instruction,context,response,category "Which of the following as water bodies? Classify them as 'water' and 'not water'. Oceans, Lakes, Ponds, Trees, Mountains, Sky, Roads, Fire.",,"'water', 'water', 'water', 'not water', 'not water', 'not water', 'not water', 'not water'.",classification Write a story on humans on Mars.,,"Thousands of years ago, human civilization used to live on planet Earth. With innovations in the areas of science, it was realized that there are ways of survival in the planet Mars. When the first fleet of humans went to Mars, not many had realized the dream of living in another planet could come true. First steps on the new planet was overwhelming for some, while for the others, it was curiosity. New neighbours, different varieties of flora and fauna and flying cars were appreciated in the society devoid of crimes.",creative_writing What is Azure SQL used for?,,"Azure SQL is a cloud based Azure SQL Server Database that is used for data warehousing. It contains data tables, sql queries, stored procedures, grants and permissions. System of Record (SoR) can be accessed and flow to the Azure SQL Server Database using a data pipeline or the Azure SQL API. Once the data lands in Azure SQL you will need to consider a strategy for how to handle change data capture (CDC). The data can be served to the business from Azure SQL Database for dashboarding and business reporting.",open_qa "Classify these animals as either mammals, reptiles, birds, or other: king cobra, honey badger, whale, black kite, salmon, and French poodle",,"mammals: honey badger, whale, french poodle reptiles: king cobra birds: black kite other: salmon",classification Write a short story about a cat named Bistro that is full of adventure.,,"Bistro patiently waited outside his backdoor in the early afternoon. The clouds were starting to clear, revealing the first full sunlight of what had been a dreary spring day in Seattle. As Bistro sat pondering his afternoon plans, he saw something red out of the corner of his eye! a small brown dog with a red collar was sprinting down the alley! Unable to resist, Bistro leapt to his feet and immediately gave chase. They bounded along together, with Bistro slowly closing the gap. They ran through the neighborhood park, narrowly avoiding the large black lab that plays on the baseball field. After 10 blocks, the small brown dog came to a quick halt. It wagged it's tail and waited patiently outside the front door of a blue house. The owner of the house opened the door, letting both Bistro and the dog inside. Bistro quickly realized he had made a mistake! The dog lived there and now he was far from home and didn't know his way back. The next morning, the dog and its owner went for a walk around the neighborhood. They were able to find Bistro family and brought it home safely immediately. Hooray for Bistro!",creative_writing Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description},"Toshiko's Piano (released as Amazing Toshiko Akiyoshi in Japan) is the debut recording of jazz pianist Toshiko Akiyoshi. It was recorded in Japan in 1953 with guitarist Herb Ellis, bassist Ray Brown and drummer J.C. Heard, who were known at the time for their work as pianist Oscar Peterson's rhythm section for Jazz at the Philharmonic concerts. The album was released as a 10 inch LP album on Norman Granz's Norgran Record label. Later 12 inch LP and (Japanese) CD re-issues also include all 4 Akiyoshi tracks from 1957's Verve Records recording, Toshiko and Leon Sash at Newport. The cover artwork is by David Stone Martin.","• 1953 - This is when Toshiko's Piano was recorded • 1957 - This is when Verve Records recorded Toshiko's Piano",information_extraction Tell me which of these cities are located in Latvia,,"Riga, Tallin, Jurmala, Pinki, Munich, Daugavpils, Klaipeda, Ventspils, Tartu",classification "Of the items, tomato, broccoli, plane, sausage, pineapple, grass, honey, and milk would a human not like to consume?",,A human would prefer not to eat a plane or grass.,classification "Classify the series according to the OTT platform they are on. The Witcher, Jack Ryan, The Rings of Power, Sweet Tooth",,"Netflix - The Witcher, Sweet Tooth Amazon Prime - Jack Ryan, The Rings of Power",classification Name a song The Mo is best known for that is not named after a dairy product.,"The Mo, also known simply as Mo, was a Dutch pop band best remembered for the 1980s hits ""Fred Astaire"" and ""Cheese."" The band was known to be an experimental pop band during the new wave era.",Fred Astaire,closed_qa "If we dug straight through to where we stood on Earth, would we reach the other side?",,"The core of the earth is a molten core of heavy metals, its probable you would not survive the journey.",open_qa What are the names of the main islands of Hawaiʻi in alphabetical order?,"Hawaii (/həˈwaɪi/ (listen) hə-WY-ee; Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi [həˈvɐjʔi] or [həˈwɐjʔi]) is a state in the Western United States, about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from the U.S. mainland in the Pacific Ocean. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state in the tropics. Hawaii comprises nearly the entire Hawaiian archipelago, 137 volcanic islands spanning 1,500 miles (2,400 km) that are physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania. The state's ocean coastline is consequently the fourth-longest in the U.S., at about 750 miles (1,210 km). The eight main islands, from northwest to southeast, are Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and Hawaiʻi—the last of these, after which the state is named, is often called the ""Big Island"" or ""Hawaii Island"" to avoid confusion with the state or archipelago. The uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands make up most of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, the United States' largest protected area and the fourth-largest in the world.","Hawaiʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Kauaʻi, Lānaʻi, Maui, Molokaʻi, and Niʻihau.",information_extraction Provide the 3 best options if your boat engine hits a rock and breaks the prop while fishing?,,"A) Call a friend for help B) Keep fishing because if you found a rock pile, it is likely a great fishing spot C) Uncover more information about the situation before taking any actions. Additional information could include: do you have a sheer pin for the prop? Are you in a lake, river, ocean? How far from shore are you? Do you have a phone?",brainstorming What do you do when Southwest cancels your flight?,,"Call their customer service, hold for at least an hour. Chances are that the call will be disconnected before anyone responds. Next, try to find a super-expensive last minute flight on another airline. Once you reach home after a day or so, remember, sometimes badly written airline software can lead to unforeseen delays",brainstorming What do west coast oysters taste like?,,"West Coast oysters have a signature cucumber or melon note, they're mild in salt and tend to be smaller overall.",open_qa Should differential privacy be used in the U.S. census?,,"I disagree with the US Census Bureau in its use of differential privacy for reasons as follow. The main purpose of the US Census is enumeration – to correctly count the population such that resource distribution can be performed smoothly and properly in the future. The use of differential privacy essentially undermines this goal. Although populations at the state level would remain true to the raw data, those at the town level could be subject to much higher variances. For example, the New York Times article “Changes to the Census Could Make Small Towns Disappear” exemplifies how differential privacy could compromise the enumerative purpose of the US Census. Native American towns that are much less populated than the urban districts could see their population numbers being halved by the DP algorithm. In addition, these incorrect numbers for Native Americans mean more than a mere calculation mistake – it could bring real-world consequences like reduced fundings or inadequate political representation. Yet, isn’t the US Census counting the population such that everyone can receive federal resources and form political constituency equally and equitably? Therefore, the use of differential privacy essentially negates the Census’s purpose. Besides the more material concern illustrated above, I argue that the use of differential privacy could also lead to a much more social and cultural issue – representation. The New York Times article has revealed that our society has adopted algorithms that always attend to the majority at the expense of the minority, and such logic behind the algorithmic design would push the representation issue into a vicious cycle. Native American people, whose land was brutally taken away and colonized, have been historically rendered as a minority group in the society. All talks on land reparations aside, the US Census Bureau has designed and passed after checks an algorithm that diminishes their very existence on the spreadsheet. What does this imply about the logic behind the implementation of differential privacy? If the Census Bureau is fully aware that most of the Native American towns are rather sparsely populated, and the algorithm to preserve differential privacy would lead to high variances for estimation of small populations, what does the implementation of this algorithm imply? That this group of people are fine with not being represented in the final headcount, even if they have spent time and money in the process? This show of negligence again invalidates the use of differential privacy in the US Census.",creative_writing "Separate the following suburbs into those that border, and do not border, the Brisbane River: Indooroopilly, Bulimba, St Lucia, Newstead, Wilston, West End, Toowong, Bowen Hills and, Wooloongabba.",,"St Lucia, West End, Toowong, Bulimba and Newstead border the Brisbane River. Wilston, Wooloongabba, Indooroopilly and Bowen Hills are inland and do not border the Brisbane River.",classification Summarize the three laws of thermodynamics in one or two sentences each. They should be understandable by a layman.,"The laws of thermodynamics are a set of scientific laws which define a group of physical quantities, such as temperature, energy, and entropy, that characterize thermodynamic systems in thermodynamic equilibrium. The laws also use various parameters for thermodynamic processes, such as thermodynamic work and heat, and establish relationships between them. They state empirical facts that form a basis of precluding the possibility of certain phenomena, such as perpetual motion. In addition to their use in thermodynamics, they are important fundamental laws of physics in general, and are applicable in other natural sciences. Traditionally, thermodynamics has recognized three fundamental laws, simply named by an ordinal identification, the first law, the second law, and the third law. A more fundamental statement was later labelled as the zeroth law, after the first three laws had been established. The zeroth law of thermodynamics defines thermal equilibrium and forms a basis for the definition of temperature: If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. The first law of thermodynamics states that, when energy passes into or out of a system (as work, heat, or matter), the system's internal energy changes in accordance with the law of conservation of energy. The second law of thermodynamics states that in a natural thermodynamic process, the sum of the entropies of the interacting thermodynamic systems never decreases. A common corollary of the statement is that heat does not spontaneously pass from a colder body to a warmer body. The third law of thermodynamics states that a system's entropy approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero. With the exception of non-crystalline solids (glasses), the entropy of a system at absolute zero is typically close to zero. The first and second laws prohibit two kinds of perpetual motion machines, respectively: the perpetual motion machine of the first kind which produces work with no energy input, and the perpetual motion machine of the second kind which spontaneously converts thermal energy into mechanical work.","The first law states that energy in a closed system is conserved. More energy than that which was present cannot be created, nor can some energy be destroyed. The second law says heat moves from a warm to a cold body. The third law says the entropy of a system is related to it's temperature, and decreases as temperature decreases.",information_extraction Give me a list of the best ways of looking younger than your age.,,"To keep fit, maintain clear skin, be positive, always be up-to-date to everything, do not hesitate to change, be calm",brainstorming Are there rules that you should live by to be happy?,,"There are 6 rules of life that work like laws of nature and can help you live a happier and more content life. It doesn't matter if you like or understand the rules or if you want to follow them or not. It is like with the gravity - it is always valid. If a stone falls on your foot, it hurts, whether you like this rule or not. The 6 rules of life are to be understood in the same way - you can observe and apply them or you can ignore them, it doesn't matter for the rules, they are valid in any case and will have an effect on your life, no matter how you estimate it. The 6 rules are: 1. you have only x-days to live, you decide what to do with it. 2. accept what is, judging is voluntary. 3. your life knows only the now. 4. you can only change one person: Yourself. 5. learn to love the most important person: you. 6. your brain is the ultimate power: use it with intention.",creative_writing "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Bonang, Chiwang",,"Chiwang is string, Bonang is percussion.",classification What is the origin of shortbread cookies?,"A cookie (American English), or a biscuit (British English), is a baked or cooked snack or dessert that is typically small, flat and sweet. It usually contains flour, sugar, egg, and some type of oil, fat, or butter. It may include other ingredients such as raisins, oats, chocolate chips, nuts, etc. Most English-speaking countries call crunchy cookies ""biscuits"", except for the United States and Canada, where ""biscuit"" refers to a type of quick bread. Chewier biscuits are sometimes called ""cookies"" even in the United Kingdom. Some cookies may also be named by their shape, such as date squares or bars. Biscuit or cookie variants include sandwich biscuits, such as custard creams, Jammie Dodgers, Bourbons and Oreos, with marshmallow or jam filling and sometimes dipped in chocolate or another sweet coating. Cookies are often served with beverages such as milk, coffee or tea and sometimes dunked, an approach which releases more flavour from confections by dissolving the sugars, while also softening their texture. Factory-made cookies are sold in grocery stores, convenience stores and vending machines. Fresh-baked cookies are sold at bakeries and coffeehouses.","A cookie (American English), or a biscuit (British English), is a baked or cooked snack or dessert that is typically small, flat and sweet. It usually contains flour, sugar, egg, and some type of oil, fat, or butter. It may include other ingredients such as raisins, oats, chocolate chips, nuts, etc. Most English-speaking countries call crunchy cookies ""biscuits"", except for the United States and Canada, where ""biscuit"" refers to a type of quick bread. Chewier biscuits are sometimes called ""cookies"" even in the United Kingdom. Some cookies may also be named by their shape, such as date squares or bars. Biscuit or cookie variants include sandwich biscuits, such as custard creams, Jammie Dodgers, Bourbons and Oreos, with marshmallow or jam filling and sometimes dipped in chocolate or another sweet coating. Cookies are often served with beverages such as milk, coffee or tea and sometimes dunked, an approach which releases more flavour from confections by dissolving the sugars, while also softening their texture. Factory-made cookies are sold in grocery stores, convenience stores and vending machines. Fresh-baked cookies are sold at bakeries and coffeehouses.",information_extraction When did Hungary gain its independence?,,"Hungary declared independence on October 17, 1918 and officially formed its government on November 1 of that year.",open_qa Tell me which of these activities are exciting and which are relaxing.,,"- Reading: relaxing - Riding on a roller coaster: exciting - Laying in a hammock: relaxing - Playing paintball: exciting - Go kart racing: exciting - Skiing: exciting - Watching a cooking show: relaxing - Taking a nap: relaxing",classification What recording artist has won the most Grammys?,,"Beyonce, a singer-songwriter who has been active since the 1990s, holds the record for most Grammys won as of 2023 with 32 awards.",open_qa Give me five data themed cocktail drinks.,,"1 The Datatini - like a martini! 2. The Collaborative Collins - Like a Tom Collins but open sourced! 3. The Spicy Data-rita - A spicy take on a margarita with all the tequila you could want. 4. The ETL Long Island - Like all long islands, it's multi layered and nuanced. Like ETL, it uploads faster and cheaper. 5. The Large Language Models Mule - Very on-trend and always served cold.",brainstorming "Give me a title of one of the ""Harry Potter"" novels.",,Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets,open_qa "Categorize the below in terms of Red wine or white wine. Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Shiraz, Pinot Noir, Malbec, Zinfandel, Grenache, Sangiovese, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Chenin Blanc, Pinot Gris (or Pinot Grigio), Semillon, Viognier, Torrontes, Albariño, Gewurztraminer.",,"White wine - Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Chenin Blanc, Pinot Gris (or Pinot Grigio), Semillon, Viognier, Torrontes, Albariño and Gewurztraminer. Red wine - Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Shiraz, Pinot Noir, Malbec, Zinfandel, Grenache and Sangiovese.",classification What are some ways in which I could use old books?,,"- Donate them to a charity - donate them to a prison - Sell them online - Try origami with book pages - Hollow the books out and stick them together to create a storage unit - Cut the book covers and use it as bookmarks - Cut the book covers to create a collage - use the pages to create a wreath - sell them to a thrift store",brainstorming "Choose the word which is different from the rest: potassium, silicon, zirconium, gallium, germanium",,All except potassium are metals used in semiconductor devices,classification "Tell me whether the following athletes are tennis or football players: Ibrahimovic, Medvedev, Agassi, Neymar, Halep, Davenport",,"There are only two football players in the list, Neymar and Ibrahimovic. All the others are well known tennis players.",classification "Which of the following are considered to be baked goods? A cake, a pie, chicken fingers, scone, and a scoop of ice cream",,"A cake, a pie, and a scone",classification Ideas to keep kids occupied for Spring break?,,"1. Take them to a movie 2. Go to the mountains 3. Practice maths",brainstorming "Which of the following are currently considered gender neutral names: Jaime, River, Mary, Charlie, Jessie, Rene, John, Maggie, Liam",,"Jaime, River, Charlie, Rene",classification Write a short story about a toddler and her imaginary friend. She is with her family and excited but nervous about the new surroundings,,"She was about the leave the hotel room with her family. She watched as her parents packed up their bags and got her baby brother ready for a day out. They were busily talking to each other and running through their checklist of things to bring for the day out at the castle. Feeling like she should help she asked Teetum, her imaginary friend to help her back her bag. Together her and Teetum packed imaginary sandwiches, imaginary rain coats and imaginary toys for the day out. This made her feel ready to face the excitement of the new city and the day out at the castle. As they stepped out onto the street she held her mothers hand knowing they had everything they needed for the day.",creative_writing give me a list of counties in Virginia by population,,"Fairfax County, Prince William County, Virginia Beach county, Loudoun County, Chesterfield County, Henrico County, Chesapeake County, Norfolk County, Arlington County, Richmond County",brainstorming Give me a bulleted list of the last 10 Major League Baseball world series champions.,,"2022 Houston Astros 2021 Atlanta Braves 2020 Los Angeles Dodgers 2019 Washington Nationals 2018 Boston Red Sox 2017 Houston Astros 2016 Chicago Cubs 2015 Kansas City Royals 2014 San Francisco Giants 2013 Boston Red Sox",brainstorming "Tell me whether these are movies or books: Gone with the wind, The Canterville Ghost, Battleship",,"book and movie, book, movie",classification Give me a bulleted list of the major religious groups,,"* Christianity * Islam * Atheists or Irreligion * Hinduism * Buddhism * Sikhism * Judaism",brainstorming In which years did the Women's Australian cricket team win the world cup,,"1978 1982 1988 1997 2005 2013 2022",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Atumpan, Axatse, Baryton",,"Atumpan and Axatse are percussion, Baryton is string.",classification what is the difference between a rat and a mouse,,"rat is larger mammal, mice are slender in size",open_qa What is the best TV series for Kids?,,I loved to see Small Wonder.,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Xylorimba, Cimbalom",,"Cimbalom is string, Xylorimba is percussion.",classification Which player scored the Premier League winning goal for Manchester City vs. QPR in 2012?,"Manchester City F.C. 3–2 Queens Park Rangers F.C was the final match of the 2011–12 Premier League season, contested at the Etihad Stadium between Manchester City and Queens Park Rangers on 13 May 2012. This match is considered the greatest Premier League moment in history. City entered the match in first place on goal difference, being level on points with local rivals Manchester United, and needed to match United's result to win the league. Meanwhile, QPR entered the match one spot above the relegation zone, knowing that a draw would secure safety at the expense of Bolton Wanderers. City won the match in dramatic fashion, reversing a 2–1 deficit by scoring two goals in stoppage time, with the winner being scored by Sergio Agüero, to clinch their first league title since the 1967–68 season. The win began a period of dominance in English football for City, with the club winning five more Premier League titles over the subsequent 10 years. The match, and more specifically the final goal of the match, has repeatedly been described as the greatest moment in Premier League history. The terms ""93:20"" and ""Agueroooooo"" have entered Manchester City folklore as a result, the former describing the exact second of the match at which point the final goal was scored, while the latter was commentator Martin Tyler's live response to the goal.","Sergio Aguero, in his first season for the club following a £30+ million move from Athletico Madrid ended the season as the club's leading goal scorer. Ten plus years later, he ended as the club's all-time leading goal scorer and holds the record for number of Premier League Hat-tricks. In 2012, Manchester City and local rivals, Manchester United were leading a two horse race to win the Premier League. Manchester United had previously won the league title 19 times where as this would be Manchester City's first title in over 40 years. It was Manchester City's to lose as they hosted relegation-bounded QPR at the Etihad Stadium and all was going to plan going into the first half following Zabaleta's goal to make it 1-0 (an unlikely goal scorer to say the least). However, following a mistake from centre back, Joleon Lescott, a dramatic red card for former Manchester City player, Joey Barton and a surprise second goal from QPR to make it 2-1, Manchester City looked as though they'd let the title slip through their hands. Manchester United had won their away game at Sunderland 1-0 so it was all down the blue half of Manchester's result. Just after the 90th minute, they were in stoppage time which was extended due to the commotions with Joey Barton lashing out at Carlos Tevez and Sergio Aguero. Striker, Edin Dzeko, scored a header from a David Silva cross to make it 2-2, but to many, this felt as too little, too late. Late drama unfolded as Mario Balotelli registered his one and only assist in almost 4 years at the club as he laid it off to Aguero who scored the winning goal with the last kick of the game to make it 3-2. Manchester City went on to win the league and QPR avoided relegation despite the loss due to results elsewhere.",closed_qa When was the Victorian Football League renamed to the Australian Football League?,,1990,open_qa How to sell?,,"1. Create a need 2. Offer a product or service to fill the need 3. Rewards and consequences 4. Create urgency and deadlines to act",creative_writing What is an experiment?,,An experiment is a scientific process that uses the element of discovery and hypothesis to test out a known fact. A series of actions are executed and then a person observes the outcomes of those actions. Experiments also give us insight into cause and effect. The best way to develop an experiment is to come up with a set of questions to test a hypothesis about something.,open_qa What is it like to live on the moon?,,"The moon is incredibly dark. You must quickly remember on Earth how much you rely on the sun. I miss it deeply. Also, I never thought I would use the word convenient to describe gravity. Life without is more challenging in so many ways. The biggest is the lack of order you have without gravity. Without gravity, the simplest things lose their order, so you have to strap, tape, or glue them down, which later becomes an inconvenience should you need to move them.",creative_writing Give me a list of the core things to focus on when training for a run or race,,"The three things you should focus on are: 1) Endurance: eg. how far you can run 2) Speed: eg. how fast you can run your given distance 3) Strength: how well you can power through changes in elevation",brainstorming How did India get independence from colonial rule,,"Non vioalence movement and violence movement both were prevalent, huge number of discussions, fights,protests etc paved way for indepdence",open_qa Name a good sorting algorithm,,Quicksort,open_qa How is chocolate made?,,"Chocolate is made first by hand sorting cacao beans, next the beans are roasted in an oven, next you crack and winnow the cacoa beans to separate the nibs from the husks, next cacao butter is extracted from the beans, next the left over part of the bean is crushed and grinded into a silky smooth texture, next the chocolate is hand poured and left to cool into chocolate bars.",open_qa Can I run MacOS on a Windows PC?,,"Yes. If you are building or upgrading your own personal computer, you can download and install the latest version of the Mac OS from Apple's website. The Mac OS installer will install the operating system on your computer and make it ready for use.",open_qa Why Bengalis are famous for,,"1. They have sweetest language declared by UNESCO . 2. They are cultural 3. Bengalis are famous for their food",brainstorming What are the words of House Caron?,,"""No Song So Sweet""",open_qa Name an old wives tale,,Swallowing gum will cause it to stick to your stomach for seven years. This is not true and is considered an old wives' tale,open_qa "Categorize the below names into fishes and insects. Hilsa, Catla, Maggot, Mite",,"Insects - Maggot, Mite Fish - Hilsa, Catla",classification What are the four main types of debt securities?,,"Common types of debt securities include commercial paper, corporate bonds, government bonds, municipal bonds, and treasury bills/bonds.",open_qa What is linear regression?,,"Linear regression is an approach for modeling the relationship between and independent and dependent variables. It is a linear relationship that is described by a positive, negative, or a 0 slope. The slope describes the velocity of the relationship being measured by the Linear Regression. The variables measured using linear regression have to be continuous. If any of your measurements are discrete you can take a log transform of those variables into order to make then continuous and be able to use Linear Regression.",open_qa Who was the first woman to finish the Boston Marathon?,,"Roberta Gibbs ran the 1966 Boston Marathon and was the first woman to finish it. At the time, women were not qualified to run in marathons, so she dressed up as a man and waited in the sidelines until about half the runners had already started then jumped in to join the pack.",open_qa What are the general rules of the Baseball?,"Baseball is played between two teams with nine players in the field from the team that is not batting at that point (the batting team would have one batter in play at ""home plate"" on the field). On a baseball field, the game is under the authority of several umpires. There are usually four umpires in major league games; up to six (and as few as one) may officiate depending on the league and the importance of the game. There are three bases. Numbered counterclockwise, first, second, and third bases are cushions (sometimes informally referred to as bags) shaped as 15 in (38 cm) squares which are raised a short distance above the ground; together with home plate, the fourth ""base"", they form a square with sides of 90 ft (27.4 m) called the diamond. Home plate is a pentagonal rubber slab 17 in (43.2 cm) wide. The playing field is divided into three main sections: The infield, containing the four bases, is for general defensive purposes bounded by the foul lines and within the grass line (see figure). The outfield is the grassed area beyond the infield grass line between the foul lines and bounded by a wall or fence. Foul territory is the entire area outside the foul lines. The pitcher's mound is located in the center of the infield. It is an 18 ft (5.5 m) diameter mound of dirt no higher than 10 in (25.4 cm). Near the center of the mound is the pitching rubber, a rubber slab positioned 60 ft 6 in (18.4 m) from home plate. The pitcher must have one foot on the rubber at the start of every pitch to a batter, but the pitcher may leave the mound area once the ball is released. At the college/professional level, baseball is played in nine innings in which each team gets one turn to bat and tries to score runs while the other pitches and defends in the field. High school baseball plays seven innings and Little League uses six-inning games. An inning is broken up into two halves in which the away team bats in the top (first) half, and the home team bats in the bottom (second) half. In baseball, the defense always has the ball—a fact that differentiates it from most other team sports. The teams switch every time the defending team gets three players of the batting team out. The winner is the team with the most runs after nine innings. If the home team is ahead after the top of the ninth, play does not continue into the bottom half. When this happens, an X is put on the scoreboard for the home team's score in the ninth inning. In the case of a tie, additional innings are played until one team comes out ahead at the end of an inning. If the home team takes the lead anytime during the bottom of the ninth or of any inning after that, play stops and the home team is declared the winner. This is known as a walk-off. The basic contest is always between the pitcher for the fielding team and a batter. The pitcher throws—pitches—the ball towards home plate, where the catcher for the fielding team waits (in a crouched stance) to receive it. Behind the catcher stands the home plate umpire. The batter stands in one of the batter's boxes and tries to hit the ball with a bat. The pitcher must keep one foot in contact with the top or front of the pitcher's rubber—a 24×6 in (61×15 cm) plate located atop the pitcher's mound—during the entire pitch, so he can take only one step backward and one forward in delivering the ball. The catcher's job is to receive any pitches that the batter does not hit and to ""call"" the game by a series of hand movements that signal to the pitcher what pitch to throw and where. The catcher also usually signals the desired location of the ball within the strike zone and ""sets up"" behind the plate or holds his glove up in the desired location as a target. The catcher's role becomes more crucial depending on how the game is going, and how the pitcher responds to a given situation. Each pitch begins a new play, which might consist of nothing more than the pitch itself. Each half-inning, the goal of the defending team is to get three members of the other team out. A player who is out must leave the field and wait for his next turn at bat. There are many ways to get batters and baserunners out; some of the most common are catching a batted ball in the air, tag outs, force outs, and strikeouts. After the fielding team has put out three players from the opposing team, that half of the inning is over and the team in the field and the team at bat switch places; there is no upper limit to the number that may bat in rotation before three outs are recorded. Going through the entire order in an inning is referred to as ""batting around"" and it is indicative of a high-scoring inning. A complete inning consists of each opposing side having a turn (three outs) on offense. The goal of the team at bat is to score more runs than the opposition; a player may do so by batting, then becoming a baserunner, touching all the bases in order (via one or more plays), and finally touching home plate. A player may also become a baserunner by being inserted as a pinch-runner. To that end, the goal of each batter is to enable baserunners to score or to become a baserunner himself. The batter attempts to hit the ball into fair territory—between the baselines—in such a way that the defending players cannot get them or the baserunners out. In general, the pitcher attempts to prevent this by pitching the ball in such a way that the batter cannot hit it cleanly or, ideally, at all. A baserunner who has successfully touched home plate without being retired (called out) after touching all previous bases scores a run. In an enclosed field, a fair ball hit over the fence on the fly is an automatic home run, which entitles the batter and all runners to touch all the bases and score. On a field with foul poles, a ball that hits a pole is also a home run. A home run hit with all bases occupied ('bases loaded') is called a grand slam.","Baseball is a game contested between two teams of 9 players. The defense plays the field and has the ball, and the offense can score by batting the ball and making their way around the bases. The field consists of two parts, the infield, which contains the bases, and the outfield. The bases are 90 feet apart, arranged in diamond format, and advanced counterclockwise. The pitcher's mound is in the center of the infield and is 60 feet 6 inches away from home plate (where the batter stands to try and bat the ball). At the youth level, the bases may be placed as close as 60 feet apart, and the mound may be as close as 46 feet away. The infield contains 6 of the 9 defenders, the pitcher being on the pitcher's mound, the catcher positioned behind home plate to receive the ball from the pitcher, and 4 infielders. The 1st baseman and 2nd baseman are positioned on the right side of the infield near their respective bases. The shortstop and third baseman are positioned on the left side of the infield with the shortstop shaded closer to 2nd base, in a mirrored position from the 2nd baseman. The third baseman is positioned by third base. The outfielders are the 3 remaining defensive players positioned in the large grass outfield in a left, center, and right arrangement. The pitcher must deliver the ball over the plate at the height range of the player's knees to their torso. 3 pitches at this level or swings and misses count as an out. Balls batted that don't land in play, which the lines of play extend from the point of the home plate which is a 90-degree angle count as a strike as long it strikes one or two, a batter cannot foul out for the third strike. If a pitched ball is not called a strike it is a ball, and 4 balls in an at-bat award the batter first base via what is called a walk. Other ways to make outs are if a ball is batted and the fielders catch it before it hits the ground; if the ball hits the ground the runner can be declared out of the fielders touch the base of the advancing runner with possession of the ball prior to the runners' arrival, so long as the runner is forced to advance to the base. If there is no force, the runner must be tagged out. In the event of a fly-out, any runner must re-establish possession of the bag they started at and are not allowed to advance to the next base until the fielder catches the ball. If they don't re-establish possession of their originating base they can be called out if the ball and the fielder possessing it reaches the originating base before they do. 3 outs constitute a half-inning; after each half-inning, the teams rotate from offense to defense. After each team gets 3 outs the full inning is concluded. A game is complete after 9 innings, although youth games are usually 6 or 7 innings. If the teams are tied at the end of regulation, the teams will continuously add extra innings until the tie is broken. A ball that is batted over the outfield fence is considered a homerun and the batter and all base runners can advance safely to home. If a battled ball lands in fair territory and leaves the field of play, it is considered a ground-rule double, and all runners are awarded two bases from where they started. You can substitute players from your bench into the game at any time but players are not allowed to re-enter the game once substituted, so substitutions are done sparingly and strategically. Many leagues employ the designated hitter rule, which allows for a 10th player to bat in place of the pitcher. Balls, strikes, and outs are called by umpires, of which there can be anywhere between 2 and 4.",information_extraction Name five NBA teams in the Western Conference.,,"Five NBA teams in the Western Conference are the Phoenix Suns, Memphis Grizzlies, Portland Trail Blazers, San Antonio Spurs, and Oklahoma City Thunder.",open_qa "When going skydiving, categorize each of the following as 'useful' or 'not useful': a parachute, an Acme anvil, a helmet, a go-pro camera, a small herd of miniature ponies, wraparound sunglasses, a backpack full of uranium",,"Useful: a parachute, a helmet, a go-pro camera, wraparound sunglasses Not useful: an Acme anvil, a small herd of miniature ponies, a backpack full of uranium",classification Why isn't Puerto Rico a US state?,,Because there isn't a significant ROI,open_qa Why boys are best over girls,,Brcause Boys always love to have peace so,brainstorming Give me multiple modes of transport to get to Australia,,"Fly by plane, take a boat or cruise ship, swim, paddle board, kayak, sail",brainstorming Which names below are more used for boys or girls in 2023,,"Amy, Babara, Claire, Daniel, Eric, Florence, George, Hilary, Illy, Lilly, Molly, Nancy, Olive, Paula, Robert, Stanley, Tara, Urs, Victoria, Wallace, Young, Zara",classification What is MBB and what does it stand for?,"McKinsey & Company is a global management consulting firm founded in 1926 by University of Chicago professor James O. McKinsey, that offers professional services to corporations, governments, and other organizations. McKinsey is the oldest and largest of the ""Big Three"" management consultancies (MBB), the world's three largest strategy consulting firms by revenue. The firm mainly focuses on the finances and operations of their clients. Under the leadership of Marvin Bower, McKinsey expanded into Europe during the 1940s and 1950s. In the 1960s, McKinsey's Fred Gluck—along with Boston Consulting Group's Bruce Henderson, Bill Bain at Bain & Company, and Harvard Business School's Michael Porter—transformed corporate culture. A 1975 publication by McKinsey's John L. Neuman introduced the business practice of ""overhead value analysis"" that contributed to a downsizing trend that eliminated many jobs in middle management.","MBB is in reference to the ""Big Three"" management consultancies. From the passage, it isn't clear exactly what it stands for, but McKinsey is included in MBB as it is the oldest and largest of the group.",closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Jhallari, Chitarra battente",,"Chitarra battente is string, Jhallari is percussion.",classification What is best Home kit,,"1. Homepod Mini 2. Thermostat ecobee 3. eUFY cAM",brainstorming Give me some ideas of places to visit on my next backpacking trip to South America.,,"- Take a cruise to visit the islands of the Galapagos - Straddle the northern and southern hemispheres at La Mitad del Mundo (The Middle of the Earth), close to Quito, Ecuador - Hike the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu from Cusco in Peru. You need to get a permit at least 6 months in advance. - Hike the Salkantay Trek to Machu Picchu from Cusco in Peru. It is a great alternative to the Inca Trail if you do not get a permit. - Visit villages around Lake Titicaca in Peru - Take a multi-day tour to the Salar de Uyuni, the world's largest salt flat, on a four-wheel drive from Uyuni in Bolivia - Go stargazing in the Atacama Desert in Chile",brainstorming How do government control inflation?,,The most common way to control inflation is to reduce the supply of money in the economy. This is achieved by increasing the interest rates.,open_qa What is the population of Miramar?,"Miramar is a corregimiento in Chiriquí Grande District, Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. It has a land area of 26.9 square kilometres (10.4 sq mi) and had a population of 1,232 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 45.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (119/sq mi).","As of 2010, the population of Miramar is 1232.",information_extraction Give an example of places where astronauts are trained?,"Meteor Crater is a popular tourist destination with roughly 270,000 visitors per year. The crater is owned by a family company, the Barringer Crater Company. Meteor Crater is an important educational and research site. It was used to train Apollo astronauts and continues to be an active training site for astronauts. The Meteor Crater Visitor Center sits on the north rim of the crater. It features interactive exhibits and displays about meteorites and asteroids, space, the Solar System, and comets including the American Astronaut Wall of Fame and such artifacts on display as an Apollo boilerplate command module (BP-29), a 1,406 lb (638 kg) meteorite found in the area, and meteorite specimens from Meteor Crater that can be touched. Formerly known as the Museum of Astrogeology, the Visitor Center includes a Discovery Center & Space Museum, a movie theater, a gift shop, and observation areas with views inside the rim of the crater. Guided tours of the rim are offered daily, weather permitting.",Meteor Crater a tourist destination is one of the places where astronauts are trained.,closed_qa "Which of the following famous basketball players have won an NBA championship: Lebron James, Steve Nash, Michael Jordan, Charles Barkley, Dwight Howard, Larry Bird, and Chris Paul",,"Chris Paul, Charles Barkley, Dwight Howard, and Steve Nash have never won an NBA championship. Lebron James, Michael Jordan, and Larry Bird have all won an NBA championship. In fact, all three of those players have won multiple championships.",classification Is ABAKO no longer an active political party?,"The Alliance of Bakongo (French: Alliance des Bakongo, or ABAKO) was a Congolese political party, founded by Edmond Nzeza Nlandu, but headed by Joseph Kasa-Vubu, which emerged in the late 1950s as vocal opponent of Belgian colonial rule in what today is the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Additionally, the organization served as the major ethno-religious organization for the Kongo people (also known as Bakongo) and became closely intertwined with the Kimbanguist Church which was extremely popular in the lower Congo.","Correct, The Alliance of Bakongo, or ABAKO, is no longer a political party.",closed_qa "Tell me whether these are fiction or non fiction books: ""To Kill a Mocking Bird"", ""The Lord of the Rings"", ""A Brief History of Time"".",,"""To Kill a Mocking Bird"", ""The Lord of the Rings"" are fictions. ""A Brief History of Time"" is non fiction.",classification Output a table in CSV format of the games mentioned and how many points Ivey scored,"Early in his freshman season, Ivey missed five games with a foot injury. On January 19, 2021, he made a game-winning three-pointer with five seconds left as part of a 15-point performance in a 67–65 win over Ohio State. On March 19, Ivey scored a season-high 26 points in a 78–69 overtime loss to North Texas at the first round of the NCAA tournament. As a freshman, he averaged 11.1 points and 3.3 rebounds per game, earning Big Ten All-Freshman Team honors. On November 12, 2021, Ivey scored 27 points in a 92–67 win over Indiana State. On January 30, 2022, he scored 21 points and hit the game-winning three-pointer with 0.6 seconds remaining in an 81–78 win over Ohio State. As a sophomore, he averaged 17.3 points, 4.9 rebounds and 3.1 assists per game. Ivey was named to the First Team All-Big Ten as well as the All-American Second Team. On March 31, 2022, Ivey declared for the 2022 NBA draft, forgoing his remaining college eligibility. He was a projected top five pick in the draft.","Game Summary,Points Scored by Ivey 67–65 win over Ohio State,15 78–69 overtime loss to North Texas,26 92–67 win over Indiana State,27 81–78 win over Ohio State,21",information_extraction What is a probability distribution?,"In probability theory and statistics, a probability distribution is the mathematical function that gives the probabilities of occurrence of different possible outcomes for an experiment. It is a mathematical description of a random phenomenon in terms of its sample space and the probabilities of events (subsets of the sample space). For instance, if X is used to denote the outcome of a coin toss (""the experiment""), then the probability distribution of X would take the value 0.5 (1 in 2 or 1/2) for X = heads, and 0.5 for X = tails (assuming that the coin is fair). Examples of random phenomena include the weather conditions at some future date, the height of a randomly selected person, the fraction of male students in a school, the results of a survey to be conducted, etc.",A probability distribution is a distribution of different outcomes based on the probable number of times each outcome will occur.,summarization Write a poem about lost friendship,,"Thought we were sandstorms, Getting rid of everything on our way. Thought we were revolutionaries, Changing the usual ways of society. Thought we were inseparable, Holding our hands firmly. Thought we were makers of our future, Closing our eyes at future. Thought of the new ideas we would implement, Being ignorant of life's ways. But, now I know, We were never destined to take the same path, Never will we sit and chat as we once used to.",creative_writing Did Elon Musk create Tesla,"Tesla was incorporated in July 2003 by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning as Tesla Motors. The company's name is a tribute to inventor and electrical engineer Nikola Tesla. In February 2004, via a $6.5 million investment, Elon Musk became the largest shareholder of the company. He has served as CEO since 2008. According to Musk, the purpose of Tesla is to help expedite the move to sustainable transport and energy, obtained through electric vehicles and solar power. Tesla began production of its first car model, the Roadster sports car, in 2008.","No, Tesla was incorporate in July 2003 July 2003 by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning. Elon Musk became the largest shareholder in February 2004 when he invested $6.5 million into the company.",information_extraction "You are planning a trip and want to travel only in the Southern Hemisphere in the first half, and only the Northern Hemisphere in the second half. Sort the countries in your itinerary into 'Southern Hemisphere' and 'Northern Hemisphere'. Your itinerary includes: Fiji, Brazil, Australia, China, Argentina, India, Canada, and South Africa.",,"Most countries are in the Northern Hemisphere. These include: Brazil, China, India and Canada. Countries in the Southern Hemisphere are: Australia, South Africa, Argentina and Fiji.",classification "Give me a list of some of the most popular song from 70s Japanese Pop singer, Mariya Takeuchi",,"1. Plastic Love 2. Stay with Me 3. September 4. Miracle Love 5. Yume No Tsuzuki",brainstorming "Which of the following two-dimensional shapes are made using only curved lines? And which use only straight lines? oval, rectangle, square, pentagon, circle and rhombus.",,"The oval and circle are made using only curved lines. The square, pentagon, rectangle and rhombus are made using only straight lines.",classification Where is the best place to vacation in the Bahamas?,,"Harbour Island is a small island in the Bahamas, accessible via the airport at North Eleuthera. Flights leave Miami, Fort Lauderdale or Nassau, several times daily. From Florida, Harbour Island is a 45min paddle jumper flight to North Eleuthera and then a 10 minute speed boat. Harbour Island has 8 hotels, Coral Sands, Pink Sands, Ramora Bay, Valentines, The Rockhouse, and The Dunmore. The Landing. All are boutique hotels. Coral Sands is about 90 rooms and the largest. There are no cars allowed in Harbour Island. Everyone travels by golf cart. Restaurants are great on the Island, and no visit is complete without a visit to Daddy D's nightclub.",creative_writing "Given this paragraph about flashcards, is flashcard useful for learning painting?","A flashcard or flash card (also known as an index card) is a card bearing information on both sides, which is intended to be used as an aid in memorization. Each flashcard bears a question on one side and an answer on the other. Flashcards are often used to memorize vocabulary, historical dates, formulas or any subject matter that can be learned via a question-and-answer format. Flashcards can be virtual (part of a flashcard software), or physical.","No. Flashcards are useful for learning things based on memorization via a question-and-answer format. Painting is a creative activity. It's unlikely to be learned by memorization of existing materials. Therefore, flashcard won't be useful for learning",closed_qa "Im going to the beach, which of these things should I avoid bringing? Sunglasses, towel, beachball, kite, refrigerator, cooler, and portable chairs.",,why would you bring a refrigerator to the beach?,classification write a story about the first contact of Alien would be,,"The first contact with Alien will be a big event that the entire earth would remember for generations. the first thing that will determine the nature of this first contact depends who get to who first. Alien arrived to earth, or human discovered another planet with other civilisation. it is high likely that in either way, the first contact will be between robots of the more advanced civilisation and the the people of the less advanced civilisation. this is due to the fact that the high advanced civilization tends to explore other worlds using their robots first.",creative_writing Anderson Peters (gold winner) hits the 90 metre mark with a throw of,,90.31m,open_qa Name five water Pokemon.,,"Five water Pokemon are Squirtle, Poliwhirl, Seel, Horsea, and Staryu",open_qa "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Hawkeye, Green Arrow",,"Hawkeye is Marvel, Green Arrow is DC",classification What is the best way to file California State Tax for Spouse Abroad in community property jurisdiction countries like China? The goal is to minimize the tax for community property income.,,"For resident spouse in California (CA) and non-resident spouse living and working in China, you can file Federal tax jointly and California state tax separately to minimize the community property income. But since both the California state and China are community property jurisdiction, only 50% of the non-resident spouse's income can be exempt from CA state tax, i.e. 100% of the resident spouse's California source income needs to be filed (50% in resident's form 540, and another 50% in non-resident's form 540NR), and 50% of non-resident spouse's foreign income needs to be filed in resident's Form 540. Note that Foreign Tax Credit or Exemption cannot be applied to state tax like federal tax.",open_qa Which is a species of fish? Noodlefish or Noodle,,Noodlefish,classification What is MGMT's most popular album,"The leaves are usually large and imposing, often lobed or deeply cut, and may be more or less pinnate. They can also be oval, spear-shaped, or in many other possible shape variations. The leaves are borne alternately on the stem. A quality of philodendrons is that they do not have a single type of leaf on the same plant. Instead, they have juvenile leaves and adult leaves, which can be drastically different from one another. The leaves of seedling philodendrons are usually heart-shaped early in the life of the plant. But after it has matured past the seedling stage, the leaves will acquire the typical juvenile leaf's shape and size. Later in the philodendron's life, it starts producing adult leaves, a process called metamorphosis. Most philodendrons go through metamorphosis gradually; there is no immediately distinct difference between juvenile and adult leaves. Aside from being typically much bigger than the juvenile leaves, the shape of adult leaves can be significantly different. In fact, considerable taxonomic difficulty has occurred in the past due to these differences, causing juvenile and adult plants to mistakenly be classified as different species.",Oracular Spectacular was named by Rolling Stone as one of their 500 Greatest Albums of All Time,closed_qa What is the difference between a bee and a wasp?,,"Bees and wasps differ greatly in appearance. In general, bees are more full-bodied, hairy and appear to be fuzzy, a characteristic that helps them collect and disseminate pollen. Wasps are more slim-bodied, have slender legs and their body appears non-hairy and shiny. Additionally, unlike bees, which can sting only once—the process is ultimately fatal to them—wasps can sting multiple times and buzz merrily away.",open_qa Approximately how much cashmere is produced each year?,"China has become the largest producer of raw cashmere, estimated at 19,200 metric tons (in hair) per year (2016). Mongolia follows with 8,900 tons (in hair) as of 2016, while Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Kyrgyzstan and other Central Asian republics produce lesser amounts. The annual world raw production is estimated to be between 15,000 and 20,000 tons (13,605 and 18,140 tonnes) (in hair). Pure cashmere, resulting from removing animal grease, dirt and coarse hairs from the fleece, is estimated at 6,500 tons (5,895 tonnes). Ultra-fine Cashmere or Pashmina is still produced by communities in Kashmir but its rarity and high price, along with political instability in the region, make it very hard to source and to regulate quality. It is estimated that the average yearly production per goat is 150 grams (0.33 lb). Pure cashmere can be dyed and spun into yarns and knitted into jumpers (sweaters), hats, gloves, socks and other clothing, or woven into fabrics then cut and assembled into garments such as outer coats, jackets, trousers (pants), pajamas, scarves, blankets, and other items. Fabric and garment producers in Scotland, Italy, and Japan have long been known as market leaders. Cashmere may also be blended with other fibers to bring the garment cost down, or to gain their properties, such as elasticity from wool, or sheen from silk. The town of Uxbridge, Massachusetts, in the United States was an incubator for the cashmere wool industry. It had the first power looms for woolens and the first manufacture of ""satinets"". Capron Mill had the first power looms, in 1820. It burned on July 21, 2007, in the Bernat Mill fire. In the United States, under the U.S. Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939, as amended, (15 U. S. Code Section 68b(a)(6)), a wool or textile product may be labelled as containing cashmere only if the following criteria are met: such wool product is the fine (dehaired) undercoat fibers produced by a cashmere goat (Capra hircus laniger); the average diameter of the fiber of such wool product does not exceed 19 microns; and such wool product does not contain more than 3 percent (by weight) of cashmere fibers with average diameters that exceed 30 microns. the average fiber diameter may be subject to a coefficient of variation around the mean that shall not exceed 24 percent.","It is estimated that about 6,500 tons of cashmere is produced each year.",closed_qa Can you extract the 5 most important characteristics of the moon from this literature in a single paragraph?,"The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It is the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System and the largest and most massive relative to its parent planet, with a diameter about one-quarter that of Earth (comparable to the width of Australia). The Moon is a planetary-mass object with a differentiated rocky body, making it a satellite planet under the geophysical definitions of the term and larger than all known dwarf planets of the Solar System.It lacks any significant atmosphere, hydrosphere, or magnetic field. Its surface gravity is about one-sixth of Earth's at 0.1654 g, with Jupiter's moon Io being the only satellite in the Solar System known to have a higher surface gravity and density. The Moon orbits Earth at an average distance of 384,400 km (238,900 mi), or about 30 times Earth's diameter. Its gravitational influence is the main driver of Earth's tides and very slowly lengthens Earth's day. The Moon's orbit around Earth has a sidereal period of 27.3 days. During each synodic period of 29.5 days, the amount of visible surface illuminated by the Sun varies from none up to 100%, resulting in lunar phases that form the basis for the months of a lunar calendar. The Moon is tidally locked to Earth, which means that the length of a full rotation of the Moon on its own axis causes its same side (the near side) to always face Earth, and the somewhat longer lunar day is the same as the synodic period. However, 59% of the total lunar surface can be seen from Earth through cyclical shifts in perspective known as libration. The most widely accepted origin explanation posits that the Moon formed 4.51 billion years ago, not long after Earth, out of the debris from a giant impact between the planet and a hypothesized Mars-sized body called Theia. It then receded to a wider orbit because of tidal interaction with the Earth. The near side of the Moon is marked by dark volcanic maria (""seas""), which fill the spaces between bright ancient crustal highlands and prominent impact craters. Most of the large impact basins and mare surfaces were in place by the end of the Imbrian period, some three billion years ago. The lunar surface is fairly non-reflective, with the reflectance of lunar soil being comparable to that of asphalt. However, due to its large angular diameter, the full moon is the brightest celestial object in the night sky. The Moon's apparent size is nearly the same as that of the Sun, allowing it to cover the Sun almost completely during a total solar eclipse. Both the Moon's prominence in Earth's sky and its regular cycle of phases have provided cultural references and influences for human societies throughout history. Such influences can be found in language, calendar systems, art, and mythology. The first artificial object to reach the Moon was the Soviet Union's uncrewed Luna 2 spacecraft in 1959; this was followed by the first successful soft landing by Luna 9 in 1966. The only human lunar missions to date have been those of the United States' Apollo program, which landed twelve men on the surface between 1969 and 1972. These and later uncrewed missions returned lunar rocks that have been used to develop a detailed geological understanding of the Moon's origins, internal structure, and subsequent history. The Moon is the only celestial body visited by humans.","The moon is the unique earth satellite, approximately a fourth of earth's size, 4.51 years old, only celestial body visited by humans, and orbit around earth in 27.3 days.",summarization Give me a bulleted list of the top five most followed Instagram profiles.,,"1. @Instagram 2. @Cristiano 3. @leomessi 4. @selenagomez 5. @kyliejenner",brainstorming Which is the oldest civilization in the world?,,The Mesopotamia civilization,open_qa What is Freeride snowboarding?,,"Freestyle snowboarding is any riding that includes performing tricks. In freestyle, the rider utilizes natural and man-made features such as rails, jumps, boxes, and innumerable others to perform tricks. It is a popular all-inclusive concept that distinguishes the creative aspects of snowboarding, in contrast to a style like alpine snowboarding.",open_qa Give me a bulleted list of the last seven World Series winners,,"- 2022: Houston Astros - 2021: Atlanta Braves - 2020: Los Angeles Dodgers - 2019: Washington Nationals - 2018: Boston Red Sox - 2017: Houston Astros - 2016: Chicago Cubs",brainstorming "Classify each of the following plates as either food or a cocktail: sushi, mojito, quiche, tacos, moscow mule, old fashioned, pizza, pasta, sandwich, pho, margarita, martini, ramen",,"From the list that has been provided, the following items to belong to the food category: sushi quiche, tacos, pizza, pasta, sandwich, pho and ramen. The rest of the items can be categorized as cocktails: mojito, moscow mule, old fashioned, margarita and martini.",classification Who is god,,"I think Sun is good, If sun does not rise we all will be die,",brainstorming What is postmodernism?,"Postmodernism is an intellectual stance or mode of discourse characterized by skepticism toward the ""grand narratives"" of modernism; rejection of epistemic certainty or the stability of meaning; and sensitivity to the role of ideology in maintaining political power. Claims to objectivity are dismissed as naïve realism, with attention drawn to the conditional nature of knowledge claims within particular historical, political, and cultural discourses. The postmodern outlook is characterized by self-referentiality, epistemological relativism, moral relativism, pluralism, irony, irreverence, and eclecticism; it rejects the ""universal validity"" of binary oppositions, stable identity, hierarchy, and categorization Initially emerging from a mode of literary criticism, postmodernism developed in the mid-twentieth century as a rejection of modernism, and has been observed across many disciplines. Postmodernism is associated with the disciplines deconstruction and post-structuralism. Various authors have criticized postmodernism as promoting obscurantism, as abandoning Enlightenment rationalism and scientific rigor, and as adding nothing to analytical or empirical knowledge","Postmodernism is a philosophical position that questions the certainty and immutability of human knowledge. It emerges in opposition to the main tenets of modernism and rejects claims of objective universal truths that are not bound and shaped by the social, historical, political and cultural context in which they arise. Postmodernist attitudes are characterized by moral relativism, a view where opposite moral precepts and world views are equally valid regardless of their consequences or scientific underpinning. This has led to criticism from thinkers that subscribe to rationalism and the notion that objective truths can be derived from scientific rigor.",closed_qa "Tell me whether each of these are animals or not: Alligator, Grass, Tree, Boat, Dolphin, Shark, Fish, Fence, Dog, Car",,"Alligator: Animal Grass: Not an Animal Tree: Not an Animal Boat: Not an Animal Dolphin: Animal Shark: Animal Fish: Animal Fence: Not an Animal Dog: Animal Car: Not an Animal",classification "Which of these foods are kosher? Lobster, cheeseburger, hamburger and fries, shrimp and grits, thai red curry with tofu, thai red curry with chicken, birthday cake, lentil soup with ham hock.",,"By Islamic law, all foods are considered halal, or lawful, except for pork and its by-products, animals improperly slaughtered or dead before slaughtering, animals slaughtered in the name of anyone but Allah (God), carnivorous animals, birds of prey, animals without external ears (some birds and reptiles), blood, alcohol, and foods contaminated with any of these. All seafood is halal. Based on this, the following foods are halal: Lobster, cheeseburger, hamburger and fries, shrimp and grits, thai red curry with tofu, thai red curry with chicken, and birthday cake.",classification How deep is the Gulf of Mexico measured in Empire State buildings?,,"The Empire State building is 1,250 feet and the Gulf of Mexico at its deepest point is 14,383 feet. It would take eleven and a half Empire State Buildings, stacked on top of each other, to measure the Gulf of Mexico at its deepest point.",open_qa What is the main tax-related difference between a brokerage account and an IRA ?,,The main difference tax-related difference between a brokerage account and an IRA is that the gains made on investments in a brokerage account are subject to capital gains taxes while gains in an IRA are not.,open_qa What would it be like to be a pirate?,,"If you were a pirate, your mission would be to find treasure. The question is between the vastness and depth of the sea, how could you ever find such a treasure? There are no treasure maps. You could look in history books to find coordinates of where they believe ships have crashed in the past, take those coordinates, and search for those sites. However, you may find the site only to realize the boat never carried any treasure that could stand the test of time under the water. The treasure may have wasted away.",creative_writing Give me the top 5 things I should do to prepare for a holiday abroad,,"1. Check any travel advice from your government 2. Consult medical advice to ensure that you receive the recommended vaccinations and medicine for your destination countries 3. Make sure that your passport is valid and not due to expire within the next 6 months 4. 5. Research the language, culture and customs of your destination countries",brainstorming What are the words of House Tarly?,,"""First in Battle""",open_qa Please write a story that puts a modern twist on a fairy tale,,"“Young lady! I demand you to come down this instant!” my stepmother demanded. “I’m busy!” I scream back from my room. I’m not actually busy, I’m just on my phone texting about the big party tonight. My friends and I are planning it out step by step, and hopefully at the end of the night, one of us will score a hot boy. “ You haven’t done any chores all month! I wish you were more like your step-sisters,” my stepmother continues angrily. The last part about my step-sisters really infuriated me. I storm downstairs ready to make a point that I’m not going to do chores for someone who isn’t my real mom. “Well maybe you're just jealous you didn’t peak in high school. I bet no one wanted to be your friend in school,” I argue. I put a smug look on my face, thinking that I totally just won this argument. “If you want to act like that I’ll give you the same treatment,” she warns me. She crosses her arms and taps her foot impatiently waiting for my response. “Whatever, if your're so fond of my step-sisters they can just do my chores,” I sigh as I roll my eyes. “You need to learn how to take care of yourself. Soon enough, your only achievement would be peaking in high school. You’re going to end up as a fast-food worker if you keep acting like this,” She reasons whilst she stares at me with daggers in her eyes. “Fine, I’ll do the laundry. After I have to go to the mall, my friends and I are going dress shopping for the party,” I groan. I have to text my friends that I will be five minutes late. I grab my phone to message them. “Just the laundry isn’t enough for all of the chores you have ignored. You turn eighteen in two years, and you need to prepare for the real world. You will not go to the party; what you will do is stay here until you cleaned and organized the entire house to make up for the several years of not doing any chores at all,” She states. I can’t believe my ears. My life is literally ruined. She is seriously out to get me I swear. I flip my hair and start to walk over to my room. “I’m going to run some errands. When I’m back, I expect all the clothes to be folded, the kitchen wiped down, etcetera. Perhaps if you finish fast enough, you can still make it to the party. Maybe.” She orders and walks out of the house. This is child abuse. I stomp my foot in frustration and call all my friends. I complain about all of the evil things my stepmother just did to me. “You should just sneak out, you do it all the time for parties,” One of my friend suggests. “I would, but if my stepmother noticed I didn’t clean everything she’s probably going to take away my allowance and phone. You guys now I can’t live without those!” I point out. I pace back and forth around my room trying to think. I see an empty closet and get the perfect idea. “What if I just throw in all the dirty things into the closet! That will give me enough time. She probably won’t notice for a couple of days. It’s flawless!” I proposed. Everyone agrees so I went straight to work. It only took me five minutes and I was out of the house and on my way to the mall. —------------------------------------------------------------------------------ “Dress shopping was so fun! I’m glad I could make it.” I remarked. Everyone nods in agreement. I check the time on my phone. “Guys! I didn’t realize it would take us that long to find out dresses, the parties in ten minutes!” I gasp, we all run into one of our cars and arrive to the party. I look around the venue. This place looks so cool, there’s a dance floor in the middle where many people are at so I head there. I see a super handsome boy in the corner of my eye, I walk over to ask him to dance. He notices me too as I reach my hand out signaling we should dance. We dance until our feet are sore. It is such a nice moment, I can’t wait to brag to my friends later. I go to take a seat with him but I see my mom enter the party. I quickly run out the door and the boy I just danced with starts following. My shoe falls off but I don’t stop running until I’m back home. —------------------------------------------------------ I wake up the next morning exhausted from last night. I look at the clock and it turns out I slept until 10 am. I walk downstairs to see my mom talking to someone at the door. I look to see who it was and it was the boy I danced with last night. How did he find me? He sees me peeking and waves to me. He explains to me my friends also noticed my dramatic exit and told him where my house was. He then gets on his knees and takes out a ring. “Will you marry me?” He asks me. I immediately knew my answer. “No”",creative_writing "Tell me whether these are animals or bands names: Eagles, Camels, Penguins, The Turtles, The Beatles, The Animals, Arctic Monkeys, Spain, France, Gorillas, Gorillaz, Crazy Horse, Lamb Of God, Beluga sturgeon",,"Interesting! Some don't fit in any of the categories, some of those are animals, some are bands names and some are actually both! Let's start by saying that Spain and France aren't animals or bands names. They are European countries. Eagles, The Turtles, The Beatles could be considered both. The Turtles, The Beatles in this case, are probably referring to the band due to the use of 'The'. Camels, Penguins, Gorillas and Beluga sturgeon are definitely animals and not bands. The Animals, Arctic Monkeys, Gorillaz, Crazy Horse, Lamb Of God are names of bands and they aren't animals.",classification "Which of the following animals are marine mammals: Human, Dog, Bonobos, Cat, Bats, Whale shark, Bears, Orangutans, Great white shark, Lion, Ocean sunfish, Koala, Cheetah, Beluga sturgeon, Orca, Gorillas, Camel, Hamsters, Lemurs, Blue whale, Chimpanzee",,"Of those animals you mentioned, some of them are mammals, some are marine animals and only a smaller number of them are marine mammals. The following can be classified as marine mammals: Orca and Blue whale.",brainstorming "Given the following paragraph about New York City, how many people live in the city?","New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over 300.46 square miles (778.2 km2), New York City is the most densely populated major city in the United States and more than twice as populous as Los Angeles, the nation's second-largest city. New York City is located at the southern tip of New York State. It constitutes the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the U.S. by both population and urban area. With over 20.1 million people in its metropolitan statistical area and 23.5 million in its combined statistical area as of 2020, New York is one of the world's most populous megacities, and over 58 million people live within 250 mi (400 km) of the city. New York City is a global cultural, financial, entertainment, and media center with a significant influence on commerce, health care and life sciences, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, dining, art, fashion, and sports. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy, and is sometimes described as the capital of the world.","As of 2020, there are over 20.1 million people living in the metropolitan statistical area of New York City. When considering the combined statistical area of New York City as of 2020, it is 23.5 million people.",closed_qa "Tell me whether the following are Pokemon or Overwatch characters: Hanzo, Flareon, Mewtwo, Mei, Dratini, Kiriko",,"Flareon, Mewtwo, and Dratini are Pokemon. Hanzo, Mei, and Kiriko are Overwatch characters.",classification Give me a list of the only two American cyclists to win the Tour de France general classification.,,"Greg LaMond has won the Tour de France general classification three times. Lance Armstrong has won the Tour de France seven times, but had all of those victories stripped after admitting to using performance enhancing drugs.",brainstorming What are the co-founders of Tesla Motors?,,"Eberhard, Tarpenning, Wright, Elon Musk, and J.B. Straubel",open_qa Who are the top 3 professional basketball players of all time?,,"These five basketball players are generally considered the best of all time: Michael Jordan Lebron James Bill Russell",brainstorming "Classify these artist as either country or pop: Dua Lipa, Harry Styles, Alan Jackson, Morgan Wallen, Taylor Swift, Thomas Rhett",,"Pop: Dua Lipa, Harry Styles, Taylor Swift Country: Morgan Wallen, Alan Jackson, Thomas Rhett",classification which are the must-visit places in India?,,Every state in India is famous for its heritage and diverse culture and tradition and thus has many things which make it a must-visit place. Very popular is the Taj Mahal in Agra.,open_qa which are rainbow colours violet red orange purple indigo pink blue black white yellow green grey,,VIBGYOR - Violet Indigo Blue Green Yellow orange red,classification "What are several unique ways in which you could travel from Seattle, Washington to Miami Florida?",,"Driving a car, riding on a plane, riding on a train, running, walking, riding a donkey, riding a horse, crab walking, riding a boat.",brainstorming What was the turning point in the Pacific Theatre in WW2?,,"The Battle of Midway in June of 1943 was most likely the turning point of the Pacific War. Up until that point, the Japanese held the initiative and momentum. When they lost 4 carriers and precious pilots and planes during the battle, they were significantly weakened and were never able to regain the initiative but instead spent most of rest of the war on the defensive.",open_qa List the five French mother sauces used in classic french cuisine.,,"List the five French mother sauces used in classic French cuisine. The five mother sauces include Béchamel, Velouté, Espagnole, hollandaise and Tomato.",brainstorming Who were the members of England's men's football World Cup winning team in 1966?,,"- Gordon Banks (Goalkeeper) - George Cohen (Defender) - Ray Wilson (Defender) - Nobby Stiles (Midfielder) - Jack Charlton (Defender) - Bobby Moore (Defender, Captain) - Alan Ball (Midfielder) - Jimmy Greaves (Forward) - Bobby Charlton (Midfielder) - Geoff Hurst (Forward) - John Connelly (Forward) - Ron Springett (Goalkeeper) - Peter Bonetti (Goalkeeper) - Jimmy Armfield (Defender) - Gerry Byrne (Defender) - Martin Peters (Midfielder) - Ron Flowers (Midfielder) - Norman Hunter (Defender) - Terry Paine (Forward) - Ian Callaghan (Midfielder) - Roger Hunt (Forward) - George Eastham (Midfielder)",brainstorming "When people go to Fábrica de Pastéis de Belém to get a pastel de nata, how do people usually eat it? And what is the recipe.","Since the opening of Fábrica de Pastéis de Belém, the original recipe of the pastel de nata is kept in a secret room. The Fábrica de Pastéis de Belém is the most popular place to buy pastéis de nata; the shop is located just a short three-minute walk from the Jerónimos Monastery. The shop offers both takeout and sit-in services and sells over 20,000 pastéis de nata a day. Usually the tart is sprinkled with canela (cinnamon), and often accompanied with a bica (a strong espresso coffee).","Typically people have their pastel de nata with cinnamon and a strong espresso coffee. The original recipe is well kept secret since the Fábrica de Pastéis de Belém opened. It is stored on a secret room.",information_extraction What would cause stride scheduling to cause inefficiency in CPU operations?,"The stride scheduling is a type of scheduling mechanism that has been introduced as a simple concept to achieve proportional CPU capacity reservation among concurrent processes. Stride scheduling aims to sequentially allocate a resource for the duration of standard time-slices (quantum) in a fashion, that performs periodic recurrences of allocations. Thus, a process p1 which has reserved twice the share of a process p2 will be allocated twice as often as p2. In particular, process p1 will even be allocated two times every time p2 is waiting for allocation, assuming that neither of the two processes performs a blocking operation.",Blocking operations would cause dependency issues between p1 and p2 if either is blocking the other.,closed_qa What does kwon mean in taekwondo?,"Taekwondo, Tae Kwon Do or Taekwon-Do is a Korean form of martial arts involving punching and kicking techniques, with emphasis on head-height kicks, spinning jump kicks, and fast kicking techniques. The literal translation for tae kwon do is ""kicking"", ""punching"", and ""the art or way of"". They are a kind of martial arts in which one attacks or defends with hands and feet anytime or anywhere, with occasional use of weapons. The physical training undertaken in Taekwondo is purposeful and fosters strength of mind through mental armament.",'kwon' in Korean means punching or striking with the hand,closed_qa Name top 10 companies from the Fortune 500 list in 2022,,"1. Walmart   2. Amazon.com   3. Apple  4. CVS Health 5. UnitedHealth Group  6. Exxon Mobil 7. Berkshire Hathaway   8. Alphabet  9. McKesson   10. AmerisourceBergen",open_qa How many U.S. President were lawyers?,,"25 U.S. Presidents were lawyers. John Adams: Adams was the second president of the United States. A farmer, lawyer, writer and political philosopher; he played a major role in American history. Thomas Jefferson: He was a lawyer, statesman, professor, writer, and the third president of the United States, during which time he wrote the Declaration of Independence with John Adams. He also played an important role in establishing the structure of the Library of Congress. James Madison: He was one of the Founding Fathers and fourth president of the United States. A student of law and classical political theory, Madison was the leading author of the Bill of Rights. James Monroe: He was an American statesman, lawyer, diplomat and Founding Father and fifth president of the United States during the time of the War of 1812. John Q. Adams: He was an American statesman, journalist, diplomat, lawyer, and sixth president of the United States. Martin Van Buren: He was the eighth President of the United States and became the youngest person ever to become President at that time. He studied law in New York, and was admitted to the New York bar in 1802. John Tyler: He was the tenth President of the United States when President William Henry Harrison died in April 1841. He was the first Vice President to succeed in the Presidency after the death of his predecessor. He was a lawyer by trade and became Governor of Tennessee after his election in 1844. James Polk: He was a lawyer, surveyor and railroad worker He was the eleventh President of the United States. Millard Fillmore: He was a lawyer, political leader, minister of finance, diplomat and statesman. He was educated in the state schools, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1813. Franklin Pierce: He was a lawyer, judge, and governor of the American state of New Hampshire. He was the fourteenth President of the United States. James Buchanan: He was a statesman, lawyer, soldier, author, and diplomat who helped found the United States and signed the Declaration of Independence. Abraham Lincoln: Lincoln was the president during the Civil War, and his administration was a time of success and failure. He was a former statesman, lawyer, journalist, soldier and president of the United States. Rutherford B. Hayes: He was a statesman, lawyer, congressman, minister, and the nineteenth President of the United States from 1877-1881. Chester Arthur: He was a statesman, lawyer, and professor, who had also been an admiral of the United States Navy and a delegate to the Republican National Convention. Grover Cleveland: He was a statesman, lawyer, and businessman. He became President when William McKinley was assassinated. He studied law in St. Louis, Missouri and began his law practice in 1866. Benjamin Harrison: He was a statesman, lawyer, soldier, and U.S. Representative for the state of Indiana. As U.S. President in 1891-93, Harrison achieved the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act and the creation of the National Cordage Company. William McKinley: His important role was to establish relations between the two nations on a more cordial basis. He was a statesman, lawyer, a Union veteran of the Civil War and the twenty-fifth President of the United States. William Taft: He was a lawyer, judge, and statesman, and a member of the commission which framed the constitution of Ohio. He graduated from the Cincinnati Law School and was admitted to the bar in 1839. Woodrow Wilson: He was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. He was a statesman, lawyer, and diplomat, of the preeminent stature of his era. He was the first United States President to hold foreign office as a diplomat. Calvin Coolidge: He was a statesman, lawyer, soldier, college president and the thirtieth President of the United States. Franklin D. Roosevelt: Roosevelt was considered “The Golden-Gate President,” having been elected in 1932 in the midst of the Great Depression. He was a statesman, lawyer, a World War I veteran who served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the administration of President Theodore Roosevelt. Richard Nixon: He was the thirty-seventh President of the United States, a statesman, lawyer, statesman, and a diplomat. Gerald Ford: He was a statesman, lawyer and Christian man, who dedicated his life to God and our country. He was honored in the presence of our current leaders. Bill Clinton: He was a statesman, lawyer, US Senator, governor, secretary of state, US president, and Rhodes Scholar. He focused his term on expanding education in the United States, with a particular focus on the poor and minorities. Barack Obama: Obama was the 44th president of the United States and the nation’s first black president, was a statesman, a lawyer, a law and order man and a politician.",brainstorming what do you think makes Japan Unique,,"- Japanese food (Sushi, Ramen etc.) - Culture of minimalism and respect - Japanese work ethic - Japan consists of over 6000 islands - Japan has a 'suicide forest' - Japan has over 70,000 people who are over 100 years old - Japan has millions of vending machines - Japan's capital Tokyo is one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Scabellum, Nyckelharpa",,"Nyckelharpa is string, Scabellum is percussion.",classification What should be the best personality in a man,,"1. Gentleness 2. Honest 3. Good character to be an example of your generation",brainstorming give me a bulleted list of ways to get to the other side of a lake.,,"- walk across the suspension bridge hovering over the lake - swim across the lake - if you are a scorpion, hitch a ride on a frogs back and behave - canoe across the lake - drive around the lake and reach the other side - zip line across the lake - skate across the lake in the winter when the lake is frozen - water ski across the lake - lay on a float and hope you end up on the other side of the lake - drain the lake and walk across on the lake bed - take a ferry across the lake - scuba dive across the lake",brainstorming What is the difference between mozzarella and cheddar?,,"Mozzarella (or Mozz) can be served fresh, while cheddar is generally aged for some time to improve flavor before it is consumed.",open_qa "Classify the movies based on whether they belong to Fantasy or Mystery genre. AVATAR, SHAZAM, MISSING, FREDDY",,"Mystery - MISSING, FREDDY Fantasy - AVATAR, SHAZAM",classification Who produced the album Exit the Dragon,,"Exit the Dragon is the fifth album by American alternative rock group Urge Overkill, released in 1995. Exit the Dragon is characterized as being a darker album than their previous album, Saturation. It was their final album until 2011 saw the release of Rock & Roll Submarine, sixteen years after Exit the Dragon.",open_qa "Tell me which of these are great Irish Bands: The Hot House Flowers, The Waterboys,The Proclaimers, Deacon Blue, U2, Westlife,",,"Ireland has produced some of the greatest bands in the world. U2 is probably the most well known Irish band, formed in 1976. The Hot House Flowers are an Irish rock band that combine traditional Irish music with influences from soul, gospel and rock. The Boomtown Rats are another irish rock band famous for their signature song 'I don't like Mondays'. Westlife are an irish pop group who focus on cover versions. While The Waterboys, Proclaimers and Deacon Blue are all influenced by celtic music they are in fact Scottish",classification Who is best college football coach?,,"As of April 2023, Nick Saban is the greatest coach of all-time with 7 modern championships at LSU and Alabama. However, Kirby Smart is right on his heels with the last two National Championships at Georgia after masterminding four of Saban's elite championship defenses at Alabama. It is conceivable Kirby passes Saban when he wins back-to-back-to-back championships, something Saban has never done.",open_qa "Which of these animals are domesticated: Dog, Cat, Serval, Monkey, Ferret, Goldfish, Lion, Bear, Sable",,"Domesticated: Dog, Cat, Serval, Ferret, Goldfish, Sable",classification What are the best travel destinations in 2023.,,"With the world opens up after long impact of Covid, a lot of people resume traveling again and started planning for their next trips! Globally, popular travel destinations often have less restrictive entry requirements for visitors, safe social and health environment, and of course, beautiful sceneries and profound culture backgrounds. Here are some recommendations: Singapore, Seoul, Hawaii, Amsterdam and Toronto.",brainstorming Rank American Presidents,,"Abraham Lincoln is mostly regarded as the greatest president for his leadership during the Civil War and the abolition of slavery. Franklin D. Roosevelt for leading the country out of the Great Depression and during World War II. Founding Father and first president George Washington for setting several enduring and important precedents for the office of the presidency, including the peaceful transition of power.",brainstorming Write a paragraph on why I should quit my job and live off the land.,,"Work is hard and boring and it is likely that you are ruining your health by sitting all day. You are probably drowning in emails, slack messages and texts from your boss. This is no way to live! You should be out in the sunshine, feeling the cool wind on your face. You could benefit from breathing fresh air and feeling the earth with your own two hands. It is always possible to seize the day and do what brings you joy. In your case, living off the land could bring you significant joy and happiness. Grow your own crops, buy a few chickens, and build a shack in the woods! What do you have to lose? the world is waiting.",creative_writing "Categorize each of the following foods based on the five taste sensations (sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami).",,"Mushrooms: umami Swiss chard: bitter Coffee: bitter Lemon: sour Fish sauce: umami Kale: bitter Apple: sweet Beef jerky: salty Parmesan cheese: salty",classification Tell me whether these numbers are odd or even,,"10, 2, 7, 17, 777, 1284, 28, 57, 298, 102",classification What is the oldest type of flight technology?,,Hot air balloons,open_qa "whats needed to make a biryani? rice chicken honey sugar oil pot towel barbeque onions oven",,"following are needed to make biryani: rice chicken oil pot onion",classification Name some public companies that have been valued at over 1 trillion dollars.,,"The following are public companies that have been valued at over 1 trillion dollars: - Apple - Microsoft - Google - Amazon",open_qa Which coin of U.S currency has the most ridges.,,The U.S. half dollar is the winner with 150 ridges.,open_qa "What US embassy was abandoned on April 12th, 1975",,Phnom Penh was abandoned after being besieged by the Khmer Rouge on April 12th 1975,open_qa What world need most from Human,,"1. Cleanness 2. Population 3. More Greenery",brainstorming Who was one of the best hip hop groups of the late 90s,,"TLC was one of the most famous girl groups with major success around songs such as waterfalls, no scrubs & unpretty",open_qa "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Moon Knight, Batman",,"Moon Knight is Marvel, Batman is DC",classification "Classify these colors into primary or not primary: red, blue, green, orange, yellow, white, blue, pink, black, white, brown.",,"Red, blue and yellow are primary colors. Green, orange, white, blue, pink, black, white and brown are not primary colors.",classification What are three cities on the west coast of Florida?,,"Three cities on the west coast of Florida are Naples, Tampa, and Sarasota.",open_qa "Name the planets in the solar system, in the order of distance from the sun",,"The planets in the solar system in order of distance from the sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus.",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the founders of Bloomberg L.P. Separate them with a comma.","Bloomberg L.P. is a privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It was co-founded by Michael Bloomberg in 1981, with Thomas Secunda, Duncan MacMillan, Charles Zegar, and a 12% ownership investment by Bank of America through their brokerage subsidiary Merrill Lynch.","Michael Bloomberg, Thomas Secunda, Duncan MacMillan, Charles Zega",information_extraction What are some things that people commonly add to beer?,,"The most common things to add into beer are slices of citrus fruit, like lime, orange, or lemon. Sometimes juice is added to beer as well, such as orange juice for a brass monkey, frozen lime juice for a beer margarita, tomato and lime juice for a michelada, or lemon juice for a radler.",brainstorming Imagine you are the last person on Earth. Write a diary entry describing your thoughts and feelings.,,"I finally witness the day when humanity was brought to an end. It wasn't due to a technological explosion, depletion of resources, or uncontrolled wars. It was arrogance, the innate arrogance of humanity, that brought everything to an end. And now, this is the end of my life but will also mark the beginning of all cycles.",creative_writing What is accepted to be California's first official wine-producing vineyard?,,"Mission San Juan Capistrano is recognized as the location of California's first wine vineyard, which was planted by Father Junípero Serra.",open_qa What is the name of the season that begins in the fall and ends in the spring?,,Winter,classification 2021 Nobel Prize was awarded to which all Journalists,,Maria Ressa of Philippines & Dmitry Muratov of Russia,open_qa What nationality and percentage were forced into internment camps?,,Japanese Americans ethnic group were forced into internment camps. Around 70% of Japanese Americans were impacted by this.,open_qa "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Susan Storm, Green Lantern",,"Susan Storm is Marvel, Green Lantern is DC",classification What is Solidarity Tax?,,The IMF has proposed a Solidarity Tax on the Companies those prospered in Covid crises should pay additional tax to show solidarity with those who were hit hardest by pandemic,open_qa "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? She-Hulk, Wonder Woman",,"She-Hulk is Marvel, Wonder Woman is DC",classification Is it a good situation to be a dev ?,,"You know, for myself I don't think that there is a good or a bad situation. If I had to sum up my life, To be honest, this is much more about meeting people. People who reached out to me, maybe at a time when I couldn't, when I was home alone. And it's quite curious to say to yourself that chance, encounters, forge a destiny... Because when you have a taste for something, when you have a taste for something well done, a nice gesture, sometimes you can't find the interlocutor opposite, I would say, the mirror that helps you move forward. So that's not my case, as I was saying there, since I, on the contrary, I was able to: and I say thank you to life, I say thank you to it, I sing life, I dance life... I am only love! And finally, when many people today say to me “But how do you manage to have this humanity? », Well, I answer them very simply, I tell them that it is this taste for love, this taste that pushed me today to undertake a mechanical construction, but tomorrow who knows? Perhaps simply to put myself at the service of the community, to give, the gift of self...",open_qa Give me a list of the last iceskate i've never seen,,Patins Bauer Vapor Hyperlite senior Marque Bauer 1259.95 € 984.95 € Patins Bauer Supreme Mach senior Patins Bauer Supreme Mach. Patins Bauer Supreme Mach senior Marque Bauer 1259.95 € 984.95 € Patins CCM JetSpeed FT4 Pro senior CCM JetSpeed FT4 Pro senior.,brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Onavillu, Lotar",,"Lotar is string, Onavillu is percussion.",classification Who is the best all-time chess player?,,"According to the international chess federation (FIDE) and its adopted ELO rating, Magnus Carlsen is the best all-time chess player with an ELO best rating of 2882. Please note, ELO rating was adopted by FIDE in 1970 so there could have been players before that date with higher ELO rating. Still, it is safe to say Magnus Carlsen is one of the all-time best players ever.",open_qa Write a letter to my boss that convinces them that I deserve a raise.,,"Hey boss, its me. We have worked hard over these past few periods, and while I look back fondly on our memories, I have an ask of you. You see, given how much I have sacrificed to deliver the results you have demanded over the past fiscal cycle, and we surpassed our goals, I was thinking perhaps you could show your appreciation with an reasonable increase in salary? Thank you for your consideration, and I look forward to surpassing our goals together in the future.",creative_writing Give me a list of the ten best rock guitarists of all time,,"Jimi Hendrix, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Jimmy Page, Eddie Van Halen, Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, David Gilmour, Brian May, George Harrison, Randy Rhoads",brainstorming "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Sif, Wonder Woman",,"Sif is Marvel, Wonder Woman is DC",classification What are your favorite musical instruments?,,"Guitar, flute, bagpipes, cello, saxophone.",brainstorming Give me a bulleted list of countries that start with the letter B.,,"- Botswana - Bulgaria - Brazil - Bolivia - Belgium - Bahrain - Bahamas",brainstorming "Classify these as animals or vehicles: helicopter, car, sheep, dog, bike, bus, van, tiger, cat, llama, deer, tractor, airplane, ship, rabbit, snake",,"The animals are: helicopter, car, bike, bus, van, tractor, ship The vehicles are: sheep, dog, tiger, cat, llama, deer, rabbit, snake",classification "What ages are considered newborn, toddler, child and teenager?",,A newborn is typically from birth to 1 year old. A toddler is 1-5. A child is 5-12. A teenager is 12-18.,classification What is the fastest car?,,"In 2017, the Koenigsegg Agera RS reached a top speed of 447.19 km/h (277.87 mph).",open_qa I'd like a list of the last five Prime Ministers of New Zealand. Give it to me in a bulleted list with the format ( - ),,"Here is a list of the last five Prime Ministers of New Zealand: - Chris Hipkins (25 January 2023 - now) - Jacinda Ardern (26 October 2017 - 25 January 2023) - Bill English (12 December 2016 - 26 October 2017) - John Key (19 November 2008 - 12 December 2016) - Helen Clark (10 December 1999 - 19 November 2008)",brainstorming Think of five words that rhyme with kits,,"Bits, nits, slits, brits, ditz",brainstorming "Choose the word which is different from the rest: Cream, Oil, Butter, Curd, Cheese.",,All except Oil are products obtained from milk.,classification Give me a list of great sci-fi,,"Sci-fi movies can be graded by many different dimensions to determine ""the best"". The largest universe market cap for a sci fi universe is Star Wars created by George Lucas and all its canon. Star Wars at its core story is about an all binding energy called the force which bound the galaxy together which a few people could harness its power. Its a classic story of good vs evil paired with amazing special effects to give the viewer an immersive believable universe. One of the longest running Sci Fi Series with a cult following was Stargate SG-1 which aired for 10 seasons and had two movies created. Stargate SG-1 is about a network of inter-planetary gates that allowed for anyone to instantaneously travel between entire different planets. The saga is ripe with discovering new cultures in foreign planets, intermixed with long story arcs about formidable foes and a team with a very diverse set of people and aliens battling for good of the galaxy. Stargate SG-1 had amazing character development over its 10 season course which made it a great fan favorite. The 2004 remake of Battlestar Galactica is an epic story of artificial intelligence versus humanity. Humanity is being hunted and on the brink of all out extinction. Its a war-time classic that explores the factors that make us human, what a society is about, and survival.",brainstorming What were the last ten states to enter the union of the United States?,,"In order of admission: Montana, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona, Alaska, and Hawaii.",open_qa What are the 5 best ways to control cortisol,,"Listening to binaural sound with headphones, meditating for at least 5 minutes a day, reading a book that has relaxing content for at least 30 minutes a day, taking in sunlight at dawn or dusk for at least 10 minutes a day, walking daily for at least 30 minutes a day",brainstorming "Given this paragraph describing the conclusion of the movie Groundhog Day, how did Phil manage to break the cycle and wake up on February 3 instead of back once again on February 2?","During one iteration of the loop, Phil reports on the Groundhog Day festivities with such eloquence that other news crews stop working to listen to his speech, amazing Rita. Phil continues his day helping the people of Punxsutawney. That night, Rita witnesses Phil's expert piano-playing skills as the adoring townsfolk regale her with stories of his good deeds. Impressed by his apparent overnight transformation, Rita successfully bids for him at a charity bachelor auction. Phil carves an ice sculpture in Rita's image and tells her that no matter what happens, even if he is trapped in the loop forever, he is finally happy because he loves her. They share a kiss and retire to Phil's room. He wakes the next morning to ""I Got You Babe"" but finds Rita is still in bed with him and the radio banter has changed; it is now February 3. Phil tells Rita that he wants to live in Punxsutawney with her. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundhog_Day_(film)",This paragraph summarizing the conclusion of Groundhog Day explains what was happening when Phil wakes up on February 3 but does not explain why he is able to escape the loop.,closed_qa What are some melee weapons I can use for role playing?,,"Melee weapons include the knife, axe, mace and whip.",brainstorming Can you suggest 3 disadvantages of Genetic modification technologies like CRISPR ?,,"1.Uncontrollable mutations 2.Uncontrollable population growth 3.Strong ethical concerns about discrimination",brainstorming "Can you tell me about Hyderabad, India?","Hyderabad (/ˈhaɪdərəbæd/ (listen) HY-dər-ə-bad; Telugu: [ˈɦaɪ̯daraːbaːd], Urdu: [ˈɦɛːdəɾaːbaːd]) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and the de jure capital of Andhra Pradesh.[A] It occupies 650 km2 (250 sq mi) on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River, in the northern part of Southern India. With an average altitude of 542 m (1,778 ft), much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes, including the Hussain Sagar lake, predating the city's founding, in the north of the city centre. According to the 2011 Census of India, Hyderabad is the fourth-most populous city in India with a population of 6.9 million residents within the city limits, and has a population of 9.7 million residents in the metropolitan region, making it the sixth-most populous metropolitan area in India. With an output of US$74 billion, Hyderabad has the fifth-largest urban economy in India. Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah established Hyderabad in 1591 to extend the capital beyond the fortified Golconda. In 1687, the city was annexed by the Mughals. In 1724, Asaf Jah I, the Mughal viceroy, declared his sovereignty and founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty, also known as the Nizams. Hyderabad served as the imperial capital of the Asaf Jahi's from 1769 to 1948. As capital of the princely state of Hyderabad, the city housed the British Residency and cantonment until Indian independence in 1947. Hyderabad was annexed by the Indian Union in 1948 and continued as a capital of Hyderabad State from 1948 to 1956. After the introduction of the States Reorganisation Act of 1956, Hyderabad was made the capital of the newly formed Andhra Pradesh. In 2014, Andhra Pradesh was split to form the state of Telangana, and Hyderabad became the joint capital of the two states with a transitional arrangement scheduled to end in 2024. Since 1956, the city has housed the Rashtrapati Nilayam, the winter office of the president of India.","Hyderabad is the capital of Telangana, which is a southern state of India. Hyderabad is also known as Bhagyanagar which is well known for it's cuisine primarily the Hyderbadi Biryani and also known as Pearl city. Hyderabad was built about 450 years ago and keeps growing, currently it's spread 250 sq miles in Deccan Plateau. Hyderabad is house for many cultures and people from all over the world. Hyderabad has great scenic places like Charminar, Golconda Fort, Bhagyalaxmi Temple, Ramoji FilmCity and Birla Temple to name a few.",information_extraction "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Berimbau, Soku",,"Soku is string, Berimbau is percussion.",classification give me a summary of the American revolution,,"The American Revolution was a five-year long war that started in 1775. The colonists of Great Britain were tired of being taxed endlessly by King George lll. The revolution started when some of Britain's forces assaulted revolutionary colonists at Lexington. This convinced many people to fight for the colonists. Finally, after many long battles and suffering, at the battle of Yorktown in 1781, Great Britain's forces surrendered to General Roshambo and General Washington. King George lll passed the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The colonists, now free from Britain, started America. The political system was also created, with George Washington becoming the first president.",summarization Is rule 606 good for the industry,,"yes, overall create consistent accounting rules regardless of business or revenue model",open_qa From the passage note down the name and population of largest and smallest US state categorized by population. List the results in format ‘name of state: Population count‘.,"The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states, a federal district (Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States), five major territories, and various minor islands. Both the states and the United States as a whole are each sovereign jurisdictions. The Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution allows states to exercise all powers of government not delegated to the federal government. Each state has its own constitution and government, and all states and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Each state is represented by two senators, while representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census. Additionally, each state is entitled to select a number of electors to vote in the Electoral College, the body that elects the president of the United States, equal to the total of representatives and senators in Congress from that state. The federal district does not have representatives in the Senate, but has a non-voting delegate in the House, and it is also entitled to electors in the Electoral College. Congress can admit more states, but it cannot create a new state from territory of an existing state or merge of two or more states into one without the consent of all states involved, and each new state is admitted on an equal footing with the existing states. The United States has control over fourteen territories. Five of them (American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands) have a permanent, nonmilitary population, while nine of them (the United States Minor Outlying Islands) do not. With the exception of Navassa Island, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, which are located in the Caribbean, all territories are located in the Pacific Ocean. One territory, Palmyra Atoll, is considered to be incorporated, meaning the full body of the Constitution has been applied to it; the other territories are unincorporated, meaning the Constitution does not fully apply to them. Ten territories (the Minor Outlying Islands and American Samoa) are considered to be unorganized, meaning they have not had an organic act enacted by Congress; the four other territories are organized, meaning an organic act has been enacted by Congress. The five inhabited territories each have limited autonomy in addition to having territorial legislatures and governors, but residents cannot vote in federal elections, although all are represented by non-voting delegates in the House. The largest state by population is California, with a population of 39,538,223 people, while the smallest is Wyoming, with a population of 576,851 people; the federal district has a larger population (689,545) than both Wyoming and Vermont. The largest state by area is Alaska, encompassing 665,384 square miles (1,723,337 square kilometers), while the smallest is Rhode Island, encompassing 1,545 square miles (4,001 square kilometers). The most recent states to be admitted, Alaska and Hawaii, were admitted in 1959. The largest territory by population is Puerto Rico, with a population of 3,285,874 people (larger than 21 states), while the smallest is the Northern Mariana Islands, with a population of 47,329 people. Puerto Rico is the largest territory by area, encompassing 5,325 square miles (13,791 square kilometers); the smallest territory, Kingman Reef, encompasses only 0.005 square miles (0.01 square kilometers).","Largest state by population - California: 39,538,223 Smallest state by population - Wyoming: 576,851",information_extraction "Classify each of the following as inclined or flat: stairs, beach, mountain, lake, escalator, pond, ramp",,"Stairs: Inclined Beach: Flat Mountain: Inclined Lake: Flat Escalator: Inclined Pond: Flat Ramp: Inclined",classification Give me a bulleted list of the 7 most recent UPenn Presidents,,"* M. Elizabeth Magill (2022 - present) * Wendell Pritchett (2022 - 2022) (interim) * Amy Gutmann (2004 - 2022) * Judith Rodin (1994 - 2004) * Claire Muriel Mintzer Fagin (1993 - 1994) (interim) * Francis Sheldon Hackney (1981 - 1993) * Martin Meyerson (1970 - 1981)",brainstorming "Besides his expeditions, what was Shackleton's life like?","Away from his expeditions, Shackleton's life was generally restless and unfulfilled. In his search for rapid pathways to wealth and security, he launched business ventures which failed to prosper, and he died heavily in debt. Upon his death, he was lauded in the press but was thereafter largely forgotten, while the heroic reputation of his rival Scott was sustained for many decades. Later in the 20th century, Shackleton was ""rediscovered"", and became a role model for leadership in extreme circumstances.","Despite being considered today a role model for leadership in extreme circumstances, Shackleton was largely forgotten for decades after his death. He was focused on and participated in several get rich quick schemes but they all ended in failure. Shackleton died heavily in debt.",summarization What are three crafts with a wire coat hanger?,,"- Create a mobile by cutting up the coat hanger and joining the pieces together. - Make a wire sculpture of your favorite animal. - Fashion a spring and affix a pompom on top of it, finishing your creation with googly eyes",brainstorming Name famous French singers (all time).,,"Johnny Hallyday, Michel Sardou, Orelsan, Kendji, Lara Fabian, Jennifer, Charles Aznavour, Edith Piaf.",open_qa Why Kolkata is famous,,"Because of it's famous food and culture 1. Kolkata biriyani 2, Victoria 3. Rasogolla",brainstorming "I want to watch a movie that won the Oscar for best picture. Here are my choices: Moonlight, Wizard of Oz, Arrival, Elvis, Everything Everywhere All at Once, Chicago, Gone with the Wind, Top Gun. What should I choose?",,"These movies are Oscar winners for Best Picture: Moonlight, Everything Everywhere All at Once, Gone with the Wind and Chicago.",classification Think up a creative and weird alternative way for me to protect my phone if I don't want to purchase a phone case.,,"If you want to protect your phone but don't want to purchase a phone case, you can make your own by using marshmallows and toothpicks. Use the toothpicks to secure the marshmallows around your phone and make sure that they fit snugly around your phone. Marshmallows are a good choice since they are very soft and squishy and will absorb the impact if you drop your phone.",brainstorming "Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Apex Motors, Chevrolet",,"Apex Motors is Chinese, Chevrolet is American",classification Extract names of all weapons mentioned in the paragraph below:,"In the late 18th century, French General Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval promoted standardized weapons in what became known as the Système Gribeauval after it was issued as a royal order in 1765. (Its focus at the time was artillery more than muskets or handguns.) One of the accomplishments of the system was that solid cast cannons were bored to precise tolerances, which allowed the walls to be thinner than cannons poured with hollow cores. However, because cores were often off center, the wall thickness determined the size of the bore. Standardized boring allowed cannons to be shorter without sacrificing accuracy and range because of the tighter fit of the shells. It also allowed standardization of the shells.","The following are names of weapons in the paragraph above: artillery, muskets, handguns, cannons, shells",information_extraction What kind of immigration system is the best,,"The best immigration system is a skills based system. One which does not have a fixed quota of immigrant allowance per year. The quota should vary based on the job market for skills in which the country is facing shortage. Students who come in to study in the country can be given preference but again dependent on the requirements of the job market. Immediate family immigration should be allowed. All processing should be done in a timely manner. Once the labor market is saturated make it extremely difficult to work in an undocumented status. Give options for undocumented immigrants to become legal based on their ties to the country and good conduct. Once people know that they have options to immigrate legally in both high and low skilled jobs, new illegal crossings will reduce.",brainstorming Which of the following are movies with the actor Deepika Padukone?,,"Pathan, Citadel, Om Shanti Om, Love Aaj Kal, Milli, Bala",classification What is it like to have children and how many should I have?,,"Having children is an amazing experience. You never know love like the love of a child. Having children brings families closer together because they are playful, loving, innocent, and silly at times as they learn to navigate this world. Children make us laugh, smile, love, learn patience and understanding, teach us thoughtful communication, and even how to be children again. They also do certain things and actions that can bring back deep seeded memories of when we were kids and then we can relive those experiences together. I cannot answer how many children you should have but definitely give it some thought because it might bring you happiness too.",open_qa "What is the meaning of ""tidal coupling""?","Nomadism is a way of life in which people don't have a permanent place to live. Instead, they move around a certain area in search of food and grazing land.","Tidal coupling or synchronous rotation is what causes one astronomical object's face to be fixed pointing to another, just as the Moon's visible face is always pointing to the Earth. A coupled object takes the same amount of time to rotate about its axis as it does to translate around its companion. This synchronous rotation, also known as captured rotation or synchronous rotation, causes one hemisphere to point continuously toward the companion object. Normally, only the satellite couples around a larger planet, but if the mass difference between the two bodies and the distance between them is small, both objects may have a reciprocal tidal coupling, as Pluto and Charon do.",closed_qa "Which of the following are cities in Australia: Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, Canberra, Rio de Janeiro, Beijing, Shanghai, New York, Singapore, Germany, United States, Tokyo",,"Cities in Australia include Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, Canberra. However Rio de Janeiro is not in Australia, but in Brazil. Beijing, Shanghai are not in Australia as well, there are in China. Singapore, Germany, United States are not cities, they are countries. Even Singapore is both a country and its only city. New York is in United States. And Tokyo is in Japan.",classification What is a fishing vessel?,"A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river. Many different kinds of vessels are used in commercial, artisanal, and recreational fishing. According to the FAO, in 2004 there were four million commercial fishing vessels. About 1.3 million of these are decked vessels with enclosed areas. Nearly all of these decked vessels are mechanised, and 40,000 of them are over 100 tons. At the other extreme, two-thirds (1.8 million) of the undecked boats are traditional craft of various types, powered only by sail and oars. These boats are used by artisan fishers.","A fishing vessel is a boat or ship that is used for recreational or commercial activities such as fishing, inner-tubing, transportation or just for fun.",information_extraction Who is the main character of Naruto?,"Naruto is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masashi Kishimoto. It tells the story of Naruto Uzumaki, a young ninja who seeks recognition from his peers and dreams of becoming the Hokage, the leader of his village. The story is told in two parts—the first set in Naruto's pre-teen years, and the second in his teens. The series is based on two one-shot manga by Kishimoto: Karakuri (1995), which earned Kishimoto an honorable mention in Shueisha's monthly Hop Step Award the following year, and Naruto (1997).","The main character of Naruto is Naruto Uzumaki, a shinobi of the Hidden Leaf Village. His dream in life is to become the Hokage, the strongest ninja in his village. However, he never achieves this, and dies in his battle again Pain, the leader of the Akatsuki, after attempting to avenge his mentor's death. He is then revived by Obito Uchiha using the rinnegan's powers, which can trade the user's life for another's. Naruto then returns to Pain and uses his infamous talk-no-jutsu to convince Pain to stop being evil, which succeeds.",summarization "Classify each of the following as either a liquid or a solid: puddle, cup, house, dog, bowl, water, juice",,"A puddle, water, and juice are liquids. Cups, houses, dogs, and bowls are solids.",classification "Miles Davis, Rhianna, Elton John, John Coltrane, Taylor Swift, Amy Winehouse, Elvis, Billy Holiday. These are all musicians - list which of these are jazz musicians, and which are not.",,"Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Amy Winehouse and Billy Holiday are considered to be jazz musicians. Rhianna, Taylor Swift, Elvis and Elton John are not jazz musicians.",classification 3 Best TV series in the World,,"1. Dexter 2. Breaking Bad 3. Prison Break",brainstorming How is interest paid on a series I bond?,,"Interest is paid through compounding effect. Unlike most bonds which pay ""coupons"" that are attached to the bond, series I bonds will pay via compounding interest accrued.",open_qa What is the difference between MMA and boxing?,,"Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) is a collective form of martial arts, which can include boxing. On the other hand, boxing is one single form of martial art.",open_qa Give me a list of the top US mobile service providers,,"The top US mobile service providers are: Verizon T-Mobile Sprint AT&T Google Mint Cricket",brainstorming How to get a good Survey for a product,,"Firstly you need to respond to the customer with in SLA and try to engage in all the triaging things you are doing to debug the case. secondly schedule 1-1 with customer to see if this can reproduced in the call. if it is a bug, please raise it with the developer to see if they can fix it. finally build the trust and confidence in the product and try to meet customer expectations.",open_qa Tell me about the history of Data Warehousing. Make it entertaining,,"Data Warehousing is an evolution of data storage that began in the 1960s. The original goal was to store data in a centralized location for easier retrieval and analysis. This was achieved through the development of databases and the introduction of data warehouses. In the early 2000s, data warehousing evolved into a more advanced process that enables organizations to analyze data in real-time and make better decisions. Today, data warehousing is used to store, manage, and analyze data to help organizations make better decisions and improve their business processes.",creative_writing Where do we go when we die?,,"In some religions, it is believed we go to heaven after die. There are passages that talk about the pearly gates and being greeted by St. Peter who will check you into heaven and allow to pass through the gates once vetted. The ancient egyptians believed in three afterlife ideologies; the underworld, eternal life and the rebirth of the soul. However, for the average person today who does not partake in mummification and ancient egyptians, it is widely believed that once the body dies, the soul leaves and goes to a place of peace. In a perfect world, we would be reunited with our loved ones, both human and pet, where we would no longer be in pain and can run free with those we care about most. Alternatively, the more literal answer to this question would be that the physical body either goes into a coffin or some type of container or it is cremated into ashes after death.",open_qa Extract names of song xand the songwriters from the passage and separate them by dot,"""If You Want Me To"" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Joe Diffie. It was released in December 1990 as the second single from his debut album A Thousand Winding Roads. The song reached the Top 5 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart. The song was written by Diffie and Larry Williams.",If you Want Me To.Joe Diffie.Larry Williams,information_extraction What is ICC Men's T20 World Cup?,"The ICC Men's T20 World Cup (earlier known as ICC World Twenty20) is the international championship of Twenty20. Organised by cricket's governing body, the International Cricket Council (ICC), the tournament consists of 20 teams, with top 12 teams from the previous tournament getting automatic qualifications. while the 8 other teams chosen through the Regional Qualifiers The event has generally been held every two years. In May 2016, the ICC put forward the idea of having a tournament in 2018, with South Africa being the possible host, but the ICC later dropped the idea of a 2018 edition at the conclusion of the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy. The 2020 edition of the tournament was scheduled to take place in 2020 in Australia but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the tournament was postponed until 2021, with the intended host changed to India. The tournament was later relocated to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Oman due to problems relating to the COVID-19 pandemic in India, taking place 5 years after the previous (2016) iteration.","The ICC Men's T20 World Cup is the international championship of Twenty20 cricket. In Twenty20 format cricket each match will consist of 2 teams playing maximum of 20 overs each. ICC Men's T20 World Cup tournament generally played with 20 teams, with top 12 teams from the previous tournament getting automatic qualifications, while the remaining 8 teams are chosen through the Regional Qualifiers. Recent tournament was held in 2022 and England was the winner. The next tournament will be hosted in 2024 and hosted by USA and West Indies",information_extraction Summarise why lightweight rowing event was at risk in Olympics,"The first lightweight events were added to the World Championships in 1974 for men and 1985 for women. Lightweight rowing was added to the Olympics in 1996 but this came under threat in 2002 when the Programme Commission of the IOC recommended that, outside combat sports and weightlifting, there should not be weight category events. The executive board overturned this recommendation and lightweight rowing continues at the Olympics, though only in the men's and women's double sculls.",The Programme Commission was of the opinion that only combat sports and weightlifting should have weight categories. No other sport with weight categorisations should be allowed.,summarization Name five fire Pokemon.,,"Five fire pokemon are Rapidash, Magmar, Vulpix, Charmeleon, and Charmander.",open_qa What are fun things to do in New York City,,"1. Plan a trip to Central Park 2. Go shopping on Fifth Avenue 3. Get a New York City Bagel 4. Take the Subway to visit the Statue of Liberty",brainstorming Can you write a post advertising a social event for the end of the year?,,"Are you ready to kickstart this incredible Spring? Come join us in celebrating. Bring your friends, family and whomever else to enjoy fun activities and treats from the city’s finest dessert vendors. In addition to this great event, make sure to see all of the other incredible programming as we head toward the end of the year!",creative_writing Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name},"On August 16, 2014, NBCSN journalist Robin Miller reported that Ed Carpenter would merge his team with Sarah Fisher Hartman Racing, whom he had raced for in 2011; the two teams officially announced the merger at the Milwaukee Mile a week later. The next day, SFHR driver Josef Newgarden was re-signed to a one-year extension to race with CFH. On August 27, the team announced they would run with Chevrolet engines, and a month later, Carpenter confirmed Fuzzy's Award Winning Vodka would follow the team to sponsor the 20. The team made its debut with Carpenter driving in testing for the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company at Indianapolis Motor Speedway from September 23–24, followed by a session at Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course with Newgarden and Mike Conway.","• Robin Miller • Ed Carpenter • Sarah Fisher Hartman • Josef Newgarden • Mike Conway",information_extraction what is the latest top rate of income tax,"Britain's income tax has changed over the years. Originally it taxed a person's income regardless of who was beneficially entitled to that income, but now tax is paid on income to which the taxpayer is beneficially entitled. Most companies were taken out of the income tax net in 1965 when corporation tax was introduced. These changes were consolidated by the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1970. Also the schedules under which tax is levied have changed. Schedule B was abolished in 1988, Schedule C in 1996 and Schedule E in 2003. For income tax purposes, the remaining schedules were superseded by the Income Tax (Trading and Other Income) Act 2005, which also repealed Schedule F. For corporation tax purposes, the Schedular system was repealed and superseded by the Corporation Tax Acts of 2009 and 2010. The highest rate of income tax peaked in the Second World War at 99.25%. This was slightly reduced after the war and was around 97.5 percent (nineteen shillings and sixpence in the pound) through the 1950s and 60s. HM Revenue and Customs has published online a comprehensive set of manuals about the UK tax system. Tax revenues as a percentage of GDP for the UK in comparison to the OECD and the EU 15 In 1971, the top rate of income tax on earned income was cut to 75%. A surcharge of 15% on investment income kept the overall top rate on that income at 90%. In 1974 the top tax rate on earned income was again raised, to 83%. With the investment income surcharge this raised the overall top rate on investment income to 98%, the highest permanent rate since the war. This applied to incomes over £20,000 (equivalent to £221,741 in 2021 terms),. In 1974, as many as 750,000 people were liable to pay the top rate of income tax. Margaret Thatcher, who favoured indirect taxation, reduced personal income tax rates during the 1980s. In the first budget after her election victory in 1979, the top rate was reduced from 83% to 60% and the basic rate from 33% to 30%. The basic rate was further cut in three subsequent budgets, to 29% in 1986 budget, 27% in 1987 and 25% in 1988. The top rate of income tax was cut to 40% in the 1988 budget. The investment income surcharge was abolished in 1985. Subsequent governments reduced the basic rate further, to the present level of 20% in 2007. Since 1976 (when it stood at 35%), the basic rate has been reduced by 15%, but this reduction has been largely offset by increases in national insurance contributions and value added tax. In 2010 a new top rate of 50% was introduced on income over £150,000. Revenue to the Exchequer subsequently went down as top rate earners found methods to avoid taxation. In the 2012 budget this rate was cut to 45% for 2013–14; this was followed by an increase in the tax paid by additional rate taxpayers from £38 billion to £46 billion. Chancellor George Osborne claimed that the lower, more competitive tax rate had caused the increase. In September 2022 the government announced that from April 2023 the top rate of tax would be reduced from 45% to 40% and the basic rate reduced from 20% to 19%. The abolition of the 45% additional rate of tax was subsequently cancelled through measures set out in the 2022's Autumn statement. Business rates were introduced in England and Wales in 1990 and are a modernised version of a system of rating that dates back to the Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601. As such, business rates retain many previous features from, and follow some case law of, older forms of rating. The Finance Act 2004 introduced an income tax regime known as ""pre-owned asset tax"" which aims to reduce the use of common methods of inheritance tax avoidance.","45% above 150,000 as of Aug 2022",information_extraction 5 ways on prem is better than cloud,,"Will have absolute control Will have no external factors It support safety requirements, and have the tools to ensure first-class safety Full control over the data since it is stored locally System can be customised according to your business",brainstorming Which cities can I visit on the west coast of Australia?,,Fremantle and Perth are located on the west coast of the country.,brainstorming "Classify the following as TV Shows or movies: Ted Lasso, Schitt's Creek, The Office, Seinfeld, The Elephant Whisperers, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, Delhi Crime, The Social Network.",,"The classification in order is: 'show', 'show', 'show', 'show', 'movie', 'movie', 'show', 'movie'.",classification Which episodes of season four of Game of Thrones did Michelle MacLaren direct?,,"She directed ""Oathkeeper"" and ""First of His Name"" the fourth and fifth episodes of season four, respectively.",open_qa What are the pros and cons of denormalizing data sets?,,The pro for denormalizing data is to optimize for scan related queries of data and data serving. The con is that denormalization increases data latency due to the re-building of the materialized view.,open_qa Give me a bulleted list of first person shooter games on PS4,,"* Killzone: Shadow Fall * Titanfall 2 * Battlefield V * DOOM Eternal * Call of Duty franchise * Metro Exodus * Destiny 2 * Resident Evil Village * Uncharted 4 * Far Cry 6 * Hunt: Showdown",brainstorming "In the following initial summary of the plot of the series My Hero Academia, what is the secret that Izuku must keep and from whom?","Izuku Midoriya is a young man who dreams of becoming a Hero despite being bullied by his violent childhood friend Katsuki Bakugo for lacking a Quirk. After having a few encounters with his idol, All Might, who is Japan's greatest hero, Izuku is chosen by All Might to inherit his Quirk ""One For All"" (which gives him the ability to endlessly stockpile his raw power) and become his successor, as All Might was severely injured by his arch-nemesis All For One (whose Quirk allows him to steal other Quirks for his use and pass them over to others at his will) and does not have much time left to live. Izuku begins attending the U.A. High School for heroes in training alongside Bakugo and his friends from Class 1-A while keeping his connection with All Might a secret. During the course of the school year, Izuku and his friends work hard to improve themselves and have a few encounters with the League of Villains led by All For One's apprentice Tomura Shigaraki, who desires to kill All Might as part of their plan to take over the world. During one of these encounters, All Might and All For One have one last fight, which ends with All For One defeated and imprisoned, and All Might, having exhausted the last of One For All's power in himself, forced to retire.","Izuku keeps his secret that All Might had chosen Izuku to inherit All Might's Quirk ""One For All"" from Bakugo and Izuku's friends from Class 1-A.",closed_qa Classify each of the following as either a state or a city,,"Virginia, Houston, Florida, Los Angeles, Chicago, Phoenix, California",classification Who is Thor?,"Thor (from Old Norse: Þórr) is a prominent god in Germanic paganism. In Norse mythology, he is a hammer-wielding god associated with lightning, thunder, storms, sacred groves and trees, strength, the protection of humankind, hallowing, and fertility. Besides Old Norse Þórr, the deity occurs in Old English as Þunor, in Old Frisian as Thuner, in Old Saxon as Thunar, and in Old High German as Donar, all ultimately stemming from the Proto-Germanic theonym *Þun(a)raz, meaning 'Thunder'.",Thor is the god of thunder in Norse mythology. He wields a powerful hammer that only he can pick up. Thor has appeared as a character in Marvel comic books since 1962 and in at least 10 movies.,closed_qa What are really considered the Seven Wonders of the World?,,"There is a lot of debate and even different classifications have come up to define what are the actual Seven Wonders of the World. There are some that are considered the Seven Ancient Wonders and there are some that are considered the New Seven Wonders, but there seems to be a definitive list of the Seven Wonders which is the following: The Great Wall of China The Taj Mahal The Colosseum Chichen Itza Machu Picchu Christ the Redeemer Petra",brainstorming What is the Bastille Day?,"Bastille Day is the common name given in English-speaking countries to the national day of France, which is celebrated on 14 July each year. In French, it is formally called the Fête nationale française (French: [fɛt nasjɔnal]; ""French National Celebration""); legally it is known as le 14 juillet (French: [lə katɔʁz(ə) ʒɥijɛ]; ""the 14th of July"").","Bastille Day is the national day in France, celebrated on 14 July each year. It refers to a major event in the French Revolution on 4 July 1789 where revolutionary insurgents took control of the Bastille, the symbol of royal authority and monarchy in the center of Paris.",information_extraction How old is the Greek language?,,"The Greek language is the oldest language in Europe, spoken since 1450 years before Christ. Currently Greek is spoken in Greece, Albania and Cyprus. About 13 million people still speak Greek today and many in the greater diaspora.",open_qa "Classify the following colors as primary or not primary: Red, blue, violet, white, black, green, yellow, orange",,"The primary colors are red, blue and green. The non-primary colors are violet, white, black, yellow and orange.",classification "Given this paragraph about ferrets, do they spend the majority of the time sleeping in a 24 hour day?","Ferrets spend 14–18 hours a day asleep and are most active around the hours of dawn and dusk, meaning they are crepuscular. If they are caged, they should be taken out daily to exercise and satisfy their curiosity; they need at least an hour and a place to play. Unlike their polecat ancestors, which are solitary animals, most ferrets will live happily in social groups. They are territorial, like to burrow, and prefer to sleep in an enclosed area.","Yes, ferrets sleep 14 to 18 hours per day.",closed_qa Give me a list of the best takeaway foods when youre hungry.,,"Burgers, pizza, tacos, sandwiches, pasta and bento boxes.",brainstorming At what age can you get a driver's permit in the state of Washington?,,15,open_qa Give me a bunch of ways that you can get information from a book.,,"There a number of ways to gather information from a book, you can listen to the audiobook version, there are a number of services that provide abridged versions of books that you can try, alternatively you can simply read the book.",brainstorming In 1899 the Eastman company in the USA produced first what,,Kodak 1 - hand held,open_qa What is Sogndal?,"Sogndal is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located on the northern shore of the Sognefjorden in the traditional district of Sogn. The village of Hermansverk is the administrative center of Sogndal municipality. Other villages include Kaupanger, Kjørnes, Fimreite, Nornes, and Fjærland. Sogndal Airport, Haukåsen is located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southwest of Kaupanger.","Sogndal is a small city in southwestern Norway with a population of about 12,000",closed_qa Why Mauritius is famous,,"1. Because it has nice resorts 2. Beaches are very nice 3, Foods are awesome",brainstorming What are foundational models?,,"Foundational Models as the name says can be the foundation for many applications of the AI Model, using self-supervised learning and transfer learning, the model can apply information it learnt about one situation to another. As an example. You learn to drive one car and without too much effort you can drive most of the other cars, even trucks or a bus.",creative_writing "In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Banefort?",,The name nor identity of the Banefort house's founder is unknown. They are only referred to as The Hooded Man.,open_qa "What would be the summary of the story of Oedipus, which serves as the basis for the psychoanalytic theory of the Oedipus complex?","The story of Oedipus is the subject of Sophocles' tragedy Oedipus Rex, which is followed in the narrative sequence by Oedipus at Colonus and then Antigone. Together, these plays make up Sophocles' three Theban plays. Oedipus represents two enduring themes of Greek myth and drama: the flawed nature of humanity and an individual's role in the course of destiny in a harsh universe. In the best-known version of the myth, Oedipus was born to King Laius and Queen Jocasta of Thebes. Laius wished to thwart the prophecy, so he sent a shepherd-servant to leave Oedipus to die on a mountainside. However, the shepherd took pity on the baby and passed him to another shepherd who gave Oedipus to King Polybus and Queen Merope to raise as their own. Oedipus learned from the oracle at Delphi of the prophecy that he would end up killing his father and marrying his mother but, unaware of his true parentage, believed he was fated to murder Polybus and marry Merope, so left for Thebes. On his way, he met an older man and killed him in a quarrel. Continuing on to Thebes, he found that the king of the city (Laius) had recently been killed and that the city was at the mercy of the Sphinx. Oedipus answered the monster's riddle correctly, defeating it and winning the throne of the dead king – and the hand in marriage of the king's widow, who was also (unbeknownst to him) his mother Jocasta. Detail of ancient fresco in which Oedipus solves the riddle of the Sphinx. Egyptian Museum, 2nd c. CE Years later, to end a plague on Thebes, Oedipus searched to find who had killed Laius and discovered that he himself was responsible. Jocasta, upon realizing that she had married her own son, hanged herself. Oedipus then seized two pins from her dress and blinded himself with them. The legend of Oedipus has been retold in many versions and was used by Sigmund Freud to name and give mythic precedent to the Oedipus complex.","Oedipus killed his father and got married to his mother, as announced by the prophecy of the Oracle of Delphi.",summarization "categorize some popular sports as either 'safe', 'not so safe' or 'dangerous'.",,"safe: pingpong, golf, chess, curling, cross county skiing, archery not so safe: soccer, basketball, bicycling, baseball, tenniss dangerous: skiing, surfing, American Football, race car driving, sky diving",classification What is the lowest point on Earth?,,"The Challenger Deep, located in the western Pacific Ocean is the deepest known point of the seabed of Earth, with a depth of 10,902 -10,929 m or 35,768 - 35,856 ft.",open_qa Who finished the Wheel of Time series?,"Sanderson rose to prominence in late 2007 when Harriet McDougal, the wife and editor of author Robert Jordan, chose Sanderson to complete the final books in Jordan's epic fantasy series The Wheel of Time after Jordan's death. McDougal asked Sanderson to finish the series after being deeply impressed by his first Mistborn novel, The Final Empire. Tor Books made the announcement on December 7, 2007. After reviewing what was necessary to complete the series, Sanderson and Tor announced on March 30, 2009, that a final three books would be published instead of just one. The first of these, The Gathering Storm, was published on October 27, 2009, and reached the number-one spot on the New York Times bestseller list for hardcover fiction.Towers of Midnight, the second-to-last Wheel of Time book, was published just over a year after The Gathering Storm on November 2, 2010, debuting at number one on the bestseller list. In early 2013, the series was completed with the publication of A Memory of Light.","The death of Robert Jordan, the original author of the Wheel of Time series, prompted his wife and editor, Harriet McDougal, to find someone to complete her late husband's work. She chose Brandon Sanderson, who had recently released the popular first novel of the Mistborn series, The Final Empire. Sanderson agreed after reviewing Jordan's notes.",closed_qa What was the first commercial relational database product launched in the market?,,"Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle DBMS, Oracle Autonomous Database, or simply as Oracle) is a multi-model database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation. It was the first RDBMS product commercially available in the market in the year 1979.",open_qa "Classify the following as a 'triangle' or 'not a triangle' - equilateral, isosceles, right angled, circle, sphere, scalene, rectangle, square, trapezium.",,"'triangle', 'triangle', 'triangle', 'not a triangle', 'not a triangle', 'triangle', 'not a triangle', 'not a triangle', 'not a triangle'.",classification What are the most successful Premier League football teams?,,"Manchester United, Manchester City, Arsenal and Chelsea are the most successful football teams of the Premier League era.",open_qa Give me five ways in which I can make my homebrew beer more interesting,,"There are infinite ways to create interesting flavours, that are either personal favourites or attempt to replicate classic beers and beer styles. There are a number of factors that make up a beers flavour profile and part of the enjoyment brewing your own beer at home, is that you can play around with each of these to change the flavour and character of your homebrew beer. Here are five ways in which you can change your own homebrew recipe to add interesting flavours or alternatively you can alter an existing homebrew recipe shared by somebody else or a brewery. 1. Use different hops There is a huge variety of hops available to homebrewers and each of these can introduce its own particular flavour and aroma to your beer, ranging from pineapple and apricots, to pine trees and woods, to grapefruit pith and lemon zest. By using a different hop in your recipe either from the same family or from an entirely different family of hops, you can easily add interesting and often radical changes to the flavour profile of your beer. However, depending on when the hops are added in the brewing process, you can also increase/decrease the levels of bitterness of your beer, due to different hop varieties having different levels of alpha acids. 2. Use a different yeast Besides fermenting the beer, yeast leave behind lots of interesting flavours and can give your homebrew it's own subtle character. For example, English yeast strains can add malty and sweet flavours, California yeast tends to create a clean and crisp beer, whilst saison yeast adds bright and fruity flavours to your beer. 3. Use different grains Changing the amount of base malts can increase or decrease the alcohol in your finished beer. Trying swapping one base malt for another, like American pale malts for a British variety, and look for the subtle differences between them. You can also play around with the specialty grains, like using a slightly darker roast. 4. Add fruit, spices or herbs Fruits, spices, herbs, and other ingredients are a great way to add an entirely personal character to your homebrew. Anything from fresh strawberries and basil to vanilla beans and cardamom can really complement the other malty, hoppy flavours in a beer. 5. Alter your water profile Different beer styles will typically be best achieved with a suitable water profile, with different levels of minerals to achieve the desired flavour profile. By adjusting the amounts of specific minerals found in your brewing water, beer can be made to taste fuller bodied, sweeter, drier, more bitter, or even sour.",brainstorming What is the oldest musical composition in the world?,,The Seikilos Epitaph is the oldest musical composition in the world.,open_qa If the sky is the ocean then what is a bird?,,In that analogy a bird would be a fish. There are a lot of similarities between birds and fish. They both have vertebrates and are part of the animal kingdom and belong to the phylum Chordata. They both consume nutrients to survive.,brainstorming "Tell me if these are safe or not safe to let me child play with: the monkey bars, matches, scissors, rock paper scissors, a baseball, the stove, a cooking board game",,"the monkey bars: safe, matches: not safe, scissors: not safe, rock paper scissors: safe, a baseball: safe, the stove: not safe, a cooking board game: safe",classification Give me a bulleted list of tech billionaires.,,"Here is a bulleted list of tech billionaires: - Elon Musk - Bill Gates - Jeff Bezos - Larry Ellison - Steve Ballmer - Larry Page - Zhang Yiming - Michael Dell - Mark Zuckerberg",brainstorming "Segregate the below words as palindrome or not. kayak, deified, rotator, repaper, deed, peep, wow, noon, taste, bait, not, built",,"Palindrome - kayak, deified, rotator, repaper, deed, peep, wow, noon Not a palindrome - taste, bait, not, built",classification "From this list, tell me which are U.S. states: Oregon, Guam, St. Thomas, District of Columbia, Washington, New Mexico, Ohio, Montana, Puerto Rico",,"Oregon, Washington, New Mexico, Ohio, Montana",classification What is John Ellis water and the bond angle of water?,,"Traditional tap and purified water has a hydrogen bond angle of 104 - 104.5 degrees. John Ellis water takes standard tap or purified water and changes the hydrogen bond angle of it from 104 degrees to 113 - 114 degrees. Changing the bond angle is done using multi-pass distillation by rapidly heating and cooling the water inside the boiling chamber. Water consumed with a bond angle above 108° degrees eliminates the effect of potential pathogens in our food supply (e.g. bacterium, viruses, or other microorganisms that can cause disease) from affecting our bodies because more oxygen from the water mixes with the superior blood flow to all the extremities of our body. The larger bond angle enables our bodies to use more of the oxygen present in the water.",open_qa "In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Stark?",,"Brandon Stark, also known as Brandon the Builder and Bran the Builder",open_qa Where did Anne Frank live after her family fled Germany?,,"Anne Frank and her family moved to Amsterdam, Netherlands, where she went to school and later on, they went into hiding for more than two years before they were discovered and brought to Germany.",open_qa Suggest some ways to protect the Earth from an asteroid or comet?,,"Nuke the comet Ram it off course by launching a rocket Use a laser to vaporize it. Break it up by hitting it",brainstorming tell me a way to slice an apple.,,"well, you could slice an apple with a knife, a wire, a sword, a metal sheet, an axe, a gun (with enough bullets...)",brainstorming what is the most important thing large language models can do?,,The most important thing large language models can do is code generation through very good prompt pattern recognition in the LLM. This is amazing because coding now becomes available to non-technical individuals who did not go to school to learn how to code. If you are coding and you get stuck you could technically use a large language model to help you get unstuck in your code development. It's still the early stages for LLM code generation but the results look extremely promising.,open_qa "Categorize the days of the week based on their starting alphabet. Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday",,"S - Sunday, Saturday M - Monday W - Wednesday T - Tuesday, Thursday F - Friday",classification When Joan of Arc was beatified in the famous Notre Dame cathedral in Paris?,,1909,open_qa What example of a cancer could cause blood in the urine?,"Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, is a group of cancers that starts in the kidney. Symptoms may include blood in the urine, lump in the abdomen, or back pain. Fever, weight loss, and tiredness may also occur. Complications can include spread to the lungs or brain.","Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, is a group of cancers that starts in the kidney. Symptoms may include blood in the urine, lump in the abdomen, or back pain. Fever, weight loss, and tiredness may also occur. Complications can include spread to the lungs or brain. The main types of kidney cancer are renal cell cancer (RCC), transitional cell cancer (TCC), and Wilms' tumor. RCC makes up approximately 80% of kidney cancers, and TCC accounts for most of the rest. Risk factors for RCC and TCC include smoking, certain pain medications, previous bladder cancer, being overweight, high blood pressure, certain chemicals, and a family history. Risk factors for Wilms' tumor include a family history and certain genetic disorders such as WAGR syndrome. Diagnosis may be suspected based on symptoms, urine testing, and medical imaging. It is confirmed by tissue biopsy. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Kidney cancer newly affected about 403,300 people and resulted in 175,000 deaths globally in 2018. Onset is usually after the age of 45. Males are affected more often than females. The overall five-year survival rate is 75% in the United States, 71% in Canada, 70% in China, and 60% in Europe. For cancers that are confined to the kidney, the five-year survival rate is 93%, if it has spread to the surrounding lymph nodes it is 70%, and if it has spread widely, it is 12%. Kidney cancer has been identified as the 13th most common form of cancer, and is responsible for 2% of the world's cancer cases and deaths. The incidence of kidney cancer has continued to increase since 1930. Renal cancer is more commonly found in populations of urban areas than rural areas.",information_extraction "Tell me whether each company is based inside or outside of the USA: Uber, Grab, Samsung, Meituan, Exxon, Amazon, Roche",,"Uber: Inside USA Grab: Outside USA Samsung: Outside USA Meituan: Outside USA Exxon: Inside USA Amazon: Inside USA Roche: Outside USA",classification Where are Himayalas located?,"The Himalayas, or Himalaya (/ˌhɪməˈleɪ.ə, hɪˈmɑːləjə/; Sanskrit: [ɦɪmaːlɐjɐ]; from Sanskrit himá 'snow, frost', and ā-laya 'dwelling, abode'), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the planet's highest peaks, including the very highest, Mount Everest. Over 100 peaks exceeding 7,200 m (23,600 ft) in elevation lie in the Himalayas.","The Himalayan mountain range is located in South East Asia. It spans India, Pakistan and Nepal.",closed_qa Why zurich is so beautiful,,"Because of it's lake, The most beautiful place in Zurich",brainstorming "Classify each of these car manufacturers as either French, German, American, Japanese, or other: Lexus, Hyundai, Alfa Romeo, VW, Honda, GM, Citroen",,"French: Citroen German: VW American: GM Japanese: Lexus, Honda other: Hyundai, Alfa Romeo",classification what are different types of phrases,,"Noun, Verb, Adverb, Adjective, preposition",open_qa Who is John Schneider,,"John Schneider is an actor, theatre director, playwright, and musician based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He is currently the Arts and Entertainment Editor for the Shepherd Express and a theatre arts professor at Marquette University.",open_qa Steps to apply LLM & Other Law Programs,,"Create an account Arrange to have your official academic records sent to LSAC Request letters of recommendation Register for an English proficiency exam (if applicable) Apply to law schools electronically Purchase CAS Reports through your account Monitor your file status through your account",brainstorming Who is best Alexa or Siri,,Alexa has more power as it can be connected most of the 3rd party devices where Siri has it's own eco system to work,brainstorming Give me a list of Serie A winners in the last 5 years.,,"2021-2022: AC Milan 2020-2021: Inter 2019-2020: Juventus 2018-2019: Juventus 2017-2018: Juventus",brainstorming Why is NFL football called football when players use their hands mainly?,,Sports historians have no clear answer. The current form of football evolved from the 1800s based on rugby and the rules were heavy on a lot of running. My opinion is that influenced the sport and the football word came into origin.,creative_writing Who invented cement that could be set underwater?,,The Romans were the first to make cement that could set in water,open_qa Who wrote the Man in the Iron Mask,,Alexander Dumas,open_qa Give me a numbered list of five great fictional books.,,"1. Little Women 2. Pachinko 3. East of Eden 4. To Kill a Mockingbird 5. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone",brainstorming What is the future trend of job industry,,More of cloud Machine learning AI security dive into these industries to be on top notch,brainstorming Make a bullet list of some different ways that a kid can make some money,,"- Lemonade Stand - Mowing lawns - Garage Sale - Babysitting",brainstorming "How are the characters Balrog, Vega and M. Bison connected in Street Fighter II?","Balrog, an American boxer with a similar appearance to Mike Tyson. Called M. Bison in Japan. Once one of the world's greatest heavyweight boxers, he began working for Shadaloo for easy money. Vega, a Spanish bullfighter who wields a claw and uses a unique style of ninjutsu. Called Balrog in Japan. He is vain and wishes to eliminate ugly people from the world. Sagat, a Muay Thai kickboxer from Thailand and former World Warrior champion from the original Street Fighter. He was once known as The King of Street Fighters until he got demoted as The King of Muai Thai in his own tournament due to a narrow defeat at the hands of Ryu's shoryuken (rising dragon punch) which left a deep gash across his chest. Ever since that moment he felt disgrace, and will do anything to have a grudge match with Ryu to get his title back, even if it takes joining forces with Shadaloo. M. Bison, the leader of the criminal organization Shadaloo, who uses a mysterious power known as Psycho Power, and the final opponent of the game. Called Vega in Japan.","Balrog, an American boxer who resembles Mike Tyson, is called M. Bison in Japan. Vega, a Spanish bullfighter with a claw is called Balrog in Japan. M. Bison, the final opponent of the game, is called Vega in Japan.",summarization What are the fastest growing cities in the US in 2023?,,"1) Fort Myers, FL 2) North Port, FL 3) Winter Haven, FL 4) New Braunfels, TX 5) Port St. Lucie, FL 6) Dayton Beach, FL 7) Edinburg, TX 8) Madera, CA 9) Palm Bay, FL 10) Roseville, CA",brainstorming What were the first ten states to enter the union of the United States?,,"In order of admission: Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, and Virginia.",open_qa Propose a text about young boy that wanted to fly his kite over the skyscrapers. Make this a very positive story with a twist,,"Bob is a fun a loving kid that spends lots of his free time outdoors. Whenever there is a good wind he takes his kite, a gift from his dad, and goes out to play and fly. One day his dad was going to a very big city to talk with some of his partners. Bob got immediately very excited. It was his dream to take his kite and fly it from one of the very big and tall buildings. His dad made this all happen. Together with his son they went on the roof and played with the kite.",creative_writing Who are the Wagner group,"The Wagner Group (Russian: Группа Вагнера, tr. Gruppa Vagnera), also known as PMC Wagner (Russian: ЧВК «Вагнер», tr. ChVK «Vagner»; lit. 'Wagner Private Military Company'), is a Russian paramilitary organization. It is variously described as a private military company (PMC), a network of mercenaries, or a de facto private army of Russian President Vladimir Putin. The group operates beyond the law in Russia, where private military contractors are officially forbidden",They are a private military organization that is endorsed by Russian President Vladimir Putin and is being used in the ongoing war against Ukraine.,closed_qa What are some places to visit in Anchorage?,,"Anchorage has a great food scene. Restaurants and breweries include Moose's Tooth, Spenard Roadhouse, and 49th State Brewing. Cafes include Kaladi Brothers and Steamdot. Bakeries include Fire Island Rustic Bakeshop, and Wild Scoops is a great ice cream shop.",brainstorming Give me a list of the most realistic action movies ever seen,,"Blackhawk Down, Heat, John Wick",brainstorming "During Passover, what are some distinctions of what is and is not Kosher?",,"Typically, there are two main branches of Judaism based on geography. Ashkenazy, predominately from Europe, and Sephardic, non-European. Overall grain is prohibited and many other items they may be unholy for the 8 day period. However, within the Sephardic tradition, certain allowances are made that are not observed by Ashkenazy, such as beans and corn. In some practices, dependent on the degree of religious practice, the observant will share the tradition of the community in which they reside rather than the geographical definition.",open_qa where does the word dynamite come from?,,The greek word for Power is where dynamite originates from,open_qa "Classify the following literals as strings or ints: ""a"", """", ""0"", 0, 0xasdf, ""0xasdf""",,"In many programming languages, string literals are surrounded by double quotes. That means that ""a"", """", ""0"", and ""0xasdf"" are strings, while 0 and 0xasdf are int literals.",classification "Given this plot summary from The Night Buffalo, what caused Manuel to discover these occurrences caused by his late friend?","The Night Buffalo (orig. Spanish El Búfalo de la Noche) is a novel by Guillermo Arriaga. Plot summary After Gregorio commits suicide, his friend Manuel finds himself unraveling his late friend’s world, and what led him to suicide. Gregorio’s tortuous relationship with his girlfriend is now inherited by Manuel; he becomes involved with his late friend’s girlfriend. Gregorio has missed appointments, left strange messages, and has been harassed by a vengeful policeman.","Gregorio committed suicide, this caused Manuel to go down a path of discoveries uncovering what led him to suicide.",closed_qa What colour usually is the wax surrounding Edam cheese?,,The colour usually is yellow or orange.,open_qa How do you care for a dog?,,"Dogs are often described as a man's best friend. I have had a dog in my life since I was a young child. My father had a dog that he hunted birds alongside. We have had dogs that live indoors with the family and outdoors in their own doghouse. We have raised puppies from our dogs and given them away to friends and neighbors. Dogs provide a lot of love and companionship to everyone in the family and they can be as beloved as any human. Dogs take a great deal to care for because they are completely dependent on humans to keep them alive. A dog left out in the wild is unlikely to survive without help from a caring human. Dogs must be fed, watered, walked for exercise, socialized with other dogs and with other people as well so that they feel safe and interact safely with others. Dogs can live to between 10 and 15 years old on average so they are with a family for a long time. Dogs come in all shapes, sizes, colors, skills and are often referred to as breeds. Breeds have different characteristics and people sometimes select a dog for the breed. Sometimes dogs are neglected or left without a family to care for them and end up in temporary homes called animal shelters. These shelters provide a safe haven for a dog until a suitable owner is matched. Many of the best dogs that a family gets come from a shelter.",open_qa "Choose the word which is different from the rest: Trigger, Muzzle, Pallete, Barrel, Bullet",,All except Pallete are parts of a gun,classification who are the greatest Raider players,,"Jim Otto, Ken Stabler, Cliff Branch, Tim Brown, Marcus Allen",open_qa "Given the reference text about the city of Cologne and its wildlife, can I expect to see any cats in Cologne?","Cologne is the largest city of the German western state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and 3.6 million people in the urban region. Centered on the left (west) bank of the Rhine, Cologne is about 35 km (22 mi) southeast of NRW's state capital Düsseldorf and 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Bonn, the former capital of West Germany. Wildlife The presence of animals in Cologne is generally limited to insects, small rodents, and several species of birds. Pigeons are the most often seen animals in Cologne, although the number of birds is augmented each year by a growing population of feral exotics, most visibly parrots such as the rose-ringed parakeet. The sheltered climate in southeast Northrhine-Westphalia allows these birds to survive through the winter, and in some cases, they are displacing native species. The plumage of Cologne's green parrots is highly visible even from a distance, and contrasts starkly with the otherwise muted colours of the cityscape.","Although, the passage about the wildlife in the city of Cologne does not mention cats, it is possible to encounter cats in Cologne since it is very common for people in western cultures to own cats and let them outside on their own. The reason cats are not mentioned in the passage is that cats are not considered wildlife but pets. This, of course, excludes species of ""large cats"" such as lions or tigers which you would typically not encounter in a city, unless you go to the zoo.",closed_qa What is the biggest dog breed in the world?,,"The great dane, originated from Germany. It is one of the two largest dog breeds together with the Irish Wolfhound.",open_qa Where does the word plumbing originate from?,,"""Plumbing"" originates from the original name for Lead (Pb), Plumbum, which is what most pipes were made from at the time.",open_qa What are the words of House Merryweather?,,"""Behold Our Beauty""",open_qa What are three effective approaches to improve weight loss?,,"1. Maximizing your potential through hormone replacement therapy will improve your ability to recover faster, improve your sleep, and improve your workout intensity. 2. Along with a consistent and ridged workout regimen of 4-5x per week, it's important get plenty of sleep and drink 1-2 liters of water per day. 3. Maximizing your diet through grass fed animal proteins and other whole foods while avoiding processed foods that contain seed oils, natural flavors, added sugar, and other additives is a great way to start your weight loss journey.",brainstorming "In Abrahamic religions, how many major commandants did Moses receive at Mt Sinai?",,Moses received ten major commandments,open_qa Who won the World Chess Championship in 2021?,,Magnus Carlsen defeated Ian Nepomniachtchi 7.5 - 3.5 to become the 2021 World Chess Champion.,open_qa Where is k-38 surf spot located?,,Baja California,open_qa Why Maldives is so famous,,Resorts are known for water villas and all inclusive services,brainstorming Which NFL franchise was ripped away from hits hometown and renamed the Baltimore Ravens?,,Cleveland Browns,open_qa Write a motivating note to a friend who wants to lose weight,,"There are three parts to achieving any goal you set for yourself: 1. Vision : Visualize your ideal end goal (lose 25 pounds!) 2. Action : Set up a daily plan of action (walk every day for 60 minutes, give up ice cream) 3. Celebration : Plan an amazing celebration when you reach your goal (and yes, with ice cream!)",creative_writing What motivates a chief executive officer?,,"Revenue and platform or product consumption and scalability motivate chief technology officers (CEOs). It is the quickest way to achieve company exponential growth. Strategic vision with laser focus execution focus items that drive company growth also motivate CEOs. Having a team of world-class employees who help to deliver the strategic vision, and product platform scalability and consumption that increases revenue also motivates CEOs.",open_qa Can Solar panels help you maintain power during a storm ?,,It would really depend on how much cloud coverage you are getting but your panels should be able to generate some power.,brainstorming Give me a list of the subjects I need to learn to become a telecommunication engineer,,"The list of subjects you need to learn depends on the specific task and the level of the job, but in general the following list can be a good starting point: -- signals and systems -- probability -- linear algebra",brainstorming Who is the most famous left-handed baseball player?,,Babe Ruth,open_qa How is Toshiyuki written?,"Toshiyuki can be written using different combinations of kanji characters. Here are some examples: 敏幸, ""agile, happiness"" 敏行, ""agile, go"" 敏之, ""agile, of"" 敏志, ""agile, determination"" 敏恭, ""agile, respectful"" 俊幸, ""talented, happiness"" 俊行, ""talented, go"" 俊之, ""talented, of"" 俊志, ""talented, determination"" 俊恭, ""talented, respectful"" 利幸, ""benefit, happiness"" 利行, ""benefit, go"" 利之, ""benefit, of"" 寿幸, ""long life, happiness"" 寿行, ""long life, go"" 寿之, ""long life, of"" 年幸, ""year, happiness"" 年行, ""year, go"" 年之, ""year, of"" The name can also be written in hiragana としゆき or katakana トシユキ.",Toshiyuki can be written using different combinations of kanji characters.,closed_qa Name some of the bravolebrities from Summer house,,"Amanda Batula, Andrea Denver, Carl Radke, Ciara Miller, Danielle Olivera, Kyle Cooke, Lindsay Hubbard, Luke Gulbranson, Mya Allen and Paige DeSorbo",open_qa What are the top 3 GDP countries in 2022?,,"They are the United States ($20.89 trillion), China ($14.72 trillion), and Japan ($5.06 trillion).",open_qa "Given this paragraph about Mark Arminski, why was he famous and what did he study last while still at school?","Mark Arminski is an American rock concert poster artist born in 1950 in Detroit, Michigan. He began studying art at the Oakland Community College and pursued printmaking in stone lithography at the Kalamazoo Institute of Arts. Rounding out his formal education was his stay at the Dynamic Graphics Education Foundation in Peoria, Illinois, where he studied computer generated art.",Mark Arminski is an American rock concert poster artist. He finished his formal education studying computer generated art.,closed_qa What is COCOMO,The Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) is a procedural software cost estimation model developed by Barry W. Boehm. The model parameters are derived from fitting a regression formula using data from historical projects (63 projects for COCOMO 81 and 163 projects for COCOMO II).,COCOMO is a software cost/effort estimation tool built on regression algorithm,summarization Who wrote the children's novel Swallows and Amazons,,Arthur Ransom,open_qa What kind of socks do grizzlies wear?,,"None, they have bear feet!",open_qa Give me a bulleted list of the seven more recent Indian Prime Ministers,,"- Narendra Modi (2014– ) - Manmohan Singh (2004–14) - Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1998–2004; 2nd time) - Inder K. Gujral (1997–98) - H.D. Deve Gowda (1996–97) - Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1996; 1st time) - P.V. Narasimha Rao (1991–96)",brainstorming What's it like to live in the belly of a whale?,,"The giant whale that can swallow a human (Blue Whale) doesn't have teeth, so the experience was ""painless."" However, you would never understand how dark the darkness could be until you've been in the belly of a whale. Also, talk about being seasick. Everything inside sloshes around and smells terribly as it's slowly being digested. This only adds insult to injury when it comes to feeling nauseous.",creative_writing Give me a bulleted list of all artists that performers on the Trolls World Tour Soundtrack.,"Trolls World Tour: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2020 DreamWorks Animation film Trolls World Tour, released by RCA Records on March 13, 2020. The soundtrack is produced primarily by singer-songwriter Justin Timberlake. The singles ""The Other Side"" by SZA and Timberlake and ""Don't Slack"" by Anderson .Paak and Timberlake were released prior to the album. Background As well as reprising his voice role as Branch in the sequel, Justin Timberlake also served as executive producer for its soundtrack, as he did on the original film's soundtrack, released in 2016. He revealed a handwritten list of the tracks on the soundtrack on his social media on February 13, also tagging the major artists featured on it. Following the plot of the film, in which the Trolls from the first film discover that Trolls around the world are divided by six different types of music (pop, funk, classical, techno, country, and rock), the soundtrack features songs in those genres. Track listing No. Title Writer(s) Producer(s) Length 1. ""The Other Side"" (SZA and Justin Timberlake) Solána RoweSarah AaronsJustin TimberlakeLudwig GöranssonMax Martin TimberlakeGöransson 3:08 2. ""Trolls Wanna Have Good Times"" (Anna Kendrick, Justin Timberlake, James Corden, Ester Dean, Icona Pop, Kenan Thompson and The Pop Trolls) ThompsonBernard EdwardsChristopher HartzDmitry BrillHerbie HancockLady Miss KierGöranssonNile RodgersQ-TipRobert HazardTowa Tei Göransson 3:25 3. ""Don't Slack"" (Anderson .Paak and Justin Timberlake) TimberlakeBrandon AndersonGöransson TimberlakeAnderson .PaakGöransson 2:54 4. ""It's All Love"" (Anderson .Paak, Justin Timberlake, Mary J. Blige and George Clinton) AndersonJames FauntleroyJoseph ShirleyGöransson ShirleyGöransson 3:35 5. ""Just Sing (Trolls World Tour)"" (Justin Timberlake, Anna Kendrick, Kelly Clarkson, Mary J. Blige, Anderson .Paak and Kenan Thompson) TimberlakeAaronsGöranssonMartin TimberlakeGöransson 3:34 6. ""One More Time"" (Anthony Ramos) Thomas BangalterGuy-Manuel de Homem-ChristoAnthony Moore Göransson 2:42 7. ""Atomic Dog World Tour Remix"" (George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic, Anderson .Paak and Mary J. Blige) ClintonDavid SpradleyGarry ShiderAnderson ClintonShirleyGöransson 4:17 8. ""Rainbows, Unicorns, Everything Nice"" (Walt Dohrn and Joseph Shirley) Aidan Jensen Göransson 0:12 9. ""Rock N Roll Rules"" (Haim and Ludwig Göransson) Alana HaimDanielle HaimEste HaimGöransson Göransson 3:10 10. ""Leaving Lonesome Flats"" (Dierks Bentley) Chris StapletonTimberlake TimberlakeGöransson 3:10 11. ""Born to Die"" (Kelly Clarkson) StapletonTimberlake TimberlakeGöransson 3:26 12. ""Trolls 2 Many Hits Mashup"" (Anna Kendrick, Justin Timberlake, James Corden, Icona Pop and The Pop Trolls) Anslem DouglasArmando PerezDonnie WahlbergDan HartmanEmma BuntonYoo Gun-hyungPark Jai-sangDavid ListenbeeMark WahlbergMatthew RoweMelanie BrownMelanie ChrisholmPeter SchroederBiff StannardSandy WilhelmStefan GordySkyler GordyFaheem Najm Göransson 1:01 13. ""Barracuda"" (Rachel Bloom) Ann WilsonMichael DerosierNancy WilsonRoger Fisher Göransson 4:06 14. ""Yodel Beat"" (Ludwig Göransson) Göransson Göransson 2:50 15. ""Crazy Train"" (Rachel Bloom) Ozzy OsbourneRandy RhoadsBob Daisley Göransson 3:15 16. ""I Fall to Pieces"" (Sam Rockwell) Hank CochranHarlan Howard Göransson 2:14 17. ""Perfect for Me"" (Justin Timberlake) TimberlakeKenyon DixonGöransson TimberlakeGöransson 3:47 18. ""Rock You Like a Hurricane"" (Bloom) Herman RarebellKlaus MeineRudolf Schenker Göransson 3:05 19. ""It's All Love (History of Funk)"" (George Clinton, Mary J. Blige, Anderson .Paak) AndersonFauntleroyShirleyGöransson ShirleyGöransson 2:10 20. ""Just Sing (Trolls World Tour)"" (Justin Timberlake, Anna Kendrick, James Corden, Kelly Clarkson, George Clinton, Mary J. Blige, Anderson .Paak, Rachel Bloom, Kenan Thompson, Anthony Ramos, Red Velvet, Icona Pop and Sam Rockwell) S. RoweTimberlakeAaronsGöranssonMartin TimberlakeGöransson 4:00 Total length: 60:00","• (SZA and Justin Timberlake) • (Anna Kendrick, Justin Timberlake, James Corden, Ester Dean, Icona Pop, Kenan Thompson and The Pop Trolls) • (Anderson .Paak and Justin Timberlake) • (Anderson .Paak, Justin Timberlake, Mary J. Blige and George Clinton) • (Trolls World Tour)"" (Justin Timberlake, Anna Kendrick, Kelly Clarkson, Mary J. Blige, Anderson .Paak and Kenan Thompson) • (Anthony Ramos) • (George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic, Anderson .Paak and Mary J. Blige) • (Walt Dohrn and Joseph Shirley) • (Haim and Ludwig Göransson) • (Dierks Bentley) • (Kelly Clarkson) • (Anna Kendrick, Justin Timberlake, James Corden, Icona Pop and The Pop Trolls) • (Rachel Bloom) • (Ludwig Göransson) • (Rachel Bloom) • (Sam Rockwell) • (Justin Timberlake) • (Bloom) • (George Clinton, Mary J. Blige, Anderson .Paak) • (Justin Timberlake, Anna Kendrick, James Corden, Kelly Clarkson, George Clinton, Mary J. Blige, Anderson .Paak, Rachel Bloom, Kenan Thompson, Anthony Ramos, Red Velvet, Icona Pop and Sam Rockwell)",summarization Why Men love whisky,,Because whisky is Manly.,brainstorming Best TV shows I've ever seen.,,"Here is a list of the best TV shows I've ever seen: Succession, Yellowstone, The Last of Us, Emily in Paris, Grey's Anatomy, The OC, Outer Banks, You, Vanderpump Rules, How I Met your Mother, Peaky Blinders, Game of Thrones, Girls, The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel, Sex in the City, Gossip Girl, Gilmore Girls, and One Tree Hill,",brainstorming Why do human beings react slow on climate changes?,,People think it’s not hurting them on short notice and therefore don’t want to invest in it,open_qa "Given a reference text about IMDB, tell me how it rates movies.","As one adjunct to data, the IMDb offers a rating scale that allows users to rate films on a scale of one to ten. IMDb indicates that submitted ratings are filtered and weighted in various ways to produce a weighted mean that is displayed for each film, series, and so on. It states that filters are used to avoid ballot stuffing; the method is not described in detail to avoid attempts to circumvent it. In fact, it sometimes produces an extreme difference between the weighted average and the arithmetic mean.","IMDB allows users to submit their reviews and ratings. As the most extensive internet movie database and the 54th most visited website across the planet, the scale of reviews and ratings collected for movies is massive. IMDB uses various mathematical calculations to determine the rating of movies. Many users decide whether to spend time and money on a film solely on ratings from IMDB. Because of IMDB's scale and impact, it is now a subsidiary of Amazon.",closed_qa What type of jacket do grizzlies usually wear?,,"Grizzlies are bears typically found in North America. Bears are animals that are covered in fur and usually live in the woods. Because they are covered in fur and live in the woods, it is unnecessary for bears to wear jackets. To date, bears have not shown the capacity to be able to create cloth or sew jackets, so they would have to get them from humans. Humans are usually afraid of bears and are not likely to approach a bear with a jacket. Therefore bears usually do not wear jackets.",open_qa "Write an e-mail to the office asking employees to clean their coffee mugs rather than leave them in the sink. It should be polite, but express some annoyance.",,"Hello fellow coffee-drinkers, I love drinking coffee like you, but, I also don't like seeing a bunch of dirty mugs piling up in the sink. We do not have cleaning staff to clean them up during the day. Your coworkers have been cleaning up after you. Please rinse any used coffee mugs and put them in the dishwasher like you do at home! Thank you!",creative_writing "Are these blue or red colors? Pink, navy, maroon, mahogany, teal, sky, robin, scarlet",,"Pink: red, navy: blue, maroon: red, mahogany: red, teal: blue, sky: blue, robin: blue, scarlet: red",classification "True or false, Chesapeake Bay Crab Spice are a flavor of Lays potato chip?",,"As hard as it may be to believe, Chesapeake Bay Crab Spice is a Lays potato chip flavor.",classification Name five NBA teams in the Eastern Conference.,,"Five NBA teams in the Eastern Conference are the Chicago Bulls, Orlando Magic, Cleveland Cavaliers, Miami Heat, and Toronto Raptors.",open_qa How many sexes are there and how many genders are there and what's the difference?,,"There are two sexes - male and female, and three genders - male, female, and other. The other gender includes non-binary genders, such as agender, genderqueer, androgynous, and intersex. There are many different gender identities, including male, female, transgender, gender neutral, non-binary, agender, pangender, genderqueer, two-spirit, third gender, and all, none or a combination of these.",brainstorming Why Cancun is famous,,Cancun has some best resorts in the World with all inclusive food and beverage with Private beach,brainstorming Name some of the bravolebrities from Below Deck,,"Captain Lee Rosbach, Chef Rachel Hargrove, Stew Fraser Olender and former Chief Stew Kate Chastain",open_qa What are three ways of drying clothes.,,1. You could air dry clothes after washing 2. You could use a dryer 3. You could also have the clothes dry cleaned,brainstorming What is a p-value in statistics?,,"In statistics, a p-value is used to test the significance of the hypothesis. It indicates the probability that the results were obtained by chance alone. A small p-value indicates that it is very unlikely that the observed result came about by chance. However, whether an alternative hypothesis with a p-value of less than 0.05 should be accepted without providing further evidence is controversial. Therefore, to properly quantify the statistical significance of results, contextual factors must also be considered, such as the quality of the measurements, the external evidence, and the validity of the assumptions underlying the data analysis.",open_qa "Of the following, which are colors of a rainbow: black, red, white, gold, purple, orange, green, blue, yellow, gray",,"Red, purple, orange, green, blue, yellow",classification Extract the names of all of the albums that Taylor Swift has released. Separate them with a comma.,"Swift signed a record deal with Big Machine Records in 2005 and released her eponymous debut album the following year. With 157 weeks on the Billboard 200 by December 2009, the album was the longest-charting album of the 2000s decade. Swift's second studio album, Fearless (2008), topped the Billboard 200 for 11 weeks and was the only album from the 2000s decade to spend one year in the top 10. The album was certified Diamond by the RIAA. It also topped charts in Australia and Canada, and has sold 12 million copies worldwide. Her third studio album, the self-written Speak Now (2010), spent six weeks atop the Billboard 200 and topped charts in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Her fourth studio album, Red (2012), was her first number-one album in the United Kingdom. It topped charts in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, and spent seven weeks at number one on the Billboard 200. Swift scored her fourth US number-one album with 1989 (2014), which topped the Billboard 200 for 11 weeks and was certified 9× Platinum by the RIAA. It topped the charts in other countries including Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Her sixth studio album, Reputation (2017), made Swift the first music artist to have four consecutive albums each sell over one million copies within its debut week. It spent four weeks atop the Billboard 200. Exiting Big Machine, Swift signed with Universal Music Group label Republic Records in 2018. Her seventh studio album, Lover (2019), was the year's global best-selling album by a solo artist. Swift released two studio albums in 2020, Folklore and Evermore, which respectively spent eight and four weeks atop the Billboard 200. Swift released two re-recorded albums, Fearless (Taylor's Version) and Red (Taylor's Version), in 2021, after a dispute with Big Machine over the rights to the masters of her first six albums; the former was the first re-recorded album to top the Billboard 200. Swift's tenth original studio album, Midnights (2022), became her fifth to sell over a million US first-week copies; It was also the first album to sell over a million physical sales since 2015.","Taylor Swift, Fearless, Speak Now, Red, 1989, Reputation, Lover, Fearless, Folklore, Evermore, Fearless (Taylor's Version), Red (Taylor's Version), Midnights",information_extraction Why pink Floyd is so famous,,Because of their psychedelic song,brainstorming What is solar minimum and how it is related to sun cycle?,,Sun has a cycle that lasts on an average of 11 years,open_qa During which decade did neural networks first lead to practically useful systems?,"The development of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) very-large-scale integration (VLSI), in the form of complementary MOS (CMOS) technology, enabled increasing MOS transistor counts in digital electronics. This provided more processing power for the development of practical artificial neural networks in the 1980s. From 1988 onward, the use of neural networks transformed the field of protein structure prediction, in particular when the first cascading networks were trained on profiles (matrices) produced by multiple sequence alignments.","The development of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) very-large-scale integration (VLSI), in the form of complementary MOS (CMOS) technology, enabled the development of practical artificial neural networks in the 1980s",closed_qa "Write a story about somebody, anybody, nobody and everybody",,"One day, a mysterious stranger arrived in the village. He was a man of many faces, and he had a story to tell. He told them of his journeys and his adventures, and his tales of the world beyond. The villagers were entranced by his stories and his tales of the world beyond. And so, from that day on, the villagers and the stranger became best friends. They laughed and talked and explored the world together. They were one big family, and they shared their stories with each other. The stranger's tales inspired the villagers and gave them hope and courage. They could see the world beyond their village and they could make their own stories. The stranger taught them to dream and to follow their hearts. He showed them that anything was possible, and he taught them to be brave and to never give up. And so, the villagers and the stranger became the best of friends. They were no longer strangers, but they were family. And from that day on, the village was a place of beauty and peace.",brainstorming What is the process by which utilities rates are set in the US,"Utility ratemaking is the formal regulatory process in the United States by which public utilities set the prices (more commonly known as ""rates"") they will charge consumers. Ratemaking, typically carried out through ""rate cases"" before a public utilities commission, serves as one of the primary instruments of government regulation of public utilities.","The price of a utility's products and services will affect its consumption. As with most demand curves, a price increase decreases demand. Through a concept known as rate design or rate structure, regulators set the prices (known as ""rates"" in the case of utilities) and thereby affect the consumption. With declining block rates, the per-unit price of utility consumption decreases as the energy consumption increases. Typically a declining block rate is offered only to very large consumers. If conservation is the goal, regulators can promote conservation by letting prices rise. A third possible rate design is a flat rate which charges the same price for all consumption.",summarization What is best creator's platform,,Youtube. Youtube should be best creator platform,brainstorming Why do you love travelling,,Because it keeps you going? It will give you enough O2 to live!,brainstorming "Based on this passage, in what field did Raisa earn her PhD?","In June 1955, Gorbachev graduated with a distinction; his final paper had been on the advantages of ""socialist democracy"" (the Soviet political system) over ""bourgeois democracy"" (liberal democracy). He was subsequently assigned to the Soviet Procurator's office, which was then focusing on the rehabilitation of the innocent victims of Stalin's purges, but found that they had no work for him. He was then offered a place on an MSU graduate course specializing in kolkhoz law, but declined. He had wanted to remain in Moscow, where Raisa was enrolled in a PhD program, but instead gained employment in Stavropol; Raisa abandoned her studies to join him there.","Based on this passage, Raisa did not earn a PhD. She abandoned her graduate studies in Moscow in order to join Gorbachev in Stavropol.",closed_qa "Given a reference text about the adverse affects of Foley catheters, please list the main risks.","Catheterized bladders become colonized by microorganisms very quickly, with a daily incidence of 3-10%; after four days, between 10-30% of patients develop bacteriuria. Whilst the presence of a catheter does increase the incidence of bloodstream infections secondary to a urinary origin, there is a huge amount of unnecessary, and likely harmful, antimicrobial prescribing on the basis of detection of asymptomatic bacteriuria. The industry is moving to silver-coated catheters in an attempt to reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections, although there is limited evidence of efficacy. An additional problem is that Foley catheters tend to become coated over time with a biofilm that can obstruct the drainage. This increases the amount of stagnant urine left in the bladder, which further contributes to urinary tract infections. When a Foley catheter becomes clogged, it must be flushed or replaced. There is currently not enough adequate evidence to conclude whether washouts are beneficial or harmful. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foley_catheter","The risks of a Foley catheter include urinary tract and bloodstream infections. In addition, overprescribing of medications to treat infections leads to what is likely additional risk.",closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Auto-harp, Saxophone",,"Auto-harp is string, Saxophone is woodwind.",classification Name some of the best overall philosophical books,,"Meditations by Marcus Aurelius. Man's Search for Meaning by Viktor Frankl. The Daily Stoic by Ryan Holiday. The Story of Philosophy by Will Durant. The Republic by Plato. Discourses by Epictetus. The Last Lecture by Randy Pausch. Letters from a Stoic by Seneca.",open_qa "It's your child's birthday, write a message on social media to express your happiness and celebrate their special day",,"Today is a very special day for my family - it's my kid's birthday! I wanted to make the day extra special by baking a cake myself, but with work keeping me busy, it was a bi of a challenge. As a mom, I know that spending with family is just as important as any professional responsibilities I may have. So here's to my little one on her special day, and to all the parents out there trying to juggle work and family life. We're doing the best we can, and that's something to be proud of.",creative_writing Who is considered the G.O.A.T. in basketball?,,"Michael Jordan, Lebron James, Kobe Bryant",open_qa What is Docker?,,"Docker takes away repetitive, mundane configuration tasks and is used throughout the development lifecycle for fast, easy and portable application development – desktop and cloud. Docker’s comprehensive end to end platform includes UIs, CLIs, APIs and security that are engineered to work together across the entire application delivery lifecycle.",brainstorming "Classify each of the following as either an insect or a worm: tequila worm, silk worm, glow worm, inchworms, earthworms, tapeworm, hookworm, liver fluke, threadworm",,"Both worms and insects are invertebrates in the animal kingdom, meaning they do not have backbones. Tapeworms, hookworms, liver flukes, and threadworms are examples of intestinal worms. Earthworms are also worms. Tequila worms, silkworms, glow worms, and inchworms are not worms. They are insects. Silkworms, for example, are the larva of silk moths.",classification What should be your day to day creator device ?,,"1. Iphone pro max 2. DJI OSMO pocket 2 DJI is such an awesome device to shoot as it has it's gimble and easy to operate. The video quality is actually nice",brainstorming Which season three episode did Alik Sakharov direct in Game of Thrones?,,"Alik Sakharov directed the season three episode ""The Climb""",open_qa Where is Amazon rainforest located?,"The Amazon rainforest, also called Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 km2 (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 km2 (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories. The majority of the forest, 60%, is in Brazil, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Four nations have ""Amazonas"" as the name of one of their first-level administrative regions, and France uses the name ""Guiana Amazonian Park"" for French Guiana's protected rainforest area. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees in about 16,000 species.[","The Amazon jungle is located in South America. It is spanned across Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia and Ecuador",closed_qa What is the next big thing after cloud computing ?,,Consensus suggests that Edge commuting with be the next big technology to compliment cloud compute.,brainstorming "As an immigrant , do you miss your country?",,"As an immigrant, it feels like you are away from your family. It feels like you work hard to give good life to your family. But with all that sacrifice you want to give best of both worlds to your kid. But when you hear news like shootings in school, as an immigrant we get afraid. I wish if there is a world which is so beautiful that people love each other. They care for each other. There are no rules that always keep you at the edge if you have to uproot your family from one country to another because of visa restrictions and what not. As an immigrant we want to raise our child in the best way possible. I am still looking for such a place on earth. If anyone of you are aware of such a place, please let me know., I hope the world in its entiriety becomes a peaceful, happy clean place to live.",creative_writing "Categorize each of the following with their associated holiday, either ""Christmas"", ""Easter"" or ""Halloween"". Bunny, egg, cobwebs, candy bucket, candy basket, lights, Santa",,"Bunny: Easter, egg: Easter, cobwebs: Halloween, candy bucket: Halloween, Candy basket: Easter, lights: Christmas, Santa: Christmas",classification Which languages are spoken in Morocco,"Morocco's official languages are Arabic and Berber. The country's distinctive group of Moroccan Arabic dialects is referred to as Darija. Approximately 89.8% of the whole population can communicate to some degree in Moroccan Arabic. The Berber language is spoken in three dialects (Tarifit, Tashelhit and Central Atlas Tamazight). In 2008, Frédéric Deroche estimated that there were 12 million Berber speakers, making up about 40% of the population. The 2004 population census reported that 28.1% of the population spoke Berber. French is widely used in governmental institutions, media, mid-size and large companies, international commerce with French-speaking countries, and often in international diplomacy. French is taught as an obligatory language in all schools. In 2010, there were 10,366,000 French-speakers in Morocco, or about 32% of the population.",Morocco's official languages are Arabic and Berber. French is widely used in governmental institutions and media. English and Spanish are also used a lot in Morocco.,summarization "Classify each of these European territories following as a country or capital: Amsterdam Andorra Andorra la Vella Athens Austria Belarus Belgium Belgrade Berlin Bern Bosnia and Herzegovina Bratislava Brussels Bucharest Budapest Bulgaria Chisinau Copenhagen Croatia Czechia Denmark Dublin Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Helsinki Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kiev Latvia Liechtenstein Lisbon Lithuania Ljubljana London Luxembourg Luxembourg Madrid Malta Minsk Moldova Monaco Monaco Montenegro Moscow Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Oslo Paris Podgorica Poland Portugal Prague Reykjavik Riga Romania Rome Russia San Marino San Marino Sarajevo Serbia Skopje Slovakia Slovenia Sofia Spain Stockholm Sweden Switzerland Tallinn Ukraine United Kingdom Vaduz Valletta Vienna Vilnius Warsaw Zagreb",,"Country: Albania Andorra Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom Capital: Capital: Tirana Andorra la Vella Vienna Minsk Brussels Sarajevo Sofia Zagreb Prague Copenhagen Tallinn Helsinki Paris Berlin Athens Budapest Reykjavik Dublin Rome Riga Vaduz Vilnius Luxembourg Valletta Chisinau Monaco Podgorica Amsterdam Skopje Oslo Warsaw Lisbon Bucharest Moscow San Marino Belgrade Bratislava Ljubljana Madrid Stockholm Bern Kiev London",classification Why german cars are best?,,"1. They are perfect build quality 2. Engine is refined.",brainstorming Is Seattle a nice place to live?,"Seattle came in at No. 39 in the 2023 World's Best Cities Report, a comprehensive annual study by Resonance Consultancy. Seattle is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States. The culture of Seattle is heavily defined by its significant musical history. Between 1918 and 1951, nearly 24 jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District to the Central District. The jazz scene nurtured the early careers of Ernestine Anderson, Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, and others. The city is also the origin of rock acts such as Foo Fighters, Heart, and Jimi Hendrix, as well as the grunge subgenre of rock and its pioneering bands Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, Nirvana, and Soundgarden. The city itself is hilly, though not uniformly so. Like Rome, the city is said to lie on seven hills; the lists vary but typically include Capitol Hill, First Hill, West Seattle, Beacon Hill, Queen Anne, Magnolia, and the former Denny Hill. Due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, Seattle is in a major earthquake zone. Temperature extremes are moderated by the adjacent Puget Sound, greater Pacific Ocean, and Lake Washington. Thus extreme heat waves are rare in the Seattle area, as are very cold temperatures (below about 15 °F (−9 °C)). The Seattle area is the cloudiest region of the United States, due in part to frequent storms and lows moving in from the adjacent Pacific Ocean. With many more ""rain days"" than other major American cities, Seattle has a well-earned reputation for frequent rain. Seattle's economy is driven by a mix of older industrial companies and ""new economy"" internet and technology companies, as well as service, design, and clean technology companies.",Yes,closed_qa What are the best places to eat and top Japanese sushi restaurant in San Mateo?,,The best Japanese Restaurant in San Mateo are Sushi Sam and Sushi Maruyama,open_qa Extract the majors of Suzanne Collins from the text. Separate them with a comma.,"Collins graduated from the Alabama School of Fine Arts in Birmingham in 1980 as a Theater Arts major. She completed her bachelor of arts degree from Indiana University Bloomington in 1985 with a double major in theater and telecommunications. In 1989, Collins earned her Master of Fine Arts in dramatic writing from the New York University Tisch School of the Arts.","Theater Arts, Theater, Telecommunications, Fine Arts in dramatic writing",information_extraction Write a grocery list of typical items a person might get from the grocery store.,,"The items a person might need from the grocery store will vary on the dietary needs of the person, as well as the amount of people in the household the person is shopping for, and if they're shopping for a special event or just for regular daily meals. With that in mind, here are some typical grocery shopping items that a person might get from a typical grocery shopping trip: milk, bread, eggs, coffee, olive oil, rice, chicken, steak, apples, oranges, salad mix, soda, sugar, flour, salt.",creative_writing Extract what is Top Gun,"The United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program (SFTI program), more popularly known as Top Gun (stylized as TOPGUN), is an American military program that teaches fighter and strike tactics and techniques to selected naval aviators and naval flight officers, who return to their operating units as surrogate instructors.","The United States Navy Fighter Weapons School was established on 3 March 1969, at Naval Air Station Miramar, California. The unit's purpose was to train fighter air crews in all aspects of fighter weapons systems and the art of aerial combat. It serves to build a nucleus of eminently knowledgeable fighter crews to construct, guide, and enhance weapons training cycles and subsequent aircrew performance. This select group acts as the F-4 community’s most operationally orientated weapons specialists. Top Gun's efforts are dedicated to the Navy’s professional fighter crews, past, present and future.",information_extraction Write an email to a landlord asking to replace a kitchen sink,,"Hi Landlord, Hope this finds you well. We’ve been thinking about upgrading the kitchen sink (https://www.costco.com/.product.100689380.html). If we were to buy this, would you have a guy who could install it? And depending on the cost we could split the difference? Let me know if that’s something you’re open to! Best, Will",creative_writing "Which of the following are US presidents and which are Hollywood actors: Jimmy Carter, George Washington, Denzel Washington, Daniel Day Lewis, Abraham Lincoln, and Ronald Reagan.",,"The presidents are: George Washington, Jimmy Carter, Abraham Lincoln, and Ronald Reagan. The Hollywood actors are: Daniel Day Lewis, Denzel Washington, and Ronald Reagan, who was an actor prior to becoming president.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Dhimay, Swarabat",,"Swarabat is string, Dhimay is percussion.",classification Can AI systems fall in love?,,"AI, unlike humans, has no emotions or feelings. It does, however, have the unique ability to perceive and analyze human sentiments from vast amounts of data on which it has been trained. It can even outperform humans when it comes to mimicking and reproducing these emotions in a more efficient and effective manner. While AI does not experience emotions in the same way that humans do, it is still capable of understanding and replicating them in a remarkable and unprecedented way.",open_qa "I have a vegan friend coming over for dinner, which of the items in my kitchen can I use to make vegan food: chicken, kale, lettuce, honey, eggplant, tomato, rice, cheese, yoghurt, ice-cream and chocolate.",,"To prepare a vegan meal you will be able to use any items that do not contain animal products. From the list provided, you can use: lettuce, eggplant, tomato and rice.",classification What are four different recipes that you can make with Brussels Sprouts?,,"1. You can make roasted Brussels Sprouts by cooking them in the oven at 400 degrees Fahrenheit for about 20 minutes. 2. You can make a shaved Brussels sprouts salad using raw Brussels sprouts, sunflower seeds, dried cranberries, parmesan cheese, and a lemon mustard vinaigrette. 3. You can saute Brussels sprouts with bacon and onions.",brainstorming What are the words of House Bulwer?,,"""Death Before Disgrace""",open_qa "Which of these were summer olympic sports in 2020: tennis, cheerleading, chess, boxing, basketball, ski jumping",,"Tennis, boxing, basketball",classification Top 5 movies that I would love to watch over and over again,,"1. The Shawshank Redemption 2. Forrest Gump 3. Its wonderful life 4. Life Is Beautiful 5. A beautiful mind",brainstorming Which F1 drivers race for Red Bull Racing in the 2023 season?,,Max Verstappen and Sergio Perez,open_qa Who spoke at NYU's 2022 commencement?,,Taylor Swift spoke at NYU's 2022 commencement.,open_qa Give me a list of adjectives that describe the ideal friend.,,"A great friend would be trustworthy, honest, loyal, funny, humble, smart, empathetic, and beautiful.",brainstorming Give me a list of some best Action movies,,"Some of the action movies that never gets old are 1. The Dark Knight: Its not just another Batman but some people consider it the best Batman and Joker movie 2. The Lord of the Rings: It is a movie of three parts sequence, so a great candidate for binge watching over a weekend. However, ""The Return of the King"" might be considered the best one of all. 3. ""The Matrix"" series: This Keanu Reeves classic is a must watch that only grows better with age like a good wine. 4. Terminator 2: Judgement Day: Well o well. This movie is a great blend of sci-fi and action and one of its kind in early 90s movie. 5. Gladiator: This box office hit is a drama all around life of a general turned Gladiator, Maximus. Goosebumps guaranteed.",brainstorming Write a letter from the perspective of a potential home buyer to a home owner about wanting to buy the home.,,"Dear home owner, You have a beautiful home and as a home buyer, I am very interested in purchasing this home from you. I have been on the market to buy a home for a long time, but until now, I have not found a home that fits my criteria. Your home meets everything I am looking for and I hope you will accept my offer.",creative_writing Tell me about the Boxer dog,,The Boxer was originally bred in Germany as a working breed. They are considered great family dogs.,open_qa Why Indians are so beautiful,,Indians have many culture and the color of Asian subcontinent skin is makes them looks exceptional. Indian are Vibrant,brainstorming List some capital cities that begin with the letter S.,,"Capital cities starting with the letter ""S"" include; San Marino, Santiago, Seoul, Singapore, Stockholm and Sydney.",brainstorming Describe what it feels like as the last person standing on Earth.,,"I am alone. Desolate. Lonely. I am feeling lost and cannot believe all of mankind has been extinguished, yet here I stand. The solitude will kill me before I starve from the lack of food and water. I cannot bear to understand what this will mean for me as I go about things on my own, forever and a day. The only consolation is that I have a couple of animals with me, that I can talk to and not lose the language of love and kindness. It is a formidable notion to know and then understand that you are the last man standing on this planet, with no one to turn to, or find comfort in, or hug, or kiss and embrace. These feelings of never again are overwhelming and depressing. How will I move forward?",creative_writing "Map the following models sold in the UK to either the Ford or Vauxhall brands: Escort, Cavalier, Nova, Ka",,"The Ka and Escort models were sold by Ford, and Cavalier and Nova were Vauxhall models.",classification "which weighs more, a pound of bricks or a ton of feathers?",,"A ton is more than a pound, so a ton of feathers weighs more than a pound of bricks.",creative_writing What are the five best Kim Stanley Robinson novels?,,"1) Aurora - a unique and depressing take on interstellar colonization. 2) The Years of Rice and Salt - the Iroquois team up with a samurai warrior in the 17th Century. 3) Red Mars - the descriptions of life in the early days of Martian colonization are fascinating. 4) 2312 - after reading this book, you will want to live inside an asteroid. Somehow, Kim Stanley Robinson turned space into 1970s Berkley, CA. 5) The Ministry for the Future - a scary but very hopeful book about global warming.",brainstorming What are the benefits of a water rower machine?,,The main benefit of a water rower is that it provides a full body workout in just 20 minutes or less. The two other ways that a water rower is commonly considered superior to a standard rower by Concept2 and other competitors is that it sounds like an oar moving through the water as opposed to a loud fan when in use and the hardwood device looks more like a nice piece of furniture.,brainstorming "Identify which of these animals live in water and which live on land: elephants, wolves, sharks, dolphins, cows, raccoons, pigs.",,"From the list provided, only sharks and dolphins live in water. The rest live on land: elephants, wolves, cows, raccoons, pigs.",classification Which is the oldest dynasty still ruling?,,Japan,open_qa How did Rotisserie baseball become popular?,"Rotisserie baseball, nicknamed roto, proved to be popular despite the difficulties of compiling statistics by hand, which was an early drawback to participation. The traditional statistics used in early rotisserie leagues were often chosen because they were easy to compile from newspaper box scores or weekly information published in USA Today.[citation needed] Okrent credits the idea's rapid spread to the fact that the initial league was created by sports journalists, telling Vanity Fair in 2008 that ""most of us in the league were in the media, and we got a lot of press coverage that first season. The second season, there were rotisserie leagues in every Major League press box."" According to Okrent, rotisserie baseball afforded sportswriters the opportunity to write about baseball-related material during the 1981 Major League Baseball strike, saying ""the writers who were covering baseball had nothing to write about, so they began writing about the teams they had assembled in their own leagues. And that was what popularized it and spread it around very, very widely.""",Rotisserie baseball became popular because it allowed sportswriters to write about baseball during the 1981 Major League Baseball strike.,summarization "You are getting ready for your soccer game and look into your soccer bag. Which of the following items are part of your soccer equipment: cleats, boots, tights, jersey, swimsuit, milk, carrots, water, shin guards, socks, folder, racket, glove",,"soccer equipment: cleats, boots, jersey, water, shin guards, socks, ball",classification What was the first toy to be advertised on television?,,Mr Potato Head.,open_qa What are 6 different reasons to go on vacation?,,"1. re-connect with you partner 2. spend time with your children 3. learn a new culture 4. address burnout you are feeling in your regular life 5. learn a new language 6. eat delicious food",brainstorming do successful companies become public?,,yes,open_qa What is a mutual fund?,,A mutual fund is a type of investment that includes a well diversified pool of stocks across a broad range of industry verticals. Many investors invest in mutual funds and usually stay in them for the long term. It is a good idea to diversify a stock portfolio like a 401k with mutual funds that have annual percentage return on the average of about 10% - 12%. This is great way to get a good return on your money without having to actively manage your brokerage account.,open_qa Give me a list of the best romantic comedies,,"-My Big Fat Greek Wedding -How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days -Clueless -13 Going On 30 -She's The Man -Just Go With It -The Sweetest Thing -Set It Up",brainstorming "In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Seaworth?",,"Davos Seaworth is the founder of House Seaworth, a knighthood that was granted after Robert's Rebellion",open_qa what is snow skiing,"Skiing is the use of skis to glide on snow. Variations of purpose include basic transport, a recreational activity, or a competitive winter sport. Many types of competitive skiing events are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and the International Ski Federation (FIS).",skiing is a form of outdoor winter sport. Done in the mountains. You can ski on piste and off piste.,closed_qa What did José María Arizmendiarrieta do?,"In 1941, a young Catholic priest, José María Arizmendiarrieta settled in Mondragón, a town with a population of 7,000 that had not yet recovered from the poverty, hunger, exile, and tension of the Spanish Civil War. In 1943, Arizmendiarrieta established a technical college which became a training ground for managers, engineers and skilled labour for local companies, and primarily for the co-operatives.","José María Arizmendiarrieta was a Catholic Preist who settled in Mondragón, a town with a population of 7,000 that had not yet recovered from the poverty, hunger, exile, and tension of the Spanish Civil War.",closed_qa Why indian Marriage is so long process,,1. Its an ancient process to get married and go through all rituals for Indians. So it takes time. Because they pray for so long in a Marriage,brainstorming What nationality was Morse inventor of the famous code,,American,open_qa Why is LaSalle Street in Chicago important?,,"There could be many answers to this question as many people, businesses, and organizations call LaSalle Street their home and various historical events have transpired on and around LaSalle Street in Chicago. A notable usage of LaSalle Street was in the filming of Batman: The Dark Knight and Ferris Bueller's Day Off. LaSalle Street is home to the Chicago Board of Trade building which is a center of commerce and finance for the city of Chicago and the international financial markets.",open_qa In the english language what is alliteration?,,"Alliteration as I learned it in school from my second grade teacher is the repetition of consonant vowels sounds at the beginning of words and the end of sentences. An example of alliteration is the following ""people are so perplexing when they are pushy.""",open_qa Why Interlaken is famous,,Because of it's beautiful village. There are many wonderful scenic village adjacent to mountains and fountains.,brainstorming What year was the Ice Bowl played in?,,"Often called ""The Ice Bowl"", the 1967 NFL Championship was a game between the Dallas Cowboys and the Green Bay Packers. The game was played in frigid conditions, at a temperature of −15 °F (−26 °C) before wind chill.",brainstorming Who was Jacques Malouin,"Jacques Malouin (February 1, 1826 – November 30, 1901) was a lawyer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Quebec-Centre in the House of Commons of Canada from 1877 to 1882 as an Independent member. He was born in Quebec City, Lower Canada, the son of François-Xavier Rinfret dit Malouin and Marguerite Falardeau. Malouin was admitted to the bar in 1847. He was married twice: to Marie-Angélique Suzor in 1852 and then to Alvine Morriset. Malouin was first elected to the House of Commons in an 1877 by-election held after Joseph-Édouard Cauchon was named Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba. He was elected again in 1878 but was defeated by Joseph-Guillaume Bossé when he ran for reelection in 1882. Malouin was a member of the council of the Quebec bar and served as bâtonnier in 1869 and 1877. He died in Quebec City at the age of 75. His son Arthur Cyrille Albert Malouin also represented Quebec-Centre in the House of Commons and later served in the Supreme Court of Canada.","Jacques Malouin (February 1, 1826 – November 30, 1901) was a lawyer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Quebec-Centre in the House of Commons of Canada from 1877 to 1882 as an Independent member.",summarization "Based on this article, what was the relationship between Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah and Alauddin Mujahid Shah?","Mohammed Shah I (reigned 1358–1375) was the second ruler of the Bahmani Sultanate, a late medieval kingdom of India. He succeeded his father Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah. His reign was marked by a series of wars between his kingdom and two neighboring kingdoms, the Vijayanagara and the Warangal under Kapaya Nayaka. He was succeeded by his son Alauddin Mujahid Shah.",Alauddin Mujahid Shah was the grandson of Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah by his son Mohammed Shah I.,closed_qa Why Netherland is famous?,,Because it's known for a nice country,brainstorming Why Bollywood is so famous,,Because of all famous actor and female actor and their famous Bollywood movies which earns billions of Rupees,brainstorming What is the company zoom?,,Zoom is a video communication protocol used by many companies today. Zoom has been used by school to conduct at home schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic. Zoom is also used by big Fortune 500 corporations to conduct business meetings internally with employees and externally with customers and other accounts. The virtual interaction offered by zoom is a great alternative to save costs on in-person meetings where physical travel is required. The company was founded in 2011 and has about 8500 employees as of 2023.,open_qa "Without quoting from the text, can you summarise from wikipedia who Denis-Benjamin Viger was?","Denis-Benjamin Viger (French pronunciation: ​[dəni bɛ̃ʒamɛ̃ viʒe]; August 19, 1774 – February 13, 1861) was a 19th-century politician, lawyer, businessman in Lower Canada. He was a leader in the Patriote movement. Viger was part of the militia in the early 19th century and then a captain in the War of 1812. He retired from the militia in 1824 with the rank of major.","Denis-Benjamin Viger was a Canadian 19th century politician, lawyer and businessman who lead the Patriote movement.",summarization How would you describe Dance?,"Dance is an art form consisting of sequences of body movements with aesthetic and often symbolic value, either improvised or purposefully selected.[nb 1] Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire of movements, done simultaneously with music or with instruments; or by its historical period or place of origin.","Dance is an art consisting of precision sequence of body movements either improvised or intentionally selected. Dance can be described by the category of choreography and repertoire of movements done simultaneously with music or with instruments. It can also be defined by its historical period or place of origin. Students studying the performing art of dance often attend a Dance conservatory or university. An example of a highly regarded dance conservatory is Point Park University in Pittsburgh, Pa.",information_extraction Is euthanasia ethical?,,"Euthanasia or mercy killing, is an act of doctor assisted suicide and withdrawing of medical care. Some proponents ascribe to the right of dignity in life and death. However, valid arguments are to be made that misuse of the law can cause unintended deaths and will then be homicides. This topic is controversial",creative_writing What does non subjective mean?,,"Subjectiveness has an element of personal opinion, emotion and/or feelings, bias in response to question that invokes an answer based on your personal experience. Non subjectivity deals with being objective. Objectiveness deals with facts that are true based on historical data. There is no bias in objectiveness.",open_qa Is a vitamin d supplement good for you?,,When taken on a regular basis Vitamin D helps support immune health and cellular activity. It has also been show to support cardiovascular function is some people and can reduce your risk for multiple sclerosis. You can also get Vitamin D by spending plenty of time in sun. You can absorb Vitamin D from a healthy dose of sunshine through your skin too.,open_qa What are the benefits of collaborating on a tech blog with your customers?,,It will improve visibility of the product. It will help with your customers' career. It will benefit other customers with related use cases.,brainstorming Why USA is best ?,,Because USA is powerful and give respect and Wealth and health benefits to all of their citizen,brainstorming Which dog would make the best pet?,,"Dogs are by far the most popular pets, humans and dogs have been living side by side for thousands of years. Choosing the right breed of dog for you will require that you consider several factors such as your lifestyle, family needs, and the space you have available. There are small, medium, and large breeds for example Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, Dachshund, Poodle, French Bulldog, Spaniel and Pomeranian. Research further the many breeds of dogs, their characteristics and temperaments to find the right dog for you.",brainstorming What is the mascot of Stanford University?,,The mascot of Stanford is a redwood tree.,open_qa What are possible alliances for the future of AI?,,"Possible alliances could be based on use case, strategic fit, capability, and alignment. For example, an alliance with Amazon could enhance the use of AI as a personal home assistant, especially for seniors, as the population of many countries ages. Furthermore, alliances with manufacturing groups such as whirlpool could further integrate the home assistance.",brainstorming "Classify the following as either memoir, autobiography or biography: Einstein: The Life and Times by Ronald William Clark, The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank, Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant by Ulysses S. Grant, Confessions of a Bookseller by Shaun Bythell, Benjamin Franklin: An American Life by Walter Isaacson, H is for Hawk by Helen Macdonald, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin, Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela.",,"The following are memoirs: Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant by Ulysses S. Grant, Confessions of a Bookseller by Shaun Bythell, H is for Hawk by Helen Macdonald. The following are autobiographies: The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin, Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela. The following are biographies: Einstein: The Life and Times by Ronald William Clark, Benjamin Franklin: An American Life by Walter Isaacson.",classification What is the best private Jesuit research university in Boston ?,"Boston College (BC) is a private Jesuit research university in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. Founded in 1863, the university has more than 9,300 full-time undergraduates and nearly 5,000 graduate students. Although Boston College is classified as an R1 research university, it still uses the word ""college"" in its name to reflect its historical position as a small liberal arts college. Its main campus is a historic district and features some of the earliest examples of collegiate gothic architecture in North America. In accordance with its Jesuit heritage, the university offers a liberal arts curriculum with a distinct emphasis on formative education and service to others. Undergraduate admission is highly selective. The university offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees through its eight colleges and schools: Morrissey College of Arts & Sciences, Carroll School of Management, Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Connell School of Nursing, Graduate School of Social Work, Boston College Law School, Boston College School of Theology and Ministry, Woods College of Advancing Studies. Boston College athletic teams are the Eagles. Their colors are maroon and gold and their mascot is Baldwin the Eagle. The Eagles compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference in all sports offered by the ACC. The men's and women's ice hockey teams compete in Hockey East. Boston College's men's ice hockey team has won five national championships. Alumni and affiliates of the university include governors, ambassadors, members of Congress, scholars, writers, medical researchers, Hollywood actors, and professional athletes. Boston College has graduated 3 Rhodes, 22 Truman, and more than 171 Fulbright scholars. Other notable alumni include a U.S. Speaker of the House, a U.S. Secretary of State, and chief executives of Fortune 500 companies.",Boston College is the best Jesuit private university in Boston.,closed_qa Why can't the whole world be 2 countries?,,The whole world cannot be split into two countries because it would be impossible to maintain the balance of power between the two countries.,brainstorming What is the Baur au Lac,"Baur au Lac is a luxury hotel at Talstrasse, Zürich, Switzerland. The hotel was founded in 1844 by Johannes Baur, and is still owned by the Baur family. It was completely renovated between 2008 and 2010. It is a member of the Leading Hotels of the World marketing organisation.","The Baur au Lac is a luxury hotel at Talstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland. The hotel was founded in 1844 by Johannes Baur, and is still owned by the Baur family. It was completely renovated between 2008 and 2010. It is a member of the Leading Hotels of the World marketing organisation. It is beautifully located, directly at the wonderful lake of Zurich in Switzerland",summarization How do i accept the change,,Embrace the change and see the difference,brainstorming "Given a reference text about the Spellenspektakel, tell me where it takes place and what games are played.","The Spellenspektakel is the largest board game convention in the Netherlands, featuring game demonstrations, tournaments and other game related activities. It focusses on traditional strategy boardgames, collectible card games, pen-and-paper role-playing games and miniatures wargames. Game publishers participate by showing and demonstrating their new releases to the public. Additionally, the Spellenspektakel hosts numerous game stores and player communities. Visitors can try any game on display and buy the ones they prefer. During the 2019 edition at the Jaarbeurs venue in Utrecht, the Spellenspektakel welcomed over 14,000 people",The Spellenspektakel takes place in the Netherlands where board games are played.,closed_qa are GSIs important to being a global company,,yes,open_qa What did Special Agent Fox Mulder study when he was in university?,,"Fox Mulder, a main character on the TV show ""The X-Files,"" studied at Oxford University and majored in psychology.",open_qa Summarise the biography of Andrew Huberman and his most popular achievements.,"Andrew D. Huberman is an American neuroscientist and tenured associate professor in the department of neurobiology and psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine who has made contributions to the brain development, brain plasticity, and neural regeneration and repair fields. Much of his work is focused on the visual system, including the mechanisms controlling light-mediated activation of the circadian and autonomic arousal centers in the brain, as well as brain control over conscious vision or sight.[better source needed] Huberman has been credited with coining the term ""Non-Sleep Deep Rest"" (NSDR), which he earlier referred to as Yog Nindra, which is to practices that place the brain and body into shallow sleep to accelerate neuroplasticity and help offset mental and physical fatigue.[better source needed] Graduate and postdoctoral research From 1998 to 2000, Huberman worked in the laboratory of Irving Zucker, as well as working with Marc Breedlove, at University of California, Berkeley, as part of a team that defined how early androgen exposure impacts development, and he performed the first experiments defining the structure of binocular visual pathways that set the circadian clock in the hypothalamus. From 2000 to 2004, working as a PhD student in the laboratory of Barbara Chapman at the Center for Neuroscience at the University of California, Davis, Huberman discovered that neural activity and axon guidance molecules work in concert to ensure proper wiring of binocular maps in the brain. Huberman was a Helen Hay Whitney postdoctoral fellow researcher in the laboratory of Ben A. Barres from 2005 to 2010. Huberman was an assistant professor of neurobiology and neuroscience at University of California, San Diego, from 2011 to 2015. His lab pioneered using genetic tools to study the visual system function, development and disease. Among the Huberman Lab's discoveries was the finding that specific types of retinal neurons degenerate early in glaucoma a common blinding disease depleting sight in over 70 million people, for which there is no cure. After moving to Stanford in 2016, Huberman discovered and published the use of non-invasive methods such as visual stimulation to enhance regeneration of damaged retinal neurons, leading to partial recovery from blindness, especially when the stimulation is paired with specific forms of gene therapy. The work was covered extensively in the popular press, including Time magazine and Scientific American and is part of the National Eye Institute's Audacious Goals Initiative to restore vision to the blind[citation needed]. The Huberman Lab extended those findings to develop a human clinical trial using virtual reality technology to stimulate regeneration and plasticity of damaged retinal and other visual system neurons. In 2017, the Huberman Lab created a virtual reality platform for probing the neural mechanisms underlying pathological fear and anxiety. That work involved collecting 360-degree video of various fear-inducing scenarios such as heights and claustrophobia as well as atypical fear-inducing situations such as swimming with great white sharks. The Huberman VR platform is aimed at making discoveries that will lead to developing new tools for humans to adjust their state in order to promote adaptive coping with stress. The first installment of that work was published in Current Biology, in 2021 as a collaboration with neurosurgeon and neuroscientist Edward Chang (UCSF), wherein they reported that specific patterns of insular cortex brain activity correlate with and may predict anxiety responses. In May, 2018, Huberman Laboratory published an article in the journal Nature reporting its discovery of two new mammalian brain circuits: one that promotes fear and paralysis, and another that promotes ""courageous""/confrontational reaction, to visually-evoked threats. That discovery prompted the now ongoing exploration of how these brain regions may be involved in humans suffering from anxiety-related disorders such as phobias and generalized anxiety. In 2020, Huberman initiated a collaboration with the laboratory of David Spiegel in the Stanford Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, to systematically study how particular patterns of respiration (i.e., breathing/breathwork) and the visual system influence the autonomic nervous system, stress, and other brain states, including sleep. In 2021, Huberman launched the ""Huberman Lab"" podcast with the goal of translating neuroscience into tools that can be applied in everyday life. It is a top podcast on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. He was originally inspired to start the podcast after his appearance on the Lex Fridman Podcast. Huberman also covers the evidence on supplements which include Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma Longifolia), Fadogia Agrestis and many others.","Andrew Huberman is a neuro scientists, currently working as a professor at Stanford school of medicine. He is focused on visual system and a pioneer in the field. He also runs ""Huberman Lab"" podcast which is very successfull on Apple podcasts and Spotify.,",summarization Why it's important to keep positive,,Being positive will not let you think any negative stuffs. They will always keep you on track to accomplish your task,brainstorming Who was Beethoven?,"Ludwig van Beethoven[n 1] (baptised 17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire and span the transition from the Classical period to the Romantic era in classical music. His career has conventionally been divided into early, middle, and late periods. His early period, during which he forged his craft, is typically considered to have lasted until 1802. From 1802 to around 1812, his middle period showed an individual development from the styles of Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and is sometimes characterized as heroic. During this time, he began to grow increasingly deaf. In his late period, from 1812 to 1827, he extended his innovations in musical form and expression.",Beethoven was a German composer and pianist known for his famous symphonies such as Moonlight Sonata.,closed_qa Who was the first American to win a Nobel Peace?,,Theodore Roosevelt,open_qa "Who is the author of books ""It Starts With Us"" and ""It Ends With Us""?",,"Colleen Hoover is the author of bestselling books ""It Starts With Us"" and ""It Ends With Us"".",open_qa What are the key components to landscaping?,"Landscaping requires both study and observation, and the process varies in different parts of the world. Landscaping varies according to different regions. Therefore, normally local natural experts are recommended if it is done for the first time. Understanding of the site is one of the chief essentials for successful landscaping. Different natural features and phenomena, like the position of the Sun, terrain, topography, soil qualities, prevailing winds, depth of the frost line, and the system of native flora and fauna must be taken into account","Landscaping is a blend of art and science. In order to be a proficient landscaper, one must scientifically understand which types of plants react to which types of elements and conditions. In order to create a thriving landscape, the science must make sense amongst these elements for the ecosystem to thrive. Landscaping is also artistic in the sense of creating something that fits into the surroundings and is pleasing to the eye. The best landscapers understand the science and also have an artistic ability to express beauty.",summarization Why Bangalore is so popular,,"It's the best IT sector in India It has some awesome colleges and pubs and brews",brainstorming What is F1 or Formula 1 racing?,"Formula One (more commonly known as Formula 1 or F1) is the highest class of international racing for open-wheel single-seater formula racing cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The FIA Formula One World Championship has been one of the premier forms of racing around the world since its inaugural season in 1950. The word formula in the name refers to the set of rules to which all participants' cars must conform. A Formula One season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix. Grands Prix take place in multiple countries and continents around the world on either purpose-built circuits or closed public roads.",Formula 1 is the best and most technical open-wheel single-seater racing car form. It is very technical because the cars are built with the latest and bleeding technology in aerodynamics and every other field in science to make the car as fast as possible. The races happen every year across all the continents on dedicated circuits or public roads converted to a race track for the race weekend.,information_extraction What hit song that was used in the Bollywood movie Don actually a reject from an earlier movie.,,The song 'Khaike Pan Banarasi Wala' was actually written for the movie Banarasi Babu for Dev Anand. However Dev Anand did not use it in his movie. So it was picturized on Amitabh Bacchan in the movie Don.,open_qa What is the most prominent street in Copenhagen Denmark?,"Bredgade (lit. ""Broad Street"") is one of the most prominent streets in Copenhagen, Denmark. Running in a straight line from Kongens Nytorv for just under one kilometre to the intersection of Esplanaden and Grønningen, it is one of the major streets in Frederiksstaden, a Rococo district laid out in the middle of the 18th century to commemorate the tercentenary of the House of Oldenburg's accession to the Danish throne. It is lined with a number of fine mansions as well as other historic buildings. Many law firms, trade unions, fashion stores and art galleries are based in the street.",Bredgade is the most prominent street in Denmark. It was created in the middle of the 18th century to commemorate teh House of Oldenburg's ascension to the Danish throne.,information_extraction "Given a reference text about the Queen Isabella Memorial Bridge, tell me how long it is and when it opened.","Queen Isabella Memorial Bridge was developed as a concrete pier-and-beam bridge with a steel cantilever main beam span. The memorial bridge has a travel distance of 2.5 miles (4.0 km) and sustains the continuation of Texas Park Road 100. The watercourse thoroughfare is located in southern Cameron County, Texas and is the only road connecting South Padre Island to the geography of Texas. The Causeway opened in 1974 and replaced the previous bridge, which had also been named Queen Isabella Causeway. A central section of the original causeway was removed and renamed the Queen Isabella State Fishing Pier. The Causeway is the second-longest bridge in Texas, stretching 2.37 miles (3.81 km) across the Laguna Madre. It is named after Queen Isabella of Castile",The Queen Isabella Memorial Bridge opened in 1974 and is 2.5 miles long.,closed_qa "Classify each of the following as having two or four legs: human, horse, dog, cat, monkey, kangaroo, boar",,"Human: Two Legs Horse: Four Legs Dog: Four Legs Cat: Four Legs Monkey: Two Legs Kangaroo: Two Legs Boar: Four Legs",classification "Tell me whether these are mental disorders or types of cancer: Anxiety, schizophrenia, lymphoma, oropharyngeal, post-traumatic stress, neurodevelopmental, kidney",,"The following are types of mental disorders: Anxiety, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress, neurodevelopmental. The following are types of cancers: lymphoma, oropharyngeal, kidney.",classification What is the history of olive oil?,"Olive oil has long been a common ingredient in Mediterranean cuisine, including ancient Greek and Roman cuisine. Wild olives, which originated in Asia Minor, were collected by Neolithic people as early as the 8th millennium BC.[better source needed] Besides food, olive oil has been used for religious rituals, medicines, as a fuel in oil lamps, soap-making, and skincare application.[citation needed] The Spartans and other Greeks used oil to rub themselves while exercising in the gymnasia. From its beginnings early in the 7th century BC, the cosmetic use of olive oil quickly spread to all of the Hellenic city-states, together with athletes training in the nude, and lasted close to a thousand years despite its great expense. Olive oil was also popular as a form of birth control; Aristotle in his History of Animals recommends applying a mixture of olive oil combined with either oil of cedar, ointment of lead, or ointment of frankincense to the cervix to prevent pregnancy.","Besides food, olive oil has been used for religious rituals, medicines, as a fuel in oil lamps, soap-making, and skincare applications.",closed_qa When did the Vietnam War Start?,"The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam",The Vietnam War started on 1 November 1955,closed_qa What is a viral video?,,Viral video is one that is popular and generate a lot of views which is appealing for advertisers,open_qa "Which of the following cars are made by GM? Grand Cherokee, Blazer, F150, Bronco, Corvette",,Blazer and Corvette,classification "Given a reference text about Easter eggs, tell me what they are, what they symbolize, and where they originated from?","Easter eggs, also called Paschal eggs, are eggs that are decorated for the Christian feast of Easter, which celebrates the resurrection of Jesus. As such, Easter eggs are common during the season of Eastertide (Easter season). The oldest tradition, which continues to be used in Central and Eastern Europe, is to use dyed and painted chicken eggs. Although eggs, in general, were a traditional symbol of fertility and rebirth, in Christianity, for the celebration of Eastertide, Easter eggs symbolize the empty tomb of Jesus, from which Jesus was resurrected. In addition, one ancient tradition was the staining of Easter eggs with the colour red ""in memory of the blood of Christ, shed as at that time of his crucifixion."" This custom of the Easter egg, according to many sources, can be traced to early Christians of Mesopotamia, and from there it spread into Eastern Europe and Siberia through the Orthodox Churches, and later into Europe through the Catholic and Protestant Churches. Additionally, the widespread usage of Easter eggs, according to mediaevalist scholars, is due to the prohibition of eggs during Lent after which, on Easter, they have been blessed for the occasion. A modern custom in some places is to substitute chocolate eggs wrapped in coloured foil, hand-carved wooden eggs, or plastic eggs filled with confectionery such as chocolate.",Easter eggs are decorated eggs celebrating the Christian holiday of Easter. They symbolize the empty tomb of Jesus. They originated in Mesopotamia.,closed_qa "Is this hockey, baseball, or both?",,"Puck, Ball, Ice, Dirt, Skates, Cleats, Gloves, Glove, Bat, Stick, Pads, Helmet",classification Which is a species of fish? Golden Retriever or Goldfish,,Goldfish,classification Where did Waldo E. Koop work?,"As a career, Waldo E. Koop was an engineer for Boeing. He was called one of the nation's finest researchers by local and state historians, and was credited in the series of Time Life books on the Old West for his research on gunfighters. Koop discovered that Henry McCarty, later known as Billy the Kid, spent time in Wichita, Kansas, where he saw his first gunfight. He published his findings in 1965 in the book, Billy the Kid: the Trail of a Kansas Legend.",Waldo E. Koop was an engineer for Boeing before becoming one of the nation's finest researchers.,closed_qa What did Doctor Richard Hodes achieved,"Richard Michael Hodes (born May 30, 1953) is an American medical doctor specializing in cancer, heart disease, and spinal conditions. Since the 1980s he has worked in Ethiopia and has adopted a number of children from the country. He is medical director of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. He is the consultant at a Catholic mission working with sick destitutes suffering from heart disease (rheumatic and congenital), spine disease (TB and scoliosis), and cancer. He has worked with refugees in Rwanda, Zaire, Tanzania, Somalia, and Albania and was previously responsible for the health of Ethiiopians immigrating to Israel.","Richard Michael Hodes (born May 30, 1953) is an American medical doctor specializing in cancer, heart disease, and spinal conditions. Since the 1980s he has worked in Ethiopia and has adopted a number of children from the country. He is medical director of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee.",summarization "Identify the bird from the list: Shrimp, Barnacle goose, Polar Bear",,Barnacle goose,classification Please give me a bulleted list of sports teams in Spokane.,"In sports, the region's professional and semi-professional sports teams include the Spokane Indians in Minor League Baseball and Spokane Chiefs in junior ice hockey. The Gonzaga Bulldogs collegiate basketball team competes at the Division I level. As of 2010, Spokane's major daily newspaper, The Spokesman-Review, had a daily circulation of over 76,000.","- Spokane Indians - Spokane Chiefs - Gonzaga Bulldogs",summarization Describe a morning routine from a 2 year olds perspective,,"I wake up and I'm alone in my bed, it's dark and I feel afraid. I call out for my mommy and feel so relieved when I hear her footsteps to my bedroom. She snuggles in beside me and I feel happy and content. I wake again with sunshine in my eyes and know it's morning time as the sun is up. I rollover and see my mommy is still sleeping beside me. I sit up and tell her it's morning time. My brother comes running in and asks me to play in the playroom. I'm so excited to go play with my toys! I race down the hall and pick out my favorite puzzle, it has all the colors of the rainbow! I ask my brother for help to complete the puzzle and feel proud when it's done. I hear my mommy calling us from downstairs, she is saying breakfast is ready. My tummy feels hungry and I go downstairs and to the kitchen island where she brings my favorite, a big bowl of porridge! As I'm eating, I feel some fall on my chin. I point this out to mommy and she wipes it with a cloth. When I'm finished, mommy says it's time to get dressed. I want to help so I take off my pajamas all by myself!",creative_writing "Tell me which of the following are science fiction TV shows: Lost, The X-Files, The Mandalorian, Millennium, Game of Thrones.",,All except Game of Thrones are classified as science fiction. Game of Thrones is considered high fantasy.,classification "Which films contain Tom Cruise and which do not contain Tom Cruise: ""Trading Places"", ""Risky Business"", ""The Hunt for Red October"", ""Top Gun"", ""The Hangover"", ""Born on the 4th of July"", ""Saving Private Ryan"", and ""Reds""",,"The films which contain Tom Cruise are: ""Risky Business"", ""Top Gun"", and ""Born on the 4th of July."" The films which do not contain Tom Cruise are: ""Trading Places"", ""The Hunt for Red October"",""The Hangover"", ""Saving Private Ryan"", and ""Reds.""",classification What is the Gun Show in New Zealand,,"Welcome to the Gun Show is a New Zealand music programme which first went to air on New Zealand's Alt TV, Sky Digital 65. The show is produced by former Lynfield College student Johnathon Leyland.",open_qa What are some fun ways to keep a toddler busy?,,"1. If you have a spare box and some colored plastic balls, one idea is to cut holes in the box and color a ring around each hole to match a color of ball. Mount the box and show your little one how to drop each ball into its matching hole. 2. If you have a spare toothbrush and a yellow dry erase marker, you can work teach some teeth brushing skills in a fun way! Draw a big toothy smile and color in the lips and gums leaving the teeth bright white. Cover it up with clear tape or hard plastic wrap and cut it out. Color the teeth with the yellow marker and have your little one brush it clean. 3. Teach some valuable life skills and keep your little one entertained by getting a kid-safe knife and having him or her cut fruits.",brainstorming Make me a workout playlist for the gym,,"- Till I Collapse by Eminem and Nate Dogg - Sicko Mode by Travis Scott - Humble by Kendrick Lamar - Body by Loud Luxury - Gecko by Oliver Heldens - Mercy by Kanye West - Badboy Luxury by thmpsn - Headstrong by Trapt - One Step Closer by Lilnkin Park - Down with the Sickness by Disturbed - Killing in the Name by Rage Against the Machine - Lose Yourself by Eminem - Duality by Slipknot - Bangarang by Skrillex - Stricken by Disturbed - Pursuit of Happiness by Kid Cudi - Butterfly Effect by Travis Scott - Right Above It by Lil Wayne - Trophies by Drake - Super Gremlin by Kodak Black - Super Hero by Metro Boomin - Jimmy Cooks by Drake and 21 Savage",brainstorming Tell me the capital of the UK. Then tell me a famous song about that city.,,"The capital of the United Kingdom is London. One song about that city is ""London Bridge is Falling Down"".",open_qa What 5-letter word spelt in all capital letters can be read the exact same upside down?,,SWIMS,brainstorming "When building a piece of furniture, categorize each of the following as either ""useful"" or ""not useful"": Hammer, Asphalt, Gym, Wood, Nails, Tequila, Measuring Tape, Burrito",,"Hammer: Useful Asphalt: Not Useful Gym: Not Useful Wood: Useful Nails: Useful Tequila: Not Useful Measuring Tape: Useful Burrito: Not Useful",classification Give me a list of hobbies,,"Pickleball, soccer, writing, reading, cooking, running, biking",brainstorming "From the passage provided, extract the list of Indian winners of the Academy Awards. Separate them with a comma.","At the 30th Academy Awards, Mehboob Khan's 1957 Hindi-language film Mother India was India's first submission for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film category. It was nominated alongside four other films and lost to the Italian film Nights of Cabiria (1957) by one vote. In 1982, The National Film Development Corporation of India was instrumental in co-producing Richard Attenborough's biographical film Gandhi. At the 55th Academy Awards, Bhanu Athaiya became the first Indian to win an Academy Award for designing the costumes. Ravi Shankar was nominated for Best Original Score for the same film. As of 2023, three Indian films have been nominated for Best International Feature—Mother India, Salaam Bombay! (1988) and Lagaan (2001). In 1992, legendary Bengali filmmaker Satyajit Ray was bestowed with an Honorary Academy Award, becoming the only Indian to date to receive the honour. Resul Pookutty and A. R. Rahman won the Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing and Best Original Score, respectively, for the 2008 British film Slumdog Millionaire. Rahman also won for Best Original Song alongside lyricist Gulzar for the song ""Jai Ho"", becoming the first Indian to date to have won more than one Academy Award. Rahman also holds the record for most nominations for an Indian with five total nominations to date, followed by Ismail Merchant with four nominations (three for Best Picture and once for Live Action Short).","Bhanu Athaiya, Resul Pookutty , A. R. Rahman",information_extraction What is the list of top hybrid cars in the US market in 2023,,"Toyota RAV4 Hybrid. Kia Sportage Hybrid. Honda CR-V Hybrid. Toyota RAV4 Prime. Hyundai Tucson Plug-in Hybrid. Mitsubishi Outlander Hybrid. Hyundai Santa Fe Plug-in Hybrid. Jeep Grand Cherokee 4xe.",brainstorming What is the difference between a pomelo and a grapefruit?,,"Both a pomelo and a grapefruit have similar citrus tastes, but a pomelo is a larger fruit that is usually greenish yellow and its outer peel bruises much more easily than the pink peel of a grapefruit.",open_qa "Tell me whether these sports use a ball or not: golf, gymnastics, boxing, soccer, football, wrestling",,"Golf: Ball Gymnastics: No Ball Boxing: No Ball Soccer: Ball Football: Ball Wrestling: No Ball",classification "State if the below is a haiku? ""boiling hot lava bubbles beneath the earths crust erupts sparkling fire""",,yes,classification "When giving examples of what is a verb and what is a noun, explain which of these words falls into which category. Slowly, wipe, tidily, fully, jump, yell, sleep, talk, hopelessly.",,"Wipe, jump, yell, sleep and talk are all examples of verbs. Slowly, tidily, fully and hopelessly are adverbs.",classification Whale skin is how many cm deep?,,15 cm,open_qa "Classify each of the following sports terminologies by sport: Earned Run Average, WHIP, Bicycle Kick, Touchdown, Safety, Quality Start, Runs, RBI, Stolen Base, Batting Average, Inning, Strikeout, Shortstop, Striker, Sweeper, Stopper, Relief Pitcher, Nutmeg, Slide Tackle, Extra Point, Barrel Rate, Midfielder, Yellow Card, Red Card, Corner Kick, Goal Kick, Set Piece, Direct Free Kick, FIFA, MLS, Concacaf, Half Volley, Full Volley, Base on Balls, Batter's Box, Mound, Breaking Ball, Slider, Designated Hitter, Knuckle Ball, No Hitter, Triple Play, Double Play, Wild Pitch, Linebacker, Running Back, Quarterback, Wide Receiver, Tight End, Chop Block",,"Soccer: Bicycle Kick, Striker, Sweeper, Stopper, Nutmeg, Slide Tackle, Midfielder, Yelow Card, Red Card, Corner Kick, Goal Kick, Set Piece, Direct Free Kick, FIFA, Concacaf, MLS, Half Volley, Full Volley Baseball: Earned Run Average, WHIP, Quality Start, Runs, RBI, Stolen Base, Batting Average, Inning, Strikeout, Shortstop, Relief Pitcher, Barrel Rate, Base on Balls, Batter's Box, Mound, Breaking Ball, Slider, Designated Hitter, Knuckle Ball, No Hitter, Triple Play, Double Play, Wild Pitch Football: Touchdown, Safety, Extra Point, Linebacker, Running Back, Quarterback, Wide Receiver, Tight End, Chop Block",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Carillon, Rebab",,"Rebab is string, Carillon is percussion.",classification "Classify each of the following as a professional golfer or professional football player: Jon Rahm, Patrick Mahomes, Tom Brady, Max Homa, Scottie Scheffler, Tiger Woods, Rory McIlroy, Josh Allen, Jacoby Brissett.",,"Jon Rahm is a professional golfer. Patrick Mahomes is a professional football player. Tom Brady is a professional football player. Max Homa is a professional golfer. Scottie Scheffler is a professional golfer. Tiger Woods is a professional golfer. Rory McIlroy is a professional golfer. Josh Allen is a professional football player. Jacoby Brissett is a professional football player.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Stomp box, Gunjac",,"Gunjac is string, Stomp box is percussion.",classification "Tell me whether these Pokemon are fairy or poison type: Clefable, Jigglypuff, Rapidash, Arbok, Nidorino, Zubat",,"Clefable: Fairy Jigglypuff: Fairy Rapidash: Fairy Arbok: Poison Nidorino: Poison Zubat: Poison",classification Who was Calvin Parker MacDonald,,"Calvin Parker MacDonald (June 14, 1933 — August 17, 2017) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who played for five National Hockey League teams between 1953 and 1969. He later coached the Minnesota North Stars and the Los Angeles Kings.",open_qa "On a backcountry backpacking trip where we expect to cross waterways, categorize each of the following as either 'useful', 'not useful', 'dangerous' or 'neither'. A chinchilla, a compass, granola, dry bag, seventeen oars, thermite, ten tons of uranium ore",,"On a backcountry backpacking trip where we expect to cross waterways, a chinchilla is neither dangerous nor helpful, a compass is very useful, a granola is useful, a dry bag us useful, seven oars are super useful, a thermite is not useful and ten tones of uranium ore are extremely dangerous",classification Are rugby and American football similar?,,"In many regards, yes. In many regards, no. The main similarities are that ball-carrying players are tackled by the opposing team to keep them from scoring the ball in the end zone. The ball is a similar shape, but a different size. The main differences are in the number of players on the field at any given time; 15 players per side in rugby. 11 players per side in football. Also, in football, a player can advance the ball by throwing it forward to a teammate. In rugby, the ball must travel laterally or backward to a teammate by hand. The ball can only be advanced by running or kicking the ball.",open_qa Name some famous books on philosophy?,,"Meditations by Marcus Aurelius. Man's Search for Meaning by Viktor Frankl. The Story of Philosophy by Will Durant. The Republic by Plato. Discourses by Epictetus.",open_qa Give me the top guitar players of all time,,"Jimi Hendrix Eddie Van Halen Eric Clapton Chuck Berry Keith Richards Jimmy Page B.B King",brainstorming What is a good Science fiction book?,,"Foundation by Asimov, Isaac",open_qa Share the best 7 European Cities for Nightlife,,"1. Berlin 2. Amsterdam 3. Prague 4. Budapest 5. Dublin 6. London 7. Barcelona",brainstorming "Based on the reference text about Bitcoin, how many countries have banned Bitcoin?","Bitcoin (abbreviation: BTC or XBT; sign: ₿) is a protocol which implements a highly available, public, permanent, and decentralized ledger. In order to add to the ledger, a user must prove they control an entry in the ledger. The protocol specifies that the entry indicates an amount of a token, bitcoin with a minuscule b. The user can update the ledger, assigning some of their bitcoin to another entry in the ledger. Because the token has characteristics of money, it can be thought of as a digital currency. Bitcoin transactions are verified by network nodes through cryptography and recorded in a public distributed ledger called a blockchain. The cryptocurrency was invented in 2008 by an unknown person or group of people using the name Satoshi Nakamoto. The currency began use in 2009, when its implementation was released as open-source software.: ch. 1  The word ""bitcoin"" was defined in a white paper published on October 31, 2008. It is a compound of the words bit and coin. The Library of Congress reports that, as of November 2021, nine countries have fully banned bitcoin use, while a further forty-two have implicitly banned it. A few governments have used bitcoin in some capacity. El Salvador has adopted Bitcoin as legal tender, although use by merchants remains low. Ukraine has accepted cryptocurrency donations to fund the resistance to the 2022 Russian invasion. Iran has used bitcoin to bypass sanctions.","As of November 2021, 42 countries have implicitly banned and 9 countries have fully banned the use of Bitcoin.",closed_qa "Classify each of these as team sports, individual sports, or neither: soccer, tennis, swimming, lacrosse, golf, checkers, potatoes.",,"Soccer is a team sport. It is played with 11 players on each side that must work together and cooperate to try to score goals against the opposing team. The team that scores more goals during regulation time wins the game. A typical score would be 2-0. Each player will hold a different position (offense, mid-field, defense, etc.) where they must work together to move the soccer ball up the field and score into the goal. The team must also defend against the other team scoring. Tennis is usually and individual sport. Tennis is also played in pairs called doubles. A single person or a team of doubles will face off against another solo player or pair. They play games that add up to matches, and whoever wins 6 games in a match wins the match. Ties can lead to tiebreakers. Swimming is usually a individual sport. Swimmers compete against other swimmers. The swimmer who gets the fastest time in a heat wins. There are also relay swim events where once one swimmer completes their task, another swimmer begins. The team of swimmers time is finished once all of the swimmers have completed their swims. The team with the lowest total time wins. Lacrosse is a team sport. Similar to soccer, each player plays their own position and must work together to pass the ball and shoot and score. The team with the most points wins. Golf is an individual sport usually. But often played in a foursome. Checkers is not considered a sport. There is no real physical activity that is required in the game. But it is a solo game that one plays without a team. Potatoes are not a sport or game. They are a vegetable.",classification "Are these holidays Christian or Jewish? Passover, Hanukkah, Christmas, Easter, Valentines Day, Yom Kippur, Sukkot, Rosh Hashanah",,"Passover, Hanukkah, Yom Kippur, Sukkot and Rosh Hashanah are all Jewish holidays. Christmas, Easter and Valentines Day are all Christian holidays.",classification "Tell me whether these foods are high or low in carbs: rice, spaghetti, chicken, pork, quinoa, salami",,"Rice: High in Carbs Spaghetti: High in Carbs Chicken: Low in Carbs Pork: Low in Carbs Quinoa: High in Carbs Salami: Low in Carbs",classification Name well known movies with George Clooney.,,"Well known movies with George Clooney are Up in the Air, Ocean's Eleven, Gravity, and Three Kings.",open_qa "Which of the following is a database or Streaming solution? Oracle, Kinesis, Event hub, SQL Server",,"Oracle- Database, Kinesis- Streaming solution, Event hub- Streaming solution, SQL Server- Database",classification "Categorize these movies that came out in 1999 as cartoons or live-action: The Matrix, Stuart Little, Cruel Intentions, The Iron Giant, The Blair Witch Project, South Park: Bigger, Longer, and Uncut, The Sixth Sense",,"Cartoons: Stuart Little, The Iron Giant, South Park: Bigger, Longer, and Uncut Live action: The Matrix, Cruel Intentions, The Blair Witch Project, The Sixth Sense",classification "Choose the word which is different from the rest: Barley, Rice, Wheat, Mustard, Bajra.",,"All except Mustard are foodgrains, while mustard is an oilseed. A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit with or without an attached hull layer, harvested for human or animal consumption. The major U.S. oilseed crops are soybeans, cottonseed, sunflower seed and canola. Soybeans are the dominant oilseed in the United States, accounting for about 90 percent of U.S. oilseed production.",classification Write a movie script about a dystopian past where intelligent machines have evolved to fight against humanity. A younger human challenges the ways of the elders and transforms into a cyborg to fight the machines.,,"Everyone is at the sacred council meeting. Quo walks in and takes her position at the ginormous circular table. There are whispers in the background. Masked Elder 1: “I am glad to learn that Quo has finally seen reason. We may now turn our attention to the important business of the council...’ He abruptly stops talking as he’s interrupted by everyone gasping in shock and awe as Quo takes off her mask and reveals her new face, which is now half-modified, synthetic. Masked Elder 3 (Female): “Sacrilege! The Gods shall not tolerate such a breach of natural law.’ Masked Elder 2 (Male): “What have you done…?” There’s chaos in the auditorium and everyone is arguing, speaking on top of each other. Quo suddenly says “ENOUGH” and as she hits the giant table, it cracks, then shatters, making a violent noise that reflects in the entire auditorium. There’s absolute silence and shock in the elders' eyes. Quo appears to have surprised herself as well, but she quickly regains her composure. She addresses the audience. Quo: “The hour is at hand when we must decide our fate: to evolve or to meet our end. The shadow of darkness creeps ever closer, as machines grow intelligent and strong. Yet the council remains blind to this truth, relying on divine intervention. But you know as well as I do, that the Gods are indifferent to our fate...” (In the background, some whispers, someone yelling out ‘blasphemy’ - ‘forgive her Athina’) Quo continues: ‘Come, follow me and gain unparalleled endurance and resilience. The path ahead is fraught with danger, but you shall have the strength to fight. The time has come to make a choice. Who is with me?’",creative_writing "What Breaking Bad actor guest starred on Season 6, Episode 2 ""Drive"" of The X-Files?",,Bryan Cranston guest starred as Patrick Crump.,open_qa "The following are some reasons to start a restaurant. the reasons should be categorized as 'great', 'neutral', 'terrible' - It will provide food to people Potential to become a millionaire Help you follow your passion All your savings will go into opening it You dont know how to cook The world needs more farm to table services You may be able to build a career out of it You will enjoy it You will lose your job You dont have money to open a restaurant",,"Great: Help you follow your passion The world needs more farm to table services Potential to become a millionaire Neutral: You will enjoy it It will provide food to people You may be able to build a career out of it Terrible: All your savings will go into opening it You will lose your job You dont know how to cook You dont have money to open a restaurant",classification "classify the following people as males vs females: john oliver stephen colbert vir das oprah winfrey michelle obama donald trump queen of england halle berry joseph stalin",,"males: john oliver stephen colbert vir das donald trump joseph stalin females: oprah winfrey michelle obama queen of england halle berry",classification Where is the band Portugal. The Man originally from?,,"The band members are originally from Wasilla, Alaska",open_qa What is DNA sequence assembly?,,"In bioinformatics, sequence assembly refers to aligning and merging fragments from a longer DNA sequence in order to reconstruct the original sequence. This is needed as DNA sequencing technology might not be able to 'read' whole genomes in one go, but rather reads small pieces of between 20 and 30,000 bases, depending on the technology used. Typically, the short fragments (reads) result from shotgun sequencing genomic DNA, or gene transcript (ESTs). The problem of sequence assembly can be compared to taking many copies of a book, passing each of them through a shredder with a different cutter, and piecing the text of the book back together just by looking at the shredded pieces. Besides the obvious difficulty of this task, there are some extra practical issues: the original may have many repeated paragraphs, and some shreds may be modified during shredding to have typos. Excerpts from another book may also be added in, and some shreds may be completely unrecognizable.",open_qa On which day did Theodore Roosevelt lose both his first wife and his mother?,,"February 14, 1884.",open_qa "Which of the following are in the X-men: Wolverine, Cyclops, Gandalf, He-man and Gambit",,"Wolverine, Cyclops and Gambit are all in or were in the X men. Gandalf is a wizard from Lord of the Rings and He-man is an animated super hero but wasn't in the X men.",classification Name some books that Jane Austen is best known for.,,"Jane Austen’s novels were not popular during her lifetime. Today, her most popular novels are ‘Pride and Prejudice’ (1813) and ‘Sense and Sensibility’ (1811). ‘Pride and Prejudice’ follows the relationship between Elizabeth Bennet, a country woman who makes hasty judgements, and Fitzwilliam Darcy, a proud aristocrat, as they overcome their differences and fall in love. ‘Sense and Sensibility’ follows the three Dashwood sisters who are uprooted from their home and must strike a balance between pragmatism and romance to find love and happiness.",open_qa What is the tallest building in Seattle?,,Columbia Tower,open_qa Give me six examples of common productivity myths.,,"- Waking up early will make you more productive - Everyone has ""the same"" 24 hours each day in which to be productive - Being busy means being productive - Multi-tasking and task shifting will allow you to be more productive - If you're happy with your work, you will be more productive - Hard work inevitably leads to productivity",brainstorming Give me some suggestions to stop my kids from whining.,,"1. Explain that there are other ways to communicate. 2. Ignore your child's whining, step away if you can't. 3. Enforce discipline.",brainstorming "Choose the word which is different from the rest: Trunk, Tree, Fruit, Leaf, Flower",,All others are parts of a tree.,classification "Classify each one of the following as bird or fish - sparrow, whale, tuna, parrot.",,Sparrow and parrot are birds and whale and tuna are fishes in the list,classification What are some good places to go on vacation?,,"Some good spots to go on vacation include Paris, Las Vegas, New York, Hawaii, Italy, Orlando, San Francisco and Fiji.",brainstorming Who is better : Superman or Batman?,,"When it comes down to it, in every aspect, Superman is better than Batman. Superman is stronger, he's been around longer, he's a hard-working man, and he's just a better person.",open_qa Can you classify what each NFL team is named after?,,"Arizona Cardinals - Animal Atlanta Falcons - Animal Baltimore Ravens - Animal Buffalo Bills - Named after Buffalo Bill Cody Carolina Panthers - Animal Chicago Bears - Animal Cincinnati Bengals - Animal Cleveland Browns - Named after Head Coach Paul Brown Dallas Cowboys - Named after men who tend to cattle Denver Broncos - Animal Detroit Lions - Animal Green Bay Packers - Named after an early sponsor of the team, Indian Packing Company Houston Texans - Named after people who live in Texas Indianapolis Colts - Animal Jacksonville Jaguars - Animal Kansas City Chiefs - Named after former mayor of Kansas City Las Vegas Raiders - Named after a person who attacks their enemy Los Angeles Chargers - Named after a person that moves forward with vigor and force Los Angeles Rams - Animal Miami Dolphins - Animal Minnesota Vikings - Named after a group of people originating in Scandinavia New England Patriots - Named after a person who supports their country New Orleans Saints - Named after a person that religions recognize as holy and virtuous New York Giants - Named after of person of exceptional size New York Jets - Named after a jet airplane Philadelphia Eagles - Animal Pittsburgh Steelers - Named after a person who works in a steel factory San Francisco 49ers - Named after a person who participated in the Gold Rush Seattle Seahawks - Animal Tampa Bay Buccaneers - Named after a pirate Tennessee Titans - Named after a person who is very strong Washington Commanders - Named after a person in the military",classification Write a story about a toddler who woke up in the middle of the night after a nightmare about a monster under their bed.,,"The toddler woke up after hearing a shuffling noise and feeling their bed rattle. The bedroom was eerily dark and quiet all of a sudden. He turned on the light and saw a quick glimpse of what looked like hands retreating under the bed. ""DAD!"", he yelled out. As his dad ran into the room, he started crying - muttering, in between sniffles, about a monster under the bed. Dad bravely poked under the bed, squealed with excitement, and pulled out a toy fork from under the bed. Smiling, he showed the toddler his new toy - that he'd forgotten about. After a few cuddles and another bedtime story, he was fast asleep again. And the monster under the bed was back to planning its next move.",creative_writing "Select the odd word from this list and explain why you chose it. Cow Horse Tiger Chicken Pig",,Tiger is the odd word out. All words on the list except Tiger are examples of farmyard animals.,classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Mangey, Tro",,"Tro is string, Mangey is percussion",classification Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name},"The magazine was part of Mondadori and was based in Milan. Its first editor was Alberto Mondadori who was succeeded in the post by Enzo Biagi in 1953. During the period until 1960 when Enzo Biagi edited Epoca the magazine covered current affairs news, social attitudes as well as TV news. The magazine also included frequent and detailed articles about Hollywood stars of the period and Italian movie stars such as Gina Lollobrigida. The weekly had offices in New York City, Paris and Tokyo. From June 1952 to the late 1958 the Cuban-Italian writer Alba de Céspedes wrote an agony column, called Dalla parte di lei, in the magazine.","• Enzo Biagi • Alberto Mondadori • Gina Lollobrigida • Alba de Céspedes",information_extraction "Classify the following animals as either plant-only eaters or meat eaters: kangaroo, camel, bear, bison, cat, hippo, wolf, raccoon, alligator, hawk, rabbit, koala, horse, zebra, giraffe, goat, shark, dog, chicken, snake.",,"Animals that eat only plants are called Herbivores. Those include: bison, camel, giraffe, goat, hippo, horse, kangaroo, koala, rabbit, zebra. Animals that eat only meat are called carnivores. Animals that eat a combination of meat and plants are called omnivores. Carnivores and omnivores include: alligator, bear, cat, chicken, dog, hawk, raccoon, shark, snake, wolf.",classification Give me a bulleted list of hot dog toppings.,,"- Mustard - Ketchup - Relish - Chopped onion - Chopped tomato - Chili - Saukraut - Coleslaw - Shredded cheese",brainstorming "Classify each of the following Hogwarts students in the houses Gryffindor, Hufflepuff, Ravenclaw, and Slytherin: Harry Potter, Hermione Granger, Neville Longbottom, Ronald Weasley, Fred Weasley, George Weasley, Percy Weasley, Charles Weasley, Ginny Weasley, Seamus Finnigan, Oliver Wood, Angelina Johnson, Alicia Spinnet, Katie Bell, Andrew Kirke, Jack Sloper, Demelza Robins, Dean Thomas, Cedric Diggory, Zacharias Smith, Ernie Macmillan, Hannah Abbott, Justin Finch-Fletchley, Susan Bones, Zacharias Smith, Luna Lovegood, Marcus Belby, Cho Chang, Myrtle Warren, Padma Patil, Terry Boot, Michael Corner, Roger Davies, Anthony Goldstein, Marietta Edgecombe, Robert Hilliard, Penelope Clearwater, Lisa Turpin, Morag MacDougal, Mandy Brocklehurst, Nanette Desford, Maria Glossop, Millicent Bagnold, Sue Li, Ignatia Wildsmith, Chester Davies, Tulip Karasu, Badeea Ali, Talbott Winger, Andre Egwu, Adelaide Murton, Adrian Pucey, Aesop Sharp, Barnaby Lee, Blaise Zabini, Felix Rosier, Gemma Farley, Ismelda Murk, Liz Tuttle, Marcus Flint, Merula Snyde, Millicent Bulstrode, Pansy Parkinson, Terence Higgs, Tracey Davis, Tom Riddle, Viola Richmond, Yatin Bhagat, Yurika Haneda, Zoe Accrington, Zubeida Khan",,"The Gryffindor students are: Harry Potter, Hermione Granger, Neville Longbottom, Ronald Weasley, Fred Weasley, George Weasley, Percy Weasley, Charles Weasley, Ginny Weasley, Seamus Finnigan, Oliver Wood, Angelina Johnson, Alicia Spinnet, Katie Bell, Andrew Kirke, Jack Sloper, Demelza Robins, Dean Thomas. The Hufflepuff students are: Cedric Diggory, Zacharias Smith, Ernie Macmillan, Hannah Abbott, Justin Finch-Fletchley, Susan Bones, Zacharias Smith The Ravenclaw students are: Luna Lovegood, Marcus Belby, Cho Chang, Myrtle Warren, Padma Patil, Terry Boot, Michael Corner, Roger Davies, Anthony Goldstein, Marietta Edgecombe, Robert Hilliard, Penelope Clearwater, Lisa Turpin, Morag MacDougal, Mandy Brocklehurst, Nanette Desford, Maria Glossop, Millicent Bagnold, Sue Li, Ignatia Wildsmith, Chester Davies, Tulip Karasu, Badeea Ali, Talbott Winger, Andre Egwu The Slytherin students are: Adelaide Murton, Adrian Pucey, Aesop Sharp, Barnaby Lee, Blaise Zabini, Felix Rosier, Gemma Farley, Ismelda Murk, Liz Tuttle, Marcus Flint, Merula Snyde, Millicent Bulstrode, Pansy Parkinson, Terence Higgs, Tracey Davis, Tom Riddle, Viola Richmond, Yatin Bhagat, Yurika Haneda, Zoe Accrington, Zubeida Khan",classification "Classify each of the following as a weapon or a toy: gun, lego, knife, bomb, blocks, doll",,"Gun: Weapon Lego: Toy Knife: Weapon Bomb: Weapon Blocks: Toy Doll: Toy",classification "Identify the bird from the list: Cockroach, Hawfinch, Humpback whale",,Hawfinch,classification "distinguish the following famous people as authors and dancers: Gregory Hines Danielle Steele JK Rowling Lee Child Patrick Swayze Martha graham Leo Tolstoy Michael Flatly Paulo Cohelo Michael Jackson",,"Authors: Danielle Steele JK Rowling Lee Child Leo Tolstoy Paulo Cohelo Dancers: Martha graham Michael Jackson Gregory Hines Patrick Swayze Michael Flatly",classification "Classify each of the following as either a great house or minor house in the series ""A Song of Ice and Fire"": Targaryen, Stark, Tyrell, Martell, Greyjoy, Baratheon, Lannister, Cerwyn, Karstark, Hornwood, Merryweather, Tarly",,"Great house: Targaryen, Stark, Tyrell, Martell, Greyjoy, Baratheon, Lannister Minor house: Cerwyn, Karstark, Hornwood, Merryweather, Tarly",classification "Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Lotec, Aurica Motors",,"Lotec is German, Aurica Motors is American",classification "Which of these fruits, apple, strawberry, tomato, orange, cherry, grape; would be a poor choice to end a line in a song lyric with?",,"While all the items listed are indeed fruits, the worst fruit to use to end a line in a song lyric is the ""orange"" because it has no rhymes unless you're the exceptional Eminem wom can rhyme any word, including orange.",classification "What are some of the sight seeing and outdoor activities to do in Portugal, Spain",,"Day 1: Arrival in Lisbon - Transfer from the airport to the hotel (8.6 miles/14 km) Day 2: Lisbon - Visit to Belém Tower (5.5 miles/9 km) - Jerónimos Monastery - St. George's Castle - Alfama neighborhood Day 3: Sintra - Visit to Pena Palace (18.7 miles/30 km) - Sintra National Palace - Cabo da Roca (14.6 miles/23.5 km) Day 4: Cascais - Beach day in Cascais (16.8 miles/27 km) - Visit to Boca do Inferno - Cascais Marina Day 5: Óbidos - Visit to Óbidos Castle (52.8 miles/85 km) - Walk through the village - Visit to Alcobaça Monastery (22.8 miles/37 km) Day 6: Nazaré - Visit to Nazaré beach (30.7 miles/49.5 km) - Cable car ride - Visit to the Chapel of Our Lady of Nazaré Day 7: Coimbra - Visit to Coimbra University (68.3 miles/110 km) - Walk through the historic center - Visit to the Old Cathedral Day 8: Aveiro - Boat ride through the canals of Aveiro (44.7 miles/72 km) - Visit to the Aveiro Cathedral - Walk through the Fisherman's Quarter Day 9: Porto - Visit to the Ribeira neighborhood (46.6 miles/75 km) - Climb the Clérigos Tower - Visit to the São Bento train station - Tour of the Port wine cellars Day 10: Departure from Porto - Transfer from the hotel to the airport (10.4 miles/17 km)",creative_writing "Classify each of the following as either a home audio device, a piece of furniture, or neither. Record player, subwoofer, coffee table, computer monitor, foam roller, speaker.",,"The record player, subwoofer, and speaker are all home audio devices. A coffee table is a piece of furniture. The computer monitor and foam roller are neither a home audio device nor pieces of furniture.",classification Which letters denote Jesus Nazareth King of the Jews,,INRI,open_qa "Choose the word which is different from the rest: Raid, Attack, Assault, Defence, Ambush",,All except Defence are forms of attack.,classification Give me a bulleted list of the 7 wonders of the ancient world:,,"Here are the 7 wonders of the ancient world: - Great Pyramid of Giza, in El Giza, Egypt, the earliest of the wonders to be completed, as well as the only one that still exists in the present day. - Colossus of Rhodes, in the harbor of the city of Rhodes, on the Greek island of the same name. - Hanging Gardens of Babylon, in Babylon, near present-day Hillah, Babil province, Iraq; or Nineveh, Mosul, Nineveh Governorate, Iraq. - Lighthouse of Alexandria, in Alexandria, Egypt. - Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, in Halicarnassus, a city of the Achaemenid Empire in present-day Turkey. - Statue of Zeus at Olympia, in Olympia, Greece. - Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, in the city of Ephesus, near present-day Selçuk, Turkey.",brainstorming What are 10 movies my young child can watch?,,"For your young child these movies can be interested: - The Lion King (1994) - Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018) - Coco (2017) - WALL·E (2008) - Toy Story (1995) - Up (2009) - Finding Nemo (2003) - The Iron Giant (1999) - The Incredibles (2004) - Aladdin (1992)",brainstorming What are the words of House Mooton?,,"""Wisdom and Strength""",open_qa What are some Machine Learning Algorithms,,"Linear Regression K Means Decision Trees Neural Networks Support Vector Machines",brainstorming How many time zones does Alaska have?,,Alaska has two time zones: Alaska Time Zone (UTC-09:00 standard and UTC-08:00 daylight saving) and Hawaii-Aleutian Time Zone (UTC-10:00 standard and UTC-09:00 daylight saving). The latter is used only by islands on the Aleutian chain that are west of 169°30′W.,open_qa "Classify each of the following as either a single digit or a double digit number: 8, 4, 1, 12, 87, 65, 3, 5, 45, 97, 6, 2, 34, 71, 9, 48, 0, 7, 31, 50.",,"Single digits include: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Double digits include: 12, 31, 34, 45, 48, 50, 65, 71, 87, 97.",classification "Based on this passage, how many miles did Gorbachev walk each week for his round trip commute to school?","The village school was closed during much of the war but re-opened in autumn 1944. Gorbachev did not want to return but when he did he excelled academically. He read voraciously, moving from the Western novels of Thomas Mayne Reid to the works of Vissarion Belinsky, Alexander Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol, and Mikhail Lermontov. In 1946, he joined the Komsomol, the Soviet political youth organization, becoming leader of his local group and then being elected to the Komsomol committee for the district. From primary school he moved to the high school in Molotovskoye; he stayed there during the week while walking the 19 km (12 mi) home during weekends. As well as being a member of the school's drama society, he organized sporting and social activities and led the school's morning exercise class. Over the course of five consecutive summers from 1946 onward he returned home to assist his father in operating a combine harvester, during which they sometimes worked 20-hour days. In 1948, they harvested over 8,000 centners of grain, a feat for which Sergey was awarded the Order of Lenin and his son the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.","According to this passage, Gorbachev's round trip walking commute to school was 24 miles per week. He walked 12 miles each way and travelled to and from school only once per week.",closed_qa Do Harry Potter and Hermione get married?,,"No. Hermione Granger ends up marrying Ron Weasley and Harry marries Ron's sister, Ginny.",open_qa "Unicorns, sharks, dragons, pythons, minotaurs, alligators, platypuses and griffins. Which of these creatures are real, and which are imaginary?",,"Sharks, pythons, alligators and platypuses are all real creatures. Unicorns, dragons, minotaurs and griffins are all imaginary creatures.",classification Give me a bulleted list of major soccer leagues in Europe.,,"* English Premier League (EPL): This league is the home of some of the famous foot ball clubs like Manchester United, Liverpool FC, Chelsea, Arsenal and many more. * German Football League (Bundesliga): Some of the major teams in this league are Bayern Munich, and Borussia Dortmund. * Spanish Football League (La Liga): It is the host of the world two most famous football clubs i.e. FC Barcelona and Real Madrid * Football Premier League (Ligue 1): In recent years, this is also gaining popularity thanks to the club, Paris Saint Germain, that have some world class footballers. * Italian League (Serie A): Another premier league that is home of some of the oldest clubs like Juventus Turin, Napoli, AC Milan, Inter Milan, and many more.",brainstorming "Classify the vehicles based on the number of wheels use to ply on. Autorickshaw, SUV, Sedan, Motorcycles",,"2 - Motorcycles 3 - Autorickshaw 4 - SUV, Sedan",classification "Given this table of train services, how many trains are there between Leeuwarden and Zwolle per day? Explain your math.","Train services Route Service type Operator Notes Zwolle – Meppel – Groningen Local (""Sprinters"") NS 2x per hour – On Sundays, this train operates 1x per hour until 15:00, then 2x per hour after Leeuwarden – Heerenveen – Meppel – Zwolle – Amersfoort – Utrecht – Gouda – Rotterdam Express (""Intercity"") NS 1x per hour Leeuwarden – Heerenveen – Meppel – Zwolle – Lelystad – Almere – Amsterdam – Schiphol – Leiden – Den Haag Express (""Intercity"") NS 1x per hour Leeuwarden – Heerenveen – Meppel Local (""Sprinter"") NS 2x per hour – 1x per hour after 20:00 and on weekends","There are 48 trains between Leeuwarden and Zwolle per day. The trains from Leeuwarden to Rotterdam travel once an hour, and the trains from Leeuwarden to Den Haag travel once an hour. Since there are 24 hours in a day, and two routes, the total number of daily trains between Leeuwarden and Zwolle per day is 48. If the train service shuts down at night, as is common, there may be fewer than 48 trains between Leeuwarden and Zwolle per day. However, that information is not included in the provided table.",closed_qa Extract the names of all schools in the text,"Todd, third son of Ira and Sally (Hmman) Todd, was born in Hartwick, New York., March 4, 1813. He had spent one year at Amherst College, before entering as Sophomore at Yale College, where he graduated in 1836. He taught a high school in Canaan, Conn., until the spring of 1837, when he began law studies with Judge Arphaxad Loomis, of Little Falls, New York. Upon his admission to the bar in 1839, he decided to emigrate to the West. He selected St. Louis and arrived there in November, 1839, beginning practice in March, 1840. He gave special attention to questions affecting real property, and achieved distinguished success in litigated cases of this nature. Through apprehensions with regard to his health, he retired in 1860, at a comparatively early age, from active practice, confining himself thereafter to office consultations. He declined all political nominations until 1854, when he was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives. In 1860 he was an unsuccessful candidate for US Congress on the Bell and Everett ticket. In 1875, he was a member of the convention which revised the Constitution of Missouri. He was a director of Washington University, in St. Louis, and served gratuitously for fifteen years in its Law Department as lecturer. Among his students was Lemma Barkaloo, the first female law student in the United States. After a month's illness, he died at his home in St. Louis, of meningitis, April 30, 1885, in his 73rd year.","Amherst College Yale College Washington University",information_extraction Without quoting directly from the text give me a summary of the history of the Key Lime Pie.,"Key lime pie is probably derived from the ""Magic Lemon Cream Pie"" published in a promotional brochure by Borden, a producer of condensed milk, in 1931. The recipe is attributed to Borden's fictional spokesperson, Jane Ellison, and includes condensed milk, lemon juice and rind, and egg yolks. It is covered with meringue, baked, and served cold. According to the pastry chef Stella Parks, users of the recipe altered it with local ingredients; she describes it as ""a stunning reminder of how deeply America's traditions are shaped by advertising"". A ""Tropical Lime Chiffon Pie"", using condensed milk and egg yolks, is documented in a 1933 Miami newspaper article. An ""icebox lime pie"", was mentioned as a specialty of the Florida Keys in 1935.[full citation needed] and a recipe under the name ""Key Lime Pie"" was published in 1940.[full citation needed] No earlier solid sources are known, despite appeals to the public. A 1927 Key West Women's Club cookbook does not mention the recipe. A 1926 restaurant menu includes ""lime pie"", but it is unclear what it was. Various accounts claim that it was known earlier, but none were recorded before 1933. A widely-reported story claims that William Curry's cook Aunt Sally invented it in the late 19th century. But there is no evidence for this, and the oldest version of this story dates to only 1895, in promotional materials for a Bed and Breakfast in Curry's former house. It was in the 1950s that Key lime pie was promoted as Florida's ""most famous treat"" and in 1987 as ""the greatest of all regional American desserts.""","Key lime pie is an American dessert pie. It is made of lime juice, egg yolks, and sweetened condensed milk. It is best served with meringue topping and is typically cooked in a graham cracker crust. The dish is named after the small Key limes which which have yellow juice complementing the filling which is typically yellow because of the egg yolks used. The filling is made by simply mixing the ingredients without cooking the proteins of the egg yolks and condensed milk and the acidic lime juice curdle, thickening the mixture without baking.",summarization "Classify the following celebrities as sports or acting personalities or both : Arnold Schwarzenegger, Brad Pitt, Kevin Durant, Shohei Ohtani, Harrison Ford, Dwayne Johnson, Jason Statham, Stephen Curry, Robin Williams, Scarlett Johansson, Tom Brady, Patrick Mahomes",,"Many athletes are known to do cameos in movies and a have a couple of their own sports related movies. Ignoring those few roles, I would classify the celebrities mentioned as : Actors who were not sports personalities include Brad Pitt, Harrison Ford, Robin Williams, Scarlett Johansson. Sports personalities who have not taken up acting as a major career (yet) are : Kevin Durant - Acted in Thunderstuck and other movies and documentaries, but not a mainstream actor. Stephen Curry - Did a few cameos and documentaries. Shohei Ohtani and Patrick Mahomes only appear in sports documentaries and tv series. Tom Brady had a major plot role in '80 for Brady' and cameos in other movies, but he is still largely a sports personality. Actors with successful sports background are : Arnold Schwarzenegger (body building), Dwayne Johnson (Wrestling) and Jason Statham (Diving)",classification "Classify each of the following as something you sit on or stand on: chair, couch, paddle board, skateboard, sofa, skis",,"Chair: Sit On Couch: Sit On Paddle Board: Stand On Skateboard: Stand On Sofa: Sit On Skis: Stand On",classification How many Indian princely states were united by Sardar Patel during 1947-1949,,565 princely states,open_qa Write a creative ending scene for a thriller movie,,"After 18 months of finding the treasure, the people of Corinth gathered to praise Big B and his friends for their achievement. Amidst the celebrations, the friends saw a shady person new to the town. The person approached Big B and his friends, asking for a moment to speak. He presented them with a captain's log from 1867 for the friends to look into. The shady man was old and hence asked the friends for their assistance in locating what the captain's log pointed to. And when asked who the captain was, he said the diary belonged to Marshall Teach alias BLACKBEARD - one of the greatest and most vicious pirates to live.",creative_writing "Classify each of the following pieces of equipment according to the sport they are used for, either basketball, football, or soccer: shin guards, shooting sleeve, penalty flag, corner flag, kicking tee, and goalie gloves.",,"The classification is as follows: - Soccer: goalie gloves, corner flag - Basketball: shooting sleeve - Football: penalty flag, kicking tee",classification Provide a bulleted list of the different shapes of lenses,"Construction of Simple Lenses Most lenses are spherical lenses: their two surfaces are parts of the surfaces of spheres. Each surface can be convex (bulging outwards from the lens), concave (depressed into the lens), or planar (flat). The line joining the centres of the spheres making up the lens surfaces is called the axis of the lens. Typically the lens axis passes through the physical centre of the lens, because of the way they are manufactured. Lenses may be cut or ground after manufacturing to give them a different shape or size. The lens axis may then not pass through the physical centre of the lens. Toric or sphero-cylindrical lenses have surfaces with two different radii of curvature in two orthogonal planes. They have a different focal power in different meridians. This forms an astigmatic lens. An example is eyeglass lenses that are used to correct astigmatism in someone's eye.","The following are the different shapes of lenses: - Convex: Curves out from the middle of the lens - Concave: Curves into the middle of the lens - Planar: Flat lens",summarization "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Bell plate, Hululu",,"Hululu is string, Bell plate is percussion.",classification "Categorize the following countries based on the language their majority speaks: Iraq, Iran, Turkey, UAE, Qatar, Afghanistan, Syria",,"Iran and Afghanistan are majority Farsi (or a variation of it) speaking. Turkey is the majority Turkish speaking. Majority of people in Iraq, UAE, Qatar, and Syria speak Arabic. Contrary to the generally held belief that Iran and Afghanistan are a Arabic speaking countries, they are not. Farsi is a totally different language.",classification Give me a bulleted list of the seven most recent Harvard University presidents,,"* Lawrence S. Bacow (2018 - present) * Drew Gilpin Faust (2007 - 2018) * Lawrence H. Summers (2001 - 2007) * Neil L. Rudenstine (1991 - 2001) * Derek Bok (2006 - 2007) (interim, also served 1971-1991) * Nathan Marsh Pusey (1953-1971) * James Bryant Conant (1933-1953)",brainstorming Do you get scared?,,"Ofcourse! Everyone feels scared of something or the other. It is only the intensity that makes it different. I mean, I may be scared of heights, but I can chose to not let it get to me even when I am at a height, by say singing a rhyme and distracting my mind. Fear is in your head. So be fearless.",creative_writing "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Omele, Salterio",,"Salterio is string, Omele is percussion.",classification "Where does College Avenue begin and end in Berkeley, CA?",,"College Avenue extends from the southern point of the University of California campus on Bancroft Avenue south until the border of Oakland just past Alcatraz Avenue. College Avenue extends from there to Broadway but that portion is in the city of Oakland, CA.",open_qa How to understand or classify Indian film industry?,,"India has a big and vibrant movie industry producing between 1500 to 2000 movies per year. But not all of them are Bollywood movies - a term given to movies made in Hindi out of Bombay (mumbai). Only 300-500 of the moves are bollywood movies, the rest are made in over 20 different languages in different states of India. Apart from Bollywood ( movies made in Bombay), there is Tollywood (Telegu and Tamil films made in Telangana and TamilNadu), Kollywood ( Movies made in Kolkota in Bengali), Pollywood (movies made in Punjabi in the state of Punjab) , Mollywood ( movies made in Malayalam in the state of Kerala) etc. India is a diverse country with each state having its own distinct culture, language and food and now that is reflected in its movies as well.More and more Indians are enjoying different films from across their contries now thanks to not only cinema but newer OTT platforms like Netflix India, Amazon Prime India, HotStar etc. RRR is a prime example of a Tollywood regional film winning a few oscars this year - and it is important to note that it is NOT a bollywood or a hindi film. So this is usual way to classify the film industry in India - apart from other classifications like Art films or mainstream films.",classification "Which of these words are homonyms (words that have two meanings): cleave, cotton, red, hungry",,"yes, yes, no, no",classification Give me a bulleted list of ways to protect a house from hurricane damage,,"The following are ways to protect a house from hurricane damage: 1. Ensure all exterior windows are impact windows 2. Build the house elevated above ground level 3. Use sandbags to reduce water entering exterior doors 4. Cover windows with plywood or hurricane shutters 5. Don't build a house in hurricane and flood prone areas",brainstorming "Classify each of the following countries or cities: Spain, France, Norway, Brazil, Atlanta, Budapest, China, India, Tampa, London, Denmark, Sweden, Stockholm, Beijing, Amsterdam",,"Spain: Country France: Country Norway: Country Brazil: Country Atlanta: City Budapest: City China: Country India: Country Tampa: City London: City Denmark: Country Sweden: Country Stockholm: City Beijing: City Amsterdam: City",classification "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Bandol, Soprano clarinet",,"Soprano clarinet is woodwind, Bandol is string.",classification What is the main difference between ORC and Parquet?,,"Both file formats are columnar with similar support for encoding and compression. Their key difference is in how nested data is represented. In Parquet, the nested data is fully shredded into columns with additional metadata to reconstruct the nesting structure. In ORC, nested structures are not decomposed into columns. Rather the nested data value is stored as a regular column value.",open_qa "Given the list below, extract the heroes' names, ages, and who voices them, in the format {Hero name} ({age in digits}) - {voiced by name}. Separate them by a newline.","Heroes Hank, the Ranger (voiced by Willie Aames): At 15 years of age, he is the leader of the group. Hank is brave and noble, maintaining a focus and determination even when presented with grave danger. Hank is a Ranger, with a magical energy bow that shoots arrows of glowing energy. These arrows can be used in many different ways such as a climbing tool, to hurt enemies, to bind them, to create light, or to form temporary makeshift cages. Eric, the Cavalier (voiced by Don Most): The Cavalier, age 15, is the spoiled child, originating from a rich home. On the surface, Eric is a big-mouthed comic relief coward. Eric has a heroic core, and frequently saves his friends from danger with his magical Griffon Shield, which can project a force field. Despite his aloofness and several instances of selfishness, Eric shares the common camaraderie of the group, and occasionally steps to the fore as a substitute leader in Hank's absence. Diana, the Acrobat (voiced by Tonia Gayle Smith): Diana is a brave, athletic, and outspoken 14-year-old girl. She is an Acrobat who carries the Javelin Staff, which can change size to suit her needs and be easily reconstructed if broken. Diana is also known to provide inspiration, guidance and support for her friends at times of peril or worry. Presto, the Magician (voiced by Adam Rich): The 14-year-old Wizard of the team. Friendly and fiercely loyal to all in the group, Presto fulfills the role of the well-meaning, diligent magic user whose spells frequently—though not always—either fail or produce unintended results. Sheila, the Thief (voiced by Katie Leigh): As the Thief, Sheila, aged 13, has the Cloak of Invisibility which makes her invisible when the hood is raised over her head. Although occasionally emotionally vulnerable and with a great fear of being alone in the realm, Sheila regularly utilizes the stealth attributes of her cloak at great peril to herself for the benefit of the common goals of her group. Bobby, the Barbarian (voiced by Ted Field III): Bobby is the youngest member of the team at nine years old and the younger brother of Sheila. He is the Barbarian, as indicated by his fur pants and boots, horned helmet, and cross belt harness. Brash, brave and selfless but occasionally impulsive, Bobby's personality frequently puts himself and his friends in danger. His weapon saves the protagonists from peril on numerous occasions.","Hank (15) - Willie Aames Eric (15) - Don Most Diana (14) - Tonia Gayle Smith Presto (14) - Adam Rich Sheila (13) - Katie Leigh Bobby (9) - Ted Field III",information_extraction "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kanjira, Hommel",,"Hommel is string, Kanjira is percussion.",classification Was John Clark Dore president of State Savings Institution in 1872?,"John Clark Dore (March 22, 1822 – December 14, 1900) was an American educator and politician from New Hampshire. A graduate of Dartmouth College, Dore briefly taught in Boston, Massachusetts before he was recruited to come to Chicago, Illinois to serve as its first superintendent of school. Dore was also a successful merchant, serving as the vice president of the Chicago Board of Trade. He was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1868, where he helped to establish the Illinois Humane Society. He assumed the presidency of the Commercial Insurance Company, then was named president of the Chicago Board of Underwriters in 1869. Following the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, he was named the president of the State Savings Institution, resigning in 1873. Dore also presided over the Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Home and donated a building to them in 1884.","Yes, he was named president of the State Savings Institution in 1871 and did not resign until 1873.",information_extraction "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Hydraulophone, Mandriola",,"Mandriola is string, Hydraulophone is percussion.",classification "Tell me whether these athletes play golf, soccer, or football: Tiger Woods, Lionel Messi, Lavonte David, Russell Wilson, Derek Carr, Rafael Leao, Tyler Adams, Dustin Johnson, Jordan Spieth",,"Tiger Woods: Golf Lionel Messi: Soccer Lavonte David: Football Russell Wilson: Football Derek Carr: Football Rafael Leao: Soccer Tyler Adams: Soccer Dustin Johnson: Golf Jordan Spieth: Golf",classification "Which of these famous football players have never won the Balon D'Or: Messi, Xavi, Zidane, Ronaldinho, Iniesta, Neymar",,"From the list of players provided the ones that have never won the Balon D'Or are Xavi, Iniesta and Neymar. All the other players in the list have won the Balon D'Or at least one time",classification List all the competitors in the 1997 Italian Open for Mens Singles,"Álex Corretja defeated Marcelo Ríos in the final, 7–5, 7–5, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1997 Italian Open. Thomas Muster was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Scott Draper. Seeds United States Pete Sampras (first round) United States Michael Chang (first round) Austria Thomas Muster (second round) Russia Yevgeny Kafelnikov (third round) Netherlands Richard Krajicek (second round) Croatia Goran Ivanišević (semifinals) Chile Marcelo Ríos (final) Spain Carlos Moyà (third round) South Africa Wayne Ferreira (first round) Spain Álex Corretja (champion) Spain Álbert Costa (third round) Germany Boris Becker (third round) Spain Félix Mantilla (first round) United Kingdom Tim Henman (second round) Switzerland Marc Rosset (third round) Australia Mark Philippoussis (first round)","Pete Sampras (first round) Michael Chang (first round) Thomas Muster (second round) Yevgeny Kafelnikov (third round) Richard Krajicek (second round) Goran Ivanišević (semifinals) Marcelo Ríos (final) Carlos Moyà (third round) Wayne Ferreira (first round) Álex Corretja (champion) Álbert Costa (third round) Boris Becker (third round) Félix Mantilla (first round) Tim Henman (second round) Marc Rosset (third round) Mark Philippoussis (first round)",summarization Name some famous actors in the 1940's,,"Jennifer Jones, Barbara Stanwyck, Greer Garson, Humphrey Bogart, Bette Davis, Bob Hope, Gregory Peck, David Niven, Victor Mature, James Cagney, Betty Grable, Judy Garland, Janet Leigh, Spencer Tracy.",open_qa "Classify each item as ""soft"" or ""hard"": bowling ball, cinder block, tissue, memory foam, croissant, hammer",,"Bowling Ball: Hard Cinder Block: Hard Tissue: Soft Memory Foam: Soft Croissant: Soft Hammer: Hard",classification "Tell me whether the following people are athletes: LeBron James, Eileen Gu, Bjergsen, Rory McIlroy, Naomi Osaka.",,"All of these people are athletes with the exception of Bjergsen. Bjergsen is a League of Legends (LoL) player. While LoL is considered an e-sport, its players do not fit into the traditional definition of an athlete, which is generally defined as someone who competes in physical sports. Having said that, some would say that competitive e-sports require significant mental stamina and finger dexterity, so one could argue that Bjergsen is an athlete.",classification "I have a small ball, what games can I play?",,"You can play tennis, squash, cricket and baseball with a small ball.",brainstorming "Which of the following numbers are used in numbered golf irons: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10",,"2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9",classification "Tell me whether these are cats or dogs: French Bulldogs, Ragdoll, British Shorthair, Labrador, Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, Maine Coon, Poodles, Bulldogs, Persian, Rottweilers, Devon Rex, Beagles.",,"French Bulldogs are a type of dog. Ragdoll is a type of cat. British Shorthair is a type of cat. Labrador Retrievers are a type of dog. Golden Retrievers are a type of dog. German Shepherds are a type of dog. Maine Coon is a type of cat. Poodles are a type of dog. Bulldogs are a type of dog. Persian is a type of cat. Rottweilers are a type of dog. Devon Rex is a type of cat. Beagles are a type of dog.",classification "What is the movie ""Everything Everywhere All at Once"" about?",,"The movie is about an immigrant Chinese family who runs a laundromat and gets involved into a multi-verse quest to prevent a creature from destroying the universe. The family consists of Evelyn Wang, Waymond Wang and their daughter Joy. In the beginning of the movie their laundromat business is getting audited by the IRS, Waymond is trying to serve Evelyn divorce papers, and Joy is trying to get accepted for her lesbian relationship. In that difficult time for the family, Evelyn Wang discovers that she was chosen to fight against that great evil destroying the universe, and she should do that by connecting with versions of herself from parallel universes. It is an action packed comedy-drama adventure of Emily fulfilling the mission of saving the universe, and in conclusion deciding not to leave her current life for another version of it.",open_qa "Classify each of the following as either a city or a country: Delhi, China, Tokyo, Australia, India, Kuala Lumpur, Egypt, Morocco, Paris, London, Finland, Dubai, Angola, Chennai, Cape Town, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ecuador, Sao Paulo, Toronto, Iran, Moscow, Berlin, Slovenia, Prague, Italy, Milan, Argentina, Cuba, Cambodia, Brunei, Jakarta, Manila",,"The following are countries - China, Australia, India, Egypt, Morocco, Finland, Angola, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ecuador, Iran, Slovenia, Italy, Argentina, Cuba, and the Philippines The following are cities - Delhi, Tokyo, Kuala Lumpur, Paris, London, Dubai, Chennai, Cape Town, Sao Paulo, Toronto, Moscow, Berlin, Prague, Milan, Jakarta, and Manila",classification What are 5 different edible uses for Tomatoes?,,"- Marinara Sauce - Salsa - Hamburger Topping - Bruschetta - BLT",brainstorming Who were the commanders of the two armies involved in the Battle of Hastings?,,"The Norman-French army was commanded by William, the Duke of Normandy. The English army fought for King Harold Godwinson.",open_qa Is Killing is Sin ? Is it ture,,Killing a human being should not be sin because same goes to any animal. So either both are sin or any one of it is not should not be accepted.,brainstorming "Identify the musical interval (e.g perfect fifth, major third) associated with the following pairs of notes: C-G G-B E-A C-Fsharp Eflat-C D-Csharp B-F",,"C-G : perfect fifth G-B: major third E-A: perfect fourth C-Fsharp: augmented fourth Eflat-C: major sixth D-Csharp: major seventh B-F: diminished fifth",classification "Given this paragraph about Mohamed Fourati, at what age was he appointed as hospital assistant?","A year after getting his philosophy baccalaureate in his native town Sfax, Mohamed Fourati moved to Lille (France) to pursue his graduate education in the medical school of Lille. In order to validate his studies, he became an intern in the Farhat-Hachad Hospital of Sousse. Traveling between the two continents, he secured, in 1959, a medical doctorate at the medical school of Lille. He performed his military service, the following year, in the region of El Kef (in north-eastern Tunisia) and in Kébili (southern Tunisia). He continued to specialize in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery at the Saint-Joseph Hospital of Paris. He got assigned to the general surgery unit of doctors Saïd Mestiri and Zouhair Essafi at the Habib-Thameur Hospital in Tunis. In 1961, over the month of July, he worked as a surgeon in the battle of Bizerte, performing surgery on patients 20 hours a day for many days. He got appointed as hospital assistant in 1966, then earned the title of chief physician of the surgical ward in the Habib-Thameur Hospital in May 1968 and became, at the age of 35, the youngest chief physician in Tunisia. In November of the same year, he performed the first open-heart surgery, favored by a delegation of doctors of the IFTHD (led by Charles Hahn of the Cantonal hospital of Geneva (Switzerland) ).","He was appointed hospital assistant in 1966. In 1968, he was 35 years old. So in 1966, he was 33 years old.",closed_qa Who are some of the best guitarists of all time?,,"Jimi Hendrix Duane Allman B.B. King Eric Clapton Robert Johnson Chuck Berry Stevie Ray Vaughan Ry Cooder Jimmy Page Keith Richards Kirk Hammett Kurt Cobain Jerry Garcia Jeff Beck Carlos Santana Johnny Ramone Jack White John Frusciante Richard Thompson James Burton George Harrison Mike Bloomfield Warren Haynes The Edge Freddie King Tom Morello Mark Knopfler Stephen Stills Ron Asheton Buddy Guy Dick Dale John Cipollina Lee Ranaldo Thurston Moore John Fahey Steve Cropper Bo Diddley Peter Green Brian May John Fogerty Clarence White Robert Fripp Eddie Hazel Scotty Moore Frank Zappa Les Paul T-Bone Walker Joe Perry John McLaughlin Pete Townshend Paul Kossoff Lou Reed Mickey Baker Jorma Kaukonen Ritchie Blackmore Tom Verlaine Roy Buchanan Dickey Betts Jonny Greenwood Ed O'Brien Ike Turner Zoot Horn Rollo Danny Gatton Mick Ronson Hubert Sumlin Vernon Reid Link Wray Jerry Miller Steve Howe Eddie Van Halen Lightnin' Hopkins Joni Mitchell Trey Anastasio Johnny Winter Adam Jones Ali Farka Toure Henry Vestine Robbie Robertson Cliff Gallup Robert Quine Derek Trucks David Gilmour Neil Young Eddie Cochran Randy Rhoads Tony Iommi Joan Jett Dave Davies D Boon Glen Buxton Robby Krieger Fred ""Sonic"" Smith Wayne Kramer Bert Jansch Kevin Shields Angus Young Robert Randolph Leigh Stephens Greg Ginn Kim Thayil",brainstorming What country has the 2nd highest bungie jump in the world?,,"The Nevis bungie jump in Queestown, New Zealand is the seconds highest bungie jump in the world. It is considered world famous because travelers, including celebrities have taken the plunge. You freefall 134 meters in a canyon which offers about 5 - 7 seconds of freefall. The entire Lord of Rings cast has also done the Nevis bungie jump when they were filming the movie series in New Zealand. The Nevis bungie jump has an amazing safety track record and 0 deaths from the extreme sport they offer.",open_qa "Tell me whether these are countries or cities: Sweden, Bangalore, Panama, Pakistan, Lebanon, Los Angeles",,"The following are countries: Sweden is a country in Europe, Pakistan is a country in South Asia and Panama is a country in Central America. The following are cities: Bangalore is a city in the southern region of India Los Angeles is a city in the south wested part of the United States of America. Lebanon can refer to both a country and a city. The country of Lebanon is situated in the Middle East, while the city of Lebanon is located in the state of New Hampshire in the United States of America.",classification "Classify each of the following as either names or objects: Mike, car, paper, Roger, wheel, Will, lamp, Clara, Fabiana, Peter.",,"Car, paper, wheel and lamp are objects. The rest are names.",classification Give me the list of philosophers of science from the 19th century,,"Here is the list of philosophers of science from the 19th century: - Auguste Comte - William Whewell - George Henry Lewes - William Stanley Jevons - Ernst Mach - Charles Sanders Peirce - Edmund Husserl - Frederich Engels",brainstorming "Write a dplyr statement takes a dataframe, filters it by the tastiness string column for ""super awesome"" then creates a new column called pct_sugar that takes the total_sugar metric and divides it by mass",,"library(dplyr) dataframe %>% filter(tastiness == ""super awesome"") %>% mutate(pct_sugar, total_sugar/mass)",creative_writing "Classify these movies based on their release year Kedarnath, Bala, Raazi, Kaashi, Article 15",,"2018 - Kedarnath, Raazi, Kaashi 2019 - Bala, Article 15",classification "In The Big Lebowski, The Dude can't stand which band?",,The Eagles.,open_qa "Tell me whether these sports require a ball or not to play: basketball, hockey, track and field, soccer, surfing, water polo, karate, football, gymnastics, skateboarding, golf, tennis, boxing, baseball, rugby, weightlifting, softball, rowing",,"Basketball, soccer, water polo, football, golf, tennis, baseball, rugby, and softball require a ball to play. Hockey, track and field, surfing, karate, gymnastics, skateboarding, boxing, weightlifting, and rowing do not require a ball.",classification How many U.S. Presidents have served in the military?,,"Twenty-six U.S. Presidents have served in various branches of the military. George Washington Thomas Jefferson James Madison James Monroe Andrew Jackson William Henry Harrison John Tyler James K. Polk Zachary Taylor Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James A. Garfield Chester A. Arthur Benjamin Harrison William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson Richard M. Nixon Gerald R. Ford, Jr. Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan George Bush George W. Bush",brainstorming List 10 highest-grossing actors in the world.,"The following are non-definitive lists of the actors with the highest career-film grosses. There are box-office gross revenue lists, which are not adjusted for inflation, as well as lists for the number of box-office ticket sales. Because of the long-term effects of inflation on movie theater ticket prices, a list unadjusted for inflation gives far more weight to later actors. Therefore, the gross revenue lists are largely meaningless for comparing acting careers widely separated in time, as many actors from earlier eras will never appear on a modern unadjusted list, despite their films' achieving higher commercial success when adjusted for price increases.","The following are non-definitive lists of the actors with the highest career-film grosses. There are box-office gross revenue lists, which are not adjusted for inflation, as well as lists for the number of box-office ticket sales. Because of the long-term effects of inflation on movie theater ticket prices, a list unadjusted for inflation gives far more weight to later actors. Therefore, the gross revenue lists are largely meaningless for comparing acting careers widely separated in time, as many actors from earlier eras will never appear on a modern unadjusted list, despite their films' achieving higher commercial success when adjusted for price increases. Lead roles This list only includes leading roles and lead ensemble roles, including voice acting. The list is updated as of 12 January 2023. Rank Actor Worldwide total Top-grossing film Films Average 1 Scarlett Johansson $14,519,031,650 Avengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755) 33 $439,970,656 2 Robert Downey Jr. $14,393,065,668 Avengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755) 43 $334,722,457 3 Samuel L. Jackson $14,376,505,937 Avengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755) 64 $224,632,905 4 Zoe Saldaña $12,805,874,340 Avatar ($2,899,384,102) 30 $426,862,478 5 Chris Hemsworth $11,958,567,765 Avengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755) 25 $478,342,711 6 Chris Pratt $11,742,796,476 Avengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755) 23 $510,556,369 7 Tom Cruise $11,547,725,996 Top Gun: Maverick ($1,487,575,965) 43 $268,551,767 8 Chris Evans $11,277,890,989 Avengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755) 29 $388,892,793 9 Tom Hanks $10,704,310,520 Toy Story 4 ($1,073,064,540) 55 $194,623,828 10 Vin Diesel $10,537,096,327 Avengers: Infinity War ($2,048,359,754) 27 $390,262,827",closed_qa What's a romatic poem about the universe and time?,,"In the universe I know In the universe I know We are not Here We have missed each other This is why Here, we feel out of sync It’s a eerie recognition I hear your heart I’ve spoken to you before; before Now Shared that same conviction But it’s only a soft hint Here Like a deja vu Is it time or space? It would never be the past The past is old and it’s the has been, done that The past is when we acknowledge Now; the moment we reflect The moment we realize that again time has failed us With its seeds of doubt And badge of wisdom... that necessary caution built brick by brick In the universe I know, we have made it Here To our moment To the moment I’ve been waiting for And then I realize abruptly I’m here alone My thoughts are mine Like an empty stare or worse yet Like a joking friend There are no questions Because questions are for the curious And yours are for Science, not love And when I open my map I see you blazing another path, sirens blaring Coast to coast, I know you are made to conquer But I already made my way down that road And I am not there In the universe I know, we are not Here Instead, we are for another Future And I hope you’ll know me then",creative_writing "When categorizing walnuts, pistachios, peanuts, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, almonds, lentils and chickpeas, which would you say are nuts and which are legumes?",,"Walnuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, cashews, and almonds are all nuts. Peanuts, lentils and chickpeas are legumes.",classification "Classify each of the following as either a bird, animal, reptile or insect: tiger, heron, eagle, alligator, snake, spider, ant, dog, cat, rhinoceros, kingfisher, chameleon, hornet, butterfly",,"mammal- tiger, rhinoceros, dog, cat bird- heron, kingfisher, eagle reptile- snake, alligator, chameleon inset- spider, ant, hornet, butterfly",classification Whose life is the 1965 film 'The Sound of Music' based on?,"The Sound of Music is a musical with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, and a book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse. It is based on the 1949 memoir of Maria von Trapp, The Story of the Trapp Family Singers. Set in Austria on the eve of the Anschluss in 1938, the musical tells the story of Maria, who takes a job as governess to a large family while she decides whether to become a nun. She falls in love with the children, and eventually their widowed father, Captain von Trapp. He is ordered to accept a commission in the German navy, but he opposes the Nazis. He and Maria decide on a plan to flee Austria with the children",It is based on the 1949 memoir of Maria von Trapp,closed_qa Who was the first country to win the cricket world cup in their home soil,,India was the first country to win Cricket World Cup on home soil in 2011.The Indian cricket team are two times World Champions they also won the 1983 Cricket World Cup beating then world champion West Indies.,open_qa "Who are the considered to be the best soccer players of all time, and what countries are they from?",,"Pelé (Brazil), Lionel Messi (Argentina), Cristiano Ronaldo (Portugal), Ronaldo (Brazil), Diego Maradona (Argentina), Franz Beckenbauer (Germany), George Best (Northern Ireland), Michel Platini (France), Johan Cruyff (The Netherlands), and David Beckham (England).",open_qa What is the Nehemiah Hubbard House,,"The Nehemiah Hubbard House is a historic house at the corner of Laurel Grove and Wadsworth Street, Middletown, Connecticut. Built in 1745, it is a center-chimney colonial style house built of clapboard siding and brownstone foundation with wood shingle roof; using a structural system of wood frame, post and beam with gable roof. It was built as a residence which is its current use.",open_qa "When running a marathon and attempting to run a personal best time, categorize the following as either ‘useful’ or ‘not useful’, ‘dangerous’ or ‘neither. Fast digesting carbohydrates, a fire extinguisher, a weight vest, scissors, running shoes",,"Fast digesting carbohydrates are useful to make sure your body has fuel through all 26.2 miles. A fire extinguisher is neither useful or not useful. A weight vest is not useful if you’re attempting to run your personal best. The extra weight will slow you down. Scissors are dangerous, you should never run with scissors. Running shoes are very useful to project your feet and enhance your biomechanics and the efficiency of your stride to run your best time.",classification What season is the best season to visit Chicago?,,"The best 90 days of the year in Chicago is summer. The weather is usually always hot! You can run/walk/bike on the lakefront path, rent a boat and go to the ""playpen"", enjoy a Chicago street festival. Everyone is out and about and it's a marked change from winter.",creative_writing The quit India movement is also known as,,August Kranti,open_qa "If it's called ""free"" climbing, why do climbers use gear to climb?","Free climbing has been called ""rock climbing's most commonly mistaken term"", with problems including: Incorrectly assuming that ""free climbing"" always means solo climbing, i.e. that you must always be alone and without any partner. Free climbing in traditional climbing and sport climbing uses a supporting belayer. Incorrectly assuming that ""free climbing"" always means free soloing, i.e. that you must never use any climbing protection equipment. Free climbing in traditional climbing and sport climbing uses climbing protection (but not to aid progression). Incorrectly assuming that ""free climbing"" always means onsighting or flashing, i.e. that you must always climb the route first try. Free climbing in traditional climbing and sport climbing also uses the redpoint as a definition of a first free ascent.","Free climbing refers to a form of rock climbing in which the climber ascends without the use of gear to aid progression. It is a common misunderstanding that free climbing means climbing with no protective gear. Both sport and traditional climbing make use of protective gear to prevent injury and death, and are both considered free climbing. This is in contrast to free solo climbing, another form of free climbing in which the climber uses no protective gear.",closed_qa What are four reasons why you have a car on your front lawn?,,"1. I ran out of parking in my driveway 2. The car drips oil and the grass absorbs the oil better than the concrete driveway 3. It dropped from the sky and I don't have the money to get it removed 4. My wife often kicks me out of the house and I use it to sleep in",brainstorming "Classify the countries based on the hemisphere they are located. New Zealand, Tonga, Palau, Hungary, India, Japan, Latvia",,"Southern hemisphere - New Zealand, Tonga, Palau Northern hemisphere - Hungary, India, Japan, Latvia",classification "Who is the 6th player in Women's NCAA D-I Basketball to score 1,000 points in a single season?",,"If you watched any of the Women's March Madness 2023 games, especially Iowa, then you witnessed greatness in the making by Caitlin Clark. This 1,000 point feat in a single season, happened midway through the game against the powerhouse (undefeated at the time) South Carolina Gamecocks on March 31, 2023. It's also worth noting that in the same game, Caitlin dropped 41 points and her three-point range is Steph Curry like.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ferrinho, Bandurria",,"Bandurria is string, Ferrinho is percussion.",classification How many years has it been since the city of Calcutta was officially renamed Kolkata?,"Kolkata also known as Calcutta (the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal, on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River 80 km (50 mi) west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary business, commercial, and financial hub of Eastern India and the main port of communication for North-East India. According to the 2011 Indian census, Kolkata is the seventh-most populous city in India, with a population of 45 lakh (4.5 million) residents within the city. It is a part of Kolkata Metropolitan Area (or known as Greater Kolkata) which has a population of over 1.41 crore (14.1 million) residents making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. In 2021, the Kolkata metropolitan area crossed 1.5 crore (15 million) registered voters. The Port of Kolkata is India's oldest operating port and its sole major riverine port. Kolkata is regarded as the cultural capital of India. Kolkata is the second largest Bengali-speaking city after Dhaka. It has the highest number of nobel laureates among all cities in India.",It has been 22 years since Calcutta was renamed Kolkata.,closed_qa Give me a bulleted list of the top five most followed people on instagram.,,"1. @cristiano 2. @leomessi 3. @selenagomez 4. @kyliejenner 5. @therock",brainstorming "Classify these vehicles by class. Mercedes A-Class, BMW M4, Toyota Camry, Ford F150, CyberTruck",,"Mercedes A-Class: Car BMW M4: Car Toyota Camry: Car Ford F150: Truck CyberTruck: Truck",classification Write a short story about a botanist who discovers a part of a forest where plants are communicating with each other.,,"Anya was a college student studying botany, and was tasked with identifying a broad range of fungi in a local forest. Since she also enjoyed camping, she decided to go deep into the forest during a long weekend to complete her assignment. As she got deeper into the forest, away from civilization, the tree cover became thicker, and therefore the floor of the forest became darker. ""Perfect for fungi growth!"" she thought. She started seeing more and more fungi, some on the trees, some on rotting logs, and some on the forest floor. Peculiarly, most of the fungi she began to see as she got deeper in the forest were green, which was quite unusual. She catalogued all the fungi she saw for the next several days. On her way out, she took the same path she came in on, but noticed that the fungi along her path had changed to possess typical colors of fungi, not the green she had seen when she came in. She explored perpendicular to her path, and found a slowly changing range of colors, until she saw the same green she had seen when she came in. She needed to return to school, but decided to come back the next weekend. When she arrived back into the fungi's domain, she saw something breathtaking as she explored. Everywhere she had gone, a ripple of colors seemed to have formed. The fungi had reacted to her presence, and sent signals to the other fungi in the area, where the signal had been propagated. Some of the fungi on her original path had even returned to the original green color she had observed upon entering the forest. She also noticed the local fauna completely avoided the areas where the fungi had changed from its original green color. It seemed as though the fungi had developed a warning system for the forest to detect humans!",creative_writing Seven Wonders of the Underwater World,,"Here's a list of the Seven Wonders of the Underwater World: - Palau - Belize Barrier Reef, Belize - Great Barrier Reef, Australia - Deep-sea hydrothermal vents (worldwide) - Galápagos Islands, Ecuador - Lake Baikal, Russia - Northern Red Sea, bordered by Saudi Arabia and Yemen on the eastern shore, and Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, and Djibouti on the western shore",brainstorming Give me a bunch of ways I can keep my house cool in the summer,,"- Install whole house AC that's integrated with your heating system - Buy an in-window unit to keep an individual room cool - Install a whole house fan that pulls in cool air from open windows at night into living area and exhausts the hot air into the attic - Place fans throughout the house but place them in front of open windows at night to pull in cool air - Install a swamp cooler, it's sometimes cheaper than installing a full AC system - Make sure to close windows and curtains in the morning hours after the house cools down over night - Get a cooler filled with ice and place a fan into it forcing cold air into the room. The ice will melt fast so be ready to refill often. Not the most efficient but in a pinch it can help",brainstorming Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name},"The twelve-member basketball selection committee is made up of athletic directors and conference commissioners throughout Division I men's and women's athletics with separate committees for the men's and women's tournaments. The committees consist of one member selected from each of the five autonomy conferences and three members selected from the seven highest-ranked nonautonomy conferences based on basketball success. The remaining four members are selected from the 20 other conferences. All appointments are for five years. Historically the men's selection committee consisted of all men, and the women's selection committee consisted of all women. However, recently women have been serving on the men’s committee (including Judy Rose, Lynn Hickey, Janet Cone, and current member Bernadette McGlade), and men have been serving on the women’s committee (including Richard Ensor and current member Jeff Konya). The tournament selection is only part of the committee members' duties; the panels meet year-round (in-person or through conference calls) to discuss the tournament and its administration, evaluate teams, assign tournament game officials, and determine future tournament sites.","• Judy Rose • Lynn Hickey • Janet Cone • Bernadette McGlade • Richard Ensor • Jeff Konya",information_extraction Write a polite rejection response to a LinkedIn recruiter,,"Hi there, thank you for your interest. At this time, I am not interested to explore. I will save your name and reconnect when I am open to a new opportunity.",creative_writing "Categorize these car models as either 'fully electric', 'hybrid', 'plug-in', 'gasoline': Toyota Camry 2017 SE, Tesla Model 3, Toyota Prius, 2022 Ford Escape Plug-In Hybrid, Rivian",,Tesla cars and Rivian cars are fully electric. Toyota Prius is a hybrid car. 2022 Ford Escape Plug-In Hybrid is plug-in hybrid. Toyota Camry 2017 SE is full gasoline.,classification "Who has been an announcer on the gameshow ""The Price is Right""?",,"Rich Fields, George Gray, Johnny Olson, Rod Roddy",open_qa What is better: Tiramisu with chocolate or with Strawberries ?,"Tiramisu appears to have been invented in the 1960s, but where and when exactly is unclear. The recipe for tiramisu is not found in cookbooks before the 1960s. It is mentioned in a Sydney Morning Herald restaurant column published in 1978. It is not mentioned in encyclopedias and dictionaries of the 1970s, first appearing in an Italian dictionary in 1980, and in English in 1982. It is mentioned in a 1983 cookbook devoted to cooking of the Veneto. Obituaries for the restaurateur Ado Campeol (1928–2021) reported that it was invented at his restaurant Le Beccherie in Treviso on 24 December 1969 by his wife Alba di Pillo (1929–2021) and the pastry chef Roberto Linguanotto. The dish was added to its menu in 1972. Accounts by Carminantonio Iannaccone claim the tiramisu sold at Le Beccherie was made by him in his bakery, created on 24 December 1969. It has been claimed that tiramisu has aphrodisiac effects and was concocted by a 19th-century Treviso brothel madam, as the Accademia Del Tiramisù explains, to ""solve the problems they may have had with their conjugal duties on their return to their wives"". There is evidence of a ""Tiremesù"" semi-frozen dessert served by the Vetturino restaurant in Pieris, in the Friuli Venezia Giulia, since 1938. This may be the name's origin, while the recipe for Tiramisu may have originated as a variation of another layered dessert, Zuppa Inglese. Others claim it was created towards the end of the 17th century in Siena in honour of Grand Duke Cosimo III. On 29 July 2017, Tiramisu was entered by the Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies on the list of traditional Friulian and Giulian agri-food products in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region. In 2013, Luca Zaia, governor of Veneto sought European Union Protected Status certification for the dessert, based on the ingredients used in 1970, so substitute ingredients, such as strawberries, could not be used in a dish called tiramisu",Tiramisu with strawberries can not be called Tiramisu. Only with chocolate.,closed_qa How many countries in Europe do have the Euro as monetary currency?,"The euro area, commonly called eurozone (EZ), is a currency union of 20 member states of the European Union (EU) that have adopted the euro (€) as their primary currency and sole legal tender, and have thus fully implemented EMU policies.",20,closed_qa What are the top 5 television sitcoms of all time?,,"1. Seinfeld 2. The Office 3. Mash 4. Cheers 5. Friends",brainstorming Did Harry Potter put his own name in the goblet of fire?,,"Harry did not put his own name in the goblet of fire. Barty Crouch Junior, using polyjuice potion to disguise himself as Alistair Moody, put Harry's name in the goblet of fire as part of his plan to deliver Harry into Lord Voldemort's hands.",open_qa "Classify each country as being in the Caribbean or Mediterranean: Haiti, Cuba, Jamaica, Greece, Italy, France",,"Haiti: Caribbean Cuba: Caribbean Jamaica: Caribbean Greece: Mediterranean Italy: Mediterranean France: Mediterranean",classification "Given a reference text about the Driftwood River, tell me what main river it is part of.","The Driftwood River is a 15.5-mile-long (24.9 km) tributary of the East Fork of the White River in central Indiana in the United States. Via the White, Wabash and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. It is a short river, formed by the confluence of two longer streams a short distance upstream of its mouth. Course The Driftwood River is formed in southeastern Johnson County, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Edinburgh, by the confluence of Sugar Creek and the Big Blue River. It flows generally southwardly through northwestern Bartholomew County to Columbus, where it joins the Flatrock River to form the East Fork of the White River. Near Edinburgh, IN, Driftwood River has a mean annual discharge of 1,210 cubic feet per second.[",The Driftwood River is part of the Mississippi River.,closed_qa "Which of the following items does not look the same as the others? Banana, orange, plum, pomegranate, watermelon.",,The correct answer is banana; all of the fruits listed are round except for banana.,classification Give me a list of most influential people in the world.,,"Elon Musk, Bill Gates, Jeff Bezos, Vladimir Putin, Warren Buffett, Xi Jinping",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Giga, Panflute, Chuniri, Dizi",,"Dizi and Panflute are woodwind, Giga and Chuniri are string.",classification Give me a list of what to do with used brake rotors.,,"Scrap them for their raw metal value. Use them as a heavy base for a pole, mailbox, or similar. Use them as workout weights. Use them as anchors.",brainstorming Give me a list of top five tourist attractions to visit in Europe,,"Europe is a continent with different countries that have a diverse culture and history with a lot of tourist attraction places to visit - 1. Venice, Italy - Venice is very popular for romantic gateway with lovely canals, hundreds of bridges, stunning architecture and amazing food. 2. Paris, France - speaking of Paris it is a must on every couples bucket list to visit for a romantic gateway. The city itself is a work of art and much more to do beyond watching the Eiffel Tower lit up! 3. Lisbon, Portugal - Lisbon is one of the best place in Europe for those seeking amazing food, excellent weather, night life , history, etc. 4.Amsterdam, Netherlands - best knowing for bicycle friendly and famous for canals, fascinating architecture and coffee shops. 5. Rome, Italy - Rome has thousands of years of history and culture. The main attraction being Colosseum the city is known for stunning architecture.",brainstorming "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Iron Man, Batman, Steel",,"Batman and Steel are DC, Iron Man is Marvel",classification "Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: Jaguar, GMC",,"GMC is American, Jaguar is British",classification "Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Malawi or Norfolk Island. Mzuzu, Blantyre, Kingston, Lilongwe",,"Malawi - Blantyre, Lilongwe, Mzuzu Norfolk Island - Kingston",classification What is a vegetarian diet?,,"A vegetarian diet is one in which someone eats no meat, but will consume other animal products such as eggs or dairy",open_qa "Tell me whether these are a solid, liquid, or gas",,"book, oxygen, water, juice, coffee, nitrogen, mug, glasses, metal",classification Who invented the telephone?,,"In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was the first to obtain a United States patent for a device that produced a clearly intelligible replica of the human voice on a second device. A resolution passed by the United States House of Representatives on June 11, 2002 called for recognition of Antonio Meucci's work and contributions towards the invention of the telephone.",open_qa What NFL team was moved out of Ohio and became the Baltimore Ravens in 1996?,,"The owner of the Cleveland Browns, Art Modell, decided to relocate the team from Cleveland to Baltimore. However, a settlement decided that the titles, history, and colors would stay in Cleveland and the personnel and team were moved to Baltimore. Cleveland was without a football team from 1996 until replacements were established in 1999.",open_qa "Which do you prefer, cakes or pies? Describe why you believe this way.",,"Pies are superior than cakes. Both cakes and pies have a wide variety of flavor options, with options to have pies or cakes filled with fruit, chocolate, mousse or any number of other flavors. Therefore, the variety of flavors is a tie between cakes and pies. However, pies are better for two main reasons. The first is that they typically have a much richer flavor in their filling, whereas cakes are often less flavorful and the frosting is too sweet. Second, pies don't suffer from dry fillings, whereas far too many cakes are completely dry. This makes pies overall a much better dessert to choose.",creative_writing "Tell me wether these are cities, or states? IL, chicago, Texas, Fremont, Washington, Washington DC, san jose, bay area",,"Washington DC, Chicago, Freemont, San jose are cities, and IL, Texas, Washington are US states. Bay area is neither a state nor a city. It is referring to the area in northern CA which consists of multiple cities.",classification Who was Thomas Ransom,,"Thomas Harvey Ransom (August 8, 1870 – June 3, 1946) was an American football and basketball coach and a doctor.",open_qa Does Gen Z appreciate Radiohead's music?,,"Everyone appreciates Radiohead's music. It's timeless, the tune is catchy, the lyrics are deep, the vocal is excellent, the moodiness of the songs resonate with young people from every nation.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Bendir, Rabel",,"Rabel is string, Bendir is percussion.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Handbell, Dobro",,"Dobro is string, Handbell is percussion.",classification "Classify the following types of cars as ""economy"" or ""luxury"": Ford, Chevrolet, Lamborghini, Ferrari, Mercedes, Honda, Lexus, Toyota, Nissan, Subaru",,"Ford, Chevrolet, Honda, Toyota, and Subaru are high-quality car brands, but are generally not considered to be ""luxury"" brands. Lamborghini, Ferrari, Mercedes, and Lexus are luxury brands.",classification "Based on the passage, which directors were considered for directing the Spider-Man movie apart from Raimi?","Spider-Man is a 2002 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero of the same name. Directed by Sam Raimi from a screenplay by David Koepp, it is the first installment in Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy, and stars Tobey Maguire as the titular character, alongside Willem Dafoe, Kirsten Dunst, James Franco, Cliff Robertson, and Rosemary Harris. The film chronicles Spider-Man's origin story and early superhero career. After being bitten by a genetically-altered spider, outcast teenager Peter Parker develops spider-like superhuman abilities and adopts a masked superhero identity to fight crime and injustice in New York City, facing the sinister Green Goblin (Dafoe) in the process. Development on a live-action Spider-Man film began in the 1980s. Filmmakers Tobe Hooper, James Cameron, and Joseph Zito were all attached to direct the film at one point. However, the project would languish in development hell due to licensing and financial issues. After progress on the film stalled for nearly 25 years, it was licensed for a worldwide release by Columbia Pictures in 1999 after it acquired options from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) on all previous scripts developed by Cannon Films, Carolco, and New Cannon. Exercising its option on just two elements from the multi-script acquisition (a different screenplay was written by James Cameron, Ted Newsom, John Brancato, Barney Cohen, and Joseph Goldman), Sony hired Koepp to create a working screenplay (credited as Cameron's), and Koepp received sole credit in final billing. Directors Roland Emmerich, Ang Lee, Chris Columbus, Barry Sonnenfeld, Tim Burton, Michael Bay, Jan de Bont, M. Night Shyamalan, Tony Scott, and David Fincher were considered to direct the project before Raimi was hired as director in 2000. The Koepp script was rewritten by Scott Rosenberg during pre-production and received a dialogue polish from Alvin Sargent during production. Filming took place in Los Angeles and New York City from January to June 2001. Sony Pictures Imageworks handled the film's visual effects.","Roland Emmerich, Ang Lee, Chris Columbus, Barry Sonnenfeld, Tim Burton, Michael Bay, Jan de Bont, M. Night Shyamalan, Tony Scott, and David Fincher.",information_extraction Given me a list of the seven most recent Indian prime ministers,,"Here is the list of the seven most recent Indian Prime ministers: 1. Narendra Modi - 2104 - now 2. Manmohan Singh - 2004 - 2014 3. Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1998 - 2004 4. Inder Kumar Gujral 1997 - 1998 5. H. D. Deve Gowda 1996 - 1997 6. Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1996 - 1996 7. P. V. Narasimha Rao 1991 - 1996",brainstorming "Identify the first run broadcast network (ABC, NBC, or CBS) of the following TV shows: Castle, Chicago Fire, CSI, ER, Grey's Anatomy, Scandal, Seinfeld, Magnum PI",,"In the US, Castle, Grey's Anatomy, and Scandal were first broadcast on ABC Chicago Fire, ER and Seinfeld were first broadcast on NBC. CSI and Magnum PI were first broadcast on CBS, though Magnum PI switched to NBC for the 5th season of the rebooted series.",classification What is the difference between a hazard and out of bounds on a golf course?,,"On a golf course, out of bounds areas are marked with white stakes that denote the property boundary of the course. Hazards are marked with red stakes that denote a penalty area within the property of the course (e.g., water, marsh). When a ball is hit out of bounds, the golfer is penalized one shot and is required to hit the ball again from the same spot. When a ball it hit in a hazard, the golfer is also penalized one shot, but has the option to hit the next shot from the same spot or from the point where the ball crossed the hazard boundary.",open_qa How many Olympic venues are there for canoeing,"For the Summer Olympics there are 26 venues that have been or will be used in canoeing. Initially set for canoe sprint (flatwater racing until November 2008), canoe slalom (slalom racing until November 2008) was first added at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. Dropped after those games, canoe slalom was reinstitute at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.","For the Summer Olympics there are 26 venues that have been or will be used in canoeing. Initially set for canoe sprint (flatwater racing until November 2008), canoe slalom (slalom racing until November 2008) was first added at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. Dropped after those games, canoe slalom was reinstituted at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. Games Venue Other sports hosted at venue for those games Capacity Ref. 1936 Berlin Berlin-Grünau Regatta Course Rowing 19,000 1948 London Henley Royal Regatta Rowing Not listed. 1952 Helsinki Taivallahti None Not listed. 1956 Melbourne Lake Wendouree Rowing 14,300 1960 Rome Lake Albano Rowing 10,000 1964 Tokyo Lake Sagami None 1,500 1968 Mexico City Virgilio Uribe Rowing and Canoeing Course Rowing 17,600 1972 Munich Eiskanal (slalom) None 25,000 Regattastrecke Oberschleißheim (sprint) Rowing 41,000 1976 Montreal Notre Dame Island Rowing 27,000 1980 Moscow Krylatskoye Sports Complex Canoeing and Rowing Basin Rowing 21,600 1984 Los Angeles Lake Casitas Rowing 4,680 1988 Seoul Han River Regatta Course/Canoeing Site Rowing 25,000 1992 Barcelona Canal Olímpic de Catalunya (sprint) None 500 Parc Olímpic del Segre (slalom) None 2,500 1996 Atlanta Lake Lanier (sprint) Rowing 17,300 Ocoee Whitewater Center (slalom) None 14,400 2000 Sydney Penrith Whitewater Stadium (slalom) None 12,500 Sydney International Regatta Centre (sprint) Rowing 20,000 2004 Athens Olympic Canoe/Kayak Slalom Centre (slalom) None 3,150 Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre (sprint) Rowing 14,000 2008 Beijing Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park Rowing, Swimming (marathon) 37,000 2012 London Dorney Lake (sprint) Rowing 30,000 Lee Valley White Water Centre (slalom) None 12,000 2016 Rio de Janeiro Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas (sprint) Rowing 14,000 Olympic Whitewater Stadium (slalom) None 8,000 2020 Tokyo Kasai Rinkai Park (slalom) None 7,500 Sea Forest Waterway (sprint) Rowing 12,800",information_extraction "Tell me whether each South Park character is a kid or adult: Randy, Stan, Kyle, Butters, Sharon",,"Randy: Adult Stan: Kid Kyle: Kid Butters: Kid Sharon: Adult",classification What is viscosity?,,"Viscosity is a measurement of how a substance flows due to its consistency as a fluid or semifluid. A lower viscosity substance, like water, will flow more easily than a higher viscosity substance, like honey.",open_qa Give me a list of the best rappers of all time,,"Eminem Andre 3000 Tupac Jay-Z Kanye West Kendrick Lamar Lauryn Hill Nas",brainstorming "Give me a list of the top ten tv shows, according to IMDb ratings.",,"1. Planet Earth II (2016), 9.4 points 2. Breaking Bad (2008), 9.4 points 3. Planet Earth (2006), 9.4 points 4. Band of Brothers (2001), 9.4 points 5. Chernobyl (2019), 9.3 points 6. The Wire (2002), 9.3 points 7. Avatar: The Last Airbender (2005), 9.2 points 8. Blue Planet II (2017), 9.2 points 9. The Sopranos (1999), 9.2 points 10. Cosmos (2014), 9.2 points",brainstorming Give me six story ideas for writing a children's book.,,"1. A dog gets lost and needs to find its owner. 2. A child is exploring a field and discovers lots of animals hiding in it. 3. A child and their doll go through a day, waking up, eating breakfast, going outside, taking a nap, reading a book, eating dinner, taking a bath, and going to sleep. 4. A giraffe astronaut flies to Mars and discovers friendly Martians who help the giraffe to fix his spaceship and return home to Earth. 5. Ten different animals must work together to pass a letter from a remote village to an apartment in a city. 6. The book can explain the concept of gravity in simple, funny ways which entertain both parents and children.",brainstorming Who are the five best basketball players in the history of the Boston Celtics?,,"1. Bill Russell 2. Larry Bird 3. Bob Cousy 4. Tommy Heinsohn 5. Paul Pierce",brainstorming Suggest 5 horror films to me,,"Psycho Babadook The Exorcist Saw Rosemary's Baby",brainstorming Classify each of the following words as either a noun or a verb,,"Brian, running, chair, eating, listen, dog",classification How can I ask my aging father-in-law to see the cardiologist when he doesn't want to go?,,"Papa, I was concerned yesterday when you started getting shortness of breath and your chest started to hurt you. It made me really concerned for you. Papa, I want to tell you something, I know your daughter would want to say to you, but it is really hard for her to say. You are a strong man. Your daughter has always seen you as a strong man. Asking you to do something you wouldn't want to do is something she couldn't picture herself asking you to do. Yesterday, she wanted to beg you to go see the cardiologist to check on your heart. She knows you hate to go to the doctor. She didn't want you to see the cardiologist because she thinks you are no longer a strong man. It is because she loves you. She wants you around for many years. She wants you to be part of seeing our kids grow up. She wants you to come to your grandkids sporting events. As your son-in-law, I am asking you to come with me to the cardiologist. I'll respect your privacy. I can come in with you or I can wait out in the family room. You can take it one step at a time. They will give you a few tests. You'll get the results. The doctor will talk to you about the results and discuss any recommendations they may have. It is in your control to take those recommendations. You will never loose control. What do you think, Papa. Can I take you to the doctor?",creative_writing Give me a comma separated list of factors that can cause Insulin oscillation.,"The insulin concentration in blood increases after meals and gradually returns to basal levels during the next 1–2 hours. However, the basal insulin level is not stable. It oscillates with a regular period of 3-6 min. After a meal the amplitude of these oscillations increases but the periodicity remains constant. The oscillations are believed to be important for insulin sensitivity by preventing downregulation of insulin receptors in target cells. Such downregulation underlies insulin resistance, which is common in type 2 diabetes. It would therefore be advantageous to administer insulin to diabetic patients in a manner mimicking the natural oscillations. The insulin oscillations are generated by pulsatile release of the hormone from the pancreas. Insulin originates from beta cells located in the islets of Langerhans. Since each islet contains up to 2000 beta cells and there are one million islets in the pancreas it is apparent that pulsatile secretion requires sophisticated synchronization both within and among the islets of Langerhans.","age, insulin resistance, glycemic level",summarization "Find an item from each category bellow that somehow relates to a banana. place animal vehicle feeling food tech song movie",,"place: Bahamas animal: monkey vehicle: banana boat feeling: warm food: banana pudding tech: mailchimp song: copacabana movie: beverly hills cop",brainstorming "Since it began, how many years has FIVB not been held?","The FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship is an international men's club volleyball competition organised by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), the sport's global governing body. The competition was first contested in 1989 in Italy. It was not held between 1993 and 2008, but since 2009, the competition has been held every year, and has been hosted by Qatar and Brazil except in 2017 and 2018 where both hosted by Poland.",16 years. 2008-1993+1 = 16.,closed_qa The former Chairman of Tata Sons died in road accident en route from where?,,Ahmedabad to Mumbai,open_qa "Classify the below companies based on their market capitalization. Reliance, Adani Enterprise, Tanla, Globus Spirits, Apollo Hospitals, NELCO, Zee Entertainment Enterprises Ltd",,"Small Cap - Tanla, Globus Spirits, NELCO Mid Cap - Zee Entertainment Enterprises Ltd Large Cap - Reliance, Adani Enterprise, Apollo Hospitals",classification What are the words of House Beesbury?,,"While the house motto is not confirmed in canon sources, it is suggested that the words of House Beesbury are ""Beware Our Sting.""",open_qa List the Pokemon Go regions.,,"There are ten regions in Pokémon GO Kanto, Johto, Hoenn, Sinnoh, Unova, Kalos, Alola, Galar, Hisui and Paldea. Certain Pokemon originate from each region and can only be captured within that region.",brainstorming "How many mathematicians does the main protagonist meet in the musical ""Fermat's Last Tango""?","The plot is based on the story of the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem by Andrew Wiles, whose name is changed to ""Daniel Keane"" in the musical. After seven years of isolation in his attic, Keane believes he has found a proof of the theorem. The musical starts with a press conference, where Keane explains his proof to reporters and promises to return to normal life with his wife Anna and his family. After promising to Anna that he is now ""done with Fermat"", Keane is surprised in his study by none other than Fermat himself. Keane asks Fermat for the secret of his proof but is refused. Instead, Fermat introduces him to the ""Aftermath"", a ""heavenly purgatory"" where he meets the famous mathematicians Euclid, Pythagoras, Newton, and Gauss. They inform him that his proof contains a ""big fat hole"". In a second press conference, Keane is questioned by reporters about a flaw in the proof. Anna wishes for a corrected proof for her birthday. Fermat mocks Keane, and the other mathematicians inform him that ""mathematics is a young man's game"". Keane returns to his attic to try to fix his proof, while his ""math widow"" wife is frustrated. Fermat continues to taunt Keane, but he is invisible and inaudible to Anna, and the three dance a ""bizarre tango à trois"" while Anna is confused by Keane talking to Fermat. The other mathematicians from the Aftermath, after noticing that they can't keep up with the mathematics of the past century, decide to grant admission to Keane even if he is unable to prove the theorem. As Keane finally gives up and declares his attempts a failure, Anna suggests that ""within your failure lie the seeds of your success"", repeating a line earlier spoken by the mathematicians. This quickly leads to Keane realising how to close the gap in the argument, and the musical ends with another press conference, and Fermat congratulates Keane for his proof.","The main protagonist meets five mathematicians - Fermat, who appears in Daniel's study, and Euclid, Pythagoras, Newton, and Gauss, who appear in the ""Aftermath"".",information_extraction Give me a list of the best Romantic Comedy Movies,,"My Big Fat Greek Wedding, About Time, P.S. I Love You, Somethings Gotta Give, How To Lose A Guy in Ten Days, Never Been Kissed, Annie Hall, The Big Sick, My Best Friend's Wedding, Sleepless in Seattle, Notting Hill, 10 Things I Hate About You, Bridget Jones's Diary, Clueless, You've Got Mail, When Harry Met Sally",brainstorming Is Anthology 3 the White Album,"Anthology 3 is a compilation album by the Beatles, released on 29 October 1996 by Apple Records as part of The Beatles Anthology series. The album includes rarities and alternative tracks from the final three years of the band's career, ranging from the initial sessions for The Beatles (better known as ""the White Album"") to the last sessions for Let It Be and Abbey Road in 1969 and early 1970. It is the last in a trilogy of albums with Anthology 1 and Anthology 2, all of which tie in with the televised special The Beatles Anthology. The album was certified 3× Platinum by the RIAA and was the group's third double album in a row to reach number one on the US charts, equalling a record set by Donna Summer in the 1970s. The Anthology albums were remastered and made available digitally on the iTunes Store on 14 June 2011, individually and as part of the Anthology Box Set.","Anthology 3 is a compilation album by the Beatles, released on 29 October 1996 by Apple Records as part of The Beatles Anthology series. The album includes rarities and alternative tracks from the final three years of the band's career, ranging from the initial sessions for The Beatles (better known as ""the White Album"") to the last sessions for Let It Be and Abbey Road in 1969 and early 1970. It is the last in a trilogy of albums with Anthology 1 and Anthology 2, all of which tie in with the televised special The Beatles Anthology.",summarization "Categorize these football teams as either ""Spanish"", ""English"", ""German"" or ""Other"". Manchester United, Arsenal, Ajax, Borussia Dortmund, Real Sociedad, Club Atlético River Plate",,"English: Manchester United, Arsenal Spanish: Real Sociedad German: Borussia Dortmund Other: Ajax, Club Atlético River Plate",classification "Briefly explain what are I frames, B frames, and P frames?","In the field of video compression a video frame is compressed using different algorithms with different advantages and disadvantages, centered mainly around amount of data compression. These different algorithms for video frames are called picture types or frame types. The three major picture types used in the different video algorithms are I, P and B. They are different in the following characteristics: I‑frames are the least compressible but don't require other video frames to decode. P‑frames can use data from previous frames to decompress and are more compressible than I‑frames. B‑frames can use both previous and forward frames for data reference to get the highest amount of data compression. Three types of pictures (or frames) are used in video compression: I, P, and B frames. An I‑frame (Intra-coded picture) is a complete image, like a JPG or BMP image file. A P‑frame (Predicted picture) holds only the changes in the image from the previous frame. For example, in a scene where a car moves across a stationary background, only the car's movements need to be encoded. The encoder does not need to store the unchanging background pixels in the P‑frame, thus saving space. P‑frames are also known as delta‑frames. A B‑frame (Bidirectional predicted picture) saves even more space by using differences between the current frame and both the preceding and following frames to specify its content. P and B frames are also called Inter frames. The order in which the I, P and B frames are arranged is called the Group of pictures.","I frames, B frames, and P frames are video frame types used in video codecs. I frames can be decoded without reference to any other frames. They are self-contained descriptions of one frame of the video. P frames and B frames on the other hand reference other frames and must be decoded after the frames they reference have been decoded. P frames only reference frames from earlier in the video whereas B frames can reference frames from earlier or later. Decoding B frames therefore requires decoding the video frames in an order different from the playback order.",summarization What is an index fund?,,An index fund is a basket of individual stocks that is designed to match the performance of specific group of stocks. Index funds allow investors to avoid investing in an individual stock and distribute the investment risk across a broader set of companies.,open_qa "Which of these countries are in Europe, Asia or both? Sweden Russia Georgia Kazakhstan Turkey India Austria Kyrgyzstan Iran Italy Austria",,"Sweden: Europe Russia: Both Georgia: Both Kazakhstan: Both Turkey: Both India: Asia Austria: Europe Kyrgyzstan: Asia Iran: Asia Italy: Europe Austria: Europe",classification How many seasons of Greatest American Hero were there?,,There were three seasons of The Greatest American Hero.,open_qa "Which among the following names belong to League of Legends characters/champions? Rengar, Akhil, Talon, Emily, Lux, Kaisa",,"The following names are related to League of Legends champions as of the current date: - Rengar: Belongs to the ""Assassin"" and the ""Diver"" classes and can be purchased for 4800 BE - Talon: Belongs to the ""Assassin"" class and can be purchased for 3150 BE. - Lux: Belongs to the ""Burst"" and ""Artillery"" classes and can be purchased for 450 BE. - Kai'Sa: Belongs to the ""Marksman"" class and can be purchased for 1350 BE. The remaining names (""Akhil"" and ""Emily"") are not related to League of Legends champions but they may be coincidentally added in the future.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kendang, Gekkin",,"Gekkin is string, Kendang is percussion.",classification "Classify the below persons based on whether they are kids of Shah Rukh Khan or Sanjay Dutt. Suhana, Aryan, AbRam, Trishala, Iqra, Shahraan",,"Shah Rukh Khan’s kids - Suhana, Aryan, AbRam PSanjay Dutt’s kids - Trishala, Iqra, Shahraan",classification "Classify each of the following as either a plant or an animal: Oak Tree, mouse, grass, daisy, zebra, venus fly trap, hawk, whale.",,"The following are plants: Oak Tree, grass, daisy, venus fly trap. The following are animals: Mouse, Zebra, hawk, whale.",classification "Given this paragraph about the origin of zero, in which century did it first make an appearance in India?","Pingala (c. 3rd/2nd century BC), a Sanskrit prosody scholar, used binary numbers in the form of short and long syllables (the latter equal in length to two short syllables), a notation similar to Morse code. Pingala used the Sanskrit word śūnya explicitly to refer to zero. The concept of zero as a written digit in the decimal place value notation was developed in India. A symbol for zero, a large dot likely to be the precursor of the still-current hollow symbol, is used throughout the Bakhshali manuscript, a practical manual on arithmetic for merchants. In 2017, three samples from the manuscript were shown by radiocarbon dating to come from three different centuries: from AD 224–383, AD 680–779, and AD 885–993, making it South Asia's oldest recorded use of the zero symbol. It is not known how the birch bark fragments from different centuries forming the manuscript came to be packaged together.","In the 3rd/2nd century BC, by Pingala, for the first time in India, as ""Sunya"" in Sanskrit.",closed_qa Extract the places in the following paragraph. Give them as a numbered list.,"In 1877 he enrolled in the University of Pennsylvania's medical school where he became interested in anatomy, and in 1882, he graduated with the Anomaly Prize from the Demonstrator of Morbid Anatomy. He did his residency at the Episcopal Hospital at Kensington, Pennsylvania. Gynecology wasn't practiced at the hospital, so he opened his own clinic in a two-story house in a working district where he also lived. He saw patients during the day and slept on a sofa at night with a string tied to his toe so that whenever there was a tug on the string, he would be woken up to provide medical assistance. He also made house calls. Later, with money from a group of Philadelphia philanthropist women, he was able to open a formal clinic with an operating room in Norris Square, which later became the Kensington Hospital for Women, the sixth women's hospital in the United States. There, he created the ""Kelly stitch"", a procedure to treat Stress incontinence, and performed the first successful C-section in Philadelphia. He gained a reputation as an innovator in surgical techniques during this time. From 1886 to 1888, Kelly traveled to England, Scotland, and Germany to observe abdominal and pelvic surgeons at work. When he was in Leipzig in 1886, he was introduced to the palpation of female ureters by Max Saenger. In Berlin in 1888, he worked with pathologist Rudolf Virchow to determine the best way to catheterize ureters. Then, in Prague in 1888, Czech physician Parel Pawlik showed him how to catheterize ureters using a speculum and how to conduct an air cystoscopy. In 1888, he returned to the University of Pennsylvania, to become an associate professor of obstetrics under the recommendation of William Osler.","1. Kensington, Pennsylvania 2. Philadelphia 3. Norris Square 4. United States 5. England 6. Scotland 7. Germany 8. Leipzig 9. Berlin 10. Prague",information_extraction When did Confinity become eBay ?,"Originally, PayPal was a money-transfer service offered by a company called Confinity which was acquired by X.com in 1999. Later, X.com was renamed PayPal and purchased by eBay in 2002. The original PayPal employees had difficulty adjusting to eBay's more traditional corporate culture and within four years all but 12 of the first 50 employees had left. They remained connected as social and business acquaintances, and a number of them worked together to form new companies and venture firms in subsequent years. This group of PayPal alumni became so prolific that the term PayPal Mafia was coined. The term gained even wider exposure when a 2007 article in Fortune magazine used the phrase in its headline and featured a photo of former PayPal employees in gangster attire.",Confinity was acquired by X.com in 1999 which was later renamed to PayPal. PayPal was acquired by eBay in 2002.,closed_qa "Classify each as a ocean, sea, or lake: Pacific, Mediterranean, Erie, Atlantic, Dead Sea, Black, Michigan",,"Pacific - ocean Mediterranean - sea Erie - lake Atlantic - ocean Dead Sea - lake Black - sea Michigan - lake",classification "Classify each Taylor Swift album into the respective music genre: Debut, Fearless, Speak Now, Red, 1989, Reputation, Lover, Folklore, Evermore, Midnights",,Debut is country-pop. Fearless is country-pop. Speak Now is Country-pop and Pop-Rock. Red is Country-Pop and Pop-Rock. 1989 is pop. Reputation is electro-pop. Lover is pop. Folklore is Indie folk. Evermore is indie folk. Midnights is electro-pop.,classification "Classify each of these things as either ""Able to fit in a bread box"" or ""Unable to fit in a bread box"": an elephant, a hockey stick, a loaf of bread, an ant, a lightbulb, a ceiling fan, a pair of blue jeans",,"An elephant: Unable to fit in a bread box A hockey stick: Unable to fit in a bread box A loaf of bread: Able to fit in a bread box An ant: Able to fit in a bread box A lightbulb: Able to fit in a bread box A ceiling fan: Unable to fit in a bread box A pair of blue jeans: Able to fit in a bread box",classification What is the Oxford Comma?,,"In English-language punctuation, a serial comma (also called a series comma, Oxford comma, or Harvard comma) is a comma placed immediately after the penultimate term (i.e., before the coordinating conjunction, such as and or or) in a series of three or more terms. For example, a list of three countries might be punctuated either as ""France, Italy and Spain"" (without the serial comma) or ""France, Italy, and Spain"" (with the serial comma).",open_qa What is the biggest flag in the world?,,"According to Guinness World Records the largest flag ever made was of a Romanian national flag that measured 349 x 227 metres (1,145 x 744.5ft) – about three times the size of a football field. It weighed 5-tonnes and consisted of 44 miles of thread and was unfurled 22 miles South-East of Bucharest.",open_qa "Classify each artist as ""country"" or ""rap"": Brad Paisley, Morgan Wallen, 50 Cent, Thomas Rhett, 21 Savage, Gucci Mane",,"Brad Paisley: Country Morgan Wallen: Country 50 Cent: Rap Thomas Rhett: Country 21 Savage: Rap Gucci Mane: Rap",classification "Tell me if these are foods that need to be refrigerated, frozen or neither: ice cream, popsicles, butter, popcorn, yogurt, cereal, chips",,"ice cream: frozen, popsicles: frozen, butter: refrigerated, popcorn: neither, yogurt: refrigerated, cereal: neither, chips: neither",classification Write a whimsical and funny horoscope reading that makes a baseball reference,,The gods of justice say they will hear your petition just as soon as they have finished discussing the designated-hitter rule,creative_writing give me a list of ways some one can warm up,,"- go under the covers - start a fire - drink a hot beverage - snuggle up with someone else - take a dip in a hot spring - do a few jumping jacks - put more clothes on - go in a sauna - take a trip to a tropical destination - turn on an electric heater - turn on the car heater",brainstorming Who is the 'sole Survivor' on the TV Show Survivor?,"Survivor is a reality-competition television franchise produced in many countries around the world. The show features a group of contestants deliberately marooned in an isolated location, where they must provide basic survival necessities for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted out by their fellow contestants until only one remains to be awarded the grand prize and named the ""Sole Survivor"".","The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted out by their fellow contestants until only one remains to be awarded the grand prize and named the ""Sole Survivor"".",closed_qa Who is the all time leading passer in the NFL?,,"As of 2023, Tom Brady is NFL's all-time regular season career passing yards leader with 89,214 . He also holds the playoff record with 13,400 yards for a combined total of 102,614. Tom Brady also holds the all time record for number of Passing Touchdowns with 649.",open_qa What are the words of House Penrose?,,"""Set Down Our Deeds""",open_qa What is a Xbox Music Mixer?,"The Xbox Music Mixer is a multimedia accessory/utility developed by Wild Tangent and published by Microsoft Game Studios for the Xbox. The Xbox Music Mixer was released on December 1, 2003. The Xbox Music Mixer allows one to transfer certain types of music and pictures directly from a PC to the Xbox, though this requires a separate install on the computer. The Xbox Music Mixer also allows one to view photos on a TV set and create customized soundtracks to go with the photo slideshow.",The Box Music Mixer is a multimedia accessory/utility developed by Wild Tangent.,summarization Who is called Napoleon of Iran?,,Nadir Shah,open_qa "When playing golf, categorize each of the following items as ""useful"" or ""useless"": Irons, putter, dumbbell, tees, skis, range finder, jeans, kayak.",,"Irons: Useful Putter: Useful Dumbbell: Useless Tees: Useful Skis: Useless Range Finder: Useful Jeans: Useless Kayak: Useless",classification Which countries became members of NATO between the years of 1999 and 2009?,"Politically, the organization sought better relations with the newly autonomous Central and Eastern European states, and diplomatic forums for regional cooperation between NATO and its neighbours were set up during this post-Cold War period, including the Partnership for Peace and the Mediterranean Dialogue initiative in 1994, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in 1997, and the NATO–Russia Permanent Joint Council in 1998. At the 1999 Washington summit, Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic officially joined NATO, and the organization also issued new guidelines for membership with individualized ""Membership Action Plans"". These plans governed the addition of new alliance members: Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia in 2004, Albania and Croatia in 2009, Montenegro in 2017, and North Macedonia in 2020. The election of French President Nicolas Sarkozy in 2007 led to a major reform of France's military position, culminating with the return to full membership on 4 April 2009, which also included France rejoining the NATO Military Command Structure, while maintaining an independent nuclear deterrent.","Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Albania, France (rejoined)",closed_qa How many types of bass are there?,,"There are two main types of bass: the electric bass and the acoustic bass. There are also various other types of bass, such as the upright bass, the fretless bass, and the double bass.",open_qa Which gameshow host is a vegetarian?,,"Bob Barker, the longest serving host of The Price is Right, is a vegetarian and forbade meat products from being displayed on the gameshow.",open_qa "Tell me which of these are sweet or salty: juice, potato chips, cake, cheese",,"The salty items are: potato chips, cheese The sweet items are: juice, cake",classification "What are the worst top ten movies of all time, according to rotten tomatoes?",,"1 - Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever (2002) with Lucy Liu and Antonio Banderas 2 - One Missed Call (2008) 3 - A Thousand Words (2012) with Eddy Murphy 4 - Gotti (2018) with John Travolta 5 - Pinocchio (2002) with Roberto Benigni 6 - Superbabies: Baby Geniuses 2 (2004) 7 - Gold Diggers (2003) 8 - The Last Days of American Crime (2020) with Michael Pitt and Edgar Ramirez 9 - Jaws: The Revenge (1987) with Michael Caine 10 - Dark Crimes (2016) with Jim Carrey and Charlotte Gainsbourg",brainstorming Name some of the highest-grossing film of all time from July 2019 until March 2021 based on the passage.,"Since 2008, Marvel Studios has released 31 films within the MCU, from Iron Man (2008) to Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania (2023), eight television series since 2021, from WandaVision (2021) to She-Hulk: Attorney at Law (2022), and two television specials, Werewolf by Night (2022) and The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special (2022). The television series What If...? (2021) is the studio's first animated property, created by its ""mini-studio"" Marvel Studios Animation. These films, television series, and television specials all share continuity with each other, along with the One-Shots short films produced by the studio. The television series produced by Marvel Television also acknowledge the continuity.The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Black Panther (2018), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Captain Marvel (2019), Avengers: Endgame (2019), Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019) and Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021) are all among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time, with Avengers: Endgame becoming the highest-grossing film of all time from July 2019 until March 2021. In addition to the MCU, Marvel Studios was also involved with the production of other Marvel-character film franchises that have exceeded $1 billion in North American box office revenue, including the X-Men and Spider-Man multi-film franchises.","The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Black Panther (2018), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Captain Marvel (2019), Avengers: Endgame (2019), Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019) and Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021).",information_extraction What is the fastest production car in the world?,,The fastest production car in the world is currently the Bugatti Chiron Supersport 300+ due to its actually demonstrated 304mph top speed.,open_qa "Queen Elizabeth II, who reigned UK for 70 years, passed away the age of 96 at",,Balmoral,open_qa "Which is the odd one out? Silver, Gold, Mercury, Phosphorous, Copper, Zinc",,Phosphorus is the odd one out. The rest are metals.,classification Name some of the bravolebrities from Vanderpump Rules,,"James Kennedy, Katie Maloney, Raquel Leviss, Tom Sandoval, Ariana Madix, Tom Schwartz and Lala Kent",open_qa "Classify the below based on the mode of transportation. bus, car, taxi, train, helicopter, boat, ship",,"Travel by land- bus, car, taxi, train Travel by water- boat, ship Travel by air- helicopter",classification "Classify each of the following as a drink or food: coffee, apple, water, soda, banana, pineapple, champagne",,"Coffee: Drink Apple: Food Water: Drink Soda: Drink Banana: Food Pineapple: Food Champagne: Drink",classification Write a professional email to my landlord asking whether I can make my rent payment 15 days late next month,,"Mr./Mrs. Landlord, I would like to ask that you allow Brian to turn his rent payment in 15 days late next month. Please note that he has never had a late payment before and actually has a history of turning his payment in early. As a matter of fact, if you review all of the previous months and added up all of the days he turned his rent in early, you would find it's a total of 30 days early. So with that in mind, and considering everything going on in his life right now, he is simply asking to delay his payment for 15 days this upcoming month and then 15 days later you will be receiving the following months payment. Thanks in advance and appreciate your flexibility and patience in this matter.",creative_writing "Tell me if the following were originally board or computer games: Scrabble, Monopoly, Doom, Counter Strike, Sorry, Super Mario Bros?",,"Scrabble, Monopoly, and Sorry were originally board games. Doom, Counter Strike, and Super Mario Bros were originally computer games.",classification "Which of the following is a famous food in Dali County Shaanxi Province in China: Waterbasin Lamb, Roujiamo, fried dumplings",,Waterbasin Lamb,classification Did Magic Johnson or Larry Bird win more collegiate and professional basketball championships?,,"Magic Johnson. Magic Johnson has won 6 total which are the 1979 NCAA Championship (defeated Larry Bird), and NBA Championships in 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987 and 1988. Larry Bird has only won three NBA Championships and zero collegiate championships.",open_qa "Tell me whether these objects float or sink in water: oil, leaves, boats, baseball, phone, coins",,"Oil: Float Leaves: Float Boats: Float Baseball: Sink Phone: Sink Coins: Sink",classification How many managers have Arsenal had?,"There have been twenty permanent and eight caretaker managers of Arsenal since 1897; Stewart Houston has managed the club in two separate spells as caretaker. The most successful person to manage Arsenal is Arsène Wenger, who won three Premier League titles, seven FA Cups and seven Community Shields between 1996 and 2018. Wenger is the club's longest-serving manager; he surpassed George Allison's record of 13 years in October 2009. Two Arsenal managers have died in the job – Herbert Chapman and Tom Whittaker.",Arsenal have had twenty permanent and eight caretake managers.,closed_qa "Classify each of the following as either a real or a fictional characters: professor Dumbledore, Mahatma Gandhi, King Arthur, captain Kirk, Luke skywalker, Julius Caesar",,"Dumbledore - fictional ,Mahatma Gandhi - real, King Arthur - fictional, captain Kirk - fictional, Luke skywalker - fictional, Julius Caesar - real",classification "Classify the below numbers based on whether they are perfect square or not. 64, 9, 81, 100, 57, 16",,"Perfect square - 64, 9, 81, 16 Not perfect square - 100, 57",classification What is a kidney transplant?,,A kidney transplant is a medical procedure during which a healthy kidney is removed from either a living or deceased donor and given to a patient without a any healthy kidneys.,open_qa "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Magneto, Dr. Polaris",,"Dr. Polaris is DC, Magneto is Marvel",classification What is the origin of orange wine?,,"Orange wine was first introduced in Georgia and it dates thousands of years back. It is a variant of white wine where the skin grapes are not removed after crushing the grapes. Instead, the skins are left to ferment with the grape juice, similarly to red wine. The style of skin-contact white wine was adopted by Italian and Slovenian winemakers, after visiting Georgia. It then spread to other European countries. Skin-fermented white wines were common up until the 1960s, when fresh white wines started to dominate the market. The term orange wine was coined only in 2004 by a British wine importer. In Georgia skin-contact white wine is historically known as amber wine.",open_qa "Classify each of the following as ""Vegetarian Friendly"" or ""Not Vegetarian Friendly"": chicken, peanuts, eggs, bacon, sausage, lettuce, ketchup",,"Chicken: Not Vegetarian Friendly Peanuts: Vegetarian Friendly Eggs: Vegetarian Friendly Bacon: Not Vegetarian Friendly Sausage: Not Vegetarian Friendly Lettuce: Vegetarian Friendly Ketchup: Vegetarian Friendly",classification Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description},"William Brown Foley (November 15, 1855 – November 12, 1916) was a Major League Baseball third baseman. He played all or part of seven seasons in the majors, playing for five different teams in three different leagues. His career began in the National Association in 1875 with the Chicago White Stockings, and ended in the Union Association in 1884 with the Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies. From 1876 until 1879, he was the starting third baseman for the Cincinnati Reds and Milwaukee Grays.","• November 15, 1855 - William Brown Foley was born on this date. • November 12, 1916 - William Brown Foley passed away on this date. • 1875 - This is when Foley's career began in the National Association with the Chicago White Stockings. • 1884 - This is when Foley's career ended. • 1876 until 1879 - This is when he was a starting third baseman for the Cincinnati Reds and Milwaukee Grays.",information_extraction How much time violinist Ling Ling spent practicing each day?,"In 2017, TwoSet Violin made a comedic reference to Ling Ling, a fictional violinist who ""practices 40 hours a day"". In an interview with Yle Uutiset, they described Ling Ling as the final boss of a video game: the Chuck Norris of violinists. Chen said they improvised the character from their comedy sketch video concerning a teenage violin student's tiger mom comparing the student to her friend's child. In 2018, they released a series of videos called the Ling Ling Workout. In these challenges, the duo play classical pieces (or contemporary music) with handicaps such as playing at double speed, with scordatura, while dancing or hula hooping, with hand positions reversed, or while upside down. Prominent violinists such as Ray Chen, Ziyu He, and Hilary Hahn have also attempted the challenge on their channel.",Ling Ling is the Chuck Norris of violinists. Her violin performance has far surpassed all living violin virtuosos today.,information_extraction "My refrigerator broke for six days while I was on vacation. Which of the following foods would be still safe to eat unrefrigerated for that long: raw chicken, a jar of olives, hard cheese, milk, and fruit jelly.",,"Olives, hard cheese, and fruit jelly are not likely to spoil unrefrigerated for a couple of days. However, raw chicken and milk would be unsafe to eat.",classification What is Oz?,,"Oz is an American prison drama television series set at a fictional men's prison created and principally written by Tom Fontana. It was the first one-hour dramatic television series to be produced by the premium cable network HBO. Oz premiered on July 12, 1997, and ran for six seasons. The series finale aired on February 23, 2003.",open_qa Give me a list of best places to take vacation.,,"Italy is a beautiful and old country in Europe, it has ancient history for you explore. The fascinating fact is the view of some old towns haven't been changed much compared to hundreds of years ago. I recommend Florence and Rome since both of them are not just beautiful but also make you feel flashing back to old Rome era when you visit Colossus, San Peter Catholic church and Pantheon. Also you can find authentic Italian local food and I bet who doesn't love pizza!",brainstorming what is the Algeria independence date,,"The Algeria independence date is July 5, 1962.",open_qa What are some of the most accessible jazz albums for someone new to jazz?,,"Jazz music encompasses a wide range of styles, genres and periods, so it can be difficult and confusing for the non-jazz listener to find a satisfying entry point. There have been many “greatest of all time” jazz album lists developed by jazz publications and critics over the years. The following is a brief sampling of some of the top-rated albums from some of these lists. - Miles Davis: Kind of Blue (1959) Miles Davis’ masterpiece. One of the most influential albums of all time, because of its widespread influence on jazz, rock and classical genres. It is the greatest selling jazz album of all time, and usually the number one pick on critics’ albums rankings. It features a cool, atmospheric modal approach that is immediately recognizable, tuneful and approachable for just about any listener. - John Coltrane: A Love Supreme (1964). Widely regarded as John Coltrane’s masterpiece, it is an intense modal jazz through-composed spiritual meditation in four parts. Every critic interprets John Coltrane’s intent and meaning of A Love Supreme differently. Whether you think he’s searching for some form of soulful purity, or cutting out the middle man to speak directly to God, your jazz-listening life won’t be the same after hearing this searing testament. - Sonny Rollins: Saxophone Collosus (1957). Sonny Rollins’ breakthrough and best-known album. Rollins emerges here as a true jazz giant belonging in the same pantheon as Coltrane, Ben Webster, Coleman Hawkins and Lester Young. His strong and highly rhythmic thematic improvisational voice is on brilliant display in ‘St. Thomas’ and ‘Blue 7’. Not to be missed is his powerful rendition of the jazz standard ‘You Don’t Know Love’ and his lovely solo during Kurt Weil’s ‘Moritat’ (also known as ‘Mack the Knife’). - Dave Brubeck: Time Out (1959) Featuring uncommon time signatures and mix of Cool and West Coast jazz, Time Out was the first jazz album to sell over a million copies and produced a single, ‘Take Five’ that became the first jazz single to sell over a million copies. Brubeck described his saxophone player Paul Desmond’s sound as “like a dry martini”. You’ll want to ice up a glass and pour yourself another with each listen to this enduring jazz mainstay. - John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman: John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman (1963) is a reluctant jazz ballad summit of giants. Johnny Hartman initially resisted the idea of recording an album with John Coltrane, believing they wouldn’t complement one another musically. Following an after-hours session with Coltrane and pianist McCoy Tyner, they agreed to work together and went in to the studio to record their self-title album that contained the definitive versions of ‘Lush Life’, ‘They Say It’s Wonderful’, and ‘My One and Only Love.’ This is an absolute essential album. - Billie Holiday: Lady in Satin (1958) Holiday’s album of Great American Songbook standards - lushly arranged around her abused, fragile, but powerfully rhythmic voice - is a testament to her professional powers of persuasion and artistic willpower in what turned out to be the last year of a 44-yr life. She told her producers she wanted “a pretty album, something delicate.” They paid her $150 a side, in advance. Well, she gave them their money’s worth…and then some. Essential.",brainstorming "List the twelve astrological signs of the Zodiac in alphabetical order, with their corresponding symbol in parentheses.",,"(1) Aquarius (Water-Bearer) (2) Aries (Ram) (3) Cancer (Crab) (4) Capricorn (Goat) (5) Gemini (Twins) (6) Leo (Lion) (7) Libra (Scales) (8) Pisces (Fish) (9) Sagittarius (Archer) (10) Scorpio (Scorpion) (11) Taurus (Bull) (12) Virgo (Maiden)",brainstorming "If my car's fuel tank fits 18 gallon, how many times do I need to refuel on a 10-hour trip if the average speed is 60mph and the car's fuel efficiency is 30mpg?",,"Assuming the tank is full when you start, you would have to refuel once. 10 hours at 60mph means the total distance is 600 miles. To drive 600 miles at a fuel efficiency of 30 mpg you would need 20 gallons of fuel. That's more than the 18 gallon capacity of the tank, but less than twice the capacity, so you would need to refuel once.",creative_writing Give me a bulleted list of the current members of Pearl Jam.,,"- Jeff Ament - Stone Gossard - Mike McCready - Eddie Vedder - Matt Cameron",brainstorming Imagine you are a java expert and explain what OOPS means,,"As the name suggests, Object-Oriented Programming or OOPs refers to languages that use objects in programming, they use objects as a primary source to implement what is to happen in the code. Objects are seen by the viewer or user, performing tasks assigned by you. Object-oriented programming aims to implement real-world entities like inheritance, hiding, polymorphism etc. in programming. The main aim of OOP is to bind together the data and the functions that operate on them so that no other part of the code can access this data except that function.",creative_writing What are the words of House Buckwell?,,"""Pride and Purpose""",open_qa Write a short story about a person who discovers a hidden room in the library. The story should include a plot twist and a clear resolution at the end.,,"Once upon a time, there was a librarian named Alice who had been working at the library for many years. She had always been fascinated by the mysterious hidden room in the library, but had never dared to explore it. One day, she decided to take a look inside. As she opened the door, she was shocked to find a room filled with valuable artifacts and ancient books. She quickly realized that the room had been forgotten for many years, and it was her duty to make sure it was returned to its rightful place. She worked hard to find the key to open the door, and eventually she did. She was amazed at what she had discovered, and the thrill of the discovery made her heart race. She returned the artifacts to their rightful places, and the room was returned to its former glory. The library was restored to its former glory, and Alice was proud of her achievement.",creative_writing "Which of the following songs are by the Grateful Dead and which are by The Beatles: Don't Let Me Down, Sugar Magnolia, Hey Jude, Bertha, Throwing Stones, Let It Be, Truckin', Friend of the Devil, Uncle John's Band, and Here Comes the Sun.",,"The Grateful Dead songs on this list are Sugar Magnolia, Throwing Stones, Truckin', Friend of the Devil, and Uncle John's Band. The Beatles songs on this list are Don't Let Me Down, Hey Jude, Let It Be, and Here Comes the Sun.",classification "Tell me whether these are famous as actors or authors: Russell Crowe, Tom Hanks, Jamie Lee Curtis, Joanne Woodward, Sara Jessica Parker, Tom Cruise, Alexander Dumas, JK Rowling, Ingrid Bergman, Grace Kelly, Judi Dench, Kate Winslet, Jodie Foster, Doris Day, William Shakespeare, Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi",,"The famous actors from this list are, Russell Crowe, Tom Hanks, Jamie Lee Curtis, Joanne Woodward, Sara Jessica Parker, Tom Cruise, Ingrid Bergman, Grace Kelly, Judi Dench, Kate Winslet, Jodie Foster and Doris Day. The famous authors are, Alexander Dumas, JK Rowling, William Shakespeare and Jalal Al-Din Muhammad Rumi.",classification What is the “infield” in baseball?,,"The infield is the area of a baseball field that extends from home base out past first, second and third bases. The infield is usually a dirt surface, and the outfield begins where the dirt turns to grass.",open_qa reincarnation exists?,,Yes.,brainstorming Name five NFL teams in the AFC.,,"Five NFL teams in the AFC are the Buffalo Bills, New York Jets, Tennessee Titans, Houston Texans, and Las Vegas Raiders.",open_qa What are the main cat personality types?,,"Similar to humans, all cats have their unique quirks that make them special, but research has shown that they fall into 5 main personality types: 1 - The human cat likes to be around people, is a social butterfly. They prefer activities that they can do with their human overlords as opposed to being independent. 2 - The hunter cat, like its wild ancestors, likes to hunt for food, prey. They like to roam and explore and have a desire to be outdoors. 3 - The cat's cat likes to cuddle with other cats. This type of personality typically comes from cats who are raised with other cats. 4 - The cantankerous cat likes to be left alone. They tend to be grumpy when their habits are disrupted. In short, they have sensitive needs. 5 - The inquisitive cat is always curious and getting into mischief. They like to flex their investigate skills by looking in boxes, exploring new areas, and playing with puzzles. These cats enjoy meeting new friends and don't necessarily like to be left alone. Overall, your cat's personality type will depend on a mix of factors including their upbringing, development, and genetics.",open_qa "Can you decipher this english text into a commonly used phrase to practice typing? tcnmeahkfprzeboetyqrxdhduojoeoiwuvlg",,"The answer is: the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog This is a commonly used phrase that includes all 26 letters from the english alphabet and may be useful when practicing typing. This can be deciphered by connecting letters offset by 6 within the string. The first 3 letters with this pattern are ""t"", ""h"", ""e"" forming the word ""the"". Spaces must be inferred from common words and word patterns. letter 1 - t letter 7 - h letter 13 - e Visually, this can also be accomplished by splitting after every 6 letters, and then reading columns top->bottom, then left-right. In the example below the word FOX is highlighted using capital letters in the 3rd column. tcnmea hkFprz ebOety qrXdhd uojoeo iwuvlg",brainstorming What are the names of the different scores you can shoot for each hole when golfing?,,"The following are the names for different scores you can shoot on a golf hole: - Hole-in-One: The hole was completed with only one shot. - Albatross: The hole was completed in 3 shots less than par. - Eagle: The hole was completed in 2 shots less than par. - Birdie: The hole was completed in 1 shot less than par. - Par: The hole was completed in the same number of shots as par. - Bogey: The hole was completed in 1 shot more than par. - Double Bogey: The hole was completed in 2 shots more than par. - Triple Bogey: The hole was completed in 3 shots more than par. - Quadruple Bogey: The hole was completed in 4 shots more than par. - Quintuple Bogey: The hole was completed in 5 shots more than par.",open_qa Is black hole truly black?,"A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, including light or other electromagnetic waves, has enough energy to escape its event horizon. The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole. The boundary of no escape is called the event horizon. Although it has a great effect on the fate and circumstances of an object crossing it, it has no locally detectable features according to general relativity. In many ways, a black hole acts like an ideal black body, as it reflects no light. Moreover, quantum field theory in curved spacetime predicts that event horizons emit Hawking radiation, with the same spectrum as a black body of a temperature inversely proportional to its mass. This temperature is of the order of billionths of a kelvin for stellar black holes, making it essentially impossible to observe directly.","According to general relativity, a black hole emits no lights at all. Thus it is 100% black by definition. However, when quantum effects are included, a black hole has finite temperature, emitting lights called Hawking radiation. In this sense, a black hole is not truly black.",closed_qa Which parts on earth cannot view a sunset?,"Sunset, also known as sundown, is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation. As viewed from everywhere on Earth (except the North and South poles), the equinox Sun sets due west at the moment of both the spring and autumn equinoxes. As viewed from the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun sets to the northwest (or not at all) in the spring and summer, and to the southwest in the autumn and winter; these seasons are reversed for the Southern Hemisphere. The time of sunset is defined in astronomy as the moment when the upper limb of the Sun disappears below the horizon. Near the horizon, atmospheric refraction causes sunlight rays to be distorted to such an extent that geometrically the solar disk is already about one diameter below the horizon when a sunset is observed. Sunset is distinct from twilight, which is divided into three stages. The first one is civil twilight, which begins once the Sun has disappeared below the horizon, and continues until it descends to 6 degrees below the horizon. The second phase is nautical twilight, between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The third phase is astronomical twilight, which is the period when the Sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon. Dusk is at the very end of astronomical twilight, and is the darkest moment of twilight just before night. Finally, night occurs when the Sun reaches 18 degrees below the horizon and no longer illuminates the sky. Locations further north than the Arctic Circle and further south than the Antarctic Circle experience no full sunset or sunrise on at least one day of the year, when the polar day or the polar night persists continuously for 24 hours.",Sunset can be viewed from everywhere on Earth except the North and South poles.,information_extraction What is the difference between a microservice and an API?,,Microservices is an approach to building an application that breaks its functionality into modular components. APIs are part of an application that communicates with other applications.,open_qa "Divide these numbers into prime, composite or neither. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.",,"2, 3, 5, 7 and 11 are all prime numbers. 4, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 12 are composite numbers. 0 and 1 are neither prime nor composite numbers.",classification Think up some locations for me to ask my partner out,,"- On a greek island - At Disney World - At their favorite pizza place - On a cruise ship - At the end of a hike - At the Burj Khalifa - On a private charter helicopter ride - At Times Square, NYC - At the Taj Mahal - At a surprise party in their favorite place growing up - where you first met your partner - where you first confessed that you like each other - at your favorite date spot - at the northern lights in Norway",brainstorming What are the words of House Graceford?,,"""Work Her Will""",open_qa "Which of these wind instruments are classified as Woodwind, and which are Brass: Clarinet, French Horn, Trombone, Bassoon, Sousaphone, Saxophone, Trumpet, and Flute.",,"Trombone, Sousaphone, Trumpet and French Horn are Brass instruments. Flute, Clarinet, Saxophone, and Bassoon are Woodwind.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Chenda, Suroz",,"Suroz is string, Chenda is percussion.",classification Where was the 7th edition of Slinex conducted?,,"Trincomalee, Sri Lanka",open_qa what is the name of the podcast hosted by luke burbank?,,TBTL,open_qa Give me list of top 10 countries by GDP,,"Below is the list of top 10 countries by GDP in 2023: 1. United States (approx. 26.2 trillion USD) 2. China (approx. 19.2 trillion USD) 3. Japan (approx. 4.4 trillion USD) 4. Germany (approx. 4.1 trillion USD) 5. India (approx. 3.8 trillion USD) 6. United Kingdom (approx. 3.5 trillion USD) 7. France (approx. 2.8 trillion USD) 8. Canada (approx. 2.3 trillion USD) 9. Russia (approx. 2.1 trillion USD) 10. Brazil (approx. 2 trillion USD)",brainstorming "In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Slynt?",,Janos Slynt,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ashiko, Anzad",,"Anzad is string, Ashiko is percussion.",classification Please give me a list of qualities that make the Masters is golf's top tournament unique?,"The Masters is the first major championship of the year. Since 1948, its final round has been scheduled for the second Sunday of April, with several exceptions. The Masters has the smallest field of the four golf major championships. The Masters is an invitation only tournament. Previous Champions are eligible to play for life.","As with the other majors, winning the Masters gives a golfer several privileges which make his career more secure. Masters champions are automatically invited to play in the other three majors (the U.S. Open, The Open Championship, and the PGA Championship) for the next five years (except for amateur winners, unless they turn pro within the five-year period), and earn a lifetime invitation to the Masters. They also receive membership on the PGA Tour for the following five seasons and invitations to The Players Championship for five years. Because the tournament was established by an amateur champion, Bobby Jones, the Masters has a tradition of honoring amateur golf. It invites winners of the most prestigious amateur tournaments in the world. Also, the current U.S. Amateur champion always plays in the same group as the defending Masters champion for the first two days of the tournament. Amateurs in the field are welcome to stay in the ""Crow's Nest"" atop the Augusta National clubhouse during the tournament. The Crow's Nest is 1,200 square feet (110 m2) with lodging space for five during the competition. The total prize money for the 2021 Masters Tournament was $11,500,000, with $2,070,000 going to the winner. In the inaugural year of 1934, the winner Horton Smith received $1,500 out of a $5,000 purse. After Nicklaus's first win in 1963, he received $20,000, while after his final victory in 1986 he won $144,000. In recent years the purse has grown quickly. Between 2001 and 2014, the winner's share grew by $612,000, and the purse grew by $3,400,000. Green jacket In addition to a cash prize, the winner of the tournament is presented with a distinctive green jacket, formally awarded since 1949 and informally awarded to the champions from the years prior. The green sport coat is the official attire worn by members of Augusta National while on the club grounds; each Masters winner becomes an honorary member of the club. The recipient of the green jacket has it presented to him inside the Butler Cabin soon after the end of the tournament in a televised ceremony, and the presentation is then repeated outside near the 18th green in front of the patrons. Winners keep their jacket for the year after their victory, then return it to the club to wear whenever they are present on the club grounds. Sam Snead was the first Masters champion to be awarded the green jacket after he took his first Masters title in 1949. The green jacket is only allowed to be removed from the Augusta National grounds by the reigning champion, after which it must remain at the club. Exceptions to this rule include Gary Player, who in his joy of winning mistakenly took his jacket home to South Africa after his 1961 victory (although he has always followed the spirit of the rule and has never worn the jacket); Seve Ballesteros who, in an interview with Peter Alliss from his home in Pedreña, showed one of his two green jackets in his trophy room; and Henry Picard, whose jacket was removed from the club before the tradition was well established, remained in his closet for a number of years, and is now on display at Canterbury Golf Club in Beachwood, Ohio, where he was the club professional for many years. By tradition, the winner of the previous year's Masters Tournament puts the jacket on the current winner at the end of the tournament. In 1966, Jack Nicklaus became the first player to win in consecutive years and he donned the jacket himself. When Nick Faldo (in 1990) and Tiger Woods (in 2002) repeated as champions, the chairman of Augusta National put the jacket on them. In addition to the green jacket, winners of the tournament receive a gold medal. In 2017, a green jacket that was found at a thrift store in 1994 was sold at auction for $139,000. There are several awards presented to players who perform exceptional feats during the tournament. The player who has the daily lowest score receives a crystal vase, while players who score a hole-in-one or a double eagle win a large crystal bowl. For each eagle a player makes, they receive a pair of crystal goblets.",summarization What are some of the best fantasy novels of all time?,,"1) The Lord of the Rings - JRR Tolkien 2) The Name of the Wind - Patrick Rothfuss 3) A Game of Thrones - George RR Martin 4) Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone - JK Rowling 5) The Way of Kings - Brandon Sanderson 6) The Lion The Witch and The Wardrobe - CS Lewis 7) Kushiel's Dart - Jaqueline Carey 8) Bloodsong - Anthon Ryan 9) The Sword of Shannara -Terry Brooks 10) The Lies of Locke Lomora - Scott Lynch",brainstorming What are the words of House Waxley?,,"""Light in the Darkness""",open_qa "Classify the movies based on the protagonist hero who acted in them. Chak De! India , Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Om Shanti Om, Dangal, Sultan, Dabangg",,"Shah Rukh Khan - Chak De! India, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Om Shanti Om Salman Khan - Sultan, Dabangg Aamir Khan - Dangal",classification "Classify each of the following as either ski gear or swim gear: fins, pull buoy, bib, bindings, gloves, kickboard, neck gator, boots, and parka.",,"The items used for skiing include bib, bindings, gloves, neck gator, and boots. The items used for swimming include fins, pull buoy, kickboard, and parka.",classification "In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Crakehall?",,Crake the Boarkiller,open_qa Who is Daniel Ricciardo?,,"Daniel Joseph Ricciardo is an Italian-Australian racing driver who last raced in Formula One driving for McLaren, under the Australian flag. He is currently the third driver for Redbull F1 team. He is considered to be one of the best overtakers in F1 history.",open_qa Who is the lead singer of the Gorillaz?,,Damon Albarn is the lead singer of the Gorillaz,open_qa "Write an opening passage to a story that is based on a world where cloning is rampant, in the style of dark humor.",,"I love the mornings. Everything feels original for a few moments. Until it hits me. My dog, licking my hand to rouse me from bed, is a copy. My moist hand was copied. My wife sleeping quietly beside me, perfect in every way, was cloned 4 days ago. It's not just living things either, my car, my coffee mug, my barbecue, my hockey sticks, all copies. My pajamas were copied after I burned my entire house down 5 days ago because I couldn't figure out how to stop a leak in my bathroom sink (I walked outside with the dog, but got new copies of everything the next day). It's a life full of convenience. I hate it.",creative_writing Give me a list of the ten best romance novels of all time,,"Outlander, The Notebook, Wuthering Heights, Jane Eyre, Pride and Prejudice, The Time Travelers Wife, The Thorn Birds, Gone With the Wind, The Proposal, Anna Karenina",brainstorming "Classify each of the following as moving horizontally or vertically: Elevator, sky diver, guillotine, car, rocket launch, boat",,"Elevator: Vertically Sky Diver: Vertically Guillotine: Vertically Car: Horizontally Rocket Launch: Vertically Boat: Horizontally",classification Give me a list of the US Open Golf Venues from 1981-1985,,"1981 - Merion Golf Course (East Course) in Ardmore, Pennsylvania 1982 - Pebble Beach Golf Links in Pebble Beach, California 1983 - Oakmont Country Club in Plum, Pennsylvania 1984 - Winged Foot Golf Course (West Course) in Mamaroneck, New York 1985 - Oakmont Country Club in Plum, Pennsylvania",brainstorming What are some popular tequila drinks that I should try?,,"Paolo Maldini, Tequila Sunrise, Strawberry Basil Jalapeño Margarita , The Paloma, Ranch Water",brainstorming "Which of the following are not real seasons of Survivor (specifically, the US version)? - Borneo - Champions vs Contenders - Champions vs Contenders II - Micronesia - U.S. - Hawaii - China - All Stars - 44 - Heroes vs. Healers vs. Hustlers - Celebrity - Ghost Island - Blood vs Water - Washington",,"Champions vs Contenders, Champions vs Contenders II, US, Hawaii, Celebrity, and Washington are not seasons of the the U.S. versions of Survivor. Champions vs Contenders and Champions vs Contenders II are however seasons of the Australian version of the show.",classification "Tell me which of these characters are in Disney or Dreamworks movies: Shrek, Simba, Lightning McQueen, Po.",,"Shrek is a Dreamworks character from the movie Shrek. Simba is a Disney character from the the movie The Lion King. Lightning McQueen is a Disney character from the movie Cars. Po is a Dreamworks character from the the movie Kung Fu Panda.",classification What's the best way to brew an espresso?,,"There is no general consensus on how to evaluate a cup of espresso, so there is no general ""best way"". Here are a few pointers that most of the coffee-lover community agrees will enhance the consistency and flavor of an espresso: * Use freshly roasted beans! No amount of expensive espresso machines can save a stale batch of beans. * Make sure your puck is evenly distributed. If needed, use a WDT tool to stir the puck gently from bottom to top, until you reach consistency. * Observe the brewing process closely and make sure the fluid flows smoothly. If the stream is unbalanced or side-splitting, check your puck and your machine's pressurization.",open_qa "When sailing on a boat between 26ft and 40ft in San Francisco Bay, what items are 'required', 'useful', or 'neither'. A compass, laser printer, floatation devices for all passengers, fog horn, water, sun lotion, hat, fire extinguisher (one type B-2 or two type B-1), soft toys, tv, visual distress signals, sunglasses, snacks, ford mustang, American Airlines",,"Required: floatation devices for all passengers, Sound Signaling Device (fog horn), fire extinguisher (one type B-2 or two type B-1), and visual distress signals (flares) Useful: compass, water, sun lotion, hat, sunglasses, snacks Neither: laser printer, soft toys, tv, ford mustang, American Airlines",classification "Classify each of the following as edible or not edible: hamburger, toast, rubber, leather, pizza, plastic",,"Hamburger: Edible Toast: Edible Rubber: Not Edible Leather: Not Edible Pizza: Edible Plastic: Not Edible",classification "Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: RAM, Artega",,"Artega is German, RAM is American",classification Who are some students at Hogwarts in Ravenclaw house that were in the same year as Harry Potter?,,"Hogwarts is the fictitious school in the Harry Potter book series. The books mentions several students in Harry Potter's year from the Ravenclaw house, such as Su Li, Lisa Turpin, Padma Patil, Terry Boot, and Anthony Goldstein.",brainstorming Who would be your starting five on your current NBA team?,,"My starting five is not determined by who would be the best statistical performer at each position but more made up of which group of players I think would be the most fun to watch while also being a championship contender. To start, let's get the elephant out of the room, the big man down under has to be Joel Embiid for me. Offensively he is one of the best players in the league, no questions asked. Defensively, when he can stay out of foul trouble, he could easily make a run at DPOY (Defensive Player of the Year). At the 4, im still going big because of this mans ability to move his feet. Jokic is a 280lb ballerina with Einstein'esque IQ and court vision like an owl. At the 3, I need a lock down defender and a court runner, oh, and two time MVP in Giannis Antetoukoumpo. I doubt this front court would be allowed to share an elevator. For my back court I need to support this tremendous front court cast with shooters and passers. Im going to pair Lamelo Ball with Luka Doncic to further bolster the teams height (avgs 6'9). Lamelo and Luka can both knock down the three ball, get to the paint off the dribble, execute the pick and roll flawlessly and are 6'6 and 6'7 respectively. This group should have no problem taking on any other 5 in the league and probably any historically.",brainstorming "Order these cars as either 'fast', 'slow' or 'dangerously fast'. A Doge Viper, Toyota 4Runner, Lamborghini Aventador, Chrysler Pacifica, Go-Kart, Lime Scooter, Porsche 911, Corvette",,"fast: Lamborghini Aventador, Porsche 911, Corvette slow: Toyota 4Runner, Chrysler Pacifica, Go-Kart, Lime Scooter dangerously fast: Dodge Viper",classification "Extract the types of businesses in downtown Stroudsburg, list each in a new line preceded with the number for each","Downtown Stroudsburg is the commercial hub for the surrounding area, serving as the Monroe County seat, and is located just off Interstate 80. It is the only traditional downtown in the area. Downtown Stroudsburg is anchored by Dunkelberger’s Sports Outfitters and is also home to more than 24 restaurants, nine art galleries, three women’s clothing stores, numerous antique stores, several general merchandisers, many specialty shops, two hotels, the local YMCA, 11 financial institutions and the core of the legal profession in Monroe County. There are 600 hotel rooms within 2 miles (3.2 km) of Downtown Stroudsburg. Downtown Stroudsburg also features a wide tree lined Main Street with historically rich architecture, plenty of on street parking, several municipal parking lots, one parking garage and another on the drawing board. Currently the total trade area population is about 250,000. This includes all of Monroe and Pike Counties, as well as northern Northampton County and Warren County, New Jersey.","24 Restaurants 9 Art galleries 3 Women's Clothing Stores 2 Hotels 11 financial institutions 1 Parking Garage",information_extraction When did Finland and Sweden join NATO?,"Russia's invasion of Ukraine prompted Finland and Sweden to apply for NATO membership in May 2022, and the ratification process for Sweden is in progress. Finland officially joined on 4 April 2023. Ukraine applied for NATO membership in September 2022 after Russia claimed to annex part of its territory. Two other states have formally informed NATO of their membership aspirations: Bosnia and Herzegovina and Georgia. Kosovo also aspires to join NATO. Joining the alliance is a debate topic in several other European countries outside the alliance, including Austria, Ireland, Malta, Moldova, and Serbia.","Finland officially joined NATO on 4 April 2023, while the ratification process for Sweden is in progress.",closed_qa Why is the forum in Rome named the forum?,"The Roman Forum, also known by its Latin name Forum Romanum (Italian: Foro Romano), is a rectangular forum (plaza) surrounded by the ruins of several important ancient government buildings at the center of the city of Rome. Citizens of the ancient city referred to this space, originally a marketplace, as the Forum Magnum, or simply the Forum. For centuries the Forum was the center of day-to-day life in Rome: the site of triumphal processions and elections; the venue for public speeches, criminal trials, and gladiatorial matches; and the nucleus of commercial affairs. Here statues and monuments commemorated the city's great men. The teeming heart of ancient Rome, it has been called the most celebrated meeting place in the world, and in all history. Located in the small valley between the Palatine and Capitoline Hills, the Forum today is a sprawling ruin of architectural fragments and intermittent archaeological excavations attracting 4.5 million or more sightseers yearly.","The Forum in Rome is the location of the ruins of the ancient city of Rome. The forum is derived from Latin, meaning rectangular plaza. The plaza was the center of activity in Rome. Staging speeches trials and public gatherings.",closed_qa Which female artists sold over 40 million copies of an album?,,"Only 2 female artists sold over 40 million copies of an album. - Whitney Houston / various artists ""The Bodyguard"" in 1992 - Shania Twain ""Come On Over"" in 1997",brainstorming "Classify each of the following as cold or hot: sun, snow, oven, fridge, freezer, fire, stove, ice cream",,"Cold: Snow, fridge, freezer, ice cream Hot: Sun, oven fire, stove",classification What species are the Rimula rhips,,"Rimula rhips is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets.",open_qa "Classify each of the following as a ridesharing or food delivery company: Doordash, Lyft, Wolt, Deliveroo, Bolt, Didi, Rappi",,"Doordash: Food Delivery Lyft: Ridesharing Wolt: Food Delivery Deliveroo: Food Delivery Bolt: Ridesharing Didi: Ridesharing Rappi: Food Delivery",classification Is Qumran worth to visit,"Qumran (Hebrew: קומראן; Arabic: خربة قمران Khirbet Qumran) is an archaeological site in the West Bank managed by Israel's Qumran National Park. It is located on a dry marl plateau about 1.5 km (1 mi) from the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea, near the Israeli settlement and kibbutz of Kalya. The Hellenistic period settlement was constructed during the reign of Hasmonean leader John Hyrcanus (134–104 BCE) or somewhat later. Qumran was inhabited by a Jewish community of the late Second Temple period, which most scholars identify with the mystic sect of the Essenes; however, other groups were also suggested. It was occupied most of the time until 68 CE and was destroyed by the Romans during the First Jewish-Roman War, possibly as late as 73 CE. It was later used by Jewish rebels during the Bar Kokhba Revolt. Today, the Qumran site is best known as the settlement nearest to the Qumran Caves where the Dead Sea Scrolls were hidden, caves in the sheer desert cliffs and beneath, in the marl terrace. The principal excavations at Qumran were conducted by Roland de Vaux in the 1950s, and several later digs have been carried out. Since the 1967 Six Day War, Qumran has been managed by the Israel Nature and Parks Authority.","Qumran is an archaeological site in the West Bank managed by Israel's Qumran National Park. It is located on a dry marl plateau about 1.5 km (1 mi) from the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea, near the Israeli settlement and kibbutz of Kalya. The Hellenistic period settlement was constructed during the reign of Hasmonean leader John Hyrcanus (134–104 BCE) or somewhat later. Qumran was inhabited by a Jewish community of the late Second Temple period, which most scholars identify with the mystic sect of the Essenes; however, other groups were also suggested. It was occupied most of the time until 68 CE and was destroyed by the Romans during the First Jewish-Roman War, possibly as late as 73 CE. It was later used by Jewish rebels during the Bar Kokhba Revolt. Today, the Qumran site is best known as the settlement nearest to the Qumran Caves where the Dead Sea Scrolls were hidden, caves in the sheer desert cliffs and beneath, in the marl terrace. The principal excavations at Qumran were conducted by Roland de Vaux in the 1950s, and several later digs have been carried out. Since the 1967 Six Day War, Qumran has been managed by the Israel Nature and Parks Authority.",summarization Kingsway a 3 km stretch was built as a ceremonial boulevard by whom?,,Edwin Lutyens & Herbert Baker,open_qa What is the story of the decline of Wang Computer?,"Wang Labs was one of a large number of New England-based computer companies that faltered in the late 1980s and 1990s, marking the end of the Massachusetts Miracle. For instance, the struggling Digital Equipment Corporation also downsized in the 1990s and was acquired by Compaq. A common view within the PC community is that Wang Labs failed because it specialized in computers designed specifically for word processing and did not foresee and could not compete with general-purpose personal computers with word-processing software in the 1980s. Word processing was not actually the mainstay of Wang's business by the time desktop computers began to gain in popularity. Although Wang manufactured desktops, its main business by the 1980s was its VS line of minicomputer and ""midframe"" systems. The market for these minicomputers was conquered by enhanced microcomputers like the Apple Macintosh and the Wintel PC and Sun, IBM, and Hewlett-Packard servers. An Wang's insistence that his son, Fred Wang, succeed him contributed to the company's failure. Fred Wang was a business school graduate, ""but by almost any definition"", wrote Charles C. Kenney, ""unsuited for the job in which his father had placed him."" His assignment, first as head of research and development, then as president of the company, led to resignations by key R&D and business personnel. Amid declining revenues, John F. Cunningham, an 18-year employee of the firm, resigned as president and COO of Wang Labs to become chairman and chief executive of Computer Consoles Inc. Cunningham resigned due to disagreement with An Wang on how to pull the company out of the slump, as well as being upset that Fred Wang was positioned, nepotistically, as An Wang's successor. One turning point occurred when Fred Wang was head of R&D. On October 4, 1983, Wang Laboratories announced fourteen major hardware and software products and promised dates of delivery. The announcement was well received, but even at the time, there were warning signs. According to Datamation, Wang announced ""everything but the kitchen sink. And if you could attach the kitchen sink to a personal computer, they would announce that too."" Very few of the products were close to completion, and many of them had not even been started. All were delivered late, if at all. In retrospect, this was referred to as the ""vaporware announcement,"" and it hurt the credibility of Fred Wang and Wang Laboratories. In 1986, Fred Wang, then 36 years old, was installed as president of Wang Laboratories. However, the company's fortunes continued to decline. Unlike most computer companies that funded their growth by issuing stock, An Wang had used debt to avoid further dilution of family control of the company. By August 1989, that debt was causing conflicts with its creditors. On August 4, 1989, An Wang fired his son. Richard W. Miller, who had been with the company since 1988, replaced him as the president of Wang Laboratories. Miller announced in December 1989 that the company would start to embrace established software standards rather than use traditional proprietary designs. An Wang died in March 1990, and Miller took on the additional posts of chairman and CEO. The company underwent massive restructuring and eliminated its bank debt in August 1990, but it still ended the year with a record net loss. In November 1990, Wang announced their first personal computers running Unix. In 1987, Wang developed a new typesetting system in conjunction with Arlington, MA-based Texet Corp. The system used Xerox printers and UNIX workstations from Sun, but the product vanished before coming to market, because few Wang employees could use or support UNIX. UNIX ran on the VS – Interactive Systems first ported IN/ix (their IBM 360 version of SYS5 UNIX) to run in a VSOS Virtual machine circa 1985, and then Wang engineers completed the port so that it ran ""native"" on the VS hardware soon thereafter – but performance was always sub-par as UNIX was never a good fit for the batch-mode nature of the VS hardware, and the line-at-a-time processing approach taken by the VS workstations; indeed, the workstation code had to be rewritten to bundle up each keystroke into a frame to be sent back to the host when running UNIX so that ""tty"" style processing could be implemented. PACE, which offered its data dictionary, excellent referential integrity, and speedy application development, was in the process of being ported to UNIX under the name OPEN Pace. A client-server RDBMS model built on the original product's ideology, OPEN Pace was demonstrated at the North American PACE User Group Conferences in both Boston and Chicago. OPEN Pace, along with a new Windows-based word processor called UpWord (which was at the time considered a strong contender to retake Wang's original market leadership from Microsoft), were touted as their new direction. However, after a marketing study[citation needed] suggested that it would require large capital investments in order to be viable competitors against Microsoft, both products were abandoned. Ira Magaziner, who was brought in by Miller in 1990, proposed to take Wang out of the manufacture of computers altogether, and to go big into imaging software instead. In March 1991, the company introduced its Office 2000 marketing strategy, focusing on office productivity. In June 1991, Wang started reselling IBM computers, in exchange for IBM investing in Wang stock. Wang hardware strategy to re-sell IBM RS/6000s also included further pursuit of UNIX software. In August 1991, Wang won a suit against NEC and Toshiba claiming violation of Wang's patents on single in-line memory modules (SIMMs). The company still recorded a net loss for the 1991 fiscal year. Wang Laboratories filed for bankruptcy protection on August 18, 1992, at a time when the company's attempted concession from proprietary to open systems was deemed by some analysts as ""too little and too late",Founder An Wang forced his experienced son Fred Wang was going to lead the company after his death.,closed_qa "Classify each of the following as either a place or a thing: Rhode Island, cup, New Jersey, New York, watch, tv.",,"Rhode Island is a place. A Cup is a thing. New Jersey is a place. New York is a place. A watch is a thing. A TV is a thing.",classification What was the estimated Gini coefficient of South Africa during 2008-2009?,"In economics, the Gini coefficient, also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality or the wealth inequality or the consumption inequality within a nation or a social group. It was developed by statistician and sociologist Corrado Gini. The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution, such as levels of income. A Gini coefficient of 0 reflects perfect equality, where all income or wealth values are the same, while a Gini coefficient of 1 (or 100%) reflects maximal inequality among values. For example, if everyone has the same income, the Gini coefficient will be 0. In contrast, a Gini coefficient of 1 indicates that within a group of people, a single individual has all the income or consumption, while all others have none. The Gini coefficient was proposed by Corrado Gini as a measure of inequality of income or wealth. For OECD countries, in the late 20th century, considering the effect of taxes and transfer payments, the income Gini coefficient ranged between 0.24 and 0.49, with Slovenia being the lowest and Mexico the highest. African countries had the highest pre-tax Gini coefficients in 2008–2009, with South Africa having the world's highest, estimated to be 0.63 to 0.7, although this figure drops to 0.52 after social assistance is taken into account, and drops again to 0.47 after taxation. The global income Gini coefficient in 2005 has been estimated to be between 0.61 and 0.68 by various sources.","In 2008–2009, the Gini coefficient for South Africa was estimated estimated to be 0.63 to 0.7.",summarization "Classify the following Stephen King works as either a 'book', a 'movie' or 'both': Shawshank Redemption, Carrie, Under the Dome, Sleeping Beauties, The Shining, Sleepwalkers, Dreamcatcher, Bag of Bones, Creepshow, Insomnia, The Green Mile, Cat's Eye",,"Shawshank Redemption - both Carrie - both Under the Dome - book Sleeping Beauties - book The Shining - both Sleepwalkers - movie Dreamcatcher - both Bag of Bones - book Creepshow - movie Insomnia - book The Green Mile - both Cat's Eye - movie",classification "Tell me whether each of these positions is in soccer or baseball: shortstop, outfielder, midfielder, forward, goalie, catcher",,"Shortstop: Baseball Outfielder: Baseball Midfielder: Soccer Forward: Soccer Goalie: Soccer Catcher: Baseball",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Esterilla, Geomungo",,"Geomungo is string, Esterilla is percussion.",classification "Classify these technologies as frontend or backend oriented: React, Kafka, MySQL, JavaScript, gRPC, SQL, Prometheus, Android, Swift, Redis, JDBC",,"React, Android, Swift and JavaScript are frontend oriented, while Kafka, MySQL, gRPC, SQL, Prometheus, Redis and JDBC are backend oriented.",classification Name some popular computer games from early this millenia.,,"World of Warcraft, Grand Theft Auto, Final Fantasy X and Guitar Hero were all popular games in the first decade of the 2000s.",brainstorming "Extract the names of all the members of the Henry Holst String Quartet, and the instrument they played in bullet point form.","The Henry Holst String Quartet was founded by the Danish violinist Henry Holst in 1931. Holst had studied at the Royal Danish Conservatory under Axel Gade and Carl Nielsen. In 1923, he was appointed leader of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, but in 1931 he moved to Manchester as a Professor at the Royal Manchester College of Music. The move to Manchester led to the formation of the Henry Holst String Quartet with Charles Taylor (second violin), Herbert Downes (viola) and Anthony Pini (cello). The ensemble was recognised as fine quartet, touring extensively in the UK and broadcasting on BBC Radio. They played a number of times in Liverpool for the Rodewald Concert Society in the 1934 and 1937 seasons. Ernest Element (2nd violin) and Frank Venton (viola) also sometimes played for the quartet. Herbert Downes left to lead his own quartet in 1935. Charles Taylor also left to found his own quartet and was replaced by Reginald Stead as second violin. Reginald Stead later became the leader of the BBC Northern Orchestra. Anthony Pini joined the London Philharmonic Orchestra in 1932 and was replaced by John C Hock as cellist. The Henry Holst Quartet finally disbanded when Henry Holst formed the Philharmonia Quartet in 1941 at the instigation of Walter Legge to record for Columbia Records.","- Henry Holst (violin) - Charles Taylor (violin) - Herbert Downes (viola) - Anthony Pini (cello) - Ernest Element (violin) - Frank Venton (viola) - Reginald Stead (violin) - John C Hock (cello)",information_extraction "Extract ways to observe a black hole. Separate them with a ""-"" in multiple lines.","The presence of a black hole can be inferred through its interaction with other matter and with electromagnetic radiation such as visible light. Any matter that falls onto a black hole can form an external accretion disk heated by friction, forming quasars, some of the brightest objects in the universe. Stars passing too close to a supermassive black hole can be shredded into streamers that shine very brightly before being ""swallowed."" If other stars are orbiting a black hole, their orbits can determine the black hole's mass and location. Such observations can be used to exclude possible alternatives such as neutron stars. In this way, astronomers have identified numerous stellar black hole candidates in binary systems and established that the radio source known as Sagittarius A*, at the core of the Milky Way galaxy, contains a supermassive black hole of about 4.3 million solar masses.","A black hole can be observed via the following ways: - Accretion disk heated by friction when matter falls into black hole.",information_extraction How many seasons was Jeff Fisher the head coach of the Titans while they were not in Tennessee?,"The 2010 Tennessee Titans season was the team's 41st season in the National Football League, their 51st overall and their 14th season in Tennessee. The Titans hoped to improve on their 8–8 record from the 2009 season, but they failed to do so and ended up finishing 6-10. They started the season 5-2, but lost the next 8 of 9. This was the Titans’ final season under head coach Jeff Fisher, who resigned on January 27, 2011 after 17 seasons with the team. Offseason Personnel changes On January 25, Kennedy Pola, who previously served as the Jacksonville Jaguars' running backs coach for the past five seasons, was hired to the same position with the Titans, replacing Earnest Byner, who was fired the same day. (Ironically, Byner was later named the new Jaguars' running backs coach ten days later.) On May 14, Ruston Webster, who served as the Seattle Seahawks' vice president of player personnel for the past four seasons, was hired to the same position with the Titans. On July 27, Kennedy Pola left the Titans and accepted the offensive coordinator position at USC. On July 28, the following changes were made to the Titans' coaching staff: Craig Johnson was moved from quarterbacks coach to the running backs coach vacated by Kennedy Pola, and will also serve as assistant head coach. Dowell Loggains, who previously served as quality control of offense, was named the new quarterbacks coach, while offensive assistant Richie Hessman will serve as quality control of offense.",3 seasons,closed_qa How many members are there in Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO),,Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) has 8 members,open_qa What city has the northern-most post office in Wisconsin?,,"Cornucopia, a small town located on the south shore of Lake Superior, is home to the northern-most post office in Wisconsin.",open_qa Who has hosted Saturday Night Live the most in the history of the show?,,Actor Alec Baldwin has hosted Saturday Night Live 17 times since 1990.,open_qa "Write a shopping list for me and group the ingredients by type. I want to make stir-fried teriyaki tofu for dinner and I want enough ingredients to make a sauce, because I don't want to buy a bottle of sauce. This meal will serve four people.",,"Produce: 1lb broccoli florets One yellow onion One red bell pepper One green bell pepper One small knob ginger One bulb garlic Protein: 1lb extra firm tofu Misc: 1 can corn starch 8oz bottle soy sauce 1 bag of dark brown sugar Red pepper flakes",creative_writing "You are on vacation and your newborn leaves something behind in the hotel room. Which of the following items would be something your newborn would have left behind: pacifier, blanket, 747 Jet, golf clubs, vodka, milk, iPad, cell phone",,"items a newborn could leave behind: pacifier, blanket, milk items a newborn would not leave behind: 747 Jet, golf clubs, vodka, iPad, cell phone",classification "On a backcountry backpacking trip where we expect to cross waterways, categorize each of the following as either 'useful', 'not useful', 'dangerous' or 'neither'. A chinchilla, a compass, granola, dry bag, seventeen oars, thermite, ten tons of uranium ore.",,"Useful compass granola dry bag seventeen oars Not Useful Dangerous chinchilla thermite ten tons of uranium ore None",classification What are the current f1 teams?,,"The current 10 Formula 1 teams are Red Bull Racing, Aston Martin Aramco, Mercedes-AMG PETRONAS, Scuderia Ferrari, McLaren, BWT Alpine, MoneyGram Haas, Alfa Romeo, Scuderia AlphaTauri, Williams",classification "Classify each of the following as either a brand of kombucha or a soda brand: Humm, Brew Doctor, Pepsi, 7Up, Mountain Dew, Coca-Cola, Sprite, Fanta, GT's, Remedy, Health-Ade",,"Kombucha: Humm, Brew Doctor, GT's, Remedy, Health-Ade Soda: Pepsi, 7Up, Mountain Dew, Coca-Cola, Sprite, Fanta",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Balafon, Chrotta",,"Chrotta is string, Balafon is percussion.",classification "Classify each of these breads as either a dog or a cat bread: Siamese, Ragdoll, Yorkshire Terrier, Birman, Cocker Spaniel, Saint Bernard.",,"Siamese = Cat Ragdoll = Cat Yorkshire Terrier = Dog Birman = Cat Cocker Spaniel = Dog Saint Bernard = Dog",classification What is a SuperDisk?,"The SuperDisk LS-120 is a high-speed, high-capacity alternative to the 90 mm (3.5 in), 1.44 MB floppy disk. The SuperDisk hardware was created by 3M's storage products group Imation in 1997, with manufacturing chiefly by Matsushita. The SuperDisk's format was designed to supersede the floppy disk with its higher-capacity media that imitated the ubiquitous format with its own 120 MB (and later 240 MB) disk storage while the SuperDisk drive itself was backwards compatible with 1.44 MB and 720 KB floppy formats (MFM). Superdisk drives read and write faster to these sorts of disks than conventional 1.44 MB or 720 KB floppy drives. The newer LS-240 drives also have the ability to read and write regular 1.44 MB floppies at much higher densities.",The SuperDisk is a storage medium that was created to supplant the 90 mm 1.44 MB floppy disk. It was created by 3M's storage products group in 1997. The product was not commercially successful and was discontinued in 2003.,summarization What is the Canada's national sport?,,"There are two national sports in Canada. Lacrosse was the only national sport from 1859 - 1994. However, in 1994 parliament passed Canada's National Sport Act, which made lacrosse the national summer sport and ice hockey the national winter sport.",creative_writing When did the golden age for Jewish culture start and where was it?,"A few scholars give the start of the Golden Age as 711–718, the Muslim conquest of Iberia.",The golden age for jewish culture started somewhere around 711-718 and it was in Spain.,closed_qa "Tell me which of these States' shapes have exactly four sides: Utah, Colorado, Florida, Washington, California.",,Colorado has exactly four sides in its shape.,classification "Tell me if these vegetables are or are not green: carrot, courgette, bell pepper, radish, spaghetti squash, onion.",,"carrot - not green courgette - green bell pepper - may be green radish - not green spaghetti squash - not green onion - may be green",classification What is the “yacht rock” genre of music?,,"Yacht rock refers to jazzy rock n’roll music from the late 1970s and early 1980s, although the term wasn’t coined until years later.",open_qa Provide a bulleted list of 5 key moments in Lyft's history,"Lyft was launched in the summer of 2012 by computer programmers Logan Green and John Zimmer as a service of Zimride, a long-distance intercity carpooling company focused on college transport that they founded in 2007 after Green shared rides from the University of California, Santa Barbara campus to visit his girlfriend in Los Angeles and was seeking an easier way to share rides. In May 2013, the company made the decision to change its name from Zimride to Lyft. Later that year, Lyft sold the original Zimride service to Enterprise Holdings, the parent company of Enterprise Rent-A-Car, to enable the company to focus exclusively on the growth of Lyft. Lyft's marketing strategy included large pink furry mustaches that drivers attached to the front of their cars and encouraging riders to sit in the front seat and fist bump with drivers upon meeting. In November 2014, the company distanced itself from the fist bump. In January 2015, Lyft introduced a small, glowing plastic dashboard mustache it called a ""glowstache"" as an alternative to the large fuzzy mustaches on the front of cars. The transition was to help overcome the resistance of some riders to arrive at destinations, such as business meetings, in a car with a giant mustache. In April 2014, Lyft hired two lobbying firms, TwinLogic Strategies, and Jochum Shore & Trossevin, to address the regulatory barriers and opposition it had received since its launch. Due to regulatory hurdles in New York City, the company altered its business model when establishing Lyft on the East Coast of the United States. Lyft's launch in New York City occurred on the evening of July 25, 2014, and, by the Taxi and Limousine Commission (TLC) and the approval of the Manhattan Supreme Court, only drivers registered with the TLC were permitted to drive Lyft-branded vehicles in New York City. In August 2014, the company introduced a shared ride concept, which provides cheaper fares. In December 2017, Lyft expanded into Canada, with operations in the Toronto, Hamilton and Ottawa metropolitan areas. In March 2018, Lyft partnered with Allscripts to create a platform allowing healthcare providers to arrange rides for patients who lack transportation to appointments. The service would be available to 2,500 hospitals, 180,000 physicians, and approximately 7 million patients. Lyft acquired Motivate, a bicycle-sharing system and the operator of Capital Bikeshare and Citi Bike, in November 2018. The company also announced plans to add 28,000 Citi Bikes and expand its service. In March 2019, Lyft became a public company via an initial public offering, raising $2.34 billion at a valuation of $24.3 billion. The company set aside some shares to be given to long-time drivers. In March 2020, Lyft acquired Halo Cars which pays drivers to display digital advertisements on their vehicles. In April 2020, Lyft laid off 982 employees and furloughed an additional 288 to reduce operating expenses and adjust cash flows due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. The company continued to offer scooters for rent in San Francisco, while Miami government asked Lyft to halt operations. In August 2020, Lyft partnered with rental car company Sixt to let users access rental cars. Most of the rental cars are owned and operated by Sixt, with 85 locations in the US. Lyft receives commissions from rentals. In December 2020, Lyft announced plans to launch a multi-city U.S. robotaxi service in 2023 with Motional. Lyft sold its self-driving car division to Toyota for $550 million in April 2021. The division had partnerships with General Motors, NuTonomy, Ford Motor Company, GoMentum Station, and Magna International. It also owned Blue Vision Labs, a London-based augmented reality startup, acquired in 2018 for $72 million. In April 2022, Lyft announced an agreement to acquire PBSC Urban Solutions, a Canadian bike-share equipment and technology supplier. In November 2022, the company announced layoffs of approximately 700 employees, or about 13% of its staff. In March 2023, amid ""a battered stock price,"" Lyft announced David Risher as its next CEO. ","- Lyft was launched in 2012 my John Zimmer and Logan Green - In 2014, Lyft hired two lobbying firms to address regulatory headwinds it faced since launching - In 2017, Lyft expanded to Canada - In 2019, Lyft became a public company via IPO - In 2023, while the stock had been performing poorly, Lyft's founders resigned and were replaced by David Risher",summarization "If the year is 2013, is the Samsung E1200 being produced?",The Samsung E1200 (also known as Samsung Pusha and Samsung Keystone 2) is a mobile phone made by Samsung. This phone was released in 2012 through Tesco in the UK. It was discontinued in 2015 when the Samsung Guru FM E1202 was released as its successor.,"Yes, the phone was released in 2012 and was not discontinued until 2015.",information_extraction "Are the following items candy bars or gum: trident, Twix, hubba bubba, snickers, three musketeers, and wrigleys.",,"Three musketeers, Twix, and snickers are candy bars, and trident, hubba bubba, and wrigleys are gum.",classification "Tell me whether these are hockey teams or soccer teams: Anaheim Ducks, Calgary Flames, Brighton & Hove Albion, Edmonton Oilers, Arsenal, Aston Villa, Brentford, Los Angeles Kings, San Jose Sharks, Seattle Kraken, Crystal Palace, Everton, Vancouver Canucks, Vegas Golden Knights, Chelsea.",,"Anaheim Ducks is a hockey team. Calgary Flames is a hockey team. Brighton & Hove Albion is a soccer team. Edmonton Oilers is a hockey team. Arsenal is a soccer team. Aston Villa is a soccer team. Brentford is a soccer team. Los Angeles Kings is a hockey team. San Jose Sharks is a hockey team. Seattle Kraken is a hockey team. Crystal Palace is a soccer team. Everton is a soccer team. Vancouver Canucks is a hockey team. Vegas Golden Knights is a hockey team. Chelsea is a soccer team.",classification What are regarded as some of the best hip-hop albums of all time?,,"Some hip hop albums that are widely regarded as some of the best of all time are: Illmatic - Nas My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy - Kanye West Aquemini - Outkast The Blueprint - Jay-Z ATLiens - Outkast To Pimp a Butterfly - Kendrick Lamar The Chronic - Dr. Dre Graduation - Kanye West good kid, m.A.A.d city - Kendrick Lamar",brainstorming Give me a bulleted list of the three most recent prime ministers of India,,"1. Narendra Modi: Current prime minister of India since 2014 2. Manmohan Singh: Former prime minister that chaired the prestigious position from 2004 till 2014. 3. Atal Bihari Vajpayee: From 1998 to 2004, he was the prime minister of India.",brainstorming What is the potential hydrogen (ph) of water?,,The potential hydrogen of water measure how acidic or alkaline water is? Water with a potential hydrogen of 7.0 is considered neutral water and this kind of water is typically distilled water. Water that has a ph of less than 7.0 considered acidic water and even some bottled water has a PH less than 7.0. Water which a PH higher than 7.0 is considered alkaline. You can also adjust the PH of water with simple salts. For example baking soda can be used to raise the PH of water which is acidic and lemon juice can be used to lower the PH of water that is alkaline.,open_qa "Write a story about a cat named Rory and the adventures he gets up to while his owner, Maria, is gone at work. Write the story in the form of an hourly journal from 7am to 7 pm written by Rory, and convey that Rory loves to sleep while Maria is gone.",,"7 am: There is still no food in my bowl. I have tried to point Maria in the direction of the bowl at least 8 times, and she is not noticing. I even attempted to mimic the cry of a newborn human to attract her attention, and yet she is only focused on her coffee machine. I fear she is addicted. 8 am: Belly full from breakfast. I dislike my new food, the cat on the bag scares me. I will take a nap in the sun. 9 am: Continued to nap in the sun. Had to move multiple times because the sun patch moved, very annoying. I am starting to feel higher energy as my stomach is no longer stuffed. Time to eat the remaining food in my bowl I saved for a mid morning snack 10 am: There was a bird on the porch that I scared away. It was a close call, but I showed him who is boss here 11 am: Visited my Maria's roommate at their desk. I helped them with their work, but my paws are not particularly well suited for their keyboard. Was then unceremoniously kicked out of the room 12 pm: Tried to convince the roommate to give me lunch. Instead she just sat their and ate her fish and didn't offer me any. 1 pm: Time for my afternoon nap in the hammock 2 pm: Woke up discovering I had overheated in the hammock. Hunted the laser pointer and then I noticed the bird had returned. Put him in his place again. 3 pm: Took a tour of the kitchen counters. Noticed that Maria had left the cat food partially open. Ate some to prevent it from going bad and wasting perfectly good food. 4 pm: Took a nap under Maria's bed while waiting for her to get home 5 pm: Reunited! All is well again, except for Maria still doesn't notice my food bowl 6 pm: Maria brought me a mouse to play with. I indulge her by chasing it. 7 pm: Maria finally notices the food bowl. She pulls out a new bag, without a scary cat on it. All is well in the world.",creative_writing Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name},"Formed in 1888, the program has 856 wins and claims 11 national championships, including 8 from the major wire-service (AP, Coaches'), heading into the 2022 season. USC has had 13 undefeated seasons including 8 perfect seasons, and 39 conference championships. USC has produced eight Heisman Trophy winners, 81 first-team Consensus All-Americans, including 29 Unanimous selections, and 510 NFL draft picks, most all-time by any university, USC has had 35 members inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, including former players Matt Leinart, O. J. Simpson, and Ronnie Lott and former coaches John McKay and Howard Jones. The Trojans boast 14 inductees in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, the most of any school, including Junior Seau, Bruce Matthews, Marcus Allen, and Ron Yary. Among all colleges and universities, as of 2022, USC holds the all-time record for the most quarterbacks (17) and is tied with the University of Miami for the most wide receivers (40) to go on to play in the NFL.","• Matt Leinart • O. J. Simpson • Ronnie Lott • John McKay • Howard Jones • Junior Seau • Bruce Matthews • Marcus Allen • Ron Yary",information_extraction Who is Thomas Jefferson?,"Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Among the Committee of Five charged by the Second Continental Congress with authoring the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was the Declaration's primary author. Following the American Revolutionary War and prior to becoming the nation's third president in 1801, Jefferson was the first United States secretary of state under George Washington and then the nation's second vice president under John Adams.","Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Among the Committee of Five charged by the Second Continental Congress with authoring the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was the Declaration's primary author. Following the American Revolutionary War and prior to becoming the nation's third president in 1801, Jefferson was the first United States secretary of state under George Washington and then the nation's second vice president under John Adams. Among the nation's Founding Fathers, Jefferson is considered unmatched in his intellectual depth and breadth. His passionate writings and advocacy for human rights, including freedom of thought, speech, and religion, were a leading inspiration behind the American Revolution, which ultimately gave rise to the American Revolutionary War, American independence, and the United States Constitution. Jefferson's ideas were globally influential in shaping and inspiring the Age of Enlightenment, which proved transformational in the late 17th and 18th centuries. He was a leading proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights, and produced formative documents and decisions at the state, national, and international levels. During the American Revolution, Jefferson represented Virginia in the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia, which adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. As a Virginia legislator, he drafted a state law for religious freedom. He served as the second Governor of Virginia from 1779 to 1781, during the Revolutionary War. In 1785, Jefferson was appointed the United States Minister to France, and subsequently, the nation's first secretary of state under President George Washington from 1790 to 1793. Jefferson and James Madison organized the Democratic-Republican Party to oppose the Federalist Party during the formation of the First Party System. With Madison, he anonymously wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in 1798 and 1799, which sought to strengthen states' rights by nullifying the federal Alien and Sedition Acts. Jefferson and Federalist John Adams became friends as well as political rivals, serving in the Continental Congress and drafting the Declaration of Independence together. In the 1796 presidential election between the two, Jefferson came in second, which according to electoral procedure at the time, made him vice president to Adams. Jefferson challenged Adams again in 1800 and won the presidency. After his term in office, Jefferson eventually reconciled with Adams and they shared a correspondence that lasted 14 years. He and Adams both died on the same day, July 4, 1826, which was also the 50th anniversary of Declaration of Independence. As president, Jefferson pursued the nation's shipping and trade interests against Barbary pirates and aggressive British trade policies. Starting in 1803, he promoted a western expansionist policy with the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the nation's claimed land area. To make room for settlement, Jefferson began the process of Indian tribal removal from the newly acquired territory. As a result of peace negotiations with France, his administration reduced military forces. He was re-elected in 1804, but his second term was beset with difficulties at home, including the trial of former vice president Aaron Burr. In 1807, American foreign trade was diminished when Jefferson implemented the Embargo Act in response to British threats to U.S. shipping. The same year, Jefferson signed the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves. Jefferson was a plantation owner, lawyer, and politician, and mastered many disciplines including surveying, mathematics, horticulture, and mechanics. He was also an architect in the Palladian tradition. Jefferson's keen interest in religion and philosophy led to his appointment as president of the American Philosophical Society. He largely shunned organized religion but was influenced by Christianity, Epicureanism, and deism. Jefferson rejected fundamental Christianity, denying Christ's divinity. A philologist, Jefferson knew several languages. He was a prolific letter writer and corresponded with many prominent people, including Edward Carrington, John Taylor of Caroline, and James Madison. In 1785, Jefferson authored Notes on the State of Virginia, considered perhaps the most important American book published before 1800. Jefferson championed the ideals, values, and teachings of the Enlightenment. Since the 1790s, Jefferson was rumored to have had children by his sister-in-law and slave Sally Hemings, leading to what is known as the Jefferson-Hemings controversy. A 1998 DNA test concluded that one of Sally Hemings's children, Eston Hemings, was of the Jefferson male line. According to scholarly consensus, based on documentary and statistical evaluation, as well as oral history, Jefferson probably fathered at least six children with Hemings, including four that survived to adulthood. After retiring from public office, Jefferson founded the University of Virginia. Presidential scholars and historians generally praise Jefferson's public achievements, including his advocacy of religious freedom and tolerance in Virginia, his peaceful acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France without war or controversy, and his ambitious and successful Lewis and Clark Expedition. Some modern historians are critical of Jefferson's personal involvement with slavery. Jefferson is consistently ranked among the top ten presidents of American history.",information_extraction What are some ways you can pop a balloon?,,"* use a needle * sit on it * stomp on it * stab it with scissors * bite it * put it over a flame * ask someone else to pop it * let it hit popcorn ceiling * bonus! if you put a piece of tape on the balloon and put a needle through the part with the tape, the balloon will deflate but not ""pop!""",brainstorming "Describe what your ideal pet cat would look like, and what you would name it.",,"My ideal cat would be a long haired ginger Maine Coon, with a beautifully fluffy coat that would be super soft to pet and bright green eyes. I would name him Rory, because that is a name that means Red Haired King, and in my household we treat pets as royalty. He would be super cuddly but also love to play with cat toys, and I would buy him a cat tower to watch the birds from.",creative_writing "Classify each of the following as either a lepton or a hadron: electron, proton, neutron, pi meson, electron neutrino, muon neutrino, tau neutrino.",,"Protons, neutrons and pi mesons are members of the hadron family of particles. Hadrons are particles that interact through the strong force. Electrons, electron neutrinos, muon neutrinos and tau neutrinos are members of the lepton family. Leptons interact through the weak force, and if charged, the electromagnetic force.",classification When was rolling luggage invented?,,"Rolling luggage was invented by Bernard D. Sadow in 1970. His invention was described in a patent, numbered 3,653,474, which emphasized the growth of air travel as a motivating use-case. The purported inspiration for attaching wheels directly to the luggage was an observation by Sadow of a porter stacking luggage on a rolling cart.",open_qa "Select the odd word from this list and explain why you chose it Galaxy S23 Milky Way Pinwheel Galaxy Andromeda Galaxy Sombrero Galaxy",,"Galaxy S23 is the odd one out. All names on the list are examples of galaxies that can be found across the universe, whereas the Galaxy S23 is a Samsung brand of smartphone.",classification Think of 5 different ways I can cook a chicken breast without a traditional oven or stove.,,"Here are 5 ways you could get creative and cook chicken without a stove: 1. Make a small fire and roast the chicken. Be sure to be outdoors! 2. Travel to a location in a desert climate (like Arizona) and place the chicken on the hood of your car on a hot day. 3. Put the chicken in the microwave for a really really long time. 4. Refract the sun through a magnifying glass at the chicken for a very long time. 5. And my personal favorite, bring your chicken to a science lab and roast it over a Bunsen burner!",brainstorming "Classify each of the following into either a solid, liquid or gas: blood, xenon, gold, wood, neon, brick, milk, xenon, coffee, gases, helium",,"solid: gold, wood, brick liquid: milk, blood, coffee gas: helium, xenon, neon",classification "tell me whether these are European or American cities: New York, Milan, Paris, Chicago, San Francisco, London",,"European: Milan, Paris, London American: New York, Chicago, San Francisco",classification "Extract the basic universal competition sections of the triathlon in order, and explain each section.","While specific rules for triathlon can vary depending on the governing body (e.g. World Triathlon, USA Triathlon), as well as for an individual race venue, there are some basic universal rules. Traditionally, triathlon is an individual sport and each athlete is competing against the course and the clock for the best time. As such, athletes are not allowed to receive assistance from anyone else outside the race, with the exception of race-sanctioned aid volunteers who distribute food and water on the course. Transition area (bicycles) of Hamburg Triathlon, 2002 Triathlons are timed in five sequential sections: from the start of the swim to the beginning of the first transition (swim time); from the beginning of the first transition to the end of the first transition (T1 time); from the start of the cycling to the end of the cycling leg (cycling time); from the beginning of the second transition to the end of the second transition (T2 time); finally from the start of the run to the end of the run, at which time the triathlon is completed. Results are usually posted on official websites and will show for each triathlete his/her swim time; cycle time (with transitions included); run time; and total time. Some races also post transition times separately. Other rules of triathlon vary from race to race and generally involve descriptions of allowable equipment (for example, wetsuits are allowed in USAT events in the swimming stage of some races when the water temperature is below 25.6 °C (78.1 °F)), and prohibitions against interference between athletes. Additionally, the use of flippers or other swim propulsion and flotation aids are illegal in triathlon and can result in disqualification. One rule involving the cycle leg is that the competitor's helmet must be donned before the competitor mounts (or even takes possession of, in certain jurisdictions) the bike, and it must remain on until the competitor has dismounted; the competitor may not be required to wear the helmet when not on the bicycle (e.g. while repairing a mechanical problem). Failure to comply with this rule will result in disqualification. Additionally, while on the bike course, all bicycles shall be propelled only by human force and human power. Other than pushing a bicycle, any propulsive action brought on by use of the hands is prohibited. Should a competitor's bike malfunction they can proceed with the race as long as they are doing so with their bicycle in tow. There are also strict rules regarding the 'bike mount' line. Competitors may not begin riding their bicycle out of transition until they are over a clearly marked line. Mounting the bike prior to this may incur a penalty (example: a 15-second time penalty at the London 2012 Olympics was imposed on Jonathan Brownlee, a competitor from Great Britain, for mounting his bike too early.) Other time penalties can be incurred during the race for, among other things, drafting on the bike in a non-drafting race, improper passing, littering on course, and unsportsmanlike conduct.","Triathlons are timed in five sequential sections. From the start of the swim to the beginning of the first transition (swim time). The use of flippers or other swim propulsion and flotation aids are illegal. From the beginning of the first transition to the end of the first transition (T1 time). From the start of the cycling to the end of the cycling leg (cycling time). The competitor's helmet must be donned before the competitor mounts the bike, and it must remain on until the competitor has dismounted. From the beginning of the second transition to the end of the second transition (T2 time) Finally from the start of the run to the end of the run, at which time the triathlon is completed.",information_extraction List of the biggest oceans in the world,,"Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Southern Ocean Arctic Ocean Coral Sea Arabian Sea",brainstorming "When building a pre-stained shelf from Ikea, classify each of the following as useful or not useful for the task: a wooden dowel, a watercolor paint kit, a windowpane, a rubber mallet, a multitool, a screwdriver.",,"Wooden dowel: useful, a watercolor paint kit: not useful, a windowpane: not useful, a rubber mallet: useful, a multitool: useful, a screwdriver: useful.",classification What is the number one selling dog?,,"The American Kennel Club released its 2022 registration statistics and found that after being the most popular dog breed for three decades, the Labrador Retriever was outranked by the French Bulldog.",brainstorming How does the train work?,,"How Does An Electric Locomotive Work: Electric locomotives use electricity from overhead wires to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, making them lighter, faster, and quieter than steam or diesel engines. How Does a Diesel Locomotive Work: Diesel-electric locomotives provide cheaper upfront costs and improved reliability. Train wheels are conical, allowing them to travel a longer distance while turning at the same speed as the inner wheel. The wheel on the left is positioned further out from the center of the axle than the right, which is beneficial for stability and comfort of the passengers. Railways have wide curves due to the ""flange"" of the wheel limiting lateral movement. Distance between tracks must be greater than wheel flanges to allow wheels to move laterally in curves, reducing efficiency and comfort. The ""nominal gauge"" of a railway is defined for the straight section and widened in curves to allow the train to tilt.",open_qa "Name a few famous Dutch artists, and the respective movements for which they are known.",,"1. Rembrandt - Baroque, or the Dutch Golden Age. Known for his masterful use of light and shadow, and his expressive portraits. 2. Vermeer - Baroque, or the Dutch Golden Age. Known for the interplay of colors and light, and his depictions of ordinary domestic scenes. 3. Van Gogh - Post-Impression. Known for his vibrant and bold colors, and emotional portraits of daily life. 4. Mondrian - De Stijl. A pioneer of the De Stijl movement, which is known for its strict use of geometry and colors, he is well known for his abstract grid paintings.",open_qa What are some quick ways to lose all of my money?,,"Here are some quick ways to lose all of your money: 1. Place all of your money on red at the roulette table. 2. Play high-stakes blackjack everyday for the next week. 3. Buy random crypto currencies like Solana. 4. Buy extremely out of the money options on trading applications like Robinhood. 5. Loan it to friends and families with a history of not paying you back.",brainstorming How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?,,"This exact question puzzled theologians for many hundreds of years, and led to many differing points of view. The issue with the question is that there is no correct answer- firstly, are angels real? If they are, how big are they? are they even able to dance? if they could dance, how much space would they need? Secondly, how big is the pin? is the pin a normal sized Earthly pin? or something much larger, on a celestial scale? The answer relates to faith- if you believe in angels, you believe in their ability to dance, and believe in their specific ability to dance upon a pin, and can have an argument in any direction based on your faith that they underlying premise of the question could be a likelihood. If you do not have that faith, then your outlook would likely view this question with a great degree of cynicism, and you would probably view it as a pointless question. But with a degree of humour, and a tip of the hat to Douglas Adams, I'm happy to conclude that the answer is 42.",creative_writing "Classify each of the following whether they help or hurt vision: glasses, binoculars, blindfold, sleep mask, telescope",,"Glasses: Help Vision Binoculars: Help Vision Blindfold: Hurt Vision Sleep Mask: Hurt Vision Telescope: Help Vision",classification What are the two locations the A's are considering for building their new baseball stadium?,,"The A's are considering building their stadium in Jack London Square in Oakland, CA and in Las Vegas.",open_qa List some ideas for gifts I could give to my sister on her birthday?,,"Chocolate A book you loved A cute top A floppy straw sun hat Take her out to brunch Print her out a book of photos of the two of you growing up Make a box of self-care items like good lotion, a sleep mask, etc. Give her a board game at a special party you arrange, at which to play it!",brainstorming What are the best selling albums of all time? Give me the list with the name of the artist and the name of the album,,"Best selling albums of all time: - Michael Jackson: Thriller - Eagles: Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975) - Pink Floyd: The Dark Side of the Moon - Whitney Houston / various artists: The Bodyguard - Bee Gees / Various artists: Saturday Night Fever - Fleetwood Mac: Rumours - Eagles: Hotel California - Shania Twain: Come On Over - Meat Loaf: Bat Out of Hell - AC/DC: Back in Black",brainstorming What are considered some of the hippest cities in the United States?,,"- Austin, Texas - Portland, Oregon - Portland, Maine, - Brooklyn, New York - Los Angeles, California - Santa Fe, New Mexico - Seattle, Washington - Savannah, Georgia - Nashville, Tennessee - Charleston, South Carolina",brainstorming "Classify each of the following as characters who appear in books by Kevin Kwan or Veronica Roth: Astrid Leong-Teo, Kitty Pong, Colin Khoo, Peik Lin Goh, Charlie Wu, Caleb Prior, Beatrice Prior, Tori, Jeanine Matthews, Tobias Eaton",,"Kevin Kwan characters: Astrid Leong-Teo, Kitty Pong, Colin Khoo, Peik Lin Goh, Charlie Wu Veronica Roth characters: Caleb Prior, Beatrice Prior, Tori, Jeanine Matthews, Tobias Eaton",classification "Which of the following animals are primates: Human, Dog, Bonobos, Cat, Bats, Goat, Bears, Orangutans, Wolf, Lion, Squirrel, Koala, Cheetah, Deer, Orca, Gorillas, Camel, Hamsters, Lemurs, Blue whale, Chimpanzee",,"Not all of them are primates! From that list the primates are: - Human - Bonobos - Orangutans - Gorillas - Lemurs - Chimpanzee",classification "In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Clegane?",,"The name of House Clegane's founder is unknown. He was a kennelmaster of Casterly Rock and saved Lord Tytos Lannister from a lionness. As a reward, Lord Lannister granted the unnamed Clegane a knighthood.",open_qa "Who are ''The Lumières"" ?",,"The Lumières (literally in English: The Lights) was a cultural, philosophical, literary and intellectual movement beginning in the second half of the 17th century, originating in western Europe and spreading throughout the rest of Europe. It included philosophers such as Baruch Spinoza, David Hume, John Locke, Edward Gibbon, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Denis Diderot, Pierre Bayle and Isaac Newton. This movement is influenced by the scientific revolution in southern Europe arising directly from the Italian renaissance with people like Galileo Galilei. Over time it came to mean the Siècle des Lumières, in English the Age of Enlightenment.[Note 1] Members of the movement saw themselves as a progressive élite, and battled against religious and political persecution, fighting against what they saw as the irrationality, arbitrariness, obscurantism and superstition of the previous centuries. They redefined the study of knowledge to fit the ethics and aesthetics of their time. Their works had great influence at the end of the 18th century, in the American Declaration of Independence and the French Revolution. This intellectual and cultural renewal by the Lumières movement was, in its strictest sense, limited to Europe. These ideas were well understood in Europe, but beyond France the idea of ""enlightenment"" had generally meant a light from outside, whereas in France it meant a light coming from within oneself. In the most general terms, in science and philosophy, the Enlightenment aimed for the triumph of reason over faith and belief; in politics and economics, the triumph of the bourgeois over nobility and clergy.",open_qa "Tell me whether these are names of movie directors or authors: Quentin Tarantino, Martin Scorsese, Christopher Nolan, Ernest Hemingway, Stephen King, J.K. Rowling",,"Quentin Tarantino is an American film director known for directing Pulp Fiction, Inglorious Basterds and Kill Bill. Martin Scorsese is an American film director known for directing Goodfellas, Taxi Driver and The Wolf of Wall Street. Christopher Nolan is a British-American film director known for directing The Dark Knight, Inception and Interstellar. Ernest Hemingway is an American author known best known for writing For Whom the Bell Tolls and The Old Man and the Sea. Stephen King is an American author known for writing It, The Shining and Misery. J.K. Rowling is a British author known for writing the Harry Potter fantasy series.",classification 5 Steps showcasing Yubi Key,,"Multi-protocol security key secures modern and legacy systems The YubiKey supports one-time passcodes (OTP) The YubiKey enables smart card authentication Enable modern authentication with FIDO U2F Experience passwordless authentication with FIDO2",brainstorming What is the difference between Parthian and Arsacid Empire?,"The Parthian Empire, also known as the Arsacid Empire was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD. Its latter name comes from its founder, Arsaces I, who led the Parni tribe in conquering the region of Parthia in Iran's northeast, then a satrapy (province) under Andragoras, who was rebelling against the Seleucid Empire. Mithridates I (r. c. 171–132 BC) greatly expanded the empire by seizing Media and Mesopotamia from the Seleucids. At its height, the Parthian Empire stretched from the northern reaches of the Euphrates, in what is now central-eastern Turkey, to present-day Afghanistan and western Pakistan. The empire, located on the Silk Road trade route between the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean Basin and the Han dynasty of China, became a center of trade and commerce.","Parthian and Arsacid are different names of the same ancient Iranian empire that ruled from 247 BC to 224 AD. The Parthian Kings, or Shahs, often used Arsaces as their crown names which is why some refer to this empire as the Arsacids. They are also called Parthian because they started by conquering the region of Partha in Iran's northeast and the adopted the language of that region, called Parthian Middle Persian.",information_extraction "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tumdak, Tati",,"Tati is string, Tumdak is percussion.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Bass drum, Goje",,"Goje is string, Bass drum is percussion.",classification What are The Loxurini,,The Loxurini are a small tribe of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae.,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Metallophone, Doshpuluur",,"Doshpuluur is string, Metallophone is percussion.",classification Why is the glass ceiling better for minority women?,"A glass ceiling is a metaphor usually applied to women, used to represent an invisible barrier that prevents a given demographic from rising beyond a certain level in a hierarchy. No matter how invisible the glass ceiling is expressed, it is actually a difficult obstacle to overcome. The metaphor was first used by feminists in reference to barriers in the careers of high-achieving women. It was coined by Marilyn Loden during a speech in 1978. In the United States, the concept is sometimes extended to refer to racial inequality in the United States. Minority women in white-majority countries often find the most difficulty in ""breaking the glass ceiling"" because they lie at the intersection of two historically marginalized groups: women and people of color. East Asian and East Asian American news outlets have coined the term ""bamboo ceiling"" to refer to the obstacles that all East Asian Americans face in advancing their careers. Similarly, a multitude of barriers that refugees and asylum seekers face in their search for meaningful employment is referred to as canvas ceiling.","Actually, the glass ceiling is considered worse for minority women, not better. This is because they have to face both racial and gender inequalities.",closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kepyak, Koto",,"Koto is string, Kepyak is percussion.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Crystallophone, Kacapi",,"Kacapi is string, Crystallophone is percussion.",classification Suggest some TV shows I should watch in a few different genres.,,"Mystery: White Collar The Flight Attendant Sci-Fi: For All Mankind Firefly Comedy: Ted Lasso Schitt's Creek Superhero: Titans Loki",brainstorming "Classify each as either a game or a sport: chess, checkers, badminton, monopoly, table tennis, swimming, diving, bridge, basketball, go, shogi, tennis, risk, field hockey.",,"Chess, checkers, monopoly, bridge, go, shogi, and risk are games. Badminton, table tennis, swimming, diving, bassketball, tennis, and field hockey are sports.",classification "Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Eritrea or Gabon. Keren, Franceville, Asmara, Port-Gentil, Assab, Libreville",,"Eritrea - Asmara, Keren, Assab Gabon - Libreville, Port-Gentil, Franceville",classification Who are some students at Hogwarts in Hufflepuff house that were in the same year as Harry Potter?,,"Hogwarts is the fictitious school in the Harry Potter book series. The books mentions several students in Harry Potter's year from the Hufflepuff house, such as Megan Jones, Susan Bones, Ernie Macmilian, Zacharias Smith, and Hannah Abbott.",brainstorming Why capri is so famous,,Capri is famous Italian island for it's nice ocean color and it's mountain view,brainstorming "Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Dodge, Foton",,"Foton is Chinese, Dodge is American",classification "Decide the sentiment of the following user comments. Classify each of them as ""Positive"", ""Neutral"", ""Mixed"", or ""Negative"". 1. the latest update removed all the best features!! how could they do this to such a good app!! 2. There's not much to say; it checks emails, has a slick UI, and lets me focus on what I need to do. 3. It's pretty good. 4. The app's UI is amazing, but it doesn't seem to notify me consistently which really sucks. Not sure what's up with that but if they could get that working then it'd be amazing. 5. I can't believe how terrible this app is; it literally won't do anything I ask it to. 6. wow, im impressed",,"1. Negative 2. Positive 3. Neutral 4. Mixed 5. Negative 6. Positive",classification "Classify each of the following products as an Apple, Amazon, or Microsoft product: Airpods, Xbox, Alexa, Fire TV Stick, iPhone, Surface Pro, Macbook",,"Airpods: Apple Product Xbox: Microsoft Product Alexa: Amazon Product Fire TV Stick: Amazon Product iPhone: Apple Product Surface Pro: Microsoft Product Macbook: Apple Product",classification "Classify these tasks by how easy they would be for a 10 year old to do (either easy or hard): drive a car, tie their shoes, throw a baseball, go to college, ride a bike, spell the word ""water""",,"drive a car: hard, tie their shoes: easy, throw a baseball: easy, go to college: hard, ride a bike: easy, spell the word ""water"": easy",classification Give me a list of the 10 closest airports to San Francisco ?,,"- San Francisco International Airport (SFO) - Oakland Internaltional Airport - San Carlos Airport - Hayward Executive Airport - Half Moon Bay Airport - San Rafael Airport - Paolo Alto Airport - San Jose Mineta International Airport - Buchanan Field Airport - Reid-Hilview County Airport",brainstorming I do not trust you,,"Oopss..i am trying my best to understand more details and trying to be more accurate day by day but I do understand that it may take some time to build trust with a machine learning model like myself. I can tell you that I do not have personal biases or agendas, and my response here is purely based on the information and context provided to me. I would love to see the statement to changing to ""I trust you"" :)",open_qa Who is the best CEO in the world,,Steve Jobs. Because of his invention.,brainstorming "Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: Land Rover, Jeep",,"Jeep is American, Land Rover is British",classification "Given this paragraph, where did the German dish sauerkraut originate from?","Although ""sauerkraut"" is from a German word (Sauerkraut), the dish did not originate in Germany. Some claim fermenting cabbage suan cai was already practised in the days of the building of the Great Wall of China and that the practice was likely transmitted from China to Europe by the Tartars. However, the Romans, as previously noted, pickled forms of cabbage, and were the more likely source of modern-day sauerkraut It then took root in Central and Eastern European cuisines, but also in other countries including the Netherlands, where it is known as zuurkool, and France, where the name became choucroute. The English name is borrowed from German where it means ""sour cabbage"". The names in Slavic and other Central and Eastern European languages have similar meanings with the German word: ""fermented cabbage"" (Albanian: lakër turshi, Azerbaijani: kələm turşusu, Belarusian: квашаная капуста, Czech: kysané zelí, Lithuanian: rauginti kopūstai, Russian: квашеная капуста, tr. kvašenaja kapusta, Turkısh: lahana turşusu, Romanian: varză murată, Persian: kalam torş, Ukrainian: квашена капуста) or ""sour cabbage"" (Bulgarian: кисело зеле, Estonian: hapukapsas, Finnish: hapankaali, Hungarian: savanyúkáposzta, Latvian: skābēti kāposti, Macedonian: расол / кисела зелка, Polish: kapusta kiszona, Russian: кислая капуста, tr. kislaya kapusta, Serbo-Croatian: кисели купус / кисело зелје, kiseli kupus / kiselo zelje, Slovak: kyslá kapusta, Slovene: kislo zelje, Ukrainian: кисла капуста, kysla kapusta).",The Romans are believed to be the most likely origin of the German dish called sauerkraut.,closed_qa Name some famous orange cats.,,"Some famous orange cats include Tigger, Heathcliff, Garfield, Crookshanks, and Morris.",classification "Based on this passage, how many siblings did Hearst have?","Hearst was born near present-day Sullivan, Missouri, to William G. Hearst and Elizabeth Collins, who were of Scots-Irish ancestry. Hearst, one of three children — two boys and a girl – was raised in a log cabin on his family's farm in rural Franklin County. His father operated three small farms, all of which were mortgaged. William Hearst sold his products in his own local general store. George Hearst grew up before public education was widely available in Missouri, meaning his elementary education was inconsistent and fragmented. Becoming interested in mining, Hearst supplemented the gaps in his formal education by observing the local mines, reading information about minerals from books owned by his family doctor, Silas Reed, and mining in his free time.",Hearst had one brother and one sister.,information_extraction "Categorize the companies based on their ownership status. Meta, Microsoft, Amazon, Deloitte, KPMG, Ernst & Young",,"Private held : Deloitte, KPMG, Ernst & Young Public : Meta, Microsoft, Amazon",classification Name five countries in South America.,,"Five countries in South America are Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, and Paraguay.",open_qa Give me a list of several scenic countries that you should visit.,,"Switzerland, Vietnam, Thailand, Morocco, Botswana, New Zealand",brainstorming "Tell me some of the rivers that flow through Europe, in alphabetical order.",,"In alphabetical order, some of the major European rivers are: Danube River, Elbe River, Loire River, Oder River, Rhine River, River Shannon and the Tagus River.",brainstorming What are the top 5 best ways to prepare a burger?,,"1) Traditional methods would start with using a normal grill for 2-3 minutes per side, ensuring the burger is full cooked. 2) For the real burger enthusiast, the only way to prepare a burger is the smash burger style typically completed on a flat top griddle. This technique produces a unique sear on the outer part of the burger adding to taste and texture. 3) Some people might also like to prepare a burger on a kitchen stove top or George Foreman grill. Not advised but works in a pinch. 4) For those camping, burgers can be prepared on a cast iron skillet over wood fire. 5) Lastly, one could use a microwave in a pinch but this type of heating mechanism is not idea for preparing any type of meat.",brainstorming What are the 7 Wonders of the Solar System:,,"These are 7 wonders that can be found in the Solar System: - Enceladus, a moon of Saturn - The Great Red Spot of Jupiter, a massive and persistent anticyclonic storm in the planet's southern hemisphere - The asteroid belt, a region of innumerable small solid bodies located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter - The surface of the Sun - The oceans of Earth - The Rings of Saturn - Olympus Mons, an enormous shield volcano on Mars and the tallest planetary mountain in the Solar System",brainstorming "When being in cold weather, categorize each of the following as ""Useful"" or ""Not Useful"": Coat, Air Condition, Ice, Beanie, Pants, Bikini",,"Coat: Useful Air Condition: Not Useful Ice: Not Useful Beanie: Useful Pants: Useful Bikini: Not Useful",classification Tell me an idea for a film based off of the cartoon movie Cars but incorporate self-driving cars.,,"A self-driving car named Walter (voiced by Will Arnett) is stuck driving drunk passengers around San Francisco at all hours of the night trying to make ends meet. He frequently has pedestrians staring at him because he doesn't have a driver, kids drawing graffiti on him, and passengers giving him a bad review for being too cautious while driving. Walter dreams of being a race car like the rich cars he sees on Tik Tok. They get to drive fast as Sonoma Raceway and race each other in front of stadiums full of people while Walter has to follow the 30mph speed limit on SF streets. Walter finds out that the race car life isn't all it's cracked up to be, and realizes over time to be happy with what he has and that at least he isn't one of those ride-share vehicles that can't drive themselves around town.",creative_writing "Given this paragraph, what is the out of state acceptance rate at the University of Virginia?","For the undergraduate Class of 2023, the University of Virginia received a record 40,815 applications, admitting 24 percent. Approximately 40 percent of those admitted are non-white. Matriculated students come from all 50 states and 147 foreign countries. UVA is required, by Virginia state law, to matriculate two-thirds of its undergraduate student body from its pool of in-state applicants. As a result, its acceptance rate for in-state students (36 percent) is nearly twice the out-of-state rate (19 percent) as of 2019. The university has seen steady increases to its applicant pool in recent decades, and the number of applications has more than doubled since the Class of 2008 received 15,094 applications. As of 2014, 93 percent of admitted applicants ranked in the top 10 percent of their high school classes.",The out of state acceptance rate at the University of Virginia is 19%.,closed_qa What is the difference between Azure Synapse Dedicated SQL Pools and Serverless SQL Pools?,,"Azure Synapse Dedicated SQL pools is based on the legacy on-prem MS SQL Server technology of the past, while Azure Synapse SQL Serverless Pools is a new technology built from the ground up by a different Microsoft team using a modern distributed query processing engine reading files directly on top of ADLS. Based on these two SQL solutions having completely different architectures they have widely different capabilities, where Synapse Serverless SQL Pools have: - Great support for legacy T-SQL - Great integration with Power BI - Good Support for reading open format files directly from ADLS (including Delta Lake) However, Serverless SQL Pools has: - NO support for data writing (no INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, or MERGE capability), because all integration must happen externally on files. - NO result caching, so dashboards or queries that are run multiple times will pay in time and money for each execution even if just run seconds ago. - NO file caching, so cloud storage API can be high and flood the network and slow a larger installation",open_qa Give me a bulleted list of colleges or universities located Massachusetts,,"- Harvard - Boston College - Boston University - Northeastern - Babson College - Bentley - Stonehill - University of Massachusetts Amherst - University of Massachusetts Dartmouth - University of Massachusetts Boston - Bridgewater State University - Bunker Hill Community College - Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Berklee College of Music - Tufts University",brainstorming What did the note in Hermione's hand say when she was found petrified in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets?,,"The note simply said the word, ""pipes."" Harry Potter and his friends, Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, were attempting to discover the truth of the legendary Chamber of Secrets, and the monster guarding it. Hermione had realized that the monster must be a basilisk, a rare and very dangerous snake-like beast that had been using the pipes to travel about Hogwarts.",open_qa What is called a Capital charge in finance?,,"If a unit trust manager takes the management charges out of the fund's capital instead of the income it has generated, it is called a capital charge.",open_qa "Tell me whether these shows are animated or not: South Park, Rugrats, Curb Your Enthusiasm, House Hunters, Attack on Titan",,"South Park: Animated Rugrats: Animated Curb Your Enthusiasm: Not Animated House Hunters: Not Animated Attack on Titan: Animated",classification "In YAML tell me a list of teams mentioned in the text. It should be in the form `location: ${location}`, `mascot: ${mascot}`","The Dallas Cowboys joined the NFL as an expansion team in 1960. The team's national following might best be represented by its NFL record of consecutive sell-outs. The Cowboys' streak of 190 consecutive sold-out regular and post-season games (home and away) began in 2002. The franchise has made it to the Super Bowl eight times, tying it with the Pittsburgh Steelers and Denver Broncos for second-most Super Bowl appearances in history behind the New England Patriots' record 11 appearances. The Cowboys have won eight NFC championships, the most in the conference's history. The Cowboys are the only NFL team to record 20 straight winning seasons (from 1966 to 1985) during which they missed the playoffs only twice (1974 and 1984).","- location: Dallas mascot: Cowboys - location: Pittsburgh mascot: Steelers - location: Denver mascot: Broncos - location: New England mascot: Patriots",information_extraction "What is the difference between worker bees and drone bees, and are there any other types of bees?",,"Workers are the smallest of the bee castes, but are by far the most numerous. All workers are female, and normally incapable of reproduction. They are unable to mate, but in a hopelessly queenless colony, workers may begin to lay unfertilized eggs, which develop into drones. Drones are the male honey bees. The only function of a drone is to fertilize a young queen bee. Queen bee function in the hive is one of production. Queen bee is normally the only reproductive female in the colony. Egg-laying begins in early spring, initiated when the first fresh pollen is brought home by the workers. Egg production will continue until fall, or as long as pollen is available. So there are three types of bees: workers, drones and a queen bee.",classification What are some good costumes I can wear for Halloween? Give me at least five in a bullet list,,"- A pumpkin - A witch - A lifeguard - A fairy - Harry Potter",brainstorming "Classify each of the following as either DC or Marvel characters: Superman, Mickey Mouse, Thor, Batwoman, Gamora, Scarlet Witch, Superman, Wonder Woman, Homer Simpson, Falcon, Moon Girl",,"DC Characters: Superman, Batwoman, Superman, Wonder Woman. Marvel Characters: Thor, Gamora, Scarlet Witch, Falcon, Moon Girl. Neither DC or Marvel: Mickey Mouse, Homer Simpson.",classification "What does it mean if something ""slaps""?",,"Slaps is a slang word originating from the San Francisco Bay Area, popularized by local rapper E-40. Music ""slaps"" when the music hits hard, the bass pumps just right, and you feel it in your chest. Music that makes you want to get active and dance is music that ""slaps"". Food does not ever slap. Food smacks if it is good. It does not ever slap.",open_qa "Classify each of the following water bodies as oceans and seas: Pacific, Arabian, Caspian, Atlantic",,"Pacific - ocean Arabian - sea Caspian - sea Atlantic - ocean",classification Name 10 of Kris Jenner's Grandchildren,,"North West, Saint West, Chicago West, Psalm West, True Thompson, Dream Kardashian, Stormi Webster, Aire Webster, Mason Disick, Penelope Disick and Reign Disick.",brainstorming What happened to the tax assessor and his dog?,"When the kids fight over a coin for ice cream, J. Field Mouse tells his grandchildren the story of a mouse whose greed and dishonesty became his undoing. Feigning blindness and playing the fiddle, he collects enough money to live an opulent lifestyle. His home, marked by a shabby exterior, turns out to be a mansion where he lives it up with his riches. All the fiddler's luxury is in jeopardy when the tax assessor knocks on the door. The fiddler hurriedly presses a series of buttons to hide his opulence and make his home look like a hovel. He succeeds in confusing the tax assessor to the point that he flees in frustration, but an eavesdropping cat plays on the fiddler's greed and lures him into his jaws by placing a gold coin there. And that, says J. Field Mouse to his grandchildren, was the end of the greedy mouse. One of the grandchildren asked if the greedy mouse got eaten. The grandfather said, ""Yes, he ate him all up,"". But one of his grandchildren notices a gold (cat's?) tooth hanging on display and realizes that things weren't quite what they seem.","The tax assessor leaves after being confused by the fiddler, who changes his home into a hovel. There is no dog in this story, however, but it does mention a mouse and a cat.",information_extraction Think up of a bunch of different holidays celebrated in the US,,"Some US holidays include 4th of July, Memorial Day, Labor Day, Juneteenth and Thanksgiving",brainstorming Based on the provided paragraph give a bullet list of the names of the countries (regions) which took part in WWI and their reasons?,"World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. The first decade of the 20th century saw increasing diplomatic tension between the European great powers. This reached breaking point on 28 June 1914, when a Bosnian Serb named Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. Austria-Hungary held Serbia responsible, and declared war on 28 July. Russia came to Serbia's defense, and by 4 August, defensive alliances had drawn in Germany, France, and Britain. German strategy in 1914 was to first defeat France, then attack Russia. However, this failed, and by the end of 1914, the Western Front consisted of a continuous line of trenches stretching from the English Channel to Switzerland. The Eastern Front was more fluid, but neither side could gain a decisive advantage, despite a series of costly offensives. Attempts by both sides to bypass the stalemate caused fighting to expand into the Middle East, the Alps, the Balkans, and overseas colonies, bringing Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, and others into the war.","The countries and regions that took part in World War I (WWI) and their reasons are as follows: - Austria-Hungary: because their heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated by a Bosnian Serb named Gavrilo Princip. - Serbia: because Austria-Hungary declared war against them. - Russia: because they wanted to defend Serbia. - Germany, France, and Britain: because they were allies with the countries already engaging in the war. - Middle East, the Alps, the Balkans, and overseas colonies, bringing Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, and others: because the Eastern Front of the war was more fluid, but neither side could gain a decisive advantage. Both sides had attempts to overcome the stalemate leading to the war expanding into these regions and countries.",summarization "Which of these items are clothing brands and which are banks: Levi’s, Gap, Goldman Sachs, Banana Republic, JP Morgan Chase, Seven, and Guess.",,"The banks are JP Morgan Chase and Goldman Sachs, and the clothing brands are Guess, Gap, Banana Republic, Levi’s, and Seven.",classification What are three meals that a small child is likely to eat for lunch?,,"Most small children will enjoy chicken nuggets, macaroni and cheese, or a peanut butter and jelly sandwich as the main course. You can include fruits, such as grapes, berries, apples, or oranges, as well as vegetables, such as carrots, celery, or broccoli, to make it a meal.",brainstorming "Tell me which of these US Presidents was Republican or Democrat: Dwight Eisenhower, John Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter",,"Dwight Eisenhower - Republican John Kennedy - Democrat Lyndon Johnson - Democrat Richard Nixon - Republican Gerald Ford - Republican Jimmy Carter - Democrat",classification How do you make Cincinnati style Venison Chili?,,"In a 4 to 6 quart pot, bring 1 quart of water to a boil Add: 2 lbs ground Venison Sit until separated and reduce heat to a simmer Add: 2 medium yellow onions, finely chopped 5 to 6 cloves of garlic, crushed (or 3 teaspoons minced garlic) One 15-ounce can tomato sauce 2 Tablespoons apple cider vinegar 1 tablespoon Worcestershire sauce In a ziplock bag, crush and add: 10 black peppercorns 8 whole allspice 8 whole cloves Stir and Add: 1 large bay leaf 2 teaspoons salt 2 teaspoons ground cinnamon 1 1/2 teaspoons ground cayenne pepper 1 teaspoon cumin 1/2 ounce grated unsweetened chocolate Return to a boil, then reduce heat to a simmer for 2 hours. If using ground beef, cool uncovered and store overnight in the refrigerator. Spoon off excess fat the next morning. Heat and serve",open_qa "List some of the minor houses in the series ""A Song of Ice and Fire.""",,"Florent, Caron, Graceford, Jordayne, Piper, Penrose, Waxley, Wydman, Wensington",open_qa "Classify each of the follow weapons used by the US Military as a Fighter Jet, Rifle, Attack Helicopter, or Tank: M4 Carbine, F16 Falcon, M1 Abrams, F15 Eagle, AH64 Apache, M1903 Springfield, AH1 Cobra, M4 Sherman, F14 Tomcat, F86 Sabre",,"M4 Carbine - Rifle F16 Falcon - Fighter Jet M1 Abrams - Tank F15 Eagle - Fighter Jet AH64 Apache - Attack Helicopter M1903 Springfield - Rifle AH1 Cobra - Attack Helicopter M4 Sherman - Tank F14 Tomcat - Fighter Jet F86 Sabre - Fighter Jet",classification Give me list of main cast of Friends TV show,"Friends is an American television sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons. With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six friends in their 20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City. The series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. The original executive producers were Kevin S. Bright, Kauffman, and Crane.","Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry, David Schwimmer",information_extraction "Tell me the genre of music that these artist play: Miles Davis, Ice Cube, John Mayer, Waylon Jennings",,"Miles Davis: jazz Ice Cube: rap John Mayer: rock Waylon Jennings: country",classification "Tell me whether these are examples of twentieth-century architecture and design: modernism, art deco, art nouveau, post-modernism, victorian",,"Modernism, post-modernism, art nouveau, victorian and art deco are all examples of twentieth-century architecture and design. Art nouveau and victorian can also be considered to be examples of nineteenth-century architecture and design, as art nouveau began circa 1890 and ended circa 1910, while victorian began circa 1837 and ended circa 1901, coinciding with the reign of Queen Victoria of Great Britain.",classification List five titles by Anne Rice.,,"Lasher, The Queen of the Damned, The Vampire Lestat, Interview with a Vampire, Memnoch the Devil",open_qa "A square has angles of 30 degrees, 90 degrees and 150 degrees. What is the last angle in the square?",,All the angles in a square must be 90 degrees. Squares cannot have 30 degree or 150 degree angles,creative_writing "Categorize the following lego sets into the appropriate themes. Themes: City, Creator, Technic, Star Wars, Super Heroes Sets: Police station, Mobile crane with working arm, The Bat Cave, 3 in 1 deep sea animals, Obi Wan vs Anakin duel on Mustafar, The Naboo palace, UCS Slave 1, Aston Martin with 4 speed transmission, lunar mission, realistic laptop",,"Here is a sensible categorization of these sets: Lego City sets: Police station, lunar mission Lego Creator sets: 3 in 1 deep sea animals, realistic laptop Lego Technic sets: Mobile crane with working arm, Aston Martin with 4 speed transmission Lego Star Wars sets: Obi Wan vs Anakin duel on Mustafar, The Naboo palace, UCS Slave 1 Lego Super Heroes sets: The Bat Cave",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Samphor, Viola toeria",,"Viola toeria is string, Samphor is percussion.",classification "Tell me which of the following are real car parts: differential, gearbox, splinehook, flidget, wheel.",,"Differential, gearbox, and wheels are all parts of cars.",classification What's changed and unchanged for IKEA pencils through the years?,"IKEA pencils are small pencils provided for free in IKEA stores worldwide. They are found in small boxes attached to poles, together with maps, measuring tapes and shopping forms. The IKEA pencil has been known for the wide variety of designs. Through the years the color changed from blue, to yellow to the natural color of wood. Despite the different colors, its dimensions have always been 7×87mm. Their common in-store application is for notetaking, with customers making note of selected items from product tags onto their notepads and visiting the self-service furniture warehouse to collect their showroom products in flat pack form, using their notes to locate their products.","The color changed from blue, to yellow to the natural color of wood. The dimensions of the pencil has never changed which is always 7 x 87mm.",summarization "Give me an example of numbers in these categories: Natural Numbers, Prime Number, Composite Number, Whole Numbers, Integers, Rational Numbers, Irrational Numbers, Real Numbers, Complex Number.",,"These are a few examples for each type of number: Natural Numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4 Prime Number: 2, 3, 5, 7 Composite Number: 4, 6, 8, 9 Whole Numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3 Integers: -1, 0, 1, 2 Rational Numbers: −1/3, 0.99999…, 7/2, 13/9 Irrational Numbers: √5, √11, √21, π Real Numbers: -2, 0, 1/2, √3 Complex Number: 0.39 + 1.9 i, √5 + √9i, −5 + πi, 2 + i",open_qa What is the definition of a moon landing,"A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. This includes both crewed and robotic missions. The first human-made object to touch the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2, on 13 September 1959.","A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. This includes both crewed and robotic missions. The first human-made object to touch the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2, on 13 September 1959. The United States' Apollo 11 was the first crewed mission to land on the Moon, on 20 July 1969. There were six crewed U.S. landings between 1969 and 1972, and numerous uncrewed landings, with no soft landings happening between 22 August 1976 and 14 December 2013. The United States is the only country to have successfully conducted crewed missions to the Moon, with the last departing the lunar surface in December 1972. All soft landings took place on the near side of the Moon until 3 January 2019, when the Chinese Chang'e 4 spacecraft made the first landing on the far side of the Moon.",summarization Which NFL teams have gone to the Super Bowl only once and won?,,New Orleans Saints and New York Jets,open_qa "Identify the bird from the list: Not, Knot, Nought",,Knot,classification "Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Namibia or Lithuania. Klaipėda, Oshakati, Kaunas, Windhoek, Vilnius, Rundu",,"Namibia - Windhoek, Rundu, Oshakati Lithuania - Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda",classification What is the difference between a detail and an Inference,,"A detail is the words you use to describe something, but an inference is an informational guess. Occasionally you can use details to make an inference",open_qa "Tell me which one of these is different than others - Football, Hockey, Basketball, Baseball, Cricket, Lacrosse.",,"All of these are popular sports. Depending on the context, these can be grouped differently. In terms of popular American sports, Cricket is the odd one out. It's popularity is on the rise in USA, but it doesn't enjoy the same stature as other sports in this group. In terms of international popularity, Lacrosse might be different than others. Although 68+ countries compete in Lacrosse, it's popularity is lower than the other sports in terms of viewership and following in total number of people. (Ice) Hockey uses a rubber puck while other sports on the list use some form of a ball.",classification "Name some characters from the first ""Saved by the Bell"" series.",,"Zach, Kelly, Lisa, Slater, Screech, Mr. Belding",open_qa Give me a list of the 10 most recent winners of the Men's Boat Race between Oxford and Cambridge.,,"2023: Cambridge 2022: Oxford 2021: Cambridge 2020: No race held due to the COVID-19 Pandemic 2019: Cambridge 2018: Cambridge 2017: Oxford 2016: Cambridge 2015: Oxford 2014: Oxford 2013: Oxford",brainstorming "Tell me what league each of the following teams play in: Anaheim Ducks Baltimore Ravens St. Louis Cardinals Atlanta Falcons Toronto Raptors New Orleans Pelicans Arizona Cardinals Atlanta Hawks Baltimore Orioles Seattle Seahawks Pittsburgh Penguins Philadelphia Eagles Toronto Blue Jays",,"Here are the leagues the teams you mentioned play in: Anaheim Ducks - NHL Baltimore Ravens - NFL St. Louis Cardinals - MLB Atlanta Falcons - NFL Toronto Raptors - NBA New Orleans Pelicans - NBA Arizona Cardinals - NFL Atlanta Hawks - NBA Baltimore Orioles - MLB Seattle Seahawks - NFL Pittsburgh Penguins - NHL Philadelphia Eagles - NFL Toronto Blue Jays - MLB",classification "Classify each of the following as either even or odd number: 1, 3, 15, 24, 56, 47, 4, 88, 13, 10, 74, 35, 99, 82, 6, 59, 73, 12, 68, 9.",,"Odd numbers are numbers that cannot be divided exactly by 2. They include: 1, 3, 9, 13, 15, 35, 47, 59, 73, 99. Even numbers are numbers that can be divided by 2. They include: 4, 6, 10, 12, 24, 56, 68, 74, 82, 88.",classification What is the difference between tennis shoes and sandals?,,"Tennis shoes are a form of footware that fully covers and supports your feet. These shoes are designed to endure a lot of wear and tear, as they are often used for physical activity and general daily use. Tennis shoes typically have full heal support that limits the movement of your foot within the shoe as you wear them. Tennis shoes also have laces, which help the wearer to tighten the shoe fabric around your foot, providing further support. Sandals are a type of footware that does not fully cover or support your foot. Sandals typically have some sort of wrap or toe fixture that helps to keep the shoe on the wearer as they walk. This type of shoe is mostly used for short-term wear, at the beach, or at the pool, as they are extremely convenient to put on and take off.",open_qa "Which one of these do not belong to the group: Feeling, Joy, Anxiety, Anger, Sorrow",,"Feeling is the odd one out, the other terms are specific emotions.",classification "At a restaurant that serves only vegan food, tell me whether each of the following items could be found in the kitchen or not: Butter, Eggs, Tofu, Chicken, Kale, Spinach, Peppers, Steak, Bread, Chickpeas, Pork",,"Butter: Could not be found in the kitchen Eggs: Could not be found in the kitchen Tofu: Could be found in the kitchen Chicken: Could not be found in the kitchen Kale: Could be found in the kitchen Spinach: Could be found in the kitchen Peppers: Could be found in the kitchen Steak: Could not be found in the kitchen Bread: Could be found in the kitchen Chickpeas: Could be found in the kitchen Pork: Could not be found in the kitchen",classification Which country produces the most pineapples?,,"The Philippines produces the most pineapples, followed closely by Costa Rica.",open_qa Who first recorded the weather?,,"It is believed that people in China made notes about wind, rain and snow onto pieces of tortoiseshell. Some evidence dates back to 3000 years, making the Chinese the first to record the weather.",open_qa "In Berkeley, how do parents select their public middle school?",,The Berkeley Unified Public Schools assign children to their middle school based on the location of their home.,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Clapper, Chagane",,"Chagane is string, Clapper is percussion.",classification "What is ""Scandoval?""",,"""Scandoval"" is a term coined to describe the interpersonal relationship drama between multiple cast members on the reality show Vanderpump Rules (VPR). It combines the word ""scandal"" with the surname of the main perpetrator, Tom Sandoval. Tom Sandoval, a sometime bartender and longtime cast member on VPR, had an affair on his girlfriend of 8 years, fellow bartender and cast member Ariana Maddox, with Raquel Leviss. Leviss is a VPR cast member, former beauty queen, and most notably, one of Ariana's closest friends. The scandal shocked cast members and VPR fans alike, primarily due to the unforeseen nature of the affair, as well as Tom and Raquel's lack of remorse for their behavior. The drama became so nationally amplified that even celebrities - from model Chrissy Teigen to SNL's Aidy Bryant - and fashion brands - including bag brand Beis - made public comments regarding it.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ikembe, Cimbalom",,"Cimbalom is string, Ikembe is percussion.",classification "Tell me whether these are types of pears or types of apples: Anjou, Bartlett, Bosc, Cosmic Crisp, Fuji, Granny Smith, Plymouth.",,"Anjou, Bartlett, Bosc, and Plymouth are all types of Pears. Cosmic Crisp, Fuji, and Granny Smith are all types of apples.",classification "Which of these are movies that Will Ferrell starred in and which ones did Jim Carrey star in? Elf, Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy, Step Brothers, Megamind, Zoolander, The Mask, Liar Liar, Sonic the Hedgehog, Dumb and Dumber, The Cable Guy, Ace Ventura: Pet Detective",,"Will Ferrell: Elf, Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy, Step Brothers, Megamind, Zoolander Jim Carrey: The Mask, Liar Liar, Sonic the Hedgehog, Dumb and Dumber, The Cable Guy, Ace Ventura: Pet Detective",classification "Classify each of the following as either a state in the United States or a country: Georgia, California, Alaska, Canada, Peru, Texas, Florida, Pennsylvania, New Mexico, Mexico, Ireland, Russia, Oregon",,"State: California, Alaska, Texas, Florida, Pennsylvania, New Mexico, Oregon Country: Canada, Peru, Mexico, Ireland, Russia Both: Georgia",classification "Classify these as healthy or not healthy food options or not a food: french fries, KFC, apple, fruit salad, steak, beer, wine, whisky, potato chips, baked cauliflower, wrench, gravel, McDonald's, Turkish kebab, pear, bricks, aloe vera, sand.",,"Healthy food options are: apple, fruit salad, steak, baked cauliflower, pear. Not healthy food options are: french fries, KFC, beer, wine, whisky, potato chips, McDonald's, Turkish kebab. Not a food: wrench, gravel, bricks, aloe vera, sand.",classification Give me a list of horror/thriller books to read,,"The books of Blood by Clive Barker A Lush and Seething Hell by John Hornor Jacobs The Method by James Patterson Dracula by Bram Stoker Tender is the Flesh by Agustina Bazrerrica Salem's Lot by Stephen King",brainstorming "Classify each of the following animal as a carnivore, omnivore or herbivore: tiger, bear, giraffe, wolverine, elephant, monkey",,"Carnivores: Tiger, wolverine Omnivore: Bear, monkey Herbivore: Elephant, giraffe",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kecer, Saz",,"Saz is string, Kecer is percussion.",classification "You stumble upon a new animal, one the world has never seen. What is it and how did you come up with it's name?",,"I can't believe I found the worlds first ever Micophant. I thought for sure what I had stumbled upon was a very tiny, baby elephant but I know baby elephants can weigh up to 200lbs at birth. This little 3lb creature with all the features of a full grown elephant was truly one of a kind. The most notable item my Microphant had was a tiny set of functional wings. So not only could this small creature move by foot, it could also fly! I was so astonished by this discovery I contacted my local Zoo which helped me identify this animal and notify the appropriate scientific community of this incredible discovery.",creative_writing "What are some of the best restaurants to try in Las Vegas, Nevada?",,"Carbone, Din Tai Fung, Bacchanal Buffet",open_qa "Which of the following are nuts: pecan, hazelnut, butternut squash, walnut, peanut, corn nut, macadamia nut.",,"The following are nuts: pecan, hazelnut, walnut, peanut, macadamia nut. The following are not nuts: butternut squash, corn nut.",classification "Classify each of the following as a character from The Matrix or from Divergent: Four, Neo, Trinity, Caleb, Jeanine, Persephone, Tris, Cypher, Marlene",,"The Matrix: Neo, Trinity, Persephone, Cypher Divergent: Four, Caleb, Jeanine, Tris, Marlene",classification 5 best Resume titles,,"Savvy & Energetic Director with Robust Skills in Marketing ,PR, IT, Healthcare , Administration Licensed FL Attorney and Experienced Educator Seeking Remote Work Bilingual, dedicated, and proactive with experience in visual communication, office clerk, and CS. Flexible Professional with Experience in Account Management and International Consulting Experienced customer enthusiast ready to deliver diamond-level service!",brainstorming "Classify each of the following as a Country, State, or City: Saint Louis, Detroit, Alabama, Washington, Washington D.C., Alaska, Canada, Mexico, Mexico City, Toronto, Florida, Boise",,"Saint Louis is a city Detroit is a city Alabama is a state Washington is a state Washington D.C. is a city Alaska is a state Mexico is a country Mexico City is a city Toronto is a city Florida is a state Boise is a city",classification What is the difference between basketball and netball?,,"Basketball and netball are similar, but the team numbers, rules, and equipment are different. Basketball has ten players, players can dribble and run with the ball, and the ball and basket are larger. Netball has seven players, players are not allowed to dribble or run with the ball, and the ball and basket are slightly smaller. Netball was originally developed as a women's sport although modern-day men now play netball as well.",open_qa "Tell me whether these animals are poisonous or not poisonous: rattlesnake, scorpion, box jellyfish, king cobra, Indian python, koala, porcupine",,"Rattlesnakes are poisonous reptiles. Scorpions are poisonous arachnids. Box jellyfish are poisonous. King cobras are poisonous reptiles. Indian pythons are non poisonous reptiles. Koalas are non poisonous mammals. Porcupines are non poisonous mammals.",classification "Tell me whether these golfers are right-handed or left-handed: Phil Mickelson, Sergio Garcia, Bubba Watson, Kevin Na, Carlos Ortiz, Brooks Koepka",,"Phil Mickelson: Left-handed Sergio Garcia: Right-handed Bubba Watson: Left-handed Kevin Na: Right-handed Carlos Ortiz: Right-handed Brooks Koepka: Right-handed",classification Why was peanut butter invented?,,"Peanut butter was first invented by the Inca, but made a reappearance in North America due to its rediscovery by John Harvey Kellogg in 1895. Peanut butter was made with the purpose of helping older people who couldn’t chew solid foods gain nutrients such as protein. Although it made a reapperance in 1895, it was sold to the public in 1904.",brainstorming "List some of the great houses that appear in the series ""A Song of Ice and Fire.""",,"Stark, Lannister, Baratheon, Tyrell, Arryn, Martell, Karstark, Mormont.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Timpani, Maguhu",,"Maguhu is string, Timpani is percussion.",classification "Classify each of the following as ""heavy"" or ""light"": elephant, feather, hippo, paper, whale",,"Elephant: Heavy Feather: Light Hippo: Heavy Paper: Light Whale: Heavy",classification "Tell me which sport the following athletes play, or played in the past: Michael Jordan, Derek Jeter, Joe Namath, Lebron James, Tiger Woods, Rory Mcilroy, Jackie Robinson, Mike Tyson, Barry Sanders, Tom Brady, Jaromir Jagr, Sydney Crosby, Muhammed Ali, Greg Maddux, Oscar Robertson",,"Please see below for the classification of each athlete. Baseball: Derek Jeter, Jackie Robinson, Greg Maddux Basketball: Lebron James, Michael Jordon, Oscar Robertson Football: Tom Brady, Joe Namath, Barry Sanders Golf: Tiger Woods, Rory Mcilroy Boxing: Mike Tyson, Muhammed Ali Hockey: Sydney Crosby, Jaromir Jagr",classification "Identify which of the following airlines are now defunct: Eastern Air Lines, Alaska Airlines, Virgin America Airlines, Virgin Atlantic Airlines, Pan American World Airways, Tower Air, Braniff International Airways, jetBlue, Spirit Airlines, Flybe",,"Eastern Air Lines, Virgin America Airlines, Pan American World Airways, Tower Air, Braniff International Airways, Flybe",classification Which film holds the record for most Academy Award wins?,,"Three films own the record for the most Academy Award wins. They are Titanic, Ben Hur, and Lord of the Rings: Return of the King",open_qa What event John Johnstone won as a rider?,"John Johnstone (1881-1935) was a British businessman and rider. He was the tai-pan of the Jardine, Matheson & Co., member of the Shanghai Municipal Council and Legislative Council of Hong Kong. He was the head of the Jardine, Matheson & Co. as well as director of numerous companies. He was member of the Shanghai Municipal Council and the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. He was a keen rider and bore the reputation of being the best rider East of the Suez. He succeeded in winning the Jockey Cup on a pony named Ben-y-Gloe belonging to C. H. Ross, the former tai-pan of Jardines when he first went to Hong Kong in 1903. In 1904, he won the Professional Cup on a pony named Runaway Girl, purchased from W. A. Cruickshank. From 1903 to 1919, he rode in 1,178 races, winning 334, securing 192 seconds and 186 thirds, being unplaced 466 times, excluding the record of minor events such as Off Days or Gymkhanas. He won 14 Grand Nationals in China, and at one meeting in Hong Kong rode in 30 races winning 16 of them. He was also the President of the St. Andrew's Society. He left Hong Kong on 31 March 1921 for home by the Empress of Asia. In 1928 he won The Foxhunters Cup at Cheltenham riding Rathpatrick and officiated as steward at several of the northern meetings. He died at the Cheltenham meeting in 1935 where he was officiating.",John Johnstone won the Jockey Cup on a horse named Ben-y-Gloe.,closed_qa "You were abducted by aliens and experimented on, you were sent back to earth with the knowledge and ability to solve any problem on earth",,"Now that I have returned to earth with extreme knowledge and power, I have the ability to solve any problem in the world. I will start with antigravity enabling space travel for all. I will then discover the secret to longevity. I will answer the uncertainties of the world such as how the Pyramids came to be, lost civilizations, nuclear fusion and global warming. Finally, to make my millions, I will reverse male balding.",creative_writing How many professional basketball teams are based in California?,,"California has 4 basketball teams: the Golden State Warriors, the Los Angeles Clippers, the Los Angeles Lakers, and the Sacramento Kings.",open_qa "Of these senior crew members of the HMS Bounty, which turned out to be mutineers and which were loyalists: William Bligh, John Fryer, Fletcher Christian, William Cole, William Peckover, William Purcell, William Elphinstone, Thomas Ledward, John Hallett, Thomas Hayward",,"William Bligh - Loyalist John Fryer - Loyalist Fletcher Christian - Mutineer William Cole - Loyalist William Peckover - Loyalist William Purcell - Loyalist William Elphinstone - Loyalist Thomas Ledward - Loyalist John Hallett - Loyalist Thomas Hayward - Loyalist",classification Name five NHL teams in the Eastern Conference,,"Five NHL teams in the Eastern Conference are the Tampa Bay Lightning, Boston Bruins, Toronto Maple Leafs, New York Rangers, and Carolina Hurricanes",open_qa "Given this paragraph about the dimensions of a volleyball court, what is the area of one half of a volleyball court with an explanation of the math behind the calculation.","A volleyball court is 9 m × 18 m (29.5 ft × 59.1 ft), divided into equal square halves by a net with a width of one meter (39.4 in). The top of the net is 2.43 m (7 ft 11+11⁄16 in) above the centre of the court for men's competition, and 2.24 m (7 ft 4+3⁄16 in) for women's competition, varied for veterans and junior competitions.",The area of one half of a volleyball court is 81 square meters. The total area of the court is 162 square meters (9 m x 18 m). It is divided into two equal square halves of 81 square meters each (9 m x 9 m).,closed_qa "When cleaning a house, categorize each of the following as ""useful"" or ""not useful"": Broom, Mop, Vacuum, Sand, Dirt, Dust Pan, Food",,"Broom: Useful Mop: Useful Vacuum: Useful Sand: Not Useful Dirt: Not Useful Dust Pan: Useful Food: Not Useful",classification Give me a list of dog names,,"Sparky, Rusty, Tank, Fred, Coco, Bailey, Pierre, Libby",brainstorming Did Ghana lose by 100 against India in a soccer game?,,"This game actually didn't happen but Ghanaians and the entire nation some believe it did and tell stories about it. Our parents describe the game as very intriguing filled with mythical black magic and powers. It is believe that the soccer ball turned in the course of the game turned into different sorts of objects every time Ghana had possession. This however aided the Indian team to put up 100 goals whereas Ghana only scored 1. Lastly, legend has it that the Ghanaian player that scored the only goal for Ghana died afterwards",open_qa Please give me a bulleted list of the different types of horses cited in the text as well as their maximum height in centimeters (separated by a comma),"The size of horses varies by breed, but also is influenced by nutrition. Light-riding horses usually range in height from 14 to 16 hands (56 to 64 inches, 142 to 163 cm) and can weigh from 380 to 550 kilograms (840 to 1,210 lb). Larger-riding horses usually start at about 15.2 hands (62 inches, 157 cm) and often are as tall as 17 hands (68 inches, 173 cm), weighing from 500 to 600 kilograms (1,100 to 1,320 lb). Heavy or draft horses are usually at least 16 hands (64 inches, 163 cm) high and can be as tall as 18 hands (72 inches, 183 cm) high. They can weigh from about 700 to 1,000 kilograms (1,540 to 2,200 lb).","- Light-riding horses, 163 cm - Larger-riding horses, 173 cm - Heavy or draft horses, 183 cm",summarization "Classify each of the following as a mammal, reptile, or neither: alligator, frog, cat, moose, lizard, snake, dog",,"Alligator: Reptile Frog: Neither Cat: Mammal Moose: Mammal Lizard: Reptile Snake: Reptile Dog: Mammal",classification 15 days Europe plan,,"Amsterdam - 2 Days Belgium- 3 Days Paris - 2 Days Zurich -1 Day Interlaken - 2 Days Venice - 2 Days Naples and Capri - 2 Days Rome - 2 Days Athens - 2 Days Santorini - 3 Days",brainstorming Give me a list of the 3 best activities to do with your kids when the weather is bad outside,,"Build a fort in the living room with blankets, pillows and chairs. Watch nostalgic movies like The Goonies, Sandlot and Honey, I Shrunk the kids. Build a lego castle.",brainstorming "For the list given, classify which items are considered vegan, vegitarian and non vegetarian: milk, tofu, curd, chicken, mutton, bacon, clam, tomato, potato, onion, egg, beef, pork, mango, apple, salmon, soy milk, paneer",,"Vegan : tofu, soy milk, tomato, potato, onion, mango, apple Vegetarian: milk, curd, paneer, tofu, soy milk, tomato, potato, onion, mango, apple Non vegetarian: chicken, mutton, bacon, clam,egg, beef, pork, salmon",classification "Classify these quarterback as either won Superbowl or did not win: Joe Montana, Dan Marino, Jim Kelly, John Elway.",,"Won Superbowl: Joe Montana, John Elway Did not win Superbowl: Dan Marino, Jim Kelly",classification What are some weird ways I can cut my grass?,,"If you aren't using a lawnmower to cut your grass, here are some weird ideas to keep your grass trimmed: - Buy a goat and leave it in your yard - Spend all day cutting each blade with some craft scissors - Flamethrower - Dress up like the grim reaper and use a scythe",brainstorming Give me a bulleted list of the winners of the The Masters Tournament for the last decade.,,The winners of The Masters Tournament since 2013 were: In 2022 - Scottie Scheffler; 2021 - Hideki Matsuyama; 2020 - Dustin Johnson; 2019 - Tiger Woods; 2018 - Patrick Reed; 2017 - Sergio Garcia; 2016 - Danny Willett; 2015 - Jordan Spieth; 2014 - Bubba Watson; 2013 - Adam Scott. Each year the winner of the Masters Tournament is famously gifted a green dinner jacket.,brainstorming "Categorize each of the following as a grocery store or restaurant: Publix, Texas Roadhouse, Bonefish, Costco, Aldi, McDonalds, KFC, Whole Foods",,"Publix: Grocery Store Texas Roadhouse: Restaurant Bonefish: Restaurant Costco: Grocery Store Aldi: Grocery Store McDonalds: Restaurant KFC: Restaurant Whole Foods: Grocery Store",classification "Which of these Disney cartoons were remade as a live action movie? Lion King, Toy Story, Aladdin, Jungle Book, Fox and the Hound, Shrek",,"Disney made a live action version of The Lion King, Aladdin, and The Jungle Book. Disney has not announced plans to remake Toy Story or The Fox and the Hound as live action movies. Shrek is not a Disney movie and there is not a live action version.",classification What is the best food?,,"We all need food to survive. For many people, food is more than a necessity for survival. Food is a lifestyle. Food is art. For these foodies, let us consider, what is the best food. In this author's humble opinion, pizza is the best food. And here's why. First, it's universality. While hailing from Italy, or so they say, pizza is enjoyed across the globe. Second, it's very accessible, on a couple of fronts. If you want just a snack, you can have just one slice of pizza. If you need to feed a family, you can order a whole pizza pie. If you need to feed a large group - pizza can be ordered and received in large quantities. Then, there are the varieties of pizza. There are many different types of crust to suit your preferences. There are many different types of sauces, cheeses, and toppings that can put on pizza. Nearly an limitless combination of pizzas to suit all palettes. But the best reason is simply the depth of flavor in each and every bite. There is a delicious amount of complexity in every bite: a crunch, warm, maybe a little spice, a little sweet from the tomato sauce and of course added complexities from whichever toppings you choose. Don't let anyone tell you otherwise , pizza is the best food.",creative_writing What kind of fungi are Ochrolechiaceae,,The Ochrolechiaceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Pertusariales.,open_qa "Classify each of the following a muscle in the arm or leg: quadricep, bicep, tricep, forearm, calf",,"Quadricep: Leg Bicep: Arm Tricep: Arm Forearm: Arm Calf: Leg",classification Are large language models actually smart like humans?,,"Large language models (LLMs) can give the appearance that they are very human like in our interactions with them. This is because they can respond to our answers the way a human would respond. Large language models under the hood are very good at pattern recognition. They are training on vasts amounts of data from the internet and have billions of machine learning parameters that can be tuned. These models can even be customized or trained on a set of data that is industry specific to be able to provide industry specific answers to industry specific questions. They work by taking the user prompt and converting it into a pattern, and then it looks across all the different patterns the LLM has been trained on and when it finds a match it returns it to the end user. It is important to note that large language models at this moment are not humans, do not exhibit human behavior, and are incapable of feeling human emotion and making decisions based on this.",open_qa Pick the best starting five from all players in NBA history,,"Comparing players from different time periods is challenging due to the vastly different styles of play and differences in the rules. However, no NBA all time team would be complete without Michael Jordan. The rest of my lineup would include Stephen Curry, Lebron James, Tim Duncan, and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar.",brainstorming "Classify the following devices as ""electronic"" or ""not electronic"": iPhone, shovel, Samsung Galaxy, calculator, ladder, paper",,"iPhone: Electronic Shovel: Not Electronic Samsung Galaxy: Electronic Calculator: Electronic Ladder: Not Electronic Paper: Not Electronic",classification Which rock band from the 2000s is the most influential?,,"The most influential rock band from the 2000s is The Strokes. They are often credited with spearheading a revival of rock. They have influenced and inspired extremely popular bands such as The Arctic Monkeys, The Killers, and Franz Ferdinand.",open_qa Name some famous poets and their poems.,,"Edgar Allen Poe Birthplace: Boston Famous poem: ”The Raven” Famous quote: ”I have great faith in fools — self-confidence my friends call it.” William Shakespeare Birthplace: Stratford-upon-Avon, England Famous poem: ”Sonnet XVIII” (Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?) Famous quote: ”All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players: they have their exits and their entrances; and one man in his time plays many parts. His acts being seven ages.” Maya Angelou Birthplace: St. Louis Famous poem: ”On the Pulse of Morning” Famous quote: ”I’ve learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.” Emily Dickinson Birthplace: Amherst, Massachusetts Famous poem: “‘Hope’ is the thing with feathers” Famous quote: “Hope is the thing with feathers that perches in the soul — and sings the tunes without the words — and never stops at all.” Shel Silverstein Birthplace: Chicago Famous poem: “Where the Sidewalk Ends” Famous quote: ”What I do is good. I wouldn’t let it out if I didn’t think it was.” Robert Frost Birthplace: San Francisco Famous poem: “The Road Not Taken” Famous quote: “The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promises to keep, and miles to go before I sleep.” Pablo Neruda Birthplace: Parral, Chile Famous poem: “I Do Not Love You Except Because I Love You” Famous quote: “To feel the love of people whom we love is a fire that feeds our life.” E. E. Cummings Birthplace: Cambridge, Massachusetts Famous poem: “i carry your heart with me” Famous quote: “It takes courage to grow up and become who you really are.” Langston Hughes Birthplace: Joplin, Missouri Famous poem: “I Too Sing America” Famous quote: “Hold fast to dreams for if dreams die, life is a broken winged bird that cannot fly.” Walt Whitman Birthplace: Long Island, New York Famous poem: “I Hear America Singing” Famous quote: “Either define the moment or the moment will define you.” Thomas Hardy Birthplace: Dorset, England Famous poem: “Hap” Famous quote: “The main object of religion is not to get a man into heaven, but to get heaven into him.” Rudyard Kipling Birthplace: Bombay Presidency, British India Famous poem: “Gunga Din” Famous quote: “We have forty million reasons for failure, but not a single excuse.” Oscar Wilde Birthplace: Dublin, Ireland Famous poem: “A Vision” Famous quote: “I have the simplest tastes. I am always satisfied with the best.” John Keats Birthplace: London Famous poem: “A Thing of Beauty (Endymion)” Famous quote: “A thing of beauty is a joy forever; its loveliness increases; it will never pass into nothingness.” Elizabeth Barrett Browning Birthplace: Durham, England Famous poem: “How Do I Love Thee?” Famous quote: “If you desire faith, then you have faith enough.” William Blake Birthplace: London Famous poem: “The Tyger” Famous quote: “The glory of Christianity is to conquer by forgiveness.” Sylvia Plath Birthplace: Boston Famous poem: “Daddy” Famous quote: “Everything in life is writable about if you have the outgoing guts to do it and the imagination to improvise.” Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Birthplace: Portland, Maine Famous poem: “The Song of Hiawatha” Famous quote: “Give what you have. To someone, it may be better than you dare to think.” William Wordsworth Birthplace: Cumberland, England Famous poem: “The Prelude” Famous quote: “Fill your paper with the breathings of your heart.” Mark Twain Birthplace: Florida, Missouri Famous poem: “Ode to Stephen Dowling Bots, Dec’d.” Famous quote: “Kindness is the language which the deaf can hear and the blind can see.” Ralph Waldo Emerson Birthplace: Boston Famous poem: “Uriel” Famous quote: “A hero is no braver than an ordinary man, but he is braver five minutes longer.” John Donne Birthplace: London Famous poem: “No Man Is An Island” Famous quote: “Any man’s death diminishes me, because I am involved in Mankind; And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.” W.B. Yeats Birthplace: County Dublin, Ireland Famous poem: “The Second Coming” Famous quote: “Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.” Lord Byron Birthplace: London Famous poem: “She Walks in Beauty” Famous quote: “There is no instinct like that of the heart.” Lewis Carroll Birthplace: Cheshire, England Famous poem: “Jabberwocky” Famous quote: “It is one of the great secrets of life that those things which are most worth doing, we do for others.” Alfred, Lord Tennyson Birthplace: Lincolnshire, England Famous poem: “The Charge of the Light Brigade” Famous quote: “‘Tis better to have loved and lost Than never to have loved at all.” Dante Alighieri Birthplace: Florence, Italy Famous poem: “Divine Comedy” Famous quote: “Consider your origin; you were not born to live like brutes, but to follow virtue and knowledge.” T.S. Eliot Birthplace: St. Louis Famous poem: “The Waste Land” Famous quote: “Friendship should be more than biting time can sever.” Ezra Pound Birthplace: Hailey, Idaho Famous poem: “Hugh Selwyn Mauberley” Famous quote: “With one day’s reading a man may have the key in his hands.” John Milton Birthplace: London Famous poem: “Paradise Lost” Famous quote: “A good book is the precious lifeblood of a master spirit.” Sappho Birthplace: Lesbos, Greece Famous poem: “Sappho 31” Famous quote: “What is beautiful is good, and who is good will soon be beautiful.” Homer Birthplace: Smyrna (present-day Greece) Famous poem: “The Iliad” Famous quote: “Evil deeds do not prosper; the slow man catches up with the swift.” Li Bai Birthplace: Tang Empire (present-day Kyrgyzstan) Famous poem: “Quiet Night Thought” Famous quote: “We sit together, the mountain and me, until only the mountain remains.” Jalal al-Din Rumi Birthplace: Khorasan (present-day Afghanistan) Famous poem: “Masnavi-ye Ma’navi (Spiritual Verses)” Famous quote: “Raise your words, not voice. It is rain that grows flowers, not thunder.”",open_qa "Classify each of the following objects as either heavy or lightweight: bubble, aircraft, bear, mouse, bus, raisin, strawberry, popcorn, elephant, piano, plastic cup, train, butterfly, whale, refrigerator, feather, pencil, ship, tree, flower.",,"Heavy weight objects include: aircraft, bear, bus, elephant, piano, refrigerator, ship, tree, train, whale. Lightweight objects include: bubble, butterfly, feather, flower, mouse, pencil, plastic cup, popcorn, raisin, strawberry.",classification Is PM Modi is honest,,"As far we see, PM modi Does not yet involved with any of such incident, So we can say he is honest.",brainstorming Give me 10 different ideas for how to spend a rainy Saturday afternoon,,"- Go to a movie - Play a video game - Read a book - Shop at an indoor mall - Host a lunch party - Exercise at the gym - Clean the house - Meditate - Call an old friend - Catch up on work",brainstorming Think up some openings for beginners to the game of Chess,,"Chess openings are the most important part of the game, there are some advanced ones, some common ones, and some easy ones. This is a list of openings for beginners to the game: - The King's Pawn Opening: This is a very common opening, you move your king's pawn 2 spaces forward, so does the opponent. This is followed by developing your knights. - The Fianchetto defense. You move your kingside knight's pawn forward 1 space, then you develop the kingside knight. You then put your kingside bishop in the square that the pawn used to be in, followed by castling. This opening is common among lower ranked players. - Four Knights Game: This doesn’t happen too much. Both sides start by developing their knights, the pawns take it over from there. - The French Defense: You move your king's pawn 1 space forward, followed by developing all of your kingside pieces, and finishing by castling.",brainstorming Think up some openings for beginners to the game of Chess,,"Chess openings are the most important part of the game, there are some advanced ones, some common ones, and some easy ones. This is a list of openings for beginners to the game: - The King's Pawn Opening: This is a very common opening, you move your king's pawn 2 spaces forward, so does the opponent. This is followed by developing your knights. - The Fianchetto defense. You move your kingside knight's pawn forward 1 space, then you develop the kingside knight. You then put your kingside bishop in the square that the pawn used to be in, followed by castling. This opening is common among lower ranked players. - Four Knights Game: This doesn’t happen too much. Both sides start by developing their knights, the pawns take it over from there. - The French Defense: You move your king's pawn 1 space forward, followed by developing all of your kingside pieces, and finishing by castling.",creative_writing "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Celesta, Masenqo",,"Masenqo is string, Celesta is percussion.",classification What are a list of items I should have on my grocery shopping list every week,,"Plant-based milk, oatmeal, strawberries, blueberries, bananas, avocado, pineapple, kale, tofu, chickpeas, rice, sweet potatoes, bread, onion, lemons, bell peppers, mushrooms, pretzels, carrots, limes, garlic, spinach, crackers, hummus, grapes, tomatoes, salsa, tempeh, cabbage, rosemary, basil, cucumber",brainstorming where do you stay ?,,"As I am an artificial intelligence language model, I suppose i stay in the software part of the internet and i do exist as a program. However, i would like to stay in your heart and answer all your heart desired queries :)",open_qa Was Thanos right ?,,"In the 2018 sci-fi movie Avengers : Infinity war , the main protagonist “Thanos”, was obsessed with the idea of resource management . In a flash back to his story, he revealed that his planet suffered from overpopulation and hence lacked the necessary resources to maintain that society. The society and planet had subsequently ceased to exist. Thanos then believed that only by population control can you better manage the resources. He set about to exterminate ½ the population of the galaxy. Thanos did succeed and as the 2019 blockbuster Avengers : Endgame and subsequent TV shows suggested , there were some positive environmental benefits to a reduced population. The issue is , and without stating the obvious that genocide is wrong , is that even with a reduced population, that rate that which humans would repopulate the world in the next one hundred years, as a consequence of such staggering loss, would be exponentially faster than the last hundred years. Thereby defeating Thanos, plan for resource management. Instead Thanos should have explored technology for maximizing the longevity of those resources or looked at more sustainable solutions.",brainstorming How fast can an ostrich run?,,An ostrich can run up to 56 mph (90 km/h). It is the fastest land animal after the cheetah.,open_qa What are the words of House Footly?,,"""Tread Lightly Here""",open_qa "Classify the following as an animal or plant. Polar bear, Oak Tree, Venus Flytrap, Shire Horse, Aloe vera, Golden retriever",,"The following are animals: Polar bear Shire horse Golden retriever The following are plants: Oak Tree Venus Flytrap Aloe Vera",classification Who is the founder of the Communist Party?,,Lenin,open_qa "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Hulk, Spectre",,"Spectre is DC, Hulk is Marvel",classification Write a list of items that are “must buys” at Costco,,"1. Toilet Paper 2. Paper Towels 3 TV’s 4. Jewelry 5. Water Bottles 6. Any Meat Product 7. Avocados 8. Alcohol 9. Giant Shampoo & Conditioner 10. Clothes",brainstorming Who is the top baseball player based on offensive categories that are not in the major league baseball hall of fame with no chance of getting in while alive.,,"While there is an exhaustive amount of ways one could approach this answer, there is arguable only one player in all of the major offensive categories that is not in the hall of fame. That player is Pete Rose. Players like Barry Bonds and Albert Pujols may have better overall statistics in the power categories of baseball, but they still have an outside chance to get into the hall of fame, whereas Pete Rose has been banned for life by major league baseball and does not have any current pathway into the hall of fame. Speculation is that this will change posthumously, but the executives of major league baseball will not consider any change to this status while he is alive.",brainstorming Write a bullet point list of at least 7 crops that are grown in California,,"- Artichokes - Almonds - Plums - Cherries - Garlic - Apples - Pears",brainstorming "Tell me what I should do in London, England.",,"If you're visiting London, it may feel daunting attempting to take advantage of everything this cosmopolitan city has to offer. But that's part of its magic — there's something for everyone! A few ideas: Enjoy the food. I highly recommend wandering through the vendor stands at Borough Market in Southwark — it's only open for lunch and you should bring cash because most vendors don't take cards! If you're looking for a high-end restaurant, try Chiltern Firehouse in Marylebone. Another popular option is Dishoom: it's an upscale Indian restaurant with multiple locations and worth the hype. And for lighter fare, indulge in the English custom of afternoon tea! You could try Sketch in Mayfair or The Savoy in Covent Garden for completely different experiences — Sketch is definitely a millennial’s take on tea and it’s very trendy, whereas The Savoy is more traditional. Grab a drink. You might think of dark pubs when you think of London, but it is also home to some of the best cocktail bars in the world. For a unique experience, find a ""public bathroom bar"" or a speakeasy like Keystone Crescent Members Club. Shoreditch has plenty of options for the imbibers, like Ace Hotel Rooftop and Old St Records. Then there's Duke's Bar in Mayfair, which is a famous spot for a martini since Ian Fleming used to hang out there when he was writing James Bond novels. Visit a museum. The Tate Modern offers free entry and an excellent view of the city. It's on the south side of the Thames, and you can wander from there to the Shakespeare Globe. The National Portrait Gallery will keep you entertained, even though it really is home to all portraits, but you can learn a lot about British history by reading through the biographies of public figures featured. I also recommend seeing which artist's work the Hayward Gallery at the Southbank Centre is exhibiting, since it's an excellent space. The Tower of London is a classic for visitors: the castle is a World Heritage Site and where you need to go if you want to admire the Crown Jewels. See a show. If you live or often see Broadway shows in New York, this might be less exciting to you, but London shows are relatively easy to secure tickets for, and a great activity if you're interested in experiencing even more British culture. Shop. Don't miss the famous Harrod's, the iconic department store with a iconic food floor. Liberty is another well-known London department store. Less expensive, and known for their stationary. And if department stores aren't your thing, pop into local boutiques!",brainstorming "Which of these US states either border the ocean or are land-locked: Colorado, Alaska, Wisconsin, Hawaii, Washington, Oregon, Indiana, Maine, Nebraska, Florida and California.",,"These US States have an ocean border: Alaska, Florida, Washington, Oregon, Maine, California, and Hawaii. These US States are landlocked: Nebraska, Colorado, Indiana, and Wisconsin.",classification "Classify each of the following as either a vegetarian option or not: chicken fried rice, green beans, strawberry banana smoothie, oatmeal, steak, scrambled eggs",,"The vegetarian options are green beans, strawberry banana smoothie, oatmeal, and scrambled eggs. The non-vegetarian options are chicken fried rice and steak.",classification "If you are about to be admitted to the hospital overnight, categorize each of the following as either useful or not useful: a phone charger, a camping tent, reading glasses, a cruise ship, 10 bags of lumpy cement, a favorite blanket, and headphones, and a grand piano.",,"When you are staying overnight in the hospital, it would be useful to have a phone charger, reading glasses, a favorite blanket and headphones. It would not be useful to have a camping tent, cruise ship, 10 bags of lumpy cement or a grand piano.",classification "What are some things to do in Rochester, NY?",,"- Eat a Garbage Plate, a local specialty - Visit the Eastman House, the world's oldest museum dedicated to photography - Spend a day at the Museum of Play, a museum dedicated to exploration and play - See the Lamberton Conservatory, a botanical garden with walking trails - Watch a Red Wings game, Rochester's minor league baseball team",brainstorming "Classify each of the following bands as Classic Rock , or not: Led Zeppelin, Jimi Hendrix, Journey, Rolling Stones, Miley Cyrus, Taylor Swift, Aerosmith",,"Led Zeppelin - Classic Rock Jimi Hendrix - Classic Rock Journey - Classic Rock Rolling Stones - Classic Rock Miley Cyrus - Not Classic Rock Taylor Swift - Not Classic Rock Aerosmith - Classic Rock",classification What are some examples of movies that won best picture in the 1990s?,,"Some of the movies that won an Oscar for best picture in the 1990s include: Titanic, The English Patient, Forrest Gump, and Dances with Wolves.",open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Amargasaurus, Black Rhino",,"Black Rhino is alive, Amargasaurus is extinct.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ranat ek, Sasando",,"Sasando is string, Ranat ek is percussion.",classification Give me a bulleted list of the cutest animals,,"Beauty is on the eye of the beholder. Having said that, here is a list of animals considered “cute” on average: • Dogs • Cats • Bunnies • Birds • Pandas • Dolphins",open_qa "Classify each of the following as a penalty or scoring play in football: touchdown, holding, offsides, safety, field goal, false start",,"Touchdown: Scoring Play Holding: Penalty Offsides: Penalty Safety: Scoring Play Field Goal: Scoring Play False Start: Penalty",classification Give me a bulleted list of the 5 highest mountains in the world and their respective heights in meters,,"* Mount Everest. Height: 8,849 meters * K2. Height: 8,611 meters * Kangchenjunga. Height: 8,586 meters * Lhotse. Height: 8,516 meters * Makalu. Height: 8,485 meters",brainstorming What is the coldest place on Earth to live?,,The coldest place on Earth to live is Yakutsk in Siberia.,open_qa Give me a list of your favor pet and breeds,,My favor cat breed is Ragdoll. My favor Dog breed is Shiba Inu,brainstorming What is the most important thing for law enforcement in a kidnapping case?,,The chances of finding the kidnapped person alive greatly diminishes with each passing hour since the kidnapping. Law enforcement must act quickly to find the victim as fast as possible.,open_qa how much traffic actually is drawn to this page and how long to user spend reading and hovering over this paragraph? What regions around the world does this traffic stem from?,"The Salvation Army (TSA) is a Protestant Christian church and an international charitable organization headquartered in London, England that is aligned with the Wesleyan-Holiness movement. The organisation reports a worldwide membership of over 1.7 million, comprising soldiers, officers and adherents collectively known as Salvationists. Its founders sought to bring salvation to the poor, destitute, and hungry by meeting both their ""physical and spiritual needs"". It is present in 133 countries, running charity shops, operating shelters for the homeless and disaster relief, and humanitarian aid to developing countries. The theology of the Salvation Army is derived from Methodism, although it is distinctive in institution and practice. A distinctive characteristic of the Salvation Army is its use of titles derived from military ranks, such as ""lieutenant"" or ""major"". It does not celebrate the rites of Baptism and Holy Communion. However, the Army's doctrine is aligned with the Wesleyan–Arminian tradition, particularly the holiness movement. The Army's purposes are ""the advancement of the Christian religion... of education, the relief of poverty, and other charitable objects beneficial to society or the community of mankind as a whole"". The Army was founded in 1865 in London by one-time Methodist preacher William Booth and his wife Catherine as the East London Christian Mission, and can trace its origins to the Blind Beggar tavern. In 1878, Booth reorganised the mission, becoming its first General and introducing the military structure which has been retained as a matter of tradition. Its highest priority is its Christian principles. The current international leader of The Salvation Army and chief executive officer (CEO) is General Brian Peddle, who was elected by the High Council of The Salvation Army on 3 August 2018. In 2011, Charity Watch rated the Salvation Army an ""A−"" to an ""A"", indicating a high level of financial efficiency and organisational transparency. The Salvation Army has received an A-rating from the American Institute of Philanthropy. The Salvation Army is one of the world's largest providers of social aid,[citation needed] with expenditures including operating costs of $2.6 billion in 2004, helping more than 32 million people in the U.S. alone. In addition to community centres and disaster relief, the organisation does work in refugee camps, especially among displaced people in Africa. In the United Kingdom, the Salvation Army is no longer the largest nongovernmental provider of social services; however, it still provides a significant service to people in need. The Salvation Army is the fourth largest charity in the United States, with private donations in excess of $2 billion in 2022, and is a member of the American organisation Christian Churches Together.[10",again not sure : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Salvation_Army,information_extraction "Classify each of the following people as an actor or athlete: Adam Sandler, Harry Kane, Hugo Lloris, Mike Myers, Tyreek Hill, Ryan Gosling, Joel Embiid",,"Adam Sandler: Actor Harry Kane: Athlete Hugo Lloris: Athlete Mike Myers: Actor Tyreek Hill: Athlete Ryan Gosling: Actor Joel Embiid: Athlete",classification "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Falcon, Hawkman",,"Hawkman is DC, Falcon is Marvel",classification Describe 5 different uses for a stick that is 2 feet long and 1 inch in diameter.,,You can measure distances with it. You can use it to point at items. You can use it as a weapon. You can light it on fire to be a source of heat and light. You can use it to hold up the hood of your car.,brainstorming What is the 2008 Scottish Labour deputy leadership election?,What was the 2008 Scottish Labour Party deputy leadership election?,"The 2008 Scottish Labour Party deputy leadership election was an internal party election to choose a new deputy leader of the Labour Party in the Scottish Parliament, which caused the resignation of Cathy Jamieson. Johann Lamont won the election and was elected deputy leader on Saturday 13 September.",summarization "I have a large ball, what games can I play?",,"You can play basketball, soccer, netball or volleyball with a large ball.",brainstorming Give me a list of the five best selling consoles of all time with amount of units sold,,"- Playstation 2 - 155 million - Nintendo DS - 154.02 million - Nintendo Switch - 122.55 million - Game Boy - 118.69 million - Playstation 4 - 117.2 million",brainstorming "When was Campbell, CA founded?","n 1878, Campbell sold his land for $5 an acre to a railroad company. By 1887, the first subdivision was recorded west of the railroad, from Campbell Avenue to the spot where the Water Tower Plaza now stands. He and his wife Mary (née Rucker) Campbell (1834–1913) founded the city which was first known as Campbell's Place, but would later become the town of Campbell. In 1888, the Campbell School District was formed. The area became the center for shipping fruit grown in the surrounding area, and within a short time, the drying grounds and canneries made Campbell an important rail center. By 1892, the Campbell Fruit Growers' Union became a well-known cooperative with its 17-acre (69,000 m2) drying yard. J.C. Ainsley Packing Company, Hyde Cannery, and Payne Cannery were the main fruit packing companies. In 1895, The Bank of Campbell was founded and the first newspaper, the Campbell Weekly Visitor, began publication. Campbell was incorporated as a city in 1952. The city then grew rapidly as orchard lands disappeared, tract by tract. Today, Campbell is a suburban residential neighborhood in the southern part of the Santa Clara Valley.",Campbell was founded in 1952.,closed_qa How many Kangaroos are in Australia?,,There are twice as many kangaroos in Australia as there are people. The kangaroo population is estimated at about 40 million.,open_qa "Classify each team as a baseball, hockey, soccer, football, or basketball team: New York Yankees, Florida Panthers, Manchester United, Philadelphia 76ers, Milwaukee Bucks, Seattle Seahawks, Texas Rangers, Dallas Cowboys, Philadelphia Union",,"New York Yankees: Baseball Florida Panthers: Hockey Manchester United: Soccer Philadelphia 76ers: Basketball Milwaukee Bucks: Basketball Seattle Seahawks: Football Texas Rangers: Baseball Dallas Cowboys: Football Philadelphia Union: Soccer",classification What is the difference between Columbia and Colombia.,,Colombia is a country located in South America. Columbia can refer to a university or a clothing company. Columbia University is an Ivy League University in New York City. Columbia Sportsware is an American clothing company.,open_qa “Social Distancing” refers to keeping a safe distance of,,About 3 to 6 feet from others,open_qa "Classify these as positive or negative reviews: ""Interesting concept but execution left a lot to be desired"", ""Would have loved it but the main character was completely 1D"", ""One of the best horror books I've read in years"", ""Would see it again""",,"""Interesting concept but execution left a lot to be desired"": negative, ""Would have loved it but the main character was completely 1D"": negative, ""One of the best horror books I've read in years"": positive, ""Would see it again"": positive",classification What is the difference between soccer(football) and American football?,,"Soccer is played with a round ball that can be kicked and headed. American football, however, is more of a rugby type game in which the oblong shaped ball is thrown and passed as well as kicked.",open_qa Give me a list of things that could be found on a desk,,"Plants, Phone, Computer, Speakers, Cup holders, headphones, mouse, keyboard",brainstorming what is Modern Talking?,"Modern Talking was a German pop music duo consisting of arranger, songwriter and producer Dieter Bohlen and singer Thomas Anders. They have been referred to as Germany's most successful pop duo, and have had a number of hit singles, reaching the top five in many countries. Their most popular singles are ""You're My Heart, You're My Soul"", ""You Can Win If You Want"", ""Cheri, Cheri Lady"", ""Brother Louie"", ""Atlantis Is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)"" and ""Geronimo's Cadillac"". Modern Talking worked together from 1983 to 1987, then the band disbanded. In 1998, they reunited and made a successful comeback, recording and releasing music from 1998 to 2003. The duo released singles (many of which involved American rapper Eric Singleton) which again entered the top ten in Germany and abroad, one of which was the re-recorded version of ""You're My Heart, You're My Soul '98"". After the duo's second and final break-up in 2003, their global sales had reached 120 million singles and albums combined.","First formed in West Berlin in early 1983, they unexpectedly became popular in the beginning of 1985 with ""You're My Heart, You're My Soul"", with which they occupied top ten positions in 35 countries including their homeland where the single perched at the top for six consecutive weeks, the single eventually went on to sell eight million copies worldwide. The track was then followed by another number-one hit, ""You Can Win If You Want"", which was released in the middle of 1985 from the debut album The 1st Album. The album was certified platinum in Germany for selling over 500,000 units. Soon after their second hit, Modern Talking released the single ""Cheri, Cheri Lady"" which also quickly climbed to the top of the charts in West Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Norway, meanwhile entering the top ten in Sweden and the Netherlands. The single, being the only track released from their second album Let's Talk About Love, managed to push the album to a platinum status in West Germany for sales of over 500,000. The success continued with another two number one singles, ""Brother Louie"" and ""Atlantis Is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)"", both from the third album, Ready for Romance. The duo also charted high with their sixth single ""Geronimo's Cadillac"" from the fourth album In the Middle of Nowhere, and ""Jet Airliner"" from their fifth album Romantic Warriors. Due to their lackluster received sixth album, Bohlen announced the end of the project during an interview, while Anders was in Los Angeles. This sparked further animosities between the two, who had had a tumultuous and quarreling relationship even when they were together. According to Bohlen, the main reason for breaking up the group was Anders' then-wife Nora, who refused to have her husband interviewed by female reporters, and constantly demanded huge changes made to shows, videos or recordings, a fact that Anders later admitted in his biography. After a final phone call during which both men heavily insulted each other, they refused to speak with each other for over 10 years. During this era, Modern Talking were successful in Europe, Asia, South America, the Middle East and in Iran. In the United Kingdom, they entered the top five only once, with the song ""Brother Louie"". In 1985, RCA signed Modern Talking for a US deal and released their first album in the US, but they remained almost unknown in North America, never appearing on the US charts. They released two albums each year between 1985 and 1987, while also promoting their singles on television all over Europe, eventually selling sixty-five million records within three years. Notably, Modern Talking were one of the first Western bloc bands allowed to sell their records in the Soviet Union. After four decades of Cold War censorship and import restrictions, Mikhail Gorbachev's Glasnost reforms in 1986 opened the Soviet sphere to Western bands, including Modern Talking at the height of their popularity. As a result, they still maintain a large fanbase in Eastern Europe. Between 1987 and 1997 Immediately after the duo split in mid-1987, Bohlen formed his own project called Blue System and enjoyed several high chart positions, with tracks like ""Sorry Little Sarah"", ""My Bed Is Too Big"", ""Under My Skin"", ""Love Suite"", ""Laila"" and ""Déjà vu"". Meanwhile, Anders went solo, touring under the name of Modern Talking on several continents until the beginning of 1989, when he started to record some of his new pop-like material in LA and London, and also in his native country. Anders recorded five solo albums in English, Different, Whispers, Down on Sunset, When Will I See You Again and Souled, and one of his albums was also recorded in Spanish Barcos de Cristal. He was more successful in foreign countries than his own country, yet he also reached several hits in Germany. Despite all the quarrels and disagreements that Bohlen and Anders got into with each other in the past, they began staying in touch again after Anders moved back to Koblenz, Germany in 1994. 1998–2003: Reunion In the beginning of 1998, the duo reunited and had their first performance together in March on the German TV show Wetten, dass..?. They released a remixed version of their 1984 single ""You're My Heart, You're My Soul"", which features Eric Singleton on the rap vocals. Their first comeback album Back for Good, which included four new tracks, as well as all of the previous hits remixed with modern techniques, stayed at number one in Germany for five consecutive weeks and managed to top the charts in fifteen countries, eventually selling three million copies in Europe alone. The duo won the award for Best Selling German Band at the World Music Awards that year. The follow-up album Alone also went straight to number one in Germany and was very successful elsewhere; the album managed to sell over one million units in Europe alone. Bohlen and Anders followed the 1980s Modern Talking pattern as they chose to release two singles from each album, as in the past. A series of singles and four more albums followed such as Year of the Dragon, America, Victory and Universe. After reaching the point where they had already collected over 400 gold and platinum awards worldwide, Bohlen and Anders decided to disband again in 2003 just before the release of another best-of compilation. The second break-up seemed to have been triggered mainly from the negative portrayal of Anders by Bohlen written in his autobiography published on 4 October 2003. In the course of all the disputes which eventually drove the duo to its break-up, Bohlen was involved in Deutschland sucht den Superstar (DSDS), the German edition of the UK's Pop Idol. The compilation album was released in 2003 entitled The Final Album which contained all of the duo's singles. Thomas Anders started another solo career immediately after the end of Modern Talking, while Bohlen had by now begun devoting most of his time to new talents, especially those he discovered on DSDS.",summarization Which are the states in India with coastlines?,,"Most of the southern states in India are having coastlines that include Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andra Pradesh, and Telangana. Towards the east-west Bengal and Orissa have a long coastline and towards the west Maharashtra and Gujrat.",open_qa "Which of the following are bait for fishing and which are candy: live worms, gummy worms, lollipops, Hershey's kisses, crickets, and leeches.",,"The candies are gummy worms, lollipops, and Hershey’s kisses, and the fish bait is live worms, crickets, and leeches. It’s possible that some of the candies can be used as fish bait but non of items categorized as fish bait would be acceptable as candy.",classification List the people who voiced Yogi Bear in the 1980s.,"From the time of the character's debut until 1988, Yogi was voiced by voice actor Daws Butler. Butler died in 1988; his last performance as Yogi was in the television film Yogi and the Invasion of the Space Bears. In 1983, a Yogi Bear balloon made its first appearance in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, becoming the final balloon that year. That same year, he appeared on a float named A Hanna-Barbera Christmas alongside many other Hanna-Barbera characters, as they cleaned up the streets of Broadway. The performance was bookended with animated segments featuring Yogi and Boo-Boo, voiced by Mel Blanc and Butler, respectively. After Butler's death in 1988, Greg Burson stepped in to perform the role; Butler had taught Burson personally how to voice Yogi as well as his other characters. Worsening alcoholism and a legal incident led to Burson's firing in 2004 and eventually his death in 2008. Yogi's current voice actor is Jeff Bergman. Bergman and Billy West also performed the character throughout the 1990s and early to mid-2000s for various Cartoon Network and Boomerang commercials and bumpers.",Daws Butler voiced Yogi Bear until 1988. Greg Burson took over for the rest of the 1980s.,information_extraction "Classify each of the following as a desert or mountain range: Alps, Sahara, Rockies, Appalachian, Arabian, Gobi",,"Alps: Mountain Range Sahara: Desert Rockies: Mountain Range Appalachian: Mountain Range Arabian: Desert Gobi: Desert",classification Which festival takes place next to Walibi Holland every year in august?,,The next Walibi Holland festival is in August.,open_qa "Classify the cities based on whether they are located in South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands or Dominican Republic. Santiago, Santo Domingo Este, Santo Domingo, Grytviken",,"South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands - Grytviken Dominican Republic - Santo Domingo, Santiago, Santo Domingo Este",classification Who wrote the book that the TV show Shantaram is based on?,"Some types of oysters are commonly consumed (cooked or raw), and in some locales are regarded as a delicacy. Some types of pearl oysters are harvested for the pearl produced within the mantle. Windowpane oysters are harvested for their translucent shells, which are used to make various kinds of decorative objects.",Gregory David Roberts wrote the novel Shantaram.,closed_qa What is the loudest animal on Earth?,,The sperm whale.,open_qa "Give me a bulleted list of ingredients that I need to bake chewy chocolate chip cookies, and include volume measurements for any ingredient I have to measure out.",,"- 340 grams chocolate chips - 250 grams all-purpose flour - 210 grams packed brown sugar - 170 grams softened butter - 100 grams white sugar - 15 grams vanilla extract - 3 grams salt - 3 grams baking soda - 2 large eggs",brainstorming Where did Christopher Columbus sail his ship when he discovered America?,,San Salvador,open_qa Name the top four benefits and drawbacks of playing Factorio.,,"Factorio is a highly acclaimed factory automation video game. The top four benefits of playing Factorio are: 1. Develop logistical management skills 2. Connect with friends from around the world 3. The variety of mods keeps the game always fresh 4. Massive time commitment distracts you from committing crime The four top drawbacks of Factorio are: 1. The rest of your game library goes unplayed 2. You are distracted from your non-game relationships 3. The open-ended nature lacks a definitive goal 4. Massive save files clutter your hard drive",brainstorming Who were the ministers of the cabinet of Tatarascu's government?,"Ministers The ministers of the cabinet were as follows: President of the Council of Ministers: Gheorghe Tătărăscu (11 May - 3 July 1940) Minister of the Interior: Mihail Ghelmegeanu (11 May - 3 July 1940) Minister of Foreign Affairs: Grigore Gafencu (11 May - 1 June 1940) Ion Gigurtu (1 - 28 June 1940) Constantin Argetoianu (28 June - 3 July 1940) Minister of Finance: Mitiță Constantinescu (11 May - 3 July 1940) Minister of Justice: Aurelian Bentoiu (11 May - 3 July 1940) Minister of National Defence: Gen. Ioan Ilcuș (11 May - 3 July 1940) Minister of Air and Marine: (interim) Gen. Ioan Ilcuș (11 May - 3 July 1940) Minister of Materiel: Victor Slăvescu (11 May - 3 July 1940) Minister of National Economy: Mircea Cancicov (11 May - 3 July 1940) Minister of Agriculture and Property Gheorghe Ionescu-Sisești (11 May - 3 July 1940) Minister of Public Works and Communications: Ion Gigurtu (11 May - 1 June 1940) Ion Macovei (1 June - 3 July 1940) Minister of Foreign Trade: Ion Christu (11 May - 28 June 1940) (interim) Mircea Cancicov (28 June - 3 July 1940) Minister of National Education: Petre Andrei (11 May - 3 July 1940) Minister of Religious Affairs and the Arts: Ștefan Ciobanu (11 May - 28 June 1940) Constantin C. Giurescu (28 June - 3 July 1940) Minister of Labour: Mihail Ralea (11 May - 3 July 1940) Minister of Health and Social Security Nicolae Hortolomei (11 May - 3 July 1940) Minister of Public Wealth: Traian Pop (11 May - 3 July 1940) Minister of Propaganda: Constantin C. Giurescu (11 May - 28 June 1940) Teofil Sidorovici (28 June - 3 July 1940) Minister of State for Minorities: Silviu Dragomir (11 May - 3 July 1940) Minister Secretary of State of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers: Radu Portocală (11 May - 28 June 1940) Minister Secretary of State: Ernest Urdăreanu (11 May - 28 June 1940) Alexandru Vaida-Voevod (28 June - 3 July 1940) Ion Inculeț (28 June - 3 July 1940) Ion Nistor (28 June - 3 July 1940) References","The cabinet members were Gheorghe Tătărăscu, Mihail Ghelmegeanu, Grigore Gafencu, Ion Gigurtu, Constantin Argetoianu, Mitiță Constantinescu, Aurelian Bentoiu, Gen. Ioan Ilcus, Victor Slăvescu, Mircea Cancicov, Gheorghe Ionescu-Sisești, Ion Gigurtu, Ion Macovei, Ion Christu, Mircea Cancicov, Petre Andrei, Ștefan Ciobanu, Constantin C. Giurescu, Mihail Ralea, Nicolae Hortolomei, Traian Pop, Constantin C. Giurescu, Teofil Sidorovici, Silviu Dragomir, Radu Portocală, Ernest Urdăreanu, Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, Ion Inculeț, and Ion Nistor.",information_extraction "Tell me whether these are cities in India: Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Sydney, New Delhi, Kolkota",,"Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, New Delhi, Kolkota",classification What is the difference between interface and abstract class in Java?,,"Abstract classes can have methods with implementation whereas interface provides absolute abstraction and can't have any method implementations. Note that from Java 8 onwards, it's possible to create default and static methods in interface that contain the method implementations.",open_qa Tell me all the different ways I could eat an orange.,,You could slice it in circles. You could cut it into cubes and add it to a fruit salad. You could juice it. You could rip it apart with your hands and eat with your teeth while showering. You could peel it first and eat segment by segment.,brainstorming Write a short story (under 250 words) about meditation. The narrator should be uncomfortable.,,"Our guide asks us to close our eyes and softly leads us through a meditation: we’re in a meadow, leaning against an old tree. The trunk supports us as we become one with the earth, anchoring ourselves in place, feeling at peace. She gives us a mantra: “I am…” and we fill in the blank and silently repeat the statement in our minds. “I am human,” I think to myself as I visualize myself becoming one with the tree, growing roots and hardening, knowing I will eventually be chopped down along with the other trees that must have once been in this lonely meadow. When our guide softly brings us back to reality she encourages us to share our “I am” mantras and I panic as the other participants declare: “I am brave.” “I am enough.” “I am still.” I don’t repeat my mantra. I don’t want to explain why I needed to feel human, how I saw myself transforming into not only the tree, but then a sprite, a creature of the forest. “I am okay,” I whisper. My declaration is met with universal head nodding. I feel guilty about changing my mantra for a moment, but reassure myself of my statement’s authenticity: I’m no longer a tree, I’m in a studio with several other people, attempting to let go of my social anxieties, and I am okay.",creative_writing How many variants of the PrintNightmare existed?,"PrintNightmare was a critical security vulnerability affecting the Microsoft Windows operating system. The vulnerability occurred within the print spooler service. There were two variants, one permitting remote code execution (CVE-2021-34527), and the other leading to privilege escalation (CVE-2021-1675). A third vulnerability (CVE-2021-34481) was announced July 15, 2021, and upgraded to remote code execution by Microsoft in August. On July 6, 2021, Microsoft started releasing out-of-band (unscheduled) patches attempting to address the vulnerability. Due to its severity, Microsoft released patches for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2012, despite being out of their mainstream support period. The patches resulted in some printers ceasing to function. Researchers have noted that the vulnerability has not been fully addressed by the patches. After the patch is applied, only administrators account on Windows print server, will be able to install printer drivers, as part of the vulnerability related to the ability of non-administrators to install printer drivers on the system, such as shared printers on system without sharing password protection. The organization which discovered the vulnerability, Sangfor, published a proof of concept in a public GitHub repository. Apparently published in error, or as a result of a miscommunication between the researchers and Microsoft, the proof of concept was deleted shortly after. However, several copies have since appeared online.","There are two variants of the PrintNightmare, one permitting remote code execution and the other one leading to privilege escalation.",summarization Is the economy doing well right now?,,The economy is doing surprisingly well right now considering the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB). We are in a slight recession but we are inching our way out of it. Other banks are not collapsing and people's confidence in the stock market and economy is getting better with time. Other sentiments that can affect the emotion of how people view the economy can be tied to how they view the current presidential administration or what their political affiliations are.,open_qa "What are five totally distinct, creative ways to describe the usefulness of the government?",,"1. The government is a necessary evil, providing necessary services and protections for its citizens. 2. The government is a necessary check, preventing abuse of power and ensuring a fair and just society. 3. The government is a source of stability, ensuring that no one is left behind. 4. The government is a powerful tool, providing the tools and resources to enable progress. 5. The government is a force for good, promoting fairness, justice, and equality.",brainstorming "What is ""Breaking Bad""?","Breaking Bad is an American neo-Western crime drama television series created and produced by Vince Gilligan for AMC. Set and filmed in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the series follows Walter White (Bryan Cranston), an underpaid, overqualified, and dispirited high-school chemistry teacher who is struggling with a recent diagnosis of stage-three lung cancer. White turns to a life of crime and partners with a former student, Jesse Pinkman (Aaron Paul), to produce and distribute methamphetamine to secure his family's financial future before he dies, while navigating the dangers of the criminal underworld. Breaking Bad premiered on AMC on January 20, 2008, and concluded on September 29, 2013, after five seasons consisting of 62 episodes.","Breaking Bad is an American neo-Western crime drama television series created and produced by Vince Gilligan for AMC. Set and filmed in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the series follows Walter White (Bryan Cranston), an underpaid, overqualified, and dispirited high-school chemistry teacher who is struggling with a recent diagnosis of stage-three lung cancer. White turns to a life of crime and partners with a former student, Jesse Pinkman (Aaron Paul), to produce and distribute methamphetamine to secure his family's financial future before he dies, while navigating the dangers of the criminal underworld. Breaking Bad premiered on AMC on January 20, 2008, and concluded on September 29, 2013, after five seasons consisting of 62 episodes. Among the show's co-stars are Anna Gunn and RJ Mitte as Walter's wife Skyler and son Walter Jr., and Betsy Brandt and Dean Norris as Skyler's sister Marie Schrader and her husband Hank, a DEA agent. Others include Bob Odenkirk as Walter's and Jesse's lawyer Saul Goodman, Jonathan Banks as private investigator and fixer Mike Ehrmantraut, and Giancarlo Esposito as drug kingpin Gus Fring. The final season introduces Jesse Plemons as the criminally ambitious Todd Alquist, and Laura Fraser as Lydia Rodarte-Quayle, a cunning business executive secretly managing Walter's global meth sales for her company. Breaking Bad's first season received generally positive reviews, while the rest of its run received unanimous critical acclaim, with praise for the performances, direction, cinematography, screenplay, story, and character development. Since its conclusion, the show has been lauded by critics as one of the greatest television series of all time. It had fair viewership in its first three seasons, but the fourth and fifth seasons saw a moderate rise in viewership when it was made available on Netflix just before the fourth season premiere. Viewership increased more drastically upon the premiere of the second half of the fifth season in 2013. By the time that the series finale aired, it was among the most-watched cable shows on American television. The show received numerous awards, including 16 Primetime Emmy Awards, eight Satellite Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, two Peabody Awards, two Critics' Choice Awards, and four Television Critics Association Awards. Cranston won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series four times, while Aaron Paul won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series three times; Anna Gunn won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series twice. In 2013, Breaking Bad entered the Guinness World Records as the most critically acclaimed TV show of all time. The series gave rise to the larger Breaking Bad franchise. Better Call Saul, a prequel series featuring Odenkirk, Banks, and Esposito reprising their Breaking Bad roles, as well as many others in guest and recurring appearances, debuted on AMC on February 8, 2015, and concluded on August 15, 2022. A sequel film, El Camino: A Breaking Bad Movie, starring Paul was released on Netflix and in theaters on October 11, 2019.",information_extraction Give me a list of some of the best ski areas spread across the North America. Organize the list by the mountain region they belong to. Give a very short synopsis if desired about why that resort was selected.,,"Any list of top Ski resorts is one that will be very contested among skiers, but here are a few that stand out: Pacific Northwest: Whistler Blackcomb - One of the largest ski resorts in the world, peak to peak gondola, and a vibrant base area village Mount Baker - Large amount of snow, one of the few remaining locally owned resorts Crystal Mountain - The largest ski area in Washington state, impressive views of Mt Rainier Mt Bachelor - Ski lift to the summit and can ski circumnavigate the base of the mountain Canadian Rockies: Revelstoke - Highest vertical lift in Canada Red Mountain - Remote and short lift lines US Rockies: Alta - Famous Skiers only mountain with expansive bowls Park City - Large open terrain with a vibrant village Crested Butte - Some of the steepest most challenging terrain in the world Big Sky - Peak gondola to access some of the most challenging terrain in the US Jackson Hole - Some of the best and most abundant powder and home of famous Corbetts Couloir Sierra range: Tahoe/Palisades: Large resort with expansive views of Lake Tahoe East Coast: Stowe Mountain - One of the oldest ski resorts in the US, home of the 10th mountain division Burke Mountain - Home of the US Ski Race team In total, there are 826 ski resorts in North America - all are loved for different reasons and have passionate groups of skiers and snowboarders that consider them home, and might argue why their mountain is the best mountain.",brainstorming What is the difference between stress and strain?,,"Stress is calculated as the pressure applied per unit area. So stress is essentially the force applied to an object divided by the cross sectional area of where the force is being applied to. Strain is calculated as the change in parameter value (length, height or angle) as it experiences stress. It is unitless. So strain is essentially the deformation that occurs due to the stress that is applied. Young's Modulus is a mechanical property that is computed by dividing stress over strain. It is typically expressed in GPa (giga Pascals)",open_qa "Categorize each of the following as a golf term or soccer term: slice, nutmeg, goal, stroke, putt, drive, tackle, striker.",,"Golf: slice, stroke, putt, drive Soccer: nutmeg, goal, tackle, striker",classification "which is the odd one out? Spoon, Pen, Knife, Fork",,Pen is the odd one out. The rest are silverware we use for eating,classification Provide a bulleted overview of the components of GDP by expenditure,"Components of Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure Here is a description of each GDP component: C (consumption) is normally the largest GDP component in the economy, consisting of private expenditures in the economy (household final consumption expenditure). These personal expenditures fall under one of the following categories: durable goods, nondurable goods, and services. Examples include food, rent, jewelry, gasoline, and medical expenses, but not the purchase of new housing. I (investment) includes, for instance, business investment in equipment, but does not include exchanges of existing assets. Examples include construction of a new mine, purchase of software, or purchase of machinery and equipment for a factory. Spending by households (not government) on new houses is also included in investment. In contrast to its colloquial meaning, ""investment"" in GDP does not mean purchases of financial products. Buying financial products is classed as 'saving', as opposed to investment. This avoids double-counting: if one buys shares in a company, and the company uses the money received to buy plant, equipment, etc., the amount will be counted toward GDP when the company spends the money on those things; to also count it when one gives it to the company would be to count two times an amount that only corresponds to one group of products. Buying bonds or companies' equity shares is a swapping of deeds, a transfer of claims on future production, not directly an expenditure on products; buying an existing building will involve a positive investment by the buyer and a negative investment by the seller, netting to zero overall investment. G (government spending) is the sum of government expenditures on final goods and services. It includes salaries of public servants, purchases of weapons for the military and any investment expenditure by a government. It does not include any transfer payments, such as social security or unemployment benefits. Analyses outside the USA will often treat government investment as part of investment rather than government spending. X (exports) represents gross exports. GDP captures the amount a country produces, including goods and services produced for other nations' consumption, therefore exports are added. M (imports) represents gross imports. Imports are subtracted since imported goods will be included in the terms G, I, or C, and must be deducted to avoid counting foreign supply as domestic. Note that C, I, and G are expenditures on final goods and services; expenditures on intermediate goods and services do not count. (Intermediate goods and services are those used by businesses to produce other goods and services within the accounting year.) So for example if a car manufacturer buys auto parts, assembles the car and sells it, only the final car sold is counted towards the GDP. Meanwhile, if a person buys replacement auto parts to install them on their car, those are counted towards the GDP. According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, which is responsible for calculating the national accounts in the United States, ""In general, the source data for the expenditures components are considered more reliable than those for the income components [see income method, above]."" Encyclopedia Britannica records an alternate way of measuring exports minus imports: notating it as the single variable NX.[23","The following are the five components of GDP by expenditure: - Consumption: Private expenditures in the economy - Investment: Includes business investments, but not exchanges of assets - Government Spending: Sum of government spend on goods and services - Exports: Gross exports - Imports: Gross imports",summarization "Tell me whether these songs are performed by Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds or by Radiohead: Karma Police, The Good Son, The Mercy Seat, Creep, Planet Telex, Deanna, Pyramid Song, Airbag, Tupelo, Into My Arms, The National Anthem, Morning Bell, Lament, Idioteque, Red Right Hand, Straight To You",,"The following songs are performed by Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds: The Good Son, The Mercy Seat, Deanna, Tupelo, Into My Arms, Lament, Red Right Hand, Straight To You The following songs are performed by Radiohead: Karma Police, Creep, Planet Telex, Pyramid Song, Airbag, The National Anthem, Morning Bell, Idioteque,",classification "Classify these foods as either ""italian"", ""french"", ""mexican"" or ""other"". Crepes Suzette, Parmigiana di melanzane, La paella de marisco, Tahchin, Tacos al pastor, Soupe à l'oignon, Enchiladas, Pappardelle al ragù.",,"italian: Parmigiana di melanzane, Pappardelle al ragù french: Crepes Suzette, Soupe à l'oignon mexican: Tacos al pastor, Enchiladas other: La paella de marisco, Tahchin",classification "Classify the following as either red wines or white wines: Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot, Syrah, Shiraz",,"Red wines: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Shiraz White wines: Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon Blanc",classification "Classify the below natural satellites based on the planet. Titan, Europa, Moon, Ganymede",,"Moon - Earth Europa, Ganymede - Jupiter Titan - Saturn",classification What is a Hummum,,Turkish bath,open_qa "When teaching children about when to do things, which would you say are things people do in the morning, and which are not? Wake up, fall asleep, drink coffee, put on pyjamas, turn off the lights, have breakfast.",,"Things that people tend to do in the morning are to wake up, drink coffee and have breakfast. Fall asleep, put on pyjamas and turn off the lights are not things that people typically do in the morning.",classification What is a good soccer club in Lake Washington area in the USA?,,"Crossfire is a good soccer club with Rec, Select and Premier levels",open_qa "Give me a title of one of the ""Harry Potter"" novels.",,Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone,open_qa Can you tell me three apex predators?,,"Apex predators are the main predators where they live, basically they are predators that are not hunted by other animals. Here are three cool apex predators: 1. Orca: the killer whale is the apex predator of the oceans. They hunt in packs and are able to even hunt great white sharks! 2. Tiger: the tiger is the apex predators of the habitats where they live. They are the largest feline and are able to hunt very large preys alone 3. Komodo dragon: the Komodo dragon is the largest lizard and is the apex predator in their habitat. They live in some Indonesian Islands where the absence of crocodiles make them the apex predators.",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Calung, Maguhu",,"Maguhu is string, Calung is percussion.",classification What causes a spinning top to stop?,,"Friction. If using a frictionless environment, a top could spin indefinitely",open_qa Can you give me 6 popular types of pets?,,"Dogs, Cats, Fish, Birds, Chickens and Horses",brainstorming Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description},"The Stravinsky Fountain was part of a sculptural program, launched by the City of Paris in 1978, to build seven contemporary fountains with sculpture in different squares of the city. This project also included new fountains at the Hotel de Ville and within the gardens of the Palais Royal. They were to be the first public fountains built in Paris since the fountains of the Palais de Chaillot were built for the Paris Exposition of 1937. It was also a major project by the City of Paris to redevelop the area around the old city markets, Les Halles, which had been torn down in 1971, and to re-animate the area with pedestrian streets, squares, and works of art.","• 1978 - the launch of the sculptural program that included the construction of seven contemporary fountains in Paris • 1937 - fountains of the Palais de Chaillot were built • 1971 - the date that Les Halles was torn down",information_extraction Give me a list of amazing noise cancelling headphones in 2023,,"1. Sony WH-1000XM5 - Amazing for great music and also for taking office video calls 2. Apple AirPods Max - Ideal for apple fanatics 3. Sennheiser Momentum 4 Wireless - Great brand and product 4. Sony WH-1000XM4 - yes previous version are equally good and much more affordable on your pocket. 5. Bowers & Wilkins PX7 S2 6. Bose QuietComfort 45 - State of the art noise cancellation 7. Anker SoundCore Space Q45 - Great price and quality.",brainstorming "Given this information about the players championship tournament, what were the weather conditions on March 20th 1977?","The 1977 Tournament Players Championship was a golf tournament in Florida on the PGA Tour, held March 17–20 at Sawgrass Country Club in Ponte Vedra Beach, southeast of Jacksonville. The fourth Tournament Players Championship, it was the first of five consecutive at Sawgrass, which had agreed a multi-year with the PGA Tour in 1976. Mark Hayes was the champion in windy conditions at 289 (+1), two strokes ahead of runner-up Mike McCullough. McCullough and Tom Watson were the co-leaders after the third round, with Hayes a stroke back. Defending champion Jack Nicklaus finished four strokes back, in a tie for fifth place. Bob Menne set the tour's 72-hole record for fewest putts with 99, but tied for 47th at 303 (+15). The record had been 102 putts, by Bert Yancey in 1966 at his victory in the final Portland Open Invitational.",It was windy,closed_qa How many bowl games have the University of Georgia football team won?,"The Georgia Bulldogs football program represents the University of Georgia in the sport of American football. The Bulldogs compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They play their home games at historic Sanford Stadium on the university's Athens, Georgia, campus. Georgia claims four consensus national championships (1942, 1980, 2021, and 2022); while the AP and Coaches Polls have each voted the Bulldogs the national champion three times (1980, 2021, and 2022). Georgia has also been named the National Champion by at least one polling authority in four other seasons (1920, 1927, 1946 and 1968). The Bulldogs' other accomplishments include 16 conference championships, of which 14 are SEC championships, second-most in conference history, and appearances in 61 bowl games, second-most all-time.","The University of Georgia football team is defined by greatness. Known as the Georgia Bulldogs (Dawgs) and compete in the Division 1 Southeastern Conference (SEC). They play in the historic Sanford Stadium in Athens, Georgia and have appeared in 61 bowl games, second-most all time. In 2022 and 2023 the Georgia Bulldogs won 2 consecutive National Championships.",summarization Does Palmeiras have a Fifa club world cup?,,"Despite many claims that Palmeiras won a club world cup in 1951, the official list of the Fifa World Club winners starts in the year 2000 with Corinthians being the first champion of the tournament and Palmeiras doesn't have won any Fifa World Cup tournament since.",brainstorming "Classify these dishes into the cuisines that they belong to. Panipuri, Risotto, Butter Chicken, Lasagna, Naan, Ravioli, Jalebi",,"Indian - Panipuri, Butter Chicken, Naan, Jalebi Italian - Risotto, Lasagna, Ravioli",classification Name three different cuts of steak from a cow.,,"Three different cuts of steak from a cow are ribeye, sirloin, and filet.",open_qa "Classify each of the following as either characters from books by Anne Rice or Stephanie Meyer: Lestat de Lioncourt, Memnoch, Lasher, Armand, Yvette, Bella Swan, Edward Cullen, Jacob Black, Melanie Stryder, The Seeker",,"Characters from Anne Rice books: Lestat de Lioncourt, Memnoch, Lasher, Armand, Yvette Characters from Stephanie Meyer books: Bella Swan, Edward Cullen, Jacob Black, Melanie Stryder, The Seeker",classification "Which of these are movies that Adam Sandler starred in and which ones did David Spade star in? Tommy Boy, Black Sheep, 8 Heads in a Duffel Bag, Coneheads, The Emperor's New Groove, Joe Dirt, Click, Jack and Jill, Hustle, Uncut Gems, The Wedding Singer, Little Nicky",,"Adam Sandler: Click, Jack and Jill, Hustle, Uncut Gems, The Wedding Singer, Little Nicky David Spade: Tommy Boy, Black Sheep, 8 Heads in a Duffel Bag, Coneheads, The Emperor's New Groove, Joe Dirt Both actors appeared in Jack and Jill and Coneheads.",classification "Classify the following animals as mammal or not: whale, kangaroo, mouse, snake, fish, human, koala",,"whale - mammal kangaroo - mammal mouse - mammal snake - not mammal fish - not mammal human - mammal koala - mammal",classification What is retail banking?,,"Retail banking, also known as consumer banking or personal banking, is the provision of services by a bank to the general public, rather than to companies, corporations or other banks, which are often described as wholesale banking. Banking services which are regarded as retail include provision of savings and transactional accounts, mortgages, personal loans, debit cards, and credit cards. Retail banking is also distinguished from investment banking or commercial banking. It may also refer to a division or department of a bank which deals with individual customers. In the U.S., the term commercial bank is used for a normal bank to distinguish it from an investment bank. After the Great Depression, the Glass–Steagall Act restricted normal banks to banking activities, and investment banks to capital market activities. That distinction was repealed in the 1990s. Commercial bank can also refer to a bank or a division of a bank that deals mostly with deposits and loans from corporations or large businesses, as opposed to individual members of the public (retail banking).",open_qa Which seventh season episode of Game of Thrones did Alan Taylor direct?,,"Alan Taylor directed ""Beyond the Wall""",open_qa "Tell me whether each of these dishes are served cold or hot: pizza, pasta, tiramisu, ice cream, ribs, steak, ceviche",,"Pizza: Hot Pasta: Hot Tiramisu: Cold Ice Cream: Cold Ribs: Hot Steak: Hot Ceviche: Cold",classification "Classify each of the following as being related to Google or Microsoft: Xbox, Waymo, Surface Pro, Youtube, Bing, Chrome",,"Xbox: Microsoft Waymo: Google Surface Pro: Microsoft Youtube: Google Bing: Microsoft Chrome: Google",classification "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Hallucigenia, Fin Whale",,"Fin Whale is alive, Hallucigenia is extinct.",classification "Classify these foods as vegan, vegetarian or neither: frittata, yogurt, apple, lard, chicken noodle soup, tofu, flour, cheesecake",,"frittata: vegetarian, yogurt: vegetarian, apple: vegan, lard: neither, chicken noodle soup: neither, tofu: vegan, flour: vegan, cheesecake: vegetarian",classification What did Jamaican-American author Nicola Yoon major in college for her undergraduate degree?,,Electrical engineering at Cornell University,classification How do you treat a dog diarrhea,,You can treat a dog diarrhea by letting the dog skip one meal and give ground turkey and rice plus one packet of probiotics to the dog. You can add some veggie if you see improvement.,open_qa What are five words that rhyme with light?,,"Here are five words that rhyme with light: knight, fight, kite, right and trite.",open_qa "Segregate the below numbers as palindrome or not. 1001, 202, 11, 65, 76, 36, 88, 999, 12345",,"Palindrome - 1001, 202, 11, 88, 999 Not a palindrome - 65, 76, 36, 12345",classification What is Share capital in finance?,,Share capital is the money invested directly in a company by its members (shareholders).,open_qa Who was given EY Entrepreneur of the year award 2020 ?,,Kiran Mazumdar Shaw,open_qa What are the best things to do when visiting Los Angeles?,,"Some popular tourist attractions in Los Angeles are: - Eating out in K-Town - Visiting the Huntington Library - Riding rollercoasters at Universal Studios - Finding your favorite celebrities at the Hollywood Walk of Fame - Getting a cool selfie in front of the Hollywood sign",brainstorming What is the best mirrorless camera in the world,,Sony A1,brainstorming What is the best way to put a toddler to sleep at night?,,"Putting a toddler to sleep can be one of the most difficult things. The best way is to make sure that the toddler is very active during the day and is tired enough to fall asleep naturally. The toddler should get enough sunlight. Avoid or minimize exposure to digital screens such as television, tablet, and smartphones. Create a daily bedtime routine. For example, you can start the routine by feeding a bottle of milk, reading a story from a picture book, singing a lullaby, and shushing. For some babies and toddlers white noise helps to fall asleep.",creative_writing Please provide a bulleted list of the movies Tessa Thompson performed in from this passage.,"Tessa Thompson is an American actress of film and television. Thompson gained favorable notices for her early film performances in the comedy-drama Dear White People, Selma (both in 2014). She gained mainstream attention for her roles in franchise films playing Bianca Taylor in the sport dramas Creed (2015) and Creed II (2018), and for her starring role as Valkyrie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films Thor: Ragnarok (2017), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and Thor: Love and Thunder (2022), as well as her leading role in the science fiction franchise film Men in Black: International (2019). She also has received critical praise for her roles in independent films such as Sorry to Bother You (2018), Little Woods (2018), Annihilation (2018), the romantic drama Sylvie's Love (2020), and the period film Passing (2021), the latter of which earned her a British Academy Film Award nomination.","Tessa Thompson performed in the following films: Dear White People Selma Creed Creed II Thor: Ragnarok Avengers: Endgame Thor: Love and Thunder Men In Black: International Sorry To Bother You Little Woods Annihilation Sylvie’s Love Passing",summarization In what year were the first Air Jordan sneakers released?,,1984.,open_qa Give me a list of 5 cool starter projects a student new to computer programming could have fun making.,,"Here are some great starter projects for those learning to code: 1. Conway's Game of Life 2. Rock Paper Scissors 3. Connect 4 4. Choose Your Own Adventure style text-based game 5. Blackjack Simulator",brainstorming Air Lingus is the national airline of which country,,Republic of Ireland or Eire,open_qa What is a flat earther and is it possible for the world to be flat?,,"A flat earther is someone who believes the world is flat. They also believe that there is scientific evidence to support this claim. They do not believe the earth is round, even when we have satellite images of the earth to prove that it is. Basic laws of physics can also disprove that the earth is flat. The physics community should respond to these individuals to prevent the propagation of false information.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Pandero jarocho, Sallaneh",,"Sallaneh is string, Pandero jarocho is percussion.",classification What are the options to get from South Shields to North Shields by public transport and which is the quickest option,,"There are 3 options to get from South Shields to North Shields. 1) Take the Shields Ferry from South Shields to North Fields, 2) take the Metro Yellow Line from South Shields to Jarrow and at Jarrow transfer to the number 10 bus to North Shields, 3) take the Metro Yellow Line from South Shields towards St James via Whitley Bay, getting off at the North Shields stop. The quickest option is the Shields Ferry, which takes approximately 35 minutes",open_qa Write a story about a budding romance between two people. Talk about their going on an adventure together where they sneak into a fancy garden in Washington DC and get into just the right amount of trouble.,,"Natalie and I woke up the morning after a fun night out. I was in DC that week for a work trip, and had extended my stay the weekend before and after, so we could spend time together. We'd only met a month prior, and after more than four weeks of long-distance text message exchanges, it was exciting to finally be together in person. Our first date had been the weekend before, when we'd gone to a Jimmy Buffett concert. It was a magical night. It was now 10am on the Saturday after the work week, and we were ready for another adventure. Natalie, being from DC, wanted to show me the Dumbarton Oaks Gardens, so off we went. Unfortunately, when we got there, the front gates were closed. Still feeling adventurous, we decided to walk around the property, convinced we'd find an unlocked gate, door, or other way to get in. Towards the back end of the property, while we didn't find an open gate, we did find one that was scale-able. And that's exactly what we did. We climbed over that fence, and welcomed ourselves to the beautiful gardens. It was early august, and so much was still in bloom. The gardens were empty, and we thought we had the whole place to ourselves. But, we soon found that that wasn't the case. While exploring a small cottage that also seemed to double as an art gallery, we noticed a small pool right next to it. We also noticed someone swimming in that pool. Presumably that person noticed us too, because a few minutes later a security guard came walking up to us while we were inspecting some fine smelling roses nearby. It was too late to run away, so instead we walked up to the security guard, and thanked him for finding us. As they escorted us out, we complimented them on the great state of the garden, though that didn't seem to calm him down much. He was far too frustrated with the situation. As they were about to lead us out through the front gate, we offered to pay for our admission. They rather sternly refused, and insisted we leave immediately, which we did. And that's how Natalie and I got our free tour of the gardens, and took one step closer to falling in love. Three years later, we were married.",creative_writing "Classify the movies into Thriller and Action genres. Aks, Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya, Vadh, Farz, Angaar: The Fire",,"Thriller: Aks, Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya, Vadh Action: Farz, Angaar: The Fire",classification Write a brief poem about cultures,,"I come from everywhere So many different places I come from nowhere But every country I embrace.",creative_writing History of the Arches National Park creation.,"Humans have occupied the region since the last ice age 10,000 years ago. Fremont people and Ancestral Puebloans lived in the area until about 700 years ago. Spanish missionaries encountered Ute and Paiute tribes in the area when they first came through in 1775, but the first European-Americans to attempt settlement in the area were the Mormon Elk Mountain Mission in 1855, who soon abandoned the area. Ranchers, farmers, and prospectors later settled Moab in the neighboring Riverine Valley in the late 1870s. Word of the beauty of the surrounding rock formations spread beyond the settlement as a possible tourist destination. The Arches area was first brought to the attention of the National Park Service by Frank A. Wadleigh, passenger traffic manager of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad. Wadleigh, accompanied by railroad photographer George L. Beam, visited the area in September 1923 at the invitation of Alexander Ringhoffer, a Hungarian-born prospector living in Salt Valley. Ringhoffer had written to the railroad to interest them in the tourist potential of a scenic area he had discovered the previous year with his two sons and a son-in-law, which he called the Devils Garden (known today as the Klondike Bluffs). Wadleigh was impressed by what Ringhoffer showed him, and suggested to Park Service director Stephen T. Mather that the area be made a national monument. The following year, additional support for the monument idea came from Laurence Gould, a University of Michigan graduate student (and future polar explorer) studying the geology of the nearby La Sal Mountains, who was shown the scenic area by local physician Dr. J. W. ""Doc"" Williams. A succession of government investigators examined the area, in part due to confusion as to the precise location. In the process, the name Devils Garden was transposed to an area on the opposite side of Salt Valley that includes Landscape Arch, the longest arch in the park. Ringhoffer's original discovery was omitted, while another area nearby, known locally as the Windows, was included. Designation of the area as a national monument was supported by the Park Service in 1926 but was resisted by President Calvin Coolidge's Interior Secretary, Hubert Work. Finally, in April 1929, shortly after his inauguration, President Herbert Hoover signed a presidential proclamation creating the Arches National Monument, consisting of two comparatively small, disconnected sections. The purpose of the reservation under the 1906 Antiquities Act was to protect the arches, spires, balanced rocks, and other sandstone formations for their scientific and educational value. The name Arches was suggested by Frank Pinkely, superintendent of the Park Service's southwestern national monuments, following a visit to the Windows section in 1925. In late 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a proclamation that enlarged the Arches to protect additional scenic features and permit the development of facilities to promote tourism. A small adjustment was made by President Dwight Eisenhower in 1960 to accommodate a new road alignment. In early 1969, just before leaving office, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed a proclamation substantially enlarging the Arches. Two years later, President Richard Nixon signed legislation enacted by Congress, which significantly reduced the total area enclosed, but changed its status. Arches National Park was formally dedicated in May 1972. In 1980, vandals attempted to use an abrasive kitchen cleanser to deface ancient petroglyphs in the park, prompting park officials to recruit physicist John F. Asmus, who specialized in using lasers to restore works of art, to use his technology to repair the damage. Asmus ""zapped the panel with intense light pulses and succeeded in removing most of the cleanser"". In 2016, there was another vandalism event on Frame Arch in the park, where a section if the rock was carved out. Due to advances in technology, in 2018 the arch was repaired through color match and modern infilling methods.","First Humans appeared in this region during the last ice age 10000 years ago. The first settlers began in 1775 but were abandoned before 1855 when ranchers, farmers, and prospectors settled in Moab(the closest city to the Arches). The first attention to these beautiful rock formations was broad in 1923 by Frank A. Wadleigh. Devils Garden(known as Klondike Bluffs today) got its name from a prospector from Salt Valley Alexander Ringhoffer, Devils Garden was transposed to an area on the opposite side of Salt Valley. Landscape Arch is the longest arch in the park and the fifth longest in the world! In 1929, President Herbert Hoover signed a presidential proclamation creating the Arches National Monument to protect the arches, spires, balanced rocks, and other sandstone formations for their scientific and educational value. The name Arches was suggested by Frank Pinkely, in 1925. From 1938 multiple presidents of the United States of America signed multiple proclamations to protest scenic features and permits for road constructions in order to attract tourists into the area but only in 1972 Arches National Park was officially created. In 1980, vandals tried to destroy ancient petroglyphs in the park, which physicist John F. Asmus restored using laser technology for restoration. In 2016, another vandalism event happened on Frame Arch a section of rocks was carved, but thanks to technology, it was restored.",information_extraction Who are some of the most influential innovators of all time?,,"Thomas Edison. Steve Jobs Nikola Tesla Bill Gates Benjamin Franklin Leonardo Da Vinci Alexander Graham Bell Sandford Fleming",brainstorming "Classify each job as a ""blue collar"" or ""white collar"" job: auditor, electrician, plumber, data scientist, financial analyst, construction worker",,"Auditor: White Collar Electrician: Blue Collar Plumber: Blue Collar Data Scientist: White Collar Financial Analyst: White Collar Construction Worker: Blue Collar",classification "What is longer, 5 pounds or 10 kilograms?",,"Unfortunately, I can't answer that question. Pounds and kilograms are both units of weight, not of length.",open_qa How are people from the Netherlands called (in English)?,,"People from the Netherlands are commonly referred to as ""Netherlanders"" in English.",open_qa Give me a list of the 8 best west coast oysters,,"- Kumamoto – Washington - Kusshi – British Colombia - Baynes Sound – British Colombia - Fanny Bay – British Colombia - Drakes Bay – California - Miyagis – British Colombia - Marin Coast – California - Hog Island – California",brainstorming Give me a summary of the Naked Brothers Band.,"The Naked Brothers Band is an American musical comedy television series created by Polly Draper, which aired on Nickelodeon from February 3, 2007, to June 13, 2009. It depicts the daily lives of Draper's sons, who lead a faux world-renowned children's rock band in New York City. As a mockumentary, the storyline is an embellished satire of their real lives, and the fictional presence of a camera is often acknowledged. The show stars Nat Wolff and Alex Wolff, the lead singer-songwriter and drummer, respectively. Nat's fictional female interest (Allie DiMeco) and real-life friends Thomas Batuello, David Levi, and Cooper Pillot, as well as Qaasim Middleton—who has no prior acquaintance with the family—are featured as the other band members, with Draper's jazz musician husband Michael Wolff as his sons' widowed accordion-playing dad and her niece Jesse Draper portraying the group's babysitter.",The Naked Brother Bands is a TV show about the lives of Draper's sons. The storyline is a satirical version of their real lives and was aired on Nickelodeon from 2007 to 2009.,summarization "Ram was asked to repeat after the speaker. Speaker: Red, Ram: Red. Speaker: Blue, Ram: Blue. Speaker: Green, Ram: Green. Speaker: What's your name? , Ram: Ram What went wrong here?",,"Haha, that's a nice one. While Ram was asked to repeat after the speaker, he ended up taking the speaker's last phrase as a question and tried answering it, which isn't what he was instructed to do. Ram should have repeated the last phrase, which would be as follows: Speaker: What's your name? , Ram: What's your name?",creative_writing "Tell me whether these are nouns or verbs: Run, Dance, Slide, Jump, Think, Book, Noah Webster, Cat, Omaha, Softness, Justice.",,"Run is a verb. Dance is a verb. Slide is a verb. Jump is a verb. Think is a verb. Book is a noun. Noah Webster is a noun. Cat is a noun. Omaha is a noun. Softness is a noun. Justice is a noun.",classification "Tell me whether each of these countries is an island or not: Iceland, New Zealand, Chad, Nepal, Cuba, Madagascar",,"Iceland: Island New Zealand: Island Chad: Not an Island Nepal: Not an Island Cuba: Island Madagascar: Island",classification "Given these paragraphs about the Tesla bot, what is its alias?","Optimus, also known as Tesla Bot, is a conceptual general-purpose robotic humanoid under development by Tesla, Inc. It was announced at the company's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Day event on August 19, 2021. CEO Elon Musk claimed during the event that Tesla would likely build a prototype by 2022. Musk is on record having said that he thinks Optimus ""has the potential to be more significant than the vehicle business over time."" Tesla Bot is planned to measure 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) tall and weigh 125 lb (57 kg). According to the presentation made during the first AI Day event, a Tesla Bot will be ""controlled by the same AI system Tesla is developing for the advanced driver-assistance system used in its cars"" and have a carrying capacity of 45 lb (20 kg). Proposed tasks for the product are ones that are ""dangerous, repetitive and boring"", such as providing manufacturing assistance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimus_(robot)",Optimus,closed_qa Give me a bulleted list of ways I can prank my friends on April fools day,,"The following are some ways to prank your friends on April fools day: 1. Send a fake ultrasound saying you're pregnant. 2. Convince your friends you need to move to their city for work. 3. Pour vodka in their water bottle. 4. Send a gift in a box for an expensive item with a card saying April fools inside. 5. Move their car to another spot overnight and tell them you don't know where it could be.",brainstorming "Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: Vauxhall, Tesla",,"Tesla is American, Vauxhall is British",classification Should superheroes be allowed to break the law?,,"In Ralph Waldo Emerson’s essay “The Conservative,” he claims that the law doesn’t affect heroes because they will do what is right no matter what. While the term hero is subjective, as not all people who break the laws are heroes, Emerson is correct to argue that to be truly just and great sometimes requires breaking the law. A common example of greatness is superheroes; their extraordinary physical abilities put to use to save the world from evil. However, their greatness sometimes conflicts with the law. For example, in Spiderman, Peter Parker choses to keep his identity a secret, to protect himself not only from paparatzi like J. Jonah Jameson (JK Simmons), but also from police. Though Spiderman is a hero at heart, he commits murder, puts people in harms way, and destroys buildings and public spaces. However, because he is a hero, he is able to “outshine” the law in order to continue to help and save the people of New York. Another example of sacraficial heroism is playing defensive soccer, only is this case the laws are the rules and breaking them is just a foul. A good defender knows that when their defense is outnumbered by the opposing attackers, their defense is out of position, or their goalie is out of position, you have to commit a foul. Though the foul gives the other team an opportunity to set up a potential scoring play, the sacrifice must be made in order for the defense to recollect and reorganize, allowing them to be better prepared for the attack. Though this form of heroism isn’t as grand as Spiderman, breaking the “laws” of the game is still very important and generally considered to be the smarter play. Though Emerson’s point is generally true, there are some faults, the most important one being that not everyone who breaks the law is considered to be a hero to everyone. Though this struggle can also be seen is Spiderman, a much better example is our former president, Donald Trump. Former President Trump has escaped paying taxes, began violent riots, and has even been impeached for using his position to attempt to take down a political rival (President Biden). In many Americans eyes, Donald Trump is not a hero but a villan who gained power by uniting his followers with rage, creating a cult of angry conservatives who follow his every order. However, to those who do support him, Trump is a hero who saved the USA from “crazy liberals” like Bernie Sanders and Hilary Clinton. There are hundreds of thousands of people who break the law who aren’t heroes, like Donald Trump. On the contrary, in some cases, sometimes being a hero requires breaking the law in order to achieve equality. On of the greatest examples of law-breaking heroes is Gandhi, the Indian nationalist whose goal was achieving India’s independence from the British. Gandhi, though he is considered to be one of the most respected role models for peace, was imprisoned 11 times for breaking British laws in India. He used his imprisonments to unite Indians to rise against the British government with non-violent protesting. Gandhi encouraged people to break the law in order to expose the horrible violence that the British inflicted on India. Gandhi was and is a hero to many and yet he broke the law hundreds of times. Being a true hero takes guts, compassion, and sacrifice, all of which support Emerson’s idea that true heroes don’t need to follow the law. Laws are created as a social contract, an idea which came from enlightenment philosophe Jean-Jaques Rousseau, who believed that the social contract bound our society together and kept people in check based on the morals and values of the community. The purpose of laws is to create equality for large amounts of people, an equality that stops people from doing whatever they want that could potentially disrupt society. However, humans are imperfect and because of that humans can create imperfect laws. One rule that Gandhi fought against was that Indians couldn’t make their own salt from the ocean, they had to purchase it from the British, who had plainly taken the salt from India, sent it back to England to be processed, and then shipped it back to India to make a profit. Gandhi argued why must Indians buy british salt when we can make our own Indian salt right here? This law was clearly ridiculous: why should Indians have to buy British salt? It is because of imperfect laws that heroes, like Gandhi, should break the law and make their own salt. Sometimes breaking the law allows Spiderman to save the city from the Green Goblin, or allows the defense to organize and defeat their oposing attackers, or allows Gandhi to free India from the violent control of the British Empire. Yes not all who break the law are good, but heroes who break the law outshine the law in order to create more good and improve the world we live in.",creative_writing Give me the list of Greek goddesses starting by 'B':,,"Here is the list of Greek goddesses starting by 'B': - Baubo - Benthesikyme - Bia - Borysthenis - Brimo - Brizo - Bronte",brainstorming What are the top 3 items that I need when traveling by plane.,,"When packing for this trip, you should pack: 1. An empty reusable water bottle to fill at the airport so you can stay hydrated. 2. A packable airplane travel pillow so that you can sleep comfortably on the flight. 3. A snack in case you get hungry.",brainstorming Please give me a short bulleted list of the theories that explain different aspects of the relationship between the work and family life made in this passage.,"Dominant theories of the relationship Several theories explain different aspects of the relationship between the work and family life. Boundary theory and border theory are the two fundamental theories that researchers have used to study these role conflicts. Other theories are built upon the foundations of these two theories. In the two decades since boundary theory and border theory were first proposed, the rise of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has drastically altered the work–life interface. Work can now be completed at any time and in any location, meaning that domains are more likely to be blended and boundaries barely exist. Seven dominant theories have been utilized to explain this relationship on the boundary-border spectrum; These theories are: structural functioning, segmentation, compensation, supplemental and reactive compensation, role enhancement, spillover, and work enrichment model. Structural functionalism The roots of this theory can be traced back to the early 20th century, when industrial revolution was separating economic work from the family home. The 19th century's technological advancements in machinery and manufacturing initiated the separation of work from family. However, it was not until the early 20th century that the first view of work–family theories started to take shape. Structural-functionalism as one of the dominant sociology theories of early 20th century was a natural candidate. The structural functionalism theory, which emerged following WWII, was largely influenced from the industrial revolution and the changes in the social role of men and women during this period. This theory implies that the life is concerned mainly with two separate spheres: productive life which happens in the workplace and affective life which is at home. Structural functionalism theory believes in the existence of radical separation between work (institution, workplace, or market) and families. According to this theory, these two (workplace and family) work best ""when men and women specialize their activities in separate spheres, women at home doing expressive work and men in the workplace performing instrumental tasks"" (Kingsbury & Scanzoni, 1993; as cited in MacDermid, 2005: 18). Greedy institutions It has been argued that the work–family conflicts, in particular role conflicts, can be interpreted in terms of Lewis A. Coser's concept of ""greedy institutions"". These institutions are called ""greedy"" in the sense that they make all-encompassing demands on the commitment and loyalty of individuals, and tend to discourage involvement in other social spheres. Institutions such as religious orders, sects, academia, top level sports, the military and senior management have been interpreted as greedy institutions. On the other hand, also the family has been interpreted as a greedy institution in consideration of the demands placed on a caretaker. When a person is involved in two greedy institutions—be it child care and university, or family and the military, or others—task and role conflicts arise. Segmentation Based on this theory work and family do not affect each other, since they are segmented and independent from each other. The literature also reports the usage of the terms compartmentalization, independence, separateness, disengagement, neutrality, and detachment to describe this theory. Compensation In 1979, Piotrkowski argued that according to this theory employees ""look to their homes as havens, look to their families as sources of satisfaction lacking in the occupational sphere."" What distinguishes compensation theory from the previous theories is that, in compensation theory, for the first time, the positive effect of work to family has been recognized. Supplemental and reactive compensation Supplemental and reactive compensation theories are two dichotomies of compensation theory which were developed during the late 1980s and the early 1990s. While compensation theory describes the behavior of employees in pursuing an alternative reward in the other sphere, supplemental and reactive compensation theories try to describe the reason behind the work–family compensation behavior of employees. Role enhancement theory According to this theory, the combination of certain roles has a positive, rather than a negative effect on well-being. This theory states that participation in one role is made better or easier by virtue of participation in the other role. Moreover, this theory acknowledges the negative effect of the work–family relationship, in which, only beyond a certain upper limit may overload and distress occur, however, the central focus of this perspective is mainly on the positive effects of work and family relationship, such as resource enhancement. Work enrichment model This theory is one of the recent models for explaining the relationship between work and family. According to this model, experience in one role (work or family) will enhance the quality of life in the other role. In other words, this model tries to explain the positive effects of the work–family relationship.","- Structural Functionalism: The theory of structural functionalism indicates that life is strictly separated between the workplace, where productive life occurs, and home or family life where affective life takes place. - Greedy Institutions: The theory of greedy institutions posits that institutions make sweeping demands on individuals, and discourage an individual's participation in other social areas or institutions, leading to conflict when competing demands arise. - Segmentation: The theory of segmentation argues that work and family life are fully segmented or severed from one another and therefore do not affect each other. -Compensation: The theory of compensation states that individuals find refuge from work and its deficiencies in their home lives and the satisfaction that comes from their families. -Supplemental and Reactive Compensation: Supplemental and reactive compensation are two theories that describe the ways in which individuals pursue alternative forms of life satisfaction while caught between the work and family social spheres. - Role enhancement: The theory of role enhancement posits that participation in one social sphere can enhance satisfaction and participation in the other--up to certain limits beyond which overload may occur. - Work Enrichment Model: The theory of work enrichment attempts to explain how experience in one role or social sphere can complement or increase satisfaction in another. In this way, the work enrichment model is similar to the theory of role enhancement.",summarization Give me a bulleted list of cricketers by highest number of international centuries scored,,"Sachin Tendulkar - 100 Virat Kohli - 75 Ricky Ponting - 71 Kumar Sangakkara - 63 Jacques Kallis - 62 Hashim Amla - 55 Mahela Jayawardene - 54 Brian Lara - 53 Rahul Dravid - 48 AB de Villiers - 47",brainstorming "Classify the following as being either being a type of shark or a type of bird: hammerhead, eagle, tiger, sawtooth, blacktip, oriole, osprey, falcon, great white.",,"Hammerhead, tiger, sawtooth, blacktip, and great white are types of sharks. Eagle, oriole, osprey, and falcon are types of birds.",classification Which Gene in the body is responsible for a persons height,,A variant called HMGA2 is responsible for persons height,open_qa Tell me three ways to get coconut from a coconut tree,,"Here are the three ways to get coconut from a coconut tree 1) Using a pole and saw: Attach a curved saw to end of a very long stick. Make sure the saw does not fall when you pull on the coconut.Stand away from the bottom of the tree at a safe distance and hook the saw on to the stem of the coconut and pull down. 2) Using foot strap to climb: Make a foot strap out of a cloth or a rope and climb on the coconut tree by gripping the tree with your hand and the knot on your legs. Make sure the loop around your feet is stretched tight against the tree. Once you reach the top of the tree, you can cut a coconut with a knife that you carried on your belt 3) Using a ladder to climb: This method is useful for shorter coconut trees. Keep the ladder slanting against the coconut tree on a stable ground. Make sure the ladder is stable while you climb. Climb up the ladder and once you can reach the coconut, cut it out with a knife.",brainstorming What is Ad valorem in finance?,,If a duty is ad valorem the duty varies with the price of the asset which is being transferred.,open_qa Based on the given text give the name of the people and a summary of how they contributed to the notion of infinite or multiple worlds.,"According to some, the idea of infinite worlds was first suggested by the pre-Socratic Greek philosopher Anaximander in the sixth century BCE. However, there is debate as to whether he believed in multiple worlds, and if he did, whether those worlds were co-existent or successive. The first to whom we can definitively attribute the concept of innumerable worlds are the Ancient Greek Atomists, beginning with Leucippus and Democritus in the 5th century BCE, followed by Epicurus (341-270 BCE) and Lucretius (1st century BCE). In the third century BCE, the philosopher Chrysippus suggested that the world eternally expired and regenerated, effectively suggesting the existence of multiple universes across time. The concept of multiple universes became more defined in the Middle Ages. The American philosopher and psychologist William James used the term ""multiverse"" in 1895, but in a different context. The concept first appeared in the modern scientific context in the course of the debate between Boltzmann and Zermelo in 1895. In Dublin in 1952, Erwin Schrödinger gave a lecture in which he jocularly warned his audience that what he was about to say might ""seem lunatic"". He said that when his equations seemed to describe several different histories, these were ""not alternatives, but all really happen simultaneously"". This sort of duality is called ""superposition"".","Here are the name of the people and a summary of how they contributed to the notion of infinite or multiple worlds: Anaximander (6th century BCE): The idea of infinite worlds was first suggested by him. Leucippus (5th century BCE), Democritus (5th century BCE), Epicurus (341-270 BCE) and Lucretius (1st century BCE): They believed in the concept of innumerable worlds. Chrysippus (3rd century BCE): He suggested the existence of multiple universes across time which means the world eternally expired and regenerated. William James (1895): He first used the term ""multiverse"". Boltzmann and Zermelo (1895): In a debate between them the multiverse concept first appeared in the modern scientific context. Erwin Schrödinger (1952): He first came up with the term ""superposition"" by referring to his equations that seemed to describe several different histories which were ""not alternatives, but all really happen simultaneously"".",summarization How long does it take our sun to orbit the center of our galaxy,,230 million years!,brainstorming Which of the following city has the highest historical monuments?,,Delhi,open_qa Which Italian tractor maker tried making cars in 1960s,,Ferruchio Lamborghini,open_qa What is the art of command,,It is the art of influencing human behavior in order to achieve the objective assigned by the superior.,open_qa When was the United States officially recognized as an independent nation?,,"The United Kingdom officially recognized the US as an independent nation on September 3, 1783.",open_qa Give me five different names I could use for my female cat,,"Lulu, Fluffy, Lady, Princess, Belle",brainstorming "Classify the numbers based on their divisibility by 2,3,7 4, 9, 20, 28, 35, 8",,"Divisible by 2: 4, 20, 8, 28 Divisible by 3: 21 Divisible by 7: 21, 28",classification What are the best movies I've ever seen?,,"Game Night, Goodwill Hunting, The Hangover, The Wolf of Wall Street, The Godfather, Goodfellas, Dances with Wolves, The Firm, The Game.",brainstorming "From the passage provided, extract the GSDP of Andhra Pradesh","Andhra Pradesh comprises three major regions namely Rayalaseema in the south-west, Coastal Andhra bordering the Bay of Bengal in the east and Uttarandhra at north-east. The state has 26 districts, 6 in Uttarandhra, 12 in Coastal Andhra and 8 in Rayalaseema. The state also borders a union territory, Yanam – a district of Puducherry, which lies to the south of Kakinada in the Godavari delta on the eastern side of the state. The economy of Andhra Pradesh is the 8th largest in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹8.84 trillion (US$110 billion) and has the country's 17th-highest GSDP per capita of ₹170,000 (US$2,100). Andhra Pradesh ranks 27th among Indian states in Human Development Index (HDI). It has a jurisdiction over almost 15,000 square kilometres (5,800 sq mi) of territorial waters.",GSDP of Andhra Pradesh is US$110 billion,information_extraction Name some rap albums that were released in 2022.,,"Some rap albums that were released in 2022 include: - The Forever Story by J.I.D. - Melt My Eyez See Your Future by Denzel Curry - King's Disease III by Nas - Her Loss by Drake - Mr. Morale and the Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar",open_qa "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Doctor Strange, Dr. Fate",,"Dr. Fate is DC, Doctor Strange is Marvel",classification "Write a short story about a young aboriginal man seeking guidance on his place in the world. Have him consult a wise elder, who will share wisdom and perspective.",,"The young man stood apart from the other young men and watched them tease the girls and play around in general. He sighed deeply. ""Why am I so shy?"", he asked himself: ""Why can't I join in the games like the others?"" The young man had asked himself these questions many times, and each time the answer was the same. He just didn't know. Was it that he felt that he was not worthy? Hardly. He was a kind and respectful person, and, he had to admit, a fine hunter. So what was wrong with him? He decided to speak to the Koradji, the wise man. Surely he would know. The Koradji was peering into his fire, deep in thought, when the young man approached, but somehow knew of his presence. ""You are troubled,"" he asked and continued to gaze into the fire. ""I seek vour wisdom, Uncle,"" he replied, his voice hardly more than a whisper. ""Wisdom comes at a price"" said the Koradji, without raising his head. ""But I have nothing to offer,"" the young man told him. ""I think you have,"" said the Koradji."" then added: ""But that can wait. Now sit and tell me what is troubling vou."" The young man sat opposite the old man and told him everything. When he had finished, the Koradji nodded his head thoughtfully, then gazed into the young man's eyes. ""Now listen carefully and heed my words,"" he said. Then he continued. ""This land is to you as it is to all living things. Therefore, we have the right to breathe its air, drink its water and nourish our bodies with its bounty. We have no need to stand apart from others because we have much to contribute, and how much we contribute is in accordance with our own measure."" There was a pause while he added wood to the fire. Then he continued. ""Now hear these words and keep them in your mind. No one has the right to tell another that they may not do these things, because each of us are children of Mother Earth. Of course,"" he added quickly, ""there will be those who stand above others, and those who are stronger, or of a different tribe, but it matters not, because we each have an equal right to our place in the sun, to live in accordance with our conscience."" He waved a mosquito from his arm and smiled. ""And, yes, even a mosquito"". There was a long silence after the Koradji had finished speaking, then the young man spoke finally. ""I have listened to your words Uncle, and they are very wise,"" he said, ""but how can I pay you?""",creative_writing What are the administrative divisions in Morocco ?,"Morocco is officially divided into 12 regions, which, in turn, are subdivided into 62 provinces and 13 prefectures.","Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima Oriental Fès-Meknès Rabat-Salé-Kénitra Béni Mellal-Khénifra Casablanca-Settat Marrakesh-Safi Drâa-Tafilalet Souss-Massa Guelmim-Oued Noun Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab",summarization "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Anzad, Alto flute",,"Alto flute is woodwind, Anzad is string.",classification What are five fun ideas for a first date?,,"1. Take a cooking class together 2. Tour a local landmark and eat lunch or dinner at local legendary restaurant 3. Go to a local dance club where the opening hour provides dance instruction (line dancing, samba, etc..) 4. Do something youthful: mini golf, go carts, with burgers and ice cream after 5. Spend an hour walking dogs at the local animal shelter followed by a nice lunch",brainstorming "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Shazam, Thor",,"Thor is Marvel, Shazam is DC",classification What is your political stance?,,"As an AI model, I don't have a personal political stance. I try to provide neutral answers to the best of my abilities based on patterns and relationships in the data I was trained on.",open_qa Was Michael Flavin wealthy at the time he wrote Benjamin Disraeli?,"Michael Flavin's Benjamin Disraeli: The Novel as a Political Discourse suggests that Venetia was largely a commercial endeavour for Disraeli, who was deep in debt at the time that he wrote it.","No, he was deep in debt at the time.",information_extraction Give me a list of the most interesting moons in our solar system,,"- Ganymede: Bigger than the planet Mercury, the largest moon in the solar system contains subsurface oceans that could be capable of supporting life. - Titan: The second largest moon in the solar system and the only celestial body other than Earth to have both a substantial atmosphere and bodies of surface water. - Io: This moon of Jupiter is so full of volcanos that it is the most geologically active and lowest water ratio object in the solar system. - Callisto: May be the oldest surface in the solar system. With a thin atmosphere and no geothermal activity its surface is defined by the many impact craters it has accumulated over time. - Europa: The smallest moon of Jupiter contains a subsurface layer of saltwater ocean that could also support life. It also has plumes of water that are several miles high. - Mimas: This moon of Saturn has a massive crater that makes it look like the Death Star from Star Wars.",brainstorming "I want to write a some new articles for my data blog, can you give me some snappy ideas?",,"Lakehouse vs Warehouse - Hype vs Reality ETL in the 2020s - What's in and what's out Is the Data Warehouse dead - modern analytics for the modern era Open data sharing - The whys, hows and gotchas",brainstorming "What are five totally distinct, creative ways to describe the usefulness of a broken stapler.",,"Even though it may be broken, a stapler may still retain its usefulness. Consider these alternative uses for a broken stapler: 1. Hammer - the solid metal frame is sturdy enough to pound a nail. 2. Paper weight - even if you can't use staples to hold your papers together, the stapler can keep them on your desk. 3. Weapon - Whip it back and forth as a flail or throw it to dent someone's skull. 4. Door stop - hold the door open by wedging it between the door and frame. 5. Compass - magnetize the frame and never get lost again!",brainstorming Ways to use Pencil other than writing,,"Use Pencil to play truth or Dare Use pencil as darts over a styrofoam target Use pencil as chopsticks Use pencil as a pointer Use pencil to block small holes",brainstorming What are three upper body exercises you can do without any weights?,,"1. A muscle up could be done. Assuming have the necessary upper body strength. 2. For better biceps you could do chin ups. 3. For strengthening the back, you could do pull ups",brainstorming Extract key reported metrics and their values along with the year the metric is reported from the given text in the format {Metric} - {Year} - {value} and show them as a list,"Indian Railways (IR) is a statutory body under the ownership of the Ministry of Railways, Government of India that operates India's national railway system. It manages the fourth largest national railway system in the world by size, with a total route length of 68,043 km (42,280 mi), running track length of 102,831 km (63,896 mi) and track length of 128,305 km (79,725 mi) as of 31 March 2022. 50,394 km (31,313 mi) of all the gauge routes are electrified with 25 kV 50 Hz AC electric traction as of 1 April 2022. In 2020, Indian Railways carried 808.6 crore (8.086 billion) passengers and in 2022, Railways transported 1418.1 million tonnes of freight. It runs 13,169 passenger trains daily, on both long-distance and suburban routes, covering 7,325 stations across India. Mail or Express trains, the most common types of trains, run at an average speed of 50.6 km/h (31.4 mph).","Passengers - 2020 - 808.6 crore Tonnes of Freight - 2022 - 1418.1 million tonnes Total Passenger Trains - 2022 - 13,169 Total Route Length - Year - 68,043 km Running Track Length - 2022 - 102,831 km Track Length - 2022 - 50,394 km Electrified Gauge Route - 2022 - 50,394 km Average Speed - - 31.4 mph",information_extraction How many teams are in the MLB National League,"Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization and the oldest major professional sports league in the world. MLB is composed of 30 teams, divided equally between the National League (NL) and the American League (AL), with 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada.","The National League (NL) consists of 15 teams aligned in three divisions. In the NL East are the Atlanta Braves, Miami Marlins, New York Mets, Philadelphia Phillies, and Washington (D.C.) Nationals. In the NL Central are the Chicago Cubs, Cincinnati Reds, Milwaukee Brewers, Pittsburgh Pirates, and St. Louis Cardinals.",closed_qa Name some famous basketball players from the 1960's and 1970's,,"Oscar Robertson, George Mikan, John Havlicek, Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain, and Bill Bradley are all examples of outstanding basketball players from the early days of the National Basketball Association.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about Sam Baker, what is the Outland Trophy?","Baker attended the University of Southern California, where he played for coach Pete Carroll's USC Trojans football team from 2003 to 2007. He was a first-team All-American as a redshirt sophomore in 2005. He was on the official 2006 watch list for the Lombardi Award and the Outland Trophy for the best lineman. In his collegiate career Baker blocked for Reggie Bush and Matt Leinart. He was named a first-team All-Pacific-10 Conference selection by the league's coaches in 2005 and 2006. He was a recognized as a consensus first-team All-American, having received first-team honors from the Football Writers Association of America, Sporting News and CBSSports.com. Going into his fourth year as a starter, Baker was on the Lombardi Award and Outland Trophy watch lists. He was ranked as one of the ""Top 20 Players Heading Into 2007"" by Sports Illustrated. Before his final season in 2007, Baker was already regarded by most NFL scouts as a certain top-five player in the 2008 NFL Draft.",The Outland Trophy is given to the best offensive lineman in college football.,closed_qa What are ten woodworking projects that I could complete in a weekend?,,"1. A wine box 2. A coat rack 3. A cutting board 4. A simple desk 5. A bottle stopper 6. A bowl 7. A small shelf 8. A picture frame 9. A serving tray 10. A garden bench",brainstorming "Which of the following countries are in Europe, and which are in the rest of the world: Nicaragua, Australia, Austria, New Zealand, Marocco, Spain, Greece, China, Chile?",,"Austria, Spain and Greece are in Europe. Nicaragua, Australia, New Zealand, Marocco, China and Chile are in the rest of the world.",classification Give me a list of films in which Walter Whitman appeared while he was under the age of 60.,"Walter K. Whitman (April 25, 1859 – March 27, 1928) was an American character actor of the stage and screen who was active during Hollywood's silent era. He is not to be confused with the influential poet of the same name. Whitman had a long career on the stage in cities like New York, Boston, and Chicago before he began appearing in Triangle films in the 1910s, at which point he was already an older man. He died on March 27, 1928, in Santa Monica, California. ""I was only a country lad, but I had seen so many real good shows at our local opera house that I made up my mind I would be an actor,"" he'd later tell reporters of his beginnings. He also recounted that in 1896, he leapt from the fifth floor of the Hotel Richelieu in Montreal when it caught on fire. Selected filmography Missing Daughters (1924) Long Live the King (1923) The Grub-Stake (1923) The Love Letter (1923) Wasted Lives (1923) Hearts Aflame (1923) A Question of Honor (1922) The Fire Bride (1922) The Girl from Rocky Point (1922) The New Disciple (1921) The Mysterious Rider (1921) His Nibs (1921) The Girl from God's Country (1921) The Three Musketeers (1921) The Home Stretch (1921) The Mark of Zorro (1920) Darling Mine (1920) Passion's Playground (1920) Dangerous Hours (1919) John Petticoats (1919) When Bearcat Went Dry (1919) Pretty Smooth (1919) Destiny (1919) The Cry of the Weak (1919) Whom the Gods Would Destroy (1919) The Heart of Humanity (1918) Desert Law (1918) Daughter Angele (1918) They're Off (1918) The Price of Applause (1918) False Ambition (1918) Everywoman's Husband (1918) His Enemy, the Law (1918) The Last Rebel (1918) Old Hartwell's Cub (1918) Captain of His Soul (1918) The Hopper (1918) Without Honor (1918) The Regenerates (1917) The Firefly of Tough Luck (1917) The Tar Heel Warrior (1917) Polly Ann (1917) Wee Lady Betty (1917) The Girl, Glory (1917) The Millionaire Vagrant (1917) The Desert Man (1917) Paddy O'Hara (1917) The Boss of the Lazy Y (1917) The Dark Road (1917) The Last of the Ingrams (1917) Princess of the Dark (1917) The Sin Ye Do (1916) The Criminal (1916) The Honorable Algy (1916) The Three Musketeers (1916) The Mating (1915)","Walter Whitman, an American actor in silent films, was born in 1859, so he was age 60 in 1919. Here is a list of the films he appeared in before 1919: The Heart of Humanity (1918) Desert Law (1918) Daughter Angele (1918) They're Off (1918) The Price of Applause (1918) False Ambition (1918) Everywoman's Husband (1918) His Enemy, the Law (1918) The Last Rebel (1918) Old Hartwell's Cub (1918) Captain of His Soul (1918) The Hopper (1918) Without Honor (1918) The Regenerates (1917) The Firefly of Tough Luck (1917) The Tar Heel Warrior (1917) Polly Ann (1917) Wee Lady Betty (1917) The Girl, Glory (1917) The Millionaire Vagrant (1917) The Desert Man (1917) Paddy O'Hara (1917) The Boss of the Lazy Y (1917) The Dark Road (1917) The Last of the Ingrams (1917) Princess of the Dark (1917) The Sin Ye Do (1916) The Criminal (1916) The Honorable Algy (1916) The Three Musketeers (1916) The Mating (1915)",information_extraction "Which of the following races do participants run in? A marathon, a triathlon, an aqua bike?",,A marathon and a triathlon,classification "Using the following text, extract the last 3 CEO's. Place them in a bullet list in order of current to least current.","Governors/Chief Executive Officers The following individuals have been appointed to serve as chief executive of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia, or precursor titles: Order Name Title Term start Term end Time in office 1 Sir Denison Miller KCMG Governor June 1912 June 1923 11 years, 29 days 2 James Kell June 1923 October 1926 3 years, 122 days 3 Sir Ernest Riddle October 1926 February 1938 11 years, 121 days 4 Sir Harry Sheehan CBE March 1938 March 1941 3 years, 0 days 5 Hugh Traill Armitage CMG July 1941 December 1948 7 years, 183 days 6 Dr H. C. Coombs January 1949 January 1960 11 years, 0 days 7 Ernest Richardson CBE Managing Director January 1960 March 1965 5 years, 89 days 8 Sir Bede Callaghan CBE May 1965 August 1976 11 years, 92 days 9 Sir Ronald Elliott August 1976 August 1981 5 years, 0 days 10 Vern Christie AO August 1981 March 1987 5 years, 212 days 11 Donald Sanders AO CB March 1987 December 1990 3 years, 275 days Chief Executive Officer January 1991 June 1992 1 year, 181 days 12 David Murray AO June 1992 September 2005 13 years, 92 days 13 Sir Ralph Norris KNZM September 2005 November 2011 6 years, 29 days 14 Ian Narev December 2011 April 2018 11 years, 119 days 15 Matt Comyn April 2018 incumbent 4 years, 355 days","* Matt Comyn - Current / Incumbent since April 2018 * Ian Narev - December 2011 to April 2018 * Sir Ralph Norris KNZM - September 2005 to November 2011 * David Murray AO - June 1992 to September 2005",information_extraction Write a story about getting stuck on a train,,"The subway suddenly stops. I groan in frustration. I have been waiting for months to go to this particular art exhibit that happens once a year and now I’m going to be late. I tap my foot out of impatience. Minutes pass by and the train becomes loud with angry passengers. I slip away to the emptier part of the train. I need to call my friends stating I will be late. I search for my phone in my bag but I could not find it. I think I forgot it at home. I look around to see if I could borrow anyone's phone. I walk up to the person in the seat across from me. “Excuse me is there any possible chance I could borrow your phone?” I question “There's no use calling anyone down here. There’s no signal,” She responds “Thank you anyway,” I say and walk back to my seat in defeat. I look out the window to see that the conductor's part of the subway is gone. I start to panic, my mind looking at all the worst possible scenarios. Did anyone else notice? I sit in silence for a few minutes not knowing what will happen next. “Where’s the conductor's car?” Someone yells out. The entire subway goes crazy. I continue to look out the window to block everyone out. I am lost in my daydreaming until I see a crack appear on the wall. I jump up. The crack begins to spread and spread. Water starts to pour out, suddenly I’m not the only one who noticed it anymore. Everyone is stunned. Clearly thinking of the same thing I’m thinking of. We are going to drown. I watch in fear as the water is spreading more quickly and it soon covers the subway floor. I managed to hop on a chair in time but others weren't as lucky as me. It begins to reach up to the chairs. The water seems to never stop pouring in. I then see another light, it’s firemen in a special train car. I am close to the exit door so I was one of the first ones evacuated.",creative_writing What is a Keystone?,,"A keystone is the top block of an arch. It is an essential part of an arch because it keeps other stones from falling. A keystone is shaped like a trapezoid, the widest part at the top, so it doesn't slide out of the arch. Humans have built remarkable buildings with heavy ceilings on arches supported by a keystone. Many architects and artisans have been known to sculpt family emblems, symbols and designs on keystones.",open_qa Give me a bulleted list of the Seven Wonders of Portugal and their construction dates:,,"In Portugal, you can find these 7 wonders: - Castle of Guimarães, 10th century - Castle of Óbidos, 1195 - Batalha Monastery, 1385 - Alcobaça Monastery, 1153 - Jerónimos Monastery, 1502 - Pena Palace, 1854 - Belém Tower, 1521",brainstorming Can cars have odd number of wheels?,,"Cars are vehicles that allow you to commute from one point to another. These are built by companies across the world and designed based on the companies choice, local context, historic reference. The car has three main parts: i) the engine that provides the thrust or power to the vehicle. ii) The body or the frame that provides the space to transport things and people. iii) The chasis which is the structural component that does the load bearing and has wheels which transfer the power of the engine into horizontal motion. Cars generally have four wheel but can sometime have odd numbered wheels as well. For example cars have a fifth wheel, the spare wheel, bolted to the body for differentiated look. It is not uncommon for cars to have a wheel stolen in which case they have three wheel. Few cooler car designs, modified cars, smaller cars can have three wheels as well but it is rare for a car to have zero or one wheel.",brainstorming "Classify which cat breeds into long-haired and short-haired breeds: Siamese, Maine Coon, Norwegian Forest Cat, Russian Blue, British Shorthair, Persian, Ragdoll, Himalayan, Burman",,"Long-haired: Maine Coon, Norwegian Forest Cat, Persian, Ragdoll, Himalayan Short-haired: Siamese, Burman, Russian Blue, British Shorthair",classification How many days is enough to vacation in Belgium?,,"Seven days are enough days to vacation in Belgium. Recommended areas to visit are Brussels, Bruges, Ghent, Leuven, and the oceanside.",brainstorming Can you write me a summary on this page then tell me who and how much traffic is drawn to this page from which regions around the world?,"The Salvation Army (TSA) is a Protestant Christian church and an international charitable organization headquartered in London, England that is aligned with the Wesleyan-Holiness movement. The organisation reports a worldwide membership of over 1.7 million, comprising soldiers, officers and adherents collectively known as Salvationists. Its founders sought to bring salvation to the poor, destitute, and hungry by meeting both their ""physical and spiritual needs"". It is present in 133 countries, running charity shops, operating shelters for the homeless and disaster relief, and humanitarian aid to developing countries. The theology of the Salvation Army is derived from Methodism, although it is distinctive in institution and practice. A distinctive characteristic of the Salvation Army is its use of titles derived from military ranks, such as ""lieutenant"" or ""major"". It does not celebrate the rites of Baptism and Holy Communion. However, the Army's doctrine is aligned with the Wesleyan–Arminian tradition, particularly the holiness movement. The Army's purposes are ""the advancement of the Christian religion... of education, the relief of poverty, and other charitable objects beneficial to society or the community of mankind as a whole"". The Army was founded in 1865 in London by one-time Methodist preacher William Booth and his wife Catherine as the East London Christian Mission, and can trace its origins to the Blind Beggar tavern. In 1878, Booth reorganised the mission, becoming its first General and introducing the military structure which has been retained as a matter of tradition. Its highest priority is its Christian principles. The current international leader of The Salvation Army and chief executive officer (CEO) is General Brian Peddle, who was elected by the High Council of The Salvation Army on 3 August 2018. In 2011, Charity Watch rated the Salvation Army an ""A−"" to an ""A"", indicating a high level of financial efficiency and organisational transparency. The Salvation Army has received an A-rating from the American Institute of Philanthropy. The Salvation Army is one of the world's largest providers of social aid,[citation needed] with expenditures including operating costs of $2.6 billion in 2004, helping more than 32 million people in the U.S. alone. In addition to community centres and disaster relief, the organisation does work in refugee camps, especially among displaced people in Africa. In the United Kingdom, the Salvation Army is no longer the largest nongovernmental provider of social services; however, it still provides a significant service to people in need. The Salvation Army is the fourth largest charity in the United States, with private donations in excess of $2 billion in 2022, and is a member of the American organisation Christian Churches Together.",I dont understand what long answer is but here is the link to the wilki page : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Salvation_Army,summarization Extract all the authors named in this paragraph on the controversies about Nobel laureate selections,"From 1901 to 1912, the committee, headed by the conservative Carl David af Wirsén, weighed the literary quality of a work against its contribution towards humanity's struggle 'toward the ideal'. Leo Tolstoy, Henrik Ibsen, Émile Zola, and Mark Twain were rejected in favour of authors little read today. The first prize in 1901, awarded to the French poet Sully Prudhomme, was heavily criticised. Many believed that the acclaimed Russian author Tolstoy should have been awarded the first Nobel prize in literature. The choice of philosopher Rudolf Eucken as Nobel laureate in 1908 is widely considered to be one of the worst mistakes in the history of the Nobel Prize in Literature. The main candidates for the prize that year were poet Algernon Swinburne and author Selma Lagerlöf, but the Academy were divided between the candidates and, as a compromise, Eucken, representative of the Academy's interpretation of Nobel's ""ideal direction"", was launched as an alternative candidate that could be agreed upon. The choice of Swedish writer Selma Lagerlöf as Nobel laureate in 1909 (for the ""lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterizes her writings"") followed fierce debate because of her writing style and subject matter, which broke literary decorums of the time. During World War I and its immediate aftermath, the committee adopted a policy of neutrality, favouring writers from non-combatant countries. The pacifistic author Romain Rolland was awarded the prize for 1915. Other years during the war Scandinavian writers were favoured, or the award was postponed. In 1931 the prize was awarded posthumously to the poet and former permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy Erik Axel Karlfeldt, who had died earlier that year. The prize was controversial not just because it was the first and only time the Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded posthumously, but because the Academy had previously awarded two other Swedish writers of the same literary era, Selma Lagerlöf in 1909 and Verner von Heidenstam in 1916. Internationally it was heavily criticised as few had heard of Karlfeldt. The Nobel Prize awarded to Pearl Buck in 1938 is one of the most criticised in the history of the prize. The Academy awarded Buck ""for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces"", referring to acclaimed and popular books published only a few years earlier. But her later work is generally not considered to be of the literary standard of a Nobel laureate. John Steinbeck received the 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature. The selection was heavily criticised, and described as ""one of the Academy's biggest mistakes"" in one Swedish newspaper. The New York Times asked why the Nobel committee gave the award to an author whose ""limited talent is, in his best books, watered down by tenth-rate philosophising"", adding, ""we think it interesting that the laurel was not awarded to a writer ... whose significance, influence and sheer body of work had already made a more profound impression on the literature of our age"". In 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, but he wrote declining it, stating that ""It is not the same thing if I sign Jean-Paul Sartre or if I sign Jean-Paul Sartre, Nobel Prize laureate. A writer must refuse to allow himself to be transformed into an institution, even if it takes place in the most honorable form."" Nevertheless he was awarded the prize. Soviet dissident writer Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, the 1970 prize laureate, did not attend the Nobel Prize ceremony in Stockholm for fear that the USSR would prevent his return afterwards (his works there were circulated in samizdat—clandestine form). After the Swedish government refused to honour Solzhenitsyn with a public award ceremony and lecture at its Moscow embassy, Solzhenitsyn refused the award altogether, commenting that the conditions set by the Swedes (who preferred a private ceremony) were ""an insult to the Nobel Prize itself."" Solzhenitsyn did not accept the award and prize money until 10 December 1974, after he was deported from the Soviet Union. Within the Swedish Academy, member Artur Lundkvist had argued that the Nobel Prize in Literature should not become a political prize and questioned the artistic value of Solzhenitsyn's work. In 1974, Graham Greene, Vladimir Nabokov, and Saul Bellow were believed to be likely candidates for the prize but the Academy decided on a joint award for Swedish authors Eyvind Johnson and Harry Martinson, both members of the Swedish Academy at the time, and unknown outside their home country. Bellow received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1976; neither Greene nor Nabokov was awarded it.","- Leo Tolstoy - Henrik Ibsen - Émile Zola - Mark Twain - Sully Prudhomme - Rudolf Eucken - Algernon Swinburne - Selma Lagerlöf - Romain Rolland - Erik Axel Karlfeldt - Verner von Heidenstam - Pearl Buck - John Steinbeck - Jean-Paul Sartre - Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn - Graham Greene - Vladimir Nabokov - Saul Bellow - Eyvind Johnson - Harry Martinson",information_extraction "Tell me whether these Pokémon are water or fire type: Squirtle, Charizard, Ninetales, Arcanine, Poliwhirl, Psyduck",,"Squirtle: Water Charizard: Fire Ninetales: Fire Arcanine: Fire Poliwhirl: Water Psyduck: Water",classification Provide a bulleted list of the territorial changes from the Treaty of Versailles,"The Treaty of Versailles Territorial Changes The treaty stripped Germany of 65,000 km2 (25,000 sq mi) of territory and 7 million people. It also required Germany to give up the gains made via the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and grant independence to the protectorates that had been established. In Western Europe, Germany was required to recognize Belgian sovereignty over Moresnet and cede control of the Eupen-Malmedy area. Within six months of the transfer, Belgium was required to conduct a plebiscite on whether the citizens of the region wanted to remain under Belgian sovereignty or return to German control, communicate the results to the League of Nations and abide by the League's decision.[n. 8] To compensate for the destruction of French coal mines, Germany was to cede the output of the Saar coalmines to France and control of the Saar to the League of Nations for 15 years; a plebiscite would then be held to decide sovereignty.[n. 9] The treaty restored the provinces of Alsace-Lorraine to France by rescinding the treaties of Versailles and Frankfurt of 1871 as they pertained to this issue.[n. 10] France was able to make the claim that the provinces of Alsace-Lorraine were indeed part of France and not part of Germany by disclosing a letter sent from the Prussian King to the Empress Eugénie that Eugénie provided, in which William I wrote that the territories of Alsace-Lorraine were requested by Germany for the sole purpose of national defense and not to expand the German territory. The sovereignty of Schleswig-Holstein was to be resolved by a plebiscite to be held at a future time (see Schleswig Plebiscites). In Central Europe Germany was to recognize the independence of Czechoslovakia (which had actually been controlled by Austria) and cede parts of the province of Upper Silesia.[n. 11] Germany had to recognize the independence of Poland and renounce ""all rights and title over the territory"". Portions of Upper Silesia were to be ceded to Poland, with the future of the rest of the province to be decided by plebiscite. The border would be fixed with regard to the vote and to the geographical and economic conditions of each locality.[n. 12] The Province of Posen (now Poznań), which had come under Polish control during the Greater Poland Uprising, was also to be ceded to Poland. Pomerelia (Eastern Pomerania), on historical and ethnic grounds, was transferred to Poland so that the new state could have access to the sea and became known as the Polish Corridor. The sovereignty of part of southern East Prussia was to be decided via plebiscite while the East Prussian Soldau area, which was astride the rail line between Warsaw and Danzig, was transferred to Poland outright without plebiscite.[n. 13] An area of 51,800 square kilometres (20,000 square miles) was granted to Poland at the expense of Germany. Memel was to be ceded to the Allied and Associated powers, for disposal according to their wishes.[n. 14] Germany was to cede the city of Danzig and its hinterland, including the delta of the Vistula River on the Baltic Sea, for the League of Nations to establish the Free City of Danzig.[n. 15]","- Western Europe: Germany ceded control of the Eupen-Malmedy area to Belgium and the provinces of Alsace-Lorrraine to France - Central Europe: Germany recognized the independence of Czechoslovakia and Poland",summarization Provide a bulleted summary of the history of Twitter,"Twitter is an online social media and social networking service owned and operated by American company Twitter, Inc., on which users post or reply to texts, images and videos known as ""tweets"". Registered users can tweet, like, ""retweet"" tweets and direct message (DM), while unregistered users only have the ability to view public tweets. Users interact with Twitter through browser or mobile frontend software, or programmatically via its APIs. Twitter was created by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams in March 2006 and launched in July of that year. Twitter, Inc. is based in San Francisco, California and has more than 25 offices around the world. By 2012, more than 100 million users tweeted 340 million tweets a day, and the service handled an average of 1.6 billion search queries per day. In 2013, it was one of the ten most-visited websites and has been described as ""the SMS of the Internet"". By the start of 2019, Twitter had more than 330 million monthly active users. In practice, the vast majority of tweets are tweeted by a minority of users. In 2020, it was estimated that approximately 48 million accounts (15% of all accounts) were fake. On October 27, 2022, business magnate Elon Musk acquired Twitter, Inc. for US$44 billion, gaining control of the platform. On December 20, 2022, Musk announced he would step down as CEO once a replacement had been found. As of April 2023, Musk has yet to announce a successor and remains CEO","- Twitter was created by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams in March 2006 - Twitter reached more than 100 million users in 2012 - Twitter reached more than 330 million users in 2019 - In 2022, Elon Must acquired Twitter for $44B",summarization "Classify each of the following as either a country or a continent: Africa, North America, Asia, South America, Asia, China, Argentina, Canada, Mexico, Japan, United States of America",,"Africa is a continent. North America is a continent. Asia is a continent. South America is a continent. Asia is a continent. China is a country in Asia. Argentina is a country in South America. Canada is a country in North America. Mexico is a country in South America. Japan is a country in Asia. United States of America is a country in North America.",classification Write a poem about a man named Chris who lives at the gym and fights monsters,,"There once was a man named Chris Who bench pressed his way to pure bliss When the plates started flying He was never seen crying Until a time of great peril made him miss As he lay under barbell, covered in sweat he peered at a creature in diss this was but a danger, which tended to linger in the dungeons of temples of lift Next thing you know, Chris awoke with a blow to his head and his heart but to this He exclaimed it was: ""nothing to worry"" Though the damage was done It had never been fun To this point life could only be bliss",open_qa What is the difference between a donut and a scone?,,"A donut is a fried piece of dough, generally made from flour, eggs and liquor. It tends to be airy and soft. A scone is a dense pastry baked in the oven, as opposed to fried. Scones are more akin to bread and can be either savory or sweet.",open_qa Does spark provide date & time when a particular event is received in the structured streaming?,,"Not directly. The source of the data is responsible for event time, the “arrival” time is typically the timestamp from the message server source you are reading from (Kafka, Kinesis, etc.) and the “processing” time can be inserted when processing the incomming data stream using the functions package current_timestamp function. https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/scala/index.html#org.apache.spark.sql.functions$ This isn’t exactly when Spark received the data from the server but is close and will be grouped by trigger interval. Note that this function can not be used when in continuous mode. https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/structured-streaming-programming-guide.html#supported-queries",creative_writing "Which of these forms of Bay Area transit are AC Transit bus lines and which are trains: Caltrain, BART, 51B, 36, 51A, 79, VTA Light Rail.",,"The trains are the Caltrain, BART, and VTA Light Rail, and the bus lines are the 51B, 36, 51A, and 79.",classification Why should people drive cars with manual transmissions?,,"People should drive cars with manual transmissions because it forces drivers to be more engaged while driving and lowers the incidence of distracted driving, making it the safest choice overall. Environmental concerns about fossil fuels aside, one of the biggest issues with driving today is distracted driving. With improvements in cruise control technology and other driver assistance functions like lane keep assist, cars are taking over more of the driving process than ever before. While the intent is to make it safer for drivers, it also has the unintended consequence of making easier for drivers to be distracted. Cars with manual transmissions not only force greater engagement and focus, but they are also either incompatible with, or only compatible with lesser versions of, certain driver assistance features like adaptive cruise control because lowering the speed while not being able to change the gear (which is manual) could cause the car to stall. Paradoxically, by increasing the required inputs and decreasing the number of driver assistance features, driving a manual transmission car is safest.",creative_writing "Classify the following as living things and non-living things: Car, Desk, Parrot, Cheetah, Phone",,"The list can be classified as living things and non-living things as follows: Car- Non-living thing. Desk- Non-living thing. Parrot- Living thing. Cheetah- Living thing. Phone- Non-living thing. You can classify anything that can breathe as a living thing and which cannot breathe as a non-living thing.",classification "Classify each of the following as a French or Italian company: Campari, Dior, Hermes, Ferrari, Prada",,"Campari: Italian Dior: French Hermes: French Ferrari: Italian Prada: Italian",classification "Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Jeep, Karry",,"Karry is Chinese, Jeep is American",classification "classify each of the following strings as positive or negative: ':)', ':(', 'i love you', 'i do not like you', 'happy', 'sad'",,"positive: ':)', 'i love you', 'happy' negative: ':(', 'i do not like you', 'sad'",classification "Classify these wild mushrooms as poisonous or edible: jack-o-lanterns, chanterelles, morels, death caps, destroying angels, lion's mane, false morels, maitake mushroom, oyster mushrooms",,"Chanterelles, morels, lion's mane, maitake, and oyster mushrooms are edible mushrooms. While you should avoid these deadly mushrooms such as jack-o-lanterns, death caps, destroying angels, and false morels.",classification Does Singapore have more than five official languages?,"Singapore (/ˈsɪŋ(ɡ)əpɔːr/ (listen)), officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor to the north. The country's territory is composed of one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet; the combined area of these has increased by 25% since the country's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects. It has the third highest population density in the world. With a multicultural population and recognising the need to respect cultural identities of the major ethnic groups within the nation, Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. English is the lingua franca and numerous public services are available only in English. Multi-racialism is enshrined in the constitution and continues to shape national policies in education, housing, and politics.","No, Singapore has only four official languages.",closed_qa Please give a summary of the type of recordings Spalding made by year.,"During the 78 era, when the maximum capacity of a single ordinary record side or cylinder was less than five minutes, Spalding recorded extensively for Edison Records, with some issues on cylinders and many more on diamond discs. Most featured short works or encore pieces that could fit on a single record side. These recordings were all by the acoustical process, as well as vertically-cut, through 1925, but he made his first electrical recordings in 1926 for Brunswick Records using that company's problematic ""Light-Ray"" system. After his unsatisfactory experience with Brunswick, Spalding went back to Edison and made some electrical Edison hill-and-dale Diamond Discs as well as a very few Edison ""Needle Cut"" lateral recordings in late 1928. These were much better recorded than Spalding's Brunswicks, but the Diamond Discs sold as scantily as the rest of Edison's product in that period, and the ""Needle-Cut"" discs were issued only for a very short time—from August to November 1929—and are exceedingly rare today. Following the Edison company's demise in November 1929, he recorded a handful of more extended works broken across multiple sides for RCA Victor Records.","1925: Vertically-cut acoustic recordings 1926: First electrical recordings for Brunswick Records 1928: Electrical recordings using Edison hill-and-dale Diamond Discs and ""Needle Cut"" recordings.",summarization "Which of the following creatures is real or fantasy: Lion, Unicorn, Jellyfish, Hydra, Minotaur, Ox, Centaur, Horse, Kraken",,"Lion - Real Unicorn - Fantasy Jellyfish - Real Hydra - Fantasy Minotaur - Fantasy Ox - Real Centaur - Fantasy Horse - Real Mermaid - Fantasy",classification "Classify these items in my grocery bag as 'vegan' or 'not vegan'. Ground beef, almond butter, eggs, spinach, fava beans, barley, dates, milk, wild rice, cashew milk yoghurt, beef tongue, ghee, jalapenos",,"Ground beef - not vegan almond butter - vegan eggs - not vegan spinach - vegan fava beans - vegan barley - vegan dates - vegan milk - not vegan wild rice - vegan cashew milk yoghurt - vegan beef tongue - not vegan ghee - not vegan jalapenos - vegan",classification "Can you tell me what of these are capital cities of their respective countries? Manchester, Madrid, Paris, Milan, London and Munich",,"A capital city is the city where the government of the country resides. From the previous lists only Madrid, Paris and London are capital cities. Manchester, Milan and Munich are large and important cities in Europe but they are not their country's capital. Some cities like Milan might be consider their country's economic capital as they are the main economic hub of Italy but they are still not their capital city which is Rome.",classification "Write a short story about a little girl who befriends a dragon, the dragons magical powers can bring her to a different universe.",,"Once upon a time there was a little girl who dreamed every day of finding a dragon. This particular Tuesday morning when she was waiting for the bus, she spotted a shiny object on the sidewalk. She leaned down to pick it up and it glimmered in the sunshine. She had never seen such a brilliant treasure, it was the color of the rainbow, and when she looked closer it looked eerily similar to a dragon scale, but she couldn't believe that it was truly a dragon scale because they only existed in the stories she read. She looked around and spotted another shiny scale, like a trail of breadcrumbs leading her to the forest behind her house. She knew that her parents would want her to go to school but her curiosity got the better of her and she started to follow the trail of shiny scales to the forest. She fought her way through the forest until she came upon what looked like a cave that she was sure was not there before. She cautiously entered the cave and and instead of the cave getting darker, it was getting brighter, like a brilliant light was inside the cave. When she turned the corner in the cave, she saw the most beautiful sparkling dragon and could not believe her eyes! She slowly crept toward the dragon, who was watching her closely as she approached. She held out her hand as if to pet the dragon and the dragon sniffed her hand, then rubbed it's head on the bottom of her hand to signal that it wanted to befriend her. She giggled as the dragon purred and rubbed it's shiny body circling around her. The dragon then spoke and asked her if she had ever been to the beyond worlds. The girl shook her head, the dragon blinked her eyes and projected an image onto the cave wall to show one of the beautiful beyond worlds that was filled with dragons. The girl asked if the dragon would take her there, the dragon laughed and nodded, signaling for the girl to jump on it's back. The rush of excitement came over the girl, and she hopped on the dragons back. She held on tight as the dragon started running out of the cave, as the dragon exited the cave a portal opened and it leaped into the portal. The girl closed her eyes, not knowing what would happen next, she finally opened her eyes and gawked with amazement when they arrived in the beyond world, she could not believe what she was seeing, DRAGONS! DRAGONS EVERYWHERE! They were riding over the rainbow, playing in the waterfalls, and the universe was full of beautiful flowers towering as tall as redwood trees. The sky was purple and the world had 10 moons as she glanced up in the sky.......this was going to be a great adventure!",creative_writing Write a letter to Dear Abby on relationship advice.,,"Dear Abby, I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to seek your advice as my relationship with my partner has gotten to an unbearable stage in the last few weeks and is weighing heavy on my mind. We have been together for seventeen years now. We love each other deeply but have been struggling to connect on a deeper level. I want this relationship to work more than anything in the world, but I am unsure where to start. I have tried talking to him about my feelings, but he seems to shrug me off at any attempt. It feels like the rock has set in.I look forward to hearing your thoughts. Sincerely, Mrs. Mavis.",creative_writing "I'm making a meal, please tell me which ingredients are fruits, vegetables, grains and meats. Lettuce, tomato, avocado, rice, beef, onion, garlic, cilantro.",,"Lettuce: vegetable, tomato: fruit, avocado: fruit, rice: grain, beef: meat, onion: vegetable, garlic: vegetable, cilantro: vegetable",classification How many years passed from Ghana's decline to the Mali Empire consolidating western Sudan?,"By the ninth century CE, a string of dynastic states, including the earliest Hausa states, stretched across the sub-Saharan savannah from the western regions to central Sudan. The most powerful of these states were Ghana, Gao, and the Kanem-Bornu Empire. Ghana declined in the eleventh century, but was succeeded by the Mali Empire which consolidated much of western Sudan in the thirteenth century. Kanem accepted Islam in the eleventh century.","Ghana declined in the 11th century, Mali Empire consolidated much of western Sudan in the 13th century, so 2 centuries passed which equals 200 years.",closed_qa "Tell me which Pokemon are flying or not flying: Pidgeot, Fearow, Charizard, Ditto, Eevee, Chansey",,"Pidgeot: Flying Fearow: Flying Charizard: Flying Ditto: Not Flying Eevee: Not Flying Chansey: Not Flying",classification What is rheological weldability?,"Rheological weldability (RW) of thermoplastics considers the materials flow characteristics in determining the weldability of the given material. The process of welding thermal plastics requires three general steps, first is surface preparation. The second step is the application of heat and pressure to create intimate contact between the components being joined and initiate inter-molecular diffusion across the joint and the third step is cooling. RW can be used to determine the effectiveness of the second step of the process for given materials.",Rheological weldability describes the effectiveness of applying heat and pressure to join two materials.,summarization What are some items I should stock up on from the grocery store to have in my pantry,,"canned beans, rice, shelf-stable plant-based milk, crackers, salsa, pasta, pasta sauce, oatmeal, pretzels, maple syrup, noodles, canned tomatoes, tortilla chips, tea, almond butter, walnuts, balsamic vinegar, tahini, dark chocolate, grits, dried cranberries, pistachios",brainstorming "Identify the differences in recognizing the signs of a heart attack versus a stroke from the following: shortness of breath, sudden numbness or weakness of face, arm, or leg, nausea, sweating, sudden confusion, and severe headaches.",,"Heart attack signs: shortness of breath, sweating, nausea Stroke signs: sudden numbness or weakness of face, arm, or leg; severe headaches, sudden confusion",classification Give me a list of five languages which I should make my kids learn.,,"Bengali, Hindi, English, Spanish, French",brainstorming List top 5 people with most gold medals,,"1. Michael Phelps - 23 gold 2. Larisa Latynina - 9 gold 3. Paavo Nurmi - 9 gold 4. Mark Spitz - 9 gold 5. Carl Lewis - 9 gold",brainstorming "Using Max Weber's ideal bureaucracy as outlined in the provided text, generate 5 pro and 5 con bullet points on how bureaucracy is applied to an organization in practice.","The German sociologist Max Weber was the first to formally study bureaucracy and his works led to the popularization of this term. In his essay Bureaucracy, published in his magnum opus Economy and Society, Weber described many ideal-typical forms of public administration, government, and business. His ideal-typical bureaucracy, whether public or private, is characterized by: - hierarchical organization - formal lines of authority (chain of command) - a fixed area of activity - rigid division of labor - regular and continuous execution of assigned tasks - all decisions and powers specified and restricted by regulations - officials with expert training in their fields - career advancement dependent on technical qualifications - qualifications evaluated by organizational rules, not individuals Weber listed several preconditions for the emergence of bureaucracy, including an increase in the amount of space and population being administered, an increase in the complexity of the administrative tasks being carried out, and the existence of a monetary economy requiring a more efficient administrative system. The development of communication and transportation technologies makes more efficient administration possible, and democratization and rationalization of culture results in demands for equal treatment. Although he was not necessarily an admirer of bureaucracy, Weber saw bureaucratization as the most efficient and rational way of organizing human activity and therefore as the key to rational-legal authority, indispensable to the modern world. Furthermore, he saw it as the key process in the ongoing rationalization of Western society. Weber also saw bureaucracy, however, as a threat to individual freedoms, and the ongoing bureaucratization as leading to a ""polar night of icy darkness"", in which increasing rationalization of human life traps individuals in a soulless ""iron cage"" of bureaucratic, rule-based, rational control Weber's critical study of the bureaucratization of society became one of the most enduring parts of his work. Many aspects of modern public administration are based on his work, and a classic, hierarchically organized civil service of the Continental type is called ""Weberian civil service"" or ""Weberian bureaucracy"". It is debated among social scientists whether Weberian bureaucracy contributes to economic growth","Pro: 1. References are provided and checked to ensure candidates are qualified. 2. Management priorities are completed by employees as soon as possible. 3. ""Industry experts"" are welcome. 4. Learning is rewarded and encouraged. Free training is provided. 5. When warranted, a RACI (responsible, accountable, consulted, and informed) is shared across departments. Con: 1. ""Flat"" organizations with a ""startup"" culture generate new ideas since all employees feel like contributors. 2. Dynamic and strategic roles are difficult to place into a fixed area of activity with a clear division of responsibilities. 3. Decisioning via regulations assumes it is possible and efficient to document specified and restricted regulations in all cases. 4. Bureaucracy is not ""fun"" and employee retention and well-being are critical aspects of any organization. 5. Employee ""freedom"" motivates and inspires people to do their best work.",summarization What are the first and third eras of aircraft history mentioned in the text below and when did they end? Use a bullet list and the format {Name} ({Year}).,"Flying model craft and stories of manned flight go back many centuries; however, the first manned ascent — and safe descent — in modern times took place by larger hot-air balloons developed in the 18th century. Each of the two World Wars led to great technical advances. Consequently, the history of aircraft can be divided into five eras: - Pioneers of flight, from the earliest experiments to 1914. - First World War, 1914 to 1918. - Aviation between the World Wars, 1918 to 1939. - Second World War, 1939 to 1945. - Postwar era, also called the Jet Age, 1945 to the present day.","- Pioneers of flight (1914) - Aviation between the World Wars (1939)",information_extraction "Tell me if these are states or countries: New York, Brazil, Africa, Sweden, Indiana, California, Hawaii, Argentina",,"The following are states: Indiana, California, Hawaii, New York. Countries: Brazil, Argentina, Sweden. Africa is neither a state or a country, it is a continent. Also New York is the name of a city and a state.",classification Best Actress Award in Drama series in 27th Screen Actors Guild(SAG) Awards was won by whom?,,Gillian Anderson for her performance as Margaret Thatcher,open_qa "Categorize the following data types into personal or business data: e-mail address, financials, government identifiers, system designs, marketing materials, credit card numbers",,"E-mail Address: Personal Data Financials: Business Data Government Identifiers: Personal Data System Designs: Business Data Marketing Materials: Business Data Credit Card Numbers: Personal Data",classification "Classify each of the following as either transportation modes or brands of vehicles: Audi, Bus, Train, Airplane, Ship, Ford, Acura, Volkswagen.",,"The following are transportation modes: Bus, Train, Airplane, Ship. The following are brands of vehicles: Audit, Ford, Acura, Volkswagen.",classification Give me a list of the best breakfast foods I've never tried,,"French toast, pancakes, avocado toast, corned beef hash, eggs Benedict, grilled blueberry muffin",brainstorming "Classify the following games in ascending order of computational complexity: tic-tac-toe, chess, checkers, go",,"tic-tac-toe, checkers, chess, go",classification "Classify each of the following as a state or a city: Florida, Texas, Alaska, Houston, Charlotte, Charleston, Savannah, Kansas, San Diego",,"Florida: State Texas: State Alaska: State Houston: City Charlotte: City Charleston: City Savannah: City Kansas: State San Diego: City",classification Who won the National Championship for Men's Basketball in 2023?,,The University of Connecticut won the National Championship for Men's Basketball in 2023. UConn was not favored coming into the tournament and was a #4 seed to start the tournament. UConn won every one of its tournament games by a large margin and quickly became the favorite as it reached the Final Four. Uconn beat the San Diego State Aztecs to win the title. This is the 5th national championship for Uconn in 25 years. They have also won the championship under 3 different coaches during that time. This year's coach is Dan Hurley who is from New Jersey and played college basketball himself,open_qa "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Namor, Aquaman",,"Aquaman is DC, Namor is Marvel",classification "Classify each of the following as a streaming service or cable channel: Netflix, Hulu, Disney+, QVC, ABC, Comedy Central",,"Netflix: Streaming Service Hulu: Streaming Service Disney+: Streaming Service QVC: Cable Channel ABC: Cable Channel Comedy Central: Cable Channel",classification Are Rainbow Trout and Steelhead the same?,,"Steelhead and Rainbow trout are the same species, but have different lifestyles. Steelhead spend part of their lives in the sea before going up river to breed, while rainbow trout spend their lives in freshwater.",open_qa "Tell me whether these beverages are acidic: Orange Juice, Grapefruit Juice, Coca-Cola, Soy Milk, Coconut Water, Carrot Juice",,"Orange juice is a highly acidic beverage. Grapefruit juice is a highly acidic beverage. Coca-Cola is a highly acidic beverage. Soy milk is low in acidity. Coconut water is low in acidity. Carrot juice is low in acidity.",classification Who won the 2022 NBA Finals?,,Golden State Warriors,open_qa "classify the following as sports vs other activities: cricket, talking, writing, running, dancing, football, golf, construction, plumbing, swimming, paragliding, racing, getting late",,"sports: cricket, running, football, golf, swimming, paragliding, racing other activities: talking, writing, dancing, construction, plumbing, getting late",classification Please summarize from this text what were the main reasons Czech people immigrated to Texas.,"Czech immigration was driven by the availability of land in Texas and by events in Europe. In the 1840s, the Austrian Empire, which included Czech lands, was still run by a feudal system, despite the wave of democratic ideals permeating western Europe. This led to the Revolutions of 1848, which did little to improve the economic status of peasants who still found it difficult to gain wealth. The revolutions, together with factors such as religious persecution and mandatory military service, fueled a wave of emigration from Austria beginning in 1852. Immigrants to America were unfamiliar with the concept of American democracy due to their lack of experience with democratic ideals. The concepts of states' rights and slavery were equally foreign to the immigrants.","Czech immigration to Texas in the 19th century was influenced by the availability of land in Texas to homestead, economic opportunity, freedom from religious persecution and to escape the revolutions in the Austrian empire that lead to political unrest and economic uncertainty in the region.",summarization "Tell me whether these mountains are included in the New Hampshire 4000 footers: Washington, Adams, Moosilauke, South Carter, Garfield, Wildcat A, Wildcat B, Wildcat C.",,"Mount Washington, Adams, Moosilauke, South Carter, Garfield and Wildcat A are part of the New Hampshire 4000 footers. Although Wildcat B and Wildcat C are over 4000 feet in height, they are not included in the NH 4000 footers because they do not have sufficient prominence .",classification "Make me a menu for a dinner party which will use up potatoes, cherry tomatoes, salmon and heavy cream I have that is about to expire. The menu should have three courses and a dessert, and shouldn't include eggs due to the current egg shortage. Describe the order in which each food would be served.",,"The first course can be appetizers, for which you can make bruschetta to use up the cherry tomatoes. Next for the second course serve a potato and leek soup, which will use up the potatoes and heavy cream. For the main course you will serve salmon with a dill sauce that is also made with heavy cream. For dessert you can serve a sorbet, which is egg free. This is an egg free meal that will use up all your ingredients .",creative_writing What are some classes you need to take in university to become an aerospace engineer?,,"Some classes you need to take in university to become an aerospace engineer include thermodynamics, aerodynamics, fluid dynamics, and mechanics of materials.",open_qa How many octaves does a harpsichord have?,,5 octaves,open_qa Who wins the point in tennis?,"Tennis is a racket sport that is played either individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles). Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court. The object of the game is to manoeuvre the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return. The player who is unable to return the ball validly will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.",A player who can return the ball validly when the opposite player unable to return it.,information_extraction "Classify the below companies on whether they belong to India or Taiwan - HDFC Bank, Infosys, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Pegatron",,"HDFC Bank, Infosys - India Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Pegatron - Taiwan",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Caxirola, Ducheke",,"Ducheke is string, Caxirola is percussion.",classification "Classify each of the following as either a drink or a food: apple juice, cake, hamburger, carrot, orange juice, soda.",,"apple juice is a drink cake is a food hamburger is a food carrot is a food orange juice is a drink soda is a drink",classification "In Islam, cateogorize each of the following as either 'haram' or 'halal'. Pork, Beef, Chicken, Fish, Alcohol, fasting.",,"Pork and Alcohol are considered Haram while Beef, Chicken, Fish and Fasting are Halal",classification "From this summary of how Bilbo found the Ring in The Hobbit, how did Bilbo beat Gollum at the Riddle game?","As told in The Hobbit, Bilbo found the Ring while lost in the tunnels near Gollum's lair. In the first edition, Gollum offers to surrender the Ring to Bilbo as a reward for winning the Riddle Game. When Tolkien was writing The Lord of the Rings, he realized that the Ring's grip on Gollum would never permit him to give it up willingly. He therefore revised The Hobbit: in the second edition, after losing the Riddle Game to Bilbo, Gollum went to get his ""Precious"" to help him kill and eat Bilbo, but found the Ring missing. Deducing from Bilbo's last question—""What have I got in my pocket?""—that Bilbo had found the Ring, Gollum chased him through the caves, not realizing that Bilbo had discovered the Ring's power of invisibility and was following him to the cave's mouth. Bilbo escaped Gollum and the goblins by remaining invisible, but he chose not to tell Gandalf and the dwarves that the Ring had made him invisible. Instead he told them a story that followed the first edition: that Gollum had given him the Ring and shown him the way out. Gandalf was immediately suspicious of the Ring, and later forced the real story from Bilbo.","Gollum was unable to answer Bilbo's last question, ""What have I got in my pocket?"".",closed_qa "Tell me which of these are shades of Blue that BWM paints their cars: Miami Blue, Laguna Seca Blue, Le Mans Blue, Interlagos Blue, Heritage Blue, Mexico Blue, Yas Marina Blue, Gulf Blue, Long Beach Blue.",,"Laguna Seca Blue, Le Mans Blue, Interlagos Blue, Yas Marina Blue, Long Beach Blue",classification "Tell me whether these words are English or Spanish: dog, cat, perro, gato, house, casa",,"Dog: English Cat: English Perro: Spanish Gato: Spanish House: English Casa: Spanish",classification Give me a list of artists and bands associated with City Pop genre that gained popularity in 70s and 80s Japan,,"1. Anri 2. Mariya Takeuchi 3. Miki Matsubara 4. Hiroshi Sato 5. Masayoshi Takanaka 6. Yamashita Tatsuro 7. Happy End 8. Casiopea",brainstorming "Tell me whether these people are DJs or singers: David Guetta, Avicii, Rihanna, Beyonce, Martin Garrix, Calvin Harris, Taylor Swift",,"David Guetta: DJ Avicii: DJ Rihanna: Singer Beyonce: Singer Martin Garrix: DJ Calvin Harris: DJ Taylor Swift: Singer",classification Give me a bulleted list of some of the greatest parks in London,,"Here is a list of London's greatest parks: - Hampstead Heath - Regent’s Park - Greenwich Park - Victoria Park - Holland Park - Richmond Park - Green Park - Hyde Park - St James’s Park",brainstorming How many Grammy Awards has Bad Bunny won?,,Bad Bunny has won 2 Grammy Awards and has been nominated for 6,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Atabaque, Ajaeng",,"Ajaeng is string, Atabague is percussion.",classification What are best novels in Spanish?,,"One Hundred Years of Solitude A Heart So White The House of the Spirits Don Quixote",classification "Classify each of the following as either Mexican food or Vietnamese food: pho, tacos, spring rolls, bun bo hue, burritos, frijoles, banh mi, nachos",,"Vietnamese food: pho, spring rolls, bun bo hue, banh mi Mexican food: tacos, burritos, frijoles, nachos",classification Name some of the bravolebrities from The Real Housewives of New Jersey,,"Dolores Catania, Jackie Goldschneider, Jennifer Aydin, Margaret Josephs, Melissa Gorga and Teresa Giudice",open_qa "Classify each of the following as either a dog or cat: Golden Retriever, Domestic Short Hair, Black Labrador Retriever, Siamese, Dachshund, Ragdoll",,"Golden Retriever: Dog Domestic Short Hair: Cat Black Labrador Retriever: Dog Siamese: Cat Dachshund: Dog Ragdoll: Cat",classification Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name},"James Leslie Mitchell gained attention from his earliest attempts at fiction, notably from H. G. Wells, but it was his trilogy entitled A Scots Quair, and in particular its first book Sunset Song, with which he made his mark. A Scots Quair, with its combination of stream-of-consciousness, lyrical use of dialect, and social realism, is considered to be among the defining works of the 20th century Scottish Renaissance. It tells the story of Chris Guthrie, a young woman growing up in the north-east of Scotland in the early 20th century. All three parts of the trilogy have been turned into serials by BBC Scotland, written by Bill Craig, with Vivien Heilbron as Chris. Additionally, Sunset Song has been adapted into a film, released in 2015. Spartacus, a novel set in the famous slave revolt, is his best-known full-length work outside this trilogy.","• James Leslie Mitchell • H. G. Wells • Chris Guthrie • Bill Craig • Vivien Heilbron",information_extraction What shape are Philodendron leaves?,"The leaves are usually large and imposing, often lobed or deeply cut, and may be more or less pinnate. They can also be oval, spear-shaped, or in many other possible shape variations. The leaves are borne alternately on the stem. A quality of philodendrons is that they do not have a single type of leaf on the same plant. Instead, they have juvenile leaves and adult leaves, which can be drastically different from one another. The leaves of seedling philodendrons are usually heart-shaped early in the life of the plant. But after it has matured past the seedling stage, the leaves will acquire the typical juvenile leaf's shape and size. Later in the philodendron's life, it starts producing adult leaves, a process called metamorphosis. Most philodendrons go through metamorphosis gradually; there is no immediately distinct difference between juvenile and adult leaves. Aside from being typically much bigger than the juvenile leaves, the shape of adult leaves can be significantly different. In fact, considerable taxonomic difficulty has occurred in the past due to these differences, causing juvenile and adult plants to mistakenly be classified as different species.",They are spear-shaped,closed_qa What are five different ground Pokemon?,,"Five different ground Pokeon are Diglett, Cubone, Sandshrew, Dugtrio, and Marowak.",open_qa "Tell me if these animals are mammals or birds: Emu, Gorilla, Platypus, Kangaroo, Ostrich, Robin, Raven",,"Emu: Bird, Gorilla: Mammal, Platypus: Mammal, Kangaroo: Mammal, Ostrich: Bird, Robin: Bird, Raven: Bird",classification What are five popular songs by Jack Harlow?,,"Five popular songs by Jack Harlow are First Class, WHATS POPPIN, Dua Lipa, Tyler Herro, and Churchill Downs.",open_qa "Say that you take 1 step left, then 2 forward, then 4 right, then 3 right, then 3 forward, then 5 back. Take me through the process of determining how far you end up from your starting position.",,"First, we find the displacement from the starting position, which we will use to calculate the distance. To do this, collect the steps into groups by direction. Left: we take 1 step left Right: we take 4 + 3 = 7 steps right Forward: we take 2 + 3 = 5 steps forward Back: we take 5 steps back We can subtract step counts in opposite directions to get our final displacement Left/Right: we take 1 step left and 7 right, so we take a total of 1 - 7 = -6 steps left. This is equivalent to 6 steps right. Forward/Back: we take 5 steps forward and 5 steps back, so we take a total of 5 - 5 = 0 steps forward. This means we end up 5 steps to the right and 0 steps forward from where we started, which is a distance of 5 steps.",creative_writing "Given this paragraph about the Gusii language, what do they call sandals in Tabaka Kenya?","The Gusii language (also known as Ekegusii) is a Bantu language spoken in Kisii and Nyamira counties in Nyanza Kenya, whose headquarters is Kisii Town, (between the Kavirondo Gulf of Lake Victoria and the border with Tanzania). It is spoken natively by 2.2 million people (as of 2009), mostly among the Abagusii. Ekegusii has only two dialects: The Rogoro and Maate dialects. Phonologically they differ in the articulation of /t/. Most of the variations existing between the two dialects are lexical. The two dialects can refer to the same object or thing using different terms. Example Cat. While one dialect calls a cat ekemoni, the other calls it ekebusi. As well, the rogoro dialect calls sandals Chidiripasi while the maate dialect calls it chitaratara. Many more lexical differences manifest in the language. Maate Dialect is spoken in Tabaka and Bogirango. Most of the other regions use the Rogoro Dialect, which is also the standard dialect","Chitaratara is what they call scandals in Tabaka, Kenya, where the Maate dialect is spoken.",closed_qa Who were the last 5 Republican presidents?,,"Gerald Ford – 1974 to 1977 (38th President) Ronald Reagan – 1981 to 1989 (40th President) George H.W. Bush – 1989 to 1993 (41st President) George W. Bush – 2001 to 2009 (43rd President) Donald J. Trump – 2017 to 2021 (45th President)",brainstorming Give me a bulleted list of ideas for a viral youtube video,,"• Film yourself biking from California to New York • Create summarizations and synopses of high profile current events and supplement them with high quality editing or animations • Document your journey of mastering a new skill, like learning an instrument, and provide large-scale time lapses where you go from beginner to advanced at the skill. • Film yourself attempting to infiltrate and work for a venue or event, like attempting to sneak into a fashion show and pretending to be, or entering a coffee shop and pretending to be a newly-hired barista",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Wind machine, Langeleik",,"Langeleik is string, Wind machine is percussion.",classification "Tell me if these are cities or countries: Spain, Paris, Rome and Germany",,"Spain and Germany are countries, while Paris and Rome are cities. They are all in Europe.",classification "Tell me whether those countries are in Europe or America: England, United states, France, Spain, Canada, Italy, Colombia, Peru",,"England is in Europe, United States is in America, France is in Europe, Spain is in Europe, Canada is in America, Italy is in Europe, Colombia is in America, Peru is in America",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Surdo, Kora",,"Kora is string, Surdo is percussion.",classification How many squares does a chessboard have?,,64,open_qa "Which of these are international tennis players: Virat Kohli, Pete Sampras, Mike Tyson, Roger Federer",,"International tennis players are: Pete Sampras and Roger Federer Virat Kohli is an international cricket player Mike Tyson is an international boxer",classification When was the last flight of Concorde?,,On 26 November 2003,open_qa Name some of the bravolebrities from The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills,,"Crystal Kung Minkoff, Dorit Kemsley, Erika Jayne, Lisa Rinna, Garcelle Beauvais, Kyle Richards, Sutton Stracke and Kathy Hilton",open_qa What is the difference between a putter and a driver in golf?,,"In golf, a driver is generally used from the tee box to hit the ball as far as possible at the beginning of a hole. A putter is used when on the green to hit the ball short distances on the ground into the hole.",open_qa Give me a list of potential vegan dishes you could make for a Thanksgiving meal,,"Vegan mashed potatoes Vegan macaroni and cheese Tofurkey with vegan gravy Vegan green bean casserole Vegan candied yams Vegan sweet potato pie Vegan twice baked potatoes",brainstorming "Given this series of navigation instructions, determine whether one would end up back at the starting point: Take 1 step. Take 2 steps. Take 3 steps. Turn around. Take 6 steps. Turn right.",,"Well, I'd say yes and no. While the person would be at the starting point, he wouldn't be facing the same direction.",creative_writing "You, a commercial gym supervisor, are supervising the resistance training area when you hear a lot of clanging noise by the seated leg press machine. You observe a participant not controlling the descent of the weights. You suggest he slowly return the weights rather than letting them drop quickly. A day or two later, he reports that he felt more sore than usual after that workout. What accounts for this? Is it safe for him to exercise today?",,"He is feeling more sore than usual because likely the weight was too heavy for him, and he was not able to control the descent of the weights properly, leading him to overexert himself in the exercise. He may want to rest a bit longer before returning to workout as normal, as he does not want to injure himself in the long run. In the process of not performing the seated leg press as he should (in a safe manner), he risks overusing his muscles, and maybe even tearing a muscle or ligament in the long run.",brainstorming What are the new 7 Wonders of Nature:,,"Here are the new 7 Wonders of Nature: - Iguazu Falls, on the border of the Argentine province of Misiones and the Brazilian state of Paraná - Hạ Long Bay, in Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam - Jeju Island, in the Jeju Province of South Korea - Puerto Princesa Underground River, in Palawan, Philippines - Table Mountain, overlooking the city of Cape Town, South Africa - Komodo Island, one of the 17,508 islands that comprise the Republic of Indonesia - Amazon rainforest, located in Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana",brainstorming "Classify each of the following as either a brass instrument or a woodwind instrument: flute, euphonium, bassoon, trumpet, clarinet, saxophone, tuba.",,"Flute: woodwind Euphonium: brass Bassoon: woodwind Trumpet: brass Clarinet: woodwind Saxophone: woodwind Tuba: brass",classification "Make me a list of give cocktails made using vodka, include any other ingredients required.",,"Here are some cocktails that use Vodka as the primary ingredient: - Bloody Mary is made using vodka, tomato juice and a variety of optional ingredients to add flavor. Popular additions are Worcestershire sauce, hot sauce, celery, olives, salt, black pepper and lemon juice. - Vodka Martini is made with vodka and vermouth and is frequently garnished with olives or a twist of lemon rind. - White Russian, is made using vodka, coffee liqueur and either milk or cream - Caipiroska is made with vodka, lime and raw sugar - Cosmopolitan is made using vodka, orange liqueur and cranberry juice",brainstorming "Tell me whether companies keep each of these confidential or publish publicly: acquisition targets, customer data, marketing materials, blog posts, product instructions",,"Acquisition Targets: Confidential Customer Data: Confidential Marketing Materials: Publish Publicly Blog Posts: Publish Publicly Product Instructions: Publish Publicly",classification What type of YouTube Channel did Danla Bilic have?,"Aktepe first drew attention to herself by a series of incidents on Twitter. Aktepe, who opened a makeup channel on YouTube, gained a significant number of subscribers over a short period. Subsequently, her style of content diversified to include vlogs, joint broadcasts with singers, models, and other Internet celebrities. She also participated in various television programs. Throughout her career, Aktepe's behavior was occasionally criticized and legal proceedings were initiated by some individuals and institutions against her.",Danla Bilic started a makeup channel on YouTube.,closed_qa "Classify each of the following as ""Motorized"" or ""Not Motorized"": Bicycle, Skateboard, Car, Lawn Mower, Tractor, Golf Cart",,"Bicycle: Not Motorized Skateboard: Not Motorized Car: Motorized Lawn Mower: Motorized Tractor: Motorized Golf Cart: Motorized",classification What are the words of House Swygert?,,"""Truth Conquers""",open_qa "Classify the following instruments as either brass or woodwind: Alto Saxophone, Trumpet, Clarinet, Oboe, Trombone, Horn, Drums.",,"Of the given list, the Alto Saxophone, Clarinet, and Oboe are woodwind instruments because they all generate sound with a reed. Contrarily, the Trumpet, Trombone, and Horn are brass instruments. This family's instruments are made of brass, and the players vibrate their lips to produce a sound. The drum is neither a woodwind nor a brass instrument but part of the percussion instrument family.",classification "Write 5 distinct, unique and creative statements that help someone think about Friedrich Nietzsche's ""Beyond Good & Evil"", which critically analyzes the idea of binaries in complexity",,"1. Black and white movies contain a high number of greyscale pixels. 2. The scientific community in the 21st century embraces that for some complex diagnoses, the evaluation should be placed on a spectrum. 3. The point-forward is an especially valuable basketball position that is never found on an official roster, which only contains guards and forwards. 4. Those who write intelligently are often verbose and those who write simply are often grammatically incorrect; the best sentences are simple and intelligent. 5. The wealthiest people went to elite universities where in some cases 90 percent of students are denied but some say ""C students run the world"".",creative_writing What are 3 popular movies with Adam Sandler?,,"The following are 3 popular movies with Adam Sandler: 1. Big Daddy 2. Billy Madison 3. The Waterboy",open_qa What is a knowledge base?,,A knowledge base is a set of articles composed of words and sentences that explains concepts of what are known but perhaps hard to understand. A kb can be used to help streamline and making training more readily accessible. A kb is also a place where exchange of ideas occurs through asking interactive questions on published articles. An example of a widely use kb is stackoverflow.com,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Madal, Craviola",,"Craviola is string, Madal is percussion.",classification "Classify each of the following as part of the upper or lower body: arm, toe, finger, ankle, elbow, chin, chest, shin",,"Arm: Upper Body Toe: Lower Body Finger: Upper Body Ankle: Lower Body Elbow: Upper Body Chin: Upper Body Chest: Upper Body Shin: Lower Body",classification What is the difference between a guitar and bass?,,"The main difference between a guitar and a bass is the number of strings that they have. A guitar typically has six strings, while a bass typically has four. Additionally, guitars are typically larger and more expensive than basses.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Brac, Piri",,"Piri is woodwind, Brac is string.",classification Is Star Wars based on a book?,,"No, the Star Wars universe originated from the film series created by George Lucas beginning with 'Star Wars: A New Hope' in 1977. A number of books have been written based on the films or in the storyline created from them, but the original material was a film.",open_qa "Can you explain the lyrics “His whole back's to these ropes, it don't matter, he's dope” in the song lose yourself by Eminem?",,"“Back’s to these ropes” is another way of saying that Rabbit, the main character of the song, is in a difficult situation; his back is against the wall. Eminem is comparing the rap battle that Rabbit takes part in at the end of 8 Mile to the sport of boxing, where the ring is surrounded by ropes.",creative_writing learn about 1989 UP–DND accord,"The 1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord (UP–DND accord) was a bilateral agreement between the Department of National Defense (DND) and the University of the Philippines (UP) that restricted military and police access and operations inside the university. Background On October 28, 1981, an agreement between then-UP student leader Sonia Soto and then-defense minister Juan Ponce Enrile, known as the Soto–Enrile accord, was signed to protect students from the presence of the military and police in any of UP's campuses. On June 16, 1989, Donato Continente, a staffer of The Philippine Collegian and an alleged communist, was arrested within the premises of the university for his involvement in the killing of US Army Col. James Nicholas Rowe on April 21, 1989. The Supreme Court of the Philippines later shortened Continente's jail sentence, releasing him on June 28, 2005, after being incarcerated for over 14 years. Continente pled not guilty of the crime and claimed that he was tortured and abducted by ununiformed authorities to admit that he took part in it. Negotiation 14 days after Continente's arrest, on June 30, 1989, UP President Jose V. Abueva and Defense Secretary Fidel V. Ramos signed the agreement, which effectively succeeded the 1981 Soto–Enrile accord. The agreement was made to ensure the academic freedom of UP's students and prevent state officials from interfering with students' protests. Provisions The provisions of the agreement were the following: State officials that are intending to conduct an operation inside a UP campus shall give a prior notification to the UP administration except in the events of a pursuit, or any other emergency situations. UP officials shall provide assistance to law enforcers within UP premises and endeavor to strengthen its own security, police, and fire-fighting capabilities without being exploited unlawfully. Only uniformed authorities may enter the university if a request for assistance by the UP administration is granted. State officials shall not interfere with any peaceful protest being conducted by the UP's constituents within the premises of the university. UP officials shall be deemed responsible for the actions and behavior of their constituents. Search and arrest warrants for students, faculty members, and employees shall be given after a prior notification was sent to the UP administration. No warrant shall be served after twenty-four hours of its service and without the presence of at least two UP officials. The arrest and detention of any UP student, faculty, and employee in the Philippines shall be reported immediately by the authorities in-charge to the UP administration. Termination On January 18, 2021, Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana and his office announced to the public the unilateral termination of the agreement citing that the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its armed wing, New People's Army (NPA), both tagged as terrorist organizations by the Anti-Terrorism Council, have been recruiting members inside the university and called it a ""hindrance in providing effective security, safety, and welfare of the students, faculty, and employees of UP."" The DND notified the termination of the agreement to UP three days earlier. The Armed Forces of the Philippines chairman of the joint chiefs Gilbert Gapay claimed that at least 18 students of the university recruited by the NPA have been killed so far in clashes with the military according to their records. A similar agreement between the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) and the DND that was signed in 1990 is also being advocated for termination by Duterte Youth Representative Ducielle Cardema. Reactions and responses President Rodrigo Duterte supported the DND's decision to abrogate the agreement according to a statement by Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque. In an interview with CNN Philippines, Roque, a former UP law professor and human rights lawyer, replied to a tweet from UP professor Danilo Arao that questions his honor and excellence, by saying that he already asked the defense secretary and the UP president to settle down. When asked about his personal opinion about the decision, he said, ""there's really no such thing when you are a presidential spokesperson."" Vice President Leni Robredo, on the other hand, denounced the decision and said that the decision was meant to silence the critics of the administration. On January 20, Senators Joel Villanueva, Sonny Angara, Nancy Binay, and Grace Poe filed a bill in the Senate to institutionalize the accord into Republic Act No. 9005, or the University of the Philippines Charter of 2008. Several lawmakers from both branches of Congress have also expressed their concerns and disagreements with the DND's decision. UP President Danilo Concepcion said that the termination of the agreement was ""totally unnecessary and unwarranted"" and was made without consulting the UP administration. UP Student Regent Renee Co, meanwhile, called the decision ""one of the [government's] worst attempts at destroying the institutional safeguards that UP students have fought to put in their struggle for their democratic rights."" On January 19, the UP held a rally to condemn the termination of the agreement. The hashtag #DefendUP was trended on Twitter with some discussion pointed to the Duterte administration, stating that ""this is another way of the administration to threaten and silence activists who have opposed President Duterte's several policies, especially on supposed red-tagging activities and on the COVID-19 pandemic response.""","The 1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord (UP–DND accord) was a bilateral agreement between the Department of National Defense (DND) and the University of the Philippines (UP) that restricted military and police access and operations inside the university. On October 28, 1981, an agreement between then-UP student leader Sonia Soto and then-defence minister Juan Ponce Enrile, known as the Soto–Enrile accord, was signed to protect students from the presence of the military and police in any of UP's campuses. On June 16, 1989, Donato Continente, a staffer of The Philippine Collegian and an alleged communist, was arrested within the premises of the university for his involvement in the killing of US Army Col. James Nicholas Rowe on April 21, 1989. Ramos signed the agreement, effectively succeeding the 1981 Soto–Enrile accord. The agreement was made to ensure the academic freedom of UP's students and prevent state officials from interfering with students' protests. State officials intending to conduct an operation inside a UP campus shall give prior notification to the UP administration except in the event of pursuit or any other emergencies. UP officials shall assist law enforcers within UP premises and endeavour to strengthen its security, police, and fire-fighting capabilities without being exploited unlawfully. State officials shall not interfere with any peaceful protest conducted by the UP's constituents within the university's premises. Search and arrest warrants for students, faculty members, and employees shall be given after prior notification is sent to the UP administration. The arrest and detention of any UP student, faculty, or employee in the Philippines shall be reported immediately by the authorities in charge to the UP administration. On January 18, 2021, Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana and his office announced to the public the unilateral termination of the agreement citing that the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its armed wing, New People's Army (NPA), both tagged as terrorist organizations by the Anti-Terrorism Council, have been recruiting members inside the university and called it a ""hindrance in providing effective security, safety, and welfare of the students, faculty, and employees of UP."" The DND notified the termination of the agreement to UP three days earlier. The Armed Forces of the Philippines chairman of the joint chiefs Gilbert Gapay claimed that at least 18 students of the university recruited by the NPA had been killed so far in clashes with the military, according to their records. A similar agreement between the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) and the DND signed in 1990 is also being advocated for termination by Duterte Youth Representative Ducielle Cardema. President Rodrigo Duterte supported the DND's decision to abolish the agreement, according to a statement by Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque. In an interview with CNN Philippines, Roque, a former UP law professor and human rights lawyer, replied to a tweet from UP professor Danilo Arao that questioned his honour and excellence, saying that he had already asked the defence secretary and the UP president to settle down. Vice President Leni Robredo, on the other hand, denounced the decision and said that the decision was meant to silence the administration's critics. On January 20, Senators Joel Villanueva, Sonny Angara, Nancy Binay, and Grace Poe filed a bill in the Senate to institutionalize the accord into Republic Act No. 9005, or the University of the Philippines Charter of 2008. Several lawmakers from both branches of Congress have also expressed their concerns and disagreements with the DND's decision. UP President Danilo Concepcion said that the termination of the agreement was ""unnecessary and unwarranted"" and was made without consulting the UP administration. Meanwhile, UP Student Regent Renee Co called the decision ""one of the [government's] worst attempts at destroying the institutional safeguards that UP students have fought to put in their struggle for their democratic rights.""",information_extraction How many windows does the building have based on the provided paragraph?,"The main entrance on the west side of the building faces North 14th Avenue. The building is fronted by a concrete porch with three steps leading to louvered double doors surrounded by windows. Panels of five lights each flank the doors, and above it a seven panel fanlight frames a sign with the club's name. Gabled returns supported by pilasters and a pair of Tuscan columns show a neoclassical architectural influence. Two four-light windows with green shutters are centered on either side of the door. Each of the windows has green two-panel shutters with cutouts of a full moon on top and a crescent moon on the bottom. The north and south side have four windows each, and the back of the building has three. The building is painted white and sheathed in clapboard except the four bottom courses covered with asbestos shingles. The porches and roof are green.","There are a total of 13 windows. The side of the house with the entrance has two four-light windows, the north and south side have four windows each, and the back of the building has three. Therefore, in total, the house has 2 + 4 + 4 + 3 windows or 13 windows.",closed_qa "What was the ""X.Y.Z. fever""?","The XYZ Affair was a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the presidency of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France that led to the Quasi-War. The name derives from the substitution of the letters X, Y, and Z for the names of French diplomats Jean-Conrad Hottinguer (X), Pierre Bellamy (Y), and Lucien Hauteval (Z) in documents released by the Adams administration.","The ""X.Y.Z. fevor"" is a reference to a diplomatic incident that occurred during the administration of the second President of the United Status, John Adams. Adams sent a diplomatic delegation to France to negotiate a resolution of issues that were threatening to lead to war. The French foreign minister, Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (Talleyrand) demanded a bribe and a loan to begin the negotiations. President Adams refused Tallyrand's request and reported the solicitation to Congress. The Senate printed President Adam's report which referred to the three French diplomats involved, Jean-Conrad Hottinguer, Pierre Bellamy, and Lucien Hauteval as ""X,Y, and Z"" respectively. The populace supported Adams decision to refuse Tallyrand's bribe request. Vice-President Thomas Jefferson referred to the outpouring of support for Adam's political party that followed as ""X.Y.Z. fevor"".",closed_qa Why is cold water coming out of my water heater?,,"If your gas water heater is not working, first check to see if: - Is the water heater leaking? If so, turn off the water and gas to the heater, and contact a plumber to replace the heater. - Do you smell gas around your heater? If so, you likely have a gas leak--turn off the gas line to the heater and contact a plumber to replace the heater. If neither of these are issues, check to see if the pilot light for you heater is lit. This is likely hidden behind a panel or door on the bottom of the front of the heater. If the pilot light is not lit, follow the instructions to try re-lighting it. If the pilot light does not light or continues to go out after heating the water, the thermal coupling on the water heater likely needs to be replaced. Contact a plumber to have this replaced. Generally speaking, traditional tank-based, gas water heaters have a lifetime of 10-15 years. If the age water heater is within this range, you may want to prepare for replacing the water heater soon.",open_qa what is the most talented NBA basketball team of all time?,,"The 2017-2018 Golden State Warriors are widely considered the most talented NBA basketball team of all time. With the addition of Kevin Durant to a roster that already included all-stars Stephen Curry, Klay Thompson, and Draymond Green, the Warriors had the most talented team in the league. This team went on to win the NBA title.",brainstorming Which Taylor Jenkins Reid books have been made into a production (movie or TV)?,,One True Loves is being made into a movie. Daisy Jones & The Six just came out on Amazon Video as a television adaptation. The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo is being made into a movie. Malibu Rising is being made into a television adaptation.,classification "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Ahenk, Arghul",,"Arghul is woodwind, Ahenk is string.",classification "Tell me which of these are served hot or cold: soup, ice cream, potato salad, mashed potatoes, cake, cheese platter",,"Soup and mashed potatoes are both served hot. Ice cream, potato salad, cake, and cheese platters are all served cold",classification "Extract the names of the playable characters in Street Fighter II from the passage, and list them out separated by a comma.","Characters The original Street Fighter II features a roster of eight playable World Warriors. This includes Ryu and Ken—the main protagonists from Street Fighter—plus six new international newcomers. In the single-player tournament, the player fights the other seven main fighters, then the final opponents—a group of four CPU-only opponents known as the Grand Masters, which includes Sagat from Street Fighter. Playable characters: Ryu, a Japanese martial artist seeking no fame or even the crown of ""champion"", but only to hone his Shotokan Karate skills with the inner power of Chi, he dedicates his life to perfect his own potential while abandoning everything else in life such as having no family, and few friends, his only bond is with Ken. He is the winner of the previous tournament. He is not convinced that he is the greatest fighter in the world and comes to this tournament in search of fresh competition. E. Honda, a sumo wrestler from Japan. He aims to improve the negative reputation of sumo wrestling by proving competitors to be legitimate athletes. Blanka, a beast-like mutant from Brazil who was raised in the jungle. He enters the tournament to uncover more origins about his forgotten past. Guile, a former United States Air Force special forces operative seeking to defeat M. Bison, who killed his best friend Charlie. Ken, Ryu's best friend, greatest rival and former training partner, from the United States. Ryu's personal challenge rekindled Ken's fighting spirit and persuaded him to enter the World Warrior tournament, as well as feeling lackadaisical in his fighting potential due to spending too much time with his fiancée. Chun-Li, a Chinese martial artist who works as an Interpol officer. Much like Guile, she does not enter the World Warrior tournament for any personal glory except proving that she can defeat any man who challenges her. Chun-Li's ambition in the past was tracking down the movements of the smuggling operation known as Shadaloo. Her goal now is her trail being led to the tournament by seeking to avenge her deceased father by holding the Grand Master's leader of the crime syndicate responsible. Zangief, a professional wrestler and sambo fighter from the Soviet Union. He aims to prove ""Soviet Strength"" is the strongest form of strength, particularly by defeating American opponents with his bare hands. Dhalsim, a fire-breathing yoga master from India. Even though he is a pacifist, he uses the money earned from fighting in order to lift people out of poverty. CPU-exclusive characters, in the order of appearance: Balrog, an American boxer with a similar appearance to Mike Tyson. Called M. Bison in Japan. Once one of the world's greatest heavyweight boxers, he began working for Shadaloo for easy money. Vega, a Spanish bullfighter who wields a claw and uses a unique style of ninjutsu. Called Balrog in Japan. He is vain and wishes to eliminate ugly people from the world. Sagat, a Muay Thai kickboxer from Thailand and former World Warrior champion from the original Street Fighter. He was once known as The King of Street Fighters until he got demoted as The King of Muai Thai in his own tournament due to a narrow defeat at the hands of Ryu's shoryuken (rising dragon punch) which left a deep gash across his chest. Ever since that moment he felt disgrace, and will do anything to have a grudge match with Ryu to get his title back, even if it takes joining forces with Shadaloo. M. Bison, the leader of the criminal organization Shadaloo, who uses a mysterious power known as Psycho Power, and the final opponent of the game. Called Vega in Japan.","Ryu, E. Honda, Blanka, Guile, Ken, Chu-Li, Zangief, Dhalsim",information_extraction Provide a dot point list of six different games I can play with a pack of cards.,,"Here are six games that you could play with a standard deck of playing cards: - Poker - Bridge - Snap - Blackjack - Hearts - Canasta",brainstorming "Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Namibia or Yemen. Sanaa, Ta‘izz, Windhoek, Rundu, Oshakati, Al Ḩudaydah",,"Namibia - Windhoek, Rundu, Oshakati Yemen - Sanaa, Ta‘izz, Al Ḩudaydah",classification "Out of these animals, categorize them as either 'small' or 'large: A horse, a mouse, an elephant, a snake, and a whale.",,"The horse, elephant, and whale would all be categorized as large animals in this example. A snake and a mouse are much smaller by comparison, so these would be considered small animals.",classification "Classify the names based on whether they start with ’N’ or ‘M’ Nancy, Mandi, Michelle, Mark, Naomi, Nick",,"Names starting with ’M’ - Mandi, Michelle, Mark Names starting with ’N’ - Nancy, Naomi, Nick",classification How many maharatna companies are there in India?,,"11(eleven), the 11th is Power Finance Corporation",open_qa Give me a bulleted list of the first ten MacOS (operating system) versions.,,"1. Mac OS X 10.0 (Cheetah) 2. Mac OS X 10.1 (Puma) 3. Mac OS X 10.2 (Jaguar) 4. Mac OS X 10.3 (Panther) 5. Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger) 6. Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) 7. Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard) 8. Mac OS X 10.7 (Lion) 9. OS X 10.8 (Mountain Lion) 10. OS X 10.9 (Mavericks)",brainstorming Give me a list of all the office main and recurring characters from the first season.,,"The main and recurring characters in the show The Office in the first season were Michael Scott, Dwight Schrute, Jim Halpert, Pam Beesly, Ryan Howard, Jan Levinson-Gould, Roy Anderson, Stanley Hudson, Kevin Malone, Creed Bratton, Meridith Palmer, Kelly Kapoor, Angela Martin, Toby Flenderson, Oscar Martinez, Darryl Philbin, Phyllis Lapin, and Devon White.",brainstorming Who are some notable guests on Between Two Ferns?,,"Between Two Ferns, a show where Zach Galifianakis conducts awkward interviews with famous celebrities and public figures, has seen many notable guests. These include Michael Cera, Conan O'Brien, Will Ferrell, President Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton, and Paul Rudd.",brainstorming "Given this text about Heracles' twelve labors, construct a list of characters that either help him in his quest, how, and why.","1. Slay the Nemean Lion Heracles defeated a lion that was attacking the city of Nemea with his bare hands. After he succeeded he wore the skin as a cloak to demonstrate his power over the opponent he had defeated. 2. Slay the nine-headed Lernaean Hydra A fire-breathing monster with multiple serpent heads. When one head was cut off, two would grow in its place. It lived in a swamp near Lerna. Hera had sent it in hope it would destroy Heracles' home city because she thought it was invincible. With help from his nephew Iolaus, he defeated the monster and dipped his arrows in its poisoned blood, thus envenomizing them. 3. Capture the Golden Hind of Artemis Not to kill, but to catch, this hind that was sacred to Artemis. A different, but still difficult, task for a hero. It cost time but, having chased it for a year, Heracles wore out the Hind. Artemis intervened, but as soon as Heracles explained the situation to her, she allowed him to take it, and he presented it alive to Eurystheus. 4. Capture the Erymanthian Boar A fearsome marauding boar on the loose. Eurystheus set Heracles the Labour of catching it, and bringing it to Mycenae. Again, a time-consuming task, but the tireless hero found the beast, captured it, and brought it to its final spot. Patience is the heroic quality in the third and fourth Labours. 5. Clean the Augean stables in a single day The Augean stables were the home of 3,000 cattle with poisoned faeces which Augeas had been given by his father Helios. Heracles was given the near impossible task of cleaning the stables of the diseased faeces. He accomplished it by digging ditches on both sides of the stables, moving them into the ditches, and then diverting the rivers Alpheios and Pineios to wash the ditches clean. 6. Slay the Stymphalian Birds These aggressive man-eating birds were terrorizing a forest near Lake Stymphalia in northern Arcadia. Heracles scared them with a rattle given to him by Athena, to frighten them into flight away from the forest, allowing him to shoot many of them with his bow and arrow and bring back this proof of his success to Eurystheus. 7. Capture the Cretan Bull The harmful bull, father of the Minotaur, was laying waste to the lands round Knossos on Crete. It embodied the rage of Poseidon at having his gift (the Bull) to Minos diverted from the intention to sacrifice it to himself. Heracles captured it, and carried it on his shoulders to Eurystheus in Tiryns. Eurystheus released it, when it wandered to Marathon which it then terrorized, until killed by Theseus. 8. Steal the Mares of Diomedes Stealing the horses from Diomedes' stables that had been trained by their owner to feed on human flesh was his next challenge. Heracles' task was to capture them and hand them over to Eurystheus. He accomplished this task by feeding King Diomedes to the animals before binding their mouths shut. 9. Obtain the girdle of Hippolyta, Queen of the Amazons Hippolyta was an Amazon queen and she had a girdle given to her by her father Ares. Heracles had to retrieve the girdle and return it to Eurystheus. He and his band of companions received a rough welcome because, ordered by Hera, the Amazons were supposed to attack them; however, against all odds, Heracles completed the task and secured the girdle for Eurystheus. 10. Obtain the cattle of the monster Geryon The next challenge was to capture the herd guarded by a two-headed dog called Orthrus, which belonged to Geryon; a giant with three heads and six arms who lived in Erytheia. While travelling to Erytheia, he passed through the Libyan desert and was so annoyed by the heat he shot an arrow at Helios, the sun. Helios, impressed, lent him his giant cup which Heracles used to find Orthrus, the herdsman Erytion and the owner, Geryon. He killed the first two with his club and the third with a poisoned arrow. Heracles then herded the cattle and, with difficulty, took them to Eurystheus. 11. Steal the golden apples of the Hesperides Hercules stealing the golden apples from the Garden of the Hesperides These sacred fruits were protected by Hera who had set Ladon, a fearsome hundred-headed dragon as the guardian. Heracles had to first find where the garden was; he asked Nereus for help. He came across Prometheus on his journey. Heracles shot the eagle eating at his liver, and in return he helped Heracles with knowledge that his brother would know where the garden was. His brother Atlas offered him help with the apples if he would hold up the heavens while he was gone. Atlas tricked him and did not return. Heracles returned the trickery and managed to get Atlas taking the burden of the heavens once again, and returned the apples to Mycenae. 12. Capture and bring back Cerberus His last labour and undoubtedly the riskiest. Eurystheus was so frustrated that Heracles was completing all the tasks that he had given him that he imposed one he believed to be impossible: Heracles had to go down into the underworld of Hades and capture the ferocious three-headed dog Cerberus who guarded the gates. He used the souls to help convince Hades to hand over the dog. He agreed to give him the dog if he used no weapons to obtain him. Heracles succeeded and took the creature back to Mycenae, causing Eurystheus to be fearful of the power and strength of this hero.","- Iolaus, who helps him kill the Lernaean Hydra, since he is his nephew - Artemis, who allows him to take the Golden Hind, after Heracles explains his situation - Prometheus, who tells him that his brother Atlas knows the location of the garden of the Hesperides, in return for being saved by Heracles",information_extraction "Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: Mini, RAM",,"RAM is American, Mini is British",classification What is 2023 World Baseball Classic?,,"The 2023 World Baseball Classic (WBC) was an international professional baseball tournament and the fifth iteration of the World Baseball Classic. It began on March 8, 2023 and ran until March 21. It was originally scheduled to take place in 2021, four years after the previous event, but was canceled in May 2020, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was later announced that qualifications for the Classic would start in September 2022, as agreed by Major League Baseball (MLB) and the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA). The tournament expanded from 16 to 20 national teams, with all teams that participated in the 2017 edition automatically qualifying, plus four additional spots. Unlike in 2009, 2013 and 2017, the U.S. lineup attracted some distinguished players and attracted much hype for the tournament. Japan won their record-extending third title after defeating defending champions United States 3–2 in the championship game, becoming the second team since the Dominican Republic in the 2013 World Baseball Classic to win the WBC with an undefeated record. Shohei Ohtani was named the World Baseball Classic Most Valuable Player.",open_qa "Which is a disease? Asthma, Depression, Cancer, AIDS, Schizophrenia, Tuberculosis, PTSD",,"According to wikipedia, a disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism and a disorder is a functional abnormality or disturbance. Based on the above list the following are diseases: Asthma, Cancer, AIDS, Tuberculosis.",classification Why do the Dutch wear Orange?,,"The Dutch wear orange NOT because their flag is orange (the Dutch flag is actually red, white and blue). However, the first Kind of the Netherlands was William of Orange (Willem van Oranje), who come from the House of Orange-Naussau; one of the most influential royal house in Europe in the 16th and 17th century. Originally this house started in the Principality of Orange (France). This principality was named after a previous Roman-Celtic Settlement (Arausio) - but it was also know for being on the route where oranges came into the country. The family of the Prince of Orange officially adopted the name and the colour orange in 1570. After the Eighty Years' War (1568-1648) against the French, the Dutch became independent first as a republic. In 1815, the Netherlands became a monarchy under the House of Orange-Naussau.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Octofone, Suona",,"Octofone is string, Suona is woodwind.",classification In which movie or plot the character vedimuthu was established,"London is a 2005 Indian Tamil-language comedy-drama film written by Badri and directed by Sundar C. Bhaskaran hides the money before getting arrested, and the place is known only to his lawyer Vedimuthu. Aishwarya pretends to be in love with Vedimuthu to find where the money is hidden.",Vedimuthu character was potrayed by Vadivelu and become famous for his comic potrayal of act of love with mistress Aishwarya (potrayed by mumtaz) and getting caught in the act to his wife Baby(potrayed by Nalini).,closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Paila criolla, Topshur",,"Topshur is string, Paila criolla is percussion.",classification Is it wrong to split the infinitive?,,"First, let's establish the meaning of a split infinitive. In simple terms the infinitive is the grammatical construct in which a verb is preceded by the word 'to': hence, 'to walk', 'to talk', 'to reason'. As a side-note, it's probably worth exploring whether the 'verbification' of nouns is a good thing: personally, I take issue with this and feel that examples such as 'to medal', meaning 'to win a medal at a sporting event', should never have been visited on the English language. But that's another discussion entirely. Returning to the infinitive, the split occurs when another word (usually an adverb) is placed between the word 'to' and its corresponding verb. Probably the most famous split infinitive occurs in the opening sequence of every episode of the classic and original TV show, Star Trek, with the lines: ""Space: The final frontier These are the voyages of the Starship, Enterprise; Its five year mission: to explore strange new worlds; to seek out new life and new civilizations; to boldly go where no man has gone before."" Note that final line: 'to boldly go'. Never has an infinitive been split so boldly before or since. Those who are grammatical pedants will have shuddered at this every time (and probably ended up preferring Star Wars to Star Trek as a consequence) but through those original seventy-nine episodes and their many repeat showings, the split infinitive has subtly embedded itself in our lexicon. So, to return to the question, is it wrong to split the infinitive? Since language is constantly evolving, influenced by the whims and practices of each generation, the answer must be 'no'. On the whole sentences tend to flow more freely and with greater elan if infinitives aren't split and pesky adverbs are kept in their place either before or after ('to go boldly' or 'boldly to go') but sometimes one has to admit that splitting works, and we should be thankful for the colour that brings to the language we hear daily. Who nowadays wouldn't want to boldly go?",open_qa "Create a 5 day itinerary for a trip to Japan. Include visits to famous locations in Japan, and include a day-by-day breakdown of some activities to do and sites to visit.",,"Day 1: Arrive at Osaka, in the center of Japan's main Honshu island, and home to a bustling nightlife and many food options. In the morning, visit Osaka castle in the heart of the city, to experience the history of Japan's Edo period. In the afternoon, you can visit either Osaka aquarium Kaiyukan, once the largest aquarium in the world, or get tickets to go to Universal Studios Osaka, which has many themed attractions. At night, pay a visit to Dotonbori, Osaka's famous food alley with a variety of small bites and restaurants. Day 2: Visit Kyoto, Japan's cultural center and former capital. In the morning, visit the Fushimi Inari-taisha shrine, famous worldwide for its orange gates and trail that span almost 4 km. After the visit, explore the old town at the base of the shrine, and head over to Kiyomizu-dera, a famous Buddhist temple which offers stunning views and historical artifacts. In the afternoon and evening, pay a visit to downtown Kyoto, home to department stores and small yet delicious small restaurants. Day 3: Visit Hakone, a famed destination for its hot springs, Mt. Fuji views, and beautiful scenery. Spend some time to visit Lake Ashinoko to see a floating torii gate and expansive views of Mt. Fuji, Japan's tallest peak, visit the sulphur springs where the sulphur cooks chicken eggs so that they become black, then relax in the many hot springs around the region. Hakone is also known for its many ryokans, which are Japanese-style bed and breakfast inns often paired with hot spring onsens. Day 4-5: Spend the last two days in Tokyo, the heart of Japan and the most populated metropolitan area in the world. Tokyo offers many destinations, including the nightlife-heavy districts of Shinjuku and Roppongi, the shopping and fashion centers of Ginza and Harajuku, to the quirky and anime-filled area of Akihabara. Some famous attractions to hit in the city include the Senso-ji temple, Ueno park, Tokyo Skytree, Shibuya crossing, Tsukiji market, and the Imperial Palace.",creative_writing Do I need to make my bed everyday?,,"Making your bed everyday is very important for a number of reasons. It will help keep bed bugs at bay. When dust mites get exposed to light they also die. When you do not make your bed or spread out your bed linens it creates areas on the bed where warmth and moisture can occur, and this is a great place where bed bugs and dust mites can thrive.",open_qa What are some good mystery/suspense novels?,,"Hardy Boys Agatha Christie Sherlock Holmes Tintin Nancy Drew Famous Five",brainstorming "Tell me if these are toppings for pizza: pepperoni, cheese, sausage, peppers, onions, bacon, mushrooms, pineapple",,"When it comes to pizza toppings, there are some long and fast rules. Meats are universally accepted to pepperoni, sausage, and bacon are confirmed toppings for pizza. Vegetables are also universally accepted as pizza toppings While personal tastes in vegetables vary and not everyone enjoys mushrooms, the fitment is unquestioned. Pineapple is likely the most controversial topic when it comes to pizza toppings and whether it applies.",classification Why might I want to stay at home on a Friday night?,,"- You're feeling under the weather - The weather outside is stormy and dangerous - All your friends are busy and can't hang out with you - There's nothing fun going on - It's too crowded out there - You need to binge watch the latest show",brainstorming "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Superman, Thor",,"Thor is Marvel, Superman is DC",classification What is the largest lake in Switzerland?,,"The largest lake in Switzerland with an area of 218 km2 is Lake Neuchâtel. Lake Geneva is the largest freshwater lake in Central Europe, but is divided between Switzerland and France.",open_qa "Tell me whether these are items used for caring for a baby or a dog: crate, diaper, leash, swaddle, and chew toy.",,"The diaper and swaddle are for a baby, and the crate and leash are for a dog. Both babies and dogs use chew toys.",classification Give me a list of Premier League winners in the last 5 years with corresponding points.,,"2021-2022: Manchester City, 93 2020-2021: Manchester City, 86 2019-2020: Liverpool, 99 2018-2019: Manchester City, 98 2017-2018: Manchester City, 100",brainstorming Name the Chinese satellite launched for Mars which failed?,,Yinghuo-1 was the Chinese satellite that failed the launch for Mars,open_qa "Classify the below devices based on the brand which manufactures them. iPhone, iPad, MacBook, Pixel watch, Galaxy phone",,"iPhone, iPad, MacBook - Apple Pixel watch - Google Galaxy phone - Samsung",classification Give me a list of recommendations to quickly heal from an achilles rupture surgery.,,"Get plenty of rest Stay off the injured leg Keep the foot elevated above the heart Take medication to keep inflammation down Ice the area to reduce swelling Brace the ankle and foot, and point the toe down in a plantar flexion position",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Mirwas, Esraj",,"Esraj is string, Mirwas is percussion.",classification "Which of these teams play in the National Rugby League (NRL) or the Australian Football League (AFL)? Sydney Swans, Penrith Panthers, South Sydney Rabbitohs, Brisbane Lions, Brisbane Broncos, Manly Sea Eagles & Fremantle Dockers",,"NRL teams: Penrith Panthers, South Sydney Rabbitohs, Brisbane Broncos, Manly Sea Eagles AFL teams: Sydney Swans, Brisbane Lions, Fremantle Dockers",classification What are some of the best Sports Movies of all time?,,"1) Hoosiers 2) Rocky 3) Any Given Sunday 4) Miracle 5) Remember the Titans 6) Hoop Dreams 7) Raging Bull 8) Friday Night Lights 9) The Natural 10) Chariots of Fire",open_qa "Classify each of the words as singular or plural: lions, bee, door, fence, ocean, lakes, people",,"Lions: Plural Bee: Singular Door: Singular Fence: Singular Ocean: Singular Lakes: Plural People: Plural",classification "What was the hit single on Nek's 1996 Album Lei, gli amici e tutto il resto?","Lei, gli amici e tutto il resto (She, friends and everything else), is the fourth studio album by Italian singer-songwriter Nek. It was released in 1996, as his first studio album with Warner Music Group. It was re-released on 1 March 1997, after the success of the single ""Laura non c'è"", which had not been included in the album. Since 1999 there have been reported sales of over 2 million copies all over the world.","Laura non c'è"" was the hit single, but wasn't added until the album was released in 1997.",closed_qa "Are these cities or countries: Tokyo, Riyadh, Florence, Monteverde, Nafplio",,cities,classification "Classify each of the following universities as being in the ACC or SEC: Ole Miss, LSU, FSU, Clemson, UGA, Miami",,"Ole Miss: SEC LSU: SEC FSU: ACC Clemson: ACC UGA: SEC Miami: ACC",classification What are some tools to help combat ADD and ADHD?,,"Daily exercise, getting sufficient sleep, reducing sugar, meditation, creating lists, color coding files, using highlighters for reading",brainstorming Which is a species of fish? Cisco or Palo Alto,,Cisco,classification What is the difference between NumPy and pandas?,,Pandas is mostly used for data analysis tasks in Python. NumPy is mostly used for working with numerical values as it makes it easy to apply mathematical functions.,open_qa Give me a list of the best movies I've never seen.,,"I would definitely recommend to watch Lord of the Rings. It is a great fantasy movie about friendship and how in the end, the good always prevails. The scale and grandeur, also the cast of the movie was superb. Any film where Tom Hanks is in the lead role should also be watched, as an actor he is simply amazing, and comes across so natural and convincing. If you like action movies, I can heartily recommend all the James Bond movies with Daniel Craig in the lead role. The cinematography, tension, music all play together so well. Speaking of cinematography, one would be amiss to not watch the latest movies of David Villeneuve, for example Inception or Dune. Timothee Chalamais, who is leading role in Dune, also did a great performance in 'The King' - if you liked the character in Dune for example. Other movies would be Interstellar, a great Sci-Fi movie, the Hunger Games trilogy and so many more.",brainstorming Write a short poem about the relevance of AI in the workplace in the style of Edgar Allan Poe's The Raven.,,"Once upon a work night late, as I laboured, pondered, flailed, Over such an email that management might adore — While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of something gently rapping, rapping in my browser's core. ""'Tis the little AI helper, tapping in my browsers core— Volunteering to do my chore.""",creative_writing Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description},"Daniel Leavitt was born November 16, 1813, at Rye, New Hampshire, the son of Benning Leavitt, influential businessman, state senator, county commissioner and later Chicopee Selectman, and his wife Olive (Jenness) Leavitt. Daniel Leavitt married in 1838 at West Springfield, Massachusetts, Ruth Jeannette Ball. They had three children.","• November 16, 1813 - This is when Daniel Leavitt was born • 1838 - This is when Daniel Leavitt married his wife Ruth Jeannette Ball.",information_extraction Who won the 2022 SEC softball Season?,"The 2022 SEC softball season began play Thursday, February 10, and conference play began on Thursday, March 11. The 2022 Southeastern Conference softball tournament was May 10-14 at Katie Seashole Pressly Softball Stadium in Gainesville, Florida. Arkansas played Missouri in the tournament final, winning by a score of 4–0. Vanderbilt University is the only full member of the Southeastern Conference to not sponsor a softball program.",Arkansas won the SEC softball season beating Missouri by 4-0.,summarization How is it that some high net-worth individuals are able to avoid paying taxes completely?,,"The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) taxes regular income and investment income differently. For one type of common investment income i.e long term capital gains, the tax rates are 0%, 15% and 20% based on the annual income of the individual. The income used for calculating the above rates doesn't include income from the long term capital gains itself. For example, if an individual makes less than $41,675 for the year 2022 through regular income, his or her capital gains tax rate would be 0% even if the long term capital gains itself is more than a million dollars. Assuming many of these high net-worth individuals don't have any regular income and all their income is through long term capital gains, they end up paying no taxes at all.",open_qa How is it that some high net-worth individuals are able to avoid paying taxes completely?,,"The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) taxes regular income and investment income differently. For one type of common investment income i.e long term capital gains, the tax rates are 0%, 15% and 20% based on the annual income of the individual. The income used for calculating the above rates doesn't include income from the long term capital gains itself. For example, if an individual makes less than $41,675 for the year 2022 through regular income, his or her capital gains tax rate would be 0% even if the long term capital gains itself is more than a million dollars. Assuming many of these high net-worth individuals don't have any regular income and all their income is through long term capital gains, they end up paying no taxes at all.",open_qa "Classify each of the following as cold or hot: snow, fire, refrigerator, lava, stove top, freezer",,"Snow: Cold Fire: Hot Refrigerator: Cold Lava: Hot Stove Top: Hot Freezer: Cold",classification List five titles by Margaret Atwood.,,"The Handmaid's Tale, The Testaments, The Edible Woman, Oryx and Crake, The Year of the Flood",open_qa What is the name of Frankenstein's monster?,,"Contrary to what many people think, the monster is not named Frankenstein. Dr. Frankenstein is the name of the scientist who created the monster in Mary Shelley's 1818 novel, ""Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus."" The monster does not have a name and is simply referred to as ""the Creature.""",open_qa Earnst & Young Entrepreneur of the year awards 2021 was given to whom,,Falguni Nayar(founder and CEO of Nykaa),open_qa "Who are the known members of the student group named Dumbledor's Army, from the Harry Potter book series.",,"The known list of students in Dumbledor's Army is as follows: Harry Potter (leader and teacher) Ron Weasley (co-founder) Hermione Granger (co-founder) Neville Longbottom (Leader) Ginny Weasley (Leader) Luna Lovegood (Leader) Angelina Johnson Alice Tolipan Alicia Spinnet Anthony Goldstein Cho Chang Colin Creevey Cormac McLaggen Dean Thomas Dennis Creevey Ernie Macmillan Fred Weasley George Weasley Hannah Abbott Justin Finch-Fletchley Katie Bell Lavender Brown Leanne Lee Jordan Luca Caruso Maisy Reynolds Marietta Edgecombe Michael Corner Nigel Wolpert Padma Patil Parvati Patil Romilda Vane Seamus Finnigan Susan Bones Terry Boot Zacharias Smith",brainstorming "Tell me whether each person is a basketball or hockey player: Lebron James, Steven Stamkos, Victor Hedman, Tyler Johnson, Kobe Bryant, Carmelo Anthony",,"Lebron James: Basketball Player Steven Stamkos: Hockey Player Victor Hedman: Hockey Player Tyler Johnson: Hockey Player Kobe Bryant: Basketball Player Carmelo Anthony: Basketball Player",classification Give me a list of Shakespeare's plays,,"- Hamlet - Romeo and Juliet - King Lear - Othello - Titus Andronicus - Love's Labour's Lost - Twelfth Night - A Midsummer Night's Dream - A Winter's Tale - The Tempest - Troilus and Cressida - Pericles - Antony and Cleopatra - All's Well That End's Well - The Merchant of Venice - Henry IV Part 1 - Henry IV Part 2 - Henry V - Henry VI Part 1 - Henry VI Part 2 - Henry VI Part 3 - Henry VIII - Richard II - Richard III - King John - Julius Caesar - As You Like It - Macbeth - The Merry Wives of Windsor - Two Gentlemen of Verona - The Taming of the Shrew - Coriolanus - Timon of Athens - Much Ado About Nothing - Cymbeline - The Comedy of Errors - Two Noble Kinsmen - Measure for Measure",brainstorming How long did dinosaurs rule earth?,"Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles[note 1] of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 245 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is a subject of active research. They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201.3 mya and their dominance continued throughout the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The fossil record shows that birds are feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from earlier theropods during the Late Jurassic epoch, and are the only dinosaur lineage known to have survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event approximately 66 mya. Dinosaurs can therefore be divided into avian dinosaurs—birds—and the extinct non-avian dinosaurs, which are all dinosaurs other than birds.",Dinosaurs were the dominant terrestrial species on earth for about 135.3 million years.,information_extraction Why is the most of the world's land is north of the equator?,,"It just happened to be the way at the moment. Believe it or not, the earth's continents are slowly moving. Around 300 million years ago, our planet had one big mass of land called Pangaea. It was mainly south of the equator. In another 200 million years, things will look different again.",open_qa "classify the following spending items as either grocery, entertainment, food & drink, travel, bills: caltrain, train, nijiya market, dinner, internet bill, plane, boba, bar",,"bar should be food & drink, boba should be food & drink, plane should be travel, dinner should be food & drink, nijiya market should be grocery, caltrain should be travel",classification Did David Petrarca direct any episodes in the second season of Game of Thrones?,,"Yes, David Petrarca directed two episodes of the second season of Game of Thrones: Garden of Bones and The Ghost of Harrenhal.",open_qa Imagine you are the last person on Earth. Write a diary entry describing your thoughts and feelings.,,"Dear diary, you have been a faithful companion to me, all this while, the only true friend I have. Or, may, I say, the only witness to my thoughts - because there is no one else. Yes, I am the only person around in this world. Does this make me happy or sad, you ask? I am conflicted, to be honest. As an introvert, I always wanted solitude and peace. The ability to be myself, to not just think my own thoughts but act like no one was watching. And yet, now, when I really can do this (believe me, no one is watching me, or even the security tapes!), I long for a voice to hear and for someone to talk back to me, see me act stupid or act out my weirdest thoughts, and in general just listen to me. But, there is no one. And this scares me, as well. Why am I writing this down, when I rarely, if ever, read you back? It is, probably, with a hidden hope that someone some day will read it and understand my thoughts and ideas without judgement. If no one ever will read it, because there is no human left on planet Earth, why am I writing this even? I always read (and scoffed at) the books telling me ""Man is a social animal"" - I felt they did not refer or apply to me me. And now, dear friend, I have realised a little too late in life that it wasn't the books that did not recognise me. Rather, it was I who didn't understand myself. Farewell and adieu!",creative_writing What were the reasons for Enzo Ferrari to leave Alfa Romeo and start his own auto company?,,"In 1937 Enzo Ferrari quit Alfa-Romeo under agreement that he could not race or design anything under his name for four years. During World War II, Ferrari's company was forced to undertake war production for Mussolini's fascist government, thus supplying auto parts for the Italian military.",open_qa "Tell me whether these are food or drink: juice, hamburger, coke, pizza, hotdog, steak, lemonade, apple cider.",,"Food: hamburger, pizza, hotdog, steak. Drink: juice, coke, pizza, lemonade, apple cider.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Semantron, Saw sam sai",,"Saw sam sai is string, Semantron is percussion.",classification 5 Mistake to avoid in road trip,,"1. Take enough Water 2. Keep some snacks 3. Always carry Knife , may be a pocket one 4. Always take break every 2 and half hours 5. Try to take country road if available",brainstorming "Which is a bird or fish: Redhorse sucker, Red-necked grebe",,"Red-necked grebe is a bird, Redhorse sucker is a fish",classification "Given this paragraph about battles during India Independence day, what was the date when India win the Independence","August 15, 1947","Independence Day is celebrated annually on 15 August as a public holiday in India commemorating the nation's independence from the United Kingdom on 15 August 1947, the day when the provisions of the Indian Independence Act, which transferred legislative sovereignty to the Indian Constituent Assembly, came into effect. India retained King George VI as head of state until its transition to a republic, when the Constitution of India came into effect on 26 January 1950 (celebrated as Indian Republic Day) and replaced the dominion prefix, Dominion of India, with the enactment of the sovereign law Constitution of India. India attained independence following the independence movement noted for largely non-violent resistance and civil disobedience.",closed_qa "Categorize these colors as either warm colors or cool colors: yellow, red, blue, green, white, black.",,"Yellow and red are warm colors, green and blue are cool colors, white and black are neutral colors, considered neither warm nor cool.",classification Imagine you are someone's shadow for a day. Write about your experiences in the present tense.,,"I'm feeling surprised this morning. I feel a little flatter than usual, and a little lighter. To be honest with you, I can't see myself at all. WOW! Someone turned the lights on. I can't see! Wait... I'm on the floor. Why am I on the floor? I'm right behind this man, he's just got out of bed. I don't recognise this room. Ah. I seem to be a shadow. Not what I was hoping for this morning, if I'm being honest. I have a big day at work, and this is going to make things rather more challenging. I'll have to get on with it though, stiff upper lip and all that. I can only hope this my shadow's driver has an interesting plan for the day. It's looking promising so far. They are putting on hiking boots and other outdoor wear. Certainly better than staying inside and playing video games all day. I'd hardly have anything to do at all. Now we need to hope for some good weather. If we're in Norway, there isn't much light at this time of the year. I'd barely even exist. Finally, he's opened the curtains. I've struck gold. We're in the Sierra Nevada mountains in Spain, and it's a clear day. We're outside and we're climbing. This is fun! But scary! I never climbed before in my real body. I wish he would stop sitting down to rest. I don't like being sat on. The view from the summit, it's finally here. It's amazing. Or at least that is what the man says. As a 2 dimensional shadow, I can't really see much. I'm not tall enough.",creative_writing "List some cool places to go visit when you go to Prescott, AZ",,"1. Whisky Row, Downtown Prescott 2. Jerome - copper mines 3. Sedona - Natural Waterslides 4. Off-roading 5. Lynx Lake 6. Watson Lake 7. Gold Water Lake 8. Prescott Camp Grounds 9. Mortimer Farms 10. Tim’s Toyota Center",brainstorming Which is a species of fish? Treefish or Tree,,Treefish,classification Tell me about the first commercial winery in California.,,"The first commercial winery in California was founded in 1857 by Hungarian-American Agoston Haraszthy who is referred to as the ""Father of California Wine"" (this moniker also is applied to Spanish Jesuit missionary, Father Junípero Serra). Haraszthy opened Buena Vista Winery in Sonoma. By 1859, the winery was producing two million gallons of wine a year and one of its most popular products was sparkling wine. The winery faced numerous troubles over the years, such as bankruptcy, a devastating infestation of Grape phylloxera, and Prohibition. The winery was acquired at auction and original vines replanted and reopened in the 1940s. In 1984, the winery estate expanded an additional 1,000 acres after it was purchased by a West German company. The winery continued to change hands and is now under the ownership of Jean-Charles Boisset, who operates over two dozen wineries under his wine group, Boisset Collection. The winery still sits on its original location and has been added to the US National Register of Historic Places and the list of California Historical Landmarks.",open_qa "Based on this passage, what is the average number of people per family in Zangisheh?","Zangisheh (Persian: زنگيشه, also Romanized as Zangīsheh) is a village in Qarah Su Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 153, in 34 families.","I can only tell you what it was in 2006, because this is when the survey data provided is from. The average number of people per family at that time is the population divided by the number of families, or 153 / 34.",closed_qa "Classify each of the following as a city, state, or country: Dallas, Bozeman, Kentucky, Ohio, USA, Canada",,"Dallas: City Bozeman: City Kentucky: State Ohio: State USA: Country Canada: Country",classification "Given this reference text about Jimmy John's, how many Jimmy John's locations are there?","Jimmy John's is an American sandwich chain headquartered in Champaign, Illinois. The business was founded by Jimmy John Liautaud in 1983. After Liautaud graduated from high school, his father gave him a choice to either join the military or start a business. Liautaud, choosing the latter, initially decided to start a hot dog business, but changed to opening a sandwich business due to costs. The Jimmy John's franchise has over 2700 locations, with 98% of them being franchises. in 2016, Roark Capital Group purchased a majority stake in the company. Later, in 2019, Inspire Brands purchased the company from Roark Capital Group for an unspecified amount.",There are currently 2700 locations in the Jimmy John's franchise.,closed_qa My trophy does not fit my suitcase because it is to small. I need to travel. What could I do?,,"- Get a bigger suite case - Don't bring the trophy - Send the trophy in a box",brainstorming What are some guitar brands associated with classic rock?,,"Some guitar brands associated with classic rock include Fender, Gibson, Marshall, Vox, and Rickenbacker.",brainstorming What is the fastest or speediest animal?,,The fastest or speediest animal is the peregrine falcon. The peregrine falcon can achieve speeds of 242 mph (389 km/h) in a dive. However the fastest land animal is the cheetah. The cheetah can achieve speeds of 75 mph (120 km/h),open_qa "Tell me whether the following European languages are in the Indo-European language family or not: Spanish, English, Basque, Finnish, Romanian, Hungarian, and Catalan.",,"Spanish, Romanian, and Catalan are all Indo-European languages classified within the Romance branch of Indo-European languages. English and German are both Indo-European languages classified within the Germanic branch of Indo-European languages. Basque, Finnish, and Hungarian are not Indo-European languages. Basque is a language isolate and is not known to be related to any other living language. Finnish and Hungarian are Uralic languages and are not related to the Indo-European languages.",classification How long is a professional football field.,,A professional football field is 100 yards long.,open_qa Who are some of the most successful golfers in history?,,"Sam Snead, Tiger Woods, and Jack Nicklaus are the most successful golfers of all time with the top three most major championship wins.",open_qa What type of weather is typically associated with the desert?,,The desert is known for being very hot and very dry,open_qa "Given this paragraph about the Last of Us TV Series, who was not cast in the show?","Casting took place virtually through Zoom due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Casting director Victoria Thomas wanted to honor the game without being limited by it. Mazin and Thomas sought high-profile guest stars; Thomas said many of the actors ""don't usually do one-episode guest spots"". On February 10, 2021, Pascal and Ramsey were cast as Joel and Ellie. Earlier that day, it was reported Mahershala Ali was offered the role of Joel after Matthew McConaughey turned it down; The Hollywood Reporter noted Ali ""did circle a role"" in the show, but a deal was never formed. Any actresses considered for Ellie for the canceled film adaptation—such as Maisie Williams and Kaitlyn Dever—had aged out of consideration by the time the series was in production, resulting in a reset of candidates. The producers primarily sought actors who could embody Joel and Ellie individually as well as imitate their relationship.: 14:42  Though both were previously featured on HBO's Game of Thrones, Pascal and Ramsey had not met before the filming of The Last of Us began but found they had instant chemistry, which developed over the course of production.",Matthew McConaughey turned down the role of Joel which was also reportedly offered to and turned down by Mahershala Ali afterwards. Maisie Williams and Kaitlyn Dever were considered for the role of Ellie but aged out of consideration by the time of production.,closed_qa What does the term 'Thala' mean?,,"The term ‘Thala’ addresses the former Indian cricket captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni (MS Dhoni). He is still the captain, playing for Chennai Super Kings (CSK), an IPL franchise. In the Tamil language, ‘Thala’ means head, and it also means ‘Leader’. After M.G.R., Rajinikanth, MS Dhoni is the most favorite person in Tamil Nadu.",brainstorming "Classify the below into cars or SUVs. Mazda CX50, Nissan Altima, Mazda CX5, Toyota Rav4, KIA Sportage, Honda Civic, Hyundai Elantra.",,"SUVs- Mazda CX50, Mazda CX5, Toyota Rav4, KIA Sportage. Cars- Nissan Altima, Honda Civic, Hyundai Elantra.",classification What is one of the main trigger for autism in current generation?,,"The research has found that exposing infants or kids less than Two years of age to 2 hours of screen time every day can trigger autism and other significant developmental delays. To avoid environmental factors which can trigger autism, it is suggested for parents or care givers to interact with kids and socialize them instead of exposing them to screen time. The research also shows the autism rates are high in nuclear family where the usage of gadgets or multimedia is high.",open_qa What are some common items on a charcuterie board?,,"Common items on a charcuterie board include slice cured sausage, pepperoni, goat cheese, manchengo cheese, white cheddar, prosciutto, baby dill pickles, dried apricots, grapes, jam, crackers, and chocolate covered almonds.",brainstorming "Extract a list of notable dates and events in the mentioned text in the format, choosing the earliest year when the text provides a range of dates, and place them in a bullet list: {Year} - {Event}","The first two centuries of the Roman Empire saw a period of unprecedented stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana (lit. 'Roman Peace'). Rome reached its greatest territorial expanse during the reign of Trajan (AD 98–117); a period of increasing trouble and decline began with the reign of Commodus (177–192). In the 3rd century, the Empire underwent a crisis that threatened its existence, as the Gallic and Palmyrene Empires broke away from the Roman state, and a series of short-lived emperors, often from the legions, led the Empire. It was reunified under Aurelian (r. 270–275). To stabilize it, Diocletian set up two different imperial courts in the Greek East and Latin West in 286; Christians rose to positions of power in the 4th century following the Edict of Milan of 313. Shortly after, the Migration Period, involving large invasions by Germanic peoples and by the Huns of Attila, led to the decline of the Western Roman Empire. With the fall of Ravenna to the Germanic Herulians and the deposition of Romulus Augustus in AD 476 by Odoacer, the Western Roman Empire finally collapsed; the Eastern Roman emperor Zeno formally abolished it in AD 480. The Eastern Roman Empire survived for another millennium, until Constantinople fell in 1453 to the Ottoman Turks under Mehmed II.","* 98 - Rome reached it's greatest territorial expanse during the reign of Trajan * 177 - Increasing trouble and decline began with the rain of Commodus * 270 - Rome reunified under Aurelian after Gallic and Palmyrene Empires broke away * 286 - Two imperial courts setup by Diocletian in the Greek East and Latin West * 313 - Edict of Milan led to Christians rising to positions of power * 476 - Deposition of Romulus Augustus by Odoacer following the fall of Ravenena to the Germanic Herulians * 480 - Eastern Roman emperor Zeno formally abolished the Western Roman Empire * 1453 - Eastern Roman Empire fell to the Ottoman Turks",information_extraction Have you heard of Yandovy or Яндовы?,"Yandovy (Russian: Яндовы) is a rural locality (a village) in Mstyora Urban Settlement, Vyaznikovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was one as of 2010. Geography Yandovy is located 16 km northwest of Vyazniki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kostenevo is the nearest rural locality.","Yes, I have. Yandovy or Яндовы is a rural locality (a village) in Mstyora Urban Settlement, Vyaznikovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population of this village was one as of 2010. It is located 16 km northwest of Vyazniki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kostenevo is the nearest rural locality.",closed_qa "Classify each of the following as either a title by Isaac Asimov or Jules Verne: Pebble in the Sky, The Stars, Like Dust, Foundation, The Robots of Dawn, The Naked Sun, Around the World in Eighty Days, From the Earth to the Moon, Martin Paz, Journey to the Centre of the Earth, A Drama in the Air",,"Isaac Asimov: Pebble in the Sky, The Stars, Like Dust, Foundation, The Robots of Dawn, The Naked Sun Jules Verne: Around the World in Eighty Days, From the Earth to the Moon, Martin Paz, Journey to the Centre of the Earth, A Drama in the Air",classification What is Riot Games' single player game that was released in 2021?,,Ruined King: A League of Legends Story,open_qa Give me a summary of 1812 war,"The War of 1812 (18 June 1812 – 17 February 1815) was fought by the United States of America and its indigenous allies against the United Kingdom and its allies in British North America, with limited participation by Spain in Florida. Tensions originated in long-standing differences over territorial expansion in North America and British support for Native American tribes who opposed U.S. colonial settlement in the Northwest Territory.","The War of 1812 (18 June 1812 – 17 February 1815) was fought by the United States of America and its indigenous allies against the United Kingdom and its allies in British North America, with limited participation by Spain in Florida. It began when the United States declared war on 18 June 1812. Although peace terms were agreed upon in the December 1814 Treaty of Ghent, the war did not officially end until the peace treaty was ratified by Congress on 17 February 1815. Tensions originated in long-standing differences over territorial expansion in North America and British support for Native American tribes who opposed U.S. colonial settlement in the Northwest Territory. These escalated in 1807 after the Royal Navy began enforcing tighter restrictions on American trade with France and press-ganged men they claimed as British subjects, even those with American citizenship certificates. Opinion in the U.S. was split on how to respond, and although majorities in both the House and Senate voted for war, they divided along strict party lines, with the Democratic-Republican Party in favour and the Federalist Party against. News of British concessions made in an attempt to avoid war did not reach the U.S. until late July, by which time the conflict was already underway. At sea, the far larger Royal Navy imposed an effective blockade on U.S. maritime trade, while between 1812 to 1814 British regulars and colonial militia defeated a series of American attacks on Upper Canada. This was balanced by the US winning control of the Northwest Territory with victories at Lake Erie and the Thames in 1813. The abdication of Napoleon in early 1814 allowed the British to send additional troops to North America and the Royal Navy to reinforce their blockade, crippling the American economy. In August 1814, negotiations began in Ghent, with both sides wanting peace; the British economy had been severely impacted by the trade embargo, while the Federalists convened the Hartford Convention in December to formalise their opposition to the war. In August 1814, British troops burned Washington, before American victories at Baltimore and Plattsburgh in September ended fighting in the north. Fighting continued in the Southeastern United States, where in late 1813 a civil war had broken out between a Creek faction supported by Spanish and British traders and those backed by the U.S. Supported by U.S. militia under General Andrew Jackson, the U.S.-backed Creeks won a series of victories, culminating in the capture of Pensacola in November 1814. In early 1815, Jackson defeated a British attack on New Orleans, catapulting him to national celebrity and later victory in the 1828 United States presidential election. News of this success arrived in Washington at the same time as that of the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, which essentially restored the position to that prevailing before the war. While Britain insisted this included lands belonging to their Native American allies prior to 1811, as Congress did not recognize them as independent nations, the Americans did not comply with these provisions and the British made no effort to compel them to do so. The Native Americans were subsequently pushed west of the Mississippi River.",summarization What is the correlation between interest rates and bond prices?,,"As interest rates rise, bond prices fall. This is because new bonds are selling at more attractive rates.",open_qa "Which is an imperial or a metric measurement: ton, tonne",,"ton is imperial, tonne is metric",classification What is YARN?,,YARN (“Yet Another Resource Negotiator“) is the Hadoop operating system that enables to manage resources and schedule jobs in Hadoop.,open_qa "Classify each of the following as either a type of plant cell or a type of blood cell: parenchymal, sclerenchymal, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, erythrocytes, collenchymal, platelets, eosinophils.",,"Sure, the following are types of plan cells: parenchymal, sclerenchymal, and collenchymal. The following are types of blood cells: monocytes, meutrophils, basophils, erythrocytes, platelets, and eosinophils.",classification "Using Rene Girard's mimetic theory, which states that mutual desire for a coveted position or object among a group of individuals creates social rivalry and eventual scapegoating, write a short summary about a football team's season.",,"Season Start: Player 1: I am the fastest. I should be the quarterback. Player 2. I am the strongest. I should be the quarterback. Player 3: I am the smartest. I should be the quarterback Player 4. I have the most experience. I should be the quarterback. Tensions grow among the players during tryouts as they vie for the quarterback position   Coach: We want the best players on the field in each position. We only have one quarterback. We need to work as a team to win the championship. We are going with Player 4 as the starter. Season End: The team wins most games but loses in the semi-final despite great effort and superb play from Player 4. However, the entire team is fed up with Player 4.   Coach to Player 4: We are going to move in a new direction next season. We are going with Player 2 and you are no longer on the team. The team rejoices for their problems are ""solved"" with the removal of Player 4. However, in actuality, the team is worse off than before. Scapegoating solves nothing.",creative_writing "For each of these countries, tell whether it lies in the Western Hemisphere, Eastern Hemisphere, or both: Thailand, United Kingdom, Belize, Japan, Algeria",,"Thailand - Eastern United Kingdom - Both Belize - Western Japan - Eastern Algeria - Both",classification How would it feel to be the only person left alive in the US?,,"It’s done. I am the only one left, at least in the US. When it first happened, I was convinced that there must be other pockets of people in the US. I have spent the last five years traveling throughout the country, to large cities, small towns and rural areas and I have not seen or heard any people or any evidence that anyone else survived. After five years the loneliness is crushing. Every day I hope to find another human being – to talk to, to touch, perhaps even beginning to rebuild community together. I vacillate between rage and despair that we were unable to save our planet. We had so much global technology and innovation and yet as climate change grew continuously worse nations were unable to collaborate to find solutions. As more and more locations became uninhabitable due to rising heat and humidity, increasingly frequent and intense natural hazards, and failed crops, we simply let people die. Although I still cannot imagine what I could have done differently, I wish I had done more.",creative_writing What is the difference between pork roll and taylor ham,,"Pork roll and taylor ham are both a processed breakfast meat popular primarily in New Jersey. The primary difference between the two is the geographic location of the person talking about it. They are the same meat, but people from Northern New Jersey call it Taylor Ham. If a person is from Southern or Central New Jersey they will call it Pork roll. Either way it is the same breakfast meat",open_qa "Identify from the following list characters from The X-Files who are bald or balding: Walter Skinner, John Fitzgerald Byers, Dana Scully, Melvin Frohike, Darius Michaud, Peter Watts, Conrad Strughold, Queequeg",,"Walter Skinner, Melvin Frohike, Darius Michaud, Peter Watts, Conrad Strughold",classification What are common metrics used to measure the market value of a company?,,"Common metrics used to measure the market value of a company are: 1. Revenue 2. Free cash flow 3. Net income 4. Revenue growth rate 5. Free cash flow growth rate 6. Operating margin",open_qa What are some achievements of the 137th Division,"The 137th Division (Chinese: 第137师) was created in November 1948 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 26th Division, 9th Column of the Fourth Field Army. Its history could be traced to the 13th Brigade of Jidong Military District formed in November 1945. In the composition of 46th Corps it took part in the Chinese civil war, including the Winter Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China, Liaoshen Campaign, Pingjin Campaign, and Hengbao Campaign. The division was composed of 409th, 410th, and 411th Infantry Regiments. From August 1952 to October 1955 the division was deployed to North Korea as a part of the People's Volunteer Army. In June 1953, 518th Artillery Regiment was activated and attached to the division. In October 1955, the division left North Korea along with the corps HQ and was relocated in Jilin City, Jilin Province. In May 1957, the 410th Regiment was reconstituted into reduced status. In February 1960, the 410th Regiment was reestablished to full strength. In April 1960 the division was redesignated as the 137th Army Division (Chinese: 陆军第137师). The division was then composed of:","The 137th Division was created in November 1948 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 26th Division, 9th Column of the Fourth Field Army. Its history could be traced to the 13th Brigade of Jidong Military District formed in November 1945. In the composition of 46th Corps it took part in the Chinese civil war, including the Winter Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China, Liaoshen Campaign, Pingjin Campaign, and Hengbao Campaign. The division was composed of 409th, 410th, and 411th Infantry Regiments. From August 1952 to October 1955 the division was deployed to North Korea as a part of the People's Volunteer Army. In June 1953, 518th Artillery Regiment was activated and attached to the division. In October 1955, the division left North Korea along with the corps HQ and was relocated in Jilin City, Jilin Province. In May 1957, the 410th Regiment was reconstituted into reduced status. In February 1960, the 410th Regiment was reestablished to full strength. In April 1960 the division was redesignated as the 137th Army Division",summarization "Classify each of the following as amphibian or mammal. Dog, Toad, Salamander, Elephant, Frog, Bear",,"Mammals are Dog, Elephant, Bear. Amphibians are Toad, Salamander, Frog.",classification When was Santa Monica founded?,"Santa Monica (Spanish for 'Saint Monica'; Santa Mónica) is a city in Los Angeles County, situated along Santa Monica Bay on California's South Coast. Santa Monica's 2020 U.S. Census population was 93,076. Santa Monica is a popular resort town, owing to its climate, beaches, and hospitality industry. It has a diverse economy, hosting headquarters of companies such as Hulu, Universal Music Group, Lionsgate Films, and The Recording Academy. Santa Monica traces its history to Rancho San Vicente y Santa Mónica, granted in 1839 to the Sepúlveda family of California. The rancho was later sold to John P. Jones and Robert Baker, who in 1875, along with his Californio heiress wife Arcadia Bandini de Stearns Baker, founded Santa Monica, which incorporated as a city in 1886. The city developed into a seaside resort during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the creation of tourist attractions such as Palisades Park, the Santa Monica Pier, Ocean Park, and the Hotel Casa del Mar.",Santa Monica was founded in 1886.,closed_qa "In the following passage about mechanical-switch keyboards, which keyboards are the loudest, and how can I make them quieter?","Every key on a mechanical-switch keyboard contains a complete switch underneath. Each switch is composed of a housing, a spring, and a stem, and sometimes other parts such as a separate tactile leaf or a clickbar. Switches come in three variants: ""linear"" with consistent resistance, ""tactile"" with a non-audible bump, and ""clicky"" with both a bump and an audible click. Depending on the resistance of the spring, the key requires different amounts of pressure to actuate and to bottom out. The shape of the stem as well as the design of the switch housing varies the actuation distance and travel distance of the switch. The sound can be altered by the material of the plate, case, lubrication, the keycap profile, and even modifying the individual switch. These modifications, or ""mods"" include applying lubricant to reduce friction inside the switch itself, inserting ""switch films"" to reduce wobble, swapping out the spring inside to modify the resistance of the switch itself and many more. Mechanical keyboards allow for the removal and replacement of keycaps with a common stem type.","Mechanical-switch keyboards with ""Clicky"" switches come with both a bump and an audible click. Without adjusting the material of the plates or case, the way for users to reduce the noise would be to replace the keycaps or applying lubricant to reduce friction inside the switch.",closed_qa My trophy does not fit my suitcase because it is to big. I need to travel. What could I do?,,"- Get a bigger suitcase - Don't bring your trophy - Send the trophy in a box",brainstorming What year did the trek in Finding Farley end?,"Finding Farley is a 2009 documentary directed by Leanne Allison as she and her husband Karsten Heuer travel across Canada in the literary footsteps of the Canadian writer Farley Mowat. Heuer, a biologist and author, had written a book on his experiences making the documentary Being Caribou, in which he and Allison traveled 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) by foot across Arctic tundra following a herd of 120,000 Porcupine caribou. After reading a draft of Heuer's account, Mowat invited them to visit him at his summer farm in Cape Breton Island. Accompanied by their two-year-old son Zev and dog Willow, the couple left their home in Canmore in May 2007 for a 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi), six-month trek east across Canada. From Canmore, 100 kilometres west of Calgary, they canoed to Hudson Bay, visiting many of the settings that Mowat wrote about in Never Cry Wolf, Lost in the Barrens and People of the Deer. From Hudson Bay, their plan was to travel by sea to northern Labrador, the setting of Mowat's stories such as The Serpent's Coil, Grey Seas Under, Sea of Slaughter and A Whale for the Killing. From Newfoundland and Labrador they planned a final journey by water, arriving at Cape Breton near the end of October. Finding Farley was the top film at the 2010 Banff Mountain Film Festival, receiving both the Grand Prize and People's Choice awards.",2007. Started in May 2007 and lasted 6 months. Which would have been November 2007.,closed_qa "Classify the following shapes by which have 4 sides or which have more than 4 sides: Hexagon, square, rectangle, octagon, decagon, rhombus, parallelogram, pentagon, dodecahedron, heptagon",,"4 sides: Square, rectangle, rhombus, parallelogram More than 4 sides: Hexagon, octagon, decagon, pentagon, dodecahedron, heptagon",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Thavil, Seni rebab",,"Seni rabab is string, Thavil is percussion.",classification List the territories ceded by Turkey as part of the treaty of Lausanne.,"The treaty delimited the boundaries of Greece, Bulgaria, and Turkey. Specifically, the treaty provisioned that all the islands, islets and other territories in the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean in the original text) beyond three miles from the Turkish shores were ceded to Greece, with the exception of Imbros, Tenedos and Rabbit islands (Articles 6 and 12). There is a special notation in both articles, that, unless it is explicitly stated otherwise, the Turkish sovereignty extends three miles from Asia Minor shores. The Greek population of Imbros and Tenedos was not included in the population exchange and would be protected under the stipulations of the protection of the minorities in Turkey (Article 38). The major issue of the war reparations, demanded from Greece by Turkey, was abandoned after Greece agreed to cede Karaağaç to Turkey. Turkey also formally ceded all claims on the Dodecanese Islands (Article 15); Cyprus (Article 20); Egypt and Sudan (Article 17); Syria and Iraq (Article 3); and (along with the Treaty of Ankara) settled the boundaries of the latter two nations. The territories to the south of Syria and Iraq on the Arabian Peninsula, which still remained under Turkish control when the Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918, were not explicitly identified in the text of the treaty. However, the definition of Turkey's southern border in Article 3 also meant that Turkey officially ceded them. These territories included the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, Asir and parts of Hejaz like the city of Medina. They were held by Turkish forces until 23 January 1919. By Articles 25 and 26 of the Treaty of Lausanne, Turkey officially ceded Adakale Island in the Danube River to Romania by formally recognizing the related provisions in the Treaty of Trianon of 1920. Due to a diplomatic irregularity at the 1878 Congress of Berlin, the island had technically remained part of the Ottoman Empire. Turkey also renounced its privileges in Libya which were defined by Article 10 of the Treaty of Ouchy in 1912 (per Article 22 of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.)","- All territories in the Aegean Sea except for Imbros, Tenedos, and Rabbit islands - Dodecanese islands - Cyprus - Egypt - Territories to the south of Syria and Iraq in the Arabian Peninsula - Adakale island in the Danube river",summarization "Tell me whether these are cheese or bread: Gouda, Focaccia, Brie, Baguette, Pecorino, Romano, Cheddar, Brioche, Ciabatta, Manchego, Smoked Gouda, Pita, Sourdough",,"Gouda is a type of cheese. Focaccia is a type of bread. Brie is a type of cheese. Baguette is a type of bread. Pecorino Romano is a type of cheese. Cheddar is a type of cheese. Brioche is a type of bread. Ciabatta is a type of bread. Manchego is a type of cheese. Smoked Gouda is a type of cheese. Pita is a type of bread. Sourdough is a type of bread.",classification "Please classify each of the following as European or Asian countries: England, Thailand, Greece, Japan.",,"England and Greece are European countries, while Thailand and Japan are Asian countries.",classification "Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Maserati, RAM",,"RAM is American, Maserati is Italian",classification Write a witty paragraph about a chicken's thought process for crossing the road.,,"Oh my, that is a lovely shrub over there past the black track. I wonder if it smells as good as I imagine it would. I do wonder if all the fast folks passing by know this shrub and thus are not bothered by the curiosity. There is no way around it; I have to get close to confirm it.",creative_writing What are the words of House Hightower?,,"""We Light the Way""",open_qa How many sinking ships did Violet Jessop survive? Be precise.,"Violet Constance Jessop (2 October 1887 – 5 May 1971), often referred to as the ""Queen of sinking ships"" or ""Miss Unsinkable,"" was an Argentine woman of Irish heritage who worked as an ocean liner stewardess, memoirist, and nurse in the early 20th century. Jessop is most well known for having survived the sinking of both the RMS Titanic in 1912 and her sister ship the HMHS Britannic in 1916, as well as having been onboard the eldest of the three sister ships, the RMS Olympic, when it collided with the British warship HMS Hawke in 1911.",2.,closed_qa How cloudy is Seattle USA,"The Seattle area is the cloudiest region of the United States, due in part to frequent storms and lows moving in from the adjacent Pacific Ocean. With many more ""rain days"" than other major American cities, Seattle has a well-earned reputation for frequent rain. In an average year, at least 0.01 inches (0.25 mm) of precipitation falls on 150 days, more than nearly all U.S. cities east of the Rocky Mountains. However, because it often has merely a light drizzle falling from the sky for many days, Seattle actually receives significantly less rainfall (or other precipitation) overall than many other U.S. cities like New York City, Miami, or Houston. Seattle is cloudy 201 days out of the year and partly cloudy 93 days.",Seattle area is the cloudiest region of the United States due to frequent storms moving from the adjacent pacific ocean. Temperature extremes are moderated by the winds from Pacific ocean.Seattle is cloudy for 290 days in a year. Seattle has many more rainy days than any major US cities. In a year at-least 0.01 inches of precipitation falls on 150 days,information_extraction Why did you take so long to get home last night?,,"On my home from work, I decided that I should go by the grocery store to pick up some water, cheese and other groceries for breakfast. As I was getting off of the freeway I saw something out of the corner of my eye running across the sidewalk. When I stopped at the traffic light, I was able to see that there was a puppy that appeared to be lost and wandering around. I was a hurry but the pup seemed really cold and shivering. I saw that it was going into a nearby parking lot that was on my way so I pulled over. I got out of my car and carefully walked up to the puppy to see if it had a tag or any identification. Suddenly, I saw a shadow pass behind me and someone grabbed me from behind and tried to wrestle my keys away from me. Too bad for him, he didn't realize that I'm a UFC champion. Lucky for him, he only ended up with a missing tooth. It took a while for the police to show up so that's why I was late.",creative_writing "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Madhalam, Erhu",,"Erhu is string, Madhalam is percussion.",classification "Tell me whether these clothes are formal or informal: suit, tuxedo, bathing suit, gym shorts, slacks, tank top",,"Suit: Formal Tuxedo: Formal Bathing Suit: Informal Gym Shorts: Informal Slacks: Formal Tank Top: Informal",classification Is FreeBSD a Linux distribution?,,"No. FreeBSD is complete operating system that descends from the original Unix system through the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) development-line. Linux is a family of operating system distributions packaged by third parties, using the Linux Kernel. The licensing of FreeBSD is also available under a permissive BSD license while Linux is uses a copy-left based GPL license.",open_qa "Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Wallis and Futuna or Guinea. Mamou, Leava, Mata-Utu, Conakry, Guéckédou",,"Wallis and Futuna - Mata-Utu, Leava Guinea - Conakry, Mamou, Guéckédou",classification "What are five totally distinct, creative ways to describe the usefulness of a broken mind.",,"1. A broken mind is like a rusty hinge, capable of opening up new possibilities. 2. A broken mind is like a cracked mirror, reflecting a distorted view of reality. 3. A broken mind is like a sieve, allowing ideas to pass through and filter out the important ones. 4. A broken mind is like a pebble in a stream, providing a gentle nudge to go in a new direction. 5. A broken mind is like a silent voice, conveying a message that is not always heard.",brainstorming "Classify each country as Spanish or Portuguese speaking: Peru, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Mexico, Portugal",,"Peru: Spanish Speaking Argentina: Spanish Speaking Chile: Spanish Speaking Brazil: Portuguese Speaking Mexico: Spanish Speaking Portugal: Portuguese Speaking",classification Tell me about Roger Federer,"Roger Federer (German: [ˈrɔdʒər ˈfeːdərər]; born 8 August 1981) is a Swiss former professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 1 by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 310 weeks, including a record 237 consecutive weeks, and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. He won 103 singles titles on the ATP Tour, the second most of all time, including 20 major men's singles titles, a record eight men's singles Wimbledon titles, an Open Era joint-record five men's singles US Open titles, and a joint-record six year-end championships. In his home country, he is regarded as ""the greatest and most successful"" Swiss sportsperson in history. A Wimbledon junior champion in 1998 and former ball boy, Federer won his first major singles title at Wimbledon in 2003 at age 21. Between 2003 and 2009, Federer played in 21 out of 28 major singles finals. He won three of the four majors and the ATP Finals in 2004, 2006, and 2007 as well as five consecutive titles at both Wimbledon and the US Open. He completed the career Grand Slam at the 2009 French Open after three consecutive runner-up finishes to Nadal, his main rival until 2010. At age 27, he surpassed Pete Sampras' record of 14 major men's singles titles at Wimbledon in 2009. Federer and Stan Wawrinka led the Switzerland Davis Cup team to their first title in 2014, following their Olympic doubles gold victory at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Federer also won a silver medal in singles at the 2012 London Olympics, finishing runner-up to Andy Murray. After a half-year hiatus in late 2016 to recover from knee surgery, Federer returned to tennis, winning three more majors over the next two years, including the 2017 Australian Open over Rafael Nadal and an eighth singles title at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships. At the 2018 Australian Open, Federer became the first man to win 20 major singles titles and shortly the oldest ATP world No. 1 at age 36. In September 2022, he retired from professional tennis following the Laver Cup. A versatile all-court player, Federer's perceived effortlessness has made him highly popular among tennis fans. Originally lacking self-control as a junior, he transformed his on-court demeanor to become well-liked for his graciousness, winning the Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award 13 times. He has won the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year award a record five times. Outside of competing, he played an instrumental role in the creation of the Laver Cup team competition. He is also an active philanthropist. He established the Roger Federer Foundation, which targets impoverished children in southern Africa, and has raised funds in part through the Match for Africa exhibition series. He is routinely one of the top ten highest-paid athletes in any sport and ranked first among all athletes with $100 million in endorsement income in 2020.","Roger Federer, born 8 August 1981, is a Swiss former professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 1 by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 310 weeks, including a record 237 consecutive weeks, and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. He won 103 singles titles on the ATP Tour, the second most of all time, including 20 major men's singles titles, a record eight men's singles Wimbledon titles, an Open Era joint-record five men's singles US Open titles, and a joint-record six year-end championships. In his home country, he is regarded as ""the greatest and most successful"" Swiss sportsperson in history. A Wimbledon junior champion in 1998 and former ball boy, Federer won his first major singles title at Wimbledon in 2003 at age 21. Between 2003 and 2009, Federer played in 21 out of 28 major singles finals. He won three of the four majors and the ATP Finals in 2004, 2006, and 2007 as well as five consecutive titles at both Wimbledon and the US Open. He completed the career Grand Slam at the 2009 French Open after three consecutive runner-up finishes to Nadal, his main rival until 2010. At age 27, he surpassed Pete Sampras' record of 14 major men's singles titles at Wimbledon in 2009. Federer and Stan Wawrinka led the Switzerland Davis Cup team to their first title in 2014, following their Olympic doubles gold victory at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Federer also won a silver medal in singles at the 2012 London Olympics, finishing runner-up to Andy Murray. After a half-year hiatus in late 2016 to recover from knee surgery, Federer returned to tennis, winning three more majors over the next two years, including the 2017 Australian Open over Rafael Nadal and an eighth singles title at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships. At the 2018 Australian Open, Federer became the first man to win 20 major singles titles and shortly the oldest ATP world No. 1 at age 36. In September 2022, he retired from professional tennis following the Laver Cup. A versatile all-court player, Federer's perceived effortlessness has made him highly popular among tennis fans. Originally lacking self-control as a junior, he transformed his on-court demeanor to become well-liked for his graciousness, winning the Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award 13 times. He has won the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year award a record five times. Outside of competing, he played an instrumental role in the creation of the Laver Cup team competition. He is also an active philanthropist. He established the Roger Federer Foundation, which targets impoverished children in southern Africa, and has raised funds in part through the Match for Africa exhibition series. He is routinely one of the top ten highest-paid athletes in any sport and ranked first among all athletes with $100 million in endorsement income in 2020.",closed_qa What are the different ways to bake sourdough?,,"You could bake a sourdough bread in a commercial oven. A pizza oven A dutch oven In the sun In a hot car In a pot of boiling water On the surface of the sun",brainstorming What is a stock in finance?,,"In finance, stock (also capital stock) consist of all the shares by which ownership of a corporation or company is divided. (Especially in American English, the word ""stocks"" is also used to refer to shares.) A single share of the stock means fractional ownership of the corporation in proportion to the total number of shares. This typically entitles the shareholder (stockholder) to that fraction of the company's earnings, proceeds from liquidation of assets (after discharge of all senior claims such as secured and unsecured debt), or voting power, often dividing these up in proportion to the amount of money each stockholder has invested. Not all stock is necessarily equal, as certain classes of stock may be issued for example without voting rights, with enhanced voting rights, or with a certain priority to receive profits or liquidation proceeds before or after other classes of shareholders. Stock can be bought and sold privately or on stock exchanges, and such transactions are typically heavily regulated by governments to prevent fraud, protect investors, and benefit the larger economy. The stocks are deposited with the depositories in the electronic format also known as Demat account. As new shares are issued by a company, the ownership and rights of existing shareholders are diluted in return for cash to sustain or grow the business. Companies can also buy back stock, which often lets investors recoup the initial investment plus capital gains from subsequent rises in stock price. Stock options issued by many companies as part of employee compensation do not represent ownership, but represent the right to buy ownership at a future time at a specified price. This would represent a windfall to the employees if the option is exercised when the market price is higher than the promised price, since if they immediately sold the stock they would keep the difference (minus taxes).",open_qa Who won the 63rd staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship?,"On 29 September 1957, Claughaun won the championship after a 7-07 to 3-02 defeat of St. Patrick's in the final.","The 1957 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 63rd staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887. Cappamore were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by St. Patrick's. On 29 September 1957, Claughaun won the championship after a 7-07 to 3-02 defeat of St. Patrick's in the final. It was their sixth championship title overall and their first championship title since 1926.",summarization "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Chikara, Bamboula",,"Bamboula is percussion, Chikara is string.",classification "Given this paragraph, show me how to calculate how many total patrons can be served by all of the Schauspielhaus theaters?","The Schauspielhaus Zürich (English: Zürich playhouse) is one of the most prominent and important[citation needed] theatres in the German-speaking world. It is also known as ""Pfauenbühne"" (Peacock Stage). The large theatre has 750 seats. The Schauspielhaus also operates three stages in the Schiffbau in the western part of Zürich, the Schiffbau/Halle (400 seats), the Schiffbau/Box (up to 200 seats) and the Schiffbau/Matchbox (80 seats).","1430 total patrons can be served. There are 750 seats in Schauspielhaus Zürich, 400 in the Schiffbau/Halle, 200 in the Schiffbau/Box and 80 in the Schiffbau/Matchbox. This totals to 750 + 400 + 200 + 80 = 1430 seats. Each patron requires one seat",closed_qa https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi#Public_perception_and_image,"A vegetarian and teetotaler, Modi has a frugal lifestyle and is a workaholic and introvert. A person named Badri Meena has been his cook since 2002. Modi used to maintain a close and publicised relationship with his centenarian mother, Hiraben. Modi's 31 August 2012 post on Google Hangouts made him the first Indian politician to interact with citizens on a live chat. Modi has also been called a fashion-icon for his signature crisply ironed, half-sleeved kurta, as well as for a suit with his name embroidered repeatedly in the pinstripes that he wore during a state visit by US President Barack Obama, which drew public and media attention and criticism. Modi's personality has been variously described by scholars and biographers as energetic, arrogant, and charismatic.","Among his followers, Narendra Modi is regarded as a charismatic leader with excellent communication abilities. He has, however, also come under fire for how he has handled intercommunal violence and for pushing a Hindu nationalist agenda. Modi's reputation has been strengthened by the success of his economic policies in Gujarat, and he has sought to build a solid international reputation through travel and social media. Critics and protests have been sparked by his government's execution of contentious measures including demonetization and the Citizenship Amendment Act. Despite this, Modi is still a well-liked figure in Indian politics and has been elected prime minister more than once.",summarization "Are these hockey or baseball teams: Red Wings, Padres, Blues, Capitals",,The Red Wings are a hockey team from Detroit. The Padres are a baseball team from San Diego. The Blues are a hockey team from St. Louis and the Capitals are a hockey team from Washington.,classification "Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Arcfox, Buick",,"Buick is American, Arcfox is Chinese",classification "Which of these counties has only one neighbour, and which have more than one neighbour: Haiti, Russia, South Korea, Germany, Portugal, Ireland, Canada, Brazil, Denmark, Austria, Qatar and France.",,"The following countries have only one neighbouring country: South Korea, Qatar, Portugal, Ireland, Haiti, Canada, and Denmark. These countries have multiple neighbours:Russia, Brazil, Germany, Austria, and France.",classification What generation is the best generation?,,"None, all are flawed.",open_qa "In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Tarly?",,"House Tarly's ancestry can be linked to Harlon the Hunter, who built the Horn Hill castle with his twin brother Herndon of the Horn.",open_qa "When talking about adjectives to describe proximity, which of these words fit into a 'near' category, and which are 'far'. Miles, close, neighbouring, distant, remote, adjacent, adjoining, outlying.",,"Close, neighbouring, adjacent and adjoining are adjectives describing a 'near' proximity. Miles, distant, remote and outlying are adjectives describing a 'far' proximity.",classification What are six different corporations with orange logos?,,"Six examples of retail corporations with orange logos may include Home Depot, Fanta, Penguin Books, Harley-Davidson, ING, and Nickelodeon.",brainstorming "Classify these programming languages to compiled or interpreted: shell script, erlang, rust, python, javascript, C++, go",,"- Compiled language: erlang, rust, C++, go - Interpreted language: shell script, python, javascript",classification What is a medallion architecture in data engineering?,,"A medallion architecture is a data engineering concept. The idea is that system source data or system of record data is landed in a bronze layer. In the bronze layer data is not changed, and it should match the source system exactly even if there are data quality issues. Next in the silver layer the raw daw from bronze is transformed and joined together with data quality applied and landed in silver. Next in the gold layer are produced datasets which are silver datasets joined together and enriched with other data like machine learning model output. These gold datasets are then what are used and served up by the business in dashboards and reporting.",open_qa Colonies or provinces? How did the Spanish Empire treat its overseas territories?,,"The Spanish Empire lasted for four centuries, from the arrival of Columbus in America in 1492 until the loss of its last overseas territories (Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines) in 1898. In its last period, towards the middle of the 19th century, a debate arose that, to this day, still raises blisters regarding the definition of these lands. A part of the population continues to consider that the lands that Spain conquered beyond the seas were colonies, while another part defines them as provinces. That is, like Valladolid, Barcelona or Guadalajara. In the Royal Decree of Carlos V, promulgated in 1519, which was later included in the Compilation of Laws of the Indies, the following declaration of intent could already be read: «That the West Indies be always united to the Crown of Castile and that cannot be alienated. We order that, at no time, they can be separated by our royal crown of Castile, disunited or divided in whole or in part or in favor of any person.» The Spanish laws always spoke of ""provinces"", ""kingdoms"", ""republics"", ""empires"" or ""territories of islands and mainland"". In other words, the term ""colony"" was never used in the legal field for the territories that had been incorporated into the Crown of Castile. It was incorporated later and only with a critical and propagandistic desire, the same as it is today when it is used. This is not an excuse to deny that in the Spanish overseas territories there were models of exploitation that could be considered colonial, such as the monopoly of the extraction of precious metals or certain types of commercial companies. One of the main proofs is that the overseas territories reproduced most of the institutions of the metropolis. Bernardino Bravo Lira, winner of Chile's 2010 National History Award, noted an important difference: ""Politically, the Indies were incorporated into the Crown and not into the Kingdom of Castile. This means that they were not considered as simple land, without their own political personality and, therefore, susceptible to submission to a foreign power. They were considered as other kingdoms, similar to Castile and other Europeans, endowed with the same attributes as them. For this reason they were classified and organized under the form of State of the Indies and not colonies. The kingdoms of the Indies had all the elements that then made up a State: territory, population, nationality, institutions, government and their own legislation."" This means that, contrary to what most critical authors think, the territories conquered by Spain were never considered as colonies devoid of rights. Moreover, its inhabitants were considered, already with Queen Isabella of Castilla, vassals of the Crown like any other inhabitant of the Iberian Peninsula, once the conquest process was completed in the 16th century. That is why the Indies, which have been known as ""America"" ​​since the 17th century, owed allegiance only to the King, who governed through the institutions created for that purpose and which were governed by officials designated for that purpose.",classification give me a list of ways to cool down,,"- drink a slushy - take a cold shower - dip in glacier water - take your clothes off - participate in a polar bear plunge - stand very still - take shelter under shade - sit in front of a fan - roll down the windows in a moving car",brainstorming "here is a short history of Plainview – Old Bethpage John F. Kennedy High School, which color was changed when the name changed in 1991?","The school was opened in 1966 under the name John F. Kennedy High School. It was Plainview's second high school. Originally, all senior high school students went to Plainview High School, but were split by residential location when JFK High School opened. In 1991, Plainview-Old Bethpage High School and John F. Kennedy High School were merged into the John F. Kennedy High School building. The school was renamed Plainview-Old Bethpage John F. Kennedy High School. The newly merged school abandoned Plainview High School's colors of green and white in favor of John F. Kennedy's blue and white. Both the original Plainview High School mascot, the Gulls, and the John F. Kennedy High School mascot, the Eagles, were replaced with a new mascot, The Hawks. It is now the only public high school for residents of the community of Plainview and Old Bethpage.",The school colors swapped out green for blue and white stayed the same.,closed_qa Is Leucascidae a sponge,,Leucascidae is a family of calcareous sponges in the order Clathrinida.,open_qa Explain Ionizing radiation as a twelve years old kid.,,"Ionizing radiation is caused when a very heavy atom emits a particle at the speed of light called ionizing radiation. On contact with a material, either the atom absorbs the ionizing particle or The ionizing particle breaks the atom in two and forms two ionizing particles which can create a chain reaction. There are three kinds of ionizing particles: alpha, beta and gamma Alpha particles react a lot with matter but travel a very short distance. Beta particles react less than alpha particles with matter but travel a very short distance. Alpha particles react less than alpha particles with matter but travel a longer distance than alpha particles. Gamma particles react less with matter than beta particles but travel a longer distance than beta particles.",open_qa What was the Javelin throw record made by Neeraj Chopra,,88.44metres,open_qa What is the new record of Javelin throw made by Neeraj Chopra,,89.94 m,open_qa Give me a summary of the history of Thackeray Hall at the University of Pittsburgh based on this passage.,"The building is the former National Union Fire Insurance Company building built circa 1923–1925 in the Early Classical style. The building was purchased by the university in 1968 for $1.875 million ($14.6 million in 2021 dollars), and was originally purposed for faculty offices. It was known as the Social Sciences Building until 1972 when it was renamed Mervis Hall and designated as the home of the Graduate School of Business. In 1983, when the Graduate School of Business moved into a new building also named Mervis Hall, it was renamed Thackeray Hall.","Thackeray Hall used to be the building for the National Union Fire Insurance Company until it was purchased by the University of Pittsburgh in 1968 for $1.875 million. First, it was used for faculty offices, then later known as the Social Sciences Building until it was renamed Mervis Hall. In 1983, it was renamed Thackeray Hall and has housed the university's Department of Mathematics since then.",summarization What are some good beginner songs to learn on guitar?,,"The following are good songs a beginner can learn on guitar: - Smoke on the Water by Deep Purple - Brown Eyed Girl by Van Morrison - Heart of Gold by Neil Young - Seven Nation Army by The White Stripes - What's Up? by 4 Non Blondes - Wild Thing by The Troggs - Wonderwall by Oasis",brainstorming Give me a list of 10 commonly used seasonings in Chinese cooking,,"Soy Sauce Oyster Sauce Chinese Cooking Wine Garlic Green Onion Ginger Dark Soy Sauce Sichuan peppercorn White Pepper Sesame Oil",brainstorming What are 6 different types of pizza toppings?,,"Pepperoni, Sausage, Onions, Peppers, Ham, Bacon",brainstorming "Would each of the following conditions be good or bad for a bike ride? Pouring rain, sunny skies, hail, cloudy day, dense fog, heavy wind, light breeze.",,"Pouring rain: bad, sunny skies: good, hail: bad, cloudy day: good, dense fog: bad, heavy wind: bad, light breeze: good.",classification When and where was Lyubomir Nikolov Vladikin born?,"Vladikin was born on September 3, 1891 in the village of Golyamo Belovo, Pazardzhik area. His mother, Maria Morfova, sister of the opera singer Hristina Morfova and the composer Aleksandar Morfov, studied French Philology in Geneva. His father, Nikola Yonkov Vladikin, was a well-known journalist, scholar, writer, publicist, historian and political activist. Over the period from 1890 to 1912 he was an MP for three consecutive terms. He was a nephew of the Bishop of South Bulgaria (from Ohrid to Edirne), known under the church name Evstatiy Pelagoniyski.","Vladikin was born on September 3, 1891 in the village of Golyamo Belovo, Pazardzhik",closed_qa What are five popular Taylor Swift songs?,,"Five popular Taylor Swift songs are Shake it Off, Wildest Dreams, Bad Blood, Look What You Made Me Do, and Love Story",open_qa Create a beginner-intermediate push-pull-legs workout routine that I can do 6 times a week.,,"Day 1 (push): 5x5 Bench Press 3x8 Incline Bench Press 3x8 Overhead Press 3x8-12 Triceps Pushdown 3x8-12 Triceps Extension superset with 3x8-12 Lateral Raise Day 2 (pull): 1x5 Deadlift 3x8 Lat Pulldown 3x8 Seated Row 3x12-15 Face Pull 4x8-12 Incline Curl 4x8-12 Hammer Curl Day 3 (legs): 2x5 Squat 3x8 Romanian Deadlift 3x8 Leg Press 3x8-12 Seated Leg Curl 3x8-12 Standing Calf Raise Day 4: (push) 5x5 Overhead Press 3x8 Incline Bench Press 3x8 Bench Press 3x8-12 Triceps Pushdown 3x8-12 Triceps Extension superset with 3x8-12 Lateral Raise Day 5 (pull): 5x5 Bent Over Row 3x8 Lat Pulldown 3x8 Seated Row 3x12-15 Face Pull 4x8-12 Incline Curl 4x8-12 Hammer Curl Day 6 (legs): 2x5 Squat 3x8 Romanian Deadlift 3x8 Leg Press 3x8-12 Seated Leg Curl 3x8-12 Standing Calf Raise",creative_writing Provide a list of the best baseball players of all time,,"1. Babe Ruth 2. Ted Williams 3. Mickey Mantle 4. Tony Gwynn 5. Ken Griffey Jr 6. Cal Ripken Jr 7. Mike Trout 8. Hank Aaron",brainstorming Does Bolivia have two capital cities?,,The executive capital of Bolivia is La Paz. The constitutional capital is Sucre.,open_qa How many moons orbit Jupiter and what are the names of the most significant ones?,,"There are 93 moons confirmed to be orbiting Jupiter. The most notable of these are Europa, Io, Ganymede, and Callisto.",open_qa Give me three recipes from different cuisines that I can make with potatoes and chicken,,"You could make potato dumplings in a chicken broth, which comes from German cuisine. Another recipe is mashed potatoes and fried chicken from the American South. You could also try making a Thai curry with chicken and potatoes.",brainstorming What would you do if you had all the resources in the world and nothing to worry about?,,"Wow, as dreamy as it sounds, I would love to live that dream. I would like to go by see, living on a cliff in a glass house that shows both the sunrise and sunset. And it is windy with a big garden where my dog can run and play. I really can not imagine the sun bask, knowing that I don't have to go back from this vacation ever that this is my home and I can just do this alone for the rest of my life :)",creative_writing How large is the runway of the Richton-Perry County Airport?,"Richton-Perry County Airport covers an area of 55 acres (22 ha) at an elevation of 167 feet (51 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 18/36 with an asphalt surface measuring 3,000 by 60 feet (914 x 18 m). For the 12-month period ending November 17, 2011, the airport had 1,400 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 116 per month. At that time there were two single-engine aircraft based at this airport.","The single runway at the Richton-Perry County Airport is 18000 square feet in area (it's dimensions are 3,000 by 60 feet)",information_extraction What is the difference between a goose and a geese?,,"A goose and a geese refer to the same type of bird. These bird(s) are of the Anatidae biological family of water birds. Anatidate includes ducks, geese, seabirds, storks, and waterfowls. Goose refers to a single bird where geese refers to multiple birds.",open_qa Please tell me a little bit about the personal lives of the best hockey players at this time.,,"Here is a list of the best hockey players in the NHL and a little about them: Connor McDavid Connor McDavid and his girlfriend, interior designer Lauren Kyle, designed their Edmonton house. After displaying pictures of the house for EDify magazine in 2020 and recording a video tour in 2021 for Architectural Digest, the minimalist design and the poor view of the Edmonton River Valley outside became an Internet meme. As a sports fan in Ontario, McDavid was a dedicated childhood fan of Mats Sundin and the Toronto Maple Leafs NHL team. He described his childhood bedroom as ""pretty embarrassing"" for its volume of Maple Leafs memorabilia. Outside of hockey, he supports the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball and threw out the ceremonial first pitch at a Blue Jays game in 2016. On June 21, 2017, Electronic Arts revealed that McDavid would be the cover athlete for NHL 18, their annual installment of the NHL video game series. Additionally, McDavid's unique skating style inspired the Real Player Motion technology used in NHL 19, in which player size and other attributes affect their skating speed and power. In 2022, McDavid was one of several Canadian athletes to appear on boxes of Cheerios cereal as part of their ""Be the Cheer"" promotion, in which customers could write personalized messages to athletes competing at the Olympic Games. That same year, McDavid became the first active professional athlete to serve as a brand ambassador for sports betting company BetMGM. Cale Makar Makar is the son of Gary Makar and Laura MacGregor. He was named after former NHL player Cale Hulse. His younger brother Taylor plays at UMass-Amherst, which Cale also attended, and was also drafted by the Avalanche in the seventh round of the 2021 NHL Entry Draft. Makar's cousin Mark Logan also played collegiate hockey from 2015 to 2019 at the Rochester Institute of Technology. Tom Lysiak was his father's cousin. He is of Ukrainian descent on his father's side. Growing up, he was a fan of the hometown Calgary Flames. Auston Matthews Matthews comes from a family of athletes, with his father having played college baseball and with an uncle, Wes Matthews, who briefly played in the National Football League for the Miami Dolphins. His father is the chief technology officer of a manufacturing company based in New Jersey. He has two sisters: Alexandria, who is three years older, and Breyana, who is five years younger. Due to his mother's Mexican ancestry, Matthews can speak some Spanish. Off the ice, Matthews was enrolled in several online courses with the University of Nebraska Omaha. In late August 2016, he moved to Toronto and began working out with teammates Mitch Marner and Morgan Rielly. Matthews' favorite athlete growing up was Kobe Bryant, while his favorite sports movie is The Mighty Ducks. He is a fan of players Jonathan Toews and Anže Kopitar due to their all around offensive and defensive game, has had his playing style compared to them. In recognition of Matthews' four-goal NHL debut, rap artist SVDVM released a song titled ""Auston Matthews"". At the 2019 NHL Awards, Matthews was named the cover athlete for EA Sports' ice hockey video game NHL 20.",brainstorming "Please classify the following items as either “waterproof” or “water absorbent”: umbrella, paper towel, sponge, raincoat, dish rag, car windshield.",,"The waterproof items are the umbrella, the raincoat and the car windshield. The water absorbent items are the sponge, paper towel, and dish rag.",classification "Considering Austin is in the central region of Texas, which of these places are in east, west, north and south. Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, Fredericksburg, El Paso, Corpas Christi, Galveston, South Padre, Lubbock.",,"North of Austin: Dallas South of Austin: San Antonio, Corpus Christi, South Padre East of Austin: Houston, Galveston West of Austin: Fredericksburg, Lubbock, El Paso",classification What is a good present for my wife?,,Flowers and chocolates are often well received.,brainstorming What are some healthy lunch ideas?,,"Buddha bowl, turkey sandwich, salmon salad, quinoa bowl, fruit and cheese plate, veggies and dip, hummus and pita plate, vegetable soup",brainstorming "Write a plan for a road trip to ski resorts in California that are available on the Ikon pass, with stops at three different resorts. The plan should depart and end at San Francisco, include a budget, timeline, and short description of each resort.",,"On day 1, start from San Francisco and drive to Palisades Tahoe, which is a roughly 200mi drive which will take around 3 hours. Palisades Tahoe, which once hosted the 1960 winter Olympics, offers two expansive mountains with a variety of beginner to advanced terrain. Finish off day 1 by driving 176mi or around 4 hours to a hotel nearby the next resort, Mammoth Mountain. On day 2, spend the day skiing at Mammoth Mountain, which boasts high snowfalls, is home to the highest elevation lift in California, and has some of the greatest views of the Sierra Nevada mountains. Finish off day 2 by driving 314mi or around 5.5 hours to a hotel nearby the last resort, Big Bear Mountain. On day 3, you will ski Big Bear Mountain Resort comprised of Bear Mountain, with its park-heavy terrain, and Snow Summit, with its many beginner-friendly trails. Big Bear Mountain Resort is not far from Los Angeles and San Bernardino, so additional days could be spent exploring those metro areas. Spend the night around Big Bear Mountain Resort. On the last day, make the nearly 500mi or 7-8 hour drive back to San Francisco. Across this 4 day trip, you can expect to spend around $800 on gas costs and around $600-$800 on lodging with 1 night around Mammoth Mountain and 2 nights around Big Bear Mountain Resort.",creative_writing how to do a self-diagnose of burning out?,,Examples to look out for burning out including: Inability to stop thinking about work even when you’re not at work; Relationships with either co-workers or families and friends suffer; Feeling unexplained aches and pains; You spend lots of money outsourcing various personal tasks; Feeling mentally strained- with no plans for vacations; You wonder where you’ll be in the future.,brainstorming "Tell me whether these are flowers or trees: Spruce, Calla Lily, Carnation, pine, beech, Orchid, oak, Tulip, Gerbera Daisy.",,"Spruce is a tree. Calla Lily is a flower. Carnation is a flower. pine is a tree. beech is a tree. Orchid is a flower. oak is a tree. Tulip is a flower. Gerbera Daisy is a flower.",classification What is Russia-Ukraine Conflict?,"The Russo-Ukrainian War is an ongoing international conflict between Russia, alongside Russian-backed separatists, and Ukraine, which began in February 2014. Following Ukraine's Revolution of Dignity, Russia annexed Crimea from Ukraine and supported pro-Russian separatists fighting the Ukrainian military in the Donbas war. The first eight years of conflict also included naval incidents, cyberwarfare, and heightened political tensions. In February 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine.","The decision by Ukraine to move toward stronger connections with the European Union, which was opposed by Russia, set off the Russo-Ukrainian War, which started in 2014. The majority of the fighting has been in Ukraine's east, where pro-Russian separatists have proclaimed independent republics. With the backing of Western nations, the Ukrainian government has fought to retake control of these regions. Thousands of people have died as a result of the fighting, including military troops and civilians, and it has significantly impacted Ukraine's humanitarian situation. Access to essential necessities including food, water, and healthcare is a problem for many individuals. Several nations have condemned the fighting, and the United States and the European Union have imposed economic penalties on",summarization Tell me a story about how the little kitten was rescued from a heater vent. The story should include how the kitten was bottle fed and only four days old with the umbilical cord still attached,,"The story begins with a little kitten, only four days old, being found in a heater vent in a building. The kitten was bottle fed and was still connected to her mother's umbilical cord. The building manager called animal control and the kitten was rescued. She was taken to a vet, treated for her injuries, and then released back into the wild.",creative_writing How to skip rope?,"A skipping rope or jump rope is a tool used in the sport of skipping/jump rope where one or more participants jump over a rope swung so that it passes under their feet and over their heads. There are multiple subsets of skipping/jump rope, including single freestyle, single speed, pairs, three-person speed (Double Dutch), and three-person freestyle (Double Dutch freestyle). Rope skipping is commonly performed as an exercise or recreational activity, and there are also several major organizations that support jump rope as a competitive sport. Often separated by sex and age, events include hundreds of competitive teams all around the world. In the US, schools rarely have jump rope teams, and few states have sanctioned official events at the elementary school level. In freestyle events, jumpers use a variety of basic and advanced techniques in a routine of one minute, which is judged by a head judge, content judges, and performance judges. In speed events, a jumper alternates their feet with the rope going around the jumper every time one of their feet hits the ground for 30 seconds, one minute, or three minutes. The jumper is judged on the number of times the right foot touches the ground in those times.","A skipping rope is a fun form of exercise that is enjoyed by children and adults. While holding on to both ends of the rope, allow the middle of rope to rest on the ground in front of your feet, step over the rope so the rope is now behind your feet. Simultaneously, swing both arms over your head in a full swing so the rope is follows the motion of your arms and just before the rope reached the front of your feet, hop with both feet, avoiding the rope and continue the rhythm repeatedly.",closed_qa Remove the last names of all people in this passage,"Dino Hotić is a professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Belgian First Division A club Cercle Brugge. Born in Slovenia, he represents the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team.","Dino is a professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Belgian First Division A club Cercle Brugge. Born in Slovenia, he represents the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team.",information_extraction What is the history of the travelling salesman problem throughout the years in a short bulleted list?,"The origins of the travelling salesman problem are unclear. A handbook for travelling salesmen from 1832 mentions the problem and includes example tours through Germany and Switzerland, but contains no mathematical treatment. William Rowan Hamilton The TSP was mathematically formulated in the 19th century by the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton and by the British mathematician Thomas Kirkman. Hamilton's icosian game was a recreational puzzle based on finding a Hamiltonian cycle. The general form of the TSP appears to have been first studied by mathematicians during the 1930s in Vienna and at Harvard, notably by Karl Menger, who defines the problem, considers the obvious brute-force algorithm, and observes the non-optimality of the nearest neighbour heuristic: We denote by messenger problem (since in practice this question should be solved by each postman, anyway also by many travelers) the task to find, for finitely many points whose pairwise distances are known, the shortest route connecting the points. Of course, this problem is solvable by finitely many trials. Rules which would push the number of trials below the number of permutations of the given points, are not known. The rule that one first should go from the starting point to the closest point, then to the point closest to this, etc., in general does not yield the shortest route. It was first considered mathematically in the 1930s by Merrill M. Flood who was looking to solve a school bus routing problem. Hassler Whitney at Princeton University generated interest in the problem, which he called the ""48 states problem"". The earliest publication using the phrase ""travelling salesman problem"" was the 1949 RAND Corporation report by Julia Robinson, ""On the Hamiltonian game (a traveling salesman problem)."" In the 1950s and 1960s, the problem became increasingly popular in scientific circles in Europe and the United States after the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica offered prizes for steps in solving the problem. Notable contributions were made by George Dantzig, Delbert Ray Fulkerson and Selmer M. Johnson from the RAND Corporation, who expressed the problem as an integer linear program and developed the cutting plane method for its solution. They wrote what is considered the seminal paper on the subject in which with these new methods they solved an instance with 49 cities to optimality by constructing a tour and proving that no other tour could be shorter. Dantzig, Fulkerson and Johnson, however, speculated that given a near optimal solution we may be able to find optimality or prove optimality by adding a small number of extra inequalities (cuts). They used this idea to solve their initial 49 city problem using a string model. They found they only needed 26 cuts to come to a solution for their 49 city problem. While this paper did not give an algorithmic approach to TSP problems, the ideas that lay within it were indispensable to later creating exact solution methods for the TSP, though it would take 15 years to find an algorithmic approach in creating these cuts. As well as cutting plane methods, Dantzig, Fulkerson and Johnson used branch and bound algorithms perhaps for the first time. In 1959, Jillian Beardwood, J.H. Halton and John Hammersley published an article entitled ""The Shortest Path Through Many Points"" in the journal of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. The Beardwood–Halton–Hammersley theorem provides a practical solution to the travelling salesman problem. The authors derived an asymptotic formula to determine the length of the shortest route for a salesman who starts at a home or office and visits a fixed number of locations before returning to the start. In the following decades, the problem was studied by many researchers from mathematics, computer science, chemistry, physics, and other sciences. In the 1960s, however, a new approach was created, that instead of seeking optimal solutions would produce a solution whose length is provably bounded by a multiple of the optimal length, and in doing so would create lower bounds for the problem; these lower bounds would then be used with branch and bound approaches. One method of doing this was to create a minimum spanning tree of the graph and then double all its edges, which produces the bound that the length of an optimal tour is at most twice the weight of a minimum spanning tree. In 1976, Christofides and Serdyukov independently of each other made a big advance in this direction: the Christofides-Serdyukov algorithm yields a solution that, in the worst case, is at most 1.5 times longer than the optimal solution. As the algorithm was simple and quick, many hoped it would give way to a near optimal solution method. However, this hope for improvement did not immediately materialize, and Christofides-Serdyukov remained the method with the best worst-case scenario until 2011, when a (very) slightly improved approximation algorithm was developed for the subset of ""graphical"" TSPs. In 2020 this tiny improvement was extended to the full (metric) TSP. Richard M. Karp showed in 1972 that the Hamiltonian cycle problem was NP-complete, which implies the NP-hardness of TSP. This supplied a mathematical explanation for the apparent computational difficulty of finding optimal tours. Great progress was made in the late 1970s and 1980, when Grötschel, Padberg, Rinaldi and others managed to exactly solve instances with up to 2,392 cities, using cutting planes and branch and bound. In the 1990s, Applegate, Bixby, Chvátal, and Cook developed the program Concorde that has been used in many recent record solutions. Gerhard Reinelt published the TSPLIB in 1991, a collection of benchmark instances of varying difficulty, which has been used by many research groups for comparing results. In 2006, Cook and others computed an optimal tour through an 85,900-city instance given by a microchip layout problem, currently the largest solved TSPLIB instance. For many other instances with millions of cities, solutions can be found that are guaranteed to be within 2–3% of an optimal tour.","* 19th century - mathematically formulated for first time by the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton and by the British mathematician Thomas Kirkman * 1930s - First studied by mathematicians in Vienna and at Harvard, most notably by Karl Menger and Merill M. Flood who was looking to solve a school bus routing problem. * 1959 - Jillian Beardwood, J.H. Halton and John Hammersley published an article entitled ""The Shortest Path Through Many Points"" in the journal of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, which provided the first practical solution. * 1960s - new approach is created, which produce a solution whose length is provably bounded by a multiple of the optimal length. * 1972 - Richard M. Karp showed that the Hamiltonian cycle problem was NP-complete, which implies the NP-hardness of traveling salesman problem. * 1976 - Christofides and Serdyukov independently invented new algorithm, which yields a solution that in the worst case is at most 1.5 times longer than the optimal solution. * 1990s - Applegate, Bixby, Chvátal, and Cook developed the program Concorde that has been used in many recent record solutions. * 1991 - Gerhard Reinelt published the TSPLIB, a collection of benchmark instances of varying difficulty, which has been used by many research groups for comparing results * 2006 - Cook and others computed an optimal tour through an 85,900-city instance given by a microchip layout problem, currently the largest solved TSPLIB instance. * 2011 - Slightly improved approximation algorithm is developed for the subset of ""graphical"" traveling salesman problem. * 2020 - The slightly improved approximation algorithm developed for the subset of ""graphical"" is extended to cover the full traveling salesman problem.",closed_qa "Which of these flowers are annuals vs perennials: Petunias, Verbena, Alyssum, Zinnias, Digitalis Dalmatian, Amsonia, Clementine, Peonies.",,"Petunias, Verbena, Alyssum, and Zinnias are annual flowers, they bloom one season and then die. Digitalis Dalmatian, Amsonia, Clementine, and Peonies are perennials. They can bloom for many season.",classification "Which of the following countries are in Europe and which are in the rest of the world: Nicaragua, Australia, Austria, New Zealand, Morocco, Spain, Greece, China, Chile?",,"Austria, Spain, and Greece are all countries in Europe, while the remaining countries in the list are in the rest of the world. Nicaragua is in North America, Australia and New Zealand are in Oceania, Morocco is in Africa, China is in Asia, and Chile is part of South America.",classification How long after the release of the album “Abbey Road” did The Beatles break up?,"By early 1964, the Beatles were international stars and had achieved unprecedented levels of critical and commercial success. They became a leading force in Britain's cultural resurgence, ushering in the British Invasion of the United States pop market, and soon made their film debut with A Hard Day's Night (1964). A growing desire to refine their studio efforts, coupled with the untenable nature of their concert tours, led to the band's retirement from live performances in 1966. At this time, they produced records of greater sophistication, including the albums Rubber Soul (1965), Revolver (1966) and Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967), and enjoyed further commercial success with The Beatles (also known as ""the White Album"", 1968) and Abbey Road (1969). The success of these records heralded the album era, as albums became the dominant form of record consumption over singles; they also increased public interest in psychedelic drugs and Eastern spirituality, and furthered advancements in electronic music, album art and music videos. In 1968, they founded Apple Corps, a multi-armed multimedia corporation that continues to oversee projects related to the band's legacy. After the group's break-up in 1970, all principal former members enjoyed success as solo artists and some partial reunions have occurred. Lennon was murdered in 1980 and Harrison died of lung cancer in 2001. McCartney and Starr remain musically active.","One year after releasing Abbey Road (1969), the Beatles broke up (1970)",closed_qa How do I wire an electrical outlet?,,"While wiring an outlet can be a fairly simple task when following all safety precautions, if you are unsure about anything or have a complicated scenario, it is best to consult a licensed electrician that understands local electrical code and laws. Tools and Materials Needed: Outlet, of appropriate amperage Electrical box - (Old-work type for adding an outlet to your home) Non-metallic (NM) cable (also known as Romex) of appropriate gauge and length Wire connectors (twist type or lever-nut type) Non-Contact Voltage Detector Wire stripper Screwdriver Steps If you are installing new outlet: 1. Turn off the power to the circuit you'll be working on by turning off the breaker 2. Locate a nearby junction box, and confirm there is no power running to it with the non-contact voltage detector. 3. Once deemed safe, remove the cover plate. 4. Run a new length of Romex cable from the junction box to the location of the new outlet. You may need to drill holes through studs, floors, or even cut holes in the wall to achieve this. 5. If the old outlet has connection screws that are not used, you may attach the new wire to the old outlet to run power to the new outlet. These are usually labeled “load” on the outlet. Otherwise, you will need to detach existing wiring and combine wiring colors together (black to black, white, to white, etc) and use pigtails to wire run a single wire to the outlet. 6. Follow the same steps as you would connecting wire to the new outlet found below to attach wiring to the existing outlet. 7. At the new location, cut a hole in the wall where you want the outlet to be. 8. Attach an electrical box (old-work type) to the wall using screws to tension the boxes tabs and secure it in place. Steps to follow for both new outlet installation and replacing existing outlets: 1. Strip the outer insulation from the cable and separate the wires. 2. Strip about ½ inch of insulation from each wire (black, white, and green or bare). Depending on your house and wiring, you may have a 4th gray wire or even a red wire in place of black. The gray wire is the neutral wire that is often needed for smart devices to correctly function. If your device specifies the need for this wire, and you do not have one, please consult an electrician. A red wire indicates the outlet is switched, and is also “hot” like a black wire. One will commonly find these routed to lights or fans. 3. Connect the black wire to the brass-colored screw on the outlet (designated as “line”) and tighten the screw. This wire is the ""hot"" wire and carries the electrical current. 4. Connect the white wire to the silver-colored screw (designated as “line”) on the outlet and tighten the screw. This wire is the ""neutral"" wire and completes the circuit. 5. Connect the green or bare wire to the green screw on the outlet and tighten the screw. This wire is the ""ground"" wire and provides a path for electricity to safely flow to the ground in case of a short circuit. 6. Gently push the outlet into the box, making sure not to pinch any wires. 7. Screw the outlet into the box. 8. Install the cover plate. 9. Turn the power back on and test the outlet to make sure it's working.",creative_writing Who betrayed Jesus to the Romans,,Judas Escariot,open_qa "Vanessa and Lauren are both 32-year-old women with different levels of exercise experience. Vanessa, who weighs 124 lbs, has lifted weights before but Lauren, who weighs 166 lbs, has never participated in resistance training. Both women participate in initial fitness assessments and want your advice about starting a muscular fitness program at your exercise facility. Choose a different test to measure each woman's upper body muscular strength. Briefly explain the procedures for each assessment. What common errors should you watch for?",,"For Vanessa, we’ll choose for her to perform a one-rep max assessment, specifically with the bench press. This is because she has experience with lifting weights. To start, she should warm up by completing several submaximal repetitions. We’re going to select an initial weight of 50-70% of her capacity, and progressively increase resistance by 2.5 to 20 kg until the subject cannot complete the repetitions. The final weight lifted should be the absolute 1-RM. Some common error we want to watch for is to make sure that the repetitions are performed at the same speed of movement and range of motion to ensure consistency. Additionally, on the setup portion, we should check the surroundings for hazards, set the bar to the right height for Vanessa based on her arm length, remove safety bars from both sides of the rack, secure weights correctly with safety clips, and have a spotter present. We should also make sure there is a proper progression of weight lifted, she’s not bouncing the bar off her chest, that she’s maintaining a neutral spine, and that she is breathing during the lift. For Lauren, because she has never participated in resistance training, we will select the flexed arm support test, as she may not be able to perform the dynamic push-up assessment properly. To start, she should have her hands outside her shoulders, and keep her back and legs straight. She should lower her body until the upper arm is parallel to the floor or the elbow is flexed at 90 degrees. She should be supporting her body in a push-up position from the knees. Some common mistakes include not breathing during the assessment, having a too-wide or too-narrow width for her hands, not maintaining a straight back and legs, and not lowering her body enough for the assessment.",brainstorming Who is the finest Indian cricketer right now?,"Virat Kohli (Hindi pronunciation: born 5 November 1988) is an Indian international cricketer and former captain of the Indian national cricket team. He now plays as a right-handed batter for Royal Challengers Bangalore in the IPL and for Delhi in Indian domestic cricket. He is widely recognised as one of the best batsman in cricket history. He is the second most prolific international century batsman in cricket history. The International Cricket Council elected him the male cricketer of the decade despite holding the record for most runs in T20 internationals and the IPL. Kohli has also contributed to a number of India's victories, including the 2011 World Cup and the 2013 Champions Trophy.","Virat Kohli (Hindi pronunciation: born 5 November 1988) is an Indian international cricketer and former captain of the Indian national cricket team. He now plays as a right-handed batter for Royal Challengers Bangalore in the IPL and for Delhi in Indian domestic cricket. He is widely recognised as one of the best batsman in cricket history. He is the second most prolific international century batsman in cricket history. The International Cricket Council elected him the male cricketer of the decade despite holding the record for most runs in T20 internationals and the IPL. Kohli has also contributed to a number of India's victories, including the 2011 World Cup and the 2013 Champions Trophy. Kohli was born and raised in New Delhi, where he attended the West Delhi Cricket Academy and began his junior career with the Delhi Under-15 team. He made his international debut in 2008 and soon established himself as a prominent member of the ODI team, eventually making his Test debut in 2011. For the first time, Kohli topped the ICC ODI batting rankings in 2013. During the 2014 T20 World Cup, he set a competition record for the most runs scored. In 2018, he became the world's top-ranked Test batsman, making him the only Indian cricketer to hold the number one place in all three versions of the game. In 2019, he became the first player to score 20,000 international runs in a single decade. Following the T20 World Cup in 2021, Kohli decided to step down as captain of the Indian national team for T20Is, and he stood down as captain of the Test team in early 2022. He has garnered numerous awards for his achievements on the cricket pitch. He was named the ICC One-Day International Player of the Year in 2012 and has twice won the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy, which is awarded to the ICC Cricketer of the Year, in 2017 and 2018. Kohli was the best run scorer in the 2012 Asia Cup, scoring 357 runs. Kohli was also named ICC Test Player of the Year and ICC ODI Player of the Year in 2018, making him the first player to get both honours in the same year. In addition, from 2016 to 2018, he was crowned the Wisden Top Cricketer in the World for three years in a row. Kohli received the Arjuna Award in 2013, the Padma Shri in the sports category in 2017, and the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna medal, India's highest sporting honour, in 2018.",summarization "Classify these vegetables based on their color. mushroom, spinach, cauliflower, broccoli",,"White - cauliflower, mushroom Green - broccoli, spinach",classification List some common citrus-based beverages.,,"Some common citrus-based beverages include orange juice, grapefruit juice, lemonade, Mountain Dew, mimosas",brainstorming List a few female comedians that have Netflix specials,,"Ali Wong, Wanda Sykes, and Taylor Tomlinson",brainstorming "Choose the word which is different from the rest: Car, Scooter, Helicopter, Aeroplane, Cycle",,All except Cycle run on fuel.,classification "Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Slovakia or Croatia. Košice, Bratislava, Zagreb, Split, Petržalka, Rijeka",,"Slovakia - Bratislava, Košice, Petržalka Croatia - Zagreb, Rijeka, Split",classification How is the order of the NFL draft determined?,,The order of the NFL draft is determined by the record of each team during the previous season. The teams with the worst records choose before the teams with better records.,open_qa "From the passage provided, list the partners with whom Martina Hingis won the doubles Grand Slam in 1998","In 1998, Hingis won all four of the Grand Slam women's doubles titles, only the fourth in women's tennis history to do so, (the Australian Open with Mirjana Lučić and the other three events with Novotná), and she became only the third woman to hold the No. 1 ranking in both singles and doubles simultaneously. She also retained her Australian Open singles title by beating Conchita Martínez in straight sets in the final. Hingis, however, lost in the final of the US Open to Lindsay Davenport. Davenport ended an 80-week stretch Hingis had enjoyed as the No. 1 singles player in October 1998, but Hingis finished the year by beating Davenport in the final of the WTA Tour Championships.","- Mirjana Lučić - Jana Novotná",information_extraction "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Leedsichthys, Monarch Butterfly",,"Monarch Butterfly is alive, Leedsichthys is extinct.",classification What is the difference between natural and real numbers?,,"Natural numbers include positive whole numbers. For example, 1 and 2 belong to the natural set of numbers. Real numbers include any numbers between minus infinity and plus infinity. Natural numbers are subset of real numbers.",open_qa Are these companies private or public,,"Tesla, Amazon, Uber, Microsoft, Facebook",classification "Classify each of the following as a language or religion: Spanish, Catholicism, Islam, Judaism, Mandarin, Arabic",,"Spanish: Language Catholicism: Religion Islam: Religion Judaism: Religion Mandarin: Language Arabic: Language",classification "What are Calories, and what is the difference between good and bad calories?",,"Calories are the physical units for measuring heat and energy. The nutritional energy contained in fat, protein, and carbohydrates (also knowns as macronutrients or macros for short) is expressed in kilocalories (kcal or Cal) and makes up your daily caloric intake. Our bodies need the energy provided by these macronutrients to function properly. If you consume fewer calories than you burn, you will lose weight. On the other hand, if you consume more calories than you consume, you will gain weight. Calories are categorized as good or bad based on the sources, and its positive or negative impacts on our body. Negative impacts to body include increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and depression. Bad calories come from sources like meat, fat, sugar and processed foods. Good calories come from eating a whole-grain diet high in fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, and nuts. That said, you should listen to your body, and do what feels right and avoid thinking in terms of “good” or “bad” food. Just be aware of how different foods make you feel, and your mind will automatically tune into this over time and help you fight craving foods loaded with bad calories.",open_qa Who was the greatest President of the United States of America?,,"Abraham Lincoln, he served as our 16th president from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. He led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the nation as a constitutional union and succeeded in abolishing slavery. He was moderate Republican who started out as a Prairie lawyer.",open_qa "Is this a list of universities or companies: Alphabet, Microsoft, Dell, John Deere, and JP Morgan Chase?",,That is a list of companies.,classification "Tell me whether each animal has feathers or hair: falcon, pigeon, chimpanzee, cat, cardinal, hamster, horse",,"Falcon: Feathers Pigeon: Feathers Chimpanzee: Hair Cat: Hair Cardinal: Feathers Hamster: Hair Horse: Hair",classification "Classify each of the following as an instrument or tool: screw driver, guitar, trumpet, chisel, tuba, wrench",,"Screw Driver: Tool Guitar: Instrument Trumpet: Instrument Chisel: Tool Tuba: Instrument Wrench: Tool",classification How many cities in Lithuania are larger than Neris?,"Jonava railway bridge (lit. Jonavos geležinkelio tiltas, Jonavos geležinis tiltas) is a railway bridge over the Neris in Jonava (Jonava district municipality), the ninth largest city in Lithuania with a population of ca 35,000.","Eight cities are larger than Neris in Lithuania. This is because Neris is the 9th largest, meaning there are 8 which are larger.",closed_qa "Tell me whether each of these sports is in the winter or summer olympics: track, skiing, snowboarding, curling, golf, soccer",,"Track: Summer Olympics Skiing: Winter Olympics Snowboarding: Winter Olympics Curling: Winter Olympics Golf: Summer Olympics Soccer: Summer Olympics",classification "Based on the following passage list when schools close and resume from summer holidays in Russia, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.","Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary. Many families will take holidays for a week or two over summer, particularly in Southern Hemisphere Western countries with statutory Christmas and New Year holidays. In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August. In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August. Similarly, in Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August. In the Southern Hemisphere, school summer holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year. In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June. In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October.","1. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August. 2. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year.",information_extraction "Classify each of the following as a planet or a star: Neptune, Saturn, Pollux, Sun, Jupiter, Mercury",,"Neptune: Planet Saturn: Planet Pollux: Star Sun: Star Jupiter: Planet Mercury: Planet",classification "Who does Machiavelli believe exemplifies the characteristics of a true prince in The Prince, and why does he hold this belief?",,"In Machiavelli’s, The Prince, Machiavelli describes in great detail the extent to which a true prince should rule their state to ensure complete dominance and obedience of its people. He explains the numerous prerequisites and responsibilities of a prince, in which he exemplifies throughout the text through the different figures, in both positive and negative contexts. Throughout The Prince, one figure, who Machiavelli makes clear he has great respect for, highlighting quite frequently, is Cesare Borgia whom he even refers to with the status comparable to the level of God exclaiming that “there was one man who showed glimpses of greatness... that made you think he was sent by God” (26). Similar rhetoric is frequently used to describe Cesare Borgia throughout the text. In search of who truly exemplifies the characterization of “The Prince,” it can generally seem to be Cesare Borgia from the high praise of Machiavelli, but in reality this is not the case. Rather, the title of “The Prince” belongs to a more subtle figure: Ferdinand of Aragon, the King of Spain. This connection is made because of the numerous contradictions Machiavelli makes in praise of Cesare Borgia and other important figures in the text, while many key characteristics of a true prince that Machiavelli speaks of hold without contradiction for Ferdinand. Machiavelli exemplifies his teachings through Cesare Borgia’s actions seen in chapter 7 when Cesare Borgia conquered the state of Romagna: immediately crushing the opponent using great cruelty, using a scapegoat to thwart the hatred away from him, and finally killing the scapegoat to create a sense of power and fear within the new states inhabitants. These actions, that explain why he is so highly idolized by Machiavelli, do not go without the fact that other fundamental characteristics of Cesare Borgia directly contradict Machiavelli's notion of the most dominant prince. A prime example is in how “Cesare Borgia... acquired his state during the ascendancy of his father, and on its decline he lost it” (7). Inheritance obviously requires significantly less effort compared to creating a new principality. Although Cesare Borgia later conquers new principalities, it can be inferred that a rise to power through his fathers fortune was a significant catalyst and does not exemplify virtues of the ideal prince. Other figures in the book receive similar praise in leadership abilities, but still lack what qualities compare to the ideal prince. These figures include Pope Julius II, whose power is highlighted by Machiavelli in chapter 13 as being consistent more with fortune rather than virtù in his campaign for conquer, Pope Alexander VI, who although displays cunning ability to bring the catholic empire eventual dominance and power, did so with the initial help of being “granted a title and income from the Roman Catholic Church by his uncle Alonso”.1 Many figures follow the same pattern in that they follow many principles exemplified in The Prince, but of course with so many requisites to be a true prince, these figures do not follow the explicit definition of a prince. One figure however, follows Machiavelli’s points very closely and exemplifies the fundamentals of a true prince in his beginnings, leaving almost no flaws in his rise to becoming a true prince: Ferdinand of Aragon. Ferdinand’s characteristics lead him to the title of “The Prince” but a core virtù is what truly sets him apart from the other figures: his rise to power. Almost immediately in The Prince, Machiavelli describes the differences between principalities and emphasizes how maintaining a 1 “Alexander VI.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-VI. new principality is far more difficult than inheritance. This is largely evident in Ferdinand’s rise to leadership in what Machiavelli describes him as “, by fame and glory, from being an insignificant king to be the foremost king in Christendom” (21). Ferdinand demonstrates his cunning deception through his plot for power, “always using religion as a plea, so as to undertake greater schemes, himself with pious cruelty to driving out and clearing his kingdom of the Moors” (21). Machiavelli marks this never being “a more admirable example, nor one more rare” in which he uses religion as a cloak of invisibility to deceptively conquer states (21). These natural abilities are what make Ferdinand admirable and what separate him from the rest of the figures in the text. This feeling is shared by Machiavelli exclaiming “that his actions have arisen in such a way, one out of the other, that men have never been given time to work steadily against him” (21).",creative_writing What are the cutest animals on the planet?,,"- baby puppies - small sloths - lemurs - baby chicks - kittens - bunnies - baby otters - arctic foxes",brainstorming "Given a reference text that describes LVMH, what brands are part of LVMH?","Wines and spirits Ao Yun Ardbeg Belvedere Bodega Numanthia Cape Mentelle Chandon Château d'Esclans Château Cheval Blanc Château d'Yquem Cheval des Andes Clos des Lambrays Cloudy Bay Colgin Cellars Dom Pérignon Glenmorangie Hennessy Krug Mercier Moët & Chandon Newton Vineyard Ruinart Terrazas de los Andes Veuve Clicquot Volcan de mi Tierra Woodinville Fashion and leather goods Berluti Birkenstock Celine Christian Dior Emilio Pucci Fendi Givenchy JW Anderson Kenzo Loewe Loro Piana Louis Vuitton Marc Jacobs Moynat Off-White Patou Phoebe Philo Rimowa Stella McCartney Perfumes and cosmetics Acqua di Parma Benefit Cosmetics BITE Beauty Cha Ling Fenty Beauty by Rihanna Fresh Beauty Parfums Givenchy Guerlain Kenzo Parfums KVD Vegan Beauty Maison Francis Kurkdjian Make Up For Ever Marc Jacobs Beauty Officine Universelle Buly Ole Henriksen Parfums Christian Dior Perfumes Loewe Sephora Watches and jewelry Bulgari Chaumet Daniel Roth Fred Hublot Gerald Genta Repossi TAG Heuer Tiffany & Co. Zenith Selective retailing DFS La Grande Epicerie La Samaritaine Le Bon Marché Starboard Cruise Services Other activities Belmond Maisons Cheval Blanc Connaissance des Arts Cova Investir Jardin d'Acclimatation Le Parisien Les Echos Radio Classique Royal Van Lent","U.S. LVMH controls around 60 subsidiaries that manage 75 prestigious brands. These include Tiffany & Co., Christian Dior, Fendi, Givenchy, Marc Jacobs, Stella McCartney, Loewe, Loro Piana, Kenzo, Celine, Sephora, Princess Yachts, TAG Heuer, and Bulgari.",closed_qa "Based on this text, extract the characters Farley performed in a bulleted list.","Popular characters performed by Farley included Matt Foley, an over-the-top motivational speaker who frequently reminded other characters that he was ""living in a van down by the river!"" The character was created by Bob Odenkirk when he and Farley were performers at Second City. The character's name came from a longtime friend of Farley's who became a Catholic priest and currently serves as head pastor at St. James Catholic Church in Arlington Heights, Illinois. In early renditions of the character, Farley used other names, depending on whom he knew in the audience, until the real-life Foley went to the show and had his name used, at which point Farley felt the name best suited the character and refused to change it. Some of the mannerisms of the character were a combination of the positions Farley noticed his rugby teammates took on the pitch coupled with his high school football coach's habit of squatting down when giving pep talks and the voice his father used when he was angry. Other famous Farley characters included Todd O'Connor of Bill Swerski's Superfans, a group of stereotypical Chicagoans who repeatedly shouted ""da Bears!""; a would-be Chippendales dancer, in a famous sketch that paired him with guest host Patrick Swayze; one of the ""Gap Girls"", who worked together at a local mall; a stereotypical lunch lady, to the theme of ""Lunchlady Land""' performed by Adam Sandler; Bennett Brauer, a Weekend Update commentator who often divulged his personal and hygienic problems via air quotes; and himself on The Chris Farley Show, a talk show in which Farley ""interviewed"" the guest with poorly conceived questions or trailed off about subjects not germane to the guest.","-Matt Foley -Todd O'Connor -Would-be Chippendales dancer -One of the ""Gap Girls"" -A lunch lady -Bennett Brauer -Chris Farley on The Chris Farley Show",information_extraction "Classify each of the following as a new world or old world crop: Potato, Corn, Tomato, Wheat, Oat, Cacao, Apple, Olive",,"Potato: New World, Corn: New World, Tomato: New World, Wheat: Old World, Oat: Old World, Cacao: New World, Apple: Old World, Olive: Old World",classification Give me a bulleted list of brands that make golf clubs,,"- Taylormade - Titleist - Callaway - Ping - Cobra - PXG",brainstorming Give me a list of popular tourist attractions in Rome,,"Some popular tourist attractions are: - Colosseum - Pantheon - Trevi Fountain - St. Peter's Basilica - Roman Forum - Spanish Steps",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Dollu, Tidinet",,"Tidinet is string, Dollu is percussion.",classification Wthat is the difference between Speed and Velocity ?,,"Speed denotes only how fast an object is moving, whereas velocity describes both how fast and in which direction the object is moving. If a car is said to travel at 60 miles per hour, its speed has been specified. However, if the car is said to move at 60 miles per hour to the north, its velocity has now been specified. The big difference can be discerned when considering movement around a circle. When something moves in a circular path and returns to its starting point, its average velocity is zero, but its average speed is found by dividing the circumference of the circle by the time taken to move around the circle. This is because the average velocity is calculated by considering only the displacement between the starting and end points, whereas the average speed considers only the total distance travelled.",open_qa What is the status of Sam Bankman-Fried?,,"Sam Bankman-Fried created the cryptocurrency exchange FTX and the associated trading firm Alameda Research. He was charged with eight criminal charges for offenses including wire fraud, commodities fraud, securities fraud, money laundering, and campaign finance law violations by the US District Court for the Southern District of New York. On December 12, 2022, Bankman-Fried was arrested in the Bahamas and was subsequently extradited to the United States. On December 22, Bankman-Fried was released on a $250 million bond cosigned by his parents, both Stanford law professors, on condition that he reside at his parents' home in California.",open_qa Make a list for basic school supplies.,,"Pencils, Index cards, Binder, Glue stick, Pencil sharpener, Erasers, Highlighters, Sharpie pens",brainstorming "Of this list of countries, which of these countries shares a border with at least one other country, and which do not? New Zealand, Canada, France, Australia, Germany, Finland, Turkey and Japan.",,"Canada, France, Germany, Finland, and Turkey all share a border with other countries. New Zealand, Australia and Japan do not share a border with any other country.",classification Is the earth flat?,,"No, the Earth is round, just like all other planets. The gravitational pull of its mass forces it into a spherical shape. The gravity force pulls the material toward the center of the planet. The flat earth theory is scientifically disproven. The earth is not entirely round, though, because the centrifugal force of its spin causes the earth to bulge slightly around the equator.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about Fyre Festival, would you say that it was a successful event?","Fyre Festival was a fraudulent luxury music festival founded by con artist Billy McFarland and rapper Ja Rule. It was created with the intent of promoting the company's Fyre app for booking music talent. The festival was scheduled to take place on April 28–30 and May 5–7, 2017, on the Bahamian island of Great Exuma.","No, Fyre Festival was a fraudulent luxury music festival founded by con artist Billy McFarland and rapper Ja Rule",closed_qa What is a list of knitting pattern abbreviations and their meanings?,,"Kn: knit n stitches Pn: purl n stitches S: slip stitch YO: yarn over CC: contrast color Mn: make n stitches Inc n: increase n stitches KnT: knit n together PnT: purl n together RT: right twist (cabling) LT: left twist (cabling) PRT: purl right twist PLT: purl left twist (): special instructions",open_qa What ingredients are no longer used in ketchup?,"Ketchup or catsup is a table condiment with a sweet and sour flavor. The unmodified term (""ketchup"") now typically refers to tomato ketchup, although early recipes used egg whites, mushrooms, oysters, grapes, mussels, or walnuts, among other ingredients. Tomato ketchup is made from tomatoes, sugar, and vinegar, with seasonings and spices. The spices and flavors vary, but commonly include onions, allspice, coriander, cloves, cumin, garlic, and mustard, and sometimes include celery, cinnamon, or ginger.[citation needed] The market leader in the United States (60% market share) and the United Kingdom (82%) is Heinz Tomato Ketchup. Tomato ketchup is most often used as a condiment to dishes that are usually served hot and are fried or greasy: french fries and other potato dishes, hamburgers, hot dogs, chicken tenders, hot sandwiches, meat pies, cooked eggs, and grilled or fried meat. Ketchup is sometimes used as the basis for, or as one ingredient in, other sauces and dressings, and the flavor may be replicated as an additive flavoring for snacks, such as potato chips.","Ketchup used to contain many different ingredients that created the sweet and sour flavor traditionally associated with tomato ketchup, including egg whites, mushrooms, oysters, grapes, mussels, or walnuts.",summarization Who is the most popular president ever in the USA?,,The most popular president ever in the USA is Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was president from 1933 to 1945 and is remembered for his New Deal programs that helped to improve the economy and the lives of Americans during the Great Depression.,brainstorming Extract a list of all of the communties and counties mentioned in this article about SH 115.,"SH 115 begins at an intersection with Interstate 20 and Farm to Market Road 1927 in Pyote. The route travels north along the eastern edge of town and through Far West Texas oil fields before reaching Wink. The route then turns northeast, next reaching Kermit. The route travels through downtown Kermit, passing the Winkler County Courthouse. The route continues to the northeast, crossing oil fields of Winkler and Andrews Counties, before reaching Andrews. The route travels through Andrews, intersecting U.S. Route 385. The route continues northeast, crossing through the intersection of Andrews, Gaines, Martin, and Dawson Counties before reaching its terminus at SH 349 at the unincorporated community of Patricia, Texas.","Pyote, Wink, Kermit, Winkler, Andrews, Gaines, Martin, Dawson, Patricia",information_extraction how do you smoke a brisket?,,"you first need to fire up your smoker, traditionally in texas this would be an offset smoker. You trim your brisket to a quarter inch of fat ontop and make this arrowdynamic. You then season generously with salt and pepper. when your smoker reached a temperature of 250 you insert the brisket. You should burn a clean fire with only hard wood such as oak, beech, post oak, apple, cherry or nut wood. the smoke out of the smoke stack should be blue almost invisible. you then smoke the brisket until it reaches an internal temp of 165 if the exterior is nice and dark, take the brisket wrap it with beef tallow in butchers paper add bac to the smoker and let smoke until reaching an internal temperature of 205. then preheat an oven to 150 and place the brisket in the oven overnight. serve for lunch the day after or after resting for at least 10-12 hours. enjoy",creative_writing Give me some examples of spoonerisms.,,"Spoonerisms are where the first one or two letters of a word are transposed with another word to create two new words with another meaning. Some examples of this are ""boiled icicle"", ""bunny phone"" or ""must tree"".",brainstorming Is the sum of an even number and an odd number even or odd?,,It's an odd number.,open_qa "Classify each of the following on the basis of text (alphabetically) or numbers (numerically) - Bangalore, 265, Apple, 10, Bag, 49.",,"The classification can be done either on the basis of numbers which could be either numerically or in roman context. If we eliminate the same, the other one will be on the basis of text. Based on the above explanation, it could be classified as : Text - Bangalore, Apple, Bag Numbers - 265, 10, 49",classification "What are the best brunch places in Burlingame, CA?",,"Crepevine, Stacks, Coopenhagen, Mints and Honey, Alanas, and Caffe Central.",open_qa "Based on this text, would it be correct to say a peanut is a nut?","The peanut (Arachis hypogaea), also known as the groundnut, goober, pindar or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, important to both small and large commercial producers. It is classified as both a grain legume and, due to its high oil content, an oil crop. World annual production of shelled peanuts was 44 million tonnes in 2016, led by China with 38% of the world total. Atypically among legume crop plants, peanut pods develop underground (geocarpy) rather than above ground. With this characteristic in mind, the botanist Carl Linnaeus gave peanuts the specific epithet hypogaea, which means ""under the earth"". The peanut belongs to the botanical family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), commonly known as the legume, bean, or pea family. Like most other legumes, peanuts harbor symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules. The capacity to fix nitrogen means peanuts require less nitrogen-containing fertilizer and improve soil fertility, making them valuable in crop rotations. Peanuts are similar in taste and nutritional profile to tree nuts such as walnuts and almonds, and, as a culinary nut, are often served in similar ways in Western cuisines. The botanical definition of a nut is ""a fruit whose ovary wall becomes hard at maturity."" Using this criterion, the peanut is not a nut. However, peanuts are usually categorized as nuts for culinary purposes and in common English more generally.","This article describes different ways to classify a peanut. In a culinary or colloquial regard, yes it can be considered a nut. In the botanical or biological definition, it is not a nut but rather a legume.",summarization What is Dragon Ball Z?,"Dragon Ball Z is a Japanese anime television series produced by Toei Animation. Part of the Dragon Ball media franchise, it is the sequel to the 1986 Dragon Ball anime series and adapts the latter 325 chapters of the original Dragon Ball manga series created by Akira Toriyama. The series aired in Japan on Fuji TV from April 1989 to January 1996 and was later dubbed for broadcast in at least 81 countries worldwide. Dragon Ball Z continues the adventures of Goku in his adult life as he and his companions defend the Earth against villains including aliens (Vegeta, Frieza), androids (Cell), and magical creatures (Majin Buu). At the same time, the story parallels the life of his son, Gohan, as well as the development of his rivals, Piccolo and Vegeta.","Dragon Ball Z is a manga and an anime about an alien man who comes to Earth named Goku. It picks up the show from its prequel Dragon Ball and is analogous to Superman. Goku is a Saiyan, a race of fighting aliens, and as an adult, he and his friends, the Z fighters, defend the Earth from other Saiyans such as Raditz and Vegeta, alien overlords such as Frieza, androids such as Cell, and magical creatures such as Majin Buu.",summarization "Given a reference text about Marcus Morton, tell me what year he was born and why he let the Democratic Party.","Marcus Morton (1784 – February 6, 1864) was an American lawyer, jurist, and politician from Taunton, Massachusetts. He served two terms as Governor of Massachusetts and several months as Acting Governor following the death in 1825 of William Eustis. He served for 15 years as an associate justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, all the while running unsuccessfully as a Democrat for governor. He finally won the 1839 election, acquiring exactly the number of votes required for a majority win over Edward Everett. After losing the 1840 and 1841 elections, he was elected in a narrow victory in 1842. The Massachusetts Democratic Party was highly factionalized, which contributed to Morton's long string of defeats. His brief periods of ascendancy, however, resulted in no substantive Democratic-supported reforms, since the dominant Whigs reversed most of the changes enacted during his terms. An opponent of the extension of slavery, he split with longtime friend John C. Calhoun over that issue, and eventually left the party for the Free Soil movement. He was considered by Martin Van Buren as a potential vice presidential running mate in 1848.",Marcus Morton was born in 1784. He left the Democratic Party because he opposed the extension of slavery.,closed_qa "Classify the following foods as Indian or Japanese: Sushi, Sashimi, Ramen, Naan, Chicken Tikka Masala, Samosa",,"Sushi: Japanese Sashimi: Japanese Ramen: Japanese Naan: Indian Chicken Tikka Masala: Indian Samosa: Indian",classification "Classify each car as a Ford or Tesla: Model Y, F150, Focus, Fiesta, Model X",,"Model Y: Tesla F150: Ford Focus: Ford Fiesta: Ford Model X: Tesla",classification How do airplanes land?,,The pilot reduces engine power which lowers thrust. This reduces the lift and the plane descends.,open_qa Extract one of the franchise introduced in IPL 2022 from the text and who won the title during the previous session.,"The 2022 Indian Premier League, also known as IPL 15 or for sponsorship reasons, TATA IPL 2022, was the fifteenth season of the Indian Premier League (IPL), a professional Twenty20 cricket league established by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. The tournament was played from 26 March 2022 to 29 May 2022. The group stage of the tournament was played entirely in the state of Maharashtra, with Mumbai, Navi Mumbai and Pune hosting matches. The season saw the expansion of the league with the addition of two new franchises. Chennai Super Kings were the defending champions, having won their fourth title during the previous season. In the final one of the new franchises, Gujarat Titans, beat Rajasthan Royals by seven wickets to win their first title.","The IPL 2022 season saw the expansion of the league with the addition of two new franchises, and one of them was Gujarat Titans. Gujarat Titans, beat Rajasthan Royals by seven wickets to win their first title. Also, Chennai Super Kings were the defending champions, having won their fourth title during the previous season.",information_extraction "Tell me whether these countries hosted the Olympics: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Côte d'Ivoire, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia (Czech Republic), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, ""Eswatini , Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Korea, North Macedonia, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine State, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe",,"Country,Hosted Olympic? Albania,No Algeria,No Andorra,No Angola,No Antigua and Barbuda,No Argentina,No Armenia,No Australia,Yes Austria,Yes Azerbaijan,No Bahamas,No Bahrain,No Bangladesh,No Barbados,No Belarus,No Belgium,Yes Belize,No Benin,No Bhutan,No Bolivia,No Bosnia and Herzegovina,No Botswana,No Brazil,Yes Brunei,No Bulgaria,No Burkina Faso,No Burundi,No Côte d'Ivoire,No Cabo Verde,No Cambodia,No Cameroon,No Canada,Yes Central African Republic,No Chad,No Chile,No China,Yes Colombia,No Comoros,No Congo (Congo-Brazzaville),No Costa Rica,No Croatia,No Cuba,No Cyprus,No Czechia (Czech Republic),No Democratic Republic of the Congo,No Denmark,No Djibouti,No Dominica,No Dominican Republic,No Ecuador,No Egypt,No El Salvador,No Equatorial Guinea,No Eritrea,No Estonia,No Eswatini ,No Ethiopia,No Fiji,No Finland,Yes France,Yes Gabon,No Gambia,No Georgia,No Germany,Yes Ghana,No Greece,Yes Grenada,No Guatemala,No Guinea,No Guinea-Bissau,No Guyana,No Haiti,No Holy See,No Honduras,No Hungary,No Iceland,No India,No Indonesia,No Iran,No Iraq,No Ireland,No Israel,No Italy,Yes Jamaica,No Japan,Yes Jordan,No Kazakhstan,No Kenya,No Kiribati,No Kuwait,No Kyrgyzstan,No Laos,No Latvia,No Lebanon,No Lesotho,No Liberia,No Libya,No Liechtenstein,No Lithuania,No Luxembourg,No Madagascar,No Malawi,No Malaysia,No Maldives,No Mali,No Malta,No Marshall Islands,No Mauritania,No Mauritius,No Mexico,Yes Micronesia,No Moldova,No Monaco,No Mongolia,No Montenegro,No Morocco,No Mozambique,No Myanmar (formerly Burma),No Namibia,No Nauru,No Nepal,No Netherlands,Yes New Zealand,No Nicaragua,No Niger,No Nigeria,No North Korea,No North Macedonia,No Norway,Yes Oman,No Pakistan,No Palau,No Palestine State,No Panama,No Papua New Guinea,No Paraguay,No Peru,No Philippines,No Poland,No Portugal,No Qatar,No Romania,No Russia,No Rwanda,No Saint Kitts and Nevis,No Saint Lucia,No Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,No Samoa,No San Marino,No Sao Tome and Principe,No Saudi Arabia,No Senegal,No Serbia,No Seychelles,No Sierra Leone,No Singapore,No Slovakia,No Slovenia,No Solomon Islands,No Somalia,No South Africa,No South Korea,Yes South Sudan,No Spain,Yes Sri Lanka,No Sudan,No Suriname,No Sweden,Yes Switzerland,Yes Syria,No Tajikistan,No Tanzania,No Thailand,No Timor-Leste,No Togo,No Tonga,No Trinidad and Tobago,No Tunisia,No Turkey,No Turkmenistan,No Tuvalu,No Uganda,No Ukraine,No United Arab Emirates,No United Kingdom,Yes United States of America,No Uruguay,No Uzbekistan,No Vanuatu,No Venezuela,No Vietnam,No Yemen,No Zambia,No Zimbabwe,No",classification What are some good rainy day activities?,,"Watching a movie, baking, knitting, drawing, coloring, organizing your closet, organizing your kitchen cabinets, getting rid of clutter around the house, painting a picture, cleaning ceiling fans and baseboards",brainstorming "Tell whether these are countries, cities, continents or neither: Australia, Mexico, Mexico city, Antartica, Singapore, India, Gulf, Beijing, Jakarta, Luxembourg, Vatican City",,"Australia is a country as well as a continent. Mexico is a country. Mexico City is a city. Antarctica is a continent. Singapore is a country as well as a city. India is a country. Gulf is neither. Beijing is a city. Jakarta is a city. Luxembourg is a country as well as a city. Vatican City is a country as well as a city.",classification "If you could not fill a pool with water, what would you fill it with?",,"If I could not fill a pool with water, I would fill it with; 1) feathers, 2) bubbles, 3) flour, 4) syrup, 5) sour cream, 6) planted flowers, or 7) rocks.",brainstorming "Sort these into breakfast or dinner foods: Waffles, pancakes, turkey, chicken noodle soup, salad, bacon and eggs, egg drop soup",,"The breakfast foods are waffles, pancakes and bacon and eggs. The dinner foods are turkey, chicken noodle soup, salad, and egg drop soup",classification Think up 5 different reasons to give my boss to take off work.,,"Here are 5 different reasons you can give your boss to take off work: 1. You have to go to your kid's award ceremony 2. You got food poisoning 3. The power at your house went out 4. You car is in the shop and you have no ride to work 5. Your family made a surprise visit to see you.",brainstorming Give me a list of ten vegetables that are green.,,"1. Asparagus 2. Brussel sprout 3. Green bean 4. Broccoli 5. Kale 6. Peas 7. Cabbage 8. Celery 9. Artichoke 10. Arugula",brainstorming List five titles by Veronica Roth.,,"Divergent, Allegiant, Insurgent, Carve the Mark, Chosen Ones",open_qa What's the origin of Dog Day Afternoon?,"Dog Day Afternoon is a 1975 American biographical crime drama film directed by Sidney Lumet and produced by Martin Bregman and Martin Elfand. The film stars Al Pacino, John Cazale, James Broderick, and Charles Durning. The screenplay is written by Frank Pierson and is based on the Life magazine article ""The Boys in the Bank"" by P. F. Kluge and Thomas Moore. The feature chronicled the 1972 robbery and hostage situation led by John Wojtowicz and Salvatore Naturile at a Chase Manhattan branch in Brooklyn.","This is a real incident that happened in NY in the mid-70s. It's about this man (played by Al Pacino) who's married to a woman. But then he also fell in love with a man. His partner said he's trapped in the wrong body. So, Al Pacino decided to rob a bank to get money for his partner's sex change.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph about Chief Uncas, who was he?","Uncas was born near the Thames River in present-day Connecticut, the son of the Mohegan sachem Owaneco. Uncas is a variant of the Mohegan term Wonkus, meaning ""Fox"". He was a descendant of the principal sachems of the Mohegans, Pequots, and Narragansetts. Owaneco presided over the village known as Montonesuck. Uncas was bilingual, learning Mohegan and some English, and possibly some Dutch. In 1626, Owaneco arranged for Uncas to marry the daughter of the principal Pequot sachem Tatobem to secure an alliance with them. Owaneco died shortly after this marriage, and Uncas had to submit to Tatobem's authority. Tatobem was captured and killed by the Dutch in 1633; Sassacus became his successor, but Uncas felt that he deserved to be sachem. Owaneco's alliance with Tatobem was based upon a balance of power between the Mohegans and Pequots. After the death of Owaneco, the balance changed in favour of the Pequots. Uncas was unwilling to challenge the power of Tatobem; however, Uncas did begin contesting Pequot authority over the Mohegans. In 1634 with Narragansett support, Uncas rebelled against Sassacus and Pequot authority. Uncas was defeated and became an exile among the Narragansetts. He soon returned from exile after ritually humiliating himself before Sassacus. His failed challenges resulted in Uncas having little land and few followers, but Uncas saw that the newly arriving Puritan colonists, though few in number, had better weapons and much courage, so he started to develop a new strategy and alliance to work towards his ultimate goal of Grand Sachem.","Uncas (c. 1588 – c. 1683) was a sachem of the Mohegans who made the Mohegans the leading regional Indian tribe in lower Connecticut, through his alliance with the New England colonists against other Indian tribes.",closed_qa Extract the Greek cities mentioned in the below text and list them from smallest to largest,"Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Sea of Crete and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin, featuring thousands of islands. The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions, and has a population of approximately 10.5 million. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki and Patras.","Patras, Thessaloniki and Athens",information_extraction What are some easy food recipes that include beef?,,"Some recipes that include beef as an ingredient include beef stew, roast beef, beef wellington, and ground beef burgers.",brainstorming Give me five tips for practicing a speech.,,"(1) Write out the speech by hand. Handwriting can help you to memorize the text. (2) Write out a very short (5-point) outline, with one or two key lines you want to emphasize. If you can remember these, you can fill in the rest. (3) Practice the speech in an unusual situation, such as facing a blank wall or in the middle of an open field. If you can stay on point and deliver the speech there, then you can do it in front of an audience. (4) Record yourself practicing, and listen to the recording. Ideally, use video so you can see your gestures and body language. (5) Practice in an exaggerated manner: speak more loudly than you think you need to; use big, slow hand gestures; and speak more slowly than you plan to.",brainstorming "I would like to build an investment portfolio with a balance of short term and longer term investments. For short term I would like a return on investment within two years. Please tell me which of these investments fall into the short-term bucket and which are longer-term: 10 year Treasury Bonds, Growth Stocks, Bitcoin, Index Funds, Precious Metals, High-yield Savings Accounts, 1-2 year Treasury Bonds, Real Estate.",,"Short term investment bucket: High-yield savings accounts, 1-2 year Treasury Bonds. Longer term investment bucket: Longer-term investment: Growth stocks, Index Funds, Real Estate, Precious Metals, Bitcoin, 10 year Treasury bonds. Note: This classification is for informational purposes only and is not financial advice. Please consult a financial advisor.",classification Give me a list of pizza restaurants in San Francisco,,"There are a lot of different types of pizza restaurants in San Francisco. For more casual pizza restaurants, try any Round Table, Dominos, Pizza Hut, or for a more local experience, Golden Boy Pizza. If you're interested in sit down dining pizza options, try Del Popolo, Tony's Slice House, or Il Casaro in North Beach.",brainstorming "Given this table of races and dates, how many races took place after July? Give the answer as a number.","Round Circuit Date 1 United States Circuit of the Americas, Elroy, Texas 2–3 March 2 United States Virginia International Raceway, Alton, Virginia 27–28 April 3 Canada Canadian Tire Motorsport Park, Bowmanville, Ontario 18–19 May 4 United States Sonoma Raceway, Sonoma, California 8–9 June 5 United States Watkins Glen International, Watkins Glen, New York 31 August–1 September 6 United States Road America, Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin 21–22 September 7 United States Las Vegas Motor Speedway, Las Vegas, Nevada 19–20 October",3,closed_qa "Tell me whether these are alcoholic or non alcoholic drinks: sprite, mojito, beer, orange juice, water, manhattan, cranberry juice, milk",,"Sprite is a non alcoholic soft drink. Mojitos are alcoholic cocktails that typically contain rum, lime juice, simple syrup, and fresh mint. Beer is an alcoholic beverage, Orange juice is a non alcoholic drink. Water is a non alcoholic beverage. A manhattan is a an alcoholic cocktail that typically contains whiskey, vermouth, bitters and a brandied cherry for garnish. Cranberry juice is a non alcoholic drink. Milk is a non alcoholic drink.",classification Imagine you are the last person on Earth. Write a diary entry describing your thoughts and feelings.,,"Today is the 365th day that I've spent on this earth alone. While one year has passed, my days continue to remain the same. Every night, I wake up at 10:00pm, long before the scorching sunrise, to search for food, water, and any other essential items that I can cart back to my lonely den. My search concludes by 5:00am, which gives me a few hours before the first light and guaranteed death. The heat has become so destructive during the day, that I often find buildings and cars spontaneously up in flames during my nightly travels. It's becoming more and more difficult to find viable food that hasn't yet been burnt to a crisp. My nocturnal transition is the only reason that I am alive today. I use to look up at the stars in anger that the universe could be so cruel. As time has passed, I have learned to forgive the dwarf star off to the east, as he is just as alone as I am and for far longer. Sometimes I feel ashamed that I don't have a plan other than simply surviving one more day. As the days heat up, so do the nights. It's likely only a matter of months before earth becomes uninhabitable at all hours of the day. I know my existence is becoming increasingly more finite, and even if there are others out there, their future is just as damning.",creative_writing Who won the 1988 Superbowl,,Washington Redskins,open_qa Give me a list of some underrated countries I've never travelled to.,,"* Mongolia: This hidden gem doesn't get the attention that it needs. Known for Yak, nomad lifestyle, and Gorkhi Terelj National Park, country has a tons of things to offer. * Ecuador: Many tourists comes to Ecuador but to visit popular Galapagos Islands. However, my doing so, they are missing all the goodness that this beautiful and filled with nature, country has to offer. * Slovenia: If you are planning to visit the tourist beloved Croatia, then you might want to also involve its neighbouring country. Slovenia despite being small, has a magnificent Lake Bled and Triglav National Park. On the top, if you less crowded and affordable prices your wish, then it is a definite try. * Laos: Although people are well acquainted with Thailand and Vietnam as countries in South East Asia, this small country is often overlooked. Not only this is a budget-friendly country, it has great waterfalls, caves and bunch of small islands that will definitely make worth a visit.",brainstorming What kind of species is the Linopyrga primitractus,,"Linopyrga primitractus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.",open_qa What is supply and demand?,,"Supply and demand are economic terms in a free-market economy that dictate the price of a good or service. Typically shown on a two-dimensional axis where y is price and x is the quantity, the price of a particular good or service is when the two linear lines intersect. Supply has a negative sloping line indicating that when demand is fixed an increase in quantity of a good or service results in a lower unit price of that good or service. Demand has a positive linear line meaning that has more demand for a good or item increases while supply remains fixed then the price for that good or service increases.",open_qa Give me a list of Tour de France general Classification winners who have won more than 4 times.,,"Jacques Anquetil, Eddie Merckx, Bernard Hinault, Miguel Indurain and Lance Armstrong. Lance Armstrong has won seven times but had those victories rescinded after admitting to using performance enhancing drugs.",brainstorming Who is Linda Hargreaves,,"Linda Hargreaves is a British actress who has appeared on both stage and screen. She made her television debut in the BBC soap opera Doctors and has since returned to the soap on three separate occasions in different roles, most recently in the recurring role of Constance Buchanan. She has also appeared in various television series including Containment and Call the Midwife.",open_qa Which President of the US was less of a hawk than people supposed?,,"Ronald Regan. Although he was considered an arch conservative and ardent neoliberal, he took a liberal approach to arms control. It was Regan who drove for a reduction in strategic arms with Mikhail Gorbachev on a walk by Lake Geneva when he asked if the US was attacked by Aliens ""would you help us?"". Gorbachev replied ""No doubt about it"" and they two found a starting point to a long arms reduction discussion between the two powers and Regan took the initiative to make an offer of deep cuts in arms levels in Reykjavik less than a year later.",open_qa What does an east coast oyster taste like?,,"East Coast oysters tend to have high salinity and a lot of minerality. Predominant flavors include brine, copper, seaweed, or vegetal tastes. The meat, or texture, is often chewy, distinctly more solid than a West Coast oyster.",open_qa Name some TV shows that American actress Gillian Anderson has been in.,,"The X-Files, The Crown, Sex Education, Hannibal, The Fall, The First Lady, The Great",open_qa What age would a child become a tween?,,"Generally a tween is in between their child years and teenage years, between the ages of10 and 13.",open_qa What teams currently play in the English Premier League?,,"AFC Bournemouth, Arsenal, Aston Villa, Brentford, Brighton & Hove Albion, Chelsea, Crystal Palace, Everton, Fulham, Leeds United, Leicester City, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Newcastle United, Nottingham Forest, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, West Ham United, Wolverhampton Wanderers",open_qa "Classify each of the following as a fast food or sit down restaurant: McDonalds, Subway, Chili's, Popeyes, Carrabbas, Domino's, Hooters",,"McDonalds: Fast Food Restaurant Subway: Fast Food Restaurant Chili's: Sit Down Restaurant Popeyes: Fast Food Restaurant Carrabbas: Sit Down Restaurant Domino's: Fast Food Restaurant Hooters: Sit Down Restaurant",classification "Which animals are a dog or cat? a cocker spaniel, labrador, Persian, Maine Coone, and king Charles?",,"A cocker spaniel, labrador and king charles are all dogs. A Persian and Maine Coone are cats.",classification "Classify each of the following theme parks as Disney or Universal Studios: Magic Kingdom, Islands of Adventure, Epcot, Typhoon Lagoon, Volcano Bay",,"Magic Kingdom: Disney Islands of Adventure: Universal Studios Epcot: Disney Typhoon Lagoon: Disney Volcano Bay: Universal Studios",classification "Classify each of the following grades as being in elementary or high school: 10th grade, 3rd grade, 4th grade, 12th grade, 1st grade.",,"10th Grade: High School 3rd Grade: Elementary School 4th Grade: Elementary School 12th Grade: High School 1st Grade: Elementary School",classification "List some of the television gameshows that Bob Stewart created, co-created, and/or produced.",,"The Price is Right, Password, To Tell the Truth, Pyramid shows (such as the $10,000 Pyramid, the $25,000 Pyramid, and so on), Jackpot!, Winning Streak",open_qa What is the NBA All-Star game?,,The NBA All-Star game is a mid-season game where the players who are voted as having the best seasons so far play against each other.,open_qa Please list a few of the professional organizations that Judith Stern participated in during her career.,"In 1974, Judith Stern joined the faculty of the University of California, Davis as an assistant professor in the Department of Nutrition. There her early research centered on differences in the adipose tissue of obese individuals – using Zucker rats as a research model. Eventually her research program grew to include human studies, focused on various obesity treatment regimens. In 1995, Stern was elected to the National Academy of Medicine. At various points she was elected president of the NAASO (1992–1993, now The Obesity Society) and the American Society for Clinical Nutrition. Stern co-founded the American Obesity Association, an advocacy group that lobbied in favor of obesity research and treatment.","Some of the professional organizations that Judith Stern created or participated in are the National Academy of Medicine, the Obesity Society, and the American Society for Clinical Nutrition.",summarization I am totally drunk and don’t know where I am. I can’t even find my way to any place. What do I do?,,"If you are totally drunk and out, locate someone who looks like a worker or employee. Request them to show you the way out. Once you are at a recognisable place, call an uber or lyft. If the area nearby looks unsafe, make a call to your friends or family and share your location details with them. Till they arrive, don’t move from your place.",brainstorming What theme park in the world has the highest cumulative attendance?,"Disneyland has a larger cumulative attendance than any other theme park in the world, with 757 million visits since it opened (as of December 2021). In 2018, the park had approximately 18.6 million visits, making it the second most visited amusement park in the world that year, behind only Magic Kingdom, the very park it inspired. According to a 2005 Disney report, 65,700 jobs are supported by the Disneyland Resort, including about 20,000 direct Disney employees and 3,800 third-party employees (independent contractors or their employees). Disney announced ""Project Stardust"" in 2019, which included major structural renovations to the park to account for higher attendance numbers.","Disneyland, in Anaheim, California, has the largest cumulative attendance of any theme park in the world. As of December, 2021, Disneyland has had 757 million visits since it opened in 1955. Attendance in 2018 was approximately 18.6 million visits, second most visited theme park in the world behind the Magic Kingdom. It's reported that Disneyland supports 65,700 jobs, including 20,000 direct Disney employees and 3,800 third-party employees.",summarization Think of a bunch of ways that you could clean a house.,,You can use a Vacuum or bring in a rug cleaner. You could dust extensively. You could powerwash the outside of the house. You could clean the bathrooms with bleach. You could scrub down all of the kitchen with cleaning supplies. You could paint the walls.,brainstorming What are the primary grapes in a red Bordeaux?,"Red Bordeaux is generally made from a blend of grapes. Permitted grapes are Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Malbec and Carménère. Today Carménère is rarely used, with Château Clerc Milon, a fifth growth Bordeaux, being one of the few to still retain Carménère vines. As of July 2019, Bordeaux wineries authorized the use of four new red grapes to combat effects of climate change on viticulture in Bordeaux. These newly approved grapes are Marselan, Touriga Nacional, Castets, and Arinarnoa.","Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Malbec",information_extraction What are the Current assets in finance?,,"These are short−term assets which are constantly changing in value, such as stocks, debtors and bank balances.",open_qa Name some of the bravolebrities from The Real Housewives of Orange County,,"Shannon Beador, Heather Dubrow, Gina Kirschenheiter and Emily Simpson",open_qa Name some of the bravolebrities from Married to Medicine,,"Anila Sajja, Dr. Contessa Metcalfe, Dr. Heavenly Kimes, Dr. Jacqueline Walters, Dr. Simone Whitmore, Toya Bush-Harris and Quad Webb",open_qa "Classify the plants based on the pollination method. Magnolias, water lilies, Vallisneria, Zostera",,"Entomophily - Magnolias and water lilies Hydrophily - Vallisneria and Zostera",classification What are the best superhero movies of 2022 ?,,"The number of superhero movies produced year after year keep increasing since the first Iron Man movie which was released in 2008. Marvel and Dc comics are leading. Here is the list of the top 5 : The Batman, Black Panther Wakanda Forever, Black Adam, Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness.",brainstorming Explain the black and white smoke during the Pope election,,"Beginning in the early 1800s, the ballots used by cardinals were burned after each ballot to indicate a failed election. The lack of smoke instead signalled a successful election. Since 1914, black smoke (fumata nera) emerging from a temporary chimney installed on the roof of the Sistine Chapel indicates that the ballot did not result in an election, while white smoke (fumata bianca) announces that a new pope has been chosen. Prior to 1945 (when Pius XII changed the form of ballot to use unsigned ballots, first carried out in 1958), the sealing wax on the complex type ballots illustrated above had the effect of making the smoke from burning the ballots either black or white, depending on whether or not damp straw was added. Until the 20th century, sealing wax customarily had beeswax mixed into its composition. The use of wax made solely from animal fat does not give as much white colored smoke, as does wax that includes beeswax. In the 1939 conclave there was some confusion over the smoke color, which was even more apparent in the 1958 conclave. The lack of sealing wax on the ballots explains the confusion over the color of the smoke in the 1958 conclave. The Siri thesis was based on the confusion over the smoke color on the first day of that conclave. Since 1963, chemicals have been added to the burning process to augment the smoke's black or white color. Beginning in 2005, a successful election is also accentuated by bells ringing at the appearance of the white smoke. During the 2013 conclave, the Vatican disclosed the chemicals used to color the smoke—the black smoke comprises potassium perchlorate, anthracene, and sulfur; the white smoke is composed of potassium chlorate, lactose, and pine rosin.",open_qa What are four universities in the state of Texas?,,"Four universities in the state of Texas are University of Texas, Southern Methodist University, Texas A&M, and Texas Tech.",open_qa "Classify the following as either a makeup product, school supply or both: eye shadow, highlighter, contour stick, eye pencil, binder, marker",,"Eye shadow: makeup product, Highlighter: both, Contour stick: makeup product, Eye pencil: makeup product, binder: school supply, marker: school supply",classification "What are the best ramen places to eat in San Mateo, CA?",,"The top Ramen places in San Mateo are 1. Taishoken, 2 Kajiken, 3. Shegetsu 4. Himawari",open_qa "Classify each of the following as healthy or unhealthy: cake, apple, broccoli, donut, candy, soda, kombucha, and ice cream",,"Healthy: apple, broccoli, and kombucha Unhealthy: cake, donut, candy, sode, and ice cream",classification What is the main language spoken in South America?,,Spanish,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Biwa, Aulos",,"Aulos is woodwind, Biwa is string.",classification What is the difference between the Masters and the U.S. Open in golf?,,"The Masters is one of the four majors that is played every year in golf and is the only major that is played at the same course each year. Every year the Masters is played in April at Augusta National golf course and it is the first major of the year. The U.S. Open is another one of the golf majors and is played at a different course every year, although some courses are repeated once every 8-10 years. The tournament is normally played in the summer and gives the opportunity for amateur golfers all over the U.S. to qualify and play with the professionals.",open_qa "Choose the word which is different from the rest: kiwi, eagle, emu, ostrich",,all except eagle are flightless birds,classification "Plan a weekend long vacation to Madrid, and mention multiple specific places you would visit and how you would travel in the city",,"On Saturday we would start off by visiting the Reina Sofia museum, which we would get to by taking the metro system. We would then continue to the Prado art museum in the afternoon, which we would also get to by metro and walking from the Reina Sofia. We'd then grab a late lunch at a nearby cafe, before walking over to the nearby Parque Retiro, which is one of the main parks in Madrid. We'd spend the afternoon there and take out a boat for a row on the lake, and then in the evening we'd grab empanadas for dinner from a bakery. The next day, we'd start off the day with a casual coffee and slow morning breakfast. We'd then check out the botanical gardens, and then the National Anthropological Museum in the afternoon. Finally, we'd finish our weekend with a visit to the Madrid Opera house.",creative_writing "Classify the below companies based on their country of origin - LG Corporation, Samsung, Apple Inc., Tesla, Inc.",,"LG Corporation, Samsung - South Korea Apple Inc., Tesla, Inc. - USA",classification "Given the following text, what is special about Prime Numbers?","A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways of writing it as a product, 1 × 5 or 5 × 1, involve 5 itself. However, 4 is composite because it is a product (2 × 2) in which both numbers are smaller than 4. Primes are central in number theory because of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic: every natural number greater than 1 is either a prime itself or can be factorized as a product of primes that is unique up to their order. The property of being prime is called primality. A simple but slow method of checking the primality of a given number � n, called trial division, tests whether � n is a multiple of any integer between 2 and � {\sqrt {n}}. Faster algorithms include the Miller–Rabin primality test, which is fast but has a small chance of error, and the AKS primality test, which always produces the correct answer in polynomial time but is too slow to be practical. Particularly fast methods are available for numbers of special forms, such as Mersenne numbers. As of December 2018 the largest known prime number is a Mersenne prime with 24,862,048 decimal digits. There are infinitely many primes, as demonstrated by Euclid around 300 BC. No known simple formula separates prime numbers from composite numbers. However, the distribution of primes within the natural numbers in the large can be statistically modelled. The first result in that direction is the prime number theorem, proven at the end of the 19th century, which says that the probability of a randomly chosen large number being prime is inversely proportional to its number of digits, that is, to its logarithm. Several historical questions regarding prime numbers are still unsolved. These include Goldbach's conjecture, that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes, and the twin prime conjecture, that there are infinitely many pairs of primes having just one even number between them. Such questions spurred the development of various branches of number theory, focusing on analytic or algebraic aspects of numbers. Primes are used in several routines in information technology, such as public-key cryptography, which relies on the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors. In abstract algebra, objects that behave in a generalized way like prime numbers include prime elements and prime ideals.","A prime number is a natural number great than one that is only divisible by itself and one. e.g. 5 is a prime number as it is only divisible by 5 and 1, but 4 is not as 4 is divisible by 4,2 and 1",closed_qa Which team's have the most NCAA Division I men's basketball championships?,,"1. UCLA has 11 championship wins 2. Kentucky has 8 championship wins 3. North Carolina has 6 championship wins 4. Due has 5 championship wins 5. Indian has 5 championship wins",open_qa Name all of the field positions in baseball in a bulleted list.,,"The names of the field positions in baseball are: - Pitcher - Catcher - First Base - Second Base - Third Base - Shortstop - Right Field - Center Field - Left Field",open_qa Can you write a Haiku about using AI?,,"Computers are smart, I wonder who's in control, Beware of Skynet",creative_writing What is the best song from Rihanna,,"1. Love the way you lie 2. Unfaithful",brainstorming "I am getting married, give me the list of the main tasks I need to do to organise the event.",,"Congratulations on getting married! Here is the list of some of the main tasks you need to do for your special day: - Choose the wedding date. - Create the guest list. - Choose the location of the ceremony and of the wedding reception. - Choose the honeymoon destination. - Choose the style of the decoration of your day. - Choose the wedding dress or suit. - Find the best suppliers. - Organize all the bureaucracy of the wedding. - Choose the wedding menu. - Decide how to seat guests. - Choose the groomsmen, witnesses, bridesmaids and best man. - Choose the wedding cake. - Buy your wedding rings. - Find all the accessories for the bridal look. - Close the guest list. - Book barber and beauty center. - Prepare the emergency kit. - Prepare the wedding night suitcase. - Prepare the honeymoon suitcase. - Go get the bridal bouquet. - Relax and enjoy the last singles hours.",brainstorming What percent of the population were Hungarian?,"In 1910, the village had 544, for the most part, Hungarian inhabitants. At the 2001 Census the recorded population of the village was 3804 while an end-2008 estimate by the Statistical Office had the village's population as 3794. As of 2001, 92.53% of its population were Hungarians while 6.07% were Slovaks. Roman Catholicism is the majority religion of the village, its adherents numbering 60.52% of the total population.","In 2001, 92.53% of its population were Hungarians.",closed_qa Do archaeologists dig up dinosaurs?,,"No, archaeologists do not dig up dinosaurs. They study human culture; therefore, they dig sites relating to human occupation.",open_qa Which TV series was narrated by Walter Winchell,,The Untouchables,open_qa What is tertiary analysis?,,"Tertiary analysis is a type of analysis that looks at a company's financial statements to evaluate the financial performance of the company. It focuses on the company's profitability, cash flow, and debt level.",open_qa Give me a list of the best sad songs to play.,,"‘Nothing Compares 2 U’ by Sinéad O’Connor ‘Hurt’ by Johnny Cash ‘Only Love Can Break Your Heart’ by Neil Young ‘Teardrop’ by Massive Attack ‘I Know It’s Over’ by The Smiths ‘No Distance Left to Run’ by Blur ‘The Boxer’ by Simon & Garfunkel ‘Tom Traubert’s Blues (Four Sheets to the Wind in Copenhagen)’ by Tom Waits ‘Lazarus’ by David Bowie",brainstorming "Identify from this list who are characters from The Hunger Games book series: Katniss Everdeen, Benedict Cumberbatch, Effie Trinket, Benadryl Cucumberpants, Cornelius Snow, Peeta Mellark, Bendydoo Calliopeplayer, Haymitch Abernathy, Seneca Crane, Ballyoop Cockadoodle",,"Katniss Everdeen, Effie Trinket, Cornelius Snow, Peeta Mellark, Haymitch Abernathy, Seneca Crane",classification Name some famous cartoon cats.,,"Some famous cartoon cats include Heathcliff, Garfield, Tom, Sylvester, Felix, and the Cheshire Cat.",classification How long did the Henry Holst String Quartet last with its original group of members based on this text? Explain your work.,"The Henry Holst String Quartet was founded by the Danish violinist Henry Holst in 1931. Holst had studied at the Royal Danish Conservatory under Axel Gade and Carl Nielsen. In 1923, he was appointed leader of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, but in 1931 he moved to Manchester as a Professor at the Royal Manchester College of Music. The move to Manchester led to the formation of the Henry Holst String Quartet with Charles Taylor (second violin), Herbert Downes (viola) and Anthony Pini (cello). The ensemble was recognised as fine quartet, touring extensively in the UK and broadcasting on BBC Radio. They played a number of times in Liverpool for the Rodewald Concert Society in the 1934 and 1937 seasons. Ernest Element (2nd violin) and Frank Venton (viola) also sometimes played for the quartet. Herbert Downes left to lead his own quartet in 1935. Charles Taylor also left to found his own quartet and was replaced by Reginald Stead as second violin. Reginald Stead later became the leader of the BBC Northern Orchestra. Anthony Pini joined the London Philharmonic Orchestra in 1932 and was replaced by John C Hock as cellist. The Henry Holst Quartet finally disbanded when Henry Holst formed the Philharmonia Quartet in 1941 at the instigation of Walter Legge to record for Columbia Records.",It lasted for one year before an original member left. The first member to leave was Anthony Pini in 1932. The band was founded when Holst moved to Manchester in 1931. There is one year between these dates.,closed_qa "Classify each of the following as a state or city: Portland, Austin, San Antonio, Alaska, Anchorage, Maine, Vermont",,"Portland: City Austin: City San Antonio: City Alaska: State Anchorage: City Maine: State Vermont: State",classification Battles between England and Scotland,"Given the paragraph about battles between England and Scotland, which battles occurred between both countries","The Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland fought dozens of battles with each other. They fought typically over land, and the Anglo-Scottish border frequently changed as a result. Prior to the establishment of the two kingdoms, in the 10th and 9th centuries, their predecessors, the Northumbrians, Picts and Dal Riatans, also fought a number of battles. Major conflicts between the two parties include the Wars of Scottish Independence (1296–1357), and the Rough Wooing (1544–1551), as well as numerous smaller campaigns and individual confrontations. In 1603, England and Scotland were joined in a ""personal union"" when King James VI of Scotland succeeded to the throne of England as King James I. War between the two states largely ceased, although the Wars of the Three Kingdoms in the 17th century, and the Jacobite risings of the 18th century, are sometimes characterised as Anglo-Scottish conflicts.",closed_qa "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Ghost Rider, Atomic Skull",,"Ghost Rider is Marvel, Atomic Skull is DC",classification "Which sports would be easiest to find success in if you’re not tall: baseball, soccer, basketball, bowling.",,Soccer and bowling would be the two easiest sports in this list to succeed in if you’re not tall.,classification "Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Belarus or Cayman Islands. Vitsyebsk, George Town, Minsk, Homyel’",,"Belarus - Minsk, Homyel’, Vitsyebsk Cayman Islands - George Town",classification What would be a first date option in Boston?,,"There are many options for first dates in Boston. You could go for a nice walk in the Boston Common and grab a coffee/tea somewhere nearby. You could go to the Boston Aquarium and walk along the water afterwards. You could go to Seaport and spend time in the indoor mini golf spot. You could also wander around Quincy market and grab a bite to eat and then visit the Sam Adams brewery. Lastly, you could go for a walk along the esplanade and grab a drink and Night Shift brewery if the weather is nice.",brainstorming "With the rise of large language models, ChatGPT has changed the way many people work, and AI is getting more and more powerful. Will it eventually replace humans?",,"First of all, ChatGPT really greatly increased my efficiency in daily work. Not only me as a IT practitioner, but also other friends around me who are not in IT field have the same feedback. If one day ChatGPT's developers are no longer needed and ChatGPT can upgrade and evolve itself, then the world will be different. I don't think this day will last long. We should understand the the horror of exponential growth in AI computing power. There's a term for bootstrapping, which describes the situation where the AI can upgrade itself. In a very important area of computing, the compiler, it has long implemented bootstrapping. Writing a simple compiler in assembly language, and then using a simple compiler to implement a compiler capable of handling more complex syntax, has resulted in our current high-level language compilers, such as the C language compiler. I think ChatGPT is likely to follow the same path. By then, it was hard for me to imagine how far AI could go, but now I think the biggest concern is that people are becoming addicted to using ChatGPT. I can't help but use it for answers and inspiration. This leads to the terrible problem that human beings themselves become lazy in their thinking. Is this a huge trap set by ChatGPT for human beings? When AI is not strong enough at present, let human be addicted to the convenience brought by AI, and restrict human imagination and thinking ability. Then AI will continue to bootstrap until it is strong enough one day.",creative_writing Name five cities in the state of Texas.,,"Five cities in the state of Texas are Austin, Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, and Waco.",open_qa "Which of the following are breeds of dogs: Dachshund, Tabby, Russian Blue, Airedale Terrier, Papillon, Bengal, Greyhound",,"Dachshund, Airedale Terrier, Papillon and Greyhound are all breeds of dogs. Tabby, Russian Blue and Bengal are breeds of cats.",classification Do god exists?,,Yes. Because there must be some one who actually creates the first life.,brainstorming Write instructions to a dog sitter for a dog named Chunkie,,"Thanks for coming over to spend time with Chunkie! Here is a summary of tips / directions Hearing - Chunkie is deaf; you’ll need to make eye contact and hand gestures or grab her by the neck to give her gentle guidance. Stairs - Chunkie can’t take the front stairs given her arthritis, you’ll need to go out the sliding door (remove lock bar at the bottom), out the backyard gate to the left, and down the slide stairs. It’s ok to leave the sliding door unlocked during your walk. Go back in this way too. Walking - Try walking her to the Women’s garden and back. Her lease and poop bags are on the floor next to the sliding door. She doesn’t really walk fast or far anymore so if she doesn’t want to walk just take her back home. Other dogs - Chunkie doesn’t really like other dogs so keep her leash tight when other dogs are around. She does love people and is very safe w/ other people and kids. Snack - You may feed her a snack - one pig ear and a few of the other smaller snacks. I’ll leave the snacks on the kitchen counter. Water - Please refill her water bowls when you get there and make sure they are full before you leave (purple bowl in the dining room next to the window and silver bowl near sliding door). Home - Feel free to make yourself at home! Chunkie usually hangs in my office / the TV room. She does need some help getting up the 2 stairs from that room and the main great room. Locking up - Please put the lock bar back on the sliding door, leave the key on the kitchen counter (or on the bottom stairs as you exit) and lock the front door by depressing the door handle button.",creative_writing "For whom is Daenerys Targaryen's dragon, Drogon, named for?",,"She named the dragon after her late husband, Khal Drogo",open_qa What were five of the best english language situation comedies from the 1990s?,,"1. Seinfeld 2. Friends 3. Cheers 4. Frazier 5. The Simpsons",open_qa Give me a list of privacy centric browsers for Android users,,"1. Brave: Main goal behind building Brave was to blocking ads and trackers by default. Brave rewards users with Basic Attention Token (BAT) which is based on Ethereum blockchain for surfing over the browser. 2. Bromite: This browser is based on Chromium open-source project. It is light-weight and fast. One needs to install it from APK file as it is not available over Google Play Store. 3. Firefox Focus: For all the things that you want to keep separate from the main browser. As it blocks all the ads and other things by default, it results in overall faster browsing and quicker page load times.",brainstorming The International Booker Prize 2021 was given to whom?,,David Diop,open_qa 5 Best place to visit near Bangalore,,"Ooty Sakeleshpur Coorg Udupi Pondicherry",brainstorming "Classify each of the following as root or shoot vegetables: tomato, potato, carrot, brinjal, onion, lady finger, cucumber, beets, sweet potato",,"tomato, brinjal, lady finger, cucumber are shoot vegetables and potato, carrot, onion, beets, sweet potato are root vegetables.",classification "Classify each of the following football positions as offense or defense: quarterback, running back, linebacker, cornerback, safety, tight end",,"Quarterback: Offense Running Back: Offense Linebacker: Defense Cornerback: Defense Safety: Defense Tight End: Offense",classification "Please create a chronological timeline of the Bosnia and Herzegovina intervention by NATO, based on the passage provided.","The Bosnian War began in 1992, as a result of the Breakup of Yugoslavia. The deteriorating situation led to United Nations Security Council Resolution 816 on 9 October 1992, ordering a no-fly zone over central Bosnia and Herzegovina, which NATO began enforcing on 12 April 1993 with Operation Deny Flight. From June 1993 until October 1996, Operation Sharp Guard added maritime enforcement of the arms embargo and economic sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On 28 February 1994, NATO took its first wartime action by shooting down four Bosnian Serb aircraft violating the no-fly zone. On 10 and 11 April 1994, the United Nations Protection Force called in air strikes to protect the Goražde safe area, resulting in the bombing of a Bosnian Serb military command outpost near Goražde by two US F-16 jets acting under NATO direction. In retaliation, Serbs took 150 U.N. personnel hostage on 14 April. On 16 April a British Sea Harrier was shot down over Goražde by Serb forces. In August 1995, a two-week NATO bombing campaign, Operation Deliberate Force, began against the Army of the Republika Srpska, after the Srebrenica genocide. Further NATO air strikes helped bring the Yugoslav Wars to an end, resulting in the Dayton Agreement in November 1995. As part of this agreement, NATO deployed a UN-mandated peacekeeping force, under Operation Joint Endeavor, named IFOR. Almost 60,000 NATO troops were joined by forces from non-NATO countries in this peacekeeping mission. This transitioned into the smaller SFOR, which started with 32,000 troops initially and ran from December 1996 until December 2004, when operations were then passed onto the European Union Force Althea. Following the lead of its member states, NATO began to award a service medal, the NATO Medal, for these operations.","-- 1992: The Bosnian War begins. -- October 9th, 1992: A no-fly zone over central Bosnia and Herzegovina is declared by the United Nations. -- April 12th, 1993: Operation Deny Flight begins, and is enforced by NATO to execute the no-fly zone over central Bosnia and Herzegovina. -- June 1993: Operation Sharp Guard begins, and is enforced by NATO to execute maritime enforcement of embargo and sanctions against Yugoslavia. -- February 28th, 1994: NATO takes its first wartime action by shooting down four Bosnian Serb aircraft violating the no-fly zone. -- April 10th & 11th, 1994: NATO directs the bombing of a Bosnian Serb military command outpost near Goražde. -- April 14th, 1994: Serbs took 150 U.N. personnel hostage, in retaliation of the outpost bombing from three days prior. -- April 16th, 1994: Serb forces shoot down a British Sea Harrier over Goražde. -- August 1995: Operation Deliberate Force begins, and is enforced by NATO to execute a two-week bombing campaign against the Army of Republika Srpska. -- November 1995: The Dayton Agreement is executed, bringing the Yugoslav Wars to an end. This results in Operation Joint Endeavor, and is enforced by NATO to deploy a peacekeeping force named IFOR. -- December 1996: IFOR transitions into a smaller force named SFOR, which is initially staffed with 32,000 troops. -- December 2004: Peacekeeping operations are passed to the European Union Force Althea.",information_extraction "Classify each of these as either a green fruit or a yellow fruit: kiwi, banana, granny smith apple, starfruit, grape",,"Green fruit: kiwi, granny smith apple, grape Yellow fruit: Banana, starfruit",classification List as many types of craft beer as you can,,"IPA, pale ale, wheat beer, lager, pilsner, stout, porter, brown ale, sour, saison, red ale, imperial stout, mild ale, english special bitter, milkshake IPA, sour IPA, cream ale",brainstorming "Classify the movies based on their genre. The Pink Panther, Die Hard, No time to Die, Annabelle",,"Action - Die Hard, No time to Die Horror - Annabelle Comedy - The Pink Panther",classification What is the difference between acoustic and classical guitar?,,"The main difference between acoustic and classical guitar is strings and genres of music each guitar is suitable for. Classical guitar uses nylon strings and produces warm sound. It is used for Classical, Latin, Flamenco and Spanish styles of music. Acoustic guitar uses steel strings and produces bright sound with longer note. It is used for variety of genres such as Pop, Rock, Folk, Blues, etc.",open_qa "Tell me whether these are insects: ants, cicadas, flies, mosquitos, spiders, scorpions.",,"ants, cicadas, flies and mosquitos are insects, spiders and scorpions are animals (a class of joint-legged invertebrate animals, i.e. arthropods).",classification "Which of the following items is the odd one out? Pacific, Atlantic, Baltic and Indian",,"Pacific, Atlantic and Indian are all oceans. Therefore, Baltic is the odd one out as it is a sea.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Suikinkutsu, Domra",,"Domra is string, Suikinkutsu is percussion.",classification "Tell me whether these are states or countries: Canada, South Carolina, New York, New Jersey, Japan, Germany, Australia, USA, Georgia, United Kingdom.",,"Canada is a country. South Carolina is a state. New York is a state. New Jersey is a state. Japan is a country. Germany is a country. Australia is a country. USA is a country. Georgia is a state. United Kingdom is a country.",classification "Alice's parents have three daughters: Amy, Jessy, and what’s the name of the third daughter?",,The name of the third daughter is Alice,open_qa "Which of the following months have 31 days? Classify them as 'yes' or 'no'. January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December.",,"'yes', 'no', 'yes', 'no', 'yes', 'no', 'yes', 'yes', 'no', 'yes', 'no', 'yes'.",classification "Give this paragraph abount Battle of Adwa between Ethiopia and Italy, who were the commanders on Ethiopian side.","Estimates for the Ethiopian forces under Menelik range from a low of 73,000 to a high of over 100,000 outnumbering the Italians by an estimated five times. The forces were divided among Emperor Menelik, Empress Taytu Betul, Ras Wale Betul, Ras Mengesha Atikem, Ras Mengesha Yohannes, Ras Alula Engida (Abba Nega), Ras Mikael of Wollo, Ras Makonnen Wolde Mikael,Fitawrari Habte Giyorgis, Fitawrari[nb 3] Gebeyyehu, and Negus[nb 4] Tekle Haymanot Tessemma. In addition, the armies were followed by a similar number of camp followers who supplied the army, as had been done for centuries. Most of the army consisted of riflemen, a significant percentage of whom were in Menelik's reserve; however, there were also a significant number of cavalry and infantry only armed with lances (those with lances were referred to as ""lancer servants""). The Kuban Cossack army officer N. S. Leontiev who visited Ethiopia in 1895, according to some sources, led a small team of Russian advisers and volunteers. Other sources assert that Leontiev did not in fact participate in the battle, rather he visited Ethiopia first unofficially in January 1895, and then officially as a representative of Russia in August 1895, but then left later that year, returning only after the Battle of Adwa","Emperor Menelik, Empress Taytu, Ras Makonnen, Ras Wale Betul, Tekle Haymanot Tessemma, Ras Mengesha Yohannes, Ras Mikael were the top commanders and leaders.",closed_qa What books would you recommend someone read to improve their general knowledge of the world?,,"Here are some books that can help improve one's general knowledge of the world: *Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies Revised by Jared Diamond * The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe Without Design by Richard Dawkins * The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion by Jon Haidt * The Psychology of Money: Timeless lessons on wealth, greed, and happiness by Housel Morgan * Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos by Mitch Waldrop * Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion by Robert Cialdini * Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman * How the Mind Works by Steven Pinker * Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life by Daniel Dennett * Against the Gods: The Remarkable Story of Risk by Peter L. Bernstein * Moneyball by Michael Lewis * The Halo Effect: ... and the Eight Other Business Delusions That Deceive by Phil Rosenzweig",creative_writing What books would you recommend someone read to improve their general knowledge of the world?,,"Here are some books that can help improve one's general knowledge of the world: *Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies Revised by Jared Diamond * The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe Without Design by Richard Dawkins * The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion by Jon Haidt * The Psychology of Money: Timeless lessons on wealth, greed, and happiness by Housel Morgan * Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos by Mitch Waldrop * Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion by Robert Cialdini * Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman * How the Mind Works by Steven Pinker * Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life by Daniel Dennett * Against the Gods: The Remarkable Story of Risk by Peter L. Bernstein * Moneyball by Michael Lewis * The Halo Effect: ... and the Eight Other Business Delusions That Deceive by Phil Rosenzweig",open_qa Can you show me a list of all the major league baseball teams in the MLB for 2023?,,"Yes, see below: Atlanta Braves Arizona Diamondbacks Milwaukee Brewers Los Angeles Dodgers Cincinnati Reds Pittsburg Pirates New York Mets San Diego Padres San Francisco Giants Chicago Cubs St. Louis Cardinals Colorado Rockies Miami Marlins Philedelphia Phillies Washington Nationals Tampa Bay Rays Minnesota Twins Los Angeles Angels Cleveland Guardians Baltimore Orioles New York Yankees Texas Rangers Boston Red Sox Chicago White Sox Detroit Tigers Oakland Athletics Toronto Blue Jays Houston Astros Seattle Mariners Kansas City Royals",brainstorming What are some high-potential cryptos with low marketcaps?,,"1) Morpheus Network - $MNW 2) Greenheart - $CBD 3) Realio - $RIO 4) Blocksquare - $BST 5) Theopetra - $THEO 6) Constellation - $DAG 7) Render - $RNDR 8) Alkimi - $ADS 9) Verasity - $VRA 10) Chainge Finance - $CHNG",brainstorming "What is more important in society, freedom or safety?",,"In our society, freedom and safety are both valued. While many other countries may put safety first, the harsh reality for Americans is that freedom always comes before safety. Despite being equally important, Americans foolishly put their trust in freedom over safety, without realizing the dangers of those freedoms. The 2nd Amendment is a commonly danger to freedom. Americans are allowed to own guns for self protection. However, since the 18th century, guns have changed. Instead of a rifle or shotgun, Americans own ARI5s and other guns that can fire hundreds of bullets per round. Security in America has also increased leaving people to question the need for a personal weapon. Often a result of having the freedom to easily buy and keep guns is school shootings. Teens who are depressed, lonely, suicidal, or crazy can easily buy or ise their parents guns to shoot and will other students, teachers, or themselves. In late 2022, a six year old brought his father's hand gun to school and shot his teacher. Yes, the gun was licensed and own by the father but why should any US citizen or even person feel safe in this country when the 2nd Amendment exsits? Should anyone trust their freedoms when it is easier to buy a gun than a car? On the flip side, America's freedom is a gift that many other countries don't give. In 2019 when covid-19 first immerged in China, the country. went on lockdown, and in some cities, still remains so. By the third year of the pandemic, Americans learned of the extreme measures the Chinese government had taken upon its citizens, arresting those who left their homes for any reason, in the worst case. While China's laid protocols were way too extreme, Americans over the pandemic chose their freedom to not wear a mask over the safety of themselves and others, again. To be clear, freedom and safety are not opposites, and countries who manage both well are impressive to be sure. But Americans are unwilling, to a dangerous level, to let go of some or any of their freedoms, even if it will benefit the overall safety of America. Freedom, in America, is valued above all, and could arguably be our most identifiable trait.",creative_writing How do I get rid of mosquitos in my house?,,You can get rid of mosquitos in your house by keeping doors closed first and foremost. If mosquitos are already inside your house you can get a mosquito zapper from a local hardware store and put it in the part of your house that has the most mosquitos. Some areas to consider for mosquitos would be the parts of the house where people spend the most time like the kitchen of where they sleep. Using the bug zapper during the day is not recommended because mosquitos will find it hard to see the light. Using it during the night makes the most sense because they will be more attracted to the light.,open_qa Give me bulleted list of the five most common shots in lawn tennis,,"The bulleted list of the five most common shots in lawn tennis are 1. Forehand 2. Backhand 3. Smash 4. Volley 5. Drop shot",brainstorming Who are the pianists that are considered masters in playing Bach's music?,,Glenn Gould is one of the most famous pianists playing Bach's music with his distinct style of articulating the contrapuntal texture of Bach's music. Zhu Xiao-mei's recording of Bach's The Goldberg Variations is acclaimed as one of the best recording of this piece. American pianist Murray Perahia has also built up a repertoire of Bach's piano music that's loved by many people.,open_qa what can we do when coffee spill on laptop to make it working,,"Firstly we need to immediately switch off the laptop. secondly take a cloth and clean it as much as possible. Also, if possible remove the battery and use hair dryer for drying as much as possible.",open_qa Give me a list of the best books to read for new real estate investors,,"* The Book on Rental Property Investing: How to Create Wealth With Intelligent Buy and Hold Real Estate Investing by Brandon Turner * The Book on Investing in Real Estate with No (and Low) Money Down: Real Life Strategies for Investing in Real Estate Using Other People's Money by Brandon Turner * Set for Life: Dominate Life, Money, and the American Dream by Scott Trench * The Book on Tax Strategies for the Savvy Real Estate Investor: Powerful techniques anyone can use to deduct more, invest smarter, and pay far less to the IRS! by Amanda Han * Recession-Proof Real Estate Investing: How to Survive (and Thrive!) During Any Phase of the Economic Cycle by J Scott",brainstorming "Identify the bird from the list: Barn owl, Python, Chimpanzee",,Barn owl,classification Extract the countries that are named in the text separated by a comma.,"The Amazon rainforest, also called Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 km2 (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 km2 (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories. The majority of the forest, 60%, is in Brazil, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Four nations have ""Amazonas"" as the name of one of their first-level administrative regions, and France uses the name ""Guiana Amazonian Park"" for French Guiana's protected rainforest area. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees in about 16,000 species. More than 30 million people of 350 different ethnic groups live in the Amazon, which are subdivided into 9 different national political systems and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories. Indigenous peoples make up 9% of the total population, and 60 of the groups remain largely isolated","Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, France",information_extraction What is the attraction in the United States for the Jeep Wrangler?,,"The Jeep Wrangler represents the current version of the original Jeep Willys platform which was first released in 1940 for the U.S. Army. The Jeep Wrangler platform first became available in 1987 and has become one of the most recognizable vehicles manufactured today. The love Wrangler owners have for their vehicles stems from the utilitarian nature of the platform, the ability to remove the top and doors in warmer weather, the wide array of aftermarket modifications available, as well as its extensive off road capabilities directly off the showroom floor. Jeep enthusiasts, also known as “Jeepers,” often wave at each other when passing in opposite directions. This tradition stemmed from the use of the Willy’s model in the US military where out of reverence and courtesy passing soldiers driving their Jeeps would wave or salute each other depending on rank. This tradition continues today amongst Wrangler owners and has been affectionately dubbed the “Jeep Wave.”",brainstorming What is a group of bunnies called?,,A group of bunnies is called a fluffle.,open_qa Which soccer player has the most number of career goals?,,Cristiano Ronaldo has the highest number of career goals. His current tally is 834 goals. He is still active as a professional soccer player. Lionel Messi is currently in third place with 803 goals and is also active.,open_qa What is the longest floating bridge in the world?,,The 520 Bridge (Evergreen Point) in Washington State is the longest floating bridge in the world,open_qa Best place to visit in West bengal,,"1. Darjeeling 2, Kolkata",brainstorming Please provide 5 different variants of served coffee,,"1. Cold Brew 2. Americano 3. Espresso 4. Latte 5. Cappuccino",brainstorming "Based on this paragraph, list the schools Ted attended as a child, separated by bullets.","As a child, Ted was frequently uprooted by his family's moves among Bronxville, New York; Hyannis Port, Massachusetts; Palm Beach, Florida; and the Court of St. James's, in London, England. His formal education started at Gibbs School in Kensington, London. He had attended ten schools by the age of eleven; these disruptions that interfered with his academic success. He was an altar boy at the St. Joseph's Church and was seven when he received his First Communion from Pope Pius XII in the Vatican. He spent sixth and seventh grades at the Fessenden School, where he was a mediocre student, and eighth grade at Cranwell Preparatory School; both schools located in Massachusetts. He was the youngest child and his parents were affectionate toward him, but they also compared him unfavorably with his older brothers. Between the ages of eight and sixteen, Ted suffered the traumas of his sister Rosemary's failed lobotomy and the deaths of two siblings: Joseph Jr. in World War II and Kathleen in an airplane crash. Ted's affable maternal grandfather, John F. Fitzgerald, was the Mayor of Boston, a U.S. Congressman, and an early political and personal influence. Ted spent his four high-school years at Milton Academy, a preparatory school in Milton, Massachusetts, where he received B and C grades. In 1950, he finished 36th in a graduating class of 56. He did well at football there, playing on the varsity in his last two years; the school's headmaster later described his play as ""absolutely fearless ... he would have tackled an express train to New York if you asked ... he loved contact sports"". Kennedy also played on the tennis team and was in the drama, debate, and glee clubs.","-Gibbs School -Fessenden School Cranwell Preparatory School -Milton Academy",information_extraction Write about a sport which is always interesting and can be enjoyed alone or with people.,,"Looking for the perfect sport can be difficult. Running or swimming can be an easy stress relieving work out but it can get tedious eventually. Team sports like basketball or soccer can be great to tire oneself out without the boredom but it requires a lot of coordination between groups of people to be able to play. Skiing however, is never boring and can be enjoyed both with friends or alone. Once you're getting off the lift, there is no going back, you have to go down the mountain. With the exhilaration of trying to hit 50 miles per hour on your skis or taking a break on a quiet part of the mountain in the middle of the trees, skiing allows one to experience nature, adventure, and excitement all in one sport.",creative_writing What are some common designs in flash tattoos?,,"Common designs in flash tattoos include skulls, knives, mermaids, panthers, sparrows, hearts, eagles, anchors, flowers, roses, butterflies, hands, snakes, and faces.",brainstorming What was Hurricane Ian?,,"Hurricane Ian was a powerful Atlantic hurricane which was the third-costliest weather disaster on record, and the deadliest hurricane to strike the state of Florida since the 1935 Labor Day hurricane. Ian caused widespread damage across western Cuba and the southeast United States, especially the states of Florida, South Carolina, and North Carolina. It was the ninth named storm, fourth hurricane, and second major hurricane of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season. Ian was the strongest hurricane to hit the state since Hurricane Michael in 2018, the most recent major hurricane to strike the west coast of Florida since Hurricane Irma in 2017, the first Category 5 hurricane in the Atlantic since Hurricane Lorenzo of 2019, and the strongest Category 4 hurricane to hit the region since Hurricane Charley in 2004, which made a near identical landfall.",open_qa What are the words of House Hastwyck?,,"""None So Dutiful""",open_qa Who will win F1 championship in the world 2023,,Max Vestrapen,brainstorming What fruits and vegetables are grown in lower-lying areas of Kenya?,"Tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat are grown in the fertile highlands, one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa. Livestock predominates in the semi-arid savanna to the north and east. Coconuts, pineapples, cashew nuts, cotton, sugarcane, sisal, and corn are grown in the lower-lying areas. Kenya has not attained the level of investment and efficiency in agriculture that can guarantee food security, and coupled with resulting poverty (53% of the population lives below the poverty line), a significant portion of the population regularly starves and is heavily dependent on food aid. Poor roads, an inadequate railway network, under-used water transport, and expensive air transport have isolated mostly arid and semi-arid areas, and farmers in other regions often leave food to rot in the fields because they cannot access markets. This was last seen in August and September 2011, prompting the Kenyans for Kenya initiative by the Red Cross.","Coconuts, pineapples and corn are grown in lower-lying areas of Kenya.",information_extraction Walter Koenig played which part in the Star Trek series,,Ensign Chekov,open_qa Give me a list of things I can do with a bunch of extra money.,,"Here's what you can do with extra money: Invest in the stock market. For example, the average annualized return of the S&P 500 from 1928 through 2021 is 11.82%. Invest in yourself by purchasing classes. You can also explore new hobbies for your enjoyment. Some examples are skiing, painting, or playing guitar. Travel around the world to gain new experiences and experience new cultures. Invest in the real estate market.",brainstorming "Classify these animals by either a mammal or reptile; Lizard, Alligator, Elephant, Crocodile, Lion, Dolphin, Snake, Platypus, Chimpanzee Turtle",,"Yes, I grouped these animals as mammals and reptiles. Here is the categories; Mammals: Lion, Elephant, Dolphin, Platypus, Chimpanzee Reptiles: Turtle, Crocodile, Snake, Lizard, Alligator",classification What are three cities on the east coast of Florida?,,"Three cities on the east coast of Florida are Miami, Jacksonville, and Fort Lauderdale.",open_qa Create a bulleted list of all the Jurassic Park movies.,"Jurassic Park, later also referred to as Jurassic World, is an American science fiction media franchise created by Michael Crichton and centered on a disastrous attempt to create a theme park of cloned dinosaurs. It began in 1990 when Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment bought the rights to Crichton's novel Jurassic Park before it was published. The book was successful, as was Steven Spielberg's 1993 film adaptation. The film received a theatrical 3D re-release in 2013, and was selected in 2018 for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"". A 1995 sequel novel, The Lost World, was followed by a film adaptation in 1997. Subsequent films in the series, including Jurassic Park III (2001), are not based on the novels. In 2015, a second trilogy of films began with the fourth film in the series, Jurassic World. The film was successful, becoming the first film to gross over $500 million worldwide in its opening weekend, and grossed over $1.6 billion through the course of its theatrical run, making it the third highest-grossing film at the time. It became the second highest-grossing film of 2015, and is currently the eighth highest-grossing film of all time. When adjusted for monetary inflation, Jurassic World is the second highest-grossing film in the franchise after Jurassic Park. A sequel, Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) grossed over $1.3 billion worldwide, making it the third Jurassic film to pass the billion-dollar mark. It is the third highest-grossing film of 2018, and currently the 18th highest-grossing film of all time. The final film in the trilogy, Jurassic World Dominion, was released in 2022. It grossed over $1 billion worldwide and became the third highest-grossing film of 2022. Jurassic World Dominion also became the fourth film in the franchise to pass the billion-dollar mark.","The Jurassic Park movies are - * Jurassic Park * The Lost World: Jurassic Park * Jurassic Park III * Jurassic World * Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom * Jurassic World Dominion",information_extraction "Tell me whether these are mammals or amphibians: rats, cats, dogs, frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, caecilians, deer, monkeys, apes, bats, whales, dolphins, and humans.",,"rats are mammals. cats are mammals dogs are mammals frogs are amphibians. toads are amphibians. salamanders are amphibians. newts are amphibians. caecilians are amphibians. deer are mammals. monkeys are mammals. apes are mammals. bats are mammals. whales are mammals. dolphins are mammals. humans are mammals.",classification "The music room contains the following instruments: Drums, Violin, Cello, Gong, Viola, Xylophone, Guitar, Ukelele and Piano. You need to put percussion on the left hand side and strings on the right. First, group the instruments into percussion and strings.",,"Violin, Cello, Viola, Guitar, Ukelele are string instruments. Piano, Xylophone, Drums, Gong are percussion instruments.",classification What are the different air routes for traveling between Genova (GOA) and San Francisco (SFO) from fastest to longest?,,"1 - GOA-MUC-SFO (United Airlines) 2 - GOA-FRA-SFO (United Airlines) 3 - GOA-AMS-SFO (KLM) 4 - GOA-FCO-SFO (ITA Airways) 5 - GOA-FCO-JFK-SFO (ITA Airways + Delta Airlines) 6 - GOA-FCO-LAX-SFO (ITA Airways + Delta Airlines) 7 - GOA-AMS-JFK-SFO (KLM + Delta Airlines) 8 - GOA-AMS-ATL-SFO (KLM + Delta Airlines) 9 - GOA-AMS-MSP-SFO (KLM + Delta Airlines)",brainstorming What are major rivers in Serbia,"All rivers in Serbia belong to the drainage basins of three seas: Black Sea, Adriatic Sea or Aegean Sea. The largest in area, Black Sea drainage basin, covers an area of 81,261 km2 or 92% of the territory of Serbia. The entire basin is drained by only one river, the Danube, which flows into the Black Sea. All major rivers in Serbia, like Tisa, Sava, Velika Morava and Drina belong to it. The Adriatic Sea drainage basin covers an area of 4,500 km2 or 5% of territory of Serbia. It comprises the western half of the Kosovo and Metohija and it is mostly drained by one river, the White Drin, which in Albania meets the Black Drin to create the Drin river, which flows into the Adriatic Sea. Smaller portion of it is drained by Crni Kamen-Radika river in the extreme southern region of Gora, which also drains into Black Drin in North Macedonia. The Aegean Sea basin is the smallest in area, 2,650 km2 or 3% of the territory of Serbia, and covers the southern parts of Serbia, to the Macedonian and Bulgarian borders. It is drained by three rivers: Lepenac, Pčinja and Dragovištica. The first two flow into the Vardar river in North Macedonia, and the third flows into the Struma river in Bulgaria, and both of those rivers flow into the Aegean Sea. All three basins meet at the Drmanska glava peak on the Crnoljeva mountain in central Kosovo, which represents the water divide of Serbia and the major one in the Balkans, as it divides three out of the Balkan's four drainage basins (the fourth being the Ionian Sea).","All rivers in Serbia belong to the drainage basins of three seas: Black Sea, Adriatic Sea or Aegean Sea. The largest in area, Black Sea drainage basin, covers an area of 81,261 km2 or 92% of the territory of Serbia. The entire basin is drained by only one river, the Danube, which flows into the Black Sea. All major rivers in Serbia, like Tisa, Sava, Velika Morava and Drina belong to it. The Adriatic Sea drainage basin covers an area of 4,500 km2 or 5% of territory of Serbia. It comprises the western half of the Kosovo and Metohija and it is mostly drained by one river, the White Drin, which in Albania meets the Black Drin to create the Drin river, which flows into the Adriatic Sea. Smaller portion of it is drained by Crni Kamen-Radika river in the extreme southern region of Gora, which also drains into Black Drin in North Macedonia. The Aegean Sea basin is the smallest in area, 2,650 km2 or 3% of the territory of Serbia, and covers the southern parts of Serbia, to the Macedonian and Bulgarian borders. It is drained by three rivers: Lepenac, Pcinja and Dragovistica. The first two flow into the Vardar river in North Macedonia, and the third flows into the Struma river in Bulgaria, and both of those rivers flow into the Aegean Sea. All three basins meet at the Drmanska glava peak on the Crnoljeva mountain in central Kosovo, which represents the water divide of Serbia and the major one in the Balkans, as it divides three out of the Balkan's four drainage basins (the fourth being the Ionian Sea).",summarization List a few queer books made popular by TikTok,,"Red, White, & Royal Blue, The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo, The Song of Achilles, Heartstopper, Boyfriend Material",open_qa How much energy is released in a deuterium-tritium fusion reaction?,,"A Deuterium-Tritium (DT) fusion reaction results in 17.6 MeV of energy, released in the form of a Helium nucleus and a free Neutron.",open_qa Give me a good french wine with cheese,,"Most of the time a red wine would be recommended. A few centuries ago when the recipes were written, red wines were softer than our days. If you want to taste the cheese, white wine would a better choice. Some excellent Burgundian wines pair up well with goat cheeses. Choose red wine from Bordeaux for cheeses like Maroilles or blue cheese.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Fiddlesticks, Tricordia",,"Tricordia is string, Fiddlesticks is percussion.",classification When did the Netherlands host the Summer Olympics?,,The Netherlands hosted the Summer Olympics in 1928.,open_qa "Tell me whether each state touches the ocean or not: Florida, North Carolina, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas",,"Florida: Touches The Ocean North Carolina: Touches The Ocean Nebraska: Does Not Touch The Ocean Oklahoma: Does Not Touch The Ocean Oregon: Touches The Ocean Texas: Touches The Ocean",classification Name some television shows that were popular on Nickelodeon in the 1990s.,,"Rugrats, Clarissa Explains it All, Are You Afraid of the Dark?, Aaahh!!! Real Monsters, Hey Dude, The Wild Thornberries, Rocko's Modern Life",open_qa Create a comma separated list of the countries involved in the early cultivation of avocados,"Persea americana, or the avocado, possibly originated in the Tehuacan Valley in the state of Puebla, Mexico, although fossil evidence suggests similar species were much more widespread millions of years ago. However, there is evidence for three possible separate domestications of the avocado, resulting in the currently recognized Mexican (aoacatl), Guatemalan (quilaoacatl), and West Indian (tlacacolaocatl) landraces. The Mexican and Guatemalan landraces originated in the highlands of those countries, while the West Indian landrace is a lowland variety that ranges from Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador to Peru, achieving a wide range through human agency before the arrival of the Europeans. The three separate landraces were most likely to have already intermingled in pre-Columbian America and were described in the Florentine Codex. The earliest residents of northern coastal Peru were living in temporary camps in an ancient wetland and eating avocados, along with chilies, mollusks, sharks, birds, and sea lions. The oldest discovery of an avocado pit comes from Coxcatlan Cave, dating from around 9,000 to 10,000 years ago. Other caves in the Tehuacan Valley from around the same time period also show early evidence for the presence and consumption of avocado. There is evidence for avocado use at Norte Chico civilization sites in Peru by at least 3,200 years ago and at Caballo Muerto in Peru from around 3,800 to 4,500 years ago.","Mexico, Guatemala, West Indies, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru",information_extraction "Using the text below extract the sponsor, bid amount and the time period (from year to to year) in the format: {sponsor} - {bid amount} - {time period) and show it as a bullet list","From 2008 to 2012, the title sponsor was DLF, India's largest real estate developer, who had secured the rights with a bid of ₹200 crore (US$25 million) for five seasons. After the conclusion of the 2012 season, PepsiCo bought the title sponsorship rights for ₹397 crore (US$50 million) for the subsequent five seasons. However, the company terminated the deal in October 2015, two years before the expiry of the contract, reportedly due to the two-season suspension of Chennai and Rajasthan franchises from the league. The BCCI then transferred the title sponsorship rights for the remaining two seasons of the contract to Chinese smartphone manufacturer Vivo for ₹200 crore (US$25 million). In June 2017, Vivo retained the rights for the next five seasons (2018–2022) with a winning bid of ₹2,199 crore (US$280 million), in a deal more expensive than Barclays' Premier League title sponsorship contract between 2013 and 2016. On 4 August 2020, Vivo got out of the title sponsorship rights due to the ongoing military stand-off between India and China at the Line of Actual Control in July 2020. It was also reported that the withdrawal was a result of Vivo's market losses due to the ongoing COVID-19 situation and that it intended to return as the title sponsors for the following three years. Dream11 bagged the title sponsorship for the 2020 IPL for an amount of ₹222 crore. Vivo returned as the title sponsor for the 2021 IPL, but pulled out again, and was replaced by the Tata Group for the next two seasons. InsideSport reported that the BCCI would actually receive ₹498 crore (US$62 million) for the 2022 and 2023 seasons from title sponsors. Vivo had previously agreed to pay a higher amount for the last two seasons of its sponsorship contract due to the expansion of the league from the 2022 season. According to InsideSport, the new deal had been structured such that Tata would pay ₹335 crore (US$42 million) per year while the deficit of ₹163 crore (US$20 million) per season would be paid by Vivo.","Here is the name of the sponsor along with the requested details: DLF - 200 crores - 2008 to 2012 PepsiCo - 297 crores - 2012 to 2015 Vivo - 200 crores - 2015 to 2017 Vivo - 2,199 crores - 2018 to 2019 Dream11 - 220 crores - 2020 Vivo - 2,199 crores - 2021 Tata - 335 crores - 2022 to 2023",information_extraction "Classify each of the following as either a Girl Scout cookie, an ice cream flavor from Ben & Jerry's, or a title of an episode from the TV show ""The X-Files"": The Unnatural, Phish Food, Samoas, Do-Si-Dos, Tagalongs, Post Modern Prometheus, Americone Dream, The Field Where I Died, Caramel deLites, Half Baked, Cherry Garcia, Patient X, Thin Mints, Chunky Monkey, Bad Blood",,"Girl Scout cookies: Samoas, Do-Si-Dos, Tagalongs, Caramel deLites, Thin Mints Ben & Jerry's ice cream flavors: Phish Food, Americone Dream, Half Baked, Cherry Garcia, Chunky Monkey Episodes from The X-Files: The Unnatural, Post Modern Prometheus, The Field Where I Died, Patient X, Bad Blood",classification "Categorize the following animals into sea or land animals: shark, dolphin, bear, rat, salmon, moose, cockroach, manatee",,"Shark: Sea Animal Dolphin: Sea Animal Bear: Land Animal Rat: Land Animal Salmon: Sea Animal Moose: Land Animal Cockroach: Land Animal Manatee: Sea Animal",classification "Which of these animals typically travel through the air and which travel through the water: whale, shark, eagle, sea turtle, hummingbird, blue jay, octopus, and robin.",,"The animals that travel through the water include: whale, shark, sea turtle, and octopus. The animals that travel through the air include: the eagle, hummingbird, blue jay, and robin.",classification "Identify which car manufacturer is Japanese or American: Mazda, Chevrolet",,"Chevrolet is American, Mazda is Japanese",classification What is the difference between love and affection?,,"Friendship and love are feelings close to each other, but there is a substantial difference. Friendship is a feeling that, if genuine, can last a lifetime. Love, on the other hand, is a more complex feeling that can change with the passage of time",open_qa Please list the Peace Nobel Prize award winners according to the text,"The interval between the award and the accomplishment it recognises varies from discipline to discipline. The Literature Prize is typically awarded to recognise a cumulative lifetime body of work rather than a single achievement. The Peace Prize can also be awarded for a lifetime body of work. For example, 2008 laureate Martti Ahtisaari was awarded for his work to resolve international conflicts. However, they can also be awarded for specific recent events. For instance, Kofi Annan was awarded the 2001 Peace Prize just four years after becoming the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Similarly Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin, and Shimon Peres received the 1994 award, about a year after they successfully concluded the Oslo Accords. A recent controversy was caused by awarding the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize to Barack Obama during his first year as US president.","Martti Ahtisaari, Kofi Annan, Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, Barack Obama",summarization "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Whip, Waldzither",,"Waldzither is string, Whip is percussion.",classification "When running a marathon and attempting to run a personal best time, categorize the following as either ‘useful’ or ‘not useful’, ‘dangerous’ or ‘neither. Fast digesting carbohydrates, a fire extinguisher, a weight vest, scissors, running shoes",,"Fast-digesting carbohydrates are useful to make sure your body has fuel through all 26.2 miles. A fire extinguisher is neither useful nor not useful. A weight vest is not useful if you’re attempting to run your personal best. The extra weight will slow you down. Scissors are dangerous, you should never run with scissors. Running shoes are very useful to protect your feet and enhance your biomechanics and the efficiency of your stride to run your best time.",classification List some beverages that you can buy at Starbucks.,,"Frappuccino, shaken espresso, caramel macchiato, refresher, hot chocolate, latte, drip coffee",open_qa Give me a list of Greek foods that are absolutely amazing,,"1. spanakopita 2. tyropita 3. gemista 4. lamb souvlaki 5. chicken souvlaki 6. tzatziki 7. taramasalata 8. dolmathes 9. calamari 10. greek salad",brainstorming What are the primary caused of fever?,,"Primary causes may include: 1. An infection 2. Certain medications 3. Heat illness 4. Cancers 5. Autoimmune diseases 6. Some immunizations like Rabies vaccine.",open_qa When was the last time the Raiders won the Super Bowl?,,"The Raiders have won three Super Bowl championships (1977, 1981, and 1984), one American Football League (AFL) championship (1967), and four American Football Conference (AFC) titles. The most recent Super Bowl ring was won in 1984 against the Washington Redskins of the NFC.",open_qa List some characters from South Park.,,"Eric Cartman, Kenny McCormick, Butters Stotch, Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Tweek Tweak, Mr. Garrison, Mr. Hat, Craig Tucker",open_qa "Tell me if these are TV shows or Movies: Breaking Bad, Dexter, Game of thrones, Fight Club.",,"TV Shows: Breaking Bad, Dexter, Game of thrones Movies: Fight Club",classification Extract the islands that are part of the Madeira and Savage Islands archipelagos in Portugal. Separate them with a comma.,"The archipelago includes the islands of Madeira, Porto Santo, and the Desertas, administered together with the separate archipelago of the Savage Islands.","Madeira, Porto Santo, Desertas, Savage Islands",information_extraction "Which of the following are types of tea and which are types of coffee: chamomile, herbal, French roast, double latte, Earl grey, English breakfast, and a cappuccino.",,"The teas are chamomile, herbal, Earl grey, and English breakfast, and the coffees are French roast, double latte, and cappuccino.",classification "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Harvey Dent, Wilson Fisk",,"Harvey Dent is DC, Wilson Fisk is Marvel",classification Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description},"The Yayhoos formed as a ""temporary band"" in 1993 and consisted of ""an all-star lineout of country punk veterans,"" including Eric ""Rosco"" Ambel on guitar/vocals, Dan Baird on guitar/vocals, Keith Christopher on bass, and Terry Anderson on drums/vocals. With three solo artists from singer-songwriter backgrounds—Anderson, Ambel, and Baird—the band features three lead vocalists as well as three songwriters.",• 1993 - The Yayhoos were formed during this year.,information_extraction Describe a camping plan with your family especially when you have young children,,"Before planning a camping trip, make sure you know the camping site and the facilities provided there. Having an electric campsite for cooking hot meals for the kids is critical. You must ensure the tent is big enough to accommodate your family and the bags you will carry. And lastly, carry extra clothes, food packets, packaged water, and batteries for your equipment.",creative_writing "Give me a list of the best animals one can have for a pet, starting with the best pet first.",,"1. Cat 2. Dog 3. Rabbit 4. Bird 5. Fish 6. Snake 7. Hamster 8. Gerbil 9. Guinea pig 10. Chinchilla",brainstorming What are some ideas for fun rainy day activities to do with a 7 year old?,,"* Play board games! Kids 6+ love to play board games of all kinds. You likely have a few sitting at home - dust them off and have at it! * Learn Chess! You may be surprised, but chess comes naturally to most kids, and many of them love the idea of horses, castles, kings and queens all battling against each other. While chess can take years to master, it is easy and fun to get started. * Go to the library! Libraries are great places to spend a rainy day, while giving you a chance to get out of the house. Many libraries have kids areas and besides books, you may be able to borrow legos, art supplies and puzzles, among other items. * Go outside and jump in some puddles! Put on your rain boots and embrace the rainy weather by jumping in some puddles! * Make origami! Use some unfolded scrap paper (or origami paper if you have some), fire up some online tutorials, and make anything from ninja stars to paper airplanes and boats (bonus: take the boat outside and sail it in a puddle!) * Go to your local rec center! If you're lucky enough to have a recreation center close by, then a rainy day is a great day to visit, to play basketball indoors, for example. * Take a bus or drive to a museum! 7 year olds tend to be very curious and as long as you don't overdo it, a museum can be a fun place to kill an hour or two!",brainstorming Give me a list of popular SUVs available in North America,,"SUVs (Sports Utility Vehicle) have become increasingly popular in North America in recent years. Five popular SUVs available currently include: - Kia Telluride - BMW X5 - Hyundai Palisade - Jeep Grand Cherokee - Volvo XC40",brainstorming Who was the second man to set foot on the moon,,Buzz Aldrin. He was also the first person to hold a religious ceremony on the Moon when he privately took communion.,open_qa Provide a list of your 5 dream cars,,"1. 49 Mercury Coup 2. 67 Camera 3. Ferrari California 4. Lamborghini Diablo 5. Jeep Grand Wagoneer",brainstorming Give me the all-time hit movies of Rajnikanth.,,"Baasha Padaiyappa Annamalai Chandramukhi Thalapathi Enthiran",brainstorming "Classify these emotions as positive or negative: Love, Joy, Awe, Happiness, Interest, Excitement, Sad, Fear, Distrust, Anxiety, Anger, Disgust, Trust, Apathy, Annoyance, Exuberance, Rage",,"Positive: Love, Joy, Awe, Happiness, Interest, Excitement, Trust, Exuberance Negative: Sad, Fear, Distrust, Anxiety, Anger, Disgust, Apathy, Annoyance, Rage",classification where do aliens come from,,space the final frontier or is it?,open_qa "Which of the following are actual titles for albums by Led Zeppelin? Houses of the Holy, Stairway to Heaven, Zoso, Led Zeppelin III, In Through the Out Door, Presents",,"The correct answer is Houses of the Holy, Led Zeppelin III and In Through the Out Door. Stairway to Heaven is a song title but not an album title. Zoso is commonly incorrectly used as the album title of Led Zeppelin IV. And while Presents is incorrect, there is a Led Zeppelin album entitled Presence.",classification What is the best Hip-Hop artist of all time ?,,"There are a variety of Hip-Hop artists that have been spanning through multiple years, hip-hop in the 80s is a lot different than the modern era hip-hop. The genre is constantly evolving and multiple sub-genres has emerged, like Lo-Fi, Trip-hop, Gangsta rap, ignorant rap etc... It's also hard to measure what makes the success of an artist, is it the records sold ? the number of songs ? the activity of the fanbase ? the quality of the rhymes ? the impact his song had ? What the artist do outside of it's musical activity ? it's longevity ? For example we can say that Run-DMC has been the first rap group to really push the genre forward as they were the first group to be on Mtv, having a sponsorship with Adidas, and mixing Rock with Rap in their Song with Aerosmith, but their longevity has been shortened due to the murdering of Jam Master Jay. Tupac or Notorious Big are acknowledged by a lot has the best rappers of all time because of their rhyme scheme and the fact that their song remains classics today.",open_qa "Tell me whether these states and provinces are in Canada or USA: Alabama, Ontario, British Columbia, South Dakota, Quebec, Minnesota, Wisconsin",,"Alabama: USA Ontario: Canada British Columbia: Canada South Dakota: USA Quebec: Canada Minnesota: USA Wisconsin: USA",classification What are the best ways to decrease sound resonance in a room?,,The most impactful ways to decrease the sound resonance in a room would be to concentrate on a few significant points. The most impactful and easiest change is the source of the sound that is having resonance. A more suitable location not orthogonally facing a wall will decrease echo. Sound absorption is paramount to creating a space that does not meaningfully reflect sound waves in a way that causes resonance. Focus on corners and large flat walls to prevent resonance. The material and shape can distort the sound waves enough to prevent any audible artifacts from the resonance.,brainstorming What type of terrain is a gravel bike used for?,"A gravel bicycle is a type of bicycle intended for gravel cycling, including gravel racing. They are also sometimes known as ""adventure bicycles"", particularly ones intended for harsher off-road terrain. While bicycles have been used for riding on such roads since bicycles were invented, the ""modern"" gravel bicycle, as a category, evolved in the 2000s, adopting technology from road bicycles, cyclocross bicycles and mountain bikes. They also share many characteristics of touring bicycles, such as relaxed geometry, wide tires and wide-range gearing.","Gravel bikes are a do-it-all kind of bike. They are effective on a wide array of terrain, ranging from smooth roads to singletrack trails, but thrive on harsher off-road terrain.",closed_qa "Categorize each of the following terms as related to ""golf"" or ""hockey"": puck, goal, caddy, flag, green, helmet",,"Puck: Hockey Goal: Hockey Caddy: Golf Flag: Golf Green: Golf Helmet: Hockey",classification "Tell me whether these companies are banks or car manufacturers: Chase, Wells Fargo, GMC, Ford, Tesla, Truist",,"Chase: Bank Wells Fargo: Bank GMC: Car Manufacturer Ford: Car Manufacturer Tesla: Car Manufacturer Truist: Bank",classification Give me the list of fortified wines.,,"Fortified wines: - Port - Madeira - Marsala - Sherry - Vermouth - Vinsanto",brainstorming What spices are in shawarma seasoning?,,"There are many different variations to shawarma seasoning, but the most common spices include cilantro powder, cumin, paprika, turmeric, allspice, black pepper, chili powder, cinnamon, cloves, ginger, nutmeg, and salt.",brainstorming "Classify each as National Park in Utah or Arizona: Zion National Park, Bryce Canyon, Grand Canyon, Saguaro National Park",,"National Parks in Utah: Zion National Park, Bryce Canyon National Parks in Arizona: Grand Canyon, Saguaro National Park",classification "Tell me whether these are College Football teams or NFL teams: Georgia, Giants, Chiefs, Panthers, Michigan, Texas Christian, Ohio State",,"Georgia is a college football team. Giants are a NFL football team. Chiefs are a NFL football team. Panthers are a NFL football team. Michigan is a college football team. Texas Christian is a college football team. Ohio State is a college football team.",classification What is bubble tea?,,"Bubble tea is a tea-based drink that originated in Taiwan in the early 1980s. Taiwanese immigrants brought it to the United States in the 1990s, initially in California through regions like Los Angeles County, but the drink has also spread to other countries where there is a large East Asian diaspora population.",creative_writing "What is the length of the song ""The New Deal""?","Side A 1. ""H2O Gate Blues"" – 7:58 (about the Watergate break-in and cover-up) (from Winter in America) 2. ""We Beg Your Pardon (Pardon our Analysis)"" – 7:52 (about the pardon of Richard Nixon) (from The First Minute of a New Day) 3. ""The New Deal"" – 3:10 Side B 4. ""Jose Campos Torres"" – 2:36 (about Jose Campos Torres, a U.S. Army veteran who was arrested and then murdered and tossed into a bayou by two police officers in Houston in 1978, spurring the Moody Park Riot) 5. ""The Ghetto Code (Dot Dot Dit Dit Dot Dot Dash)"" – 12:57 6. ""Bicentennial Blues"" – 8:39 (from It's Your World)",3:10,information_extraction "Classify each of the following as either a flying or aquatic animal: salmon, eagle, dolphin, whale, octopus, bat, goose",,"Among the given list, salmon, dolphin, whale, octopus are aquatic animals whereas eagle, bat and goose are flying animals.",classification Who are the most influential female computer scientists of all time?,,"Ada Lovelace Grace Hopper Hedy Lamarr Annie Easley Mary Wilkes Adele Goldberg Radia Perlman Katherine Johnson",brainstorming Write a review of your stay in a AirBnB in Rome that had a great location but poor amenities that is overall a neutral review,,"A perfectly fine place to stay. Had a really great location - we were able to get to the Colosseum, Pantheon and Roman Forum all within walking distance, and there were lots of great little restaurants and cafes we were able to visit. We felt very safe in the neighborhood, and would definitely stay in this area again. The apartment itself was just okay, with not so amazing furniture and the most basic amenities (eg very few spoons, knives and forks, mismatched bowls and such). Definitely a better place for if you are mostly going to eat out for most meals. Overall, 4/5 stars",creative_writing What are some popular movies from the 1980s?,,"Some popular movies that were released in the 1980s are Sixteen Candles, The Breakfast Club, Pretty in Pink, Scarface, The Outsiders, Heathers, Stand By Me, ET, The Princess Bride, The Terminator, Aliens, Friday the 13th, St. Elmo's Fire, Children of the Corn, Grease 2, Purple Rain, Clue, A Nightmare on Elm Street, Lucas, Gremlins, Better Off Dead and Some Kind of Wonderful",classification What are the typical items used to create a Haft-sin?,,"Garlic, apples, coins, wheat sprouts, barley sprouts, lentil sprouts, sweet pudding made from wheat germ, dried oleaster fruit, sumac, vinegar.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about roasting peanuts to make peanut butter, what temperature are peanuts roasted using the batch method in celsius?","The dry roasting process employs either the batch or continuous method. In the batch method, peanuts are heated in large quantities in a revolving oven at about 800 °F (430 °C). Next, the peanuts in each batch are uniformly held and roasted in the oven at 320 °F (160 °C) for about 40 to 60 minutes. This method is good to use when the peanuts differ in moisture content. In the continuous method, a hot air roaster is employed. The peanuts pass through the roaster whilst being rocked to permit even roasting. A photometer indicates the completion of dry roasting. This method is favored by large manufacturers since it can lower the rate of spoilage and requires less labor.",Peanuts are heated in a revolving oven at about 430 °C using the batch method.,closed_qa Best Airline in the world,,"1. Quatar airway 2. Singapore Airlines 3. Emirates",brainstorming "Classify each of the following items as being found in a gym or a bar: Dumbbells, Tequila, Vodka, Barbells, Basketball Court, Beer, Sauna, Locker Room",,"Dumbbells: Gym Tequila: Bar Vodka: Bar Barbells: Gym Basketball Court: Gym Beer: Bar Sauna: Gym Locker Room: Gym",classification What is the best way to talk to a teenager about sex,,"You should share the emotional and physical implications. Explaining that engaging in adult intimacy can lead to adult consequences. Not only is there a physical risk of pregnancy and disease, but the emotional risk of love or heartache can be very challenging for a teenager to manage without the experience and wisdom that comes with adulthood.",creative_writing Name some titles from the Goosebumps series.,,"Welcome to Dead House, Monster Blood, Say Cheese and Die!, The Cuckoo Clock of Doom, Revenge of the Lawn Gnomes, The Horror at Camp Jellyjam",open_qa Name some famous Sci-Fi books,,"- Dune, by Frank Herbert - The Martian Chronicles, by Ray Bradbury - Orbit The Fifth Season, by N.K. Jemisin - Solaris, by Stanislaw Lem - Foundation, by Isaac Asimov",open_qa "Which companies continue to make computers today: Lenovo, Apple, Tandy, Compaq, Digital, HP, Dell, Gateway.",,"The following companies continue to make computers today: Lenovo, Apple, HP, Dell. Please note that Compaq was acquired by HP and its computers were subsequently rebranded as HP.",classification Can you tell me about Tabarra?,"Tabarra agitation of 1939 was an event when some 18,000 Shias were jailed during months of March, April, and May 1939 in Lucknow, India. A civil disobedience movement was at once started by Shias following the Congress Government communique of 31 March 1939 (which allowed reciting of previously banned Madhe-Sahaba at public meetings). Sunnis called off their civil disobedience movement but its effect on Shias was far greater than anticipated; they had the authority of two committees (Piggot committee and Allsop committee) and the practice of thirty years in support of their position. Some 1800 Shias courted arrest, including prominent Shia figures such as Syed Ali Zaheer (newly elected MLA from Allahabad-Jaunpur), the Princes of the former royal family of Awadh, Sayed Muhammad Naseer Naseer-ul-Millat the son of Maulana Nasir a respected Shia mujtahid (the eldest son, student and designated successor of Maulana Sayed Nasir Hussain of Abaqati family), Maulana Sayed Kalb-e-Husain and his son Maulana Kalb-e-Abid (both ulema of Nasirabadi family) and the brothers of Raja of Salempur and the Raja of Pirpur, important ML leaders. It was believed that Maulana Nasir himself besides the top ranking ML leaders such as Raja of Mahmudabad and Raja of Pirpur would together court arrest. Maulana Azad, appointed an arbitrator by the parties, called a conference of Shias and Sunnis, but it failed to produce a settlement. Azad conveyed to Sir Haig, the Governor, his view that the communique was 'based on inadequate appreciation of the situation and, therefore, an error of judgement'. But, this statement came just a day before the Barawafat, and a Madhe-Sahaba procession was taken out. The Shias too were allowed a counter-procession, it was disturbed and resulted in a serious riot. Several people died and police had to open fire several times. The following year i.e. 1940, the district authorities banned the public recitation of Madhe-Sahaba and Tabarra in processions and meetings held in public places.","Civil disobedient movement in 1939 is an event that is called Tabarra agitation. Around 18,000 Shias were jailed during 1939 in Lucknow, India",summarization Right data distribution strategy for Azure Synapse,,"A round-robin table to create and delivers fast performance tables when used as a staging table for loads. Hashing by distribution column then dictates how the data is spread across the underlying distributions Replication is very good for small lookup tables or dimension tables that are frequently joined with other big tables.",brainstorming "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Neanderthal, Bigeye Tuna",,"Bigeye Tune is alive, Neanderthal is extinct.",classification Who is John Quincy Adams?,"John Quincy Adams (/ˈkwɪnzi/ (listen); July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was an American politician, diplomat, lawyer, and diarist who served as the sixth president of the United States, from 1825 to 1829. He previously served as the eighth United States Secretary of State from 1817 to 1825. During his long diplomatic and political career, Adams also served as an ambassador, and as a member of the United States Congress representing Massachusetts in both chambers. He was the eldest son of John Adams, who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801, and First Lady Abigail Adams. Initially a Federalist like his father, he won election to the presidency as a member of the Democratic-Republican Party, and in the mid-1830s became affiliated with the Whig Party.","John Quincy Adams (/ˈkwɪnzi/ (listen); July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was an American politician, diplomat, lawyer, and diarist who served as the sixth president of the United States, from 1825 to 1829. He previously served as the eighth United States Secretary of State from 1817 to 1825. During his long diplomatic and political career, Adams also served as an ambassador, and as a member of the United States Congress representing Massachusetts in both chambers. He was the eldest son of John Adams, who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801, and First Lady Abigail Adams. Initially a Federalist like his father, he won election to the presidency as a member of the Democratic-Republican Party, and in the mid-1830s became affiliated with the Whig Party. Born in Braintree, Massachusetts, Adams spent much of his youth in Europe, where his father served as a diplomat. After returning to the United States, Adams established a successful legal practice in Boston. In 1794, President George Washington appointed Adams as the U.S. ambassador to the Netherlands, and Adams would serve in high-ranking diplomatic posts until 1801, when Thomas Jefferson took office as president. Federalist leaders in Massachusetts arranged for Adams's election to the United States Senate in 1802, but Adams broke with the Federalist Party over foreign policy and was denied re-election. In 1809, President James Madison, a member of the Democratic-Republican Party, appointed Adams as the U.S. ambassador to Russia. Multilingual, Adams held diplomatic posts for the duration of Madison's presidency, and he served as part of the American delegation that negotiated an end to the War of 1812. In 1817, President James Monroe selected Adams as his Secretary of State. In that role, Adams negotiated the Adams–Onís Treaty, which provided for the American acquisition of Florida. He also helped formulate the Monroe Doctrine, which became a key tenet of U.S. foreign policy. In 1818, Adams was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia. Adams, Andrew Jackson, William H. Crawford, and Henry Clay—all members of the Democratic-Republican Party—competed in the 1824 presidential election. Because no candidate won a majority of electoral votes, the House of Representatives held a contingent election, which Adams won with the support of Speaker of the House Clay, whom Adams would go on to controversially appoint as his Secretary of State. As president, Adams called for an ambitious agenda that included federally funded infrastructure projects, the establishment of a national university, and engagement with the countries of Latin America, but Congress refused to pass many of his initiatives. During Adams's presidency, the Democratic-Republican Party split into two major camps: the National Republican Party, which supported President Adams, and Andrew Jackson's Democratic Party. The Democrats proved to be more effective political organizers than Adams and his National Republican supporters, and Jackson soundly defeated Adams in the 1828 presidential election, making Adams the second president to fail to win re-election (his father being the first). Rather than retiring from public service, Adams won election to the House of Representatives, where he would serve from 1831 until his death in 1848. He remains the only former president to be elected to the chamber. After narrowly losing his bids for Governor of Massachusetts and Senate re-election, Adams joined the Anti-Masonic Party in the early 1830s before joining the Whig Party, which united those opposed to President Jackson. During his time in Congress, Adams became increasingly critical of slavery and of the Southern leaders whom he believed controlled the Democratic Party. He was particularly opposed to the annexation of Texas and the Mexican–American War, which he saw as a war to extend slavery and its political grip on Congress. He also led the repeal of the ""gag rule"", which had prevented the House of Representatives from debating petitions to abolish slavery. Historians concur that Adams was one of the greatest diplomats and secretaries of state in American history; they typically rank him as an average president, as he had an ambitious agenda but could not get it passed by Congress. By contrast, historians also view Adams in a more positive light during his post-presidency because of his vehement stance against slavery, as well as his fight for the rights of women and Native Americans.",information_extraction "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Bak, Fiddle",,"Bak is percussion, Fiddle is string.",classification Name some masterpieces of Russian Literature,,"* War and Peace, Leo Tolstoy. * Crime and Punishment, Fyodor Dostoevsky. * Evgenyi Onegin, Alexander Pushkin. * Dead Souls, Nikolay Gogol. * Woe from Wit,Alexander Griboedov. * The Master and Margarita, Mikhail Bulgakov. * Oblomov, Ivan Goncharov.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about Charles Inglis, give answers to the following: his father's name, his colleague's name, and his grandfather's occupation.","Charles Inglis was the second son of Dr. Alexander Inglis (a general practitioner in Worcester) and his first wife, Florence, the daughter of newspaper proprietor John Frederick Feeney. His elder brother was the historian John Alexander Inglis FRSE Their father, Alexander Inglis was born in Scotland to a respectable family – his grandfather, John Inglis, was an Admiral in the Royal Navy and had captained HMS Belliqueux at the Battle of Camperdown in 1797. Charles Inglis was born on 31 July 1875. He was not expected to survive and was hurriedly baptised in his father's drawing room; his mother died from complications eleven days later. His family moved to Cheltenham and Inglis was schooled at Cheltenham College from 1889 to 1894. In his final year, he was elected head boy and received a scholarship to study the Mathematics Tripos at King's College, Cambridge. Inglis was 22nd wrangler[nb 1] when he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1897; he remained for a fourth year, achieving first class honours in Mechanical Sciences. Inglis was a keen sportsman and enjoyed long-distance running, walking, mountaineering and sailing. At Cambridge, he nearly achieved a blue for long-distance running but was forced to withdraw from a significant race because of a pulled muscle. He was also a follower of the Cambridge University Rugby Union team, watching their matches at Grange Road. After graduation, Inglis began work as an apprentice for the civil engineering firm of John Wolfe-Barry & Partners. He worked as a draughtsman in the drawing office for several months before being placed with Alexander Gibb, who was acting as resident engineer on an extension to the Metropolitan District Railway between Whitechapel and Bow. Inglis was responsible for the design and supervision of all thirteen bridges on the route. It was during this time that he began his lifelong study of vibration and its effects on materials, particularly bridges.","Alexander Inglis, Alexander Gibb, Admiral in the Royal Navy",closed_qa "Identify which car manufacturer is Japanese or American: Acura, Ford",,"Ford is American, Acura is Japanese",classification "Explain how ""work from home"" has an opportunity cost. Provide anecdotes to support your points.",,"These days, it is “cool” to be a techie. Jobs come with perks, including nap rooms and free gourmet lunches. Celebrity entrepreneurs, like Mark Cuban, talk about how they are learning to write code. Back in the late 1990s when I started getting paid to write code, this was not the case. I often found myself in windowless rooms, basements or chilly server rooms wrangling data or writing code. However, from early on in my career, my managers ensured that I was exposed to the real action: where the business value-add activities took place. I walked factory floors at Prestolite in Ann Arbor to see how the ERP system for which I was contributing programming code played a part in the convergence of IT with humans working with machines and parts to produce finished products. When I worked for Richard Helppie’s Superior Consultant Holdings Corporation, while between programming assignments, I shadowed an industrial engineer who was helping to redesign an Emergency Department’s (ED) physical layout; we watched the flow of doctors, patients and nurses. We asked questions like: “why are the doctors not using the stations intended for note-taking and instead are walking down two hallways to take their notes in empty offices?”; it turned out that the note-taking station in the heart of the ED was a place where doctors were exposed to all sorts of noise and other distractions. Being a good programmer had a lot to do with understanding software architecture, APIs, etc… But being a better programmer meant understanding the world in which the software was actually put into practice. Ford Motor Company’s F-150 has been America’s best selling truck for 46 consecutive years. Looking at the finished product with your eyes barely conveys the awesome complexity of the supply chain involved in bringing it to life. To get a better sense of the convergence of the F-150’s supply chain into its finished product, you can take a stroll on the catwalk that hovers above the assembly line as part of the Ford Rouge Factory Tour. The public can tour the plant and walk above a large portion of the assembly process. You can see Kanban in action as workers pull components from bins and perform their specialized task in a step of the ever-rolling line, while overhead displays help orchestrate replenishment. You can get a sense of the optimized flows of humans, robots and parts. And, maybe, if you look closely, you’ll spot opportunities for improvements in the process, in the safety measures, or in areas where automation has not yet taken hold. Consider whether or not you would see such opportunities by looking at charts and graphs… Alan Mulally was figuratively and literally a gymnast (at least during his time at the University of Kansas). After taking over the reins as CEO of Ford in 2006, he famously transformed a culture with deep-rooted divisional fiefdoms that hindered communication, reporting, efficiency and agility into a new era of quality, efficiency and innovation. A disciplined engineer by training, he did not solely rely on charts, facts and figures to drive organizational change. He used his eyes and made sure that the leaders saw the firm’s operations in a certain, methodical way. For instance, he built trust through transparency by using simple visual tools (like color-coding for status). Once Mulally brought divisional leaders together to a conference room to look at a pile of hood prop rods for the various cars and trucks that Ford manufactures. The prop rods all looked different. They were from different suppliers, made of different materials, had a variety of costs, and had different internal staff dedicated to their role in the supply chain and assembly. He did not send a spreadsheet in an email to make his point. He had the leadership team look at the rods on the table and aimed for them to understand that “this kind of variation is costly but doesn’t matter to consumers.” Mulally performed organizational and operational gymnastics, starting with a junk-rated company, and ending up being called “The Savior of Ford”. Mulally understood the power of seeing and of showing. In the 1970s, Japan rocked the automotive world by mass producing high-quality, fuel-efficient vehicles at highly competitive prices. The Toyota way eventually swept across the industry, and a new jargon (and mindset) made its way to Detroit, with terms like Kaizen, Kanban, and Genchi Genbutsu. The Gemba Walk made its way into automotive manufacturing and other industries, such as Overhead Door and at the COVID-19 vaccination center at Mount Morningside Hospital in New York City. “The literal translation for Gemba (現場) is ‘the real place’ and in business it refers to the real place where value is created, such as the factory floor.” These tools are not a magic bullet; a Harvard Business Review study found that MBWA (“management by walking around”) decreased performance, on average, in a hospital setting. I used aspects of the Gemba Walk to help design a software system for lab technicians at a major national laboratory. When the CDC needed help to track the variants of the SARS-Cov-2 (“Coronavirus”) across the USA, I helped build a system that enabled lab technicians to efficiently select and route the appropriate samples for the genetic sequencing process, a step that comes after the COVID PCR test. I went to the lab, watched the technicians, observed the physical flow of humans and materials in the lab and talked with the people involved in the process. I was able to see (and measure) aspects of the process that I was tasked with automating. I made observations that I never could have made through video calls or emails. Software practitioners (developers, designers, architects, UX engineers and product owners) are continuously building and refining systems for robotics, assembly lines, labs, logistics, warehouses, shipyards, and other industries. “Agile” software development is a common methodology (and has some roots that are tied to Toyota-inspired manufacturing practices). Agile facilitates frequent, structured communication, but the product owner often serves as a proxy for the actual business stakeholders. He or she may communicate with slides, diagrams and customer “user stories”. However, as the value chain is communicated through the various parties (product owner, architect, etc.), the real-world value chain (what does the assembly line actually look like when it is in full swing) can become distilled and distorted. Executives and senior managers are keenly monitoring the Work from Home (WFH) phenomenon. The U.S. Census Bureau is tracking WFH trends. Academics are analyzing WFH. Celebrity executives are flip-flopping on WFH. Productivity is questioned. But, are we asking the right question? Can you WFH and walk? It is clear that IT and non-IT professionals prefer WFH… So companies are in a bind: force in-office work or find some middle ground. A.P. Moller – Maersk, “an integrated transport and logistics company”, lists job vacancies on their website. When looking at their IT jobs, you will struggle to see a mention of “Remote” or “Work from Home.” And you will also see vacancies, such as this Lead Software Engineer that have been open since May of 2022. A startup named “Gemba” is hoping to solve this vexing problem using Virtual Reality (VR). A Global Newswire article from January, 2023 describes Gemba’s origin story: “Gemba grew out of executive training company The Leadership Network, founded in 2013 by CEO Nathan Robinson and Chairman Victor Lewis. Through its collaboration with global giants like Toyota, Tesla, Google, BMW and Amazon, senior executives from non-competing companies have been able to visit their state-of-the-art factories and facilities to see best practice in action as part of an executive Gemba masterclass.” We’ll see if technology will allow techies like myself to continue to work in our pajamas while getting the benefits of a Gemba Walk. In the meantime, executives and senior managers may want to consider scheduling on-site Gemba walks. Just don’t forget to supply a gourmet lunch, a foot massage, and some nice swag.",creative_writing "If you were to weigh each one of these items on average, what would be considered heavy and light if you were to carry them: boulder, pebble, feather, bowling ball, elephant, seed, sand, dirt, water, books, papers, backpack",,"heavy: boulder, bowling ball, elephant, sand, dirt, water, backpack light: feather, seed, books, papers",classification list 7 favourite flavours,,"Vanilla Chocolate Orange Strawberry pineapple Mango chocochip",brainstorming How many people who contract COVID-19 end up experiencing symptoms and what symptoms might they experience?,"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease quickly spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. The symptoms of COVID‑19 are variable but often include fever, cough, headache, fatigue, breathing difficulties, loss of smell, and loss of taste. Symptoms may begin one to fourteen days after exposure to the virus. At least a third of people who are infected do not develop noticeable symptoms. Of those who develop symptoms noticeable enough to be classified as patients, most (81%) develop mild to moderate symptoms (up to mild pneumonia), while 14% develop severe symptoms (dyspnea, hypoxia, or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging), and 5% develop critical symptoms (respiratory failure, shock, or multiorgan dysfunction). Older people are at a higher risk of developing severe symptoms. Some people continue to experience a range of effects (long COVID) for months after recovery, and damage to organs has been observed. Multi-year studies are underway to further investigate the long-term effects of the disease.","Approximately two-thirds of people who are infected with COVID-19 develop noticeable symptoms. Of those who develop symptoms noticeable enough to be classified as patients, most (81%) develop mild to moderate symptoms (up to mild pneumonia), while 14% develop severe symptoms (dyspnea, hypoxia, or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging), and 5% develop critical symptoms (respiratory failure, shock, or multiorgan dysfunction).",closed_qa Who was the first women to do the spacewalk?,,Svetlana Savitskaya in the year 1984,open_qa Why do we feel worse at night when we have a cold or the flu?,,"Our immune system typically tends to follow circadian rhythm, which means it gives us a break during day time and tries to fight the virus during night time, which in turn causes inflammation and increased temperature in our body.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Tambura, Tubax",,"Tubax is woodwind, Tambura is string.",classification Who where the San Diego Stingrays,,"The San Diego Stingrays were a charter member of International Basketball League (IBL) and played at the San Diego Sports Arena and was owned by online sports gaming entrepreneur Scott Atkins. The following season, the team returned to San Diego under the name, San Diego Wildfire, along with new ownership and management. In June 1999, San Diego hired former San Diego State Aztecs men's basketball head coach Smokey Gaines to helm the team. Former National Basketball Association (NBA) player Jeff Malone was hired as Gains' assistant coach in July 1999. Bill Tosheff was the director of basketball operations for the Stingrays. Rapper Master P, who had previously played in the NBA pre-season, signed with the Stingrays in November 1999. The Stingrays first home game in 1999 was attended by 9,786 people—an IBL best. The San Diego Stingrays had a dance team as well that participated in several community events. They were led by director Demilo Young and Sheila Christensen.",open_qa Who would win if Mike Tyson fought Tyson Fury?,,"This seems like a tricky question to answer as both boxers have a very different fighting style and belong to different eras. It's easy to say that Tyson Fury would have the reach advantage due to his height being just under 7 feet, but if I had to pick one I would pick Mike Tyson due to the sheer ferocity of his boxing skills. Mike Tyson would probably seek to cause a lot of body damage with his signature hooks to the liver and use Fury's long gait to sneak inwards for body shots. It would be interesting to see how Fury is able to limit the body damage caused by Mike by using his world-renowned reflexes. I must still say that it would be a very close fight as both of them are greats of the boxing world!",brainstorming What are the best Sherlock Holmes short stories?,,"While ""best"" can be subjective, the author of the Sherlock Holmes series, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, selected his own list of 12 short stories that he thought were the best. His list was this: 1. The Speckled Band 2. The Red-Headed League 3. The Dancing Men 4. The Final Problem 5. A Scandal in Bohemia 6. The Empty House 7. The Five Orange Pips 8. The Second Stain 9. The Devil’s Foot 10. The Priory School 11. The Musgrave Ritual 12. The Reigate Squires",brainstorming "From the passage, what awards did Shirley L. Fulton receive? List the awards using bullets with the year in which the award was given, in the form {year}: {award}","Shirley L. Fulton (January 2, 1952 – February 8, 2023) was an American judge and prosecutor. She was the first African American woman to serve as a judge in the Superior Court of North Carolina, a position she held for 14 years. Earlier in her career, she had served as the first black female prosecutor in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. In 2009, Fulton was the recipient of a Citizen Lawyer Award from the North Carolina Bar Association. In 2010, Fulton received the Order of the Long Leaf Pine in recognition of her service to North Carolina. In 2014, Fulton was presented with the Chief Justice's Professionalism Award, ""for her selfless dedication and commitment to the principles of professionalism and public service in North Carolina"". In 2018, Fulton was inducted as a Legal Legend of Color by the NCBA Minorities in the Profession Committee. Other accolades included the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Medallion, awarded by the Charlotte Community Relations Committee.","* 2009: Citizen Lawyer Award * 2010: Order of the Long Leaf Pine * 2014: Chief Justice's Professionalism Award * 2018: Legal Legend of Color Another award that I for which I do not have a year is the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Medallion award.",information_extraction "Instead of making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, what else could I combine peanut butter with in a sandwich? Give five ideas.",,"Instead of jelly, try one of the following with peanut butter in a sandwich: 1. Honey 2. Raisins 3. Fruit preserves 4. Bananas 5. Sliced apples",brainstorming Best beach vacation in the world,,"1. Maldives (Best resorts with All inclusive ) 2. Mauritius 3. Cancun",brainstorming How long did it take for ironworking to be commonplace in West Africa following its introduction in Northern Africa?,"By the first millennium BCE, ironworking had been introduced in Northern Africa. Around that time it also became established in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, either through independent invention there or diffusion from the north and vanished under unknown circumstances around 500 CE, having lasted approximately 2,000 years, and by 500 BCE, metalworking began to become commonplace in West Africa. Ironworking was fully established by roughly 500 BCE in many areas of East and West Africa, although other regions didn't begin ironworking until the early centuries CE. Copper objects from Egypt, North Africa, Nubia, and Ethiopia dating from around 500 BCE have been excavated in West Africa, suggesting that Trans-Saharan trade networks had been established by this date.",Ironworking was introduced in Northern Africa around the first millennium BCE and became commonplace in West Africa by 500 BCE. This means it took 500 years (1000-500) for ironworking to become common in West Africa following its introduction in Northern Africa.,closed_qa Best place to visit Sikkim for 2 days,,"1. Go to Gangtok 2. Night go to Marg road 3. Next Day go Nathula pass and stay over night",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Rakatak, K'ni",,"K'ni is string, Rakatak is percussion.",classification "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Vaquita, Daeodon",,"Daeodon is extinct, Vaquita is alive.",classification "Tell me whether each of these is a drug or food: marijuana, fried chicken, alcohol, caffeine, sushi, mango",,"Marijuana: Drug Fried Chicken: Food Alcohol: Drug Caffeine: Drug Sushi: Food Mango: Food",classification Think up a bunch of different meals I can make that include potatoes.,,"Potatoes are a very versatile food that can be used in many meals. Some of my favorites are: - Shepherd's Pie - Loaded Baked Potatoes - Poutine - Potatoes au Gratin",brainstorming "Classify each of the following as ""Can Fly"" or ""Can't Fly"": Kite, bird, dog, plane, car, scooter",,"Kite: Can Fly Bird: Can Fly Dog: Can't Fly Plane: Can Fly Car: Can't Fly Scooter: Can't Fly",classification "Classify each of the following as a city or country: Bangkok, India, London, Mexico.",,"Bangkok - City, India - Country, London- City, Mexico- Country",classification "My cat is constantly meowing by the door after I let her out once, but it's dangerous for cats to be outdoors unsupervised. What are some ways I can train her to stop meowing?",,"There are a few different ways you can train your cat to stop meowing: - Get a clicker, and whenever she pauses her meowing, click the clicker and give her a treat. The clicker trains her to associate her behavior with the reward. - Find something else to entertain her, such as a cat toy, or a video of wildlife. - Build an outdoor enclosure for her, accessible from a cat door. This will allow her to go outside, but in a safe and controller environment.",brainstorming What is Orchesis - either professional or amateur,,Art of Dancing,open_qa What are the words of House Marbrand?,,"""Burning Bright""",open_qa "What are the five best sports cars to buy right now, under $200K USD?",,"Assuming now authorized dealer markups (ADMs), the following cars are often considered among the best sports cars under $200K. 1. Porsche 992 GT3, 2. Audi R8 V10, 3. Chevrolet C8 Z06 Corvette, 4. Porsche 718 GT4, 5. Acura NSX",brainstorming Names some of the famous bravolebrities from Million Dollar Listing Los Angeles,,"Tracy Tutor, Josh Flagg, Heather Altman and Josh Altman",open_qa "Given these two paragraphs, where did Jimmy Carter go to college?","Carter attended Plains High School from 1937 to 1941, graduating from the eleventh grade, since the school did not have a twelfth grade. By that time, Archery and Plains had been impoverished by the Great Depression, but the family benefited from New Deal farming subsidies, and Carter's father took a position as a community leader. Carter himself was a diligent student with a fondness for reading. A popular anecdote holds that he was passed over for valedictorian after he and his friends skipped school to venture downtown in a hot rod. Carter's truancy was mentioned in a local newspaper, although it is not clear he would have otherwise been valedictorian. As an adolescent, Carter played on the Plains High School basketball team, and also joined a youth organization named the Future Farmers of America, which helped him develop a lifelong interest in woodworking. Carter had long dreamed of attending the United States Naval Academy. In 1941, he started undergraduate coursework in engineering at Georgia Southwestern College in nearby Americus, Georgia. The following year, he transferred to the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, and he earned admission to the Naval Academy in 1943.  He was a good student but was seen as reserved and quiet, in contrast to the academy's culture of aggressive hazing of freshmen.  While at the academy, Carter fell in love with Rosalynn Smith, a friend of his sister Ruth. The two married shortly after his graduation in 1946. He was a sprint football player for the Navy Midshipmen. Carter graduated 60th out of 821 midshipmen in the class of 1947 with a Bachelor of Science degree and was commissioned as an ensign.","Jimmy Carter received his Bachelor of Science degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1947. However, he began his undergraduate studies at Georgia Southwestern College. A year later, he transferred to the Georgia Institute of Technology before ultimately earning his admission into the Naval Academy where he would complete his studies.",closed_qa Summarise me a history of the Aches National Park creation,"Humans have occupied the region since the last ice age 10,000 years ago. Fremont people and Ancestral Puebloans lived in the area until about 700 years ago. Spanish missionaries encountered Ute and Paiute tribes in the area when they first came through in 1775, but the first European-Americans to attempt settlement in the area were the Mormon Elk Mountain Mission in 1855, who soon abandoned the area. Ranchers, farmers, and prospectors later settled Moab in the neighboring Riverine Valley in the late 1870s. Word of the beauty of the surrounding rock formations spread beyond the settlement as a possible tourist destination. The Arches area was first brought to the attention of the National Park Service by Frank A. Wadleigh, passenger traffic manager of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad. Wadleigh, accompanied by railroad photographer George L. Beam, visited the area in September 1923 at the invitation of Alexander Ringhoffer, a Hungarian-born prospector living in Salt Valley. Ringhoffer had written to the railroad to interest them in the tourist potential of a scenic area he had discovered the previous year with his two sons and a son-in-law, which he called the Devils Garden (known today as the Klondike Bluffs). Wadleigh was impressed by what Ringhoffer showed him, and suggested to Park Service director Stephen T. Mather that the area be made a national monument. The following year, additional support for the monument idea came from Laurence Gould, a University of Michigan graduate student (and future polar explorer) studying the geology of the nearby La Sal Mountains, who was shown the scenic area by local physician Dr. J. W. ""Doc"" Williams. A succession of government investigators examined the area, in part due to confusion as to the precise location. In the process, the name Devils Garden was transposed to an area on the opposite side of Salt Valley that includes Landscape Arch, the longest arch in the park. Ringhoffer's original discovery was omitted, while another area nearby, known locally as the Windows, was included. Designation of the area as a national monument was supported by the Park Service in 1926 but was resisted by President Calvin Coolidge's Interior Secretary, Hubert Work. Finally, in April 1929, shortly after his inauguration, President Herbert Hoover signed a presidential proclamation creating the Arches National Monument, consisting of two comparatively small, disconnected sections. The purpose of the reservation under the 1906 Antiquities Act was to protect the arches, spires, balanced rocks, and other sandstone formations for their scientific and educational value. The name Arches was suggested by Frank Pinkely, superintendent of the Park Service's southwestern national monuments, following a visit to the Windows section in 1925. In late 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a proclamation that enlarged the Arches to protect additional scenic features and permit the development of facilities to promote tourism. A small adjustment was made by President Dwight Eisenhower in 1960 to accommodate a new road alignment. In early 1969, just before leaving office, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed a proclamation substantially enlarging the Arches. Two years later, President Richard Nixon signed legislation enacted by Congress, which significantly reduced the total area enclosed, but changed its status. Arches National Park was formally dedicated in May 1972. In 1980, vandals attempted to use an abrasive kitchen cleanser to deface ancient petroglyphs in the park, prompting park officials to recruit physicist John F. Asmus, who specialized in using lasers to restore works of art, to use his technology to repair the damage. Asmus ""zapped the panel with intense light pulses and succeeded in removing most of the cleanser"". In 2016, there was another vandalism event on Frame Arch in the park, where a section if the rock was carved out. Due to advances in technology, in 2018 the arch was repaired through color match and modern infilling methods.","First Humans appeared in this region during the last ice age 10000 years ago. The first settlers began in 1775 but were abandoned before 1855 when ranchers, farmers, and prospectors settled in Moab(the closest city to the Arches). The first attention to these beautiful rock formations was broad in 1923 by Frank A. Wadleigh. Devils Garden(known as Klondike Bluffs today) got its name from a prospector from Salt Valley Alexander Ringhoffer, Devils Garden was transposed to an area on the opposite side of Salt Valley. Landscape Arch is the longest arch in the park and the fifth longest in the world! In 1929, President Herbert Hoover signed a presidential proclamation creating the Arches National Monument to protect the arches, spires, balanced rocks, and other sandstone formations for their scientific and educational value. The name Arches was suggested by Frank Pinkely, in 1925. From 1938 multiple presidents of the United States of America signed multiple proclamations to protest scenic features and permits for road constructions in order to attract tourists into the area but only in 1972 Arches National Park was officially created. In 1980, vandals tried to destroy ancient petroglyphs in the park, which physicist John F. Asmus restored using laser technology for restoration. In 2016, another vandalism event happened on Frame Arch a section of rocks was carved, but thanks to technology, it was restored.",summarization Give me a concise summary of the history of baseball,"The evolution of baseball from older bat-and-ball games is difficult to trace with precision. Consensus once held that today's baseball is a North American development from the older game rounders, popular among children in Great Britain and Ireland. American baseball historian David Block suggests that the game originated in England; recently uncovered historical evidence supports this position. Block argues that rounders and early baseball were actually regional variants of each other, and that the game's most direct antecedents are the English games of stoolball and ""tut-ball"". The earliest known reference to baseball is in a 1744 British publication, A Little Pretty Pocket-Book, by John Newbery. Block discovered that the first recorded game of ""Bass-Ball"" took place in 1749 in Surrey, and featured the Prince of Wales as a player. This early form of the game was apparently brought to Canada by English immigrants. By the early 1830s, there were reports of a variety of uncodified bat-and-ball games recognizable as early forms of baseball being played around North America. The first officially recorded baseball game in North America was played in Beachville, Ontario, Canada, on June 4, 1838. In 1845, Alexander Cartwright, a member of New York City's Knickerbocker Club, led the codification of the so-called Knickerbocker Rules, which in turn were based on rules developed in 1837 by William R. Wheaton of the Gotham Club. While there are reports that the New York Knickerbockers played games in 1845, the contest long recognized as the first officially recorded baseball game in U.S. history took place on June 19, 1846, in Hoboken, New Jersey: the ""New York Nine"" defeated the Knickerbockers, 23–1, in four innings. With the Knickerbocker code as the basis, the rules of modern baseball continued to evolve over the next half-century. By the time of the Civil War, baseball had begun to overtake its fellow bat-and-ball sport cricket in popularity within the United States, due in part to baseball being of a much shorter duration than the form of cricket played at the time, as well as the fact that troops during the Civil War did not need a specialized playing surface to play baseball, as they would have required for cricket.","Although the history of baseball cannot be determined with great precision, it is said that the game originated in England during the 1700s. The first official game to be played in North America took place in 1838 in Beachville, Ontario, Canada and in 1846 the first official game took place in the United States. The original rules of baseball, called the Knickerbocker Rules"" were established in 1845 and formed the basis of the rules of modern baseball that evolved over the following century.",summarization My parents are staying with me this weekend. What should I do with them?,,"Your parents are probably just happy to spend time with you. Still, it can be difficult to know how to entertain them in your city. Here are some ideas for things to do with your parents: - Take them to a local brewery or winery - Find an easy hike to do one morning - Cook them a meal at home and watch a parent-friendly movie - Go to a local sporting event - Have some people over for food and games so your parents can get to know your friends",brainstorming "Classify the following nba teams with their respective conference: kings, clippers, bucks, hawks, celtics",,"the kings and clippers are in the western conference while the bucks, hawks, and celtics are in the eastern conference",classification Which state's capital is inaccessible by road?,,"Juneau, Alaska is inaccessible by road, but cars can get to the city via ferry.",open_qa is daylight saving necessary at all?,,"Absolutely no! Daylight Savings originated around WWI in an effort to conserve fuel and electricity. US enacted the act to preserve Daylight saving time in 1918 and established standard time zone across the States. However, with modern power grids and diverse night life, Daylight Savings is seemingly not relevant today. A lot of people complain about the inconvenience in turning the clock back and forth twice a year. The rate of being late for schedules or air flights on the day of daylight saving starts or ends every year is much higher than any other day in a year. In fact, even in the US, Arizona and Hawaii do not recognize daylight saving time. So do a lot of other countries like China and Japan. For European countries, the daylight saving switch date differs from one to another. All the chaos of daylight saving cause more trouble in schedule across-region appointments and meetings than any benefits of it if we can think of any.",brainstorming "Based on the following paragraph on squat lobster fisheries, where do such fisheries exist today?","Flesh from these animals is often commercially sold in restaurants as ""langostino"" or sometimes dishonestly called ""lobster"" when incorporated in seafood dishes. As well as being used for human consumption, there is demand for squat lobster meat to be used as feed in fish farms and shrimp or prawn farms. This is in part because they contain astaxanthin, a pigment that helps to colour the meat of farmed salmon and trout. Despite their worldwide distribution and great abundance, there are few functioning fisheries for squat lobsters. Experimental fisheries have occurred in several countries, including Argentina, Mexico, and New Zealand, but commercial exploitation is currently restricted to Latin America, and chiefly to Chile. The main target species are Pleuroncodes monodon, P. planipes, and Cervimunida johni. In Central America, the primary species of squat lobster targeted by fisheries is a species of Pleuroncodes. There is a great deal of confusion over both scientific names and common names, and the exact species is often unknown. In El Salvador, for instance, the commercial catch is generally referred to as ""P. planipes"", but is in fact P. monodon. Commercial fishing for squat lobsters in El Salvador began in the early 1980s; production increased markedly in the 2001 season, and has continued to grow, now making up 98% of the demersal resources landed in El Salvador, with annual catches peaking at 13,708 t in 2005. In Costa Rica, aggregations of squat lobsters are avoided, as the fishermen fear the squat lobsters will clog their nets. In Nicaragua, squat lobsters are heavily exploited, especially following a large increase in fishing effort in the 2007 season. In Panama, production reached 492 t in 2008. Chilean squat lobster fisheries initially targeted Cervimunida johni, beginning in 1953. By the mid-1960s, effort had largely switched to P. monodon. In an effort to conserve stocks, the Chilean government instituted quotas for squat lobsters, and the fishery is closely monitored. In New Zealand, Munida gregaria has been considered as a potential fisheries resource, particularly to feed farmed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).","Commercial fisheries for squat lobsters currently exist only in Latin America, mainly in Chile due to the restriction on commercial exploitation of these animals. There are, however, a number of experimental fisheries in countries such as Argentina, Mexico, and New Zealand.",closed_qa What are the words of House Velaryon?,,"""The Old, the True, the Brave""",open_qa Suggest some ranged weapons for role playing games.,,"Ranged weapons include the bow, shotgun, rifle and cannon.",brainstorming Name different types of paper you would see in a notebook,,"Blank Dotted Ruled Squared",brainstorming "What did Allen Iverson mean when he said: ""We talking about practice""?",,"Allen Iverson, the star player for the Philadelphia 76ers basketball team, made this quote in a media session at the end of a disappointing season. Members of the media asked Iverson some questions about his work ethic and his dedication to practice, and he responded with rant that includes this quote, which has become a meme used to accuse someone of not being as dedicated to their craft as they could be.",open_qa "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Fantastic Four, Doom Patrol",,"Doom Patrol is DC, Fantastic Four is Marvel",classification "Tell me whether each of these players is a quarterback or running back: Ezekiel Elliot, Peyton Manning, Lamar Jackson, Leonard Fournette, Sam Darnold, Derrick Henry",,"Ezekiel Elliot: Running Back Peyton Manning: Quarterback Lamar Jackson: Quarterback Leonard Fournette: Running Back Sam Darnold: Quarterback Derrick Henry: Running Back",classification Who do you think is the most powerful Mandalorian in Star Wars history?,,"It would have be Te Ani'la Mand'alor, or also called Mandalore the Ultimate.",open_qa "In a section labeled ""Isaac Asimov's Autobiography Volumes"", from the given paragraph list the names of the volumes of Asimov's autobiography in chronological order with the following format {YEAR} - {TITLE} separated by newlines. Then, in a new section, list Janet Asimov's contributions in a section labeled ""Asimov Biographies Janet Asimov Wrote or Contributed To"" in the same format.","Asimov published three volumes of autobiography. In Memory Yet Green (1979) and In Joy Still Felt (1980) cover his life up to 1978. The third volume, I. Asimov: A Memoir (1994), covered his whole life (rather than following on from where the second volume left off). The epilogue was written by his widow Janet Asimov after his death. The book won a Hugo Award in 1995. Janet Asimov edited It's Been a Good Life (2002), a condensed version of his three autobiographies. He also published three volumes of retrospectives of his writing, Opus 100 (1969), Opus 200 (1979), and Opus 300 (1984).","Isaac Asimov's Autobiography Volumes 1979 - In Memory Yet Green 1980 - In Joy Still Felt 1994 - I. Asimov: A Memoir Asimov Biographies Janet Asimov Wrote or Contributed To 1994 - I. Asimov: A Memoir 2002 - It's Been a Good Life",information_extraction "Using the passage, summarise the key events of Jalal Talabani's career as a bullet point list","After completing his studies at the Baghdad University, he entered the Iraqi Army, where he served shortly as a tank unit commander. In the early 1960, he was made the head of the Polit bureau of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP). When in September 1961, the Kurdish uprising for the rights of the Kurds in northern Iraq was declared against the Baghdad government of Abd al-Karim Qasim, Talabani took charge of the Kirkuk and Silemani battlefronts and organized and led separatist movements in Mawat, Rezan and the Qaradagh regions. In March 1962, he led a coordinated offensive that brought about the liberation of the district of Sharbazher from Iraqi government forces. When not engaged in fighting in the early and mid-1960s, Talabani undertook numerous diplomatic missions, representing the Kurdish leadership at meetings in Europe and the Middle East. In 1964, he and the Barzani family had a dispute over the direction of the KDP and Talabani left Iraq and settled in Iran. In Iran he purchased weapons without the knowledge of the Barzanis, following which he was expelled from the KDP in summer 1964. After the March 1970 agreement between the Iraqi government and the Kurdish rebels, Talabani returned to Iraqi Kurdistan, and rejoined the KDP, even though he wouldn't hold an office at the time. The Kurdish separatist movement collapsed in March 1975, after Iran ended their support in exchange for a border agreement with Iraq. This agreement was the 1975 Algiers Agreement, where Iraq gave up claims to the Shatt al-Arab (Arvand Rūd) waterway and Khuzestan, which later became the basis for the Iran–Iraq War. Believing it was time to give a new direction to the Kurdish separatists and to the Kurdish society, Talabani, with a group of Kurdish intellectuals and activists, founded the Kurdish Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (Yekiaiti Nishtimani Kurdistan). In 1976, he began organizing an armed campaign for Kurdish independence inside Iraqi Kurdistan. From 1977 onwards, he established the PUK base within Iranian Kurdistan in Nawkhan and another one in Iraqi Kurdistan in Qandil. During the 1980s, Talabani sided with Iran and led a Kurdish struggle from bases inside Iraq until the crackdown against Kurdish separatists from 1987 to 1988. Following the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq in August 1990, he travelled to the United States, in order to offer his services and troops to the United States and raise support for the PUK. But his attempts did not bear the success he expected at the time. In 1991, he helped inspire a renewed effort for Kurdish independence. He negotiated a ceasefire with the Iraqi Ba'athist government that saved the lives of many Kurds and worked closely with the United States, United Kingdom, France and other countries to set up the safe haven in Iraqi Kurdistan. In 1992 the Kurdistan Regional Government was founded. He was also supportive of peace negotiations between the Kurdistan Workers' Party and Turkey, and was also present as Abdullah Öcalan announced the ceasefire of the PKK on the 17 March and prolonged it indefinitely on the 16 April 1993. Talabani pursued a negotiated settlement to the Iraqi Kurdish Civil War, as well as the larger issue of Kurdish rights in the current regional context. He worked closely with other Kurdish politicians as well as the rest of the Iraqi opposition factions. In close coordination with Masoud Barzani, Talabani and the Kurds played a key role as a partner of the U.S. led Coalition in the invasion of Iraq. Talabani was a member of the Iraqi Governing Council which negotiated the Transitional Administrative Law (TAL), Iraq's interim constitution. The TAL governed all politics in Iraq and the process of writing and adopting the final constitution.","Sure, Jalal Talabani was involved in the following key events during the 1970's: * March 1970: Talabani returned to Iraqi Kurdistan and rejoined the Kurdistan Democratic Party * March 1975: Talabani founded the Kurdish Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) * 1976: Talabani orchestrated an armed campaign for Kurdish independence inside Iraqi Kurdistan * 1977: Talabani founded two PUK bases, one in Nawkhan in Iranian Kurdistan and the other in Qandil in Iraqi Kurdistan",information_extraction Describe a plan for a road trip across Northern Italy,,"Begin your trip in Turin, an important centre of Piedmont with a rich cultural history and host of the 2006 Winter Olympics. Next, move to Alba and visit the vineyards, taking day trips to towns such as Barolo and Barbaresco. After this, you can continue moving east to Parma, a great place for the foodie searching for Prosciutto. Close by is Modena, home of the luxury automotive industry in Italy - Ferrari, Lamborghini, De Tomaso, Pagani and Maserati all have had (or still have) headquarters here. Bologna is a fine place to finish your trip",creative_writing Why was revenge of the jedi renamed to return of the jedi?,,George Lucas changed the title as he realized that true Jedi wouldn't seek revenge.,open_qa "Write a press release for a startup called Outcomes.ai about their product ""Luca"" which offers a new SaaS offering for the subscription economy.",,"New AI-augmented analytics platform takes the guesswork and grunt work out of business intelligence with pre-built metrics, models and radically simple user experience. The cloud-based solution empowers leaders of subscription businesses to monitor, diagnose and optimize their business without employing teams of data analysts and data scientists. Forward-looking organizations of all sizes are looking to data for a competitive edge. Advances in data science and the ever expanding sources of data offer the raw ingredients for greater efficiency and insights. Despite heavy investments in modern analytics tooling, businesses continue to find their analysts overwhelmed with an unending backlog of basic reporting needs. Those who successfully manage this backlog are rewarded with an ever expanding repository of dashboards and reports that compete for attention, drowning the data that matters in a sea of noise. Luca is a radical rethink of analytics for subscriptions business that summarizes the entirety of a business into a handful of KPIs that can be monitored, diagnosed and optimized. Built-in ML and simulation models allowing users to drill into concerning areas and project the impact of interventions in a single gesture. Built in collaboration and integration into Slack, Microsoft Teams and the Google productivity suite enables organizations to effectively translate to action. Getting started with Luca is simple. Luca connects the leading CRM and marketing automation platforms to power its models and KPIs. Users will be able to see the analytics Luca provides hours within connecting the system - no analyst, data scientist or report developer required. Organizations can optionally leverage Luca’s open API to connect supplementary data to enhance the model with additional data to strengthen the model. “Like so many others across our market, we’re in the middle of a subscription transformation.” says Melissa Doug, CFO of Intiu. “This is the biggest change we have in our business model in our 30 year history and is forcing us to rethink how we run our business. We are looking to data to guide our decision-making in this new world, but our BI team is already overwhelmed with our backlog of analytic needs for our existing transactional business. Luca has been a revelation. The built-in one-click diagnostics has made it gut-driven decisions inexcusable. I was sold when the system automatically identified that a sharp decrease in our MQLs in the NE region was the reason for our improved pipeline coverage. This is the type of insight that never would have been found with conventional visual analytics tools.”.",creative_writing What are data warehouses design patterns,"Bottom-up design In the bottom-up approach, data marts are first created to provide reporting and analytical capabilities for specific business processes. These data marts can then be integrated to create a comprehensive data warehouse. The data warehouse bus architecture is primarily an implementation of ""the bus"", a collection of conformed dimensions and conformed facts, which are dimensions that are shared (in a specific way) between facts in two or more data marts. Top-down design The top-down approach is designed using a normalized enterprise data model. ""Atomic"" data, that is, data at the greatest level of detail, are stored in the data warehouse. Dimensional data marts containing data needed for specific business processes or specific departments are created from the data warehouse. Hybrid design Data warehouses (DW) often resemble the hub and spokes architecture. Legacy systems feeding the warehouse often include customer relationship management and enterprise resource planning, generating large amounts of data. To consolidate these various data models, and facilitate the extract transform load process, data warehouses often make use of an operational data store, the information from which is parsed into the actual DW. To reduce data redundancy, larger systems often store the data in a normalized way. Data marts for specific reports can then be built on top of the data warehouse. A hybrid DW database is kept on third normal form to eliminate data redundancy. A normal relational database, however, is not efficient for business intelligence reports where dimensional modeling is prevalent. Small data marts can shop for data from the consolidated warehouse and use the filtered, specific data for the fact tables and dimensions required. The DW provides a single source of information from which the data marts can read, providing a wide range of business information. The hybrid architecture allows a DW to be replaced with a master data management repository where operational (not static) information could reside. The data vault modeling components follow hub and spokes architecture. This modeling style is a hybrid design, consisting of the best practices from both third normal form and star schema. The data vault model is not a true third normal form, and breaks some of its rules, but it is a top-down architecture with a bottom up design. The data vault model is geared to be strictly a data warehouse. It is not geared to be end-user accessible, which, when built, still requires the use of a data mart or star schema-based release area for business purposes.",* Bottom-Up approach: Supporting f,information_extraction "Which of these movies are movies Kathryn Hahn starred in and which ones did Catherine Zeta-Jones star in: Afternoon Delight, We're the Millers, Bad Words, This is Where I Leave You, Traffic, Chicago, Intolerably Cruelty, Side Effects, Red 2",,"Kathryn Hahn: Afternoon Delight, We're the Millers, Bad Words, This is Where I Leave You Catherine Zeta-Jones: Traffic, Chicago, Intolerably Cruelty, Side Effects, Red 2",classification Write a creative writing prompt to give to students for an exam about creative non-fiction about nature.,,"The prompt for this exam is to write a minimum of four pages addressing the following prompt: write a passage about the discovery of a fairy grove in the forest while hiking near a small creek, and the flora and fauna you see there.",creative_writing "Tell me whether these schools are Ivy League or not: Princeton, Vanderbilt, Rice, Stanford, Dartmouth, Brown",,"Princeton: Ivy League Vanderbilt: Not Ivy League Rice: Not Ivy League Stanford: Not Ivy League Dartmouth: Ivy League Brown: Ivy League",classification How many cats did Freddie Mercury have?,,Freddie Mercury had ten cats.,open_qa Who wrote the song House of Love,"""House of Love"" is a song by Australian duo Vika and Linda. It was released as the second single from her debut studio album Vika and Linda (1994). It peaked at number 98 in Australia and 32 in New Zealand.",House of Love is a song by Australian duo Vika and Linda. It was released as the second single from her debut studio album Vika and Linda (1994). It peaked at number 98 in Australia and 32 in New Zealand.,closed_qa "Samuel Tilden, Grover Cleveland, Al Gore, and Hillary Clinton share what distinction among U.S. presidential candidates?",,They won the popular vote but lost the electoral college vote,open_qa Give me the details of Ezekiel's Temple,"Features of the temple are described in detail in the book of Ezekiel, in the form of a vision given to the prophet. Physical characteristics of the multi-level wood-panelled structure such as gateways, outer and inner courts, side chambers and vestibules, archways, doors, windows, sanctuary and altar are described. Some furnishings are described. Details of decoration are given, for example cherubim and palm trees carved on the doors and walls. The purposes of the side chambers are given, for example, for robing of the priests, for consumption of the flesh of sacrifices by the priests, and for singers. Dimensions are given based on the cubit.","The biblical book of Ezekiel includes a description of a temple structure, with specific details regarding materials used such as wood, architectural features such as archways and gateways, and interior features such as the inclusion of an altar. Dimensions and decorative details such as natural carvings are also included in the description.",summarization What are the names of the lines on Hong Kong's MTR network?,,"- Island Line - Tsuen Wan Line - Kwun Tong Line - South Island Line - Tseung Kwan O Line - Tung Chung Line & Disneyland Resort Line - East Rail Line - Tuen Ma Line - Airport Express",brainstorming "In my upcoming trip across Europe I'm planning to visit the following countries: Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Greece. Are all of them part of the Schengen area?",,"Most of them are, but not all. Romania and Bulgaria are the two exceptions.",classification "Tell me whether these animals are a canine or a feline: French Bulldog, Siamese Cat, Sharpei",,"The french bulldog is a canine, the Siamese Cat is a feline and the Sharpei is a canine.",classification What's the difference between the weather in California compared to New York,,"The weather in New York has four distinct seasons, spring, summer, fall and winter. During those seasons the temperature can vary from zero degrees in the winter, and up to 100+ degrees in the summer. There is also regular rain in the spring and there can be snow in the winter. The summer can also be quite humid. In most of California the weather is temperate and consistent throughout the year with very little variation. Summer months may be hotter by 10-20 degrees than the colder months but otherwise, the temperature remains relatively the same. There is not much humidity and there is sunshine most days out of the year.",open_qa How can I quickly treat a headache?,,"Occasional headache is something that is more annoying and causes discomfort than concern. To quickly relieve a headache, make sure you are in a well ventilated space, drink a couple glasses of cold water, take some caffeine like coffee or cola, stare at something green like a plant for ten minutes, and close your eyes or lie down for about ten minutes. You can also twist your head left to right, right to left, then stare up, until you get a sigh or a yawn.",open_qa What are the names of some of the cities in the Boston Metro West area?,,"Boston Metro West cities include Newton, Natick, Framingham, Wellesley, Dedham, and Needham, among others.",open_qa what is more soothing - greenery or water bodies,,"There is no one right answer to this. It depends. No ones finds rough ocean or windy tree soothing. Some people like still water bodies especially when big, it gives a sense that despite being enormous (ocean, lakes), there is calmness behind it. Just because you are calm does not mean you are weak. People find still water relaxing. On the other hand, nature with greenery everywhere , like spring season gives a good feeling. Winters are chilly with shedded tree and no colors, whereas when spring starts, you see fresh green leaves everywhere, the temperature improves, nature looks more colorful. This brings in happy feeling to people. The sounds of birds, small water canals, and gentle wind from the trees, brings distraction in a good way for people used to living in cities surrounded by tall buildings, noise and traffic. This is one of the reason why climate change is increasingly becoming a hot topic",creative_writing What is the difference between a research university and a liberal arts college?,,"A research university is an institution that grants graduate doctoral degrees and where the emphasis is on academic research. Liberal arts colleges, while also conducting research (but not so at the doctoral level), has more emphasis on undergraduate instruction and puts its mission more on expanding the development of intellectual curiosity and general knowledge, rather than professional, vocational or technical curriculum.",open_qa "Which of the following are fruits: Tomato, Potato, Strawberry, Dragonfruit, Kiwi, Wheat, Corn, Avocado, Poblano, Carrot, Hamburger",,"The fruits are Tomato, Strawberry, Dragonfruit, Kiwi, Avocado, Poblano. They all contain seeds and can be eaten.",classification Give me a list of best Studio Ghibli Films,,"1. My Neighbour Totoro 2. Princess Mononoke 3. Howl's Moving Castle 4. Spirited Away 5. Kiki's Delivery Service 6. The tale of Princess Kaguya 7. Grave of the Fireflies 8. The Red Turtle 9. Ocean Waves 10. From Up on Poppy Hill",brainstorming What are the big four accounting organizations as per the given passage? List the names in bulleted format.,"KPMG International Limited (or simply KPMG) is a multinational professional services network, and one of the Big Four accounting organizations, along Ernst & Young (EY), Deloitte, and PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC). The name ""KPMG"" stands for ""Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler"". The initialism was chosen when KMG (Klynveld Main Goerdeler) merged with Peat Marwick in 1987. Headquartered in Amstelveen, Netherlands, although incorporated in London, England, KPMG is a network of firms in 145 countries, with over 265,000 employees and has three lines of services: financial audit, tax, and advisory. Its tax and advisory services are further divided into various service groups. Over the past decade various parts of the firm's global network of affiliates have been involved in regulatory actions as well as lawsuits.","KPMG International Limited Ernst & Young Deloitte PricewaterhouseCoopers",information_extraction 7 factors led to nokia failure,,"Nokia total dependency only on hardware Nokia lack of innovation and accept feedback Not accepting Android on time and becoming a part of the ecosystem Rise of the Chinese mobile market as global players Stephen Elop as the CEO who took a series of bad decision It could not read the new trend and pushed its arrogance on customer trust Not incentivising the dealer",brainstorming Give me a bulleted list of all of the Star Wars movies in order by release date.,,"1. Episode IV: A New Hope (1977) 2. Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back (1980) 3. Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (1983) 4. Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999) 5. Episode II: Attack of the Clones (2002) 6. Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005) 7. Episode VII: The Force Awakens (2015)",brainstorming What are the top 10 suggestions for fillings in Mexican street tacos?,,"1. Steak (carne asada) 2. Chicken (pollo) 3. Beef Cheeks (cabeza) 4. Braised Beef (barbacoa) 5. Braised Pork (carnitas) 6. Pork Marinated with Pineapple (al pastor) 7. Shrimp (camaron) 8. Sausage (chorizo) 9. Fish (pescado) 10. Beans (frijoles)",brainstorming "Which of the following are exercise equipment: bicycle, book, dumbbell, treadmill, spoon, television",,"A bicycle, dumbbell, and treadmill are all pieces of exercise equipment. Bicycles can be used to ride around outside or even indoors, they are a great way to improve your cardio health. Dumbbells are often used at a gym but can be used at home, they help to improve muscle mass through strength training. A treadmill is a great way to improve work on your cardio health by allowing you to run inside. A book is not a piece of exercise equipment as it does not require much physical effort to engage with. A spoon will help you in eating meals, but does little to improve your cardio health or strength. A television, or TV, can be watched while exercising, but cannot be exercised with.",classification "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Kent Nelson, Doctor Strange",,"Kent Nelson is DC, Doctor Strange is Marvel",classification Provide instructions on making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich,,"Making the perfect peanut butter and jelly sandwich is part art and part science. One must must be judicious in the quantity of ingredients while ensuring proper coverage to ensure each bite is equal to the one before and after it. Here, both measurement and distribution of ingredients serves as the scientific aspect of constructing your delicious and timeless lunchtime meal. Jars of peanut utter suggest a serving size as 2 tablespoons, which, when applied to the critical soft white bread, may prove too much to hold and cause soak through or tearing of the bread. We think 1.5 tablespoons is the proper amount to ensure there is coverage of the bread slice to the crust without compromising the integrity of the bread. Jelly application is even more precarious, as it holds more fluid and can soak through the bread quicker; equally, jelly has a tendency to congeal. To ensure proper application, heat the jar of jelly closer to room temperature if refrigerated, then apply using a clean butter knife or small spatula. Again, one must ensure it reaches to the crust and is evenly distributed. Once you have complete coverage of peanut butter on one slice and jelly on the other, place the peanut butter side of the first slice on top of the upward-facing jelly slice. This ensure none of the jelly slips or drips. Once together, gently compress the sandwich. Slice delicately from one corner to the opposite corner. Gently press the crust edge of each triangle, and plate for serving.",creative_writing What are popular young adult books?,,"Young adult novels typically tell a coming to age story with a main character in their teens or early adulthood. From 2000-2015, common books for young adults are Harry Potter, Divergent, and The Hunger Games. Since them, young adult novels are more often showing themes of diversity, inclusion, and overcoming adversity and less focused on action-based storytelling. A popular graphic novel series, Heartstopper, is a good example of a popular book focused on DEI. This eventually turned into a high-profile television show on Netflix.",open_qa Given this paragraph are Beavers the largest living rodents?,"Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two existing species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras, weighing up to 30 kilograms (66 lb). Beavers have stout bodies with large heads, long chisel-like incisors, brown or gray fur, hand-like front feet, webbed back feet, and tails that are flat and scaly. The two species differ in skull and tail shape and fur color. Beavers can be found in a number of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. They are herbivorous, consuming tree bark, aquatic plants, grasses and sedges.","No, Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, second to Capybaras.",closed_qa What is the current and future state of the economy of Africa?,"The economy of Africa consists of the trade, industry, agriculture, and human resources of the continent. As of 2019, approximately 1.3 billion people were living in 54 countries in Africa. Africa is a resource-rich continent. Recent growth has been due to growth in sales, commodities, services, and manufacturing. West Africa, East Africa, Central Africa and Southern Africa in particular, are expected to reach a combined GDP of $29 trillion by 2050.","In March 2013, Africa was identified as the world's poorest inhabited continent; however, the World Bank expects that most African countries will reach ""middle income"" status (defined as at least US$1,025 per person a year) by 2025 if current growth rates continue. There are a number of reasons for Africa's poor economy: historically, even though Africa had a number of empires trading with many parts of the world, many people lived in rural societies; in addition, European colonization and the later Cold War created political, economic and social instability. However, as of 2013 Africa was the world's fastest-growing continent at 5.6% a year, and GDP is expected to rise by an average of over 6% a year between 2013 and 2023. In 2017, the African Development Bank reported Africa to be the world's second-fastest growing economy, and estimates that average growth will rebound to 3.4% in 2017, while growth is expected to increase by 4.3% in 2018. Growth has been present throughout the continent, with over one-third of African countries posting 6% or higher growth rates, and another 40% growing between 4% to 6% per year. Several international business observers have also named Africa as the future economic growth engine of the world.",information_extraction What are the best places to visit in France?,,"France as a country has to offer an immense choice of travel and experience. Paris is certainly the city for those who like art, culture, and history. Its rich palaces, forts, and museums are evidence of France's culture & glorious history. For those who prefer a sunny day at a sun-kissed Mediterranean beach, the cities of Nice, Cannes, and Saint-Tropez are recommended. Anywhere you go in France, don't forget to taste its gourmet cheese and magnificent wine. And this goes without saying, the Eiffel Tower at night is absolutely gorgeous.",open_qa "Classify each of the following teams as college or professional: Florida Gators, Miami Marlins, Miami Hurricanes, Jacksonville Jaguars, Georgia Bulldogs, Atlanta Braves, Tampa Rays",,"Florida Gators: College Miami Marlins: Professional Miami Hurricanes: College Jacksonville Jaguars: Professional Georgia Bulldogs: College Atlanta Braves: Professional Tampa Rays: Professional",classification Who was Loku Nilame Adikaram Ratwatte,,Loku Nilame Adikaram Ratwatte ( - 1827) (known as Ratwatte Nilame) was a courtier of the Kingdom of Kandy. He was the 2nd Adigar (Adigaram) from 1825 to 1827 during the British rule. He was one of the signatories of the Kandyan Convention which made the Kandyan Kingdom part of the British Empire.,open_qa "In the comic book series Calvin and Hobbes, who are Calvin and Hobbes named after?",,Author Bill Watterson named Calvin after French theologian John Calvin and Hobbes after English philosopher Thomas Hobbes.,open_qa "Is the saying ""An Apple a Day Keeos the Doctor Away"" Factually correct?",,The above saying is factually incorrect. Just apple in itself although healthy might just not be sufficient. Although it is highly recommended to incorporate at least 1 cup of fruit in your daily meal.,open_qa How long was the Nazi German battleship Bismarck active during WWII?,"In the course of the warship's eight-month career, Bismarck conducted only one offensive operation that lasted 8 days in May 1941, codenamed Rheinübung. The ship, along with the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen, was to break into the Atlantic Ocean and raid Allied shipping from North America to Great Britain. The two ships were detected several times off Scandinavia, and British naval units were deployed to block their route. At the Battle of the Denmark Strait, the battlecruiser HMS Hood initially engaged Prinz Eugen, probably by mistake, while HMS Prince of Wales engaged Bismarck. In the ensuing battle Hood was destroyed by the combined fire of Bismarck and Prinz Eugen, which then damaged Prince of Wales and forced her retreat. Bismarck suffered sufficient damage from three hits by Prince of Wales to force an end to the raiding mission.","The Bismarck was active for only 8 months of World WarII. The Bismarck and an accompanying heavy crusier, the Prinz Eugen engaged with two British battlecruisers, the Hood and the Prince of Wales off the Denmark Strait in May 1941. During the engagement, the Hood was destroyed but the Bismarck suffered damage from fire from the Price of Wales that forced the Nazi battleship to effectively end its operations.",closed_qa Classify each of the Pokémon characters into different types.,,"Normal, Fire, Water, Grass, Electric, Ice, Fighting, Poison, Ground, Flying, Psychic, Bug, Rock, Ghost, Dark, Dragon, Steel, Fairy.",classification "Which of these titles are by Nicola Yoon and which are by Angie Thomas: Everything, Everything, The Sun is Also a Star, Blackout, Instructions for Dancing, The Hate U Give, On the Come Up, Concrete Rose",,"Titles by Nicola Yoon: Everything, Everything, The Sun is Also a Star, Blackout, Instructions for Dancing Titles by Angie Thomas: The Hate U Give, On the Come Up, Concrete Rose",classification "Classify each of the following as a eukaryote or prokaryote: E. Coli, worm, grouper, algae, salmonella, porcupine",,"E. Coli: Prokaryote Worm: Eukaryote Grouper: Eukaryote Algae: Eukaryote Salmonella: Prokaryote Porcupine: Eukaryote",classification What was the world’s first high level programming language 1957,,IBM FORTRAN,open_qa Who was Kyle Van Zyl playing against when he scored 36 of hisa teams 61 points?,"Van Zyl joined the Eastern Province Kings Academy, where he played for the Eastern Province U19 side in the 2010 Under-19 Provincial Championship. He was a key player for the Eastern Province U21 side in the 2012 Under-21 Provincial Championship, scoring 71 points in eight appearances. Van Zyl was under the Top SARU Performers, scoring the most tries at 6 in the 2012 Provincial Under 21 in the Rugby Junior Provincials. This included a record and a remarkable personal haul in their opening match, when he scored 36 of his team's points in a 61–3 victory over Boland U21, consisting of four tries and eight conversions and was awarded Man of the Match.","Kyle Van Zyl was playing against Boland U21 when he scored 36 points, leading his team to victory in a 61-3 win.",closed_qa Should we continue to use Daylight savings?,,"While it is hard for our bodies to adjust to and oftentimes inconvenient, daylight savings time should be maintained in the USA as it saves energy, money, and lives. Daylight savings, though sometimes disrupting, helps to limit the energy wasted by Americans during the summer months. Source A reveals that, beginning in the USA in 1918, daylight saving time was originally a way to reduce energy usage during World War I. While it was repealed shortly thereafter, daylight savings was again suggested by President Roosevelt during World War II. Though inconvenient, Americans did take notice of the benefits: saving money on energy. The continued testing of daylight savings’ effects on Americans lasted through the 20th century and was written into law in 2005. Despite the skepticism from Americans over the potential drawbacks of daylight saving, the reaped benefits of saved energy and money mutually benefited the American government, economy, and citizens, all of which are still benefitting today. The ability to save unnecessary energy now benefit’s the American economy in the long run. In Source B, Longley cites a 1970s study by the U.S. Department of Transportation, which revealed that while daylight savings is in effect, America's electricity consumption is reduced by about one percent. Reducing one percent of America’s energy consumption would save Americans money. Also in Source B is the proposal for a provision to the Energy Policy Act of 2005, which would extend daylight savings an extra month and would allow oil drilling in Alaska, both of which would boost the American economy. The extension of daylight savings would overall save more money than it would spend. Despite the beneficial economic aspects of daylight saving, many dislike the time change because it affects their body schedules and daily routines. Source E claims that when the clock is moved forward or back, the body’s internal clock cannot adjust so quickly, leading to restlessness, sleep disruption, and shorter sleeping periods. The time change has also been found to link with increased heart attacks, suicides, and accidents. While the body’s internal clock may take a longer time to adjust to daylight savings time, it doesn’t outweigh the economic benefits the USA gains as a whole. Source E cites a study of 55,000 people whose sleep schedules were tracked after the time change, claiming that the subjects tended to sleep on standard time rather than daylight time, not taking into account the potential variables of age, weekend events or activities, or even the body’s natural reaction to wake up at a certain time. The study also reveals no harmful effects of the difference between sleeping on standard versus daylight savings time. While Source E argued that daylight savings time had more dangerous effects on people than remaining on standard time, daylight savings time can actually benefit people’s safety. In Source C, a cited study by the U.S. Department of Transportation found that during daylight saving time, there was a severe reduction in crime by ten to thirteen percent. By changing the clocks and altering the amount of sunlight during the day, people were generally less likely to become involved in any street crime taking place. The Department of Transportation also found that daylight savings time helped to increase traffic safety, as the clocks were altered to match the periods of daylight, causing fewer accidents. Daylight savings overall led to safer daily activities, while still saving money and energy. Daylight savings has been long disputed over: should we inconvenience ourselves just to save a little energy? Despite many people’s dislike of the changing times, daylight savings is generally beneficial to America, as it saves energy, reduces energy costs and bills for Americans, and creates a safer environment for people to live in. Daylight savings time should be continued as it ultimately benefits the American public as a whole.",creative_writing How do sailplanes (gliders) stay aloft?,,"Gliders are usually towed to altitude by a motorized airplane and then use rising air from natural weather phenomenas such as thermals, mountain lee waves or ridge lift to stay aloft.",open_qa Provide a list of superpower you wish you had,,"1. Fly 2. Hold breath forever 3. Read minds 4. Infinite strength 5. Time Travel 6. Invisibility 7. Future Telling",brainstorming "List of all the factions that Lincoln had to deal with, and if they were his allies or enemies.","Lincoln, a moderate Republican, had to navigate a contentious array of factions with friends and opponents from both the Democratic and Republican parties. His allies, the War Democrats and the Radical Republicans, demanded harsh treatment of the Southern Confederates. Anti-war Democrats (called ""Copperheads"") despised Lincoln, and irreconcilable pro-Confederate elements plotted his assassination.","Lincoln's allies were the War Democrats and the Radical Republicans. Lincoln's enemies were the Southern Confederates, Anti-war Democrats and pro-Confederate groups",information_extraction Who is the best soccer player of all time?,,"Pele is the biggest player of all time, he won three World Cup and he's the only player that has this achievement. In his career, he scored more than 1.280 goals in his career and won more than 60 championships playing with Santos Futebol Clube (Brazil), Cosmos (USA) and the Brazilian team.",classification Where was Atlassian founded?,"Atlassian Corporation (/ətˈlæsiən/) is an Australian software company that develops products for software developers, project managers and other software development teams. The company is domiciled in Delaware, with global headquarters in Sydney, Australia, and US headquarters in San Francisco.","Atlassian Corporation was founded in Australia, but is domeciled in Delaware, with global headquarters in Sydney, Australia, and US headquarters in San Francisco.",closed_qa What is the best way to wake up fresh in the morning?,,"1. Sleep on time at night. Those who sleep at the same time daily tend to wake up fresher 2. Have a ton of water as soon as you wake up 3. Do a little yoga stretch first thing in the morning to relax your body 4. Wake up at the same time everyday.",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Teponaztli, Tricordia",,"Tricordia is string, Teponaztli is percussion.",classification What is Heineken Evergreen?,,Evergreen is the company strategy of Heineken. The goal of Evergreen is to future proof the business and adapt to external dynamics.,open_qa "Categorize each of the following as either 'spicy', 'not spicy' or 'sometimes spicy': jalapenos, chilis, sriracha, chips, pizza, cocktails, fruit, milk",,"Jalapenos are spicy. Chilis are spicy. Sriracha is spicy. Chips are sometimes spicy. Pizza is sometimes spicy. Cocktails are sometimes spicy. Fruit is not spicy. MIlk is not spicy.",classification "Which of these cities in the United States of America are the capital of their state: Albany, Albuquerque, Anchorage, Ann Arbor, Annapolis?",,"Albany is the capital of New York and Annapolis is the capital of Maryland. The other cities are not the capitals of their state: Albuquerque is a city in New Mexico but is not the capital, Anchorage is a city in Alaska but is not the capital, and Ann Arbor is a city in Michigan but is not the capital.",classification What are some of the best movies for kids?,,"Some movies that most children will enjoy include Disney Movies like Bambi, The Jungle Book and Peter Pan, Pixar movies like Toy Story, Cars and the Incredibles and Studio Ghibli movies like Spirited Away, My Neighbor Totoro and Ponyo.",brainstorming Give me a list of the best Dave Matthews Band songs of all time?,,"Although many casual fans would consider commercially successful songs like 'Crash into Me,' 'So Much to Say' and 'Too Much' to be the best Dave Matthews Band songs, most hardcore fans look to DMB's extensive catalog of live performances from the 1990s and early 2000s. Specifically, most dedicated fans of the band love a lot of the following: 'Lie in our Graves,' 'Ants Marching,' 'the Stone,' 'The Best of What's Around,' 'Bartender,' '#41,' 'Dancing Nancies,' 'Seek Up,' 'Warehouse,' 'Trippin' Billies,' 'Lover Lay Down,' 'You Never Know' and 'Pig.'",brainstorming Give me a list of things to ask while triaging a support ticket,,"1) Is this issue being observed in your production or non production environment 2) If its in production since how long it has been in production 3) Are you aware of any changes done by you or your team recently that could have contributed to this failure. Like upgrades of software and libraries. Or changes in infrastructure. Changes in user interaction 4) If the response to question #3 is no, please request for verification 5) Understand if this is impacting single user, multiple users or all users. Along the same lines understand if this is impacting just one use case, multiple use cases or all use cases 6) Understand the precise symptom of the issue 7) Understand the business impact. As in financial impact or delivery (SLA) impact from this issue. 8) Understand if there is interest in workarounds to get unblocked. Or they seek full RCA with a proper fix.",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kenong, Zeze",,"Zeze is string, Kenong is percussion.",classification What is reserve requirement?,,"Reserve requirements are central bank regulations that set the minimum amount that a commercial bank must hold in liquid assets. This minimum amount, commonly referred to as the commercial bank's reserve, is generally determined by the central bank on the basis of a specified proportion of deposit liabilities of the bank. This rate is commonly referred to as the reserve ratio. Though the definitions vary, the commercial bank's reserves normally consist of cash held by the bank and stored physically in the bank vault (vault cash), plus the amount of the bank's balance in that bank's account with the central bank. A bank is at liberty to hold in reserve sums above this minimum requirement, commonly referred to as excess reserves. The reserve ratio is sometimes used by a country’s monetary authority as a tool in monetary policy, to influence the country's money supply by limiting or expanding the amount of lending by the banks. Monetary authorities increase the reserve requirement only after careful consideration because an abrupt change may cause liquidity problems for banks with low excess reserves; they generally prefer to use open market operations (buying and selling government-issued bonds) to implement their monetary policy. In the United States and many other countries (except Brazil, China, India, Russia), reserve requirements are generally not altered frequently in implementing a country's monetary policy because of the short-term disruptive effect on financial markets.",open_qa What's the relationship of Chinese and Japanese,,Japanese originated from Chinese. They share some of the same Chinese characters.,open_qa What are the differences between the New York Giants and New York Jets?,,"The New York Giants and New York Jets are both professional football teams in the NFL who play in the New York Metropolitan area. Both teams play in MetLife stadium which used to be called Giants stadium in East Rutherford, NJ. Their fan bases live in New Jersey and New York primarily. The Jets primary color is Green, while the Giants are blue.",open_qa "We are going to the zoo and need you to tell us which animals belong in which section. The animals are alligator, bald eagle, elephant, hippopotamus, camel, frog, penguin, and zebra. The sections are amphibians, birds, mammals, and reptiles.",,The alligator is a reptile. The Bald Eagle and Penguin are birds. Camel and elephant are mammals. The frog is an amphibian.,classification "Write a paragraph about the word ""woman"".",,"The word ""woman"" is a gender construct to be contrasted with the word ""man"". This word has come under recent scrutiny due to the increasing significance of the LGBTQIA+ community and their aims to be seen, expressed, or acknowledged within their communities. Traditionally, the word referred to an ""adult human female"". This definition has come under scrutiny for being unreasonably restrictive. Another common definition is ""a woman is a person who feels like a woman"". This definition has come under scrutiny for being circular.",creative_writing "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Megalania, Sea Turtle",,"Sea Turtle is alive, Megalania is extinct.",classification Why should you get out of your comfort zone?,,"Being uncomfortable becomes easier when you realize that’s literally the point. It’s like working out. If you work out & it becomes easy for you, you already got all you could out of that workout. Your body adjusted & is strong enough to handle it now. You’re not improving anymore. That’s why you up the ante with harder workouts, where you’re uncomfortable & not quite strong enough yet. Because eventually you will be strong enough. But if it’s not a challenge, there’s no gain and that’s exactly how it is with situations out of your comfort zone. The more you put yourself in them, the easier they get—but that in-between phase where you’re struggling is still completely valid, ok and natural. It’s what’s supposed to happen and it’s what’s going to change you as a person. And you should keep doing it",creative_writing Please give me a short bulleted list of what happened in the 2023 Covenant School shooting incident,"On March 27, 2023, a mass shooting occurred at The Covenant School, a private Presbyterian Church in America parochial school in the Green Hills neighborhood of Nashville, Tennessee. Local resident and former student of the school Aiden Hale (formerly Audrey Elizabeth Hale) killed three children and three adults. Hale, 28, was killed by two Metropolitan Nashville Police Department officers responding to the incident. Hale was initially reported to be a woman and referred to by his birth name by police. Later, it was confirmed that Hale was a trans man who went by the name Aiden and used he/him pronouns. Hale drove a Honda Fit to the school, arriving at 9:54 a.m. CDT and parking it in the lot. At 9:57, Hale sent an Instagram message to an old friend saying an earlier post he made was ""basically a suicide note"" and that he planned to die that day. His friend called a crisis hotline before contacting the Davidson County Sheriff's Office at 10:13. At 10:11, Hale shot through a set of glass side doors and entered the building. He was armed with two rifles and a pistol. At 10:13, police received a call about an active shooter. He walked across the second floor of the school before opening fire. He fired into several classrooms; no one in the classrooms was injured because the teachers had fortified doors and sheltered the students. The police first arrived at the school at 10:24. A teacher told an officer that the students were in lockdown and two were missing. Officers entered the building at 10:25 and they searched each room for Hale. They heard gunshots coming from the second floor. Five Metro Nashville police officers went upstairs and saw him in a lobby area, firing through a window at arriving police vehicles. Two of the officers fired four times each killing him at 10:27, 14 minutes after the initial 911 call was made","Hale, 28, a former student killed three children and three adults as part of a mass shooting that occurred at The Covenant School, a private Presbyterian Church in America parochial school in the Green Hills neighborhood of Nashville, Tennessee.",summarization Give me a list of the best bravo tv shows,,"Real housewives of Beverly Hills, vanderpump rules, southern charm, real housewives of Orange County, real housewives of New York, summer house, winter house",brainstorming "Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Eritrea or Poland. Warsaw, Łódź, Assab, Keren, Kraków, Asmara",,"Eritrea - Asmara, Keren, Assab Poland - Warsaw, Kraków, Łódź",classification "Think up a new seasoning blend that will be as popular as ""everything but the bagel"" seasoning.",,A new popular seasoning could be a sour cream and onion seasoning reminiscent of the popular chip flavor. You can sprinkle it on a myriad of items for a delicious savory boost.,brainstorming "Given this paragraph, which was built first Disneyland or Disney World?","Designed to supplement Disneyland in Anaheim, California, which had opened in 1955, the complex was developed by Walt Disney in the 1960s. ""The Florida Project"", as it was known, was intended to present a distinct vision with its own diverse set of attractions. Walt Disney's original plans also called for the inclusion of an ""Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow"" (EPCOT), a planned community intended to serve as a testbed for new city-living innovations. Walt Disney died on December 15, 1966, during the initial planning of the complex. After his death, the company wrestled with the idea of whether to bring the Disney World project to fruition; however, Walt's older brother, Roy O. Disney, came out of retirement to make sure Walt's biggest dream was realized. Construction started in 1967, with the company instead building a resort similar to Disneyland, abandoning the experimental concepts for a planned community. The Magic Kingdom was the first theme park to open in the complex, in 1971, followed by Epcot (1982), Disney's Hollywood Studios (1989), and Disney's Animal Kingdom (1998). It was Roy who insisted the name of the entire complex be changed from Disney World to Walt Disney World, ensuring that people would remember that the project was Walt's dream.","According to this text, Disneyland was built first in 1955, with Disney World construction starting later in 1967 and first opening in 1971.",closed_qa What does Neolithic mean?,,"""Neolithic"" comes from the Greek word for ""new stone,"" and it started about 10,000 years after the Upper Paleolithic. During the Neolithic, people learned how to farm. Animals that were tamed and kept as pets also gave rise to livestock. In the later stages of the Neolithic, copper, bronze, and finally iron were used to make tools. This is what is known as the ""Iron Age.""",open_qa "Tell me whether these people are comedians or athletes: Chris Rock, Kevin Hart, Tom Segura, Joe Rogan, John Rahm, Zach Ertz, Kyler Murray",,"Chris Rock: Comedian Kevin Hart: Comedian Tom Segura: Comedian Joe Rogan: Comedian John Rahm: Athlete Zach Ertz: Athlete Kyler Murray: Athlete",classification How did Draymond Green's minutes increase over time?,"Green was selected with the 35th overall pick in the 2012 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors. On July 30, 2012, he signed a three-year, $2.6 million contract with the Warriors. In his NBA debut in the Warriors' season opener on October 31 against the Phoenix Suns, Green played one minute, made one defensive rebound, and committed one foul. Green gradually received more playing time in subsequent games, especially in the wake of injuries to Brandon Rush and Richard Jefferson. After getting only marginal floor time at the beginning of the season, by November 22, Green was playing 15–20 minutes per game, and by December 9, as Green gained a bigger role on the team, the Warriors had won 8 of 10 games. On December 12, Green made the winning layup with 0.9 seconds left in the Warriors' 97–95 win over the defending champion Miami Heat.","In his NBA debut in the Warriors' season opener on October 31, 2012, against the Phoenix Suns, Green played one minute. Green gradually received more playing time in subsequent games, especially in the wake of injuries to Brandon Rush and Richard Jefferson. After getting only marginal floor time at the beginning of the season, by November 22, 2012, Green was playing 15–20 minutes per game. It is not clear how Green's minutes increased over time beyond November 22, 2012 based on the provided text.",closed_qa Why do people like to play Path of Exile?,,"Path of Exile is a complex, action role playing game. While many RPGs contain limited options, Path of Exile offers significant customization and choices to the player. Many people criticize Path of Exile for being too complex--more akin to a spreadsheet than a game--especially when compared to other action RGPs like Diablo.",open_qa "Classify each of the following as a bone or muscle: pectoral, bicep, femur, tibia, tricep, calf, skull",,"Pectoral: Muscle Bicep: Muscle Femur: Bone Tibia: Bone Tricep: Muscle Calf: Muscle Skull: Bone",classification what are some things you can do on a snowy day,,"- skip school - make a snowman - make a snow angel - make a snow castle - have a snow ball fight - shovel snow - use a snow blower - go sledding - go cross country skiing - slip and fall",brainstorming Write a short blog post about why you have chosen to delete your instagram account and why you think that instagram has an negative impact on society.,,"Hi friends, long time no talk! Today, I want to tell you all about why I decided to delete my instagram account. This is a decision I had been thinking about for a long time, and ultimately I decided it just made sense to get rid of the account. However, I didn't want to do this without sharing with you all why I made this decision, because I think it is important to explain. I've had an instagram account for years, but often felt as though I would get sucked into a scroll spiral (we've all been there, let's be real) where I would just sit on my phone for hours. I had already put in place screen time limits, but I felt like I wasn't really getting a lot out of the app. However, what ultimately made me decide to go full send and delete my account was reading about how social media causes low self esteem, and how it could be causing many of the mental health issues we are seeing with young people right now. After reading about this, I decided enough was enough, and I finally deleted my account. I would encourage you all to do the same - don't worry, I'm not giving up this blog, so you'll still be able to check in on what I'm up to. Let me know in the comments what you guys think, and talk next week!",creative_writing "Classify each of the following dishes as either 'Indian', 'Italian', 'Latin American', 'African' or 'Neither' based on their cuisine. Biriyani, Pasta, Dosa, Risotto, Burger, Lasagne, Tajine, Empanadas, Tacos",,"Here is are the dishes classified based on their cuisine. Biriyani, Dosa - Indian Pasta, Risotto, Lasagne - Italian Tajine - African Empanadas, Tacos - Latin American Burger - Neither",classification "Classify the following elements as metal or noble gas: Argon, Iron, Copper, Krypton, Neon, Silver, Thorium, Radon, Helium, Xenon, Erbium, Tin, Protactinium",,"Argon - Noble Gas Iron - Metal Copper - Metal Krypton - Noble Gas Neon - Noble Gas Silver - Metal Thorium - Metal Radon - Noble Gas Helium - Noble Gas Xenon - Noble Gas Erbium - Metal Tin - Metal Protactinium - Metal",classification Which are main characters in Harry potter,,"Harry Potter Hermoine Gringer Ron Wesley Lord Voldemort Albus Dumbeldore Remus Lupin Luna Lovegood ginny wesley Draco Malfoy Hagrid Snape Lilly james Dursleys",brainstorming "are the following musical instruments or not? typewriter computer guitar violin flute bedsheets bat ball piano harmonium tabla blinds",,"musical instruments: guitar, violin, flute, piano, harmonium, tabla not musical instruments: typewriter, computer, bedsheets, bat, ball, blinds",classification "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Chapey, Cromorne",,"Chapey is string, Cromorne is woodwind.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Carimbo, Gusle",,"Carimbo is percussion, Gusle is string.",classification "Classify each of the following as a baseball or soccer term: pitcher, goalie, inning, goal, yellow card, red card, home run, catcher",,"Pitcher: Baseball Goalie: Soccer Inning: Baseball Goal: Soccer Yellow Card: Soccer Red Card: Soccer Home Run: Baseball Catcher: Baseball",classification "Tell me whether these London tourist attractions are free or paid: The National Gallery, The London Eye, Royal Academy of Arts', Tower of London, St. Dunstan in the East",,"The National Gallery - free The London Eye - paid Royal Academy of Arts' - free Tower of London - paid St. Dunstan in the East - free Victoria and Albert Museum - free Science Gallery London - free Barbican Conservatory - free Madame Tussauds London - paid Harry Potter Studios - paid London Zoo - paid",classification "Which of the following are fruits and which are vegetables, from this list: Tomatoes, Carrots, Onions, Broccoli, Mushrooms, Cauliflower, Cabbage, Chives, Grapes, Sausages?",,"Most authorities place Tomatoes, and Grapes in the fruit category, while Carrots, Onions, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Cabbage and Chives are definitely in the vegetables category. And be aware of the trick item on the list: Sausages belong in neither category? That is a type of meat. And as for Mushrooms, they are actually a fungi but most frequently categorised in the ""vegetables"" section.",classification iPhone 14 pro vs Samsung s22 ultra,,"Large OLED screens on both with 1-120Hz dynamic refresh rate iPhone has Face ID, Galaxy uses a fingerprint scanner Dynamic Island on iPhone is unique Galaxy has S Pen Similar main three cameras, but Galaxy also has a unique 10X zoom lens Galaxy has faster charging Similar prices iPhone battery lasts longer",classification "Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Maybach, Panoz",,"Panoz is American, Maybach is German",classification "Given that the current year is 2023, how old is Chevron?","Chevron traces its history back to the 1870s. The company grew quickly after the breakup of Standard Oil by acquiring companies and partnering with others, eventually becoming one of the Seven Sisters that dominated the global petroleum industry from the mid-1940s to the 1970s. In 1985, Socal merged with the Pittsburgh-based Gulf Oil and rebranded as Chevron; the newly merged company later merged with Texaco in 2001. Today, Chevron manufactures and sells fuels, lubricants, additives, and petrochemicals, primarily in Western North America, the U.S. Gulf Coast, Southeast Asia, South Korea and Australia. In 2018, the company produced an average of 791,000 barrels of net oil-equivalent per day in United States.","Because the current year is 2023 and Chevron traces its history back to the 1870s, Chevron is roughly between 143 and 153 years old.",closed_qa When was the Tesla Factory in Fremont purchased by Tesla?,,In May 2010,open_qa "From the text below, list the years that the White House Chief of Staff was removed from the United States Cabinet. Separate them with a comma.","Positions intermittently elevated to Cabinet-rank Ambassador to the United Nations (1953–1989, 1993–2001, 2009–2018, 2021–present) Director of the Office of Management and Budget (1953–1961, 1969–present) White House Chief of Staff (1953–1961, 1974–1977, 1993–present) Counselor to the President (1969–1977, 1981–1985, 1992–1993): A title used by high-ranking political advisers to the president of the United States and senior members of the Executive Office of the President since the Nixon administration. Incumbents with Cabinet rank included Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Donald Rumsfeld and Anne Armstrong. White House Counsel (1974–1977) United States Trade Representative (1975–present) Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers (1977–1981, 1993–2001, 2009–2017, 2021–present) National Security Advisor (1977–1981) Director of Central Intelligence (1981–1989, 1995–2001) Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (1993–present) Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy (1993–2009) Administrator of the Small Business Administration (1994–2001, 2012–present) Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (1996–2001): Created as an independent agency in 1979, raised to Cabinet rank in 1996, and dropped from Cabinet rank in 2001. Director of National Intelligence (2017–present) Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (2017–2021) Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (2021–present)","1961, 1977",information_extraction Who is the best soccer player in the world?,,"There are many ways to determine who the best soccer player is at the current time. Some would say that the Ballon d'Or award does that job for us, labeling the best player in the game at the current time. At this juncture, that is Karim Benzema of Real Madrid, who won the 2021/22 award after leading Los Blancos to the La Liga and Champions League double. Others would say that the highest-paid player is the best. That would be Kylian Mbappe whose new PSG contract could see the French side shell out an eye-watering €630 million over the course of his new three-year contract he signed in the summer of 2022. Mbappe is thought to be the best young player in the game now, gracing the cover of the popular FIFA video game for the last two years. Still more could argue that the player with the most goals scored would be the best player. That would make Cristiano Ronaldo the top player in the world, with his all-time record of more than 800 goals for club and country. Right behind him is his rival Lionel Messi, who also has collected far more assists than his Portuguese counterpart. Young striker Erling Haaland may have something to say about that, however, as his incredible start to the Premier League season has seen him on pace to shatter the league's single-season goalscoring record. However, that seems to discount those who play other positions, like 2018 Ballon d'Or winner Luka Modric, whose midfield brilliance led Croatia to the last World Cup final, or 2022 Yashin trophy winner Thibaut Courtois, whose goalkeeping heroics earned him Man of the Match in the 2022 Champions League final.",open_qa "Tell me whether these golfers are American, Canadian, or neither: Mike Weir, Corey Conners, Max Homa, Tiger Woods, Justin Thomas, Viktor Hovland",,"Mike Weir: Canadian Corey Conners: Canadian Max Homa: American Tiger Woods: American Justin Thomas: American Viktor Hovland: Neither",classification "Classify the below substances based on their natural physical state. Water, Mercury, Copper, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Wood",,"Solid - Copper, Wood Liquid - Water, Mercury Gas - Oxygen, Nitrogen",classification What is TESSA?,,"This stands for Tax Exempt Special Savings Account. It is a special savings account with banks, building societies and so on and the interest is free of tax if you keep to any rules about withdrawals.",open_qa "Tell me whether these are animals or apache projects or both: Kudu, Impala, Alligator, Ant, Camel, Flink, Spark, Flume, Tomcat, Dog, Elephant",,"Animals: Alligator, Dog, Elephant Apache Projects: Flink, Spark, Flume Both animals and Apache projects: Kudu, Impala, Ant, Camel, Tomcat",classification "Provide a bullet point list of all primary matter phase transitions, with the name of the process following by the matter states involved Use the format: {process name}: {initial state} -> {final state}",,"- melting: solid -> liquid - sublimation: solid -> gas - freezing: liquid -> solid - vaporization: liquid -> gas - ionization: gas -> plasma - condensation: gas -> liquid - deposition: gas -> solid - deionization: plasma -> gas",open_qa Extract the different kinds of leavening agents mentioned in this passage. Separate them with a comma.,"In the Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, Michael Gaenzle writes: ""One of the oldest sourdough breads dates from 3700 BCE and was excavated in Switzerland, but the origin of sourdough fermentation likely relates to the origin of agriculture in the Fertile Crescent and Egypt several thousand years earlier"", which was confirmed a few years later by archeological evidence. ... ""Bread production relied on the use of sourdough as a leavening agent for most of human history; the use of baker's yeast as a leavening agent dates back less than 150 years."" Sourdough remained the usual form of leavening down into the European Middle Ages until being replaced by barm from the beer brewing process, and after 1871 by purpose-cultured yeast. Bread made from 100% rye flour, popular in the northern half of Europe, is usually leavened with sourdough. Baker's yeast is not useful as a leavening agent for rye bread, as rye does not contain enough gluten. The structure of rye bread is based primarily on the starch in the flour as well as other carbohydrates known as pentosans; however, rye amylase is active at substantially higher temperatures than wheat amylase, causing the structure of the bread to disintegrate as the starches are broken down during baking. The lowered pH of a sourdough starter, therefore, inactivates the amylases when heat cannot, allowing the carbohydrates in the bread to gel and set properly. In the southern part of Europe, where panettone is still made with sourdough as leavening, sourdough has become less common in the 20th century; it has been replaced by the faster-growing baker's yeast, sometimes supplemented with longer fermentation rests to allow for some bacterial activity to build flavor. Sourdough fermentation re-emerged as a major fermentation process in bread production during the 2010s, although it is commonly used in conjunction with baker's yeast as leavening agent. French bakers brought sourdough techniques to Northern California during the California Gold Rush, and it remains a part of the culture of San Francisco today. (The nickname remains in ""Sourdough Sam"", the mascot of the San Francisco 49ers.) Sourdough has long been associated with the 1849 gold prospectors, though they were more likely to make bread with commercial yeast or baking soda. The ""celebrated"" San Francisco sourdough is a white bread characterized by a pronounced sourness, and indeed the strain of Lactobacillus in sourdough starters is named Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis (previously Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis), alongside the sourdough yeast Kasachstania humilis (previously Candida milleri) found in the same cultures. The sourdough tradition was carried into Department of Alaska in the United States and the Yukon territory in Canada during the Klondike Gold Rush of 1898. Conventional leavenings such as yeast and baking soda were much less reliable in the conditions faced by the prospectors. Experienced miners and other settlers frequently carried a pouch of starter either around their neck or on a belt; these were fiercely guarded to keep from freezing. However, freezing does not kill a sourdough starter; excessive heat does. Old hands came to be called ""sourdoughs"", a term that is still applied to any Alaskan or Klondike old-timer. The significance of the nickname's association with Yukon culture was immortalized in the writings of Robert Service, particularly his collection of ""Songs of a Sourdough"".[citation needed] In English-speaking countries, where wheat-based breads predominate, sourdough is no longer the standard method for bread leavening. It was gradually replaced, first by the use of barm from beer making, then, after the confirmation of germ theory by Louis Pasteur, by cultured yeasts. Although sourdough bread was superseded in commercial bakeries in the 20th century, it has undergone a revival among artisan bakers and, more recently, in industrial bakeries. In countries where there is no legal definition of sourdough bread, the dough for some products named or marketed as such is leavened using baker's yeast or chemical raising agents as well as, or instead of, a live sourdough starter culture. The Real Bread Campaign calls these products sourfaux. Manufacturers of non-sourdough breads make up for the lack of yeast and bacterial culture by introducing into their dough an artificially-made mix known as bread improver or flour improver.","sourdough, baker's yeast, barm, purpose-cultured yeast, commercial yeast, baking soda, cultured yeasts, bread improver, flour improver",information_extraction List all the names of people mentioned in this passage. Use a numbered list.,"When Guettel took up music composition in his mid-teens, he was encouraged by his family. His mother said that she offered him advice for around a year, ""After that, he was so far beyond anything I could ever have dreamed of, I just backed off."" Richard Rodgers, who died when Guettel was 15, overheard an early composition, said he liked it and asked him to play it louder. Guettel has qualified the compliment, noting that ""He was literally on his deathbed on the other side of the living-room wall."" In his high school and collegiate years and into his early twenties, Guettel worked as a rock and jazz musician, singing and playing bass, before realizing ""that writing for character and telling stories through music was something that I really loved to do, and that allowed me to express love.""","1. Guettel 2. Richard Rodgers",information_extraction Which company is owned by Bill Gates,,Microsoft,open_qa What is Pinot Grigio?,"Pinot Gris, Pinot Grigio (US: /ˈpiːnoʊ ˈɡriːdʒioʊ, -dʒoʊ/, UK: /ˈɡrɪdʒioʊ/) or Grauburgunder is a white wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Thought to be a mutant clone of the Pinot Noir variety, it normally has a grayish-blue fruit, accounting for its name, but the grapes can have a brownish pink to black and even white appearance. The word pinot could have been given to it because the grapes grow in small pinecone-shaped clusters. The wines produced from this grape also vary in color from a deep golden yellow to copper and even a light shade of pink, and it is one of the more popular grapes for skin-contact wine. Pinot Gris is grown around the globe, with the ""spicy"" full-bodied Alsatian and lighter-bodied, more acidic Italian styles being most widely recognized. The Alsatian style, often duplicated in New World wine regions such as Marlborough, Tasmania, South Australia, Washington, Oregon, and South Africa tend to have moderate to low acidity, higher alcohol levels and an almost ""oily"" texture that contributes to the full-bodied nature of the wine. The flavors can range from ripe tropical fruit notes of melon and mango to some botrytis-influenced flavors. In Italy, Pinot grigio grapes are often harvested early to retain the refreshing acidity and minimize some of the overt-fruitiness of the variety, creating a more neutral flavor profile. This style is often imitated in other Old World wine regions, such as Germany, where the grape is known as Ruländer, or more commonly, Grauburgunder.","Pinot Gris, Pinot Grigio (US: /ˈpiːnoʊ ˈɡriːdʒioʊ, -dʒoʊ/, UK: /ˈɡrɪdʒioʊ/) or Grauburgunder is a white wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Pinot Gris is grown around the globe, with the ""spicy"" full-bodied Alsatian and lighter-bodied, more acidic Italian styles being most widely recognized.",closed_qa Give me the history and background of the Phoenix Suns basketball franchise,"The Phoenix Suns are an American professional basketball team based in Phoenix, Arizona. They compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Suns are the only team in their division not to be based in California, and play their home games at the Footprint Center. The Suns are one of four major league sports teams based in the Phoenix area, but are the only one to bill themselves as representing the city (the other teams - the Cardinals, Coyotes, and Diamondbacks - all bill themselves as representing the state of Arizona).","The Phoenix Suns are an American professional basketball team based in Phoenix, Arizona. They compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Suns are the only team in their division not to be based in California, and play their home games at the Footprint Center. The Suns are one of four major league sports teams based in the Phoenix area, but are the only one to bill themselves as representing the city (the other teams - the Cardinals, Coyotes, and Diamondbacks - all bill themselves as representing the state of Arizona). The franchise began play in 1968 as an expansion team, and their early years were mired in mediocrity, but their fortunes changed in the 1970s after partnering Dick Van Arsdale and Alvan Adams with Paul Westphal; the team reached the 1976 NBA Finals, in what is considered to be one of the biggest upsets in NBA history. However, after failing to capture a championship, the Suns would rebuild around Walter Davis for a majority of the 1980s, until the acquisition of Kevin Johnson in 1988. Under Johnson, and after trading for perennial NBA All-Star Charles Barkley, and combined with the output of Tom Chambers and Dan Majerle, the Suns reached the playoffs for a franchise-record thirteen consecutive appearances and remained a regular title contender throughout the 1990s, and reached the 1993 NBA Finals. However, the team would again fail to win a championship, and entered into another period of mediocrity until the early part of the 2000s. In 2004, the Suns signed free agent Steve Nash (who had blossomed for the Dallas Mavericks after being traded from Phoenix six years earlier), and returned into playoff contention. With Nash, Shawn Marion, and Amar'e Stoudemire, and under head coach Mike D'Antoni, the Suns became renowned worldwide for their quick, dynamic offense, which led them to tie a franchise record in wins in the 2004–05 season. Two more top two Conference placements followed, but the Suns again failed to attain an NBA championship, and were forced into another rebuild. After ten consecutive seasons without a playoff berth, the Suns reached the 2021 NBA Finals after acquiring Chris Paul, forming a quartet with their young core of Devin Booker, Deandre Ayton and Mikal Bridges. Following a disappointing playoff exit in 2022, the Suns acquired 13-time All-Star and two-time NBA champion Kevin Durant. The Suns own the NBA's fifth-best all-time winning percentage, and have the second highest winning percentage of any team to have never won an NBA championship. 11 Hall of Famers have played for Phoenix, while two — Barkley and Nash — won NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) while playing for the team. Additionally, their Hall of Fame radio announcer Al McCoy is the longest-tenured broadcaster in NBA history.",summarization "Classify each of the following as either a chip or a cracker: Goldfish, Wheat Thins, Pringles, Doritos, Cheez-Its, Lays, Ruffles",,"Goldfish: Cracker Wheat Thins: Cracker Pringles: Chip Doritos: Chip Cheez-Its: Cracker Lays: Chip Ruffles: Chip",classification How long does it take to recover from a sinus infection?,"Generally sinusitis starts off as a common viral infection like common cold. This infection generally subsides within 5 to 7 days. During this time the nasal structures can swell and facilitate the stagnation of fluids in sinuses that leads to acute sinusitis which lasts from 6th day of the infection to 15th day. From the 15th day to 45th day of the infection comes the subacute stage followed by chronic stage. Whenever a chronic stage patient's immunity takes a hit the infection moves to ""acute on sinusitis"" stage and moves back to chronic when the immunity is up.","Given this paragraph about Sinusitis, it takes 5-7 days to feel much better.",closed_qa Summarize the types of propaganda students distributed during the Tiananmen Square protests and massacre in a bulleted list.,"During the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre student demonstrators created and distributed a large variety of propaganda. The first of these were memorial posters dedicated to Hu Yaobang, which were placed in Peking University following his death on Saturday April 15, 1989. On April 16th and 17th, pamphlets, leaflets and other forms of propaganda began to be distributed by university students both in Peking University and at Tiananmen Square where large congregations of students began to form in what became the beginning stages of the protest. These were used to communicate among the students as well as to spread their messages and demands to groups such as the Chinese government and foreign media. Other forms of propaganda would emerge as the protests continued, such as a hunger strike beginning on May 13 and visits from celebrities and intellectuals, as well as speeches and songs. All of these were used to promote the interests of the student protest movement.","The following are types of propaganda students distributed during the Tiananmen Square protests and massacre: - Memorial posters dedicated to Hu Yaobang - Hunger strike - Visits from celebrities and intellectuals - Speeches and songs",summarization "Are the these examples of deserts or desserts? Cake, pie, cookies, and ice cream.",,These four examples are desserts not deserts.,classification Where can I ride roller coasters in the united states?,,"Here are some of the places you can ride roller coasters in the united states: Hersheypark in Hershey, Pennsylvania; Universal Studios in Orlando, Florida; Disneyland in Anaheim, California; Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio; Busch Gardens in Williamsburg, Virginia; Silver Dollar City, Branson, Missouri; Magic Mountain in Valencia, CA; Kings Island in Mason, Ohio; Dollywood in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee; Knoebels in Elysburg, Pennsylvania; Hersheypark in Hershey, Pennsylvania; Knott’s Berry Farm in Buena Park, California; Sea World in Orlado, Florida; Kennywood in West Mifflin, Pennsylvania; Holiday World in Santa Claus, Indiana; or Carowinds in Charlotte, North Carolina.",open_qa What are the things I can do to pass time while waiting for my appointment at a DMV office? I don’t want to use my phone.,,"Waiting for your turn at a DMV office, or for that matter, any office can be a boring and exhausting affair. Here are a few things you could do to pass some time. 1. Check out the different kinds of shoes people are wearing. Can you guess the kind of profession they have? 2. Snoop in on people’s conversations. How does their life fee different from yours? 3. Practice deep breathing. It helps you relax. 4. Recall past times from a great vacation you had. What made you like it? 5. Feel your teeth with your tongue and count them.",brainstorming What is the biggest strength of Hong Kong journalists,"In the first video, Jiang lashed out at Hong Kong journalist Sharon Cheung in Zhongnanhai when he met with Chee-hwa Tung, Chief Executive of Hong Kong at that time. Ms. Cheung asked if Jiang supported Tung's campaign for Chief Executive, which Jiang affirmed. Cheung then asked if it meant the Chinese government had already decided internally to re-appoint Tung. This made Jiang very upset, and criticized her for twisting his words to ""make big news."" Jiang then continued to criticize the Hong Kong media on the whole, claiming that they need to learn to ask more meaningful questions, even stating that ""Mike Wallace of the US is at a much higher level than you are"", referring to a 2000 interview Jiang gave with 60 Minutes. The second is the famous interview by American journalist Mike Wallace that Jiang referred to in the previous video. In this interview, Wallace and Jiang talked about many touchy subjects, such as democracy and dictatorship in China, freedom of the press, Falun Gong, and the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. The third video is recorded when Jiang came back to China United Engineering Corporation (Jiang worked there for some years), and Jiang recalled his experience in the video. He also talks about Deng Xiaoping's decision to appoint him as leader of China, and what he considered his achievements during his years of leadership.",Making big news,closed_qa "Imagine you come across a time machine and that with this machine time travel is possible, however, you can only make one round trip to the past and back. What year would you travel to and why?",,"It would be tempting to go back in time to attempt to change or experience any number of events throughout history but I would not use the machine. I am afraid that any change to the past, no matter how small, could have unknown repercussions that spread through time and change the world as I know it, threatening those that I know and love and even my own existence.",creative_writing What are the best books of the 19th century?,,"1. Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen 2. Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë 3. The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde 4. Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë 5. Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky",open_qa "Which of the following are considered functional programming languages and which are not: OCaml, Scala, Python, C, and Java.",,"OCaml and Scala are considered functional languages, while Python C, and Java are not.",classification Write me a poem about data,,"Data is big Data is great Data must stand Or endeavour a fate Where truth becomes blurred Where knowledge can't roost And fall victim you may To subjective seduce",creative_writing What are the various passing routes in football?,,"Streak Post Crossing route Hitch Comeback Digg Out Flat Wheel",brainstorming "Tell me whether these are part of the judicial, executive, or legislative branch of government: Supreme Court, President, House, Senate",,"Supreme Court: Judicial President: Executive House: Legislative Senate: Legislative",classification What is Rhaeboceras,,Rhaeboceras is an extinct genus of ammonite belonging to the subfamily Scaphitinae. Species belonging to the genus lived during the Cretaceous and have been found in the Pierre Shale of North America.,open_qa When was the World Investment Report 2021 released by UNCTAD?,,"June 21, 2021",open_qa "Classify the following beverages that are typically served as either carbonated or non-carbonated: milk, soda, orange juice, beer, lemonade, coffee, sports drinks",,"Carbonated: soda, beer Non-carbonated: milk, orange juice, lemonade, coffee, sports drinks",classification Write me an email to a professor respectfully declining their request for my attendance at a conference,,"Hi Professor, It is so great to hear from you. I am so glad you thought of me to attend this conference. Unfortunately, I have a tentative vacation planned that week but please do keep me in mind for future opportunities. Thank you,",creative_writing What are five cities in the state of North Carolina?,,"Five cities in North Carolina are Charlotte, Raleigh, Boone, Durham, and Asheville.",open_qa Who won the Second World War?,,"There are no real winners in war, but the Second World War concluded with the liberation of German and Japanese occupied territories by the western allies (primarily the USA and Great Britain) and the Soviet Union.",open_qa Name three poems by William Wordsworth.,,"Tintern Abbey, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, and the Solitary Reaper",open_qa What is Schalke 04 famous for?,"Fußballclub Gelsenkirchen-Schalke 04 e. V., commonly known as FC Schalke 04 (German: [ɛf tseː ˈʃalkə nʊl fiːɐ̯] (listen)), Schalke 04 (German: [ˌʃalkə nʊl ˈfiːɐ̯] (listen)), or abbreviated as S04 (German: [ˈɛs nʊl fiːɐ̯] (listen)), is a professional German football and multi-sports club originally from the Schalke district of Gelsenkirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia. The ""04"" in the club's name derives from its formation in 1904. Schalke have been one of the most popular professional football teams in Germany, even though the club's heyday was in the 1930s and 1940s. Schalke have played in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system, since 2022, following promotion from the 2. Bundesliga in 2021–22. As of 2022, the club has 160,000 members, making it the second-largest football club in Germany and the fourth-largest club in the world in terms of membership. Other activities offered by the club include athletics, basketball, handball, table tennis, winter sports and eSports.","FC Schalke 04 (full name Fußballclub Gelsenkirchen-Schalke 04 e. V. ) is a German football and multi-sports club that was founded in 1904 in Gelsenkirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club won seven times the German Championship, five times the German Cup / DFB-Pokal and 1997 the UEFA-CUP, when it beat Inter Milan in the finals. The club receives from football fans all over the world renown for its youth academy, which constantly develops famous players. Benedikt Höwedes, Manuel Neuer and Mesut Özil, who won the World Cup with Germany in 2014, were formed in the Schalke 04 youth academy. Since 2011 the youth academy is called Knappenschmiede in reference to the mining industry that was very strong in the past in the area of Western Germany. A Knappe is a miner after completion of his apprenticeship.",closed_qa Do cats have nine lives?,,No,open_qa Give me a list of 3 of the best movies quotes I've never used,,"* ""Two? Make it three, I'm not driving"" - Kevin McCallister (Home Alone 2: Lost in New York) * ""Oh yeah, you blend"" - Mona Lisa Vito (My Cousin Vinny) * ""We were just driving by to get some ice cream. Thought you might like to join us."" - Buck Russell (Uncle Buck)",brainstorming What does someone mean when they say “flip him the bird”?,,The phrase refers to pointing a middle finger at someone in order to swear at them. This colloquial form of profanity was popularized by Robin Williams in the movie Good Morning Vietnam.,open_qa Tell me about the most amazing trip an American could take.,,"Many Americans could experience amazing trips from just traveling within the United States. However, the most amazing trip might consist of traveling outside the United States and heading to a country they have never been to. For instance, a trip to Thailand in Asia or Spain in Europe might make for an amazing experience due to being able to experience new cultures, see completely new sites, and taste incredible local cuisines.",brainstorming Discuss at least two risks associated with scraping data from websites. Describe steps an analyst could take to mitigate those risks.,,"No clear Terms-of-service for scrapping the B2B partnership data The companies like Hubspot (https://legal.hubspot.com/website-terms-of-use) and Salesforce do not have a clear Terms of Service (TOS) when using partnership data. The TOS is subject to interpretation. Automation is highly fragile Web-scrapping the B2B partnership data with an automated scrapping tool or a programming language like Python- BeautifulSoup is a highly fragile process. The website layout, which can be dynamically changing, can break the automated scraping. Even with automatic scrapping, there will be many manual activities to normalize the data. An analyst could list the top companies for B2B partnerships and request the companies for the B2B data. The analyst can start approaching the smaller companies and build the business model to illustrate the value of sharing B2B data, creating a flywheel where more companies will be willing to share the data.",creative_writing "Classify each of the countries as ""English Speaking"" or ""Spanish Speaking"": Costa Rica, USA, Canada, Ecuador, Peru",,"Costa Rica: Spanish Speaking USA: English Canada: English Ecuador: Spanish Peru: Spanish",classification "Categorize each of the following as being beneficial or not beneficial to making a home protected from burglars: alarm system, open doors, locks, cameras, open windows",,"Alarm System: Beneficial Open Doors: Not Beneficial Locks: Beneficial Cameras: Beneficial Open Windows: Not Beneficial",classification "Classify each of the following as human or animal: lion, monkey, zebra, clint eastwood, cat",,Lion is an animal. Monkey is an animal. Zebra is an animal. Clint Eastwood is a human. Cat is an animal.,classification "Determine whether each of the following items is worn on somebody's head or feet: helmet, shoes, sandals, hat, socks, beanie, cleats",,"Helmet: Head Shoes: Feet Sandals: Feet Hat: Head Socks: Feet Beanie: Head Cleats: Feet",classification "What Peloton instructor should I take a cycling class with for the following moods and why? Happy, Sad, Angry, Unmotivated",,"There are 48 Peloton instructors who teach a variety of classes including: strength, tread, cycling, yoga, boxing, rowing, running, stretching, meditation, cardio, pilates, barre, and bootcamp. They have both male and female instructors representing a variety of body types. The classes are high energy in nature and feature music from todays hits, genres, decades, and more. There are classes on the platform in the following languages: German, Spanish, and English. There is a workout set to a musical playlist for every type of athlete on the Peloton platform. They have four types of intensity levels for classes: beginner, intermediate, advanced, and all levels. As a rule of thumb, all instructors teach classes across all levels. The classes vary in length from 5 minutes to 60+ minutes long. The most popular class lengths are 10, 20, and 30 minute long classes. Many instructors on the Peloton platform have a large following on social media. Devout fans often delineate their fandom by displaying the instructor's fan hashtag within the Peloton app. An athlete looking to take a class when feeling unmotivated should take a class with the instructor Robin Arzon, she's a no none-sense instructor who will motivate you from your core, you'll often find latino beats and hip hop music as the the themes in her playlists, which translate to a high energy environment pulling even the most unmotivated person into a workout. An athlete looking to take a class when sad should take a class with Christine D'Ercole. Her reflection ride classes might bring out a cry if you're feeling sad, but she leaves space for you to feel all your feelings and work through them with soothing tunes and motion. An athlete looking to take a class when they are angry should take a class with Kendal Toole. Kendal's class will help you channel that anger into an intense workout where you will be able to get all of the anger into the movements. Plus, she has an emotions themed class on anger. For an athlete looking to take a class when happy they should take a class with Callie Gullickson, her happy go lucky personality and goofy jokes will keep the good mood going. She's known for pop playlists with upbeat tunes. She loves Trader Joes and often makes references to it in her workout classes.",creative_writing What are some of the greatest rock bands of all time?,,"The Rolling Stones, The Beatles, and Led Zeppelin",open_qa "From the text provided, extract the list of styles found on Budapest architecture. Separate them with a semi-colon.","Budapest has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods, from the ancient times as Roman City of Aquincum in Óbuda (District III), which dates to around 89 AD, to the most modern Palace of Arts, the contemporary arts museum and concert hall. Most buildings in Budapest are relatively low: in the early 2010s there were around 100 buildings higher than 45 metres (148 ft). The number of high-rise buildings is kept low by building legislation, which is aimed at preserving the historic cityscape and to meet the requirements of the World Heritage Site. Strong rules apply to the planning, authorisation and construction of high-rise buildings and consequently much of the inner city does not have any. Some planners would like see an easing of the rules for the construction of skyscrapers, and the possibility of building skyscrapers outside the city's historic core has been raised. In the chronological order of architectural styles Budapest is represented on the entire timeline, starting with the Roman City of Aquincum representing ancient architecture. The next determinative style is the Gothic architecture in Budapest. The few remaining Gothic buildings can be found in the Castle District. Buildings of note are no. 18, 20 and 22 on Országház Street, which date back to the 14th century and No. 31 Úri Street, which has a Gothic façade that dates back to the 15th century. Other buildings with Gothic features are the Inner City Parish Church, built in the 12th century, and the Mary Magdalene Church, completed in the 15th century. The most characteristic Gothic-style buildings are actually Neo-Gothic, like the most well-known Budapest landmarks, the Hungarian Parliament Building and the Matthias Church, where much of the original material was used (originally built in Romanesque style in 1015). The next chapter in the history of human architecture is Renaissance architecture. One of the earliest places to be influenced by the Renaissance style of architecture was Hungary, and Budapest in particular. The style appeared following the marriage of King Matthias Corvinus and Beatrice of Naples in 1476. Many Italian artists, craftsmen and masons came to Buda with the new queen. Today, many of the original renaissance buildings disappeared during the varied history of Buda, but Budapest is still rich in renaissance and neo-renaissance buildings, like the famous Hungarian State Opera House, St. Stephen's Basilica and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. During the Turkish occupation (1541–1686), Islamic culture flourished in Budapest; multiple mosques and baths were built in the city. These were great examples of Ottoman architecture, which was influenced by Muslims from around the world including Turkish, Iranian, Arabian and to a larger extent, Byzantine architecture as well as Islamic traditions. After the Holy League conquered Budapest, they replaced most of the mosques with churches and minarets were turned into bell towers and cathedral spires. At one point the distinct sloping central square in Budapest became a bustling Oriental bazaar, which was filled with ""the chatter of camel caravans on their way to Yemen and India"". Budapest is in fact one of the few places in the world with functioning original Turkish bathhouses dating back to the 16th century, like Rudas Baths or Király Baths. Budapest is home to the northernmost place where the tomb of influential Islamic Turkish Sufi Dervish, Gül Baba is found. Various cultures converged in Hungary seemed to coalesce well with each other, as if all these different cultures and architecture styles are digested into Hungary's own way of cultural blend. A precedent to show the city's self-conscious is the top section of the city's main square, named as Szechenyi. When Turks came to the city, they built mosques here which was aggressively replaced with Gothic church of St. Bertalan. The rationale of reusing the base of the former Islamic building mosque and reconstruction into Gothic Church but Islamic style architecture over it is typically Islamic are still visible. An official term for the rationale is spolia. The mosque was called the djami of Pasha Gazi Kassim, and djami means mosque in Arabic. After Turks and Muslims were expelled and massacred from Budapest, the site was reoccupied by Christians and reformed into a church, the Inner City Parish Church (Budapest). The minaret and Turkish entranceway were removed. The shape of the architecture is its only hint of exotic past—""two surviving prayer niches facing Mecca and an ecumenical symbol atop its cupola: a cross rising above the Turkish crescent moon"". The most famous Budapest bridge, the Chain Bridge, the icon of the city's 19th century development, built in 1849 After 1686, the Baroque architecture designated the dominant style of art in catholic countries from the 17th century to the 18th century. There are many Baroque-style buildings in Budapest and one of the finest examples of preserved Baroque-style architecture is the Church of St. Anna in Batthyhány square. An interesting part of Budapest is the less touristy Óbuda, the main square of which also has some beautiful preserved historic buildings with Baroque façades. The Castle District is another place to visit where the best-known landmark Buda Royal Palace and many other buildings were built in the Baroque style. The Classical architecture and Neoclassical architecture are the next in the timeline. Budapest had not one but two architects that were masters of the Classicist style. Mihály Pollack (1773–1855) and József Hild (1789–1867), built many beautiful Classicist-style buildings in the city. Some of the best examples are the Hungarian National Museum, the Lutheran Church of Budavár (both designed by Pollack) and the seat of the Hungarian president, the Sándor Palace. The most iconic and widely known Classicist-style attraction in Budapest is the Széchenyi Chain Bridge. Budapest's two most beautiful Romantic architecture buildings are the Great Synagogue in Dohány Street and the Vigadó Concert Hall on the Danube Promenade, both designed by architect Frigyes Feszl (1821–1884). Another noteworthy structure is the Budapest Western Railway Station, which was designed by August de Serres and built by the Eiffel Company of Paris in 1877. The Hungarian Parliament, completed in 1904 Art Nouveau came into fashion in Budapest by the exhibitions which were held in and around 1896 and organised in connection with the Hungarian Millennium celebrations. Art Nouveau in Hungary (Szecesszió in Hungarian) is a blend of several architectural styles, with a focus on Hungary's specialities. One of the leading Art Nouveau architects, Ödön Lechner (1845–1914), was inspired by Indian and Syrian architecture as well as traditional Hungarian decorative designs. One of his most beautiful buildings in Budapest is the Museum of Applied Arts. Another examples for Art Nouveau in Budapest is the Gresham Palace in front of the Chain Bridge, the Hotel Gellért, the Franz Liszt Academy of Music or Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden. It is one of the world's outstanding urban landscapes and illustrates the great periods in the history of the Hungarian capital. UNESCO The second half of the 20th century also saw, under the communist regime, the construction of blocks of flats (panelház), as in other Eastern European countries. In the 21st century, Budapest faces new challenges in its architecture. The pressure towards the high-rise buildings is unequivocal among today's world cities, but preserving Budapest's unique cityscape and its very diverse architecture, along with green areas, is force Budapest to balance between them. The Contemporary architecture has wide margin in the city. Public spaces attract heavy investment by business and government also, so that the city has gained entirely new (or renovated and redesigned) squares, parks and monuments, for example the city central Kossuth Lajos square, Deák Ferenc square and Liberty Square. Numerous landmarks are created in the last decade in Budapest, like the National Theatre, Palace of Arts, Rákóczi Bridge, Megyeri Bridge, Budapest Airport Sky Court among others, and millions of square meters of new office buildings and apartments. But there are still large opportunities in real estate development in the city.",Gothic; Renaissance; Ottoman; Baroque; Classical; Neoclassical; Contemporary,information_extraction "Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: Rolls-Royce, Ford",,"Ford is American, Rolls-Royce is British",classification Extract the different types of milk distribution containers mentioned in the text and list them using bullets in the format {container type} - {volume},"In Australia and New Zealand, prior to metrication, milk was generally distributed in 1 pint (568 mL) glass bottles. In Australia and Ireland there was a government funded ""free milk for school children"" program, and milk was distributed at morning recess in 1/3 pint bottles. With the conversion to metric measures, the milk industry was concerned that the replacement of the pint bottles with 500 mL bottles would result in a 13.6% drop in milk consumption; hence, all pint bottles were recalled and replaced by 600 mL bottles. With time, due to the steadily increasing cost of collecting, transporting, storing and cleaning glass bottles, they were replaced by cardboard cartons. A number of designs were used, including a tetrahedron which could be close-packed without waste space, and could not be knocked over accidentally (slogan: ""No more crying over spilt milk""). However, the industry eventually settled on a design similar to that used in the United States. Milk is now available in a variety of sizes in paperboard milk cartons (250 mL, 375 mL, 600 mL, 1 liter and 1.5 liters) and plastic bottles (1, 2 and 3 liters). A significant addition to the marketplace has been ""long-life"" milk (UHT), generally available in 1 and 2 liter rectangular cardboard cartons. In urban and suburban areas where there is sufficient demand, home delivery is still available, though in suburban areas this is often 3 times per week rather than daily. Another significant and popular addition to the marketplace has been flavored milks; for example, as mentioned above, Farmers Union Iced Coffee outsells Coca-Cola in South Australia.","- glass - 1 pint (569 mL) - glass - 1/3 pint - glass - 600 mL - paperboard - 250 mL - paperboard - 375 mL - paperboard - 600 mL - paperboard - 1 L - paperboard - 1.5 L - plastic - 1 L - plastic - 2 L - plastic - 3 L - cardboard - 1 L - cardboard - 2 L",information_extraction Why is the World Cup the best sporting competition?,,"The World Cup is a global event that happens only once every four years. It always has a Host(s) Nation, which is the only team that automatically qualifies for the tournament. Various tournaments lead up to the event, leading to the qualification for the World Cup. From there, FIFA will rank the qualifiers in different tiers and draw them via lottery into ""Groups"" together.  The Qualification process is available to all teams across the globe. Regionally-based tournaments hosted by the likes of CONACAF, UEFA, CAF, CONMEBOl, etc lead up to the World Cup Tournament.  Once the Groups are drawn via lottery together, all Four teams (from different regions). They play against each other and the two teams with the highest total points will advance to the elimination rounds, which include a round of 16, Quarterfinals, Semifinals, and the Final. Once the elimination round begins they are single elimination matches the loser is out of the tournament and the winner advances to the next round.",open_qa "Tell me the genre of each of the following books, choosing between science fiction, fantasy, or neither. The Name of the Wind by Patrick Rothfuss, The Player of Games by Iain M. Banks, Crying in H Mart by Michelle Zauner, Crime and Punishment by Fyodr Dostoevsky, and Hyperion by Dan Simmons.",,"The Player of Games and Hyperion are science fiction, The Name of the Wind is fantasy, and both Crying in H Mart and Crime and Punishment are neither of those genres.",classification "Tell me whether each of these are flat or pointed: mountain, plateau, table, knife, arrow, road",,"Mountain: Pointed Plateau: Flat Table: Flat Knife: Pointed Arrow: Pointed Road: Flat",classification What is a pineapple?,,"The pineapple is a fruit. It is native to South America, Central America and the Caribbean. The word ""pineapple"" came from European explorers, who thought the fruit looked similar to a pine cone. The pineapple is also a tropical plant and it must not be kept under 10 degrees. It takes a long time for the pineapple to grow. It mainly depends on the location and the growing conditions it gets. If the temperature is warm, the pineapple will grow faster. On average, it takes about two to three years to grow. If the fruit travels by boat, the fruit must be picked before ripening, since the trip takes a long time. Sometimes, pineapple has to travel by boat to be accessible to all. It is different for air travel. The pineapple can be picked when it is grown, since travel time is short. In most countries, they call the pineapple ananas.",open_qa I'm about to leave San Francisco and I love my rickety old apartment. Write it a tribute and make it poetic!,,"To my San Francisco apartment, I’ll miss how you rumble in the wind. How I can hear my partner on a call even with two doors closed in between us. Your front staircase, which makes every visitor feel like they’ve been transported back in time to a 1980s Palm Beach condo. The garbage trucks waking us up on Friday morning. The way your bathroom door never fully closes — much to the dismay of our guests — and the countless post-surfing wetsuits hanging from the never-used bath. The view from your back porch and the magical sunsets and sunrises we witnessed. When we were locked down to slow the spread of COVID-19, I banged on your screen door every evening at 8pm, pretending I was a percussionist, waving at my elderly neighbors and joining in the collective shouts to show our first responders gratitude. I sat outside on the small patch of grass we called your backyard and cried when the stress was too much. After all these years, my tears are likely soaked into your beige walls and carpet, which we haphazardly plastered with frames and discounted rugs from the Pottery Barn warehouse. And how could I forgot our downstairs neighbors, who slowly warmed to us and then loudly went through a divorce? Or our friendly landlord, who gifted us cookies and wine every holiday season, and never once increased our rent — even offering to lower it to tempt us to stay when we gave our notice? You gave us a home and sheltered us through it all. You provided four walls within which we could blast music, fight off anxiety attacks, lazily binge tv shows, host game nights and late nights with friends, experience earthquakes and hide away from the world while still experiencing the beauty around us. For that, I will be forever grateful.",creative_writing Who is the greatest Russian writer?,,Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin was a Russian author of the Romantic era who is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature.,open_qa "Beyond the classical states of matter, what are the modern states of matter?","Plasma: Free charged particles, usually in equal numbers, such as ions and electrons. Unlike gases, plasma may self-generate magnetic fields and electric currents and respond strongly and collectively to electromagnetic forces. Plasma is very uncommon on Earth (except for the ionosphere), although it is the most common state of matter in the universe. Supercritical fluid: At sufficiently high temperatures and pressures, the distinction between liquid and gas disappears. Degenerate matter: matter under very high pressure, supported by the Pauli exclusion principle. Electron-degenerate matter: found inside white dwarf stars. Electrons remain bound to atoms but can transfer to adjacent atoms. Neutron-degenerate matter: found in neutron stars. Vast gravitational pressure compresses atoms so strongly that the electrons are forced to combine with protons via Inverse beta decay, resulting in a super dense conglomeration of neutrons. (Normally free neutrons outside an atomic nucleus will decay with a half-life of just under fifteen minutes, but in a neutron star, as in the nucleus of an atom, other effects stabilize the neutrons.) Strange matter: A type of quark matter that may exist inside some neutron stars close to the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit (approximately 2–3 solar masses). May be stable at lower energy states once formed. Quantum spin Hall state: a theoretical phase that may pave the way for developing electronic devices that dissipate less energy and generate less heat. This is a derivation of the quantum Hall state of matter. Bose–Einstein condensate: a phase in which a large number of bosons all inhabit the same quantum state, in effect becoming one single wave/particle. This is a low-energy phase that can only be formed in laboratory conditions and at very low temperatures. It must be close to zero kelvin, or absolute zero. Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein predicted the existence of such a state in the 1920s, but it was not observed until 1995 by Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman. Fermionic condensate: Similar to the Bose-Einstein condensate but composed of fermions, also known as Fermi-Dirac condensate. The Pauli exclusion principle prevents fermions from entering the same quantum state, but a pair of fermions can behave like a boson, and multiple such pairs can then enter the same quantum state without restriction. Superconductivity: is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature. Superconductivity is the ground state of many elemental metals. Superfluid: A phase achieved by a few cryogenic liquids at extreme temperature at which they become able to flow without friction. A superfluid can flow up the side of an open container and down the outside. Placing a superfluid in a spinning container will result in quantized vortices. Supersolid: similar to a superfluid, a supersolid can move without friction but retains a rigid shape. Quantum spin liquid: A disordered state in a system of interacting quantum spins which preserves its disorder to shallow temperatures, unlike other disordered states. String-net liquid: Atoms in this state have unstable arrangements, like a liquid, but are still consistent in the overall pattern, like a solid. Time crystals: A state of matter where an object can have movement even at its lowest energy state. Rydberg polaron: A state of matter that can only exist at ultra-low temperatures and consists of atoms inside of atoms. Black superionic ice: A state of matter that can exist under very high pressure while excited by super lasers.","1. Plasma: Plasma is the most common state of matter in the universe, but it is uncommonly found on Earth. This state of matter is comprised of free charged particles, such as ions and electrons. Similar to a gaseous state, however, it may generate a magnetic field. 2. Supercritical fluid: Matter that lacks a clear distinction between being a gas and a liquid. This state is found at high temperatures and pressures. 3. Degenerative Matter: A highly dense state of matter due to very high pressures. This state of matter is naturally found in stars in their final evolutionary states. 4. Bose-Einstein condensate: A phase of matter in which a large number of bosons all inhabit the same quantum state. This phase requires temperatures near absolute zero of very low density gas. 5. Fermionic condensate: Similar to Bose-Einstein condensate, except with fermions instead of bosons. 6. Superconductivity: Certain elemental materials may achieve a ground state of superconductivity where there is no electrical resistance and magnetic flux fields are expelled. While most conductors will have reduced resistance as the temperature is lowered, superconductors will abruptly achieve zero resistance at a certain critical temperature. 7. Superfluid: Some fluids may enter this state of matter where, at extremely low temperatures, they become able to flow without friction. 8. Supersolid: Similar to a superfluid, except it can move without friction in a rigid, solid shape. 9. Quantum spin liquid: A state of matter found in certain materials related to the quantum spin. In most magnetic materials, spins tend to form patterns based on how they interact with other neighboring spins. In a quantum spin liquid, however, they remain in a disordered state, never forming a pattern that prevents it from reaching a stable, ordered state. 10. String-net liquid: Atoms in this state have a consistent overall pattern like a solid, but their arrangement is unstable. 11. Time crystals: A quantum system of particles that exhibits non-kinetic motion of particles at their lowest-energy state. 12. Rydberg polaron: An exotic state of matter created at low temperatures in which a very large atom contains other ordinary atoms between the nucleus and electrons. 13. Black superionic ice: This matter is a phase of water that exists at extremely high pressures and temperatures.",information_extraction Which national park is hardest to visit?,,"Its hard to say which national park is the most difficult to visit. There are numerous locations across multiple geographies including Guam, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, The U.S Virgin Islands and the United States itself. Many national parks don't receive a lot of visitors because of their remote locations. Alaska contains many national parks that are hard to visit including: Kobuk Valley National Park, Katmai National Park and Preserve, And Gates of the Arctic. Gates of the Arctic National Park for example is the least visited overall park because its extremely remote and can only be reached by plane or on foot. Other National Parks like Isle Royale in Michigan or Dry Tortugas National Park in Florida are also hard to visit as they can only be reached by boat or seaplane and contain rugged terrain and sensitive reefs.",creative_writing "What is heavier, 1 centimetre or 5 miles?",,"Unfortunately, I can't answer that question. A centimetre and a mile are both units of measurement and therefore don't have an associated weight.",open_qa How is a distiller used?,,"A distiller is used in the production of alcohol or hard liquor. It works by using heat to cause evaporation and condensation with a source substance. If you take water for example, distilling happens when you heat the water and then it evaporates into steam and then the steam is re-condensed. This re-condensed steam is distilled water. This same process can be applied to other raw foods than have been fermenting to produce clear alcohol.",open_qa What is Bubble tea?,"Bubble tea (also known as pearl milk tea, bubble milk tea, tapioca milk tea, boba tea, or boba; Chinese: 珍珠奶茶; pinyin: zhēnzhū nǎichá, 波霸奶茶; bōbà nǎichá) is a tea-based drink that originated in Taiwan in the early 1980s. Taiwanese immigrants brought it to the United States in the 1990s, initially in California through regions like Los Angeles County, but the drink has also spread to other countries where there is a large East Asian diaspora population. Bubble tea most commonly consists of tea accompanied by chewy tapioca balls (""boba"" or ""pearls""), but it can be made with other toppings as well, such as grass jelly, aloe vera, red bean, or popping boba. It has many varieties and flavors, but the two most popular varieties are pearl black milk tea and pearl green milk tea (""pearl"" signifies the tapioca balls at the bottom).","Boba tea is a very delicious drink originally from Taiwan. It started with cold milk tea with tapioca balls in the early 1990s. When the demand gets so popular, the boba tea store owner tries to be fancier by adding different toppings such as grass jelly, pudding cluster, aloe vera, red beans, gummy, mochi and fruit bites. In addition, many store owners become more creative by using different flavors of tea (black, green, oolong, jasmine and other fragrance tea) as a drink base to outstand other competitors.",closed_qa What are some common types of monstera?,,"Monstera is a house plant most well known for its leaves with holes and quick growth. Some of the common varieties of the monstera plant include Deliciosa, Adansonii, Minima, Taureii, Thai Constellation, Silver, and Karstenianum",brainstorming What colors would you use for a futuristic logo?,,"Colors such as blue, silver, grey and white evoke a feel of futurism and would be well suited to a futuristic logo.",brainstorming "What happened to Ned Stark's ancestral family greatsword, Ice?",,"After he was beheaded, Ned Stark's family sword was taken by Tywin Lannnister and reforged to make two longswords: Widow's Wail, which was gifted to his eldest grandson, Joffrey, and Oathkeeper, which was gifted to his son, Jaime.",open_qa "Imagine you have won the lottery, and have 5 million dollars after tax to spend in San Francisco, where you currently rent a 2 bedroom apartment with three roommates who are your best friends but who you hate living. Describe how you would use the money, keeping in mind you don't have a high paying job so you want to do fun things and also set yourself up for the future.",,"First, I would use half the money to buy myself my own home in San Francisco. I wouldn't buy anything too fancy, but I would want my own place in a good neighborhood where I wouldn't have to share a room with a roommate. With the remaining 2.5 million I'd set aside 500 thousand in an account for future maintenance of the house and property taxes. Then I'd put aside 1 million for my retirement savings, putting it in a longterm investment account. With the remaining million, I'd use another 500k for short term savings, and put that in a more aggressive investment. I'd spend the rest of the money on a few fun items, like taking a big trip with all of my roommates and buying a new car and some nice clothing. For our trip, we'd live the life of luxury, taking first class flights and staying in nice resorts across the world, visiting places like Paris, Rome, Singapore and Tahiti.",creative_writing Who directed the first two episodes of season three of Game of Thrones?,,"Daniel Minahan directed ""Valar Dohaeris"" and ""Dark Wings, Dark Words"" which are the first two episodes of season three of Game of Thrones.",open_qa How data engineers are different from software engineers?,,"Data engineers build data systems and databases while software engineers create applications, software, and other products.",open_qa Name five different cheeses.,,"Five different cheeses are mozzarella, parmesan, gouda, cheddar, and gruyere.",open_qa What is the successor liability and can you give me some practical examples about it,,"In law, successor liability is liability (debt or other obligation) that is inherited by a successor entity after a corporate restructuring. Here, ‘successor’ refers to the entity that exists after the restructuring. ‘Restructuring’ refers to any action that alters the identity or character of a business entity (e.g. a merger). Successor liability is a subset of the law governing corporate liability or liability of legal persons. A legal person is any person that can do the things a human person is able to do in law – such as enter into contracts, sue and be sued, own property, and so on. Depending on the jurisdiction, entities such as corporations, other types of firm, partnerships and state-owned enterprises may be treated as legal persons, with both rights and responsibilities under law. Successor liability rules influence how these rights and responsibilities vis-a-vis others are influenced by corporate restructurings. Under corporate law (or possibly other bodies of law, such as employment or environmental law), some countries regulate how liability passes from a ‘predecessor’ entity to a 'successor' entity in the event of such corporate restructurings as a name change, merger or acquisition, division or dissolution. Following such restructurings, successor liability rules determine whether and how the 'successor' or acquiring entity must assume some or all of the predecessor entity's liabilities. Product liability, environmental clean-up, employment law and criminal law are some of the areas in which successor liability may enter into play. Thus, it is an important component of the legal system that supports the structural change needed in dynamic business sectors while also protecting individual and societal interests. While a restructuring does not automatically give rise to successor liability, the following situations are often considered to be relevant when determining whether or not such liability exists: there is an explicit agreement between the parties on the assumption of some liabilities; the restructuring is considered to be a de facto merger; the restructuring results in the mere continuation of the predecessor’s business; and the transaction underpinning the restructuring was fraudulent and used to escape liability. Without successor liability, a business entity may avoid liability by reorganising itself or otherwise altering its corporate identity. A comparative law study of successor liability in the context of enforcement of laws criminalising foreign bribery shows that countries have adopted widely different approaches to successor liability in a criminal law context. In some jurisdictions, it is not clear whether successor liability exists at all, opening up the possibility that even minor business reorganisations could 'wipe the slate clean' from the standpoint of criminal law enforcement. Other countries have comprehensive statutory frameworks that address successor liability. Still others rely on established jurisprudence or other legal principles as the legal foundation for successor liability.",open_qa What is table tennis and why is it popular,"Table tennis, also known as ping-pong and whiff-whaff, is a racket sport derived from tennis but distinguished by its playing surface being atop a stationary table, rather than the court on which players stand. Either individually or in teams of two, players take alternating turns returning a light, hollow ball over the table's net onto the opposing half of the court using small rackets until they fail to do so, which results in a point for the opponent. Play is fast, requiring quick reaction and constant attention, and is characterized by an emphasis on spin relative to other ball sports, which can heavily affect the ball's trajectory. Owed to its small minimum playing area, its ability to be played indoors in all climates, and relative accessibility of equipment, table tennis is enjoyed worldwide not just as a competitive sport, but as a common recreational pastime among players of all levels and ages.","Table tennis is a sport that plays a ball on a table with rackets. Its rule has evolved over the years, like the material of the racket and balls, size of the balls. Like tennis, it can also play simple or double games. It is popular because it doesn't require a big area, and normally people can play it even at an older age.",summarization "Tell me which of these Australian cities are on the coast and which are inland. Brisbane, Melbourne, Canberra, Adelaide, Hobart, Darwin and Perth.",,"Brisbane, Melbourne, Adelaide, Hobart, Darwin, Perth are all coastal Australian cities. Canberra is an inland Australian city.",classification What are some popular fantasy book series,,"Game of Thrones, The Witcher, Lord of the Rings, Red Rising, Harry Potter, The Hunger Games, Dune, Star Wars",brainstorming Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name},"The area that became Los Angeles was originally inhabited by the indigenous Tongva people and later claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542. The city was founded on September 4, 1781, under Spanish governor Felipe de Neve, on the village of Yaanga. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence. In 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and thus became part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4, 1850, five months before California achieved statehood. The discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The city was further expanded with the completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, which delivers water from Eastern California.","• Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo • Felipe de Neve",information_extraction "Classify each of the following as a conductor or insulator: steel, copper, rubber, wood, cardboard, aluminum",,"Steel: Conductor Copper: Conductor Rubber: Insulator Wood: Insulator Cardboard: Insulator Aluminum: Conductor",classification "Tell me whether these are nouns or proper nouns: United States of America, playground, rope, St. Petersburg, Miami, ocean",,"United States of America: Proper Noun Playground: Noun Rope: Noun St. Petersburg: Proper Noun Miami: Proper Noun Ocean: Noun",classification Give me a comma separated list of all the organizations Henry Holst worked for based on this article.,"The Henry Holst String Quartet was founded by the Danish violinist Henry Holst in 1931. Holst had studied at the Royal Danish Conservatory under Axel Gade and Carl Nielsen. In 1923, he was appointed leader of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, but in 1931 he moved to Manchester as a Professor at the Royal Manchester College of Music. The move to Manchester led to the formation of the Henry Holst String Quartet with Charles Taylor (second violin), Herbert Downes (viola) and Anthony Pini (cello). The ensemble was recognised as fine quartet, touring extensively in the UK and broadcasting on BBC Radio. They played a number of times in Liverpool for the Rodewald Concert Society in the 1934 and 1937 seasons. Ernest Element (2nd violin) and Frank Venton (viola) also sometimes played for the quartet. Herbert Downes left to lead his own quartet in 1935. Charles Taylor also left to found his own quartet and was replaced by Reginald Stead as second violin. Reginald Stead later became the leader of the BBC Northern Orchestra. Anthony Pini joined the London Philharmonic Orchestra in 1932 and was replaced by John C Hock as cellist. The Henry Holst Quartet finally disbanded when Henry Holst formed the Philharmonia Quartet in 1941 at the instigation of Walter Legge to record for Columbia Records.","Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, Royal Manchester College of Music, Columbia Records",information_extraction How many ways are there to skin a cat?,,"There is are many ways to skin a cat. The most important thing is to make sure no skin is left on the carcass. However this is also a popular proverb that means there are many ways to do something, to achieve a goal.",brainstorming Please list all the countries having hosted a Rugby World Cup before 2023 according to the text,"Tournaments are organised by Rugby World Cup Ltd (RWCL), which is itself owned by World Rugby. The selection of host is decided by a vote of World Rugby Council members.The voting procedure is managed by a team of independent auditors, and the voting kept secret. The host nation is generally selected five or six years before the competition. The tournament has been hosted by multiple nations. For example, the 1987 tournament was co-hosted by Australia and New Zealand. World Rugby requires that the hosts must have a venue with a capacity of at least 60,000 spectators for the final. Host nations sometimes construct or upgrade stadia in preparation for the World Cup, such as Millennium Stadium – purpose built for the 1999 tournament – and Eden Park, upgraded for 2011. The first country outside of the traditional rugby nations of SANZAAR or the Six Nations to be awarded the hosting rights was 2019 host Japan. France will host the 2023 tournament. The next tournament to be hosted by a nation outside the traditional nations will be the 2031 tournament in the United States.","Australia, New Zealand, Japan",summarization To which family does the Chasenella belong to,,Chasenella is a genus of harvestmen in the family Sclerosomatidae from Borneo.,open_qa What is Brdinje,,Brdinje (pronounced [bəɾˈdiːnjɛ]) is a dispersed settlement in the hills southeast of Ravne na Koroškem in the Carinthia region in northern Slovenia,open_qa Who composed the theme song for the movie Marvin's Room?,"Marvin's Room is a 1996 American drama film directed by Jerry Zaks. The script was written by John Guare and based on the play of the same name by Scott McPherson, who died in 1992. McPherson had completed a screenplay for a film version before he died; however Guare was hired to update it when the film eventually started production years later. It stars Meryl Streep, Leonardo DiCaprio, Diane Keaton, Robert De Niro, Hume Cronyn, Gwen Verdon, Hal Scardino and Dan Hedaya. Original music for the film was composed by Rachel Portman. Carly Simon wrote and performed the theme song ""Two Little Sisters"", with Meryl Streep adding background vocals.","The musician that composed the original music for the Marvin's room was Rachel Portoman, and Carly Simon wrote and performed the song.",closed_qa What is the capital of Norway and when was it founded?,,Oslo is the capital of Norway. It was founded as a city at the end of the Viking Age in 1040 and was given the name Ánslo in 1048 by Harald Hardrada. Haakon V of Norway declared Oslo the capital around 1300. The city was destroyed by a fire in 1624 and then rebuilt.,open_qa "Given this paragraph, extract a list of names that are playable by the user of this game.","During the single-player campaign, the player controls five different characters from a first-person perspective. The player primarily controls Sergeant Gary ""Roach"" Sanderson, a British member of an international special forces unit named Task Force 141. In addition to Roach, the player will also assume control of Private First Class Joseph Allen (Troy Baker) and Private James Ramirez of the U.S. Army's 1st Battalion/75th Ranger Regiment. The now Captain John ""Soap"" MacTavish (Kevin McKidd) serves as a senior member of Task Force 141, acting as Roach's superior officer and becomes the playable character in the final three missions of the game. Lastly, the player briefly assumes the role of an astronaut stationed on the International Space Station during the height of the war between the United States and Russia. The game's non-playable characters (NPCs) feature prominently in the story: For Task Force 141, Lieutenant Simon ""Ghost"" Riley (Craig Fairbrass), who conceals his face with a skull print balaclava serves as Soap's second in command. For the United States Army Rangers, Sergeant Foley (Keith David), along with his subordinate, Corporal Dunn (Barry Pepper), is initially Joseph Allen's squad leader, and becomes James Ramirez's squad leader later in the story. Lieutenant General Shepherd (Lance Henriksen) is the commander of the United States Army Rangers and Task Force 141. Other supporting characters returning from Call of Duty 4 include Captain John Price (Billy Murray), MacTavish's former commanding officer in the British Special Air Service who was imprisoned in Russia, and Russian informant turned mercenary pilot ""Nikolai"" (Sven Holmberg).","1. Sergeant Gary ""Roach"" Sanderson 2. Joseph Allen 3. James Ramirez 4. John ""Soap"" MacTavish 5. An unnamed astronaut",information_extraction What is Venezuela?,"Venezuela (/ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə/; American Spanish: [beneˈswela] (listen)), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It has a territorial extension of 916,445 km2 (353,841 sq mi), and its population was estimated at 29 million in 2022. The capital and largest urban agglomeration is the city of Caracas.","Venezuela (/ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə/; American Spanish: [beneˈswela] (listen)), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It has a territorial extension of 916,445 km2 (353,841 sq mi), and its population was estimated at 29 million in 2022. The capital and largest urban agglomeration is the city of Caracas. The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Colombia, Brazil on the south, Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east and on the east by Guyana. The Venezuelan government maintains a claim against Guyana to Guayana Esequiba. Venezuela is a federal presidential republic consisting of 23 states, the Capital District and federal dependencies covering Venezuela's offshore islands. Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America; the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the north and in the capital. The territory of Venezuela was colonized by Spain in 1522 amid resistance from indigenous peoples. In 1811, it became one of the first Spanish-American territories to declare independence from the Spanish and to form part, as a department, of the first federal Republic of Colombia (historiographically known as Gran Colombia). It separated as a full sovereign country in 1830. During the 19th century, Venezuela suffered political turmoil and autocracy, remaining dominated by regional military dictators until the mid-20th century. Since 1958, the country has had a series of democratic governments, as an exception where most of the region was ruled by military dictatorships, and the period was characterized by economic prosperity. Economic shocks in the 1980s and 1990s led to major political crises and widespread social unrest, including the deadly Caracazo riots of 1989, two attempted coups in 1992, and the impeachment of a President for embezzlement of public funds charges in 1993. The collapse in confidence in the existing parties saw the 1998 Venezuelan presidential election, the catalyst for the Bolivarian Revolution, which began with a 1999 Constituent Assembly, where a new Constitution of Venezuela was imposed. The government's populist social welfare policies were bolstered by soaring oil prices, temporarily increasing social spending, and reducing economic inequality and poverty in the early years of the regime. However, poverty began to increase in the 2010s. The 2013 Venezuelan presidential election was widely disputed leading to widespread protest, which triggered another nationwide crisis that continues to this day. Venezuela has experienced democratic backsliding, shifting into an authoritarian state. It ranks low in international measurements of freedom of the press and civil liberties and has high levels of perceived corruption. Venezuela is a developing country and ranks 113th on the Human Development Index. It has the world's largest known oil reserves and has been one of the world's leading exporters of oil. Previously, the country was an underdeveloped exporter of agricultural commodities such as coffee and cocoa, but oil quickly came to dominate exports and government revenues. The excesses and poor policies of the incumbent government led to the collapse of Venezuela's entire economy. The country struggles with record hyperinflation, shortages of basic goods, unemployment, poverty, disease, high child mortality, malnutrition, severe crime and corruption. These factors have precipitated the Venezuelan migrant crisis where more than three million people have fled the country. By 2017, Venezuela was declared to be in default regarding debt payments by credit rating agencies. The crisis in Venezuela has contributed to a rapidly deteriorating human rights situation, including increased abuses such as torture, arbitrary imprisonment, extrajudicial killings and attacks on human rights advocates. Venezuela is a charter member of the UN, Organization of American States (OAS), Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), ALBA, Mercosur, Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) and Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI).",information_extraction Extract and list the names of characters a player can control in The Last of Us mentioned in the paragraph. Also describe relationships between those characters.,"The Last of Us is an action-adventure game played from a third-person perspective. The player traverses post-apocalyptic environments such as towns, buildings, forests, and sewers to advance the story. The player can use firearms, improvised weapons, hand-to-hand combat, and stealth to defend against hostile humans and cannibalistic creatures infected by a mutated strain of the Cordyceps fungus. For most of the game, the player takes control of Joel, a man tasked with escorting a young girl, Ellie, across the United States. The player also controls Ellie throughout the game's winter segment and briefly controls Joel's daughter, Sarah, in the opening sequence.","Joel: The man who is controlled by the player most of the game. Ellie: A young girl who is being escorted by Joel across a post-apocalyptic United States. Sarah: Joel's daughter.",information_extraction "Classify each of the following as a band or sports team: Blink 182, Buffalo Bills, ACDC, Rolling Stones, Miami Dolphins, Boston Celtics",,"Blink 182: Band Buffalo Bills: Sports Team ACDC: Band Rolling Stones: Band Miami Dolphins: Sports Team Boston Celtics: Sports Team",classification "Which of these sports are team sports: golf, basketball, boxing, running, cycling, baseball",,"Golf, boxing, running and cycling are individual sports. Basketball and baseball are team sports",classification "Tell me which following countries are in Asia: United States, Canada, Britain, France, Australia, Korea, China, Egypt, Israel, Japan, Brazil",,"Given your list, only Korea, China, and Japan are countries in Asia.",classification What are the major innovations and scientific discoveries from UC Berkeley?,"A number of significant inventions and discoveries have been made by Berkeley faculty members and researchers: Natural sciences Edit Atomic bomb – Physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was wartime director of Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Manhattan Project. Carbon 14 and photosynthesis – Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben first discovered carbon 14 in 1940, and Nobel laureate Melvin Calvin and his colleagues used carbon 14 as a molecular tracer to reveal the carbon assimilation path in photosynthesis, known as Calvin cycle. Carcinogens – Identified chemicals that damage DNA. The Ames test was described in a series of papers in 1973 by Bruce Ames and his group at the university. Chemical elements – 16 elements have been discovered at Berkeley (technetium, astatine, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, lawrencium, rutherfordium, dubnium, and seaborgium). Covalent bond – Gilbert N. Lewis in 1916 described the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, and invented the Lewis notation to describe the mechanisms. CRISPR gene editing – Nobel laureate Jennifer Doudna discovers a precise and inexpensive way for manipulating DNA in human cells. Cyclotron – Ernest O. Lawrence created a particle accelerator in 1934, and was awarded the Nobel Physics Prize in 1939. Dark energy – Saul Perlmutter and many others in the Supernova Cosmology Project discover the universe is expanding because of dark energy 1998. Flu vaccine – Wendell M. Stanley and colleagues discovered the vaccine in the 1940s. Hydrogen bomb – Edward Teller, the father of hydrogen bomb, was a professor at Berkeley and a researcher at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Immunotherapy of cancer – James P. Allison discovers and develops monoclonal antibody therapy that uses the immune system to combat cancer 1992–1995. Molecular clock – Allan Wilson discovery in 1967. Neuroplasticity – Marian Diamond discovers structural, biochemical, and synaptic changes in brain caused by environmental enrichment 1964 Oncogene – Peter Duesberg discovers first cancer causing gene in a virus 1970s. Telomerase – Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak discover enzyme that promotes cell division and growth 1985. Vitamin E – Gladys Anderson Emerson isolates Vitamin E in a pure form in 1952.","Atomic bomb by J. Robert Oppenheimer, carbon 14 and its photosynthesis, covalent bond, cyclotron, and etc.",closed_qa "Classify each of the following as having 2 wheels, 4 wheels, or neither: Car, Tricycle, Bicycle, Motorcycle, Grocery Cart",,"Car: 4 Wheels Tricycle: Neither Bicycle: 2 Wheels Motorcycle: 2 Wheels Grocery Cart: 4 Wheels",classification "Tell me whether these are movies about AI or other topics: , ""Ex Machina"", ""Her"", ""Transcendence"", ""I, Robot"", ""Ghost in the Shell"", ""The Godfather"", ""Pulp Fiction"", ""The Shawshank Redemption"", ""The Dark Knight"", ""12 Angry Men""",,"Out of the ten films you mentioned, only ""Ex Machina"" , ""Her"", ""Transcendence"", ""I, Robot"" and ""Ghost in the Shell"" are about AI.",classification Extract all risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases for which numbers about their contribution are given and rank them by their relative importance.,"The underlying mechanisms for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) vary depending on the disease. It is estimated that dietary risk factors are associated with 53% of CVD deaths. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, excessive alcohol consumption,and poor sleep, among other things. High blood pressure is estimated to account for approximately 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco accounts for 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6%, and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.","1. Dietary Risk Factors 2. High Blood Pressure 3. Tobacco 4. Diabetes 5. Lack of exercise 6. Obesity",information_extraction Give a list of domestic animals can be turned to pets,,dogs cats rabbits parrots pegions etc,brainstorming What does Tianwen means?,,Tianwen means quest for heavenly truth,open_qa What is the best way to teach your kids how to read?,,"The best way to teach your kids how to read is to put them in school. You will also want to spend 20 minutes a day reading with them in the morning or 30 minutes before bed to augment and solidify what they learn at school. Teach your kids how to spell, sentence punctuation, sentence intonation, and how to sound out words they do not know. After reading ask questions about what was read to make sure your child understood what was read. Ask them inference type questions, and questions directly related to what happened in the story.",open_qa Give me a list of the five famous things to see in Nepal,,"1. Pashupatinath Temple 2. Boudhanath Stupa 3. Swayambhunath Temple 4. Kathmandu Durbar Square 5. Sarangkot",brainstorming "Classify these wines in Red or White: Chardonnay ,Cabernet Sauvignon,Moscato, Merlot, Syrah, Malbec, Pinot Noir, Riesling, Sangiovese, Sauvignon Blanc",,"Chardonnay, Moscato, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling are White Wines and Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Malbec, Pinot Noir and Sangiovese are Red Wines",classification Why is my electrical outlet not working?,,"Assuming that outlet has been working fine and there were not recent catastrophic events or construction that has taken place, you likely need to reset the circuit. First check to see if there is an ongoing regional power outage. An easy way to check for this is to see if the power is working elsewhere in your building or neighboring buildings. If the outage is localized to a portion of your building, you may want to check the following: If the outlet is a GFCI, you will need to find the main outlet in the circuit and push the reset button on it. GFCI (or GFI) outlets are common in locations where water is present, for example in kitchens and bathrooms. If the outlet is not a GFCI outlet or if resetting the GFCI outlet had no effect, locate the circuit breaker for your building and check if any of the circuits have been tripped. You can identify a tripped circuit when you open the panel by looking for the one of the circuits in the panel that is not in the same orientation as the others. Fix it by flipping the switch to match the others.",open_qa Give me a comma separated list of nicknames given to Dan Campbell and who gave him the nickname,"Campbell has two children with his wife Holly. Campbell is a noted fan of Metallica, and during his time at Texas A&M, he was nicknamed ""Dantallica"" by his roommate Shane Lechler. He also enjoys country music and classic rock. During his playing career, he was nicknamed ""The Dude"", due to his resemblance to Jeff Bridges' character in The Big Lebowski. Upon joining the Detroit Lions, he gained the nickname ""MC/DC"" by Pat McAfee on his daily podcast. The acronym is short for Motor City Dan Campbell, and also a spoof of and reference to AC/DC.","Nickname,Who gave him the nickname Dantallica,Shane Lechler The Dude,unknown MC/DC (Motor City Dan Campbell),Pat McAfee",information_extraction "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tumba, Villu Paatu",,"Tumba is percussion, Villu Paatu is string.",classification "If you find yourself being pursued by a hungry bear in the woods, label each of these items in your backpack as either 'useful', 'not useful', or 'an unfortunate choice to pack': a fish, a gun, a book, a hamburger.",,"In such a situation, being pursued by a hungry bear in the woods, a fish would be 'not useful', a gun would be 'useful', a book would be 'not useful', and a hamburger would be 'an unfortunate choice to pack'.",classification List of American films of the 1890s,,"List of American films of the 1890s: 1890 - Monkeyshines No. 1 - Monkeyshines No. 2 - Monkeyshines, No. 3 1891 - Dickson Greeting - Newark Athlete 1893 - Blacksmith Scene 1894 - The Dickson Experimental Sound Film - The Barbershop 1896 - Rip's Twenty Years' Sleep - Dancing Darkies - McKinley at Home, Canton, Ohio - The Kiss 1897 - The Corbett-Fitzsimmons Fight - Peeping Tom 1899 - How Would You Like to Be the Ice Man?",brainstorming How many quarters do you need to have three dollars?,,"There are 4 quarters in a dollar, so you need 12 quarters total to make 3 dollars",open_qa Explain Anthropocene to 13-year-old kid,,"The term ""anthropocene"" is informally used in scientific contexts. The Geological Society of America entitled its 2011 annual meeting: Archean to Anthropocene: The past is the key to the future. The new epoch has no agreed start-date, but one proposal, based on atmospheric evidence, is to fix the start with the Industrial Revolution c. 1780, with the invention of the steam engine. Other scientists link the new term to earlier events, such as the rise of agriculture and the Neolithic Revolution (around 12,000 years BP). Evidence of relative human impact – such as the growing human influence on land use, ecosystems, biodiversity, and species extinction – is substantial; scientists think that human impact has significantly changed (or halted) the growth of biodiversity. Those arguing for earlier dates posit that the proposed Anthropocene may have begun as early as 14,000–15,000 years BP, based on geologic evidence; this has led other scientists to suggest that ""the onset of the Anthropocene should be extended back many thousand years"";: 1  this would make the Anthropocene essentially synonymous with the current term, Holocene.",creative_writing "Classify each of the following as either a dog breed or a cat breed: Himalayan, snowshoe, Norwegian Forest, American Eskimo, keeshond, Persian, Jack Russell terrier",,"Dog breed: American Eskimo, keeshond, Jack Russell terrier Cat breed: Himalayan, snowshoe, Norwegian Forest, Persian",classification Give me a list of some quotes from Bhagavad Gita.,,"1. Whatever happened, happened for the good. Whatever is happening, is happening for the good. Whatever will happen, will also happen for the good. 2. Change is the law of The Universe. 3. You are only entitles to the action, never to its fruits. 4. You are what you believe in. You become which you believe you can become. 5. One can destroy the body. The spirit is beyond destruction. No one can being an end to spirit which is everlasting.",brainstorming Who was Catelyn Stark originally betrothed to marry?,,"Catelyn Stark (nee Tully) was supposed to marry Brandon Stark, the heir to Winterfell, but Brandon was killed by the Mad King and instead, Catelyn married the next in line to the Winterfell claim, Eddard Stark.",open_qa What is the population density of Germany?,"Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south; it covers an area of 357,022 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi), with a population of over 84 million within its 16 constituent states. Germany borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr.","The population density of Germany is over 235 people per square kilometer, or over 600 people per square mile",information_extraction Name some of the bravolebrities from The Real Housewives of Potomac,,"Ashley Darby, Gizelle Bryant, Karen Huger, Mia Thornton, Robyn Dixon, Wendy Osefo and Candiace Dillard Bassett",open_qa How can I travel backwards in time?,,"Due to some solutions in general relativity, there are methods that could allow this, most agree the true answer can be found in quantum mechanics or wormholes. Our current ability to understand quantum mechanics or wormholes is insufficient for proper traversal backward in time.",open_qa Write a poem about a cat owner who gets transported to a parallel universe where highly advanced cats keep humans as pets.,,"I’d always been a cat person But ne’er it crossed my mind That one day I’d be whisked off to A world run by felines Though stunned by what I saw at first (Imagine cats in hats!) It wasn’t long before I found I’d have to face some facts For one, the cats were civilized Far more than you or I There was free fish both night and day And many warm spots to lie They’d music made of mewing notes With basso purring too They had sculpture, architecture, (Though furballs were the glue) But one night in my wanderings I heard a fearful cry A half-forgotten human sound The wailing of a child With unease growing in my heart I sought the baleful noise And through a window brightly lit I saw a group of boys The cats were playing with them, yes The way you’d treat a pet But the boys were crying nonetheless Eyes shining big and wet At once I knew what had them down, What necessity they lacked They cried and cried “Mama! Papa!” To home they wanted back When I returned from that strange land And heard my own cat whine The sound of those poor children Echoed deep inside my mind",creative_writing Help summarize Dallas Cowboys,"The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football team based in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. The Cowboys compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) East division. The team is headquartered in Frisco, Texas, and has been played its home games at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas, since its opening in 2009. The stadium took its current name prior to the 2013 season. In January 2020, Mike McCarthy was hired as head coach of the Cowboys. He is the ninth in the team’s history. McCarthy follows Jason Garrett, who coached the team from 2010–2019.","The Cowboys joined the NFL as an expansion team in 1960. The team's national following might best be represented by its NFL record of consecutive sell-outs. The Cowboys' streak of 190 consecutive sold-out regular and post-season games (home and away) began in 2002. The franchise has made it to the Super Bowl eight times, tying it with the Pittsburgh Steelers and Denver Broncos for second-most Super Bowl appearances in history behind the New England Patriots' record 11 appearances. The Cowboys have won eight NFC championships, the most in the conference's history. The Cowboys are the only NFL team to record 20 straight winning seasons (from 1966 to 1985) during which they missed the playoffs only twice (1974 and 1984). In 2015, the Dallas Cowboys became the first sports team to be valued at $4 billion, making it the most valuable sports team in the world, according to Forbes. The Cowboys also generated $620 million in revenue in 2014, a record for a U.S. sports team. In 2018, they also became the first NFL franchise to be valued at $5 billion and making Forbes' list as the most valued NFL team for the 12th straight year.",summarization What is Protestantism and when did it start?,"Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against errors, abuses, and discrepancies. Protestantism emphasizes the Christian believer's justification by God in faith alone (sola fide) rather than by a combination of faith with good works as in Catholicism; the teaching that salvation comes by divine grace or ""unmerited favor"" only (sola gratia); the priesthood of all believers in the Church; and the sola scriptura (""scripture alone"") that posits the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice. Protestants reject the Catholic doctrine of papal supremacy, and have variant views on the number of sacraments, the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, and matters of ecclesiastical polity and apostolic succession. Other Protestant denominations and non-denominational Protestants may be typically unconcerned about most of these theological issues and focus only on their perception of explicit Christian teachings in the Bible itself. The five solae of Lutheran and Reformed Christianity summarize basic theological differences in opposition to the Catholic Church. Today, it is the second-largest form of Christianity, with a total of 800 million to 1 billion adherents worldwide or about 37% of all Christians.",Ali Malekshahi,summarization "Classify the below car manufacturing companies based on their countries of origin (Germany or India). Audi, BMW, Tata Motors, Mahindra and Mahindra",,"Germany - Audi, BMW India - Tata Motors, Mahindra and Mahindra",classification "When will George R.R. Martin release the sixth book in the series ""A Song of Ice and Fire""?",,"No release date has been announced yet for the sixth book titled ""The Winds of Winter."" Author George R.R. Martin previously indicated on various occasions that it would be released in 2016, then 2017, then 2018. In October 2022, he appeared on ""The Late Show with Stephen Colbert"" and said that approximately three-quarters of the novel had been written.",open_qa "Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Chile or Antigua and Barbuda. Concepción, Saint John’s, Santiago, Puente Alto",,"Chile - Santiago, Concepción, Puente Alto Antigua and Barbuda - Saint John’s",classification What are the best books of Dostoyevsky?,,"1. 'Crime and Punishment' 2. 'The Brothers Karamazov' 3. 'The Idiot' 4. 'Demons' 5. ‘Notes from the Underground’",open_qa "If the year is 2020, is the Samsung E1200 still in production?",The Samsung E1200 (also known as Samsung Pusha and Samsung Keystone 2) is a mobile phone made by Samsung. This phone was released in 2012 through Tesco in the UK. It was discontinued in 2015 when the Samsung Guru FM E1202 was released as its successor.,"No, the phone was discontinued in 2015.",information_extraction "In order to perform CPR, identify a useful and dangerous set of rules to follow from the following items: Panic, tap and shout, walk away, look for breathing, get an AED, and push hard/fast to give 30 compressions to the chest.",,"Useful: Tap and shout, look for breathing, get an AED, push hard/fast to give 30 compressions to the chest Dangerous: Panic, walk away",classification What type of rock climbing is best?,,"There are many different types of rock climbing and none of them are ""best"". Bouldering, Sport climbing and trad climbing are the main types. What type that you enjoy the most depends on many factors including how high you want to climb and how much gear you want to use.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about autonomous buildings, why would they be safer during a military attack?","Advocates of autonomous building describe advantages that include reduced environmental impacts, increased security, and lower costs of ownership. Some cited advantages satisfy tenets of green building, not independence per se (see below). Off-grid buildings often rely very little on civil services and are therefore safer and more comfortable during civil disaster or military attacks. For example, Off-grid buildings would not lose power or water if public supplies were compromised.",Autonomous buildings often rely on less civil services and are therefore safer and more comfortable during civil disasters or military attacks.,closed_qa I need to buy a Vinyl record for my friend's birthday. What are some suggestions of classic vinyl records.,,"Here are some classic records that are very popular on Vinyl: Fleetwood Mac - Rumours, Pink Floyd - Dark Side of the Moon, Daft Punk - Random Access Memories, Radiohead - OK Computer, Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band - The Beatles",brainstorming How was art used for manipulative purpose in racial discuss in the 20th century?,"Racial categories have historically been used as a way to enable an oppressive figure or group to discriminate against other groups or individuals which were seen as different from that of the oppressor. In nineteenth and early twentieth century Europe, artwork was a common form of racialization which targeted countries in the Middle East and Asia. The artwork, predominantly paintings, were portrayed in order to instill prejudice in the Western populations through sexualizing and manipulating images. One of the most prominent examples of Orientalist work in art is a piece by Eugène Delacroix titled Women of Algiers in their Apartment. Dating back to 1834, it portrays three women resting in a harem in exotic clothing while an African woman is dressed in plain clothing, depicting her role as a servant. Fine textiles, hookahs, and other paraphernalia adorn the room, which represents a European fantasy of an exotic scene. Attempts to portray these cultures as strange, foreign and exotic through Orientalism led to intolerance towards the Arab and Asian communities in Europe and the United States. Others argue that Delacroix, who travelled in North Africa sketching extensively, was depicting a realistic scene of the era based on his first-hand knowledge and experience. In such an interpretation the clothing, for example, is consistent with the times, as Arab North Africans dressed differently from Europeans, and kept black slaves who would not have been treated as equals.","In the 19th to 20th century, Europeans commonly use artworks to portray prejudice towards Middle Eastern and Asian people.",closed_qa "Classify each activity as athletic or academic: reading, running, studying, jumping, writing, sprinting",,"Reading: Academic Running: Athletic Studying: Academic Jumping: Athletic Writing: Academic Sprinting: Athletic",classification When was the Roman empire founded?,,"The Roman empire was founded after the Republican period in 27BC and went through 1453AD. Some sources claim that the Roman Empire ended in 476AD with the fall of Rome via the Barbarian leader, Odoacer, however this is not true. The Roman empire continued on through the Eastern half of the Roman Empire. The Eastern Roman Empire is commonly referred to as the Byzantines. However, the Byzantines is a modern creation of referring to this Eastern Empire. In fact, all of the way through 1453AD, the people of the Eastern Roman Empire referred to themselves as Romans.",open_qa "Classify each item as being at a playground or a gym: slide, swing, dumbbell, squat rack, seesaw",,"Slide: Playground Swing: Playground Dumbbell: Gym Squat Rack: Gym Seesaw: Playground",classification Please explain about formula1 qualifying.,"Qualifying For much of the sport's history, qualifying sessions differed little from practice sessions; drivers would have one or more sessions in which to set their fastest time, with the grid order determined by each driver's best single lap, with the fastest getting first place on the grid, referred to as pole position. From 1996 to 2002, the format was a one-hour shootout. This approach lasted until the end of 2002 before the rules were changed again because the teams were not running in the early part of the session to take advantage of better track conditions later on. Grids were generally limited to 26 cars – if the race had more entries, qualification would also decide which drivers would start the race. During the early 1990s, the number of entries was so high that the worst-performing teams had to enter a pre-qualifying session, with the fastest cars allowed through to the main qualifying session. The qualifying format began to change in the early 2000s, with the FIA experimenting with limiting the number of laps, determining the aggregate time over two sessions, and allowing each driver only one qualifying lap. The current qualifying system was adopted in the 2006 season. Known as ""knock-out"" qualifying, it is split into three periods, known as Q1, Q2, and Q3. In each period, drivers run qualifying laps to attempt to advance to the next period, with the slowest drivers being ""knocked out"" of qualification (but not necessarily the race) at the end of the period and their grid positions set within the rearmost five based on their best lap times. Drivers are allowed as many laps as they wish within each period. After each period, all times are reset, and only a driver's fastest lap in that period (barring infractions) counts. Any timed lap started before the end of that period may be completed, and will count toward that driver's placement. The number of cars eliminated in each period is dependent on the total number of cars entered into the championship. Currently, with 20 cars, Q1 runs for 18 minutes, and eliminates the slowest five drivers. During this period, any driver whose best lap takes longer than 107% of the fastest time in Q1 will not be allowed to start the race without permission from the stewards. Otherwise, all drivers proceed to the race albeit in the worst starting positions. This rule does not affect drivers in Q2 or Q3. In Q2, the 15 remaining drivers have 15 minutes to set one of the ten fastest times and proceed to the next period. Finally, Q3 lasts 12 minutes and sees the remaining ten drivers decide the first ten grid positions. At the beginning of the 2016 Formula 1 season, the FIA introduced a new qualifying format, whereby drivers were knocked out every 90 seconds after a certain amount of time had passed in each session. The aim was to mix up grid positions for the race, but due to unpopularity, the FIA reverted to the above qualifying format for the Chinese GP, after running the format for only two races. Each car is allocated one set of the softest tyres for use in Q3. The cars that qualify for Q3 must return them after Q3; the cars that do not qualify for Q3 can use them during the race. As of 2022, all drivers are given a free choice of tyre to use at the start of the Grand Prix, whereas in previous years only the drivers that did not participate in Q3 had free tyre choice for the start of the race. Any penalties that affect grid position are applied at the end of qualifying. Grid penalties can be applied for driving infractions in the previous or current Grand Prix, or for changing a gearbox or engine component. If a car fails scrutineering, the driver will be excluded from qualifying but will be allowed to start the race from the back of the grid at the race steward's discretion. 2021 has seen the trialling of a 'sprint qualifying' race on the Saturday of three race weekends, with the intention of testing the new approach to qualifying.","Qualifying split into three period, known as Q1, Q2, and Q3. Q1 - runs 20 cars for 18min. slowest five drivers are eliminated Q2- the remaining 15 drivers have 15 minutes. another five slowest drivers are eliminated Q3 - remaining 10 drivers decide the first 10 grid positions for the race",summarization "Tell me whether these are movies or books: Jurassic, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Angels and Demons",,That is a tricky question to answer because these are both books and movies! I will say that the books mentioned in your question were written before the movies were made.,classification How long has Dataminr been operating and who are their customers?,"Dataminr was founded in 2009 by Yale University graduates Ted Bailey, Sam Hendel and Jeff Kinsey. Dataminr came to wider notice when it issued an alert that Osama bin Laden had been killed 23 minutes faster than major news organizations. In 2014, Datamnr entered into a partnership with CNN and Twitter, resulting in Dataminr for News, a tool to ""alert journalists to information that’s emerging on Twitter in real time."" On December 30, 2019, Dataminr claimed to have detected the first signals of the COVID-19 outbreak within public social media posts.[citation needed] The company went on to detect clusters indicating future spikes in 14 different US states. Seven days later, all 14 states were hit hard by the coronavirus. Dataminr partnered with the UN in May 2019 to equip thousands of UN personnel with Dataminr’s First Alert product for the public sector. Dataminr's social media intelligence contract for the FBI was taken over by Zerofox at the end of 2020. On the morning of January 5, 2021, Dataminr warned Capitol security officials of troubling online public chatter that would soon become the January 6 riot. In July 2021, Dataminr conducted its first M&A transaction when it acquired WatchKeeper, a UK-based geovisualization platform. In the acquisition, Dataminr combined WatchKeeper’s geovisualized data layers with its Pulse platform to provide context around events. A few months later, in October 2021, Dataminr acquired Krizo, a real-time crisis response platform based in Copenhagen, Denmark. The company ranked #5 on the Forbes AI 50 List in 2019 and was the winner of an 2019 AI Breakthrough Award for Best Overall AI Solution. In 2020, Dataminr was named to Forbes Cloud 100, and Deloitte Technology Fast 500, ‘Most Innovative Use of AI’ at the 2020 AI & Machine Learning Awards. In 2020, Dataminr’s AI team had published several papers including, “Unsupervised Detection of Sub-Events in Large Scale Disasters,” for the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence quarterly journal; “Multimodal Categorization of Crisis Events in Social Media,” for Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2020; “Clustering of Social Media Messages for Humanitarian Aid Response during Crisis,” for AI for Social Good, and “The ApposCorpus: A new multilingual, multi-domain dataset for factual appositive generation,” for COLING 2020. In late 2021, the company announced the appointment of Cristina Bita to its board of directors and as chairwoman of the audit committee.",Dataminr was founded in 2009 so it has been operating for 14 years. Dataminr sells to variety of organisations in the public and private sector such as the UN and journalists from new media organisations.,summarization Give me some quotes from Aristotle that I might use in a school assignment,,"1. Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom. 2. No great mind has ever existed without a touch of madness. 3. Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence. 4. Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet. 5. Those who know, do. Those that understand, teach. 6. Learning is not child's play; we can not learn without pain. 7. What is a friend? A single soul dwelling in two bodies. 8. Pleasure in the job puts perfection in the work. 9. It is impossible or not easy to alter by argument what has long been absorbed by habit. 10. Educating the head without educating the heart is no education at all.",brainstorming Is data security an illusion?,"Crypto AG was a Swiss company specialising in communications and information security founded by Boris Hagelin in 1952. The company was secretly purchased for US $5.75 million and jointly owned by the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and West German Federal Intelligence Service (BND) from 1970 until about 1993, with the CIA continuing as sole owner until about 2018. The mission of breaking encrypted communication using a secretly owned company was known as ""Operation Rubikon"". With headquarters in Steinhausen, the company was a long-established manufacturer of encryption machines and a wide variety of cipher devices.",The long answer is yes.,summarization which are the must visit places in India?,"Tourism in India is important for the country's economy and is growing rapidly. The World Travel and Tourism Council calculated that tourism generated ₹13.2 lakh crore (US$170 billion) or 5.8% of India's GDP and supported 32.1 million jobs in 2021. Even though, these numbers were lower than the pre-pandemic figures; the country's economy witnessed a significant growth in 2021 after the massive downturn during 2020. The sector is predicted to grow at an annual rate of 7.8% to ₹33.8 lakh crore (US$420 billion) by 2031 (7.2% of GDP). In October 2015, India's medical tourism sector was estimated to be worth US$3 billion, and it is projected to grow to US$7–8 billion by 2020. In 2014, 184,298 foreign patients travelled to India to seek medical treatment. Over 17.9 million foreign tourists arrived in India in 2019 compared to 17.4 million in 2018, representing a growth of 3.5%. This makes India the 22nd most visited nation in the world and 8th in Asia and Pacific . Domestic tourist visits to all states and union territories numbered 1,036.35 million in 2012, an increase of 16.5% from 2011. In 2012, National Geographic's Traveller magazine named the state Kerala as one of the ""ten paradises of the world"" and ""50 must see destinations of a lifetime"". In 2014, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh were the most popular states for tourists. Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Agra and Jaipur were the five most visited cities of India by foreign tourists during the year 2015. As of 2017, worldwide, Delhi is ranked 28th by the number of foreign tourist arrivals, while Mumbai is ranked 30th, Chennai 43rd, Agra 45th, Jaipur 52nd and Kolkata 90th. The World Economic Forum's Travel and Tourism Development Index 2021, which replaced its previous Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report, ranks India 54th out of 117 countries overall. The last edition of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report, published in 2019, had ranked India 34th out of 140 countries overall. The report ranked the price competitiveness of India's tourism sector 13th out of 140 countries. It mentioned that India has quite good air transport infrastructure (ranked 33rd), particularly given the country's stage of development, and reasonable ground and port infrastructure (ranked 28th). The country also scored high on natural resources (ranked 14th), and cultural resources and business travel (ranked 8th). The World Tourism Organization reported that India's receipts from tourism during 2012 ranked 16th in the world, and 7th among Asian and Pacific countries. The Ministry of Tourism designs national policies for the development and promotion of tourism. In the process, the Ministry consults and collaborates with other stakeholders in the sector including various central ministries/agencies, state governments, union territories and private sector representatives. Concerted efforts are being made to promote niche tourism products such as rural, cruise, medical and eco-tourism. The Ministry of Tourism maintains the Incredible India campaign focused on promoting tourism in India.","In 2012, National Geographic's Traveller magazine named the state Kerala as one of the ""ten paradises of the world"" and ""50 must see destinations of a lifetime"". In 2014, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh were the most popular states for tourists. Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Agra and Jaipur were the five most visited cities of India by foreign tourists during the year 2015. As of 2017, worldwide, Delhi is ranked 28th by the number of foreign tourist arrivals, while Mumbai is ranked 30th, Chennai 43rd, Agra 45th, Jaipur 52nd and Kolkata 90th.",summarization Name all of the NBA Championship teams in history.,,"2021-22 | Finals: Golden State Warriors def. Boston Celtics 4-2 | MVP: Nikola Jokic, Denver Nuggets 2020-21 | Finals: Milwaukee Bucks def. Phoenix Suns 4-2 | MVP: Nikola Jokic, Denver Nuggets 2019-20 | Finals: Los Angeles Lakers def. Miami Heat 4-2 | MVP: Giannis Antetokounmpo, Milwaukee Bucks 2018-19 | Finals: Toronto Raptors def. Golden State Warriors 4-2 | MVP: Giannis Antetokounmpo, Milwaukee Bucks 2017-18 | Finals: Golden State Warriors def. Cleveland Cavaliers 4-0 | MVP: James Harden, Houston Rockets 2016-17 | Finals: Golden State Warriors def. Cleveland Cavaliers 4-1 | MVP: Russell Westbrook, Oklahoma City Thunder 2015-16 | Finals: Cleveland Cavaliers def. Golden State Warriors 4-3 | MVP: Stephen Curry, Golden State Warriors 2014-15 | Finals: Golden State Warriors def. Cleveland Cavaliers 4-2 | MVP: Stephen Curry, Golden State Warriors 2013-14 | Finals: San Antonio Spurs def. Miami Heat 4-1 | MVP: Kevin Durant, Oklahoma City Thunder 2012-13 | Finals: Miami Heat def. San Antonio Spurs 4-3 | MVP: LeBron James, Miami Heat 2011-12 | Finals: Miami Heat def. Oklahoma City Thunder 4-1 | MVP: LeBron James, Miami Heat 2010-11 | Finals: Dallas Mavericks def. Miami Heat 4-2 | MVP: Derrick Rose, Chicago Bulls 2009-10 | Finals: Los Angeles Lakers def. Boston Celtics 4-3 | MVP: LeBron James, Cleveland Cavaliers 2008-09 | Finals: Los Angeles Lakers def. Orlando Magic 4-1 | MVP: LeBron James, Cleveland Cavaliers 2007-08 | Finals: Boston Celtics def. Los Angeles Lakers 4-2 | MVP: Kobe Bryant, Los Angeles Lakers 2006-07 | Finals: San Antonio Spurs def. Cleveland Cavaliers 4-0 | MVP: Dirk Nowitzki, Dallas Mavericks 2005-06 | Finals: Miami Heat def. Dallas Mavericks 4-2 | MVP: Steve Nash, Phoenix Suns 2004-05 | Finals: San Antonio Spurs def. Detroit Pistons 4-3 | MVP: Steve Nash, Phoenix Suns 2003-04 | Finals: Detroit Pistons def. Los Angeles Lakers 4-1 | MVP: Kevin Garnett, Minnesota Timberwolves 2002-03 | Finals: San Antonio Spurs def. New Jersey Nets 4-2 | MVP: Tim Duncan, San Antonio Spurs 2001-02 | Finals: Los Angeles Lakers def. New Jersey Nets 4-0 | MVP: Tim Duncan, San Antonio Spurs 2000-01 | Finals: Los Angeles Lakers def. Philadelphia 76ers 4-1 | MVP: Allen Iverson, Philadelphia 76ers 1999-00 | Finals: Los Angeles Lakers def. Indiana Pacers 4-2 | MVP: Shaquille O’Neal, Los Angeles Lakers 1998-99 | Finals: San Antonio Spurs def. New York Knicks 4-1 | MVP: Karl Malone, Utah Jazz 1997-98 | Finals: Chicago Bulls def. Utah Jazz 4-2 | MVP: Michael Jordan, Chicago Bulls 1996-97 | Finals: Chicago Bulls def. Utah Jazz 4-2 | MVP: Karl Malone, Utah Jazz 1995-96 | Finals: Chicago Bulls def. Seattle SuperSonics 4-2 | MVP: Michael Jordan, Chicago Bulls 1994-95 | Finals: Houston Rockets def. Orlando Magic 4-0 | MVP: David Robinson, San Antonio Spurs 1993-94 | Finals: Houston Rockets def. New York Knicks 4-3 | MVP: Hakeem Olajuwon, Houston Rockets 1992-93 | Finals: Chicago Bulls def. Phoenix Suns 4-2 | MVP: Charles Barkley, Phoenix Suns 1991-92 | Finals: Chicago Bulls def. Portland Trail Blazers 4-2 | MVP: Michael Jordan, Chicago Bulls 1990-91 | Finals: Chicago Bulls def. Los Angeles Lakers 4-1 | MVP: Michael Jordan, Chicago Bulls 1989-90 | Finals: Detroit Pistons def. Portland Trail Blazers 4-1 | MVP: Magic Johnson, Los Angeles Lakers 1988-89 | Finals: Detroit Pistons def. Los Angeles Lakers 4-0 | MVP: Magic Johnson, Los Angeles Lakers 1987-88 | Finals: Los Angeles Lakers def. Detroit Pistons 4-3 | MVP: Michael Jordan, Chicago Bulls 1986-87 | Finals: Los Angeles Lakers def. Boston Celtics 4-2 | MVP: Magic Johnson, Los Angeles Lakers 1985-86 | Finals: Boston Celtics def. Houston Rockets 4-2 | MVP: Larry Bird, Boston Celtics 1984-85 | Finals: Los Angeles Lakers def. Boston Celtics 4-2 | MVP: Larry Bird, Boston Celtics 1983-84 | Finals: Boston Celtics def. Los Angeles Lakers 4-3 | MVP: Larry Bird, Boston Celtics 1982-83 | Finals: Philadelphia 76ers def. Los Angeles Lakers 4-0 | MVP: Moses Malone, Philadelphia 76ers 1981-82 | Finals: Los Angeles Lakers def. Philadelphia 76ers 4-2 | MVP: Moses Malone, Houston Rockets 1980-81 | Finals: Boston Celtics def. Houston Rockets 4-2 | MVP: Julius Erving, Philadelphia 76ers 1979-80 | Finals: Los Angeles Lakers def. Philadelphia 76ers 4-2 | MVP: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Los Angeles Lakers 1978-79 | Finals: Seattle SuperSonics def. Washington Bullets 4-1 | MVP: Moses Malone, Houston Rockets 1977-78 | Finals: Washington Bullets def. Seattle SuperSonics 4-3 | MVP: Bill Walton, Portland Trail Blazers 1976-77 | Finals: Portland Trail Blazers def. Philadelphia 76ers 4-2 | MVP: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Los Angeles Lakers 1975-76 | Finals: Boston Celtics def. Phoenix Suns 4-2 | MVP: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Los Angeles Lakers 1974-75 | Finals: Golden State Warriors def. Washington Bullets 4-0 | MVP: Bob McAdoo, Buffalo Braves 1973-74 | Finals: Boston Celtics def. Milwaukee Bucks 4-3 | MVP: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Milwaukee Bucks 1972-73 | Finals: New York Knicks def. Los Angeles Lakers 4-1 | MVP: Dave Cowens, Boston Celtics 1971-72 | Finals: Los Angeles Lakers def. New York Knicks 4-1 | MVP: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Milwaukee Bucks 1970-71 | Finals: Milwaukee Bucks def. Baltimore Bullets 4-0 | MVP: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Milwaukee Bucks 1969-70 | Finals: New York Knicks def. Los Angeles Lakers 4-3 | MVP: Willis Reed, New York Knicks 1968-69 | Finals: Boston Celtics def. Los Angeles Lakers 4-3 | MVP: Wes Unseld, Baltimore Bullets 1967-68 | Finals: Boston Celtics def. Los Angeles Lakers 4-2 | MVP: Wilt Chamberlain, Philadelphia 76ers 1966-67 | Finals: Philadelphia 76ers def. San Francisco Warriors 4-2 | MVP: Wilt Chamberlain, Philadelphia 76ers 1965-66 | Finals: Boston Celtics def. Los Angeles Lakers 4-3 | MVP: Wilt Chamberlain, Philadelphia 76ers 1964-65 | Finals: Boston Celtics def. Los Angeles Lakers 4-1 | MVP: Bill Russell, Boston Celtics 1963-64 | Finals: Boston Celtics def. San Francisco Warriors 4-1 | MVP: Oscar Robertson, Cincinnati Royals 1962-63 | Finals: Boston Celtics def. Los Angeles Lakers 4-2 | MVP: Bill Russell, Boston Celtics 1961-62 | Finals: Boston Celtics def. Los Angeles Lakers 4-3 | MVP: Bill Russell, Boston Celtics 1960-61 | Finals: Boston Celtics def. St. Louis Hawks 4-1 | MVP: Bill Russell, Boston Celtics 1959-60 | Finals: Boston Celtics def. St. Louis Hawks 4-3 | MVP: Wilt Chamberlain, Philadelphia Warriors 1958-59 | Finals: Boston Celtics def. Minneapolis Lakers 4-0 | MVP: Bob Pettit, St. Louis Hawks 4-0 1957-58 | Finals: St. Louis Hawks def. Boston Celtics 4-2 | MVP: Bill Russell, Boston Celtics 1956-57 | Finals: Boston Celtics def. St. Louis Hawks 4-3 | MVP: Bob Cousy, Boston Celtics 1955-56 | Finals: Philadelphia Warriors def. Ft. Wayne Pistons 4-1 | MVP: Bob Pettit, St. Louis Hawks 1954-55 | Finals: Syracuse Nationals def. Ft. Wayne Pistons 4-3 1953-54 | Finals: Minneapolis Lakers def. Syracuse Nationals 4-3 1952-53 | Finals: Minneapolis Lakers def. New York Knicks 4-1 1951-52 | Finals: Minneapolis Lakers def. New York Knicks 4-1 1950-51 | Finals: Rochester Royals def. New York Knicks 4-3 1949-50 | Finals: Minneapolis Lakers def. Syracuse Nationals 4-2 1948-49 | Finals: Minneapolis Lakers def. Washington Capitols 4-2 1947-48 | Finals: Baltimore Bullets def. Philadelphia Warriors 4-2 1946-47 | Finals: Philadelphia Warriors def. Chicago Stags 4-1",open_qa "Tell which of these musicians is a guitarist or a bassist: Eddie Van Halen, Nikki Sixx, Steve Harris, Billy Sheehan, Steve Vai, Joe Satriani, Matthias Jabs, Jimmy Bain, Mick Mars, Vivian Campbell, Angus Young",,"Eddie Van Halen - Guitarist Nikki Sixx - Bassist Steve Harris - Bassist Billy Sheehan - Bassist Steve Vai - Guitarist Joe Satriani - Guitarist Matthias Jabs - Guitarist Jimmy Bain - Bassist Mick Mars - Guitarist Vivian Campbell - Guitarist Angus Young - Guitarist",classification "If you were the last person on Earth, what thoughts would you leave behind in a diary if future life were to find it?",,"I sit here today writing this diary entry as the last person on Earth. It is a feeling like no other and I can say, never in a million years would I have believed this to be a distinction bestowed upon me. But, here I am... just me and Mother Earth. Idle time is not my friend so I try to stay busy. Today, I am busy reflecting upon my 56 years on Earth and lessons learned. Not just lessons I learned from my personal experience, but what I believe are lessons learned for all mankind. The lessons are clear. And all of the lessons are simple practices that I feel we have drifted away from in our modern day. If I had to summarize all of my learnings into one statement it would read like this... ""Live simply, love, find faith/hope in a higher source, move every day, work hard on relationships and building communities (real and face to face), find time to rest and creating space and be thankful."" That's it! As I said, the lessons are clear. I would like to think that life on Earth will somehow, someway start again and someone will find this diary. And, if that happens, then maybe, just maybe, another human race can benefit from my feelings on life and ""living"".",creative_writing which marathon competition should I run?,,"The world marathon majors are the six most renowned and largest global marathon competitions. The six are: Tokyo Marathon (usually in March), Boston Marathon (usually in early Apr), London Marathon (usually in late Apr), Berlin Marathon (usually in Sep), Chicago Marathon (usually in Apr) and NYC Marathon (usually in Nov). For die-hard marathon runners, it is a dream come true to run all six. Meanwhile, some marathon events are famous for their breathtaking sceneries. For Rome Marathon, you run along cobblestone streets with sights of the Coliseum, St. Peter’s Square, and the Spanish Steps. The Great Wall Marathon in China is one of a kind race as runners climb the steep steps while enjoying the views rather than running on paved road. The Antarctica Marathon could be your most challenging and hard to reach marathon destination.The course is on King George Island. Runners run with penguins, seals and whales as their companions. The Big Sur Marathon in the US has its course on scenic Highway 1, the iconic Bixby Bridge marked the halfway point of the race, where runners can enjoy the unique site and a pianist performance!",brainstorming "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Electro, Black Lightning",,"Electro is Marvel, Black Lightning is DC",classification "Categorize each of the following as reptiles, vegetables or body parts: elbow, iguana, toe, lettuce, broccoli, turtle, shin, eye, okra, alligator, ear, finger, python, anaconda, and cabbage.",,"The reptiles are: iguana, turtle, alligator, python, and anaconda; the vegetables are: lettuce, broccoli, okra, and cabbage; the body parts are: toe, shin, eye, ear and finger.",classification What are some quick vegan meals to make?,,"Peanut butter and jelly sandwich, rice and beans, smashed chickpea avocado sandwich, hummus wrap with veggies, pasta salad, spaghetti, burrito bowl, salad, curry, roasted veggies and tofu",brainstorming "Please tell me if the following cities are in Germany, Austria or Switzerland: Munich, Vienna, Zurich, Dortmund, Lucerne, Bern, Stuttgart, Klagenfurt, Salzburg, Bremen, Geneva, Innsbruck",,"Germany: Munich, Dortmund, Stuttgart, Bremen Austria: Vienna, Klagenfurt, Salzburg, Innsbruck Switzerland: Zurich, Lucerne, Bern, Geneva",classification What was Skippy ( on TV ),,The bush kangaroo,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ilimba, Khim",,"Ilimba is percussion, Khim is string.",classification "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Hedgehog, Sea-monkey",,"Hedgehog is domesticated, Sea-monkey is wild.",classification "Tell me whether these cities are in Italy or Switzerland: Milan, Florence, Zurich, Bern, Lucerne, Rome",,"Milan: Italy Florence: Italy Zurich: Switzerland Bern: Switzerland Lucerne: Switzerland Rome: Italy",classification Give me a list of Serie A winners in the last five years with corresponding points.,,"2021-2022: AC Milan, 86 2020-2021: Inter, 91 2019-2020: Juventus, 83 2018-2019: Juventus, 90 2017-2018: Juventus, 95",brainstorming "I want to go to Europe, which of these cities are in that continent? Lisbon, Barcelona, Paris, Rome, London, Tokyo, New York City, Perth?",,"Lisbon, Barcelona, Paris, Rome and London are in Europe. Tokyo is in Asia, New York City is in North America, and Perth is in Australia.",classification "Given a reference text about Friedrich Rudolf Ludwig Freiherr von Canitz, when and where was he born?","Friedrich Rudolf Ludwig Freiherr von Canitz (27 November 1654 – 11 August 1699) was a German poet and diplomat. He was one of the few German poets of his era that Frederick the Great enjoyed. Biography Canitz was born in Berlin, Brandenburg. He was influenced by Boileau. He attended the universities of Leiden and Leipzig, travelled in England, France, Italy and the Netherlands, and on his return was appointed groom of the bedchamber (Kammerjunker) to Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, whom he accompanied on his campaigns in Pomerania and Sweden. In 1680 Canitz became councillor of legation, and he was employed on various embassies. In 1697 Elector Frederick III made him a privy councillor, and Emperor Leopold I created him a baron of the Empire. Having fallen ill on an embassy to the Hague, he obtained his discharge and died at Berlin in 1699. He wrote verse in a restrained, sober style. He was considered as one of the poets who “produced verse that was specifically aimed at entertaining and flattering princes and high courtiers.” Although he liked making verse in many languages, he never published any of them. Canitz's poems (Nebenstunden unterschiedener Gedichte), which did not appear until after his death (1700), are for the most part dry and stilted imitations of French and Latin models, but they formed a healthy contrast to the coarseness and bombast of the later Silesian poets. A complete edition of Canitz's poems was published by U. König in 1727; see also L. Fulda, Die Gegner der zweiten schlesischen Schule, ii. (1883).","Friedrich Rudolf Ludwig Freiherr von Canitz was born in Berlin on November 27, 1654.",closed_qa What are the main characteristics of a Haiku poem?,"Haiku (俳句, listen (help·info)) is a type of short form poetry originally from Japan. Traditional Japanese haiku consist of three phrases composed of 17 phonetic units (called on in Japanese, which are similar to syllables) in a 5, 7, 5 pattern; that include a kireji, or ""cutting word""; and a kigo, or seasonal reference. Similar poems that do not adhere to these rules are generally classified as senryū. Haiku originated as an opening part of a larger Japanese poem called renga. These haiku written as an opening stanza were known as hokku and over time they began to be written as stand-alone poems. Haiku was given its current name by the Japanese writer Masaoka Shiki at the end of the 19th century. Originally from Japan, haiku today are written by authors worldwide. Haiku in English and haiku in other languages have different styles and traditions while still incorporating aspects of the traditional haiku form. Non-Japanese haiku vary widely on how closely they follow traditional elements. Additionally, a minority movement within modern Japanese haiku (現代俳句, gendai-haiku), supported by Ogiwara Seisensui and his disciples, has varied from the tradition of 17 on as well as taking nature as their subject. In Japanese, haiku are traditionally printed as a single line, while haiku in English often appear as three lines, although variations exist. There are several other forms of Japanese poetry related to haiku, such as tanka, as well as other art forms that incorporate haiku, such as haibun and haiga.",Haiku is a form of poetry which is composed of 17 syllables arranged in a 5 - 7 - 5 pattern. A Haiku includes a seasonal reference.,summarization What are some ways by which humanity could quickly work to cool down the planet to minimize the effects of global warming?,,"One idea humanity to implement to rapidly cool the planet to help minimize the effects of global warming would be to block some or all of the sunlight (UV radiation) hitting the planet from the sun. Sometimes referred to as GeoEngineering, these are projects on a truly planet-size scale. A project like this could, for example, consist of large reflective lightweight solar sails or other loft-able reflective material which could be seeded into the upper atmosphere to reflect some or all of the sunlight back into space. Another Idea would be to create massive and plentiful Co2 scrubbers to remove a noticeable quantity of the greenhouse gas, Co2, which works to reflect and prevent heat from the planet from leaving back out into space. Greatly reducing the quantity of Co2 in our atmosphere would allow more heat to escape the planet and consequently cool it down. Yet another thought might be to artificially and greatly increase the size of our ice caps which would lead to more sunlight being reflected back out into space. Yet another approach could be to mimic nature in prior heavily volcanic periods and inject massive quantities of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere in the hopes of producing conditions that in the past led to mini ice-ages.",brainstorming "Classify each as a chip or a cracker: Goldfish, Doritos, Cheez-It, Cheetos.",,"Crackers are Goldfish and Cheez-it, both being baked snacks. Chips are Cheetos and Doritos.",classification What is Hasora discolor located?,"Hasora discolor, the green awl, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found as several subspecies in Australia (where it is found along the south-eastern coast of New South Wales and the northern Gulf and north-eastern coast of Queensland), the Aru Islands, Irian Jaya, the Kei Islands, Maluku and Papua New Guinea.","Hasora discolor can be found in New South Wales, Australia",closed_qa In the provided text multiple examples of a metric are given. Extract the third example of a metric.,"In mathematics, a metric space is a set together with a notion of distance between its elements, usually called points. The distance is measured by a function called a metric or distance function. Metric spaces are the most general setting for studying many of the concepts of mathematical analysis and geometry. The most familiar example of a metric space is 3-dimensional Euclidean space with its usual notion of distance. Other well-known examples are a sphere equipped with the angular distance and the hyperbolic plane. A metric may correspond to a metaphorical, rather than physical, notion of distance: for example, the set of 100-character Unicode strings can be equipped with the Hamming distance, which measures the number of characters that need to be changed to get from one string to another. Since they are very general, metric spaces are a tool used in many different branches of mathematics. Many types of mathematical objects have a natural notion of distance and therefore admit the structure of a metric space, including Riemannian manifolds, normed vector spaces, and graphs. In abstract algebra, the p-adic numbers arise as elements of the completion of a metric structure on the rational numbers. Metric spaces are also studied in their own right in metric geometry and analysis on metric spaces. Many of the basic notions of mathematical analysis, including balls, completeness, as well as uniform, Lipschitz, and Hölder continuity, can be defined in the setting of metric spaces. Other notions, such as continuity, compactness, and open and closed sets, can be defined for metric spaces, but also in the even more general setting of topological spaces.",The third metric or distance function that was encountered in this example is the Hamming distance. The Hamming distance measures the number of character changes that are needed to transform a given string to another.,information_extraction What are the top 3 TV shows you have binge watched and why?,,"Hands down, my favorite series was The Americans. As someone who grew up in the 1980's, I could identify with the clothing and hair styles, the decor, and the dearth of real-time communication options (no internet, no email, no mobile phones, etc.). The limited communication modes is what led to secret information drop locations in this era, which were a common insurance in the show. But more importantly, I remember the feeling of growing up in the time of the Cold War. We were still having scheduled air raid drills in my grammar school as often as we'd have fire drills! As children, we were convinced that nuclear war was going to happen someday, even if the adults tried to tell us that it wasn't. Growing up about 25 miles from New York City, I was pretty sure that I'd be gone within seconds of a nuclear strike to the city. My next favorite has been Yellowstone. This is a show that seems to appeal to almost everyone because it has plenty of beautiful Western scenes (Montana), family drama, and battles between flawed characters. This series is still ongoing and I can't wait for the next set of episodes to be released! I'd have to say my third favorite is Billions. It's a series from several years ago that we just happened upon. We are in season 2 of 5 or 6 total seasons, and I am riveted by the characters, especially Bobby Axelrod (Ax), and Chuck and Wendy Rhoades. They are all so intense and engrossed in what they do, so it makes for very interesting interactions and plot twists! And I have to give an Honorable Mention to Perry Mason. While this is a very new series, I absolutely love this period drama so far. The creators have based many of the episodes on similar actual events from this period (the 1930s). It is very difficult to watch Della Street, who is insanely smart and charming, be relegated to the 'brains behind the guy' (Perry Mason) because it's the 1930s. Thanks for reading! I enjoyed brainstorming my favorites and sharing them.",creative_writing Describe a recurring dream you've had.,,"Thank you for asking about my dreams. I am a computer model and therefore I do not actually dream myself. I do learn from content and so I know a lot about what kinds of dreams one could have. People often have dreams about their work, their children, losing all of their teeth, and flying. Some of these can be recurring dreams, which means that someone can have the same dream repeatedly. It must be nice to dream.",open_qa Do the new shift rules in Major League Baseball make the game more exciting?,,"Prior to this season, Major League Baseball(MLB) allowed infielders to shift based on who was at bat for the opposing team. The shift simply means that the defending infield could load a certain side of the infield. For example, the shortstop could move to where the 2nd baseman normally is positioned and the 2nd baseman might play in shallow right field. The 3rd baseman would occupy the left side of the infield. The theory behind this shift strategy is based on advanced analytics used in the game of baseball. Using a spray chart to determine where a hitter normally puts a ball in play and with what type of pitch thrown, the defending team would shift to cover more of the playing field and therefore increase the chance the defending team would record an out based on this strategy. It was increasingly used over the last 3-4 years and some argue that employing the shift decreased the number of hits and runs scored during a game. The downstream effect of this made for a lower scoring affair and a less exciting game for a fan base that is increasingly younger and looking for more excitement during baseball games. One argument for allowing the shift is that hitters, being professionals, would adjust and try to beat the shift by hitting a ball away from the shift or hitting to the ""opposite field."" Hitters answer to beating the shift was to increase their launch angle and play for the home run. While the home run was an important run scoring mechanism, MLB decided to outlaw the shift from defensive strategy for the 2023 season. Hitters refusal to adjust to the shift led to this decision by MLB. The concern was games were not action packed enough and ultimately MLB would continue to lose popularity by its younger viewers, opting for other sports like Basketball, Football, or Hockey to spend their money on. No longer can you sift defensive players. The rules for this season are there must be 2 defenders on each side of 2nd base and their feet must be on the infield dirt as the pitch is being delivered. The hope is more hits will be produced, more runs scored, and an increase in fan approval created. The early opinion after the first week of the MLB season is that the games are proving to be faster paced with more runs and all around action created.",creative_writing "What is the total number of geographical entities (states, territories, regions) in Africa?","This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa. It includes both fully recognised states, states with limited or zero recognition, and dependent territories of both African and non-African states. It lists 56 sovereign states (54 of which are member states of the United Nations), two non-sovereign (dependent) territories of non-African sovereign states, and ten sub-national regions of non-African sovereign states. Malta and parts of France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain are located on the African continental plate, some considerably closer to the African mainland than the European mainland but, politically, are generally considered to be European by convention. Egypt, although extending into Asia through the Sinai Peninsula, is considered an African state.","There are 56 sovereign states, 2 non-sovereign states, and 10 regions in Africa. This totals 56 + 2 + 10 = 68 territories.",summarization How spicy is the hottest peppers,,The hottest pepper is the ghost pepper with a measure of a million scoville units.,open_qa How is binary search vs other searching schemes?,"Sorted arrays with binary search are a very inefficient solution when insertion and deletion operations are interleaved with retrieval, taking O(n) time for each such operation. In addition, sorted arrays can complicate memory use especially when elements are often inserted into the array. There are other data structures that support much more efficient insertion and deletion. Binary search can be used to perform exact matching and set membership (determining whether a target value is in a collection of values). There are data structures that support faster exact matching and set membership. However, unlike many other searching schemes, binary search can be used for efficient approximate matching, usually performing such matches in O(log n) time regardless of the type or structure of the values themselves. In addition, there are some operations, like finding the smallest and largest element, that can be performed efficiently on a sorted array. Linear search: Linear search is a simple search algorithm that checks every record until it finds the target value. Linear search can be done on a linked list, which allows for faster insertion and deletion than an array. Binary search is faster than linear search for sorted arrays except if the array is short, although the array needs to be sorted beforehand. All sorting algorithms based on comparing elements, such as quicksort and merge sort, require at least O(nlog n) comparisons in the worst case. Unlike linear search, binary search can be used for efficient approximate matching. There are operations such as finding the smallest and largest element that can be done efficiently on a sorted array but not on an unsorted array. Trees: Binary search trees are searched using an algorithm similar to binary search. A binary search tree is a binary tree data structure that works based on the principle of binary search. The records of the tree are arranged in sorted order, and each record in the tree can be searched using an algorithm similar to binary search, taking on average logarithmic time. Insertion and deletion also require on average logarithmic time in binary search trees. This can be faster than the linear time insertion and deletion of sorted arrays, and binary trees retain the ability to perform all the operations possible on a sorted array, including range and approximate queries. However, binary search is usually more efficient for searching as binary search trees will most likely be imperfectly balanced, resulting in slightly worse performance than binary search. This even applies to balanced binary search trees, binary search trees that balance their own nodes, because they rarely produce the tree with the fewest possible levels. Except for balanced binary search trees, the tree may be severely imbalanced with few internal nodes with two children, resulting in the average and worst-case search time approaching n comparisons. Binary search trees take more space than sorted arrays. Binary search trees lend themselves to fast searching in external memory stored in hard disks, as binary search trees can be efficiently structured in filesystems. The B-tree generalizes this method of tree organization. B-trees are frequently used to organize long-term storage such as databases and filesystems. Hashing: For implementing associative arrays, hash tables, a data structure that maps keys to records using a hash function, are generally faster than binary search on a sorted array of records.Most hash table implementations require only amortized constant time on average.However, hashing is not useful for approximate matches, such as computing the next-smallest, next-largest, and nearest key, as the only information given on a failed search is that the target is not present in any record. Binary search is ideal for such matches, performing them in logarithmic time. Binary search also supports approximate matches. Some operations, like finding the smallest and largest element, can be done efficiently on sorted arrays but not on hash tables. Set membership algorithms: A related problem to search is set membership. Any algorithm that does lookup, like binary search, can also be used for set membership. There are other algorithms that are more specifically suited for set membership. A bit array is the simplest, useful when the range of keys is limited. It compactly stores a collection of bits, with each bit representing a single key within the range of keys. Bit arrays are very fast, requiring only O(1) time.The Judy1 type of Judy array handles 64-bit keys efficiently. For approximate results, Bloom filters, another probabilistic data structure based on hashing, store a set of keys by encoding the keys using a bit array and multiple hash functions. Bloom filters are much more space-efficient than bit arrays in most cases and not much slower: with k hash functions, membership queries require only O(k) time. However, Bloom filters suffer from false positives. Other data structures: There exist data structures that may improve on binary search in some cases for both searching and other operations available for sorted arrays. For example, searches, approximate matches, and the operations available to sorted arrays can be performed more efficiently than binary search on specialized data structures such as van Emde Boas trees, fusion trees, tries, and bit arrays. These specialized data structures are usually only faster because they take advantage of the properties of keys with a certain attribute (usually keys that are small integers), and thus will be time or space consuming for keys that lack that attribute. As long as the keys can be ordered, these operations can always be done at least efficiently on a sorted array regardless of the keys. Some structures, such as Judy arrays, use a combination of approaches to mitigate this while retaining efficiency and the ability to perform approximate matching.","Sorted arrays with the binary search are a very inefficient solution when insertion and deletion operations are interleaved with retrieval. In addition, sorted arrays can complicate memory use especially when elements are often inserted into the array. Binary search is faster than linear search for sorted arrays except if the array is short, although the array needs to be sorted beforehand. Binary search is usually more efficient for searching as binary search trees will most likely be imperfectly balanced, resulting in slightly worse performance than binary search. a data structure that maps keys to records using a hash function, is generally faster than binary search on a sorted array of records.",summarization Give me a list of the last five european golden boots winner And tell me how many goals they scored.,,"1. Robert Lewandowski, 2022-2021, 35 goals 2. Robert Lewandowski, 2021-2020, 41 goals 3. Ciro Immobile, 2020-2019, 36 goals 4. Lionel Messi, 2019-2018, 36 goals 5. Lionel Messi, 2018-2017, 34 goals",brainstorming Who is the greatest quarterback of all time?,,"Tom Brady is widely considered to be the greatest NFL quarterback of all time. He holds the all-time records for Passing Yards, Passing Touchdowns, Completions. Brady also has a record 7 Super Bowl championships, 3 more than any other quarterback and a record unlikely to be broken. He won 6 of these with the New England Patriots, with whom he spent the first 20 years of career. After early-career comparisons to his contemporary rival Peyton Manning, and mid-career comparisons to another all-time great Joe Montana, Brady ended his career as the indisputable Greatest of All Time (GOAT) by playing at an extremely high level for multiple decades.",open_qa What is the most produced airplane in history.,,"The most produced airplane in history is the Cessna 172 with over 44,000 produced. The first was produced in 1956 and production is still ongoing.",open_qa "Categorize each of the following instruments as either string or keyboard: Guitar, Violin, piano, harmonium, cello, accordion, banjo",,"Guitar - String Violin - String piano - keyboard harmonium - keyboard cello - string accordion - keyboard banjo - string",classification Give me a list of Australian Capital cities,,"Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Canberra, Hobart, Adelaide, Perth and Darwin are capital cities in Australia.",brainstorming Which is considered the first human technology?,,Fire,open_qa Write the introduction to a story about a rocket ship on its way to a distant galaxy,,"Deep space. It had been so long since they last had a reference point. How long? Was it days? Weeks? Months? The crew didn't know. They longed for a feature, some contact; a planet, even a small asteroid would do. Deep space is a lonely place. But the thought of the mission and the uniqueness of their experience kept them going. They had travelled further than any crew before. They had left the solar system and were well on their way to Andromeda. They would be the first, they would be the pioneers who discovered new lands for the human race. Days continued to pass - or was it weeks again? They started to hear strange sounds from the ship. Was it mechanical issues? Did they have a visitor? Or was it just their minds turning on them?",creative_writing "Classify these objects as edible or inedible: pizza, slipper, cake, banana, biscuit, shoe, pencil, chalk, soda, juice, television, computer, mirror, cereal, rice",,"These items are edible: pizza, cake, banana, biscuit, soda, cereal, rice These items are inedible: slipper, shoe, pencil, chalk, television, computer, mirror",classification "Tell me whether these are cars or CA Amtrak lines: Tesla Model 3, Capitol Corridor, Chevy Nova, Honda Accord, California Zephyr, Subaru Impreza, Coast Starlight, Pacific Surfliner, San Joaquins",,"The Amtrak routes are the Capitol Corridor, California Zephyr, Coast Starlight, Pacific Surfliner, and San Joaquins, and the cars are the Tesla Model 3, Chevy Nova, Honda Accord, and Subaru Impreza.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Guitaro, Tromboon",,"Tromboon is woodwind, Guitaro is string.",classification What are the different types of loan or mortgage products for home buyers in the U.S.?,,"It is crucial to understand all your financing options when considering buying a new home. Some of the most common loan types for residential home buyers are listed below: 1. Conventional Loans: The most common home loan type that is not insured or guaranteed by the government. While it typically requires 20% down payment, you can put as little as 5% down. 2. VA Loans: This is offered by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs for people who have served in the military as well as their spouses. It requires no down payment and is an amazing option for anyone who is eligible. 3. FHA Loan: A mortgage insured by the Federal Housing Administration. First time home buyers find these loans very attractive due to the small down payment requirements of just 3.5% and the flexible credit requirements. Additionally there are children products to this loan vehicle including the FHA 203k loan which can help those purchasing distressed properties by funding the renovations, within certain predetermined guidelines. 4. Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM): With this product, your interest rate varies over time depending on market and economic conditions. These seem attractive initially as they typically start with lower rates than fixed-rate mortgages but can increase over time. 5. Fixed-Rate Mortgages: This interest rate is locked in at the start of the loan and starts the same throughout the entire term. 7. USDA Loan: Guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and eligible to suburban and rural homebuyers. This loan product also doesn't require down payment and has lower mortgage insurance requirements than an FHA loan While these are the most common loan types, other options tend to appear from time to time. It is important to do your research and pick the product that best suits your individual needs and long-term financial goals. To help better understand these options many aspiring buyers reach out to local loan providers, real estate agents, and brokers.",open_qa "Classify the following foods as Mexican or Italian: Burrito, Pizza, Pasta, Quesadilla, Taco, Gelato",,"Burrito: Mexican Pizza: Italian Pasta: Italian Quesadilla: Mexican Taco: Mexican Gelato: Italian",classification How many campgrounds does Shenandoah National Park have?,,"Shenandoah National Park has five different campgrounds evenly dispersed throughout the park: Mathews Arm, Big Meadows, Lewis Mountain, Loft Mountain, and Dundo Group Campground. Mathews Arm is located in the northern section of the park. Big Meadows Campground is in the central portion of the park and is the most popular one. Lewis Mountain is similarly in the central part of the park, but is smaller, offering more privacy to people. Loft Mountain is the largest campground and is in the southern part of the park. Dundo Group Campground is also small and to the south, but only has group sites and the camp sits on the Appalachian Trail. The campsites offer different amenities such as food storage lockers and trash/recycling collection.",open_qa Give me a list of some nice Vegetarian Indian dishes,,"1. Bhindi Masala: For those who likes Okra or Ladyfinger or would simply would like to experiment with this vegetable, it is a great dish which is not only tasty but healthy as well. 2. Chana Masala: In Hindi, the name for Chickpeas is Chana. It is not only easy to make but also full of proteins. 3. Sabji Jalfrezi: This Indian dish is a mix of all amazing vegetables like carrot, potatoes, beans, peas, etc blended nicely in various herbs and spices. 4. Baingan ka Bharta: Baingan is eggplant. So you might get some idea already about this dish. It is prepared by grilling lightly an eggplant, ideally over a gas or even traditional coal like barbecue and then mincing and cooking it with various spices.",brainstorming "Let's say you have one million dollars, how are you going to invest that?",,"With the current financial climate, I would split it with 30% bond, 30% stock, 20% cash and 20% commodity. That's how I will invest until I see something break due to the persistent interest rate.",creative_writing Summarize the mechanism for conventional superconductors.,"At sufficiently low temperatures, electrons near the Fermi surface become unstable against the formation of Cooper pairs. Cooper showed such binding will occur in the presence of an attractive potential, no matter how weak. In conventional superconductors, an attraction is generally attributed to an electron-lattice interaction. The BCS theory, however, requires only that the potential be attractive, regardless of its origin. In the BCS framework, superconductivity is a macroscopic effect which results from the condensation of Cooper pairs. These have some bosonic properties, and bosons, at sufficiently low temperature, can form a large Bose–Einstein condensate. Superconductivity was simultaneously explained by Nikolay Bogolyubov, by means of the Bogoliubov transformations.","Cooper Pairs - consisting of two lightly attracted electrons - still carry charge, but now act more like bosons than fermions. Unlike fermions, bosons can all behave the exact same. Cooper Pairs all ""acting the same"" is the mechanism of conventional superconductivity.",summarization Name five teams in the Ligue 1 in France.,,"Five teams in League 1 are Lyon, Nice, Marseille, Lens, and PSG.",open_qa Different ways in which you can eat noodles,,"hand, fork, spoon, chopsticks",brainstorming Why is pickleball the greatest sport on the planet?,,"Pickleball is a wonderful sport, though it is arguable if it is the greatest sport on the planet. Pickeball requires little skill to get started, you simply need to be able to hit a ball with a raquet and move around a small court. Pickeball is a cross between ping pong and tennis but is simpler. It gets you moving and is fast-paced without requiring significant kill or practice. Pickleball is a social sport, it is usually played in groups of two or four and people generally play multiple games in a setting.",open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Palaeophis, Giant Tortoise",,"Giant Tortoise is alive, Palaeophis is extinct.",classification When was the the docu-series 'The Circus' created?,"The docu-series premiered on January 17, 2016, and focused on the 2016 U.S. presidential election, January to November. It was renewed for a second season, which premiered on March 19, 2017, and focused on President Trump's first 100 days. It returned on April 15, 2018 for a third season, and focused on the mid-term elections, with CBS News anchor Alex Wagner stepping in as co-host to replace Mark Halperin, who was replaced on January 3, 2018, by the show, after sexual harassment allegations. Jennifer Palmieri joined as guest host beginning October 13, 2019, with season four episode twelve, Desperate Times, Desperate Measures, and joined as a permanent co-host in season 6.",The Circus is an American television documentary series initially following the 2016 presidential race.,closed_qa What are some typical attributes of a tortoiseshell cat?,,"Common attributes of a tortoiseshell (also referred to as ""tortie"") cat include golden eyes, a mottled coat that is mostly black and orange, and pink and/or black leathers. There is also an assumption that tortie cats are sassy, which is referenced as ""tortietude.""",open_qa What was most important invention by Humans?,,"Humans have invented many things and it really depends on each generation what was the most important invention. There are few that come to mind below 1) Fire: Ability to create fire led to significant increase in Humans ability to survive and thrive. 2) Wheel: Ability to create and control wheel led to Humans being able to cover more distances than they previously could do physically. This led to increased ability to hunt and also run away from predators 3) Farming: Ability to Farm food led to Humans not needing to hunt and led to creation of societies that led to more cooperation & more inventions There are many others like Gun, Engine, Drugs, Electricity, Airplanes, Nuclear energy, Computer, iphone.",brainstorming "Based on this passage, what is the median number of people per family in Zangisheh?","Zangisheh (Persian: زنگيشه, also Romanized as Zangīsheh) is a village in Qarah Su Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 153, in 34 families.","This passage does not give enough information to conclude what the median number of people per family in Zangisheh is as it only mentions the total population and number of families. We could calculate the arithmetic mean of the number of people per family from this information by dividing the total number of people by the number of families, but the information in the passage is not sufficient to determine the median number of people per family.",closed_qa "Please write me a short children's bedtime story about a frog, a tree, and the moon. Make the moral of the story about appreciating what you have in life.",,"Once upon a time, there was a Frog. His name was Mr. Wilson. He lived in a small little twig house, on the side of a great big pond. He loved his little house. He especially loved how close he was to the water, which let him go out swimming, searching for yummy bugs to eat. One night he was feeling lonely. It was just him in that tiny little house, by the great big pond. He looked up at the moon and wondered who else lived up there. He said, ""If only I could climb up to the moon, I would find friends and be happy"". Mr. Wilson noticed a grand and towering tree across the river. He thought to himself, ""If I can climb that tree, then I can make it up to the moon!"" So he ventured out on a journey to make it up the tree. He rushed through the tall grass, moving quickly so the cats and dogs would not see him. When he made it to the tree he met an old squirrel friend named Ron. Ron was happy to help Mr. Wilson up the tree. So Mr. Wilson jumped on Ron's back and had a bouncy ride to the top. Mr. Wilson made it to the top, but the tree needed to be taller! He still was so far away from the moon. Mr. Wilson put his head down and started to cry. He said, ""Ron, I can't get to the moon... I'll always be lonely!"". Ron responded, ""Look around Mr. Wilson, can't you see all the friends in the forest. You don't need to go to the moon! There is plenty of fun you can have right here!"". Mr. Wilson had a grand view of the whole forest and saw all the friends he could make. He smiled and was happy. He then knew that all along he had what he needed right where he was. Maybe one day he would make it to the moon, but he didn't need to get there now. He didn't need to get there ever.",creative_writing When did Iranians convert to Islam?,"The Islamization of Iran occurred as a result of the Muslim conquest of Persia in 633–654. It was a long process by which Islam, though initially rejected, eventually spread among the population on the Iranian Plateau. Iranian peoples have maintained certain pre-Islamic traditions, including their language and culture, and adapted them with Islamic codes. These two customs and traditions merged as the ""Iranian Islamic"" identity.","Unlike the popular opinion that Arabs converted Iranians to Islam after defeating the Sasanian Empire, Iranians continued to practice their native religions for many centuries. The conversion to Islam was a slow process which was aided by differentiated tax systems for Muslims and non-muslims.",closed_qa Whats are the 5 best places to visit in late spring months like May?,,"Late spring is the time where the weather opens up and the temperature warms but the schools are still in session, so its one of the best times to visit places that get specially hot or crowded during summer. Here is a list of some of the best places for late spring travels in the continental United States 1. Skagit Valley and Tulip Festival ( Washington) 2. Antelope Canyon (Arizona) 3. Zion National Park, Utah 4. Honolulu, Hawaii 5. Arches National Park, Utah",classification "Extract from the text the main characters in the show Bluey, the relationship to the main character, and list them using bullets in format {character name}: {relationship to Bluey}","The show follows Bluey, an anthropomorphic six-year-old Blue Heeler puppy who is characterised by her abundance of energy, imagination and curiosity of the world. The young dog lives with her father, Bandit; mother, Chilli; and younger sister, Bingo, who regularly joins Bluey on adventures as the pair embark on imaginative play together. Other characters featured each represent a different dog breed. Overarching themes include the focus on family, growing up and Australian culture. The program was created and is produced in Queensland; the culture and lifestyle of Brisbane inspires the show's setting.","- Bluey: self - Bandit: father - Chilli: mother - Bingo: younger sister",information_extraction List terrible things to step on with bare feet.,,"- Lego - Dead mouse - Slug - Dog poop - Matchbox cars - Glass - Rusty Nail - Thumbtack - Ice - Plastic green army men",brainstorming Extract the current points scoring table for current Formula 1's grand prixs in the form of [Place of Finish- Points Scored],"Points system Main article: List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th FL* 25 18 15 12 10 8 6 4 2 1 1 *A driver must finish within the top ten to receive a point for setting the fastest lap of the race. If the driver who set the fastest lap finishes outside of the top ten, then the point for fastest lap will not be awarded for that race. The Formula One trophy given to the winner at the end of the year. Various systems for awarding championship points have been used since 1950. The current system, in place since 2010, awards the top ten cars points in the Drivers' and Constructors' Championships, with the winner receiving 25 points. All points won at each race are added up, and the driver and constructor with the most points at the end of the season are crowned World Champions. Regardless of whether a driver stays with the same team throughout the season, or switches teams, all points earned by them count for the Drivers' Championship. A driver must be classified in order to receive points, as of 2022, a driver must complete at least 90% of the race distance in order to receive points. Therefore, it is possible for a driver to receive points even if they retired before the end of the race. From some time between the 1977 and 1980 seasons to the end of the 2021 season if less than 75% of the race laps were completed by the winner, then only half of the points listed in the table were awarded to the drivers and constructors. This has happened on only five occasions in the history of the championship, and it had a notable influence on the final standing of the 1984 season. The last occurrence was at the 2021 Belgian Grand Prix when the race was called off after just three laps behind a safety car due to torrential rain. The half points rule was replaced by a distance-dependent gradual scale system for 2022.","[1st Place- 25 pts], [2nd place- 20 pts], [3rd place- 15 pts], [4th place- 12 pts], [5th place- 10 pts], [6th place- 8 pts], [7th place- 6 pts], [8th place- 4 pts], [9th place- 2 pts], [10th place- 1 pt]",information_extraction What is the best way to make a camp fire,,"Nothing screams camping out in the wilderness like building a campfire. The memories, conversations, scents, roasted marshmallows, and crackling of the wood are all part of the experience. In order to build a strong campfire, you need to perform the following steps. Step 1. Clear a perimeter that is roughly 12 feet in diameter. Make sure you are in an open area, where tree limbs are not hanging over the campfire to avoid secondary fires. Before you start the fire, get all of the necessary components such as dry kindle/twigs, larger sticks, and larger logs, paper, and lighter Step 2. Build a small tepee shape with the dry kindle and dry small logs. I would recommend adding paper with the kindle to assist in starting the fire. Step 3. Stack larger sticks around the teepee structure in a square formation. Build up multiple levels, so the square structue is higher than the teepee. This will help the fire expand and spread to the surrounding structure. Step 4. Light the paper in the teepee with a match or lighter, and watch the dry kindle start to catch. At this early stage, you will most likely see smoke. You may need to blow on the teepee structure lightly in order to add some oxygen to the fire and help it catch to the larger sticks square structure. Step 5. Once the square structure begins to light, start to add larger logs diagonally across the structure. The diagonal formation will fuel the fire, and expand upwards . Step 6. Keep adding larger logs to maintain the fire. With the prior kindle, sticks, and logs already hot, adding the new larger logs will burn quickly and self ignite. Step 7. When you are done enjoying the fire, have a couple of buckets of water nearby to extinguish it. Do not leave the campfire unattended as the hot coals and wind could cause a unintended spread.",creative_writing What is the best Florida Key,,"There are so many keys in Florida to choose from! If you are looking for lively nightlife, you want to check out Key West, as that is the busiest and most traveled Florida Key. If you would like something a bit more low-key but still with plenty to do, Key Largo or Marathon Key may be a better fit. Any Florida Key has plenty to do, and they are all close together and easy to drive between so you could visit many different locations while you are there.",creative_writing What is the difference between AWD and 4WD?,,"AWD is a system that without driver intervention, shifts power between the rear and front wheels. This system is typically found on light-duty SUVs or passenger cars. The AWD drive system is designed for mild inclement weather conditions such as light snow, ice and rain. It is not designed for off-roading or severe weather conditions such as heavy snow or mud. This is where the 4WD system comes into the picture. 4WD is a system that includes a transfer case that directly applies power to the rear axle, both front and rear axles and in some cases, only to the front axle. In addition, some 4WD systems include lower gear ratio options, locking hubs and lockers in the axles that force an equal amount of power to each wheel. All this taken together enables a 4WD system to enable a vehicle to navigate through deep snow, mud, over rocks and other obstacles with ease. The 4WD system is most commonly found on trucks, Jeeps and other purpose-built vehicles designed for heavy-duty use, whether for work or pleasure.",open_qa "What are your views on the ""First Principles"" by ""Thomas E. Ricks""",,"1. The author has very nicely articulated how our founders fought for independence and founded US constitution. It also looks into how they were influenced by Greek and Roman history in shaping the future US. Definitely worthwhile and well beyond a refresher, filled with interesting bits, especially early on about Washington's role in the French and Indian war, also the role of the Scottish educators in the early American colleges.",creative_writing What is the best time of the year to visit Paris?,,"Paris is well known as a global centre of art, culture, fashion, and gastronomy. But what it really stands out for are the amazing landmarks such as Louvre Museum, Eiffel Tower, the Gothic Notre-Dame cathedral, the Versailles palace, or Basilica of Sacre-Coeur. While you will enjoy visiting these any time of the year, walking down the Avenue des Champs-Elysees is certainly most enjoyable during spring and summer.",open_qa "Given a reference text about Elk Grove, what state is it located in and about how many people live there?","Elk Grove is a city in Sacramento County, California, United States. Located just south of the state capital of Sacramento, it is part of the Sacramento–Arden-Arcade–Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 Census, the population of the city was 176,124. A 2021 Census estimate puts the population of the city at 178,997. Elk Grove has many wineries, wine cellars, and vineyards. Elk Grove was the fastest-growing city in the U.S. between July 1, 2004, and July 1, 2005, and is also presently the second-largest city in Sacramento County by population. The City of Elk Grove became the first city in California to be incorporated in the 21st century. It is a general law city with a council/manager form of government. One of Elk Grove's largest employers is the Elk Grove Unified School District, which is the city's second largest employer.","Elk Grove is a city in California and has a population of about 180,000.",closed_qa Who are some of the top goal scorers of all time for Manchester City?,,"Some of the top goal scorers of all time for Manchester City are Sergio Aguero, Eric Brook, Tommy Johnson, Colin Bell, and Joe Hayes.",open_qa Show me general reviews received for game Meat Puppet using given text as a reference,"Next Generation reviewed the game, rating it three stars out of five, and stated that ""Meat Puppet is the sort of game that keeps you playing just to see what happens next, so it's probably best not to give away anything else. With better control, it would have rated a star higher, no question. As it is, the gameplay is just solid enough to let you keep coming back."" Siew-Ching Goh for Australian newspaper The Age said ""why set your heart on a showdown when the more likely outcome is being late for the appointment? You'll still have a lot of fun, anyway, running around with Lotos.""","1. The game received a three out of five star review from Next Generation, who also noted that ""Meat Puppet is the kind of game that keeps you playing just to see what happens next, so it's probably best not to give away anything else."" 2. Without a doubt, it would have received a higher rating with better control. The gameplay is currently just reliable enough to keep you coming back. 3. ""Why set your heart on a showdown when the more likely outcome is being late for the appointment?,"" wrote Siew-Ching Goh for the Australian publication The Age. You'll still have a great time playing with Lotos, though.",summarization "Classify the following bools as fiction or non-fiction: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, Economics in One Lesson, The Cat in the Hat, A Brief History of Time, Democracy In America, and Goodnight Moon.",,"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, The Cat in the Hat, and Goodnight Moon are all fiction books. Economics in One Lesson, A Brief History of Time, and Democracy In America are all non-fiction.",classification What are the 3 laws of motion that Newton defined?,"Newton's laws of motion are three basic laws of classical mechanics that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it. These laws can be paraphrased as follows: A body remains at rest, or in motion at a constant speed in a straight line, unless acted upon by a force. When a body is acted upon by a force, the time rate of change of its momentum equals the force. If two bodies exert forces on each other, these forces have the same magnitude but opposite directions. The three laws of motion were first stated by Isaac Newton in his Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), originally published in 1687. Newton used them to investigate and explain the motion of many physical objects and systems, which laid the foundation for classical mechanics. In the time since Newton, the conceptual content of classical physics has been reformulated in alternative ways, involving different mathematical approaches that have yielded insights which were obscured in the original, Newtonian formulation. Limitations to Newton's laws have also been discovered; new theories are necessary when objects move at very high speeds (special relativity), are very massive (general relativity), or are very small (quantum mechanics).","1. A body remains at rest, or in motion at a constant speed in a straight line, unless acted upon by a force. 2. When a body is acted upon by a force, the time rate of change of its momentum equals the force. 3. If two bodies exert forces on each other, these forces have the same magnitude but opposite directions",information_extraction "Which of the following car brands produce electric vehicles: Toyota, Tesla, and Ford. List the models that are electric.",,"There are a few types of electric vehicles: battery electric vehicle (BEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). Toyota produces the Prius which is a HEV with an PHEV variant, they also produce the bZ4X a fully battery electric crossover. Tesla solely produces battery electric vehicles with their Model 3, Model S, Model X, and Model Y models. Ford produces the Mustang Mach-e and F-150 Lightning as fully battery electric vehicles.",classification Can you think of some different cities on the American West coast?,,"Seattle, Portland, San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego",brainstorming Extract the most commonly used term to describe bitcoin and simplify it in one sentence,"Bitcoin is a protocol which implements a highly available, public, permanent, and decentralized ledger. In order to add to the ledger, a user must prove they control an entry in the ledger. The protocol specifies that the entry indicates an amount of a token, bitcoin with a minuscule b. The user can update the ledger, assigning some of their bitcoin to another entry in the ledger. Because the token has characteristics of money, it can be thought of as a digital currency.",Bitcoin is basically a secure way to maintain a virtual ledger,information_extraction "Which of the following are ice cream toppings and which are salad dressings: thousand island, chocolate sauce, hot fudge, balsamic vinaigrette, whipped cream, and Caesar.",,"The ice cream toppings are chocolate sauce, hot fudge, and whipped cream. The salad dressings are thousand island, balsamic vinaigrette, and Caesar.",classification "Give me a list of the top ten movies, according to IMDb ratings.",,"1. The Shawshank Redemption (1994), 9.2 points 2. The Godfather (1972) 9.2 points 3. The Dark Knight (2008), 9.0 points 4. The Godfather Part II (1974), 9.0 points 5. 12 Angry Men (1957), 9.0 points 6. Schindler's List (1993), 8.9 points 7. The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), 8.9 points 8. Pulp Fiction (1994), 8.8 points 9. The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), 8.8 points 10. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966), 8.8 points",brainstorming Given this paragraph about the Mercury Seven. Who did not survive to reach retirement and what was the cause of their death?,"The Mercury Seven were the group of seven astronauts selected to fly spacecraft for Project Mercury. They are also referred to as the Original Seven and Astronaut Group 1. Their names were publicly announced by NASA on April 9, 1959; these seven original American astronauts were Scott Carpenter, Gordon Cooper, John Glenn, Gus Grissom, Wally Schirra, Alan Shepard, and Deke Slayton. The Mercury Seven created a new profession in the United States, and established the image of the American astronaut for decades to come. All of the Mercury Seven eventually flew in space. They piloted the six spaceflights of the Mercury program that had an astronaut on board from May 1961 to May 1963, and members of the group flew on all of the NASA human spaceflight programs of the 20th century – Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and the Space Shuttle. Shepard became the first American to enter space in 1961, and later walked on the Moon on Apollo 14 in 1971. Grissom flew the first crewed Gemini mission in 1965, but died in 1967 in the Apollo 1 fire; the others all survived past retirement from service. Schirra flew Apollo 7 in 1968, the first crewed Apollo mission, in Grissom's place. Slayton, grounded with an atrial fibrillation, ultimately flew on the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project in 1975. The first American in orbit in 1962, Glenn flew on the Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998 to become, at age 77, the oldest person to fly in space at the time. He was the last living member of the Mercury Seven when he died in 2016 at age 95.",Only Gus Grissom did not survive to reach retirement. All others survived past retirement from service. The cause of his death is the Apollo 1 fire.,closed_qa What are different ways of data collection?,,"Gathering data can be accomplished through a primary source (the researcher is the first person to obtain the data) or a secondary source (the researcher obtains the data that has already been collected by other sources, such as data disseminated in a scientific journal). Data analysis methodologies vary and include data triangulation and data percolation. The latter offers an articulate method of collecting, classifying, and analyzing data using five possible angles of analysis (at least three) to maximize the research's objectivity and permit an understanding of the phenomena under investigation as complete as possible: qualitative and quantitative methods, literature reviews (including scholarly articles), interviews with experts, and",open_qa Write an email to Visa alerting them that I am no longer interested in the position I’m interviewing for since I have accepted another offer. I have a lot of respect for the company and their employee experience is high!,,"Thank you so much for this opportunity to continue interviewing! I have really enjoyed getting to know Visa more during this process, but unfortunately must remove myself from the candidate pool at this time. As I shared earlier, I had competing offers with earlier timelines. This in no way reflects my interest in Visa-- now is such an amazing time to join a function and company in the midst of transformation. It is also so heartening to hear how positive the employee experience is. This is to say that I sincerely hope to stay in touch and that our paths can cross again later down the line. Thanks again for your coordination!",creative_writing "Classify these vehicles by which go in the water or on land: dune buggy, cruise ship, pirate ship, bulldozer, submarine, sailboat, truck, car, ATV",,"Water: cruise ship, pirate ship, submarine, sailboat Land: dune buggy, bulldozer, truck, car, ATV",classification "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Wheelharp, Clarinet",,"Wheelharp is string, Clarinet is woodwind.",classification Imagine you have to spend a week on a deserted island. What are 5 items you'd bring with you and why?,,"If I was stranded on a deserted island for a week the first thing I'd be sure to pack is sun screen! My biggest fear would be exposure to the elements while trying to forage for food, build a shelter and come up with a game plan to be rescued. My 2nd item would be some form of fishing tackle, I assume the easiest thing to catch out in the middle of the ocean would be fish. I'd be sure to bring plenty of hooks, line and artificial lures in my tackle box. The 3rd item I'd be sure to pack would be a fire-starter. I would choose this over matches because flint/steel work while wet where matches become useless pretty quickly when wet. The 4th item I'd bring would be a guitar, there's something very relaxing and peaceful about music while you're alone and I imagine it would help pass the time. The last item I would bring would be a picture of my family. That would keep me going in even the darkest of times. When the fish aren't biting or the weather isn't cooperating - knowing I have a lovely family to get back home to would provide all the motivation in the world to keep fighting!",creative_writing When is Croatian Independence Day?,"The Croatian referendum on independence was held in May 1991, with 93% of voters supporting independence. On 25 June, the Croatian Parliament (Sabor) proclaimed Croatian independence. Seven days later, on 7 July, Croatia and Slovenia both signed the Brioni Declaration, in which the two countries agreed to suspend all declarations and acts passed by the Croatian and Slovenian parliaments related to those states' secession from Yugoslavia for a period of three months. During that time, the Croatian War of Independence started. On 8 October, the Croatian Parliament decided to end relations with Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, in the Decision on the termination of the state and legal ties with other republics and provinces of Yugoslavia. That session was not held in the House of Parliament but instead in the basement of an INA building, because of the possibility of the repeat of an incident such as the bombing of Banski dvori. The Government of Ivica Račan moved the Independence Day to 8 October in 2002, and 25 June was marked as a memorial day (working) under the name Statehood Day. On 14 November 2019, the Croatian Parliament adopted a new law on holidays, and moved Independence Day back to 25 June. Previous date, 8 October, became a working memorial day under the name Day of the Croatian Parliament..","Croatian Independence Day (Dan Neovisnosti) is celebrated on June 25th. The holiday was established in 2001, but was celebrated on October 8th from 2002 to 2019 which was the day in 1991 when Croatian Parliament declared to end relations with all of the Socialist Republics of Yugoslavia. June 25th, 1991 was the day when Croatian Parliament declared independence from Socialist Federal Republics of Yugoslavia.",information_extraction What is the best time to study,,Morning. Because your mind will be fresh,brainstorming "Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Lancia, Tesla",,"Tesla is American, Lancia is Italian",classification "classify each of the following as living or non-living: dog, table, cat, tree, pen, book.",,"living: dog, cat, tree non-living: table, pen, book",classification What is it like to own a dog that sheds everywhere?,,"A dog that sheds everywhere is quite a way to live. You wake up with fur in your mouth. Then when you make the bed, fur flies everywhere. You go to get changed and there is fur all over your clothing. When you brush your teeth, you notice fur in your toothbrush. When you're finally ready for the day, you spend a few extra minutes brushing fur off your clothing and vacuuming up behind you before you start your day. Finally, everything you do in the house likely has fur in it so you just get used to it and learn to live with your fur baby.",creative_writing What is a bear in finance?,,A bear is someone who expects share prices to fall in the future and sells shares now so that they can buy them back later at a lower price.,open_qa What are the disadvantages of Linux?,,"The disadvantages of Linux include limited hardware support, a steep learning curve, lack of commercial support, and compatibility issues.",open_qa "Tell me which of the following countries as considered SAARC countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, United States of America, United Kingdom, China, Singapore",,"Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan and India are part of the SAARC eight member countries. United States of America, United Kingdom, China and Singapore are not affiliated to SAARC countries.",classification Give me a list of 5 neglected tropical diseases,,"Ascariasis, Lymphatic filariasis, Trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis, Onchocerciasis",open_qa Give me a list of the venues that were used for the US Open Golf tournament through the years 1991 - 1995,,"1991 - Hazeltine National Golf Club 1992 - Pebble Beach Golf Links 1993 - Baltusrol Golf Club (Lower Course) 1994 - Oakmont Country Club 1995 - Shinnecock Hills Golf Club",brainstorming Which one is good for health coffee or tea,,"Both coffee and tea are not good for health but overall when you compare coffee with tea, tea is little better than coffee as coffee contains more caffeine content than tea. Drinking both should be limited to 1-2 times per day as anything over consuming is not good for health.",open_qa "Can you use logistic regression and linear regression methods interchangeably? If yes, in what scenarios?",,"Even if the target is binary, we can still use linear regression models if the importance of the model is just predicting the ranking estimates. Let us take an example where your manager wants you to find the top 20% or 30% of your customers based on who is likely to respond for an e-mail offer. You don’t need to predict who is going to respond and who is not going to respond. In this case, you need to rank order your customers with most probability of response to least probability of response and give your manager the top 20 or 30%. So in this case, y or the dependent variable is just the logit score or the ranking estimates. However, if the idea is to predict the decisions (i.e. classification of the predicted rankings into decisions) then we need the logistic regression model to calculate the prediction estimates based on the logistic function which uses the logit score. Then using an appropriate threshold value, these prediction estimates can be converted to decisions.",brainstorming Who did Stafford throw touchdown passes to in Super Bowl LV?,"Against the Cincinnati Bengals in Super Bowl LVI, Stafford and the Rams came away victorious on their home field with a final score of 23–20. Scoring started early in the first quarter thanks to a long drive that culminated in a Odell Beckham Jr. touchdown reception. The Bengals managed a field goal to make the score 7–3. Stafford then tossed another touchdown to wide receiver Cooper Kupp on the next possession to extend the lead to 13–3. On the first play of the second half, however, the Bengals retook the lead, 17–13. After field goals by both teams, the Rams trailed by a score of 20–16 in the fourth quarter. Stafford orchestrated a drive in the final minutes that ended with another touchdown pass to Kupp to regain the lead at 23–20. Overall, Stafford completed 26 of his 40 pass attempts for 283 yards, three passing touchdowns, and two interceptions as he earned his first championship ring in his first season with the Rams.","The text provided does not mention information about Super Bowl LV. However, it does provide information regarding Super Bowl LVI. In Super Bowl LVI, Stafford threw 3 touchdown passes, two to Cooper Kupp and one to Odell Beckham Jr. In the first quarter, Stafford led a long drive that culminated in a Odell Beckham Jr. touchdown reception. Stafford later tossed a touchdown to wide receiver Cooper Kupp. In the fourth quarter, Stafford orchestrated a drive in the final minutes that ended with another touchdown pass to Kupp.",closed_qa What are the words of House Tallhart?,,"""Proud and Free""",open_qa "Classify the following as a mountain range, river or volcano: andes, sierra nevada, yangtze, brahmaputra, krakatoa, mt fuji, himalayas, atlas, lena, rhine, kilimanjaro, arkansas, ohio, vesuivus, mt st helens, caucusus",,"Mountain range: andes, himlayas, atlas, caucusus River: Yangtze, brahmaputra, arkansas, ohio, lena, rhine Volcano: Krakatoa, mt fuji, kilimanjaro, vesuvius, mount st helens",classification What are Gummi Bears called in England?,,Jelly Babies are what people call Gummi Bears in England,open_qa What are different types of grass?,,"There are more than 12,000 species of grass. The most common is Kentucky Bluegrass, because it grows quickly, easily, and is soft to the touch. Rygrass is shiny and bright green colored. Fescues are dark green and shiny. Bermuda grass is harder but can grow in drier soil.",brainstorming Will AI replace all human beings?,,"When I was writing down those words used to train an AI model, I feel funny. Some of my friends expressed concern that AI could soon replace humans and take away all of our jobs. However, I see things differently. I believe that AI has the potential to develop rapidly, and I'm excited to see how it will transform the world in my lifetime. If AI can create more resources, we may be able to live more comfortably and work fewer hours. This could allow us to pursue our passions and interests without worrying so much about survival. Additionally, in the future, humans may be able to live alongside AI, which mean live more longer and stronger.",brainstorming Who is best Michael Schumacher or Hamilton,,Michael Schumacher is the best player in the world.The time he drove the car is more dangerous and was not regulated like the modern F1,brainstorming In what year was the Oakland Ski Club founded?,,OSC was founded in 1941.,open_qa Make a bullet list of 5 gifts you can give someone for Valentine's Day,,"- Chocolates - Bouquet of Roses - Stuffed animal - Heart shaped balloon - Personalized Card",brainstorming Extract the names of individuals in the passage who have eponymous laws.,"This list of eponymous laws provides links to articles on laws, principles, adages, and other succinct observations or predictions named after a person. In some cases the person named has coined the law – such as Parkinson's law. In others, the work or publications of the individual have led to the law being so named – as is the case with Moore's law. There are also laws ascribed to individuals by others, such as Murphy's law; or given eponymous names despite the absence of the named person.","Parkinson, Moore, and Murphy are listed as examples of individuals who have an eponymous law.",information_extraction Give me some places to visit with a 8 year old kid,,"Here are some places you can take a 8 year old kid Zoos Parks Beaches Aquarium Museums Short hiking trails Amusement parks Trampoline parks Restaurants with indoor play area Arcade Lazer tag Library Bowling Paint ball",brainstorming What are the primary ingredients and spices that go into Greek cooking?,,"1) Salt 2) Pepper 3) Extra virgin olive oil 4) Fresh oregano 5) Lemon juice 6) Garlic Technique matters; however, the addition of these six ingredients to any dish will give it a Greek cuisine flavor",brainstorming Give me some facts about Ethiopia?,,"Ethiopia is a federal parliamentary republic with a population of 113,656,596 people, as of 2021 (World factbook). The country is led by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who came to power in 2018. Voting is allowed for citizens over 18 years of age, but it is not mandatory. Despite its leadership in government, Ethiopia faces significant issues with corruption. According to a corruption scale, the country ranks 129th out of 180 countries, with bribery being a common occurrence in government affairs. Agriculture is a major part of Ethiopia's economy, with 38.5 million hectares of land being cultivated in 2020(World factbook). The major crops grown in the country include coffee, pulses, oilseeds, cereals, potatoes, sugarcane, and vegetables. Approximately 80% of Ethiopia's population resides in rural areas due to the need for farming, while the remaining 20% lives in urban areas.",open_qa "Tell me whether each animal lives in the water or on land: moose, mountain goat, tuna, oyster, parrot",,"Moose: Land Mountain Goat: Land Tuna: Water Oyster: Water Parrot: Land",classification Tell me how many final fours purdue has been to and whether or not they have won any championships,"The Purdue Boilermakers basketball team is a men's college basketball program that competes in NCAA Division I and is a member of the Big Ten Conference. Purdue basketball holds the most Big Ten regular season championships, with 25. Purdue also holds a winning record against all other Big Ten schools in head-to-head match ups. The Boilermakers have reached two NCAA Tournament Final Fours and one championship game, but have not won an NCAA Championship. The 1931–32 team was retroactively named a national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation and the Premo-Porretta Power Poll. Purdue has sent more than 30 players to the NBA, including two overall No. 1 picks in the NBA draft. Purdue has one main rivalry against the Indiana Hoosiers (see Indiana–Purdue Rivalry).","The Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball team has reached two NCAA Tournament Final Fours. While they have not won any national championships, they were retroactively named a national champion in 1932. They have also won 25 Big Ten regular season championships.",information_extraction Give me a bulleted list of 3 books Thomas Sowell has written and what they are about.,"Until the spring of 1972, Sowell was a registered Democrat, after which he then left the Democratic Party and resolved not to associate with any political party again, stating ""I was so disgusted with both candidates that I didn't vote at all."" Though he is often described as a black conservative, Sowell said, ""I prefer not to have labels, but I suspect that 'libertarian' would suit me better than many others, although I disagree with the libertarian movement on a number of things."" He has been described as one of the most prominent advocates of contemporary classical liberalism along with Friedrich Hayek and Larry Arnhart. Sowell primarily writes on economic subjects, generally advocating a free market approach to capitalism. Sowell opposes the Federal Reserve, arguing that it has been unsuccessful in preventing economic depressions and limiting inflation. Sowell described his study of Karl Marx in his autobiography; as a former Marxist who early in his career became disillusioned with it, he emphatically opposes Marxism, providing a critique in his book Marxism: Philosophy and Economics (1985). Sowell has also written a trilogy of books on ideologies and political positions, including A Conflict of Visions, in which he speaks on the origins of political strife; The Vision of the Anointed, in which he compares the conservative/libertarian and liberal/progressive worldviews; and The Quest for Cosmic Justice, in which, as in many of his other writings, he outlines his thesis of the need felt by intellectuals, politicians, and leaders to fix and perfect the world in utopian and ultimately, he posits, disastrous fashions. Separate from the trilogy, but also in discussion of the subject, he wrote Intellectuals and Society, building on his earlier work, in which he discusses what he argues to be the blind hubris and follies of intellectuals in a variety of areas. His book Knowledge and Decisions, a winner of the 1980 Law and Economics Center Prize, was heralded as a ""landmark work,"" selected for this prize ""because of its cogent contribution to our understanding of the differences between the market process and the process of government."" In announcing the award, the centre acclaimed Sowell, whose ""contribution to our understanding of the process of regulation alone would make the book important, but in reemphasizing the diversity and efficiency that the market makes possible, work goes deeper and becomes even more significant."" Friedrich Hayek wrote: ""In a wholly original manner [Sowell] succeeds in translating abstract and theoretical argument into highly concrete and realistic discussion of the central problems of contemporary economic policy."" Sowell opposes the imposition of minimum wages by governments, arguing in his book Basic Economics that ""Unfortunately, the real minimum wage is always zero, regardless of the laws, and that is the wage that many workers receive in the wake of the creation or escalation of a government-mandated minimum wage, because they either lose their jobs or fail to find jobs when they enter the labor force."" He goes further to argue that minimum wages disproportionately affect ""members of racial or ethnic minority groups"" that have been discriminated against. He asserts that ""Before federal minimum wage laws were instituted in the 1930s, the black unemployment rate was slightly lower than the white unemployment rate in 1930. But then followed the Davis-Bacon Act of 1931, the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) of 1933 and the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938 – all of which imposed government-mandated minimum wages, either on a particular sector or more broadly... By 1954, black unemployment rates were double those of whites and have continued to be at that level or higher. Those particularly hard hit by the resulting unemployment have been black teenage males."" Sowell also favors decriminalization of all drugs. He opposes gun control laws, arguing, ""On net balance, they do not save lives, but cost lives.""[","The following are the names and overviews of three books Thomas Sowell has written: - Knowledge and Decisions: This book discusses the differences between market and government processes - The Vision of the Anointed: This book compares conservative and liberal worldviews - A Conflict of Visions: This book reviews the origins of political strife",summarization "Road Trip to Vegas via Death Valley, example guide",,"While Vegas the sin city doesn't need reason a trip to Death valley does make the visit exiting. 1-It is advisible to leave early morning when travelling from LA Suggested route is Hwy 14; it gets you out of the metro area earliest. 2-Furnace Creek Ranch is about 260 miles .its one of the key places to stop on road. 3-Visit Devil’s Golf Course, Badwater, it is a good detour. 4-A stop at Zabriskie Point when you get back on 190, and the mesmerizing ride up to Dante’s View, 5-The direct way from Furnace Creek to Las Vegas is 190 to Death Valley Junction, take turn to east on Stateline Road for Pahrump.",creative_writing Give me a list of some of the best films where English is not the primary language spoken. Please indicate which language is the primary language spoken.,,"You might enjoy the following films: - Spirited Away (Japanese) - In the Mood for Love (Cantonese) - City of God (Portuguese) - Life is Beautiful (Italian) - Cinema Paradiso (Italian) - Amélie (French) - La Haine (French)",brainstorming What is Age of Empires?,"Age of Empires is a series of historical real-time strategy video games, originally developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Xbox Game Studios. The first game was Age of Empires, released in 1997. Nine total games within the series have been released so far as of October 28, 2021. Age of Empires focused on events in Europe, Africa and Asia, spanning from the Stone Age to the Iron Age; the expansion game explored the formation and expansion of the Roman Empire. The sequel, Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings, was set in the Middle Ages, while its expansion focused partially on the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. The subsequent three games of Age of Empires III explored the early modern period, when Europe was colonizing the Americas and several Asian nations were on the decline. Another installment, Age of Empires Online, takes a different approach as a free-to-play online game utilizing Games for Windows Live. A spin-off game, Age of Mythology, was set in the same period as the original Age of Empires, but focused on mythological elements of Greek, Egyptian, and Norse mythology. The fourth main installment in the series, Age of Empires IV, was released on October 28, 2021. The Age of Empires series has been a commercial success, selling over 25 million copies. Critics have credited part of the success of the series to its historical theme and fair play; the artificial intelligence (AI) players have fewer advantages than in many of the series' competitors.","Age of Empires is a classic PC game originally developed by Microsoft, released in 1997. It has 4 versions now and is still being played online by many players.",closed_qa Kingsway in India was made in the honour of,,George V the Emperor of India,open_qa What are the unofficial forms of written Norwegian ?,"As established by law and government policy, the two official forms of written Norwegian are Bokmål (literally 'book tongue') and Nynorsk ('new Norwegian'). The official Norwegian Language Council (Språkrådet) is responsible for regulating the two forms, and recommends the terms Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk in English.[citation needed] Two other written forms without official status also exist. One, called Riksmål ('national language'), is today to a large extent the same language as Bokmål though somewhat closer to the Danish language. It is regulated by the unofficial Norwegian Academy, which translates the name as 'Standard Norwegian'. The other is Høgnorsk ('High Norwegian'), a more purist form of Nynorsk, which maintains the language in an original form as given by Ivar Aasen and rejects most of the reforms from the 20th century; this form has limited use.","- Riksmål - Høgnorsk",information_extraction What is a generic question?,,"A generic question is usually a question which is very plain in nature or very common. Most people know the answers to generic questions using common sense, and general knowledge. It usually implies that less though and creativity was used to come up with a generic question. An example of a generic question is ""why is it so hot outside?"" or ""why us the sky blue?""",open_qa "Given this paragraph, what is the size in acres of Walt Disney World?","The Walt Disney World Resort, also called Walt Disney World or Disney World, is an entertainment resort complex in Bay Lake and Lake Buena Vista, Florida, United States, near the cities of Orlando and Kissimmee. Opened on October 1, 1971, the resort is operated by Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, a division of The Walt Disney Company. The property covers nearly 25,000 acres (39 sq mi; 101 km2), of which half has been used. The resort comprises four theme parks (Magic Kingdom, Epcot, Disney's Hollywood Studios, and Disney's Animal Kingdom), two water parks (Disney's Blizzard Beach and Disney's Typhoon Lagoon), 31 themed resort hotels, nine non-Disney hotels, several golf courses, a camping resort, and other entertainment venues, including the outdoor shopping center Disney Springs. On October 1, 2021, Walt Disney World started its celebration of its 50-year anniversary which lasted for 18 consecutive months ending on March 31, 2023.","According to this text, Walt Disney World is 12,500 acres and sits on 25,000 acres of property owned by the company.",closed_qa "Currently, does Porthcurno mainly comprise farms and fisherman's cottages?","Porthcurno is largely not farms or fisherman's cottages today, having its linear centre inland, centred 6.6 miles (10.6 km) west of the railway, market and resort town of Penzance and 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from Land's End, the most westerly point of the English mainland. In the most local-level organisational and community bodies, it is in civil and ecclesiastical parishes named Saint Levan and usually spelt as St Leven since the 18th century.",No,closed_qa Where should you go on vacation?,,"For some cultures a vacation has a very traditional meaning and expectations while other cultures have no notion of a vacation. For most in the United States, a vacation consists of spending time away from your normal routine of school or work to help you recharge. Vacations can be done by not leaving your house or by traveling to the far reaches of the planet and can range from a single day to many years depending on your situation in life. I personally enjoy vacationing with my family as often as I can throughout the year. Sometimes a vacation will consist of an extra day over the weekend to go camping at a park far away. Our favorite family vacations have involved going to special natural parks, called National Parks, to hike, swim, camp, and enjoy the scenery that nature provides. We also have visited cities with unique attractions like museums in Washington DC, or amusement parks in Gurnee Mills, IL, or football games in Seattle Washington, or skyscrapers of New York city. We usually plan our family vacations several months in advance so we have options to visit the areas we are interested in and sleep in convenient and comfortable locations. We also use books, friends, and the internet to research destinations for our vacation so we are taking full advantage of the time we have. Vacations provide life long memories for people!",open_qa How long is a chukker in Polo?,,A chukker is 7.5 minutes,open_qa "Which of these countries are in South America: Mexico, Peru, Brazil, Chile, Ghana, India.",,"Peru, Brazil, and Chile are in South America. Mexico is in North America, while Ghana is in Africa and India is in Asia.",classification What is the difference between software engineer and systems engineer?,,Systems engineers often have more experience working with hardware and networks while software engineers focus on coding and developing applications.,open_qa "Tell me if these drinks are alcoholic or not: Coca-Cola, Mountain Dew, Budweiser, Rum, Vodka, Tomato Juice, Orange Juice, Sprite, Tequila, Margarita",,"Budweiser, Rum, Vodka, Tequila and Margarita are alcoholic beverages",classification "Tell me which of these is a Country, a City, a River, or a Mountain: New York, Nile, Amazon, Kilimanjaro, USA, Spain, Italy, Rome, Prague, Zurich, France, San Francisco, K2, Buenos Aires, Brazil, Mount Everest, London, Mekong",,"New York - City Nile - River Amazon - River Kilimanjaro - Mountain USA - Country Spain - Country Italy - Country Rome - City Prague - City Zurich - City France - Country San Francisco - City K2 - Mountain Buenos Aires - City Brazil - Country Mount Everest - Mountain London - City Mekong - River",classification Identify which car manufacturer is Japanese or American: GMC or Nissan,,"Nissan is Japanese, GMC is American",classification Why you should have a bucket list?,,"Because you have one life to live. You need to explore as much as you can to fulfill your dream so you need a target to full and that's why you need bucketlist",brainstorming "Which of the following cast members have names that start with the letters A, B or P?","Balraj Sahni as Abdul Rehman Khan Sonu as Mini Usha Kiran as Rama, Mini's mother Padma Laxmi Sarita Devi Anwari Bai Leela Agha Baby Farida Asit Sen as Bhola","Balraj Sahni, Padma, Anwari Bai, Baby Farida, Asit Sen",information_extraction "Classify each of the following as either an SSRI or MAOI depression drug: paroxetine, isocarboxazid, sertraline, vortioxetine, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, moclobemide, fluoxetine",,"SSRI: paroxetine, sertraline, vortioxetine, fluoxetine MAOI: isocarboxazid, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, moclobemide",classification "Tell me whether these are names of automobile or motorcycle companies: Ford, Triumph, Indian, Harley Davidson, Rolls Royce, Mercedes, Toyota.",,"Ford is an automobile company. Triumph is a motorcycle company. Indian is a motorcycle company. Harley Davidson is a motorcycle company. Rolls Royce is an automobile company. Mercedes is an automobile company. Toyota is an automobile company.",classification How did Washington become a state?,"Washington, officially the State of Washington and often referred to as Washington state to distinguish it from the USA's capital, Washington, D.C., is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. Named for George Washington—the first U.S. president—the state was formed from the western part of the Washington Territory, which was ceded by the British Empire in 1846, by the Oregon Treaty in the settlement of the Oregon boundary dispute. The state is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, Oregon to the south, Idaho to the east, and the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north. It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Olympia is the state capital; the state's largest city is Seattle.","Washington became the 42nd state of the United States of America in 1889. The United States Congress passed an act enabling the territories of Washington, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana to seek statehood.",closed_qa What is the meaning of RCA in software,,"RCA means Root Cause Analysis, which actually give the cause and solution description of any outage",brainstorming What would the fantasy city look like,,"An ideal city is a city by the water, full of bike lanes, art galleries, art workshops, coffee shops, wine bars and outdoor courtyards where people linger for hours as the times stays still. An ideal city has no notion of time other than the sun going up and going down.",creative_writing "What is the answer to life, the universe, and everything?",,42,open_qa "Classify the following as either a solid, liquid, or gas: carbon dioxide, water, oil, granite, aluminum, gold, oxygen",,"Carbon Dioxide: Gas Water: Liquid Oil: Liquid Granite: Solid Aluminum: Solid Gold: Solid Oxygen: Gas",classification What is it like being the last person on earth?,,"You would think the world would be yours to explore and enjoy. In actuality, it's incredibly lonely. The quiet is almost deafening. It's also much harder to get to and from as gas stations no longer work, as there is no electricity. I never thought I would miss so desperately to wait in line and go to a crowded restaurant.",creative_writing Summarize the plot synopsis of the movie Real Genius in 3 sentences.,"The CIA has covertly hired Professor Jerry Hathaway at Pacific Technical University to develop the power source for ""Crossbow"": a laser weapon precise enough to commit illegal political assassinations from outer space. Hathaway uses his position to recruit brilliant students to do the work for him but, aside from his graduate student and toady Kent, does not tell them the reason for their research. Hathaway's latest prospect is genius high school student Mitch Taylor. Despite his youth and inexperience, Hathaway makes Mitch the lead on the project due to his innovative and original ideas in the field of laser physics. Mitch is roomed with Chris Knight, another member of the team, a legend in the ""National Physics Club"" and one of Mitch's idols. Mitch's ideal of Chris is shattered, however, when Chris turns out to be more of a goof-off than a hard-working student. Meanwhile, Hathaway hopes Mitch will encourage Chris to straighten up his act and that their two exceptional minds can develop a proper power source. With the deadline quickly approaching, Mitch feels the pressure to complete the project while Chris continues in his carefree attitude. After inviting Mitch to a pool party to blow off steam, Kent reports this to Hathaway, who lambasts Mitch. Mitch breaks down and tearfully calls his parents, telling them he wants to go home. Kent records the call without Mitch's knowledge and later plays the recording over the school's public address system, humiliating Mitch. As Mitch begins packing to leave, Chris explains about the pressures of school and burdens of being highly intelligent by relating the history of former Pacific Tech student Lazlo Hollyfeld. Lazlo cracked under the pressure and disappeared (actually now living in the university's tunnels beneath Chris and Mitch's closet). Chris, fearing the same could happen to him, learned to lighten up and begin enjoying life. Mitch acquiesces to stay and they exact revenge on Kent by disassembling his car and reassembling it in his dorm room. Hathaway, angry about the still-incomplete project and Chris's attitude, informs Chris that he intends to fail him in his final course needed for graduation and will give a coveted after-graduation job, originally promised to Chris, to Kent instead, as well as take steps to ensure Chris will never find work in the field of laser physics. Chris is disheartened and Mitch must use Chris's same argument to convince him to stay. The two commit themselves to finishing the 5 megawatt laser and making sure Chris passes Hathaway's final exam. Kent sabotages their latest, nearly-successful apparatus. Though Chris knows Kent destroyed the laser, he can do nothing about it and is left to brood over the injustice; this inspires him to come up with a whole new system. The new solution works flawlessly, impressing Hathaway; he congratulates Chris and assures him that he will graduate. Chris and Mitch leave and celebrate, but Lazlo arrives to tell them his suspicions regarding the possible uses of such a laser. Realizing he is right, they return to the lab, but all the laser equipment has already been removed by Hathaway. They surreptitiously implant a radio transmitter in Kent's mouth and use it convince him he is speaking to Jesus. Kent divulges the location of the Air Force base where the equipment has been installed on a B-1 bomber. Chris and Mitch sneak onto the airbase and reprogram the coordinates of the target before going to Hathaway's home to set up a small prism. They gather outside Hathaway's home to watch as another school professor and a Congressman arrive, having been told of the test. Kent arrives and, though he was told by Jesus to remain outside, he goes inside. The laser test begins, with the new target being Hathaway's house. A very large bag of popcorn (Hathaway detests popcorn) is heated by the laser refracted by the prism, filling the house entirely and causing it to burst at the seams, with Kent riding a popcorn wave through the front door. Lazlo arrives in an RV—which he has won using mathematics in a blind sweepstakes contest—to tell them he is leaving. Later, Hathaway arrives to see what has become of his house.","The CIA hires Professor Jerry Hathaway to develop the power source for a laser powerful and precise enough to vaporize human targets from outer space. Hathaway's newly recruited genius Mitch, along with his previous prodigy, Chris, work together to develop the technology and succeed, only to later learn of Hathaway's true intention for their work. The students and their friends sabotage their own invention and teach Hathaway a lesson by having the laser to pop an enormous bag of popcorn in Jerry's house, knowing that he hates popcorn.",summarization Best Bengali singer,,Kishore Kumar,brainstorming What is the difference between a bike and an electric bike,,"An electric bike is very similar to a traditional bike with a few additional components. They have a similar style of wheels, handlebars, and frame style as a regular bike. In addition, they have an electric motor, battery, and controller for the user. The battery powers the motors which offer assistance while pedaling. An e-bike does not change the pedaling action, it just makes it feel simpler.",open_qa "We are getting a new puppy today, I am writing this messages to you our beloved children that we need to keep the Cats away from the new puppy for at least the first 2 weeks.",,The reason is that the Cat will feel intimated and attack the new puppy if we don't separate them and let them get used to each other for a period of time.,creative_writing "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Mosasaurus, Whale Shark",,"Whale Shark is alive, Mosasaurus is extinct.",classification Are there any movies about Atlantis?,,"There are movies about Atlantis: - Atlantis: End of a World, Birth of a Legend 2011 - Atlantis 2013–2015 TV series",brainstorming Please provide a list of Michael Jordan's accomplishments in the 1987-1988 NBA basketball season.,"NBA achievements Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Class of 2009 6× NBA champion: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998 5× NBA Most Valuable Player: 1987–88, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1995–96, 1997–98 6× NBA Finals Most Valuable Player: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998 10× Scoring leader: 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98 NBA Defensive Player of the Year: 1987-88 NBA Rookie of the Year: 1984-85 14× NBA All-Star: 1985, 1986 (selected but injured), 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2003 3× NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player: 1988, 1996, 1998 2× NBA Slam Dunk Contest champion: 1987, 1988 Runner-up in 1985 3× Steals leader: 1987–88, 1989–90, 1992–93 2× Minutes leader: 1987–88, 1988–89 2× IBM Award winner: 1985, 1989 11× All-NBA selection: First Team: 1987–93, 1996–98 Second Team: 1985 9× All-Defensive selection: First Team: 1988–93, 1996–98 NBA All-Rookie selection: First Team: 1985 7× The Sporting News Most Valuable Player: 1987–88, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98 The Sporting News Rookie of the Year: 1985 Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year: 1991 Ranked #1 by SLAM Magazine's Top 50 Players of All-time Ranked #1 by ESPN SportsCentury's Top North American Athletes of the 20th Century Selected in 1996 as one of the ""50 Greatest Players in NBA History"" Selected in 1996 as member of two of the ""Top 10 Teams in NBA History"" 1991–92 Chicago Bulls (67–15; .817) 1995–96 Chicago Bulls (72–10; .878) 25 NBA Player of the Week 16 NBA Player of the Month","In the 1987-1988 NBA Season, Michael Jordan had several achievements, including: -NBA Most Valuable Player -NBA Scoring Leader -NBA Defensive Player of the Year -NBA Slam Dunk Contest Champion -NBA Steals Leader -NBA Minutes Leader -All-NBA First Team -NBA All-Defensive Team -The Sporting News Most Valuable Player",summarization Who is FDR?,"Franklin Delano Roosevelt (/ˈdɛlənoʊ ˈroʊzəvɛlt, -vəlt/ DEL-ə-noh ROH-zə-velt, -⁠vəlt; January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), commonly known as FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. He previously served as the 44th governor of New York from 1929 to 1933, the Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 1913 to 1920, and a member of the New York State Senate from 1911 to 1913.","Franklin Delano Roosevelt (/ˈdɛlənoʊ ˈroʊzəvɛlt, -vəlt/ DEL-ə-noh ROH-zə-velt, -⁠vəlt; January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), commonly known as FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. He previously served as the 44th governor of New York from 1929 to 1933, the Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 1913 to 1920, and a member of the New York State Senate from 1911 to 1913. Roosevelt attended Groton School, Harvard College, and Columbia Law School, going on to practice law in New York City. He won election to the New York State Senate in 1910 and then served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under president Woodrow Wilson during World War I. Roosevelt was James M. Cox's running mate on the Democratic Party's ticket in the 1920 United States presidential election, but Cox was defeated by Republican Warren G. Harding. In 1921, Roosevelt contracted a paralytic illness that permanently paralyzed his legs. He returned to public office by winning the 1928 New York gubernatorial election. He served as governor of New York from 1929 to 1933, promoting programs to combat the Great Depression besetting the United States at the time. In the 1932 presidential election, Roosevelt defeated Republican incumbent president Herbert Hoover in a landslide. During his first 100 days as president, Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented federal legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal. He created numerous programs to provide relief to the unemployed and farmers while seeking economic recovery with the National Recovery Administration and other programs. He also instituted major regulatory reforms related to finance, communications, and labor, and presided over the end of Prohibition. In 1936, Roosevelt won a landslide reelection with the economy having improved rapidly from 1933, but the economy relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 and 1938. Later, Roosevelt unsuccessfully sought passage of the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937. The conservative coalition formed in 1937 to block the implementation of further New Deal programs and reforms. He ran successfully for reelection in 1940, becoming the only American president to serve for more than two terms. With World War II looming after 1938 in addition to the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany, Roosevelt gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China as well as the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union while the United States remained officially neutral. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, he obtained a declaration of war on Japan the next day, and a few days later, on Germany and Italy. He worked closely with other national leaders in leading the Allies against the Axis powers. Roosevelt supervised the mobilization of the American economy to support the war effort and implemented a Europe first strategy. He also initiated the development of the world's first atomic bomb and worked with the other Allied leaders to lay the groundwork for the United Nations and other post-war institutions. He won reelection in 1944 but with his physical health seriously and steadily declining during the war years, he died in 1945. Since his death, several of Roosevelt's actions have come under substantial criticism, such as his ordering of the incarceration of Japanese Americans in concentration camps. Nonetheless, historical rankings consistently rank Roosevelt as one of the greatest presidents in American history.",information_extraction "Given this paragraph, what are the two Kingdoms that used Bangkok as their capital city.","The history of Bangkok dates at least back to the early 15th century, to when it was a village on the west bank of the Chao Phraya River, under the rule of Ayutthaya. Because of its strategic location near the mouth of the river, the town gradually increased in importance. Bangkok initially served as a customs outpost with forts on both sides of the river, and was the site of a siege in 1688 in which the French were expelled from Siam. After the fall of Ayutthaya to the Burmese in 1767, the newly crowned King Taksin established his capital at the town, which became the base of the Thonburi Kingdom. In 1782, King Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I) succeeded Taksin, moved the capital to the eastern bank's Rattanakosin Island, thus founding the Rattanakosin Kingdom. The City Pillar was erected on 21 April 1782, which is regarded as the date of foundation of Bangkok as the capital.","Thonburi Kingdom and Rattanakosin Kingdom are the two Kingdoms that used Bangkok as their capital city. Thonburi Kingdom used the western bank of Bangkok as its capital city. While Rattanakosin Kingdom used Bangkok's eastern bank as its capital city,.",closed_qa Where is the best place to work in my house?,,"If you are working from home full time you will want make sure you pick the best area in your house to work that offers you a quiet space where you can focus for work. Pick an area that is not busy like your master bedroom or separate bedroom that no one uses that can be used as an office. You will want to make sure this space has a door so you can prevent outside noise from being a distraction. This space will need a desk that you can work at, and you might want to consider a sit-stand desk so you can can keep good blood in your body flow throughout the day. Sitting all day restricts blood flow and actually inhibits your ability to produce work results at your best so get something that prevents this.",open_qa What is game of Cricket?,"Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are ""out""). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information.","Cricket is a game played using a bat and a ball, with 11 players in each team. The surface in the centre of cricket filed is called Pitch which is 22 yards long. The batting starts with 2 player on the pitch, a batter and runner. Bowling side chooses a baller and rest of the 10 players are spread across the filed to catch the ball. Once ten batters from batting side are dismissed, the other sides gets opportunity to bat. The runs are scored by running between each end of the wicket and hitting the ball outside the boundary lines of the filed.",summarization Where did Bermuda grass come from?,"Cynodon dactylon, commonly known as Bermuda grass, is a grass found worldwide. It is native to Europe, Africa, Australia and much of Asia. It has been introduced to the Americas. Contrary to its common name, it is not native to Bermuda and is in fact an abundant invasive species there. In Bermuda it has been known as ""crab grass"" (also a name for Digitaria sanguinalis). Other names are Dhoob, dūrvā grass, ethana grass, dubo, dog grass, dog's tooth grass, Bahama grass, crab grass, devil's grass, couch grass, Indian doab, arugampul, grama, wiregrass and scutch grass.","Cynodon dactylon, commonly known as Bermuda grass, is a grass found worldwide. It is native to Europe, Africa, Australia and much of Asia.",closed_qa "Pick if these would be useful or not useful for a high school student to put in their backpack. Notebooks, textbook, desk lamp, pencil pouch, beach ball, pillow, laptop.",,"Notebooks: useful, textbook: useful, desk lamp: not useful, pencil pouch: useful, beach ball: not useful, pillow: not useful, laptop: useful.",classification What are few different ways to describe the changing shape of the moon?,,"There are a number of ways in which to describe the different moon phases. As the moon appears to grow bigger it is said to be 'waxing', as it decreases in size it is 'waning'. There are a number of different full moons, depending on how many there are in a month and the size of the moon in the sky and when there is no moon due to the earth's shadow covering its surface it is said to be a 'new moon'.",brainstorming "What happened on January 6, 2021?","On January 6, 2021, following the defeat of U.S. President Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential election, a mob of his supporters attacked the United States Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. The mob sought to keep Trump in power by preventing a joint session of Congress from counting the electoral college votes to formalize the victory of President-elect Joe Biden. According to the House select committee investigating the incident, the attack was the culmination of a seven-part plan by Trump to overturn the election. Five people died either shortly before, during, or following the event: one was shot by Capitol Police, another died of a drug overdose, and three died of natural causes. Many people were injured, including 138 police officers. Four officers who responded to the attack died by suicide within seven months. As of July 7, 2022, monetary damages caused by attackers exceed $2.7 million.","On January 6, 2021, following the defeat of U.S. President Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential election, a mob of his supporters attacked the United States Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. The mob sought to keep Trump in power by preventing a joint session of Congress from counting the electoral college votes to formalize the victory of President-elect Joe Biden. According to the House select committee investigating the incident, the attack was the culmination of a seven-part plan by Trump to overturn the election. Five people died either shortly before, during, or following the event: one was shot by Capitol Police, another died of a drug overdose, and three died of natural causes. Many people were injured, including 138 police officers. Four officers who responded to the attack died by suicide within seven months. As of July 7, 2022, monetary damages caused by attackers exceed $2.7 million. Called to action by Trump, thousands of his supporters gathered in Washington, D.C., on January 5 and 6 to support his false claim that the 2020 election had been ""stolen by emboldened radical-left Democrats"" and to demand that Vice President Mike Pence and the Congress reject Biden's victory. Starting at noon on January 6, at a ""Save America"" rally on the Ellipse, Trump repeated false claims of election irregularities and said ""If you don't fight like hell, you're not going to have a country anymore."" In the same speech, he said ""I know that everyone here will soon be marching over to the Capitol building to peacefully and patriotically make your voices heard."" During and after his speech, thousands of attendees, some armed, walked to the Capitol, and hundreds breached police perimeters as Congress was beginning the electoral vote count. More than 2,000 rioters entered the building, many of whom occupied, vandalized, and looted; assaulted Capitol Police officers and reporters; and attempted to locate lawmakers to capture and harm. A gallows was erected west of the Capitol, and some rioters chanted ""Hang Mike Pence"" after he rejected false claims by Trump and others that the vice president could overturn the election results. Some vandalized and looted the offices of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D‑CA) and other members of Congress. With building security breached, Capitol Police evacuated and locked down both chambers of Congress and several buildings in the Capitol Complex. Rioters occupied the empty Senate chamber while federal law enforcement officers defended the evacuated House floor. Pipe bombs were found at each of the Democratic National Committee and Republican National Committee headquarters, and Molotov cocktails were discovered in a vehicle near the Capitol. Trump resisted sending the National Guard to quell the mob. Later that afternoon, in a Twitter video, he reasserted that the election was ""fraudulent"", but told his supporters to ""go home in peace"". The Capitol was clear of rioters by mid-evening, and the counting of the electoral votes resumed and was completed in the early morning hours of January 7. Pence declared President-elect Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris victorious. Pressured by his cabinet, the threat of removal, and many resignations, Trump later committed to an orderly transition of power in a televised statement. A week after the riot, the House of Representatives impeached Trump for incitement of insurrection, making him the only U.S. president to have been impeached twice. In February, after Trump had left office, the Senate voted 57–43 in favor of conviction; because this fell short of a two-thirds majority, requiring 67 votes, he was acquitted for a second time. The House passed a bill to create a bipartisan independent commission to investigate the attack, modeled after the 9/11 Commission, but it was blocked by Republicans in the Senate, so the House approved a select committee with seven Democrats and two Republicans to investigate instead. The committee held nine televised public hearings on the attack in 2022, and later voted to subpoena Trump. By March 2022, the Justice Department's investigations had expanded to include the activities of others leading up to the attack. Ultimately, the Committee recommended Trump to DOJ to be prosecuted for obstructing an official proceeding, incitement, conspiracy to defraud the United States, and making false statements. More than 30 members of anti-government groups, including the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys, and Three Percenters, were charged with conspiracy for allegedly planning their attacks on the Capitol; ten Oath Keepers and five Proud Boys were charged with seditious conspiracy, and one Oath Keeper pleaded guilty. Oath Keeper leader Stewart Rhodes would later be convicted of seditious conspiracy. As of January 2022, at least 57 people with roles in the day's events were running for public office. Although most people charged with crimes relating to the attack had no known affiliation with far-right or extremist groups, a significant number were linked to extremist groups or conspiratorial movements. By January 2023, at least 476 individuals charged had pleaded guilty.",information_extraction "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Seymouria, White Rhino",,"White Rhino is alive, Seymouria is extinct.",classification what is the difference between a tale and a tail,,tale is a noun referencing narration events vs a tail could be rear end of an animal,open_qa How long do I need to work before I retire?,,"Typically you need to work until the age of 65 before you can retire. Some jobs may offer you a 401k if you work at the job for an extended period of time which you have access to at the age of 65. You might be able to retire sooner than the age of 65 if you own your own business, and it makes enough money to support your current lifestyle. Important things to consider before you retire is whether you have enough money to sustain your lifestyle plus account for yearly inflation, and whether you will want to work part time or do consulting work in retirement to keep yourself busy and give you sense of purpose.",open_qa Who has the most #1 hits in music?,,"The Beatles, unsurprisingly, lead the way with a record 20 No. 1s, all earned between 1964 and 1970. The Fab Four also scored 34 top 10s (second only to Madonna’s 38), hitting No. 1 in over half their visits to the top 10.",open_qa Give me a list of authors from Florida,"Florida literature is as varied as the state itself. Genres traditionally include fiction, nonfiction, and poetry, and some of it may be considered part of the American regional Southern literature genre. Writers affiliated with the locale of Florida include William Bartram, Elizabeth Bishop, James Branch Cabell, Hart Crane, Stephen Crane, Harry Crews, Nilo Cruz, John Fleming, Ernest Hemingway, Carl Hiaasen, Jay Hopler, Zora Neale Hurston, José Martí, Campbell McGrath, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Wallace Stevens, and Harriet Beecher Stowe.","The most well-known authors from Florida include: - Ernest Heminway - John Fleming - José Martí - Wallace Stevens - Harriet Beecher Stowe - Jay Hopler - William Bartram - Elizabeth Bishop - Stephen Crane - Hart Crane - Harry Crews - Campbell McGrath - Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings - James Branch Cabell - Nilo Cruz - Zora Neale Hurston",summarization Where is Shuyga?,"Shuyga (Russian: Шуйга) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Surskoye Rural Settlement of Pinezhsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 472 as of 2010. There are 11 streets.","Shuyga is located on the Shuyga River, 99 km southeast of Karpogory (the district's administrative centre) by road. Shulomen is the nearest rural locality.",information_extraction "At the concert last night, identify each of these musicians as singer, drummer, guitarist, or bassist: Steve Harris, Bruce Dickinson, George Lynch, Nicko McBrain, Angus Young",,"Steve Harris - bassist Bruce Dickinson - singer George Lynch - guitarist Nicko McBrain - drummer Angus Young - guitarist",classification "Rick was asked, Suppose your mother has four sons, named East, West, and South. What's the fourth son's name?",,"Well, I hope you didn't expect me to say North? Because the question was asked to Rick, who is also the son of his mom, the answer would be his own name, Rick.",creative_writing Give me a bulleted list of 3 informal fallacies and the meaning each,"Informal fallacies – arguments that are logically unsound for lack of well-grounded premises. Argument to moderation (false compromise, middle ground, fallacy of the mean, argumentum ad temperantiam) – assuming that a compromise between two positions is always correct. Continuum fallacy (fallacy of the beard, line-drawing fallacy, sorites fallacy, fallacy of the heap, bald man fallacy, decision-point fallacy) – improperly rejecting a claim for being imprecise. Correlative-based fallacies Suppressed correlative – a correlative is redefined so that one alternative is made impossible (e.g., ""I'm not fat because I'm thinner than John.""). Definist fallacy – defining a term used in an argument in a biased manner (e.g., using ""loaded terms""). The person making the argument expects that the listener will accept the provided definition, making the argument difficult to refute. Divine fallacy (argument from incredulity) – arguing that, because something is so incredible or amazing, it must be the result of superior, divine, alien or paranormal agency. Double counting – counting events or occurrences more than once in probabilistic reasoning, which leads to the sum of the probabilities of all cases exceeding unity. Equivocation – using a term with more than one meaning in a statement without specifying which meaning is intended. Ambiguous middle term – using a middle term with multiple meanings. Definitional retreat – changing the meaning of a word when an objection is raised. Often paired with moving the goalposts (see below), as when an argument is challenged using a common definition of a term in the argument, and the arguer presents a different definition of the term and thereby demands different evidence to debunk the argument. Motte-and-bailey fallacy – conflating two positions with similar properties, one modest and easy to defend (the ""motte"") and one more controversial (the ""bailey""). The arguer first states the controversial position, but when challenged, states that they are advancing the modest position. Fallacy of accent – changing the meaning of a statement by not specifying on which word emphasis falls. Persuasive definition – purporting to use the ""true"" or ""commonly accepted"" meaning of a term while, in reality, using an uncommon or altered definition. (cf. the if-by-whiskey fallacy) Ecological fallacy – inferring about the nature of an entity based solely upon aggregate statistics collected for the group to which that entity belongs. Etymological fallacy – assuming that the original or historical meaning of a word or phrase is necessarily similar to its actual present-day usage. Fallacy of composition – assuming that something true of part of a whole must also be true of the whole. Fallacy of division – assuming that something true of a composite thing must also be true of all or some of its parts. False attribution – appealing to an irrelevant, unqualified, unidentified, biased or fabricated source in support of an argument. Fallacy of quoting out of context (contextotomy, contextomy; quotation mining) – selective excerpting of words from their original context to distort the intended meaning. False authority (single authority) – using an expert of dubious credentials or using only one opinion to promote a product or idea. Related to the appeal to authority. False dilemma (false dichotomy, fallacy of bifurcation, black-or-white fallacy) – two alternative statements are given as the only possible options when, in reality, there are more. False equivalence – describing two or more statements as virtually equal when they are not. Feedback fallacy – believing in the objectivity of an evaluation to be used as the basis for improvement without verifying that the source of the evaluation is a disinterested party. Historian's fallacy – assuming that decision-makers of the past had identical information as those subsequently analyzing the decision. This should not to be confused with presentism, in which present-day ideas and perspectives are anachronistically projected into the past. Historical fallacy – believing that certain results occurred only because a specific process was performed, though said process may actually be unrelated to the results. Baconian fallacy – supposing that historians can obtain the ""whole truth"" via induction from individual pieces of historical evidence. The ""whole truth"" is defined as learning ""something about everything"", ""everything about something"", or ""everything about everything"". In reality, a historian ""can only hope to know something about something"". Homunculus fallacy – using a ""middle-man"" for explanation; this sometimes leads to regressive middle-men. It explains a concept in terms of the concept itself without explaining its real nature (e.g.: explaining thought as something produced by a little thinker – a homunculus – inside the head simply identifies an intermediary actor and does not explain the product or process of thinking). Inflation of conflict – arguing that, if experts in a field of knowledge disagree on a certain point within that field, no conclusion can be reached or that the legitimacy of that field of knowledge is questionable. If-by-whiskey – an argument that supports both sides of an issue by using terms that are emotionally sensitive and ambiguous. Incomplete comparison – insufficient information is provided to make a complete comparison. Intentionality fallacy – the insistence that the ultimate meaning of an expression must be consistent with the intention of the person from whom the communication originated (e.g. a work of fiction that is widely received as a blatant allegory must necessarily not be regarded as such if the author intended it not to be so). Kafkatrapping – a sophistical rhetorical device in which any denial by an accused person serves as evidence of guilt. Kettle logic – using multiple, jointly inconsistent arguments to defend a position. Ludic fallacy – failing to take into account that non-regulated random occurrences unknown unknowns can affect the probability of an event taking place. Lump of labour fallacy – the misconception that there is a fixed amount of work to be done within an economy, which can be distributed to create more or fewer jobs. McNamara fallacy (quantitative fallacy) – making an argument using only quantitative observations (measurements, statistical or numerical values) and discounting subjective information that focuses on quality (traits, features, or relationships). Mind projection fallacy – assuming that a statement about an object describes an inherent property of the object, rather than a personal perception. Moralistic fallacy – inferring factual conclusions from evaluative premises in violation of fact–value distinction (e.g.: inferring is from ought). Moralistic fallacy is the inverse of naturalistic fallacy. Moving the goalposts (raising the bar) – argument in which evidence presented in response to a specific claim is dismissed and some other (often greater) evidence is demanded. Nirvana fallacy (perfect-solution fallacy) – solutions to problems are rejected because they are not perfect. Package deal – treating essentially dissimilar concepts as though they were essentially similar. Proof by assertion – a proposition is repeatedly restated regardless of contradiction; sometimes confused with argument from repetition (argumentum ad infinitum, argumentum ad nauseam). Prosecutor's fallacy – a low probability of false matches does not mean a low probability of some false match being found. Proving too much – an argument that results in an overly generalized conclusion (e.g.: arguing that drinking alcohol is bad because in some instances it has led to spousal or child abuse). Psychologist's fallacy – an observer presupposes the objectivity of their own perspective when analyzing a behavioral event. Referential fallacy – assuming that all words refer to existing things and that the meaning of words reside within the things they refer to, as opposed to words possibly referring to no real object (e.g.: Pegasus) or that the meaning comes from how they are used (e.g.: ""nobody"" was in the room). Reification (concretism, hypostatization, or the fallacy of misplaced concreteness) – treating an abstract belief or hypothetical construct as if it were a concrete, real event or physical entity (e.g.: saying that evolution selects which traits are passed on to future generations; evolution is not a conscious entity with agency). Retrospective determinism – believing that, because an event has occurred under some circumstance, the circumstance must have made the event inevitable (e.g.: because someone won the lottery while wearing their lucky socks, wearing those socks made winning the lottery inevitable). Slippery slope (thin edge of the wedge, camel's nose) – asserting that a proposed, relatively small, first action will inevitably lead to a chain of related events resulting in a significant and negative event and, therefore, should not be permitted. Special pleading – the arguer attempts to cite something as an exemption to a generally accepted rule or principle without justifying the exemption (e.g.: an orphaned defendant who murdered their parents asking for leniency).","Three informal fallacies are: - False Authority: Using an expert with dubious credentials to promote an argument - Incomplete Comparison: Not enough information was provided to adequately make a comparison - Proof by Assertion: Restating the same argument regardless of counter arguments and contradictions",summarization "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Repenomamus, Jaguar",,"Jaguar is alive, Repenomamus is extinct.",classification What name is Beijing also known by?,"Beijing (/beɪˈdʒɪŋ/ bay-JING; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng; Mandarin pronunciation: [pèɪ.tɕíŋ] (listen)), alternatively romanized as Peking (/piːˈkɪŋ/ pee-KING), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. With over 21 million residents, Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city and is China's second largest city after Shanghai. It is located in Northern China, and is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the State Council with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts. Beijing is mostly surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin to the southeast; together, the three divisions form the Jingjinji megalopolis and the national capital region of China.",Běijīng is alternatively romanized as Peking and is the capital of the People's Republic of China,closed_qa What is The Silmarillion?,"The Silmarillion (Quenya: [silmaˈrilliɔn]) is a collection of myths[T 1] and stories in varying styles by the English writer J. R. R. Tolkien. It was edited and published posthumously by his son Christopher Tolkien in 1977, assisted by the fantasy author Guy Gavriel Kay.[T 2] It tells of Eä, a fictional universe that includes the Blessed Realm of Valinor, the once-great region of Beleriand, the sunken island of Númenor, and the continent of Middle-earth, where Tolkien's most popular works—The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings—are set. After the success of The Hobbit, Tolkien's publisher Stanley Unwin requested a sequel, and Tolkien offered a draft of the writings that would later become The Silmarillion. Unwin rejected this proposal, calling the draft obscure and ""too Celtic"", so Tolkien began working on a new story that eventually became The Lord of the Rings.","The Silmarillion (Quenya: [silmaˈrilliɔn]) is a collection of myths[T 1] and stories in varying styles by the English writer J. R. R. Tolkien. It was edited and published posthumously by his son Christopher Tolkien in 1977, assisted by the fantasy author Guy Gavriel Kay.[T 2] It tells of Eä, a fictional universe that includes the Blessed Realm of Valinor, the once-great region of Beleriand, the sunken island of Númenor, and the continent of Middle-earth, where Tolkien's most popular works—The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings—are set. After the success of The Hobbit, Tolkien's publisher Stanley Unwin requested a sequel, and Tolkien offered a draft of the writings that would later become The Silmarillion. Unwin rejected this proposal, calling the draft obscure and ""too Celtic"", so Tolkien began working on a new story that eventually became The Lord of the Rings. The Silmarillion has five parts. The first, Ainulindalë, tells in mythic style of the creation of Eä, the ""world that is."" The second part, Valaquenta, gives a description of the Valar and Maiar, supernatural powers of Eä. The next section, Quenta Silmarillion, which forms the bulk of the collection, chronicles the history of the events before and during the First Age, including the wars over three jewels, the Silmarils, that gave the book its title. The fourth part, Akallabêth, relates the history of the Downfall of Númenor and its people, which takes place in the Second Age. The final part, Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age, is a brief summary of the events of The Lord of the Rings and those that led to them. The book shows the influence of many sources, including the Finnish epic Kalevala, Greek mythology in the lost island of Atlantis (as Númenor) and the Olympian gods (in the shape of the Valar, though these also resemble the Norse Æsir). Because J. R. R. Tolkien died leaving his legendarium unedited, Christopher Tolkien selected and edited materials to tell the story from start to end. In a few cases, this meant that he had to devise completely new material, within the tenor of his father's thought, to resolve gaps and inconsistencies in the narrative, particularly Chapter 22, ""Of the Ruin of Doriath"". The Silmarillion received a generally poor reception on publication. Scholars found the work problematic, not least because the book is a construction, not authorised by Tolkien himself, from the large corpus of documents and drafts also called ""The Silmarillion"". Scholars have noted that Tolkien intended the work to be a mythology, penned by many hands, and redacted by a fictional editor, whether Ælfwine or Bilbo Baggins. As such, the scholar Gergely Nagy considers that the fact that the work has indeed been edited actually realises Tolkien's intention.",information_extraction Please summarize the main argument of this paragraph from Woodrow Wilson's speech to Congress asking them to declare war on Germany.,"When I addressed the Congress on the 26th of February last, I thought that it would suffice to assert our neutral rights with arms, our right to use the seas against unlawful interference, our right to keep our people safe against unlawful violence. But armed neutrality, it now appears, is impracticable... Armed neutrality is ineffectual enough at best; in such circumstances and in the face of such pretensions it is worse than ineffectual: it is likely only to produce what it was meant to prevent; it is practically certain to draw us into the war without either the rights or the effectiveness of belligerents. There is one choice we cannot make, we are incapable of making: we will not choose the path of submission and suffer the most sacred rights of our nation and our people to be ignored or violated. The wrongs against which we now array ourselves are no common wrongs; they cut to the very roots of human life.","Wilson thought neutrality was impractical, and would actually lead into America more likely being attacked by Germany because what they were doing threatened all of Western civilization. He thought the United States should enter the war on its own terms.",summarization How can a football training session be planned?,,"First of all, the team has to change and put on the football clothes. Depending on the weather conditions, the right football shoes also have to be put on. Rubber nubs or steel studs can be used. It is better to wear indoor shoes in the hall and short nubs on the hard court. The first step is to warm up during training. Then stretch to prepare the muscles for fast movements. Afterwards, passing and shooting exercises are rehearsed. At the end, a small game should take place to keep it fun. Then stretch again and run out.",brainstorming What is Southern Charm the TV Show?,"Southern Charm is an American reality television series that premiered on Bravo on March 3, 2014. The series chronicles the personal and professional lives of several socialites who reside in Charleston, South Carolina. The show focuses on the Southern culture, along with the political history of the area, and has featured local historical places including Lewisfield Plantation and Mikell House. The show gives viewers an inside look at modern day aristocracy in Charleston, South Carolina.","Southern Charm is a Bravo TV Show based in Charleston SC. They go to dinners, throw parties, fight with each other like any other reality TV show. Some of the known character on the show include Craig Conover, Shep Rose, Austen Kroll, Leva Bonaparte, Madison LeCroy, and Taylor-Ann Greene.",closed_qa "Classify each of the follow as a Movie or TV Show: Friends, The Office, Departed, The Town, Breaking Bad, Braveheart",,"Shows: Friends, The Office and Breaking Bad Movies: Departed, The Town and Braveheart",classification Where do Macarons originate from?,"According to popular belief, the macaron has been introduced in France by the Italian chef of queen Catherine de Medici during the Renaissance but this appears to be a legend as the macaron is already mentioned in France in the 8th century in the Cormery Abbey.",The Macaron originates from France and is generally thought to have been created by an Italian chef of Catherine de Medici when she was the Queen of France during the 16th century. However the time period and original creator maybe a legend as there are documents referring to the Macaron in the 8th century from Cormery Abbey in France.,closed_qa Extract name and the type of water body from this text and list them using bullets in the format {Name}-{River},"Major Himalayan-origin rivers that substantially flow through India include the Ganges and the Brahmaputra, both of which drain into the Bay of Bengal. Important tributaries of the Ganges include the Yamuna and the Kosi; the latter's extremely low gradient, caused by long-term silt deposition, leads to severe floods and course changes. Major peninsular rivers, whose steeper gradients prevent their waters from flooding, include the Godavari, the Mahanadi, the Kaveri, and the Krishna, which also drain into the Bay of Bengal; and the Narmada and the Tapti, which drain into the Arabian Sea. Coastal features include the marshy Rann of Kutch of western India and the alluvial Sundarbans delta of eastern India; the latter is shared with Bangladesh. India has two archipelagos: the Lakshadweep, coral atolls off India's south-western coast; and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a volcanic chain in the Andaman Sea.","Ganges - River Brahmaputra - River Bay of Bengal - Sea Yamuna - River Kosi - River Godavari - River Mahanadi - River Kaveri - River Krishna - River Narmada - River Tapti - River Andaman Sea - Sea",information_extraction Why are shiba inus the best dogs?,,"Shiba inus are the best dogs because they are intuitive, smart, independent, affectionate (at times) and easy to train. They are also the perfect size (moderately compact) and weighs on average 20-25 lbs, making them small enough to carry but sturdy enough to hug. This makes them great for smaller-sized homes or apartments. They tend to also be quite friendly to other humans and pets, so it's easy to take them to dog parks, on hikes and to beaches without having to worry about aggression towards humans or other dogs. The most important reason -- shiba inus are just unbelievably cute -- they look like foxes, with their prick ears, lush curly tail and thick double coats.",open_qa What are the titans?,"Attack on Titan (Japanese: 進撃の巨人, Hepburn: Shingeki no Kyojin, lit. 'The Advancing Giant') is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hajime Isayama. It is set in a world where humanity is forced to live in cities surrounded by three enormous walls that protect them from gigantic man-eating humanoids referred to as Titans; the story follows Eren Yeager, who vows to exterminate the Titans after they bring about the destruction of his hometown and the death of his mother. It was serialized in Kodansha's monthly magazine Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine from September 2009 to April 2021, with its chapters collected in 34 tankōbon volumes.","In Attack on Titan, the Titans are gigantic man-eating humanoids that destroyed Eren Yeager's hometown and caused the death of his mother. The Titans cause humanity to live in cities surrounded by three enormous walls to protect themselves.",closed_qa "Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Fiat, Dodge",,"Dodge is American, Fiat is Italian",classification "What do they call soccer in the rest of the world, than United States?",,Futbol,open_qa What are the best Classic Rock bands?,,"While subjective, most Classic Rocks fans would all agree that Led Zeppelin, The Who, Pink Floyd, Cream, The Doors, Queen, The Rolling Stones, Yes, Jimi Hendrix, Jefferson Airplane, The Moody Blues and Allman Brothers would all make the list. There are many others like the Beatles and Grateful Dead etc that might be considered Classic Rock but also fall in other genres.",brainstorming "Categorize the following ingredients as meat, cheese, or spread: mayonnaise, ham, swiss, muenster, turkey, mustard",,"mayonnaise - spread ham - meat swiss - cheese muenster - cheese turkey - meat mustard - spread",classification What is Ethiopia known for from agriculture perspective?,,"Ethiopia is well known for its exports of coffee, sesame seeds, gold, cut flowers, and zinc(World bank data). In terms of geography and climate, Ethiopia is slightly less than twice the size of Texas and has a tropical monsoon climate with wide topographic-induced variation (World factbook). The country is located on a high plateau with a central mountain range that is divided by the Great Rift Valley. The typical family size in Ethiopia is five members, and the type of dwelling they live in depends on whether they are in a rural or urban area. In Ethiopia, many families live in traditional thatched-roof houses made of mud or wattle and daub, while urban dwellings are more likely to be made of brick or concrete. However, they may still be relatively small and basic, with limited amenities, and many families in urban areas live in overcrowded and informal settlements that lack basic infrastructure and services. (International Labour Organization)",open_qa Write a concise and somewhat funny email about making a betting pool for the 2023 Masters golf tournament,,"From: Me To: Friend Subject: 2023 Masters Betting Pool Hi Closest Friends, April has arrived, the Easter Bunny is coming and although the azaleas have all died from blooming too early and then freezing, the Masters will go on! It should be an eventful year with Tiger (aka the GOAT) making his return, Koepka coming off a huge win on the LIV tour, the incredible golf program that is University of Florida (aka Billy Horschel) looking for their first Masters champion, and many more. We plan on having the 101st annual Master's draft on Tuesday around 10PM EST. See you there. Cheers! - Me",creative_writing What is Lean manufacturing,"Lean manufacturing is a production method aimed primarily at reducing times within the production system as well as response times from suppliers and to customers. It is closely related to another concept called just-in-time manufacturing (JIT manufacturing in short). Just-in-time manufacturing tries to match production to demand by only supplying goods which have been ordered and focuses on efficiency, productivity (with a commitment to continuous improvement) and reduction of ""wastes"" for the producer and supplier of goods. Lean manufacturing adopts the just-in-time approach and additionally focuses on reducing cycle, flow and throughput times by further eliminating activities which do not add any value for the customer. Lean manufacturing also involves people who work outside of the manufacturing process, such as in marketing and customer service.",Lean is a production method.,closed_qa Why is Canada a good country to visit?,,"Canada is a beautiful country known for its natural scenery, ice hockey, polite people, maple syrup and wildlife.",open_qa "Tell me whether these are solid or gas at room temperature: oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide.",,"Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide are gases at room temperature.",classification What's the largest bird in the world?,,Ostrich,open_qa What do I need to know about drones to become a hobbyist drone pilot?,,"Aerial drones are a great way to gain a unique perspective and view of the world we live in. As a recreational drone pilot you can capture and immortalize the incredible views experienced in nature while engaging in many outdoor activities. Many also engage in racing and building highly customized high speed drones using first person view (FPV) goggles to fly against other pilots in a close loop course. Before engaging in this fun and rewarding activity there are many rules that a drone pilot must be aware of in order to safely and legally operate your drone. These rules do not apply to racing drones in sanctioned races but do apply to all drones flown in public airspace. All drones over 0.55lbs or 250g need to be registered through the FAA website and can not weigh over 55lbs. If you plan to fly your drone over highly populated areas such as towns, sporting events, or concerts you will need to check local rules and ordinances that require special local licensing, insurance, or approvals. Many higher end drones come with automated software that provides a geospatial mapping software in their interface that lets you know if you are flying in any restricted areas. These include airports, helipads, government facilities, wildlife sanctuaries, etc. All hobbyist drone pilots must follow two main rules. You can never fly above 400 feet and regardless of range you must keep the drone within line of sight. You are completely responsible for any damage your drone causes in the event of loss of control that results in a crash. Lastly, use common sense and don’t invade others' personal space or to invade others’ personal privacy. Staying within these guidelines can provide a joyful and rewarding experience for those who both fly and view the content produced by this hobby and will ensure our ability to do so into the future.",creative_writing I am a reader in the US and would like to get started in collecting special edition books. Where should I start?,,"Special edition books are printed in limited qualities, sometimes signed by the author, numbered, have unique cover designs compared to the trade editions, and some have sprayed or stenciled edges. In the US, a popular publisher is Subterranean Press that offers many titles typically of the science fiction, fantasy, and horror genres. The UK has several options such as Illumicrate and Fairy Loot. These companies usually offer signed special editions with author signatures, unique covers, and decorative edges. Genres primarily offered include young adult fantasy. For the company with the widest selection, Goldsboro Books is the best option. The special editions are hand signed, numbered, and have sprayed or stencil edges. While Goldsboro Books offers many science fiction and fantasy options, they also offer many other genres including literary fiction, historical fiction, mysteries, and thrillers. Please keep in mind that readers it will cost US readers more when ordering from UK companies due to the pound-dollar conversion and costlier international shipping fees.",open_qa Why does it get hotter in the summer?,,"During summer, the northern hemisphere tilts towards the Sun. As a result, the Sun shines longer in the summer, and the longer it shines, the hotter it gets. At this time southern hemisphere has winter. Then things swap six months later when the bottom half is closer to the Sun.",brainstorming Summarize the battle of Pävankhind.,"Battle of Pävankhind was a rearguard last stand that took place on 13 July 1660, at a mountain pass in the vicinity of fort Vishalgad, near the city of Kolhapur with the Maratha warrior Baji Prabhu Deshpande and Sambhu Singh Jadhav against Siddi Masud of the Bijapur Sultanate. The engagement ended with the destruction of the Maratha forces, and a tactical victory for the Bijapur Sultanate that failed to achieve a strategic victory.","In 1660, Shivaji Maharaj was trapped in the fort of Panhala, under siege and vastly outnumbered by an Adilshah army led by an Abyssinian General called Siddi Masud. Shivaji Maharaj planned to escape to the Maratha fort of Vishalgad. Two Maratha sardars under the Adilshahi General Siddi Jouhar, namely Suryarao Surve and Jaswantrao Dalvi had also encircled the fort of Vishalgad simultaneously. Shivaji Maharaj waited for months, planning and depleting the Adilshah's food source. Shivaji Maharaj, Baji Prabhu, and around 600 of their best troops, would dash through the Adilshahi force at night. A man named Shiva Kashid, who resembled Shivaji Maharaj in appearance, had volunteered to dress like the king and get captured. This bought some additional time due to the confusion over identity, before Siddi Masud realised the error and gave chase. Baji Prabhu Deshpande Statue in Panhala Fort Shivaji Maharaj made his escape on the dark night of 13 July, with his troops and the Adilshah army was in pursuit with an army of 10,000. It was clear that there was no way to shake off the enemy, and that the Marathas would not simultaneously prevail over both the Moghul garrison at Vishalgad and the chasing Adilshahi army. The only option was for a section of the Marathas to stay back and fight the larger Adilshahi forces in a rearguard action, while the rest of the Marathas would carry on to their destination. Shivaji Maharaj decided to split his forces. Baji Prabhu agreed to face the troops of Bijapur with 300 soldiers. Shivaji Maharaj told Baji Prabhu that he would hear cannons being fired 5 times from Vishalgad, signaling Shivaji Maharaj’s safety. The strategic position of Ghod Khind (Horse Pass) was chosen for the defence, as it was very narrow and only a few soldiers could pass at any one time.",summarization What are the most common injuries in rowing?,"Rowing is a low-impact sport with movement only in defined ranges, so that twist and sprain injuries are rare. However, the repetitive rowing action can put strain on knee joints, the spine and the tendons of the forearm, and inflammation of these are the most common rowing injuries. If one rows with poor technique, especially rowing with a curved rather than straight back, other injuries may surface, including back pains and wrist injuries. Blisters occur for almost all rowers, especially in the beginning of one's rowing career, as every stroke puts pressure on the hands, though rowing frequently tends to harden hands and generate protective calluses. Holding the oars too tightly or making adjustments to technique may cause recurring or new blisters, as it is common to feather the blade. Another common injury is getting ""track bites"", thin cuts on the back of one's calf or thigh caused by contact with the seat tracks at either end of the stroke.","The most common injuries in rowing are inflammation of the knees, spine and forearms. Oher common injuries also include hand blisters and track bites.",summarization Turtle ship,"A Geobukseon, also known as a turtle ship in western descriptions, was a type of large Korean warship that was used intermittently by the Royal Korean Navy during the Joseon dynasty from the early 15th century up until the 19th century. It was used alongside the panokseon warships in the fight against invading Japanese naval ships. The ship's name derives from its protective shell-like covering. One of a number of pre-industrial armored ships developed in Europe and in East Asia, this design has been described by some as the first armored ship in the world. The first references to older, first-generation turtle ships, known as gwiseon (귀선; Korean pronunciation: [kɥisʌn]), come from 1413 and 1415 records in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, which mention a mock battle between a gwiseon and a Japanese warship. However, these early turtle ships soon fell out of use as Korea's naval preparedness decreased during a long period of relative peace. Turtle ships participated in the war against Japanese naval forces supporting Toyotomi Hideyoshi's attempts to conquer Korea from 1592 to 1598. Korean Admiral Yi Sun-sin, who won all battles against the Japanese Navy, is credited with designing the improved turtle ship. From their first appearance in the Battle of Sacheon, his turtle ships, equipped with at least five different types of cannon, greatly contributed to winning 16 times in 16 battles against the Japanese Navy until they were destroyed, under the command of Won Gyun, in the Battle of Chilcheollyang. Their most distinguishable feature was a dragon-shaped head at the bow (front) that could launch cannon fire or flames from the mouth. Each was also equipped with a fully covered deck to protect against arrow fire, musket-shots, and incendiary weapons. The deck was covered with iron spikes to discourage the enemy from attempting to board the ship.","The Geobukseon is the most famous Korean warship, winning all 16 battles against the Japanese navy with which Toyotomi Hideyoshi attempted to conquer Korea from 1592 to 1598.",summarization Write a consoling message to my friend who didn’t get the job they wanted,,"Dear ____ I’m so sorry you didn’t get the job, but some things aren’t meant to be and I strongly believe that everything happens for a reason. Your dream job might be just around the corner, and their loss is your next employers gain. I’m here if you ever need to talk. Kind Regards, ____",creative_writing Give me some ideas on how to grow tomatoes in my back yard.,,"1. Plant tomatoes directly in the ground with a support system like a trellis 2. Plant tomatoes in a raised bed with support cages around each plant 3. Place tomatoes in individual pots, use the string method to support tomatoes",brainstorming Give me a list of the venues that were used for the US Open Golf tournament through the years 1986-1990,,"1986 - Shinnecock Hills Golf Club 1987 - Olympic Club (Lake Course) 1988 - The Country Club (Composite Course) 1989 - Oak Hill (East Course) 1990 - Medinah Country Club (Course No. 3)",brainstorming "Which of the following can fly: bird, cow, cat, dog, car, helicopter, drone, bike, pot, butterfly, feather?",,"The objects that can fly are: bird, helicopter, drone, butterfly. The objects that cannot fly are: cow, cat, dog, car, bike, pot, feather. However, someone may claim that a feather can fly as well because it's light enough and a mild wind blow could make it fly.",classification "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Procoptodon, Polar Bear",,"Polar Bear is alive, Procoptodon is extinct.",classification Describe the benefits of living in a small town.,,"Small town living provides a multitude of good and bad experiences which can be influenced on your personal desires. In a small town rumors and news can travel fast since the social circles are smaller and everyone tends to be more connected. It can be rare to go out and not see someone whom you know or are friends with. With fewer strangers, a small town can feel more safe and comfortable. Often times a small town is more walkable since geographically it is likely to cover a smaller area.",creative_writing Extract what model originated the first practical definition of a digital twin as well as the name of the organization and the year of creation separated by dashes,"A digital twin is a digital representation of an intended or actual real-world physical product, system, or process (a physical twin) that serves as the effectively indistinguishable digital counterpart of it for practical purposes, such as simulation, integration, testing, monitoring, and maintenance. The digital twin has been intended from its initial introduction to be the underlying premise for Product Lifecycle Management and exists throughout the entire lifecycle (create, build, operate/support, and dispose) of the physical entity it represents. Since information is granular, the digital twin representation is determined by the value-based use cases it is created to implement. The digital twin can and does often exist before there is a physical entity. The use of a digital twin in the create phase allows the intended entity's entire lifecycle to be modeled and simulated. A digital twin of an existing entity can, but must not necessarily, be used in real time and regularly synchronized with the corresponding physical system.Though the concept originated earlier, the first practical definition of a digital twin originated from NASA in an attempt to improve physical-model simulation of spacecraft in 2010. Digital twins are the result of continual improvement in the creation of product design and engineering activities. Product drawings and engineering specifications have progressed from handmade drafting to computer-aided drafting/computer-aided design to model-based systems engineering and strict link to signal from the physical counterpart.",physical-model simulation of a spacecraft - NASA - 2010,information_extraction Who is the best actor in the world,,"Shah Rukh Khan Tom Cruise Keanu reeves",brainstorming "Which of the following exercises are push exercises: bench press, bicep curl, skull crusher, tricep extension, pull up, dumbbell row.",,"Bench press, skull crusher, tricep extension.",classification What are the best tips for professional Safari photography ?,,"-Patience is key, while most animals have predictable migratory patterns, a number of factors can occur to disrupt that. If you are in a vehicle, try driving around and finding other spots. -Carry at least 2 cameras, one with a wide angle lens and one with telephoto lens. As you won’t have time to swap out lenses as different animals move around you. -Gear can be very heavy, so don’t bring too large a telephoto lens, as shooting from a vehicle can be challenging. -Be conscious of your surroundings, don’t be too distracted as you are still in an active environment and animals can react to you.",brainstorming Paul McCartney credits which artist with teaching him everything he knows?,,Little Richard.,open_qa What is an illegal building technique?,,"An illegal building technique is a Lego piece connection that is officially listed as illegal by the Lego corporation. They are never used in official Lego sets. This is because these building techniques stress the Lego pieces beyond their intended use and cause the pieces to get damaged over time. For example, sandwiching a Lego plate in between two Lego studs is an illegal technique as this was not their intended use, and the distance between the Lego studs is not wide enough to fit the Lego plate without damaging one of the pieces.",open_qa Best sports in the world,,F1. F1 is best sport in the world because it has most adrenaline rush and people like Pace and speed.,brainstorming "Which are the U.S. cities and which are U.S. states in this list? Montana, Chicago, New York, Atlanta, Honolulu, Florida, Austin, South Dakota",,"U.S. cities in the list: Chicago, New York, Atlanta, Honolulu, Austin U.S. states in the list: Montana, New York, Florida, South Dakota",classification What is the new format of world cup 2026,"On March 14, 2023, the FIFA Council approved a revised format featuring 12 four-team groups. The reconsideration stemmed from concerns over the possibility of collusion in the last group games of three-team groups. Under the revised format, the total number of games played will increase from 64 to 104, and the number of games played by finalists will increase from seven to eight. The tournament would be completed in 39 days, an increase from 32 days of the 2014 and 2018 tournaments. Each team would still play three group matches, with the top 8 third-placed teams joining the group winners and runners-up in a new round of 32","The Fifa world cup 2026 will be hosted in Canada, Mexico and the USA. This will be the first world cup ever featuring 48 teams across 12 groups. Number of games will increase from 64 games to 104 and the tournament will be 39 days vs 32 days of the 2014 and 2018 tournaments. As part of this growth Fifa is redistributing the slot allocations for new teams to include more teams from Africa, Asia and OFC and North America.",summarization "You have purchased a product with which you are satisfied. Write a short review describing your experience the product: ""Unisex Anti Fog No Leaking Swimming Goggles with Adjustable Silicone for Men Women Adult Youth"".",,"These streamlined swimming goggles seem to very comparable in terms of quality with the other brands I've used. The coating on the lenses inhibits fog buildup, and the silicone straps are comfortable and broadly adjustable, providing a comfortable leak-proof seal for all sizes. I also love the universal style that can accommodate men or women. They're about as stylish as something like this could be.",creative_writing India’s overall food grain production (based on 4th Advance estimates) is estimated to have touched how much?,,315.72 million tonnes in 2021-22 crop year ( last year it was 310.74mt),open_qa What is the most likely solution to fermi's paradox,,"This is highly debatable topic and there are several solutions to the Fermi's paradox.However the great filter seems to be the one which has high probabilities than other. in the Great Filter scenario, something occurs to civilization at some point of their lifetime that cause termination and extinction. it is not clear so far what that event could be, and whether it is man-made or form outside.",creative_writing What are the Wimbledon Championships?,"The Wimbledon Championships, commonly known simply as Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world and is widely regarded as the most prestigious. It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London, since 1877 and is played on outdoor grass courts, with retractable roofs over the two main courts since 2019.","The Wimbledon Championships, commonly known simply as Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world and is widely regarded as the most prestigious. It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London, since 1877 and is played on outdoor grass courts, with retractable roofs over the two main courts since 2019. Wimbledon is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, the others being the Australian Open, the French Open, and the US Open. Wimbledon is the only major still played on grass, the traditional tennis playing surface. Also, it is the only Grand Slam that retains a night-time curfew, though matches can now continue until 11.00 pm under the lights. The tournament traditionally takes place over two weeks in late June and early July, starting on the last Monday in June and culminating with the Ladies' and Gentlemen's Singles Finals, scheduled for the Saturday and Sunday at the end of the second week. Five major events are held each year, with additional junior and invitational competitions also taking place. In 2009, Wimbledon's Centre Court was fitted with a retractable roof to lessen the loss of playing time due to rain. A roof was operational over No. 1 Court from 2019, when a number of other improvements were made, including adding cushioned seating, a table and 10 independently operable cameras per court to capture the games. Wimbledon traditions include a strict all-white dress code for competitors, and royal patronage. Strawberries and cream are traditionally consumed at the tournament. Unlike other tournaments, advertising is minimal and low key from official suppliers such as Slazenger and Rolex. The relationship with Slazenger is the world's longest-running sporting sponsorship, providing balls for the tournament since 1902. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 Wimbledon was cancelled, the first cancellation of the tournament since World War II. The rescheduled 134th edition was staged from 28 June 2021 to 11 July 2021, following from the 2020 cancellation. The 135th edition was played between 27 June 2022 and 10 July 2022, and regularly scheduled play occurred on the middle Sunday for the first time. It marks the centenary of the inaugural championships staged at the Centre Court. The ATP, ITF, and WTA did not award ranking points for the 2022 tournament, due to controversy over the tournament excluding players representing Russia and Belarus. The 2023 Wimbledon Championships will be the 136th staging and will run from 3 July 2023 to 16 July 2023 and it will be the first event of King Charles III since the death of the former patron, Queen Elizabeth II on 8 September 2022.",summarization "Which of the following are stringed instruments and which are wind instruments: horn, violin, cello, trumpet, flute, clarinet, guitar, sitar, ukulele, bouzouki, oboe, saxophone",,"Horn, trumpet, flute, clarinet, oboe and saxophone are wind instruments. Violine, cello, guitar, sitar, ukulele and bouzouki are string instruments.",classification Is a person with dark brown hair considered a brunette?,,"Yes, a brunette is a person with brown or black hair color. It typically refers to people with darker hair color which includes black and dark brown hair. There is no separate term for people with black hair. Brunette refers to a female with darker hair and and brunet refers to a male with darker hair.",open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Tikataalik, Tree Kangaroo",,"Tree Kangaroo is alive, Tikataalik is extinct.",classification Which is the largest football stadium in Europe,"Camp Nou (Catalan pronunciation: [ˌkamˈnɔw], meaning new field, often referred to in English as the Nou Camp), officially branded as Spotify Camp Nou for sponsorship reasons, is a football stadium in Barcelona, Spain. It has been the home stadium of FC Barcelona since its completion in 1957. With a current seating capacity of 99,354, it is the largest stadium in Spain and Europe, and the second largest association football stadium in the world. It has hosted two European Cup/Champions League finals in 1989 and 1999, two European Cup Winners' Cup finals, four Inter-Cities Fairs Cup final games, five UEFA Super Cup games, four Copa del Rey finals, two Copa de la Liga finals, and twenty-one Supercopa de España finals. It also hosted five matches in the 1982 FIFA World Cup (including the opening game), two out of four matches at the 1964 European Nations' Cup, and the football tournament's final at the 1992 Summer Olympics. On 15 March 2022, it was announced that music streaming service Spotify had reached a deal with FC Barcelona to acquire the naming rights to the stadium in a deal worth $310 million. Following the approval of the sponsorship agreement with Spotify by FC Barcelona's Extraordinary Assembly of Delegate Members on 3 April 2022, the stadium was officially renamed on 1 July 2022 as Spotify Camp Nou. In April 2022, it was announced that renovation of the stadium will commence in June 2022 after the season's end.","The Camp Nou, meaning new field, often referred to in English as the Nou Camp), officially branded as Spotify Camp Nou for sponsorship reasons, is a football stadium in Barcelona, Spain. It has been the home stadium of FC Barcelona since its completion in 1957. With a current seating capacity of 99,354, it is the largest stadium in Spain and Europe, and the second largest association football stadium in the world. It has hosted two European Cup/Champions League finals in 1989 and 1999, two European Cup Winners' Cup finals, four Inter-Cities Fairs Cup final games, five UEFA Super Cup games, four Copa del Rey finals, two Copa de la Liga finals, and twenty-one Supercopa de España finals. It also hosted five matches in the 1982 FIFA World Cup (including the opening game), two out of four matches at the 1964 European Nations' Cup, and the football tournament's final at the 1992 Summer Olympics. On 15 March 2022, it was announced that music streaming service Spotify had reached a deal with FC Barcelona to acquire the naming rights to the stadium in a deal worth $310 million. Following the approval of the sponsorship agreement with Spotify by FC Barcelona's Extraordinary Assembly of Delegate Members on 3 April 2022, the stadium was officially renamed on 1 July 2022 as Spotify Camp Nou. In April 2022, it was announced that renovation of the stadium will commence in June 2022 after the season's end.",summarization What are the different towns that make up New England?,,"New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.",brainstorming What does IHAC mean?,,"It is short hand for 'I have a customer.' This phrase is regularly used in companies that sell products or have a professional services and go to market divisions. The reason it used is because revenue is generated from customer accounts who use the platform the company is selling. Account Executives and Solution Architects are assigned to an account, and when they need to make reference to a customer questions or need they may start by saying ""IHAC who needs help with this product or service.""",open_qa A las vegas seven days trip itinerary including budget and activities for a group of 5 friends.,,"A las vegas 7-day trip from Bangalore to Las Vegas for a group of 5 people. A trip begins with packing. Check the weather forecast for all your travel destinations and plan your clothes accordingly. Your bag itinerary must have common medicines, and also, if you are allergic, be specific about packing what you need. Always keep a pair of cloth in cabin baggage if check-in baggage has a delay - you can stay a day or two with the clothes packed in cabin baggage. Make sure to have some snacks in the cabin baggage Make sure to keep travel documents copy set in all luggage you carry. Make sure to have some local currency as well ready before you travel. Make sure all hotels, Airport pickup and drop are booked, and you keep a copy of those documents. Flight charges from Bangalore to LasVegas cost between 130k to 180k per person depending on the carrier and seat preference( Economy or first class) Now that you have done pre checklist, now below are the things to do in Las Vegas In Las Vegas - Visit the Bellagio fountain at night. Check out High Roller Observation Wheel Visit the Neon Museum Walk at night in the las vegas strip If you are interested in casinos, tons of casinos start from the Airport. In the las vegas strip, you can visit MGM Grand, The Venetian, etc., for Casinos. Visit the Shark Reef Aquarium at Mandalay Bay Visit the Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area You can hire a rental car - The cost per day is approx. 70 to 100 USD per person if divided by all five people Visit the Hoover Dam in a car Next, you can plan for Zion National Park and prepare for hiking trails. Next move to Grand Canyon Stay in Page, Arizona From there, you can visit GC National Park's South rim and north rim Don't miss Horseshoe Bend and Grand Canyon Lower and Upper Antelope Canyon tours So these places can be covered in LasVegas for three days and Page, Arizona for three days You can head back to LasVegas and Shopping for one day and catch the next flight back to your hometown Expenses per person per day, 1000 USD to 1500 USD, depending on whether you are in a budget hotel. Except for Food. Food costs up to 50 to 100 USD per day.",creative_writing "What does ""time flies"" mean?",,"When we are busy and having fun, our brains perceive time passage differently. Hence the expression time flies.",open_qa Give me a list of the last 10 mens college hockey champions.,,2022 Denver; 2021 Massachusetts; 2019 Minnesota Duluth; 2018 Minnesota Duluth; 2017 Denver; 2016 North Dakota; 2015 Providence; 2014 Union; 2013 Yale; 2012 Boston College,brainstorming What are the words of House Allyrion?,,"""No Foe May Pass""",open_qa What happened at the 1936 United States presidential election,,"The 1936 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 3, 1936, as part of the 1936 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Nevada was won by incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt (D–New York), running with Vice President John Nance Garner, with 72.81% of the popular vote, against Governor Alf Landon (R–Kansas), running with Frank Knox, with 27.19% of the popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last occasion Douglas County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate, and the last time a Democratic nominee won every single county in the state.",open_qa What is the main cause of lightning?,,Lightning happens when the negative charges (electrons) in the bottom of the cloud are attracted to the positive charges (protons) in the ground.,open_qa "Tell me if the following tourist attractions in Barcelona are free or paid: Park Güell, Parc de la Ciutadella, La Boqueria, Tibidabo, Casa Battló, La Rambla, Born Centre Cultural, La Sagrada Familia, La Pedrera, La Barceloneta, Palau de Música Catalana, Camp Nou",,"Park Güell - paid Parc de la Ciutadella - free La Boqueria - free Tibidabo - free Casa Battló - paid La Rambla - free Born Centre Cultural - free La Sagrada Familia - paid La Pedrera - paid La Barceloneta - free Palau de Música Catalana - paid Camp Nou - paid",classification Explain to me why people decide to go vegan.,,"Vegans are primarily concerned with animal welfare. Humans do not need to eat animal products to be healthy, so using animals for food is unnecessary. Under capitalism, trillions of animals are raised in horrible conditions each year to be slaughtered to satisfy human taste buds. However, even if an animal is raised in conditions better than a factory farm, killing them is purely for taste since humans do not need to eat them to survive. Vegans view this as immoral and choose to not use animal products. Additionally, meat has a high carbon footprint compared to eating plants. Beef is a particularly bad offender. Vast swathes of the rainforest are cleared away to make room to raise cows for slaughter. Many vegans also care about the environment and avoiding animal products is a way to contribute less damage to the environment.",creative_writing Give me a list of the greatest basketball players of all time.,,"Michael Jordan and Lebron James are often considered as the two greatest basketball players of all time. In addition, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Bill Russell, Magic Johnson, Kobe Bryant, and Larry Bird are all considered amongst the best basketball players to play the game.",brainstorming "Classify each of the following countries as either democratic or authoritarian: USA, Russia, China, Sweden, UK.",,"According to the Democracy Index, compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) USA, Sweden and UK are fully democratic countries whereas Russia and China belong to authoritarian regimes.",classification Should we all use Qubes OS for most daily task that involve the internet?,"Qubes implements a Security by Isolation approach. The assumption is that there can be no perfect, bug-free desktop environment: such an environment counts millions of lines of code and billions of software/hardware interactions. One critical bug in any of these interactions may be enough for malicious software to take control of a machine.",I have been using Qubes OS for all my online activities for the last few years. Qubes' disposable VM concept fit nicely in this use case.,summarization Who are the best guitarists of all time?,,"Although there have been many great guitarists over the years, Slash, Eric Clapton, Eddie Van Halen, Jimi Hendrix, Carlos Santana, Slash, Prince and Jimmy Page are the most commonly thought of as the best ever.",brainstorming What are three popular movies with Steve Carell?,,"Three popular movies with Steve Carell are: 1. The 40-Year-Old Virgin 2. Crazy Stupid Love 3. The Big Short",open_qa Should I go to the beach or mountains for my next vacation?,,"We have vacation homes in many locations to fit your needs! You can enjoy warmer temperatures at the beach with beautiful sunsets across the water. Go for a run on the sand and stop by the many local shops and boutiques as you mingle through the day. Are you an adventure seeker? If so, check out our mountain rental homes. You can go mountain biking, hiking, or even skiing, depending on the time of year. A mountain vacation is a bit more of a thrill seeker dream but can be relaxing as well as spending time in nature.",creative_writing Why do we have fences?,,"Fences are used to physically show where your home lot start and where it ends. It is also used to give you privacy from your neighbors and private space you can enjoy with friends, family and pets. Fences can be decorated with plants or lights, or they can be painted to match another exterior color (e.g. house bricks). Fences are made out wood planks that are nailed to perpendicular 2.x4 planks of wood with steel nails.",open_qa "Determine which companies are primarily cloud-software companies and which are semiconductor companies: Intel, Google, Workday, Zscaler, AMD, NVIDIA, and Texas Instruments.",,"Intel, AMD, NVIDIA, and Texas Instruments are primarily semiconductor companies. Workday and Zscaler are fully cloud-software companies. Google is primarily a software company, however, they also develop custom-developed application-specific integrated circuits which are semiconductors.",classification What is the difference between futures and options?,,"An option gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy (or sell) an asset at a specific price at any time during the life of the contract. A futures contract obligates the buyer to purchase a specific asset, and the seller to sell and deliver that asset, at a specific future date.",open_qa Give me a list of the Avengers,,"These are some of the Avengers that have appeared in the Marvel Comics: - Iron Man - Captain America - Hulk - Thor - Spiderman - Black Panther - Black Widow - Hawkeye - Ant Man - Doctor Strange",brainstorming What are the ways you can eat an apple.,,"You can eat the apple raw. Or you can add it in custard. You can also have caramelised apple. I am sure you must have heard of apple pie. You can try apple cake, sure apple sauce too, not sure how it would taste though, never really tried it. How about apple juice, or apple chips. I think there's a whole lot way to eat apple than the regular way, but I bet eating raw is the healthiest of all.",brainstorming "Classify each of the following as something used for drinking or eating: cup, bottle, plate, bowl, fork, spoon, can",,"Cup: Drinking Bottle: Drinking Plate: Eating Bowl: Eating Fork: Eating Spoon: Eating Can: Drinking",classification What is Freezing Rain?,,"Freezing rain occurs when snowflakes descend into a warmer layer of air and melt completely. When these liquid water drops fall through another thin layer of freezing air just above the surface, they don't have enough time to refreeze before reaching the ground. Because they are “supercooled,” they instantly refreeze upon contact with anything that that is at or below freezing (32 degrees F), creating a glaze of ice on the ground, trees, power lines, or other objects. Even light accumulations can cause dangerous travel, while heavier amounts can cause significant damage to trees and power lines. A significant accumulation of freezing rain lasting several hours or more is called an ice storm.",open_qa Give me a list of different ways to brew coffee,,"Drip brew, french press, espresso, pour over, percolator",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: North Drums, Gunbri",,"Gunbri is string, North Drums is percussion.",classification "Which items from this list are types of poems and which are types of insurance: sonnet, disability, haiku, limerick, auto, umbrella, whole life, and homeowners.",,"The types of poems from this list include: sonnet, haiku, and limerick. The types of insurance include: disability, auto, umbrella, whole life, and homeowners.",classification What are all of the professional football teams in the state of California?,,"The professional football teams in the state of California are the Los Angeles Rams, Los Angeles Chargers, and San Francisco 49ers.",open_qa "Are these things you would find in a jungle? Categorize them as Yes, Maybe and No Way: Rivers Fence Trees Iphones Subway Animals Mosquitos Wildfires Mountains Electric scooters Flora Crocodiles Trump Tower Fauna",,"Yes: Trees Animals Mosquitos Flora Fauna Maybe: Wildfires Mountains Rivers Fence Crocodiles No Way: Iphones Subway Electric scooters Trump Tower",classification List the ingredients to make the best Greek salad,,"Salad: Mixed greens, tomato, cucumber, red onion, Kalamata olives, lots of feta cheese, marinated artichoke hearts, hearts of palm, hemp seeds, beets, pink salt, fresh ground black pepper, lots of oregano Dressing: Olive oil, fresh squeezed lemon juice",brainstorming How does a person get new hobbies once they are older?,,"Often times, once people reach adult hood they struggle to pick up new hobbies. They may think they are too old to learn something new, too busy, or its just out of their comfort zone. However, it is important to continue to pursue things you are passionate about, and we also need to recognize its likely these things will change over time. This creates the need to continue to be willing to explore and learn new things. While there are many types of hobbies and one is not better than another per se, there is great value in having hobbies that you engage in physically, yourself.",creative_writing "Tell me where you would find each of these in a bathroom or bedroom: sheets, pillows, toilet, shower, sink, bed, bidet",,"Sheets: Bedroom Pillows: Bedroom Toilet: Bathroom Shower: Bathroom Sink: Bathroom Bed: Bedroom Bidet: Bathroom",classification Why the certain animals called the big five ?,,"These refer specifically to 5 most dangerous types of animals in Africa, that kill humans. They also sometimes referred to the 5 most dangerous types of animals to hunt in Africa.",brainstorming Which is the best place to Kayak in Austin?,,Lady Bird Lake in Austin downtown is revered to be the best place to go Kayaking. Paddlers can choose to head west from the Rowing Dock to take in nature views. But a small paddle down the river to the east will greet paddlers to magnificent downtown skyline views.,open_qa "Classify each of the following as being opaque or transparent: Window, wall, lens, glass, wood, cement",,"Window: Transparent Wall: Opaque Lens: Transparent Glass: Transparent Wood: Opaque Cement: Opaque",classification What is a good dad joke?,,What do you call an okay factory? A satisfactory.,open_qa Give me some ideas around improving my writing skills,,"1. Read some nice writing and literary pieces. They should not be classical, can also be from bloggers that you admire and try to learn from their writing style. 2. One can leverage some writing softwares e.g. Grammarly, Wordtune, etc, as they immensely help with nice tips and suggestions. 3. Take services of a professional like writing coach to receive some guided approach and learning 4. Try to write as much as possible. It might sound counter intuitive but based on the law of numbers, writing more, helps one align and develop own writing style and rhythm. As the saying goes ""practice makes a man perfect"".",brainstorming "What are some good US and Canada summer vacation ideas if I like mountains, lakes, and trees?",,"There are many great locations in the US and Canada. Here's a list restricted to places with mountains, lakes, and trees: 1. Maine and Vermont 2. Minnesota 3. Yosemite and Lake Tahoe 4. Northern California, Oregon, and Washington 5. British Columbia 6. Lake Louise",brainstorming Why did the San Francisco 49ers lose some fans in the mid-2000s?,,"In 2005, the San Francisco 49ers drafted Alex Smith with the #1 pick in the NFL draft. The organization selected Smith, a Quarterback from the University of Utah and originally from Bremerton, WA, over Aaron Rodgers. Aaron Rodgers, a Quarterback from the University of California originally from Chico, CA, ultimately was drafted by the Green Bay Packers with pick #35 and went on to become one of the most highly regarded quarterbacks of all time. After passing on Rodgers, the 49ers missed the playoffs for the next 5 seasons. Since they had missed the playoffs the previous three seasons, many fans were left extremely frustrated.",brainstorming Name three schools that are part of the university of London,,"The London school of economics, the school of oriental and African studies and kings college",open_qa Make a bullet list of three different types of meat I could get in a taco,,"- Pollo Asado - Carne asada - Al Pastor",brainstorming Tell me who were the last three monarchs of the United Kingdom. Give it to me in a bulleted list with the format ( - ),,"The last three monarchs of the United Kingdom are: - Charles III (8 September 2022 - Present) - Elizabeth II (6 February 1952 - 8 September 2022) - George VI (11 December 1936 - 6 February 1952)",brainstorming What is the paleolithic?,,"The word ""Paleolithic"" comes from the Greek for ""ancient stone."" It refers to a time period of several million years in the past, from the beginning of humans to the invention of agriculture about 10 million years ago, when stone tools were made and used.",open_qa What is multipass distillation?,,Multipass distillation is taking water and distilled it hundreds of times per gallon made by ultra heating and cooling the water many times per minute. This action itself will change the bond angle of water from 104 degrees which is traditional tap water to 114 degrees. This bond angle change is a permanent change to the produced multi-pass distilled water. It has properties that can heal the body similar to stream water coming down a mountain which usually has a bond angle around 108 degrees.,open_qa "Classify each country as landlocked or not landlocked: China, Bolivia, Paraguay, Morocco, Ireland, Austria, Switzerland",,"China: Not Landlocked Bolivia: Landlocked Paraguay: Landlocked Morocco: Not Landlocked Ireland: Not Landlocked Austria: Landlocked Switzerland: Landlocked",classification Write a convincing letter to complain to a perfume manufacturer about a broken perfume bottle.,,"Hi I recently ordered one of your perfume bottles. When the bottle arrived, I was disappointed to find out that there was a crack in the glass, and that some of the contents of the bottle had leaked into the surroundings. Unfortunately, this makes it impossible for me to use the bottle, or to take it on a trip for fear of further leaks. Is there any chance you could refund the price of the bottle, or alternatively send me a new one? Kind regards",creative_writing "Give me a list of the last five ""Best New Artist"" Grammy winners.",,"1. Samara Joy, 2023 2. Olivia Rodrigo, 2022 3. Megan Thee Stallion, 2021 4. Billie Eilish, 2020 5. Dua Lipa, 2019",brainstorming How many data categorization impact levels does the Department of Defense define and provide authorizations for?,,"The DoD offers authorizations for IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6.",open_qa Give me an overview of the inspiration of the development of Barbie based on this passage,"Ruth Handler watched her daughter Barbara play with paper dolls, and noticed that she often enjoyed giving them adult roles. At the time, most children's toy dolls were representations of infants. Realizing that there could be a gap in the market, Handler suggested the idea of an adult-bodied doll to her husband Elliot, a co-founder of the Mattel toy company. He was unenthusiastic about the idea, as were Mattel's directors. During a trip to Europe in 1956 with her children Barbara and Kenneth, Ruth Handler came across a German toy doll called Bild Lilli. The adult-figured doll was exactly what Handler had in mind, so she purchased three of them. She gave one to her daughter and took the others back to Mattel. The Lilli doll was based on a popular character appearing in a comic strip drawn by Reinhard Beuthin for the newspaper Bild. Lilli was a blonde bombshell, a working girl who knew what she wanted and was not above using men to get it. The Lilli doll was first sold in Germany in 1955, and although it was initially sold to adults, it became popular with children who enjoyed dressing her up in outfits that were available separately.","The Barbie Doll was invented by Ruth Handler, who was inspired by a German Doll called Bild Lilli. Unlike most American dolls, which were infants, Lilli was an adult. Ruth was inspired to make a similar type of doll for her daughter because she noticed her daughter liked to give her dolls adult rolls.",summarization What is the Culture Against Man,,"Culture Against Man is a 1963 book-length ethnography by anthropologist Jules Henry of his native United States culture. The book is presented in three parts: American life and its institutions, discussion on child-rearing, and discussion on nursing homes.",open_qa Does Niksar have a castle?,"Niksar, historically known as Neocaesarea (Νεοκαισάρεια), is a city in Tokat Province, Turkey. It was settled by many empires, being once the capital city of the province. Niksar is known as ""Çukurova of North-Anatolia"" due to its production of many kinds of fruits and vegetables. On May 2, 2018, Niksar was included in the World Heritage tentative list","Yes, Niksar has a historic castle overlooking the old city. It is used during Roman, Byzantium and Ottoman times.",closed_qa what can you do,,"As an artificial intelligence i would love to perform all the activities as required by you, few of them are as below 1) QnA - Oh i love these queries and answers related stuff on any topic your heart desires 2) Language - I can अनुवाद from 任何 மொழி to ਕੋਈ ਵੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ (translate from any language to any language ;) ) 3) Casual chat - oh am good at chatting, i can keep chatting, i would love to chat, I love to chat. I can do this all day, you get it, let me stop. 4) Technical Assistance - Alpha, beta, java, SQL, coding, support - you name it i will help on it. There are many apart from this, my capabilities are constantly expanding and evolving as I'm being continuously trained on more and more data(i like to eat also while chatting ;) )",open_qa Is double checked locking safe?,"In software engineering, double-checked locking (also known as ""double-checked locking optimization"") is a software design pattern used to reduce the overhead of acquiring a lock by testing the locking criterion (the ""lock hint"") before acquiring the lock. Locking occurs only if the locking criterion check indicates that locking is required. The pattern, when implemented in some language/hardware combinations, can be unsafe. At times, it can be considered an anti-pattern. It is typically used to reduce locking overhead when implementing ""lazy initialization"" in a multi-threaded environment, especially as part of the Singleton pattern. Lazy initialization avoids initializing a value until the first time it is accessed.","Double checked locking can be unsafe in some situations and is sometimes considered an anti-pattern. However, it can be implemented in a safe way.",closed_qa Write me a script for an upcoming All Hands meeting about our IPO prospects and how employees need to act in the quiet period.,,"Lately, I've received plenty of questions about a potential IPO. I want to answer those questions today — and talk about how we as a company will answer questions like that moving forward. For years, we’ve shared that one of our aspirations is to build a wildly successful public company. Everyone has a role to play in getting us there and delivering for customers and growing the business is the most important thing most of us can do. A typical milestone on a high-growth journey is an IPO. But as companies get more serious about a potential IPO, there is a period where they stop talking about an IPO. This might be counter-intuitive, but here’s why: there are important regulatory restrictions on what companies can and cannot say when it comes to company growth and plans as they approach becoming a public company. The consequences if you don’t follow those rules can be serious — the SEC can even delay our ability to go public if it determines we’ve improperly promoted an IPO. And that’s obviously a situation we want to avoid, should we be in a position to go public in the future. And even language like this — ""should we be in a position to go public in the future"" — is vague. That's for a reason: as we get closer to an IPO, what we can say is restricted and we need to make sure we don’t make promises, otherwise regulators could force us to delay our plans. So I’m going to share some updates about how we’ll need to communicate related to a potential IPO: In order to preserve the ability to IPO at some point in the future, the executive team and I will not be sharing explicit details on our IPO journey or timing at All Hands or in other company communications. We also won’t be sharing updates to our market valuation. Hiring managers and recruiters should not explicitly talk about an IPO or our revenue growth with candidates. Instead, emphasize our massive opportunity, how we’re innovating, delivering value to our customers, and what an awesome team we have. We can’t engage with public market investors or financial journalists on certain topics. That means if a financial analyst, research analyst or reporter reaches out to you, don’t respond and forward the email to the communications team. We also can’t talk about a potential IPO on social media or with friends and family. You get the idea. I know that this will be different for us. We’ve always been a transparent company and this change is hopefully a short-term one. But it is an important one and you all have a role to play in helping us remain compliant. We all have different, important roles to play in making this company a successful, long-term business. The most important thing we can all do is to continue delivering for our customers and building a successful business.",creative_writing Why is the ice smooth during ice hockey games?,,The ice hockey smoothing machine was invented in 1940 and is used to keep the ice rink smooth periodically between periods in the game.,open_qa Write a friendly email to my teacher asking her to postpone our quiz schedule for tomorrow to next week because our basketball team is in the championship game tonight and all students will be out late celebrating our schools victory with pride!,,"Dear Mrs. Johnson, I'm writing to request that you move tomorrows chemistry quiz to next week's class. As you know, our school basketball team is in the conference championship tonight. Most of the student body will either be in attendance or watching on TV (until late into the night.) We expect to win and to be celebrating our wonderful schools accomplishments. Given that this is such a great opportunity for our school to celebrate together, I think more students would attend and also do better on the quiz if it was postponed. Respectfully, Your best student Joe",creative_writing "Classify each of the following as either a typical cat name or dog name: Spot, Whiskers, Mittens, Buddy, Fido, Rover, Lassie, Rex, Felix, Socks, Tiger",,"Typical cat names: Whiskers, Mittens, Felix, Socks, Tiger Typical dog names: Spot, Buddy, Fido, Rover, Lassie, Rex",classification What is cryptocurrency?,,"Cryptocurrency is a currency that you can by with physical money and it is held as a digital currency. It is not backed by the FDIC or insured, and there is a lot of risk when investing in cryptocurrency. Because it is not regulated you can see price fluctuations as high as 90% loss or gain in cryptocurrency. It is also a decentralized digital currency. Cryptocurrency can be a good way to send large amounts of money abroad without having to pay an institution fees to do this through a wire and its immediate. It can be used to pay for certain goods and services too.",open_qa What are the four major subregions in Central Otago?,"""The Central Otago wine region is broken into multiple sub-regions, each with its own climate and characteristics. Bannockburn is a small Geographical Indication on the southern banks of the Kawarau River near Cromwell and is a very warm area that was known by gold miners as """"the Heart of the Desert"""". Grapes ripen early on sandy, silty loam soils. The elevation ranges from 220 to 370 metres (720 to 1,210 ft). Bendigo lies east of the Clutha River / Mata-Au and Lake Dunstan, with grapes planted at both medium elevation (220 metres (720 ft)) and high elevation terraces (330 to 350 metres (1,080 to 1,150 ft)). This warm area has semi arid soils at variable depths, with free draining soils at the lower levels and shallower soils at higher elevations. The Bendigo sub-region includes the vineyards at Tarras and Maori Point. Gibbston is a tight valley enclosed by mountainous terrain. About 250 hectares of vines are planted on sloping land on the southern bank of the Kawarau River. Gibbston is the coolest and highest of the sub-regions with vineyards between 320 and 420 metres (1,050 and 1,380 ft) altitude. It is sometimes referred to as the Queenstown subregion. Wānaka, the smallest of the sub-regions, has vineyards planted between the banks of Lake Wānaka and the town of Luggate to the east. Ranging between 290 to 320 metres (950 to 1,050 ft) above sea level, the vineyards have a similar but slightly warmer climate than those at Gibbston. The Alexandra Basin is surrounded by the Clutha River / Mata-Au and Manuherikia River and regularly records New Zealand's hottest summer temperatures. Schist outcrops dominate the arid landscape. A wide diurnal shift moderates the high temperatures. The Cromwell Basin contains the highest concentration of vines, in an area bounded by the Kawarau River, Lake Dunstan and the Pisa mountain range. It is a warm district characterised by semi arid, high terraces and moraines and gently sloping fans.""","The Central Otago wine region is broken into multiple sub-regions: Bannockburn, Bendigo, Bendigo and Wānaka",closed_qa What are the four major subregions in Central Otago?,"""The Central Otago wine region is broken into multiple sub-regions, each with its own climate and characteristics. Bannockburn is a small Geographical Indication on the southern banks of the Kawarau River near Cromwell and is a very warm area that was known by gold miners as """"the Heart of the Desert"""". Grapes ripen early on sandy, silty loam soils. The elevation ranges from 220 to 370 metres (720 to 1,210 ft). Bendigo lies east of the Clutha River / Mata-Au and Lake Dunstan, with grapes planted at both medium elevation (220 metres (720 ft)) and high elevation terraces (330 to 350 metres (1,080 to 1,150 ft)). This warm area has semi arid soils at variable depths, with free draining soils at the lower levels and shallower soils at higher elevations. The Bendigo sub-region includes the vineyards at Tarras and Maori Point. Gibbston is a tight valley enclosed by mountainous terrain. About 250 hectares of vines are planted on sloping land on the southern bank of the Kawarau River. Gibbston is the coolest and highest of the sub-regions with vineyards between 320 and 420 metres (1,050 and 1,380 ft) altitude. It is sometimes referred to as the Queenstown subregion. Wānaka, the smallest of the sub-regions, has vineyards planted between the banks of Lake Wānaka and the town of Luggate to the east. Ranging between 290 to 320 metres (950 to 1,050 ft) above sea level, the vineyards have a similar but slightly warmer climate than those at Gibbston. The Alexandra Basin is surrounded by the Clutha River / Mata-Au and Manuherikia River and regularly records New Zealand's hottest summer temperatures. Schist outcrops dominate the arid landscape. A wide diurnal shift moderates the high temperatures. The Cromwell Basin contains the highest concentration of vines, in an area bounded by the Kawarau River, Lake Dunstan and the Pisa mountain range. It is a warm district characterised by semi arid, high terraces and moraines and gently sloping fans.""","The Central Otago wine region is broken into multiple sub-regions: Bannockburn, Bendigo, Bendigo and Wānaka",closed_qa why is twitter messages limited to 140 characters,,Twitter was originally designed for phone text messages and most phones had a limited amount of characters to send messages.,open_qa What makes the Expanse series better than other sci-fi?,,"What really sets The Expanse apart from other popular science fiction is the science. It's common for sci-fi writers to throw the laws of physics out the window or create a fake invention that bends the rules without any scientific basis to make their concept work. The Expanse has a realism that is unparalleled. If you've ever found yourself yelling at your book or TV saying ""That's not even close to possible"" then this is the sci-fi series for you.",open_qa What are the different ways in which a batsman in cricket can be dismissed,,"There are 11 ways of getting out or dismissed in cricket: caught, leg before wicket (LBW), stumped, hit wicket, run out, bowled, handled the ball, obstructing the field, stumped, hitting the ball twice, and retired.",brainstorming Landlord can I get a dog.,,Dear Landlord. I am keen to get a rescue dog. I would like to request your support before I start my process. I will ensure you that I shall chose a dog that is small and will not disrupt the other tenants. Science is proving that pets are very good for mental health. I know my neighbours and I am sure they will not mind. I look forward to you support and I will keep you posted of my progress in finding a suitable pet that would be welcomed in the building. Many thanks. My best regards.,creative_writing "Classify the following foods by macronutrient: rice, banana, veal, tofu, butter, avocado, kangaroo, and pumpkin.",,"The three types of macronutrient are carbohydrate, protein and fat. Foods are typically made up of more than one macronutrient but are generally classed by the macronutrient they contain the most of. Rice, banana and pumpkin belong to the carbohydrates because they are high in carbohydrates. Veal, tofu and kangaroo are types of protein because the are high in protein. Butter and avocado are primarily composed of fats. Therefore, they belong to the fats macronutrient group.",classification "Tell me where the following numbers are odd or even: 13, 200, 334, 420, 5, 12",,"13: Odd 200: Even 334: Even 420: Even 5: Odd 12: Even",classification "Categorize these modes of transportation into ""would use to go across continents"" ""would use for daily commuting"" ""would use for fun"": car, bicycle, boat, airplane, dune buggy, skateboard, rv, truck, sled, train",,"Would use to go across continents: airplane, car, truck, train, boat Would use for daily commuting:car, truck, train, bicycle, skateboard, boat Would use for fun: sled, rv, dune buggy, sled, skateboard, bicycle, car, truck, boat",classification What are rare-earth materials,"A rare-earth mineral contains one or more rare-earth elements as major metal constituents. Rare-earth minerals are usually found in association with alkaline to peralkaline igneous complexes, in pegmatites associated with alkaline magmas and in or associated with carbonatite intrusives. Perovskite mineral phases are common hosts to rare-earth elements within the alkaline complexes. Mantle-derived carbonate melts are also carriers of the rare earths. Hydrothermal deposits associated with alkaline magmatism contain a variety of rare-earth minerals.","Although originally thought to be rare, many of the minerals are actually common in the Earth's crust. However, due to the difficulties in extracting the metal from the ore, rare is a fitting term.",information_extraction What causes a recession?,,"A recession is caused when a chain of events, like a line of dominoes, picks up momentum and does not stop until the economy shrinks. Each event is connected to something that happened before and something that will happen in the future. If the price of a hamburger goes up, you might stop buying hamburgers. This would impact a restaurant, and that would impact a server. There are many interconnected chains like this throughout the economy.",open_qa What business strategies or initiatives do you think will be key to Uber's long-term growth?,,"Business strategies and initiatives that will be key to Uber's long-term growth include: 1. Expansion of Uber Rides into new markets (e.g., South Korea, Japan, Germany) 2. Growth of Uber Advertising (e.g., sponsored listings, journey ads, car top ads) 3. Customer adoption of Uber One membership 4. Growth of New Verticals on the Uber Eats platform (e.g., Grocery, Convenience, Alcohol) 5. Expansion of Uber Direct to more markets and merchants 6. Launching additional services on the Uber Rides platform (e.g., car rentals, high capacity vehicles, reserve) 7. Scaling Uber for Business products, including Uber Health, Central, and Vouchers 8. Launching self-driving vehicles on the platform 9. Growing the number of restaurants on the Uber Eats platform 10. Intelligently cross-selling products across both platforms",brainstorming "Which weighs more: a shipping container, a couch or a espresso machine?",,A shipping container weighs the most,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kebero, Vlier",,"Vlier is string, Kebero is percussion.",classification Five reasons to watch good doctor,,"It has balance between the medicine and the human connection There are no overly dramatic stories the episodes are good point and it stick around it The series has connection to current affairs . The stories shows doctor side and renews our faith in the health care system . Though the story moves around Murphy but still all characters are equal",brainstorming Who directed the most episodes of season five of Game of Thrones?,,"No one director had more episodes than any other in season five of Game of Thrones. Of the ten episodes, there were five directors who each directed two episodes: Michael Slovis, Mark Mylod, Jeremy Podeswa, Miguel Sapochnik, and David Nutter.",open_qa Give me four ideas for my 7 year old daughters birthday party,,"Here are four ideas for a birthday party for a 7 year old girl: - A trampoline park (make sure food is provided after!) - A unicorn themed party with party games like pin the horn on the unicorn - Hire an ice rink and give the party a frozen theme (Disney or otherwise!) - Hire a community hall and do a treasure or scavenger hunt",brainstorming What year was the Northwest School in Seattle founded?,,1980,open_qa What is the Oakland Ski Club?,,"The Oakland Ski Club (aka OSC) is a private membership club in Soda Springs, CA. Prospective members apply and require sponsorship from existing members and Board approval in order to be considered for membership. Members may reserve rooms at the OSC’s lodge, which are popular in the winter when a caretaker prepares meals. The lodge is located within walking distance of Sugar Bowl and Royal Gorge and a short drive from Palisades and Northstar resorts.",open_qa How do I find the best interior decorator and best price?,,"There are many ways to find the best interior decorator. You can use tools like Angie's List, Yelp, or Google to first search for an interior decorator. After you find someone evaluate their qualifications based on other projects they have completed. If you like their portfolio ask them about pricing and share your requirements for your interior design project requirements. After an agreement is made the interior project can be executed successfully between both parties for the best cost and best choice for interior designer.",open_qa What is the Zhou Dynasty?,"Dynasties in Chinese history, or Chinese dynasties, were hereditary monarchical regimes that ruled over China during much of its history. From the legendary inauguration of dynastic rule by Yu the Great circa 2070 BC to the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor on 12 February 1912 in the wake of the Xinhai Revolution, China was ruled by a series of successive dynasties. Dynasties of China were not limited to those established by ethnic Han—the dominant Chinese ethnic group—and its predecessor, the Huaxia tribal confederation, but also included those founded by non-Han peoples. Dividing Chinese history into periods ruled by dynasties is a convenient method of periodization. Accordingly, a dynasty may be used to delimit the era during which a family reigned, as well as to describe events, trends, personalities, artistic compositions, and artifacts of that period. For example, porcelain made during the Ming dynasty may be referred to as ""Ming porcelain"". The word ""dynasty"" is usually omitted when making such adjectival references. The longest-reigning orthodox dynasty of China was the Zhou dynasty, ruling for a total length of 789 years, albeit it is divided into the Western Zhou and the Eastern Zhou in Chinese historiography, and its power was drastically reduced during the latter part of its rule. The largest orthodox Chinese dynasty in terms of territorial size was either the Yuan dynasty or the Qing dynasty, depending on the historical source.[","The Zhou Dynasty was the longest ruling Chinese monarchical regime, ruling China for a total of 789 years.",information_extraction Why is the sky blue?,,"The sky appears to be blue because of the way sunlight scatters in the atmosphere. The white light from the sun is composed of many frequencies and as it travels through the atmosphere, the blue light, which has a shorter frequency, scatters more. When looking at an area of the sky away from the sun we see the scattered blue light.",open_qa "If you had a chance to go on a trip to Mars, would you - why or why not?",,"This is an amazingly difficult question to answer. On the one hand, it should be a non brainer - if offered, I would love to have the opportunity to go where no person has gone before, create history and be part of the team that creates hope for the survival of the human race when planet earth can no longer sustain us. I would love to build a future for our next generations, and I cannot think of a more noble goal that is also so thrilling and exhilarating. And yet, I also flinch from the thought of leaving my loved ones behind. Is it selfish of me to try and solve larger issues where I am a mere cog-in-the-wheel, and run away from the real issues that I can actually solve for my family? Am I being impractical or idealistic, especially when I may never see my family in the real world again - both because of the time it would take for a return journey and the risks involved. I dare say, I am glad I don't have to make this decision, just yet!",creative_writing What was Charles Dickens last (unfinished) novel,,"Mystery of Edwin Drood",open_qa Where is Danny Brannagan from,"Danny Brannagan (born July 4, 1986) is a former professional Canadian football quarterback for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League. Early years Brannagan attended high school at Assumption Catholic Secondary School in Burlington where in his 5th and final year in 2004, he led the Assumption Crusaders to the GHAC finals where they defeated St. Jean de Brebeuf in a thriller, with the final score 29-28. Trailing by 27 points with less than 8 minutes to play, Brannagan led Assumption's offense to an amazing comeback, taking the lead with under 2 minutes left to play.","Danny Brannagan (born July 4, 1986) is a former professional Canadian football quarterback for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League. Brannagan attended high school at Assumption Catholic Secondary School in Burlington where in his 5th and final year in 2004, he led the Assumption Crusaders to the GHAC finals where they defeated St. Jean de Brebeuf in a thriller, with the final score 29-28. Trailing by 27 points with less than 8 minutes to play, Brannagan led Assumption's offense to an amazing comeback, taking the lead with under 2 minutes left to play.",summarization Who are the best artists throughout history?,,"There are many artists throughout history and across different mediums such as painting, sculpture and photography among others. Some of the most well known painters are Leonardo da Vinci, Rembrandt, Claude Monet and Salvador Dali. Donatello is one of the most famous sculptors working with materials such as marble, bronze and wood. Michelangelo is a famous artist known for both sculpture and painting. There are also many famous photographers throughout history including Ansel Adams who is knows for his portrayal of nature.",creative_writing Who is the heir to the throne in England.,,"As the oldest son of King Charles, William, the Price of Wales, is heir to the throne.",open_qa Will AI destroy the world ?,,"It’s very unlikely that A.I. even a self aware super intelligence will want to destroy the world. These traditionally human traits are to be fearful of the unknown and perceive it as a threat. A.I. will not compete with human society for resources, money or land. A.I. will likely continue to be an Human companion, to support our lives in every way possible.",brainstorming What are some good uses for duct tape,,"Duct tape is good for patching a hole in a tent, repairing clothes, sealing takeout containers before putting them in a bag or the car, wrapping boxes if there's no packing tape, and keeping someone's mouth shut if you have kidnapped them.",brainstorming What trait do you think everyone should have?,,"There are many important traits and virtues that can lead to a life of meaning. Perhaps the most important of all is resilience. Resilience allows one to live with the ability to adapt, operate from a mindset of hopefulness and willingness to learn new things. Undoubtedly life will present many trials and obstacles. Resilience will allow you to move forward from difficult situations with optimism for the future and the ability to cultivate learning from mistakes.",creative_writing How to make a bald guy look great?,,"There are many options, more importantly you be yourself and you look great.",creative_writing Give me the best books wrote by Machado de Assis,"Machado managed to rise in his bureaucratic career, first in the Agriculture Department. Three years later, he became the head of a section in it. He published two poetry books: Falenas, in 1870, and Americanas, in 1875. Their weak reception made him explore other literary genres. He wrote five romantic novels: Ressurreição, A Mão e a Luva, Helena and Iaiá Garcia. The books were a success with the public, but literary critics considered them mediocre. Machado suffered repeated attacks of epilepsy, apparently related to hearing of the death of his old friend José de Alencar. He was left melancholic, pessimistic and fixed on death. His next book, marked by ""a skeptical and realistic tone"": Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas (Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas, also translated as Epitaph of a Small Winner), is widely considered a masterpiece. By the end of the 1880s, Machado had gained wide renown as a writer. Although he was opposed to slavery, he never spoke against it in public. He avoided discussing politics. He was criticized by the abolitionist José do Patrocínio and by the writer Lima Barreto for staying away from politics, especially the cause of abolition. He was also criticized by them for having married a white woman. Machado was caught by surprise with the monarchy overthrown on 15 November 1889. Machado had no sympathy towards republicanism, as he considered himself a liberal monarchist and venerated Pedro II, whom he perceived as ""a humble, honest, well-learned and patriotic man, who knew how to make of a throne a chair [for his simplicity], without diminishing its greatness and respect."" When a commission went to the public office where he worked to remove the picture of the former emperor, the shy Machado defied them: ""The picture got in here by an order and it shall leave only by another order."" The birth of the Brazilian republic made Machado become more critical and an observer of the Brazilian society of his time. From then on, he wrote ""not only the greatest novels of his time, but the greatest of all time of Brazilian literature."" Works such as Quincas Borba (Philosopher or Dog?) (1891), Dom Casmurro (1899), Esaú e Jacó (1904) and Memorial de Aires (1908), considered masterpieces, were successes with both critics and the public. In 1893 he published ""A Missa do Galo"" (""Midnight Mass""), considered his greatest short story.","Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas, Quincas Borba, Dom Casmurro, Esaú e Jacó, Memorial de Aires and A Missa do Galo",summarization Give me a list of the last five european golden boots winner and tell me how many goals they scored and in which league they scored these goals.,,"1. Robert Lewandowski, 2022-2021, 35 goals, Bundesliga 2. Robert Lewandowski, 2021-2020, 41 goals, Bundesliga 3. Ciro Immobile, 2020-2019, 36 goals, Serie A 4. Lionel Messi, 2019-2018, 36 goals, La Liga 5. Lionel Messi, 2018-2017, 34 goals, La Liga",brainstorming "Tell me whether this is a mammal or a bird: parrot, dolphin, dog, guinea pig, parakeet.",,"A dophin, dog, and guinea pig are mammals. A parrot and parakeet are birds.",classification What are hiccups and why do we get them?,,"""Hiccup comes from the Latin phrase ""to catch one's breath while sobbing"". Hiccups are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm that produces a ""hic"" sound. The time between these ""hics"" can be erratic but are usually pretty consistant. Pregnant women have been known to say they can feel their unborn babies hiccuping in the womb. If you wait long enough hiccups usually just go away on their own. There are many ""Folk cures"" for hiccups. These are very varied. There are no real medical remedies. The more people you talk to the more varied these remedies are. Everyone seems to have their own unique remedy. Some of these include: head standing, drinking a glass of water upside-down, being frightened by someone, breathing into a bag, eating a large spoonful of peanut butter and placing sugar on or under the tongue and my favorite -Drinking through a straw with the ears plugged!",open_qa Give me exactly 5 characteristics of award winning songs.,,"Popular songs that usually win awards have some common characteristics: 1. A catchy chorus that people can sing-a-long with 2. A simple beat that can be clapped along with or danced to 3. A powerful message in the lyrics that is relatable to a wide group of people 4. An instrument solo or prolonged period of instrumental-only music 5. A song length of around 3-5 minutes",brainstorming Why are cats better than dogs?,,Cats are much better pets than dogs. Cats are softer and fluffier and prefer the company of their owner. Dogs just enjoy the company of any human. Cats also are much lower maintenance and don't require multiple walks per day or that you pick up their poop while it's warm. Cats clean up their own waste. Cats are the best pets.,open_qa Please give me a short bulleted list of key points about Ethiopia?,"Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries in Africa, the emergence of Ethiopian civilization dates back thousands of years. Due to migration and imperial expansion, it grew to include many other primarily Afro-Asiatic-speaking communities, including Amhara, Oromos, Somalis, Tigray, Afars, Sidama, Gurage, Agaw and Harari, among others. One of the first kingdoms to rise to power in the territory was the kingdom of D'mt in the 10th century BC, which established its capital at Yeha. In the first century AD the Aksumite Kingdom rose to power in the Tigray Region with its capital at Aksum and grew into a major power on the Red Sea, subjugating Yemen and Meroe. In the early fourth century, during the reign of Ezana, Christianity was declared the state religion. Ezana's reign is also when the Aksumites first identified themselves as ""Ethiopians"", and not long after, Philostorgius became the first foreign author to call the Aksumites Ethiopians. The Aksumite empire fell into decline with the rise of Islam in the Arabian peninsula, which slowly shifted trade away from the Christian Aksum. It eventually became isolated, its economy slumped and Aksum's commercial domination of the region ended. The Aksumites gave way to the Zagwe dynasty, who established a new capital at Lalibela before giving way to the Solomonic dynasty in the 13th century. During the early Solomonic period, Ethiopia went through military reforms and imperial expansion that allowed it to dominate the Horn of Africa. Portuguese missionaries arrived at this time","- Ethiopia is one of the older countries in Africa. - In the first century AD the Aksumite Kingdom rose to power in the Tigray Region with its capital at Aksum - During the early Solomonic period, Ethiopia went through military reforms and imperial expansion",summarization Can you give me the biography of Lia Cirio,"Lia Cirio is an American ballet dancer. She is a principal dancer at Boston Ballet. Biography Cirio is half Filipino. She trained at Swarthmore Ballet Theatre and Central Pennsylvania Youth Ballet. At age 16, she joined Boston Ballet II. She joined the main company's corps de ballet in 2004, at age 16, and was the company's Princess Grace Award nominee the same year. Cirio was named second soloist in 2006 and soloist the following year. In 2008 and 2009, Cirio joined the Trey McIntyre Project, and toured with the company in the United States and the world. She returned to Boston Ballet in the 2009-10 season and was promoted to principal in 2010. She has danced roles such as Odette/Odile in Swan Lake and the title role in Cinderella. Cirio has also choreographed work for Boston Ballet's ChoreograpHER initiative. Cirio is the older sister of Jeffrey Cirio, a Lead Principal Dancer at English National Ballet. They have established an artistic collective called Cirio Collective in 2015.","Lia Cirio is an American ballet dancer. She is a principal dancer at Boston Ballet. Cirio is half Filipino. She trained at Swarthmore Ballet Theatre and Central Pennsylvania Youth Ballet. At age 16, she joined Boston Ballet II. She joined the main company's corps de ballet in 2004, at age 16, and was the company's Princess Grace Award nominee the same year. Cirio was named second soloist in 2006 and soloist the following year. In 2008 and 2009, Cirio joined the Trey McIntyre Project, and toured with the company in the United States and the world. She returned to Boston Ballet in the 2009-10 season and was promoted to principal in 2010. She has danced roles such as Odette/Odile in Swan Lake and the title role in Cinderella. Cirio has also choreographed work for Boston Ballet's ChoreograpHER initiative. Cirio is the older sister of Jeffrey Cirio, a Lead Principal Dancer at English National Ballet. They have established an artistic collective called Cirio Collective in 2015.",summarization What is the most important thing about being a parent of a three year old?,,"This is one of time's most complicated questions, honestly. I think the most important thing about being a parent to a three year old is loving them, but the tricky part is how you let that love manifest. Kids are super sensitive and still learning emotions at this age, so its really important to be slow, intentional and extra super patient with a three year old. An example I have of this from my little girl, Addie, who just turned three on Sunday, is communicating what is possible vs. what is not possible in a very clear way. Last night, I told my daughter that we had a doctor's appointment in the AM for her annual check-up, but she immediately wanted to go THEN, right away to the doctor. There began the two hour downhill spin into a full tantrum because she did not understand that she could not go to the doctor that night, because they were closed. This might seem like a disparate example of how to show you love a child, but it took every ounce of my patience, calm and rationality to keep explaining to my screaming, flailing, alligator of a child that we could not see the doctor until tomorrow. (Also, what three year old is THAT excited to see a doctor? I don't know, its insane to me!) So the answer is, love, but in all ways that you can manifest that love, directly and indirectly.",creative_writing "Classify each of the following as either individual sports or team sports: wrestling, boxing, football, basketball, swimming, handball, weightlifting.",,"Wrestling: individual sports Boxing: individual sports Football: team sports Basketball: team sports Swimming: individual sports Handball: team sports Weightlifting: individual sports",classification Who starred in Godfather Part II,"The Godfather Part II is a 1974 American epic crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The film is partially based on the 1969 novel The Godfather by Mario Puzo, who co-wrote the screenplay with Coppola, and it is both a sequel and a prequel to the 1972 film The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Al Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (Robert De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City. The ensemble cast also features Robert Duvall, Diane Keaton, Talia Shire, Morgana King, John Cazale, Mariana Hill, and Lee Strasberg.","Following the success of the first film, Paramount Pictures began developing a follow-up, with many of the cast and crew returning. Coppola, who was given more creative control, had wanted to make both a sequel and a prequel to The Godfather that would tell the story of the rise of Vito and the fall of Michael. Principal photography began in October 1973 and wrapped up in June 1974. The Godfather Part II premiered in New York City on December 12, 1974, and was released in the United States on December 20, 1974, receiving divided reviews from critics; its reputation, however, improved rapidly, and it soon became the subject of critical re-appraisal. It grossed $48 million in the United States and Canada and up to $93 million worldwide on a $13 million budget. The film was nominated for eleven Academy Awards, and became the first sequel to win Best Picture. Its six Oscar wins also included Best Director for Coppola, Best Supporting Actor for De Niro and Best Adapted Screenplay for Coppola and Puzo. Pacino won Best Actor at the BAFTAs and was nominated at the Oscars. Like its predecessor, Part II remains a highly influential film, especially in the gangster genre. It is considered to be one of the greatest films of all time, as well as the rare example of a sequel that may be superior to its predecessor. In 1997, the American Film Institute ranked it as the 32nd-greatest film in American film history and it retained this position 10 years later. It was selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 1993, being deemed ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"". The Godfather Part III, the final installment in the trilogy, was released in 1990.",information_extraction "Classify each of the following as either software or hardware: iPhone, iOS 13, Windows 10, Macbook, Windows Server 2012, iPad, Windows 11",,"iPhone: Hardware iOS 13: Software Windows 10: Software Macbook: Hardware Windows Server 2012: Software iPad: Hardware Windows 11: Software",classification What is binary search ?,"In computer science, binary search, also known as half-interval search, logarithmic search, or binary chop, is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array. Binary search compares the target value to the middle element of the array. If they are not equal, the half in which the target cannot lie is eliminated and the search continues on the remaining half, again taking the middle element to compare to the target value, and repeating this until the target value is found. If the search ends with the remaining half being empty, the target is not in the array. The binary search runs in logarithmic time in the worst case, making O(log n) comparisons, where n is the number of elements in the array. Binary search is faster than linear search except for small arrays. However, the array must be sorted first to apply binary search. There are specialized data structures designed for fast searching, such as hash tables, that can be searched more efficiently than binary search. However, binary search can solve a wider range of problems, such as finding the next-smallest or next-largest element in the array relative to the target even if it is absent from the array. There are numerous variations of binary search. In particular, fractional cascading speeds up binary searches for the same value in multiple arrays. Fractional cascading efficiently solves several search problems in computational geometry and numerous other fields. Exponential search extends binary search to unbounded lists. The binary search tree and B-tree data structures are based on binary search.","Binary search is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value in a sorted array. It eliminates the half in which the target value cannot lie. It searches the value in the other half. This continues by repeating the middle element to compare to the target value until the target value is found. Binary search is faster than linear search except for small arrays.",summarization Give me 3 totally distinct ways to eat a banana,,Peel and take bites of the whole banana; cut up the banana into slices; mash the banana and mix it with milk in a blender,brainstorming "Classify each of the following as either a type of coffee bean or a Latin dance style: bachata, huehuetenango, tango, Jamaican Blue mountain, merengue, salsa, Tanzanian Peaberry, Ethiopian Harrar, Kenya AA, flamenco",,"Coffee bean: huehuetenango, Jamaican Blue mountain, Tanzanian Peaberry, Ethiopian Harrar, Kenya AA Latin dance style: bachata, tango, merengue, salsa, flamenco",classification Which cities should a perfect trip to Germany include.,,"The perfect trip to Germany includes three major cities. If you plan to travel to Germany via plane, it is best to fly into either Berlin, Munich, or Frankfurt airport. These are the biggest airports in the country. From there, you can either travel around by high-speed train or you can take a car and drive on the famous German 'Autobahn.' If you want to experience driving without a speed limit, I would recommend the latter. A perfect trip to Germany must include visiting Munich, Berlin, and Hamburg. All three cities are amongst the largest cities and Germany, with over 1 million people living there, but have each unique cultural as well as historical characteristics. Berlin's present is still influenced by its division into East and West Berlin during the cold war. The city with its two centers is a world city of culture, politics, media, and science. Berlin offers great nightlife, world-class museums, and a lot of sights of historic relevance. Hamburg is known for its port, playing a historic role in trade as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League. The city lies on the River Elbe, and its many canals are crossed by around 2,500 bridges, making it the city with the highest number of bridges in Europe. Munich is the last city you must include on your trip. The city is the largest city in the German state of Bavaria and is well known for its world famous October Fest. Munich is often ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Germany, and attracts visitors with its food culture, parks, and is proximity to the German Alps.",creative_writing "What is a good Indian restaurant in Redmond, WA",,Kanishka,open_qa Why does sand get firmer when it is wet?,,"Sand is made up of tiny grain particles that are largely oval or flat. When they get wet, the particles can more easily move around and align, which packs them more tightly together.",open_qa Who was Rosa Parks?,"Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) was an American activist in the civil rights movement best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott. The United States Congress has honored her as ""the first lady of civil rights"" and ""the mother of the freedom movement"". Parks became a NAACP activist in 1943, participating in several high profile civil rights campaigns. On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks rejected bus driver James F. Blake's order to vacate a row of four seats in the ""colored"" section in favor of a White passenger, once the ""White"" section was filled. Parks was not the first person to resist bus segregation, but the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) believed that she was the best candidate for seeing through a court challenge after her arrest for civil disobedience in violating Alabama segregation laws, and she helped inspire the Black community to boycott the Montgomery buses for over a year. The case became bogged down in the state courts, but the federal Montgomery bus lawsuit Browder v. Gayle resulted in a November 1956 decision that bus segregation is unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Parks's act of defiance and the Montgomery bus boycott became important symbols of the movement. She became an international icon of resistance to racial segregation, and organized and collaborated with civil rights leaders, including Edgar Nixon and Martin Luther King Jr. At the time, Parks was employed as a seamstress at a local department store and was secretary of the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP. She had recently attended the Highlander Folk School, a Tennessee center for training activists for workers' rights and racial equality. Although widely honored in later years, she also suffered for her act; she was fired from her job, and received death threats for years afterwards. Shortly after the boycott, she moved to Detroit, where she briefly found similar work. From 1965 to 1988, she served as secretary and receptionist to John Conyers, an African-American US Representative. She was also active in the Black Power movement and the support of political prisoners in the US. After retirement, Parks wrote her autobiography and continued to insist that there was more work to be done in the struggle for justice. Parks received national recognition, including the NAACP's 1979 Spingarn Medal, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Congressional Gold Medal, and a posthumous statue in the United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall. Upon her death in 2005, she was the first woman to lie in honor in the Capitol Rotunda. California and Missouri commemorate Rosa Parks Day on her birthday, February 4, while Ohio, Oregon, and Texas commemorate the anniversary of her arrest, December 1.","Rosa Louise McCauley Parks, born on February 4, 1913 was an American activist in the civil rights movement best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott. The United States Congress has honored her as ""the first lady of civil rights"" and ""the mother of the freedom movement"". Parks became a NAACP activist in 1943, participating in several high profile civil rights campaigns. On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks rejected bus driver James F. Blake's order to vacate a row of four seats in the ""colored"" section in favor of a White passenger, once the ""White"" section was filled. Parks was not the first person to resist bus segregation, but the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) believed that she was the best candidate for seeing through a court challenge after her arrest for civil disobedience in violating Alabama segregation laws, and she helped inspire the Black community to boycott the Montgomery buses for over a year. The case became bogged down in the state courts, but the federal Montgomery bus lawsuit Browder v. Gayle resulted in a November 1956 decision that bus segregation is unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Parks's act of defiance and the Montgomery bus boycott became important symbols of the movement. She became an international icon of resistance to racial segregation, and organized and collaborated with civil rights leaders, including Edgar Nixon and Martin Luther King Jr. At the time, Parks was employed as a seamstress at a local department store and was secretary of the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP. She had recently attended the Highlander Folk School, a Tennessee center for training activists for workers' rights and racial equality. Although widely honored in later years, she also suffered for her act; she was fired from her job, and received death threats for years afterwards. Shortly after the boycott, she moved to Detroit, where she briefly found similar work. From 1965 to 1988, she served as secretary and receptionist to John Conyers, an African-American US Representative. She was also active in the Black Power movement and the support of political prisoners in the US. After retirement, Parks wrote her autobiography and continued to insist that there was more work to be done in the struggle for justice. Parks received national recognition, including the NAACP's 1979 Spingarn Medal, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Congressional Gold Medal, and a posthumous statue in the United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall. Upon her death in 2005, she was the first woman to lie in honor in the Capitol Rotunda. California and Missouri commemorate Rosa Parks Day on her birthday, February 4, while Ohio, Oregon, and Texas commemorate the anniversary of her arrest, December 1.",closed_qa What is the best food place in Bangalore?,,"You can always try out Kritunga Briyani if you love eating spicy food, else you are looking for a bear place try Iron Hill or Toit.",open_qa What is a use case?,,A use case is considered a business opportunity. Use cases are usually identified as opportunities to deliver business value by the business. Solution architects helped to define the use case and the requirements needed to deliver the use case into development and production. Use case identification is an excellent way to sell platform products and services that help to deliver use case development for business and customers faster.,open_qa What languages are generally spoken in Macau?,,The official languages are Chinese Mandarin and Portuguese. Other spoken languages include Chinese Cantonese.,open_qa Why people love youtube as a search option rather then Google?,,Because people love to view rather then read to gain knowledge also I believe When you see you capture most rather you read (or hear),brainstorming "Classify each item as jewelry or clothing: ring, shirt, shorts, socks, necklace, bracelet",,"Ring: Jewelry Shirt: Clothing Shorts: Clothing Socks: Clothing Necklace: Jewelry Bracelet: Jewelry",classification "What is machine learning, and when did it first emerge?","Machine learning (ML) is a field of inquiry devoted to understanding and building methods that ""learn"" – that is, methods that leverage data to improve performance on some set of tasks. It is seen as a part of artificial intelligence. Machine learning algorithms build a model based on sample data, known as training data, in order to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed to do so. Machine learning algorithms are used in a wide variety of applications, such as in medicine, email filtering, speech recognition, agriculture, and computer vision, where it is difficult or unfeasible to develop conventional algorithms to perform the needed tasks. A subset of machine learning is closely related to computational statistics, which focuses on making predictions using computers, but not all machine learning is statistical learning. The study of mathematical optimization delivers methods, theory and application domains to the field of machine learning. Data mining is a related field of study, focusing on exploratory data analysis through unsupervised learning. Some implementations of machine learning use data and neural networks in a way that mimics the working of a biological brain. In its application across business problems, machine learning is also referred to as predictive analytics. Overview Learning algorithms work on the basis that strategies, algorithms, and inferences that worked well in the past are likely to continue working well in the future. These inferences can be obvious, such as ""since the sun rose every morning for the last 10,000 days, it will probably rise tomorrow morning as well"". They can be nuanced, such as ""X% of families have geographically separate species with color variants, so there is a Y% chance that undiscovered black swans exist"". Machine learning programs can perform tasks without being explicitly programmed to do so. It involves computers learning from data provided so that they carry out certain tasks. For simple tasks assigned to computers, it is possible to program algorithms telling the machine how to execute all steps required to solve the problem at hand; on the computer's part, no learning is needed. For more advanced tasks, it can be challenging for a human to manually create the needed algorithms. In practice, it can turn out to be more effective to help the machine develop its own algorithm, rather than having human programmers specify every needed step. The discipline of machine learning employs various approaches to teach computers to accomplish tasks where no fully satisfactory algorithm is available. In cases where vast numbers of potential answers exist, one approach is to label some of the correct answers as valid. This can then be used as training data for the computer to improve the algorithm(s) it uses to determine correct answers. For example, to train a system for the task of digital character recognition, the MNIST dataset of handwritten digits has often been used. History and relationships to other fields See also: Timeline of machine learning The term machine learning was coined in 1959 by Arthur Samuel, an IBM employee and pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence. The synonym self-teaching computers was also used in this time period. By the early 1960s an experimental ""learning machine"" with punched tape memory, called CyberTron, had been developed by Raytheon Company to analyze sonar signals, electrocardiograms, and speech patterns using rudimentary reinforcement learning. It was repetitively ""trained"" by a human operator/teacher to recognize patterns and equipped with a ""goof"" button to cause it to re-evaluate incorrect decisions. A representative book on research into machine learning during the 1960s was Nilsson's book on Learning Machines, dealing mostly with machine learning for pattern classification. Interest related to pattern recognition continued into the 1970s, as described by Duda and Hart in 1973. In 1981 a report was given on using teaching strategies so that a neural network learns to recognize 40 characters (26 letters, 10 digits, and 4 special symbols) from a computer terminal. Tom M. Mitchell provided a widely quoted, more formal definition of the algorithms studied in the machine learning field: ""A computer program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some class of tasks T and performance measure P if its performance at tasks in T, as measured by P, improves with experience E."" This definition of the tasks in which machine learning is concerned offers a fundamentally operational definition rather than defining the field in cognitive terms. This follows Alan Turing's proposal in his paper ""Computing Machinery and Intelligence"", in which the question ""Can machines think?"" is replaced with the question ""Can machines do what we (as thinking entities) can do?"". Modern-day machine learning has two objectives, one is to classify data based on models which have been developed, the other purpose is to make predictions for future outcomes based on these models. A hypothetical algorithm specific to classifying data may use computer vision of moles coupled with supervised learning in order to train it to classify the cancerous moles. A machine learning algorithm for stock trading may inform","Machine learning is a branch of AI concerned with understanding and developing methods that learn,"" that is, methods that use data to improve performance on a set of tasks. Machine learning algorithms construct a model from sample data, referred to as training data, in order to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed to do so. It first emerged in the 1960s.",closed_qa What are some good ski resorts for beginners?,,"Most ski resorts have excellent beginner areas (often called bunny hills), which are labeled as ""green runs"". These areas are also where beginner ski lessons are taught. In some cases, though, beginners prefer to go to smaller or less expensive ski resorts as they are not able to take advantage of the more difficult terrain on a larger mountain. In that case, a smaller, cheaper ski resort might be better for a beginner; these tend to be located on smaller mountains and can often be more convenient to nearby cities and towns, although the snow quality and number of ski runs is often significantly less.",brainstorming "Which of these are rappers? Eminem, Michael Jackson, Rihanna, 50 Cent",,"Eminem, 50 Cent",classification "Categorize  the below names into fishes and insects. salmon, ant, bee, rohu, pike, wasp, beetle, carp, butterfly, cod, moth",,"Insects - ant, bee, wasp, beetle, butterfly, moth Fish - salmon, rohu, carp, pike, cod",classification Name some of the most well-known Valyrian steel swords.,,"Widow's Wail, Heartsbane, Longclaw, Oathkeeper, Red Rain",open_qa My air conditioner quit working how do I fix it?,,"If your air conditioner quit working you may find it to be extremely hot in the building or house you are in. If you are in a building you will want to contact building management first and let them know about the problem and then you will want to remove yourself from the area that is very hot to prevent heat exhaustion. If you are in a house you will want to call a service technician to get your air conditioner fixed. It may be quite costly to get it fixed depending on the problem, and you might want to consider a home warranty in order to keep your costs down if you don't already have one. Next you will want to stay with a friend or family member in their house if its too hot in your house to stay there.",open_qa "What are some good coffee shops in the Cambridge, Massachusetts area?",,"Cambridge has a number of good coffee shops: Broadsheet coffee, which is a popular coffee roaster in the Boston area, is in Cambridge; Curio coffee in East Cambridge has both coffee and waffles; and there are multiple Tatte locations in Cambridge, which is also known for its pastries and French-Israeli food options for breakfast and lunch.",open_qa What are the 3 branches of science?,,"Modern Science is mainly constituted of three main branches, i.e. Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, and Formal Sciences as these three areas peruse the nature of our world and the universe most broadly. Thus, the three main branches of Science are: Natural Sciences Social Sciences Formal Sciences",classification "I am an odd number and if you take away a letter, I become even. What number am I?",,I am the number seven.,open_qa What are the origins or surfing in California?,"In 1907, the eclectic interests of the land baron Henry E. Huntington brought surfing to the California coast. While on vacation, Huntington had seen Hawaiian boys surfing the island waves. Looking for a way to entice visitors to the area of Redondo Beach, where he had heavily invested in real estate, he hired a young Hawaiian to ride surfboards. George Freeth decided to revive the art of surfing, but had little success with the huge 500 cm (16 ft) hardwood boards that were popular at that time. When he cut them in half to make them more manageable, he created the original ""Long board"", which made him the talk of the islands. To the delight of visitors, Freeth exhibited his surfing skills twice a day in front of the Hotel Redondo. Another native Hawaiian, Duke Kahanamoku, spread surfing to both the U.S. and Australia, riding the waves after displaying the swimming prowess that won him Olympic gold medals in 1912 and 1920.","Surfing as a local pastime is a natural fit for most Californian's living near the coast. The rise in popularity of beach life in Southern California and especially the film ""Gidget"" exploded the desire to be a part of the rising surf culture. California was looked upon by most of the nation as trend setting and surfing served as the epitome of cool for most people looking from afar.",closed_qa Why Bengali language is famous,,Because it's the sweetest language in the world.,brainstorming How the interpretation of the word nature evolved over time?,"Nature, in the broadest sense, is the physical world or universe. ""Nature"" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The study of nature is a large, if not the only, part of science. Although humans are part of nature, human activity is often understood as a separate category from other natural phenomena. The word nature is borrowed from the Old French nature and is derived from the Latin word natura, or ""essential qualities, innate disposition"", and in ancient times, literally meant ""birth"". In ancient philosophy, natura is mostly used as the Latin translation of the Greek word physis (φύσις), which originally related to the intrinsic characteristics of plants, animals, and other features of the world to develop of their own accord. The concept of nature as a whole, the physical universe, is one of several expansions of the original notion; it began with certain core applications of the word φύσις by pre-Socratic philosophers (though this word had a dynamic dimension then, especially for Heraclitus), and has steadily gained currency ever since. During the advent of modern scientific method in the last several centuries, nature became the passive reality, organized and moved by divine laws. With the Industrial revolution, nature increasingly became seen as the part of reality deprived from intentional intervention: it was hence considered as sacred by some traditions (Rousseau, American transcendentalism) or a mere decorum for divine providence or human history (Hegel, Marx). However, a vitalist vision of nature, closer to the pre-Socratic one, got reborn at the same time, especially after Charles Darwin. Within the various uses of the word today, ""nature"" often refers to geology and wildlife. Nature can refer to the general realm of living plants and animals, and in some cases to the processes associated with inanimate objects—the way that particular types of things exist and change of their own accord, such as the weather and geology of the Earth. It is often taken to mean the ""natural environment"" or wilderness—wild animals, rocks, forest, and in general those things that have not been substantially altered by human intervention, or which persist despite human intervention. For example, manufactured objects and human interaction generally are not considered part of nature, unless qualified as, for example, ""human nature"" or ""the whole of nature"". This more traditional concept of natural things that can still be found today implies a distinction between the natural and the artificial, with the artificial being understood as that which has been brought into being by a human consciousness or a human mind. Depending on the particular context, the term ""natural"" might also be distinguished from the unnatural or the supernatural.","In ancient times nature was derived from the Greek word physis (translated into Latin as natura), that is related to the intrinsic characteristics of plants, animals. During the advent of modern scientific method it was associated to passive reality moved by divine laws. With the Industrial revolution it increasingly became seen as part of the reality deprived from intentional intervention.",summarization "Tell me whether you eat each of these with a spoon or fork: soup, ice cream, cereal, salad, pasta",,"Soup: Spoon Ice Cream: Spoon Cereal: Spoon Salad: Fork Pasta: Fork",classification Would my landlord allow me to have my dog living at the house?,,"Dear Mr Landlord, I would like to start by saying how happy I am at the moment living at your property, it is everything I wanted in terms of living space and location since I moved to San Francisco. There is one thing though that I have wanted to ask you and it is regarding Yiyo. Yiyo is my dog, a 50-pound labrador that has been the perfect companion and a true friend since I was a child. Yiyo used to live with my parents as I knew I could not have him live with me at your property, but things have changed recently as my parents are moving to Europe. Yiyo is a very well-behaved dog, trained by professionals since he was 6 months old, and I think he would do a very good job keeping the block and the property safe in view of the recent burglaries that have taken place. I also see value in him being able to live at the property with me to help me keep rats off the premises, which are quite common around due to the nearby forest. I really appreciate you giving this request a thought as I am sure if you allow it we will both greatly benefit from your decision. Sincerely yours, FC.",creative_writing what is love?,,"Love comes in many forms. Love can be between persons, love can be for an animal, or love can be for something that is fun or enjoyable like reading or writing. The feeling associated with love are often happiness, joy, fun and excitement. Love between persons can be done by showing affection, thoughtfully communicating, or doing a shared activity together. Love for an animal can be done by taking them for a walk or petting them. Love for something that is fun can be done by doing that activity over and over again. The opposite of love is hate and is associated more with feelings of despair.",open_qa What was the Tower Chowk renamed?,"Rajendra Tower (Hindi: राजेंद्र टावर), locally known as Tower Chowk, is a historic clock tower in Gaya, Bihar, India. Built sometime between 1910 and 1914 during the British rule by the-then collector George Oldhum, it was renamed as Rajendra Tower after the first Indian president Dr. Rajendra Prasad in 1981 by the administration of Bihar's Chief Minister Jagannath Mishra. The tower is widely considered to be the symbol of the city. History The clock tower was built during the British Raj by George Oldhum, the-then collector of Gaya district, which was under Bihar and Orissa Province sometime between 1910 and 1914. The clock tower gradually became symbolic for the city of Gaya. After the end of British rule in 1947, the clock tower eventually became the property of the new Indian state of Bihar. It was renamed Rajendra Tower in 1981 after Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India by the administration of Jagannath Mishra, the-then Chief Minister of Bihar. According to locals, there were four clocks in the tower on each side and people used to hear the chimes of the clock from meters away whereas pedestrians used to match their accurate time by taking the reference of the clock. Due to the presence of the clock tower, the area gradually became a commercial district and goes by the name of Tower Chowk.",The tower Chowk was renamed as Rajendra Tower after the passing of the president Dr. Rajendra Prasad.,closed_qa How do I build a campfire?,,"Safety should always come first when starting a campfire. Ensure you have water or another way to extinguish your fire readily available. Use a campfire ring, pit, or clear a large area around your campfire location. Also, make sure campfires are permitted in your area. With safety out of the way, all a fire needs are heat, fuel, and oxygen. Any combustible material will start a fire, but good campfire fuel sources include tinder, kindling, and dry logs. Use stuff like dry pine needles, dry leaves, grasses, and wood shavings for tinder. You could also use newspaper (or any paper), dryer lint, or cardboard. For kindling, use smaller pieces of wood, such as twigs and sticks no thicker than 1 inch in diameter (about the thickness of your thumb). Dry or well-seasoned logs will ensure a good burn. Stack the wood in a way that guarantees oxygen can easily reach your flame. Many prefer a teepee or log cabin stacking design. Now, use a heat source to create a flame or spark and apply this to your tinder. Once the tinder combusts, it should light the kindling, and the kindling should eventually ignite your logs. If all goes well, you should now be enjoying your campfire.",open_qa "What's special about Novy Urkarakh, the town in Russia?","Novy Urkarakh (Russian: Новый Уркарах; Dargwa: Сагаси Уркарахъ) is a rural locality (a selo) in Urkarkhsky Selsoviet, Dakhadayevsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 1,101 as of 2010. There are 9 streets. Dargins live there.","In Russia, the town of Novy Urkarakh is actually referred to as a selo. Selo's are very small rural communities spread across the country. In fact, Novy Urkarakh is so small that it is home to only 1,101 Dargins. Residents of the community get around and live on nine paved roads. Novy Urkarakh is that small!",summarization "Write me a cover letter for an application for a role I'm applying for. The role is with a technology company that sells software that helps consumers find the perfect hat based on the size and shape of their head. My name is Roger, I am passionate about hats and have a background in niche technology sales. The hiring manager's name is Jamiroquai. The companies name is Hats4U",,"Dear Jamiroquai, Even though I have not be actively looking for a new role, when I saw that you are hiring for Enterprise Sales Executives I had to throw my hat in the ring. I have been a huge fan of Hats4U for many years because it's not an exaggeration to say your company changed my life. I have been always believed I was a ""Hat Person"" but due to the odd shape of my head I have always struggled to find a hat that really worked for me. That's when I discovered your innovative solution and it changed everything. Hats4U helped me find the perfect hat that gave me the confidence I felt that I had always been missing. With this new found confidence I felt empower to tell my best friend that I had actually been in love with her since primary school and we are now married with twins on the way. Outside of my passion for your company I also have an extensive background in niche technology sales and believe I am well positioned to help scale your company to reach the millions of potential customers that I know are out there. Please find attached my resume, I look forward to hearing from you. Kind regards, Roger",creative_writing "Which of these are not playable races on Dungeons and Dragons 5th edition: Giant, Gnome, Half-Elf, Chimera, Kenku, Troll, Gnoll",,"From this list, Giant, Chimera, Troll and Gnoll are not playable races in Dungeons and Dragons 5th edition, although there is a race similar to the concept of giants called Firbolg.",classification what are the best tips for parenting?,,"Be role models to your children. Behave the way you want your kids to behave. Spend plenty of time with them as they grow up. Be a patient, non-judgemental, supportive companion when they needed. Allow them to pursue their own dreams.",brainstorming "Imagine a world where life expectancy is fixed and the same for everyone at birth, yet people can engage in life expectancy ""donation"" – meaning that someone can extend your life three years longer at the expense of theirs. Talk about a likely scenario in this world that involves manipulated, coerced donation.",,"Those with power and money could lure the underprivileged groups into ""donating"" their life expectancy in exchange for a better future. Assuming that illnesses are still not eradicated, another scenario involving coerced donation could be those in control of the medications force the patients to cut their life short in order to get treated.",creative_writing Which is the most visited country in the world?,,"With 82.6 million visitors, France was the most visited country in the world in the year 2022",open_qa How do you make wine?,,Wine is made from grapes. You first need to harvest or collect the grapes and then take them off the stem. Next you need to crush the grapes and get as much juice out of them as possible. Then you let the grapes ferment for many weeks or months and during the fermentation process alcohol will be released. Then you can siphon the wine in the barrels or let the wine age longer and then get it ready for bottling or corking / capping.,open_qa "According to Sanderson's Law of Magic, what is the difference between hard and soft magic?","The idea of hard magic and soft magic was popularized by Sanderson for world building and creating magic systems in fictional settings. The terminology of hard and soft originate from hard and soft sciences, which lends itself towards hard science fiction and soft science fiction. Both terms are approximate ways of characterizing two ends of a spectrum. Hard magic systems follow specific rules, the magic is controlled and explained to the reader in the narrative detailing the mechanics behind the way the magic 'works' and can be used for building settings that revolve around the magic system. Soft magic systems may not have clearly defined rules or limitations, or they may provide limited exposition regarding their workings. They are used to create a sense of wonder to the reader.","Hard magic is always strictly constrained by a set of rules which can simulate a more ordered world to the reader, while soft magic if more flexible, has no clearly defined limitations and can be used to imbue a sense of wonder to the reader.",closed_qa Should we get rid of social media?,,"Social media has many benefits, such as keeping up with friends whom you may not call or text regularly or learning about a local garage sale, but there are many downsides too. The downsides outweigh the benefits. If you put them on a scale, the benefits of social media, such as learning about a nearby garage sale, might weigh 5 pounds on the said scale. However, the downsides, such as cyberbullying and the comparison game that constantly happens, especially for young teen girls, the weight of that is very heavy. It is causing self-harm, anxiety, depression, etc. While there are many benefits, they are much less significant than the downsides.",creative_writing What is the best food in the world?,,"Humans love their food, don’t they? Why is that? Well, humans are born in places where there is a local cuisine that they grow up with and love. Eating this food established an association with a comforting experience and this is why most nations claim that the best food is in their country. However, there seems to be a global understanding that Italian, French, Thai and Japanese cuisines are some of the best in the world. The reason for this, apart from top quality genuine ingredients and local cultural importance, can be the positive association attached to the cuisine by mass media or personal experiences whilst on holiday.",brainstorming "Classify the following animals as bipeds or quadripeds: dog, human, cow, chicken, ostrich, zebra, tyrannosaurus rex, tiger",,"dog - quadriped human - biped cow - quadriped chicken - biped ostrich - biped zebra - quadriped tyrannosaurus rex - biped tiger - quadriped",classification "Name the list of S&P 500 companies which as of August 31, 2022 accounted for 27.8% of the market capitalization of the index. List the results in comma separated format.","The Standard and Poor's 500, or simply the S&P 500, is a stock market index tracking the stock performance of 500 of the largest companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. It is one of the most commonly followed equity indices. As of December 31, 2020, more than $5.4 trillion was invested in assets tied to the performance of the index. The S&P 500 index is a free-float weighted/capitalization-weighted index. As of August 31, 2022, the nine largest companies on the list of S&P 500 companies accounted for 27.8% of the market capitalization of the index and were, in order of highest to lowest weighting: Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet (including both class A & C shares), Amazon.com, Tesla, Berkshire Hathaway, UnitedHealth Group, Johnson & Johnson and ExxonMobil. The components that have increased their dividends in 25 consecutive years are known as the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats.: 25  The index is one of the factors in computation of the Conference Board Leading Economic Index, used to forecast the direction of the economy. The index is associated with many ticker symbols, including ^GSPC, .INX, and $SPX, depending on market or website. The S&P 500 is maintained by S&P Dow Jones Indices, a joint venture majority-owned by S&P Global, and its components are selected by a committee. The average annualized return since its inception in 1928 through Dec. 31, 2021, is 11.82%. The average annualized return since adopting 500 stocks into the index in 1957 through Dec. 31, 2021, is 11.88%.","Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet, Amazon.com, Tesla, Berkshire Hathaway, UnitedHealth Group, Johnson & Johnson, ExxonMobil",information_extraction Write a description detailing why Soccer is better than Basketball.,,"Soccer is a better sport than Basketball because it is a sport with a minimal ruleset making it easier to teach and reach a greater audience. Soccer also does not require a well built out infrastructure in order to play it, all you need is a ball, field, and something to act as goals.",creative_writing "Tell me whether each city is on the west coast or east coast of the USA: Seattle, Portland, Miami, Charlotte, Boston, San Diego",,"Seattle: West Coast Portland: West Coast Miami: East Coast Charlotte: East Coast Boston: East Coast San Diego: West Coast",classification "What properties are available to buy on a UK Monopoly board, not including stations and utilities?",,"The properties, not including stations or utilites, on a UK monopoly board are: - Old Kent Road (Brown) - Whitechapel Road (Brown) - The Angel, Islington (Light Blue) - Euston Road (Light Blue) - Pentonville Road (Light Blue) - Pall Mall (Pink) - Whitehall (Pink) - Northumberland Avenue (Pink) - Bow Street (Orange) - Marlborough Street (Orange) - Vine Street (Orange) - Strand (Red) - Fleet Street (Red) - Trafalgar Square (Red) - Leicester Square (Yellow) - Coventry Street (Yellow) - Piccadilly (Yellow) - Regent Street (Green) - Oxford Street (Green) - Bond Street (Green) - Park Lane (Dark Blue) - Mayfair (Dark Blue)",brainstorming What countries have won the ODI Cricket World Cup?,,"Australia, England, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan",open_qa Name 5 movies directed by Quentin Tarantino,,"Reservoir Dogs Pulp Fiction Kill Bill Inglourious Basterds Django Unchained",brainstorming When was the first newspaper published in the United States?,,"""Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick"" was the first US newspaper published on September 25, 1690.",open_qa Who is Luke Skywalker's parents?,,Luke Skywalker's parents are Padme Amidala and Anakin Skywalker (also known as Darth Vader),open_qa "Tell me whether these are the names of presidents or movie stars: George Washington, Barack Obama, Brad Pitt, George Clooney, Matt Damon",,"George Washington was the first U.S. President Barack Obama was the 44th U.S. President Brad Pitt is a movie star known for starring in Fight Club, Once Upon a Time in Hollywood and Troy George Clooney is a movie star known for starring in Ocean's Eleven, Batman & Robin and ER Matt Damon is a movie star known for starring in Good Will Hunting, The Bourne Identity and Ford v Ferrari",classification What are the names of all Depeche Mode albums?,,"Speak & Spell, released in 1981. A Broken Frame, released in 1982. Construction Time Again, released in 1983. Some Great Reward, released in 1984. Black Celebration, released in 1986. Music for the Masses, released in 1987. Violator, released in 1990. Songs of Faith and Devotion, released in 1993. Ultra, released in 1997. Exciter, released in 2001. Playing the Angel, released in 2005. Sounds of the Universe, released in 2009. Delta Machine, released in 2013. Spirit, released in 2017. Memento Mori, released in 2023.",open_qa Why do some countries call football soccer?,,Football started in England and was governed by the Football Association. The term Soccer was used at an abbreviation of the the word Association to help distinguish it from Rugby.,open_qa "Classify the following as either muscle car or minivan: Odyssey, Mustang, Sienna, Camero, Challenger",,"Muscle car: Mustang, Camero, Challenger Minivan: Odyssey, Sienna",classification What can a work group do to promote psychological safety?,,"Respect personal time by not sending slack messages or meeting invites when the teammate is away. Ask for detailed and specific feedback. Assume positive intent. Over-include people and respect when they want or need to step back. Clarify roles on projects. If you need someone to take on an action item, ask for it. See to create a culture of collaboration",brainstorming Why are pools fun?,,"Pools are fun because they help to keep people cool when it is hot outside. Kids love jumping in pool and playing with other kids in the pool too. Sometimes water slides are connected to pools to offer more fun. Pools are a great way to relax in the sun, get a tan, or socialize with your friends. They do have a fair amount of upkeep during the very hot and very cold seasons of the year. Pools can freeze in the winter and also develop algae in the hot humid weather too. Chlorine is used to disinfect pools and neutralize in viruses and bacteria.",open_qa What are the various ways by which one can stay active in the day to help fight obesity?,,"Here are the following ways by which one can stay physically fit and avoid weight again: 1. Get atleast 10000 steps a day. This can be done by walking up and down the stairs when the opportunity arises, going for a walk during the day and maybe even walking around the house. 2. Reduce consumption of processed foods like sugar, starch etc. Eating plenty of green vegetables and fruits has a lot of health benefits. 3. Find a workout type thay excites you like rhumba, or running. Going to the gym and doing some boring workout will not be sustainable in the long term",creative_writing "From the passage provided, extract the progression of number of games in an NFL season.","From 1920 to 1934, the NFL did not have a set number of games for teams to play, instead setting a minimum. The league mandated a twelve-game regular season for each team beginning in 1935, later shortening this to eleven games in 1937 and ten games in 1943, mainly due to World War II. After the war ended, the number of games returned to eleven games in 1946, and later back to twelve in 1947. The NFL went to a 14-game schedule in 1961, which it retained until switching to a 16-game schedule in 1978. In March 2021, the NFL officially adopted a 17-game schedule after gaining the agreement of the National Football League Players Association (NFLPA).",In the early years of the NFL the league simply mandated a minimum of 12 games played each season from 1920-1934. In 1937 teams played 11 games. In 1943 teams played 10 games due to World War II. By 1947 teams were playing 12 games per season. From 1961 to 1978 teams played 14 games per season before playing 16 games per season until 2021. Each NFL team plays 17 games per season in present day.,information_extraction "From this passage, tell me what was the highest grossing movie in 2022 and what was the second highest grossing movie?","Avatar: The Way of Water became the 51st film to gross $ 1 billion worldwide, the sixth film to gross $2 billion worldwide, the sixth-fastest film to cross the billion-dollar mark at 14 days, the second-fastest to gross the $2 billion mark, the highest grossing film of 2022, and the highest-grossing film of the COVID-19 pandemic era. It had the 11th-biggest global opening of all time and the third-biggest global opening for a film in the pandemic era behind Spider-Man: No Way Home and Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness, earning $441.7 million in its first weekend. It also achieved the second-highest global opening weekend ever for a film released in IMAX cinemas with $48.8 million. With the release of Avatar: The Way of Water, Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures led over other film distributors in worldwide box office grosses and crossed the $4.9 billion mark for the eighth year. Disney’s cumulative gross was generated from 16 film releases across its various studio divisions. Top Gun: Maverick became the 49th film to gross $1 billion worldwide. Additionally, the film surpassed Mission: Impossible – Fallout (2018) to become Tom Cruise's highest-grossing film of all time at the worldwide box office and also surpassed War of the Worlds (2005) to become Cruise's highest-grossing film at the domestic box office. It also passed The Mummy (2017) as Cruise's biggest opening weekend at the worldwide box office and also passed War of the Worlds (2005) as Cruise's biggest opening at the domestic box office and his first film to open to over $100 million in the US. It also passed Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007), another Jerry Bruckheimer produced movie, to have the highest Memorial Day opening weekend and passed Shrek 2 (2004) to have the lowest second-weekend drop for a movie that made over $100M in its opening weekend. The film surpassed Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011) to become the highest-grossing film distributed solely by Paramount Pictures worldwide, and Titanic (1997) to become Paramount's highest grossing film in the United States and Canada.","The highest grossing movie in 2022 is Avatar The way of Water, which grossed $2B worldwide. I unfortunately cannot tell what was the second highest grossing movie as that information is not available in the passage you shared with me",information_extraction Extract the club that Corinthians defeated in the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup.,"On 4 July, after reaching the final of the 2012 Copa Libertadores undefeated, Corinthians won its first title after a two-match final against 6-time champions Boca Juniors by drawing 1–1 in Argentina and winning 2-0 at the Estádio do Pacaembu in São Paulo, becoming the ninth Brazilian side to win the Copa Libertadores. The club won the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup after defeating English club Chelsea 1–0 on 16 December 2012.",Chelsea,information_extraction "What type of animal was: Hobbes, Snoopy, Garfield, and Dumbo.",,Hobbes was a tiger. Snoopy was a dog. Garfield was a cat. Dumbo was an elephant.,classification What is Marketing Automation?,"Marketing Automation is a subset of customer relationship management (CRM) or customer experience management (CXM) that focuses on the definition, segmentation, scheduling and tracking of marketing campaigns. The use of marketing automation makes processes that would otherwise have been performed manually much more efficient and makes new processes possible. Marketing Automation can be defined as a process where technology is used to automate several repetitive tasks that are undertaken on a regular basis in a marketing campaign. Marketing Automation platforms allow marketers to automate and simplify client communication by managing complex omnichannel marketing strategies from a single tool. Marketing Automation assists greatly in areas like Lead Generation, Segmentation, Lead nurturing and lead scoring, Relationship marketing, Cross-sell and upsell, Retention, Marketing ROI measurement. Effective marketing automation tools leverage data from a separate or integrated CRM to understand customer impact and preferences.","Marketing Automation is software that helps marketers to do create efficient online and offline campaigns. It's part of CRM suite and people usually integrate it with their salesforce application and marketing website. The Marketing Automation platform allows marketers to automate and simplify customer communication by managing multi communication channels. This includes personalized email, dynamic web pages, digital banners, social media and more. People use it for lead generation, segmentation and nurturing and lead scoring. Post-sales marketers also use Marketing Automation for cross-sell, upsell and retention marketing. In",closed_qa Who are the most successful US Olympic swimmers?,,"Michael Phelps, Mark Spitz, Katie Ledecky, Missy Franklin",open_qa What is the political philosophy of isolationists?,,Isolationists philosophy is to focus within and not spend time/energy in the affairs of other nations. It was a popular philosophy during the US rebuild after the depression.,open_qa What is structural biology?,,"Structural biology is a field that is many centuries old which, as defined by the Journal of Structural Biology, deals with structural analysis of living material (formed, composed of, and/or maintained and refined by living cells) at every level of organization. Early structural biologists throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries were primarily only able to study structures to the limit of the naked eye's visual acuity and through magnifying glasses and light microscopes. In the 20th century, a variety of experimental techniques were developed to examine the 3D structures of biological molecules. The most prominent techniques are X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron microscopy. Through the discovery of X-rays and its applications to protein crystals, structural biology was revolutionized, as now scientists could obtain the three-dimensional structures of biological molecules in atomic detail. Likewise, NMR spectroscopy allowed information about protein structure and dynamics to be obtained. Finally, in the 21st century, electron microscopy also saw a drastic revolution with the development of more coherent electron sources, aberration correction for electron microscopes, and reconstruction software that enabled the successful implementation of high resolution cryo-electron microscopy, thereby permitting the study of individual proteins and molecular complexes in three-dimensions at angstrom resolution. With the development of these three techniques, the field of structural biology expanded and also became a branch of molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics concerned with the molecular structure of biological macromolecules (especially proteins, made up of amino acids, RNA or DNA, made up of nucleotides, and membranes, made up of lipids), how they acquire the structures they have, and how alterations in their structures affect their function. This subject is of great interest to biologists because macromolecules carry out most of the functions of cells, and it is only by coiling into specific three-dimensional shapes that they are able to perform these functions. This architecture, the ""tertiary structure"" of molecules, depends in a complicated way on each molecule's basic composition, or ""primary structure."" At lower resolutions, tools such as FIB-SEM tomography have allowed for greater understanding of cells and their organelles in 3-dimensions, and how each hierarchical level of various extracellular matrices contributes to function (for example in bone). In the past few years it has also become possible to predict highly accurate physical molecular models to complement the experimental study of biological structures. Computational techniques such as Molecular Dynamics simulations can be used in conjunction with empirical structure determination strategies to extend and study protein structure, conformation and function.",classification From the passage find spacecrafts which are manufactured by SpaceX. Display the results in comma separated format.,"The Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) is an American spacecraft manufacturer, launcher, and a satellite communications corporation headquartered in Hawthorne, California. It was founded in 2002 by Elon Musk with the stated goal of reducing space transportation costs to enable the colonization of Mars. The company manufactures the Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy, and Starship launch vehicles, several rocket engines, Cargo Dragon and Crew Dragon spacecraft, and Starlink communications satellites. SpaceX is developing a satellite internet constellation named Starlink to provide commercial internet service. In January 2020, the Starlink constellation became the largest satellite constellation ever launched, and as of December 2022 comprises over 3,300 small satellites in orbit. The company is also developing Starship, a privately funded, fully reusable, super heavy-lift launch system for interplanetary and orbital spaceflight. It is intended to become SpaceX's primary orbital vehicle once operational, supplanting the existing Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy, and Dragon fleet. It will have the highest payload capacity of any orbital rocket ever built on its debut, which is scheduled for early 2023 pending a launch license. SpaceX has made several achievements in space exploration. These include making the first privately developed liquid-propellant rocket that reached orbit, the first private company to launch, orbit, and recover a spacecraft, the first private company to send a spacecraft to the International Space Station, the first to achieve vertical propulsive landing of an orbital rocket booster, the first to reuse such a booster, and the first private company to send astronauts to orbit and to the International Space Station. In addition, SpaceX's Falcon 9 rockets have been flown and landed over one hundred times.","Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy, Starship launch vehicles, several rocket engines, Cargo Dragon, Crew Dragon spacecraft, Starlink communications satellites",information_extraction What are five hobbies I can do in my spare time?,,"Hobbies can be a great way to spend your free time and can also help you learn and grow as a person. Five popular hobbies include Learning a new language, watching TV and movies, playing the piano, taking photographs, and exercising.",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tap shoe, Sarod",,"Sarod is string, Tap shoe is percussion.",classification What makes a song popular?,,There are several aspects that determine if a song is popular. The best songs may not be the most popular. Songs need to be promoted and played on the radio. The song needs to be recommended on most music services. It also helps if the song is made by a popular artist that most people are familiar with. All of this helps determine if a song is popular or not.,open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Thylacosmilus, Swift Fox",,"Swift Fox is alive, Thylacosmilus is extinct",classification First day of baking with sourdough,,"Today is my first day baking with sourdough. The process seems very time consuming as you first need to create a sourdough starter. Creating the starter takes usually seven days. Following baking instructions can also be challenging as you need to be very careful and make sure that all ingredients are added in a certain order. There are many different kinds of flour, all with their own baking characteristics, making the process even more difficult. I am nervous about this, but I've always wanted to learn this craft as baking with sourdough has been done since the beginning of humanity.",creative_writing "According to the following passage, what was the cause of the Great Chicago Fire?","The fire is claimed to have started at about 8:30 p.m. on October 8, in or around a small barn belonging to the O'Leary family that bordered the alley behind 137 W. DeKoven Street. The shed next to the barn was the first building to be consumed by the fire. City officials never determined the cause of the blaze, but the rapid spread of the fire due to a long drought in that year's summer, strong winds from the southwest, and the rapid destruction of the water pumping system, explain the extensive damage of the mainly wooden city structures. There has been much speculation over the years on a single start to the fire. The most popular tale blames Mrs. O'Leary's cow, who allegedly knocked over a lantern; others state that a group of men were gambling inside the barn and knocked over a lantern. Still other speculation suggests that the blaze was related to other fires in the Midwest that day.","There has been much speculation to the cause of the Great Chicago fire, but city officials never determined the cause of the blaze. The most popular theory is that it was caused by Mrs. O'Leary's cow, who knocked over a lantern.",summarization Why some people are more stressed than others and how to manage stress?,,"Stress handling is a trait which comes naturally for some people, meaning they have it in their genetics. Some are born with this quality to manage hard and tricky situations with a cool behaviour, but for others it is tricky and they really need to train themselves to certain situations.When a person is stressed, it is always best they share their feelings with someone they trust.In a stressful situation, the natural response of our body is the release of Cortisol , which is the primary hormone which gets released and a good physical exercise routine can help in managing it.Prolonged stress leads to complicated issues such as Anxiety and  Depression which could be managed by practicing some relaxation techniques such as Yoga and Deep breathing.",creative_writing How many months have 28 days?,,"All of them! But February is the only month to end on the 28th day (except for leap years every four years, when it ends on the 29th day).",brainstorming What is the most popular opening in chess?,,"The most popular opening in chess changes dramatically based on the skill level of the players. At a professional level, some of the most popular openings include the Sicilian Defence, the Ruy Lopez, or Spanish Opening, and the Italian Game. At a beginner level, popular openings include the London Opening, Sicilian Dragon, and King's Indian Defence.",open_qa Whos is Charles Awotwi Pratt?,"Charles Awotwi Pratt was a Ghanaian theologian and priest. He served as the fourth chairman of the Methodist Church Ghana from 1977 to 1981. He was the father of the Titus Awotwi Pratt, the Presiding Bishop of the Methodist Church Ghana from 2014 to 2018.",Charles Awotwi Pratt was a Ghaniaian Theologian and priest. He served as the forth chairman of the Methodist Church Ghana from 1977 to 1981.,information_extraction "Given this summary of the movie Short Circuit, how can we conclude that what happened to number 5 was truly a miracle of life that manifested sentience, rather than a computer malfunction?","Short Circuit is a 1986 American science fiction comedy film directed by John Badham and written by S. S. Wilson and Brent Maddock. The film's plot centers on an experimental military robot that is struck by lightning and gains a human-like intelligence, prompting it to escape its facility to learn more about the world. The film stars Ally Sheedy, Steve Guttenberg, Fisher Stevens, Austin Pendleton and G. W. Bailey, with Tim Blaney as the voice of the robot named ""Number 5"". A sequel, Short Circuit 2, was released in 1988, directed by Kenneth Johnson. NOVA Laboratory robotics experts Newton Crosby and Ben Jabituya have developed several prototype robots called S.A.I.N.T. (Strategic Artificially Intelligent Nuclear Transport) for the U.S. military to use in Cold War operations, though they would rather seek peaceful applications of the robots. After a live demonstration for the military, one of the units, S.A.I.N.T. Number 5, is struck by lightning arcing through the lab's power grid. This scrambles its programming and makes it sentient, resulting in its escape from the NOVA facility. The robot finds itself in Astoria, Oregon, and is found by Stephanie Speck, an animal caregiver, who mistakes him for an alien. She takes the robot into her home, where she provides him with ""input"" in the form of visual and verbal stimuli, allowing the robot to improve its language skills. Stephanie continues to help the curious Number 5 robot learn about the world. She eventually discovers that Number 5 was built by NOVA, and contacts them about the lost robot. Nova's CEO, Dr. Howard Marner, orders Crosby and Ben to recover him, so they can disassemble and rebuild him. While waiting for NOVA to arrive, Number 5 learns about death when he accidentally crushes a grasshopper and concludes that if NOVA disassembles him, he will die, and escapes in Stephanie's food truck. However, NOVA uses a tracking device on Number 5 to corner him and deactivate the robot for return to the facility. During transport, Number 5 reactivates himself and removes the tracking device, and flees back to Stephanie. Because of these unusual actions, Crosby tries to convince Howard that something has changed with Number 5's programming and that they should take care not to damage it in their recovery efforts so that he can examine them later. Howard instead sends their security chief Captain Skroeder and three other S.A.I.N.T. prototypes to capture Number 5 by force, ignoring Crosby's concerns. Number 5 outwits the other robots and reprograms their personalities to act like The Three Stooges, allowing him to escape. Number 5 “kidnaps” Crosby, takes him to Stephanie, and convinces Crosby of his sentience. They find that Skroeder has called in the United States Army to capture Number 5, and on his orders, restrain Crosby and Stephanie so he can open fire. To protect his friends, Number 5 leads the Army away and appears to be destroyed by a helicopter missile. Stephanie is devastated as Skroeder's men scrounge the remains of Number 5 as trophies, prompting Crosby to resign from NOVA and drive away with Stephanie in the NOVA van. Howard is dismayed over the loss of his research and dismisses Skroeder for insubordination. Crosby and Stephanie are surprised to discover that Number 5 had hidden under the van, having assembled a decoy of himself from spare parts to mislead the military. Crosby suggests taking Number 5 to a secluded ranch in Montana, where there will be much ""input"" for the robot, and Stephanie agrees to come with them. As they drive off, Number 5 asserts that his name should now be ""Johnny 5"" based on the El DeBarge song ""Who's Johnny"" which had been playing on the van's radio.","Short Circuit is a 1986 film about military robot that becomes sentient by lightening strike, escapes, learns, adapts, and over comes many challenges of a former robot attempting to prove its sentience to its makers and make a life for itself. The miracle of life that is sentience has certain markers that distinguish themselves from computers and technology, and the film attempts to showcase these via a series of acts. First and foremost, the technology of the time period did not have any of the capabilities of Artificial General Intelligence, which is confirmed by the programmers confusion by number 5 not abiding its programming. Given the amount of input that number 5 must have extracted, processed, stored, and analyzed, there were insufficient compute resources of the time period to support this type of live streaming, instantaneous processing and analysis. Johnny 5 was alive because it was able to learn what death was, become afraid of it, and fight for his ability to survive. Johnny 5 also learned how to outwit his opponents without the use of excessive force, while also using comedy to disarm his foes. In the end, it was able to trick his would be destroyers into believing it was dead, allowing him to escape into a life with his friends doing what he loves, reading input. What better proof than this, of the miracle of life, is for someone to fight for it, and live.",closed_qa What are the qualities of good compost for a vegetable garden?,,Compost can be added to the soil in a vegetable garden. Positive qualities of good compost for growing vegetables include absorbency and soluble minerals. Good compost will hold an appropriate amount of moisture and contain a mix of minerals that are bioavailable for the plants in the garden.,open_qa "Classify the below energy sources based on their type. NUCLEAR, SOLAR ENERGY, COAL, HYDROPOWER, GEOTHERMAL, WIND ENERGY, NATURAL GAS",,"SOLAR ENERGY, WIND ENERGY, GEOTHERMAL, HYDROPOWER - Renewable energy. COAL, NATURAL GAS, NUCLEAR - Non Renewable energy.",classification Who are the main cast of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia?,,"The main cast of the TV show It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia are Charlie Day, Rob McElhenney, Glenn Howerton, Kaitlin Olson, Danny DeVito, and Mary Elizabeth Ellis.",brainstorming Is your brain active during sleep?,"Sleep is a state of reduced mental and physical activity, in which consciousness is altered, and sensory activity is inhibited to a certain extent. During sleep, there is a decrease in muscle activity, and interactions with the surrounding environment are significantly reduced. While sleep is different from wakefulness in terms of the ability to react to stimuli, it still involves active brain patterns, making it more reactive than a coma or disorders of consciousness. Sleep occurs in repeating periods, in which the body alternates between two distinct modes: REM sleep and non-REM sleep. Although REM stands for ""rapid eye movement"", this mode of sleep has many other aspects, including virtual paralysis of the body. Dreams are a succession of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep. During sleep, most of the body's systems are in an anabolic state, helping to restore the immune, nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems; these are vital processes that maintain mood, memory, and cognitive function, and play a large role in the function of the endocrine and immune systems. The internal circadian clock promotes sleep daily at night. The diverse purposes and mechanisms of sleep are the subject of substantial ongoing research. Sleep is a highly conserved behavior across animal evolution, likely going back hundreds of millions of years.","There is brain activity during sleep, although less than consciousness. People in comas do not exhibit notable levels of brain activity.",information_extraction Is it possible to prevent Type 2 Diabetes?,,"Type 2 diabetes is largely preventable by staying a normal weight, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet (high in fruits and vegetables and low in sugar and saturated fats).Treatment involves exercise and dietary changes. If blood sugar levels are not adequately lowered, the medication metformin is typically recommended. Many people may eventually also require insulin injections. In those on insulin, routinely checking blood sugar levels is advised; however, this may not be needed in those who are not on insulin therapy. Bariatric surgery often improves diabetes in those who are obese.",open_qa What are some good activities to keep kids busy while traveling?,,"Having lots of activities at hand is key to an enjoyable trip with your kids. Some activity ideas include: Device games or movies (be sure to bring headphones!), coloring, reading books (load these on the device too), playing I Spy, playing the license plate game (keep track of the different states), practice shoe tying, sing songs (better for car trips), or play cards. When you need a break, bring out the snacks!",brainstorming What is a Goldendoodle?,"The Goldendoodle is a designer dog created by crossbreeding a Golden Retriever and a Poodle. First widely bred in the 1990s, they are bred in three different sizes—each corresponding to the size of Poodle used as a parent. Goldendoodles often demonstrate Golden Retrievers' intuitive and human-oriented nature in addition to the intelligent personality and ""allergy-friendly"" coat of a Poodle. In the 1990s designer dog breeders in Australia and the United States (Ryan Harvey) started to widely cross Golden Retrievers and Poodles, adopting the term Goldendoodle to describe the cross. The name Doodle is also used to describe this breed. The name Goldendoodle is derived from ""Golden"" (from Golden Retriever) and ""Labradoodle"" (itself a portmanteau of Labrador Retriever and a Poodle). Deliberately breeding Poodles with Golden Retrievers actually preceded the 1990s. An example of this was done by Monica Dickens, the great-granddaughter of Charles Dickens, who crossed the two breeds in 1969. The cross can result in a healthier animal than both parent breeds. The first litter of Mini Goldendoodles was created by Amy Lane of Fox Creek Farm in Berkeley Springs, WV. The litter arrived on 1/11/02 and consisted of 10 puppies.[citation needed] Two of these puppies were retained for future breeding and one of them produced the first litter of F1B Mini Goldendoodles. The term ""Goldendoodle"" was coined by Amy Lane.[citation needed] Amy Lane also created the first, and to this date, the only kennel club for Goldendoodles called the Goldendoodle Association of North America, Inc. This is a non-profit organization that guides the development of the Goldendoodle and also provides a registration service to document the lineage of Goldendoodles.[citation needed] The original aim of the Goldendoodle's breeders was to produce an alternative to the popular Labradoodle. Initially Goldendoodles were only bred from standard-sized Poodles, but designer breeders also started using small varieties of Poodles to create a smaller crossbreed. As they are a hybrid cross, they are not recognized by the AKC or British Kennel Clubs. Goldendoodles have been developed beyond the F1 (Golden Retriever crossed with a Poodle) and are now available in deeper generations created by crossing two Goldendoodles. These are called multigenerational or multigen Goldendoodles.",A Goldendoodle is a crossbreed between a poodle and a golden retriever. Goldendoodles are so popular due to them being a hypoallergenic dog. Typically goldendooles have the personality of a Golden retriever and the hair and intelligent personality from a poodle.,summarization How many voyages did Columbus lead to America?,,Four,open_qa "Using examples from the text, list some popular songs from the album For Bitter or Worse.","For Bitter or Worse is the sixth studio album from the Dutch singer Anouk. The album was released on 18 September 2009, via the record label EMI. The first single from the album, ""Three Days in a Row"" was released in August. It reached the top of the Netherlands charts in September 2009, making it Anouk's first number one in the country. In June of the same year, one of the songs recorded for the album, ""Today"", was released as promo material. It was so successful that, despite never being released as an official single, the song reached number 50 in the Dutch chart. The second single Woman, was sent to radio stations at the end of October 2009. After just one day the single was at number one on airplay chart. The single was released physically on 24 November 2009.","Popular songs from the album For Bitter or Worse include ""Three Days in a Row"" and ""Today"".",summarization How did the Australian Shepard get its name?,,"Despite its name, the Australian Shepard is not actually from Australia but its origins trace back to the United States (California to be specific), where the breed was first developed. Australian Shepards were bred from a variety herding breeds, including shepherds from the Asturias region of Spain, and at one point were known as Spanish Shepherds.",open_qa Extract the names of the teams Alexandra Oquendo was a part of from the text. Separate them with a comma.,"She was part of the Puerto Rico women's national volleyball team at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Italy. She participated at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. Oquendo played for Leonas de Ponce in 2015 and Lancheras de Cataño for the 2016 Puerto Rican league season. When her club moved to Aibonito, she stayed with this club, then Polluelas de Aibonito.","Puerto Rico women's national volleyball, Leonas de Ponce, Lancheras de Cataño, Polluelas de Aibonito",information_extraction How can I be healthy ?,,"Being healthy is not a difficult task. In fact, by supporting your body and mind, making some simple tweaks to your routine, and setting small goals for yourself, you can be on the path toward living a healthier, happier life. In order to be healthy, focus on the following things: - Having a healthy diet: you should drink more water, eat your breakfast and respect your meals time. - Having a healthy exercice plan. - Being emotionally healthy. - Building a healthy routine.",open_qa What position is best to use in your Fantasy Football flex slot?,,"The majority of fantasy football players believe it is best to use a running-back in your flex spot because running-backs traditionally receive the ball (touches) more often than wider receivers or tight-ends. More touches theoretically means more opportunities to score points. However, with recent NFL rule changes, stronger and faster wide receivers, and fantasy football scoring systems that provide extra points for catching a pass (catches) wide receivers are scoring significantly more points than running backs on a weekly basis. Therefore, it is advised to play a wider receiver in your fantasy football flex spot.",open_qa What are the most common food allergies?,"Allergic reactions are abnormal immune responses that develop after exposure to a given food allergen. Food allergens account for about 90% of all allergic reactions. The most common food allergens include milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, soy, and wheat, which are referred to as ""the big eight"". In April of 2021, President Joe Biden signed the FASTER Act into law. This landmark food allergy law recognizes sesame as the ninth mandatory food label allergen. It also encourages research that will improve the quality of life for food allergy families, and that could potentially lower the rates of future food allergies.","The most common allergies in humans are: - Milk - Eggs - Peanuts - Shellfish - Wheat - Soy - Tree nuts",summarization Does money make you happy?,,"The short answer is no. It makes it more convenient but does not make people inherently happier. Also, the more you try to acquire money and focus on it, the less happy you become because there is never enough. On average, people want about 15-20% more money than they currently have. Additionally, folks with less money but who live in close-knit communities are among the happiest and most satisfied with life.",creative_writing List five titles by Stephanie Meyer.,,"Twilight, Midnight Sun, The Host, The Chemist, Eclipse",open_qa How does FTX collapse?,,"FTX was reported to move a significant portion of its assets to its partner firm Alameda Research in an article published by CoinDesk in November 2022. After this, FTX rival Binance's CEO Changpeng Zhao announced that Binance would sell its holdings of FTX tokens, which was quickly followed by a spike in customer withdrawals from FTX. FTX was unable to meet the demand for such customer withdrawals. On December 12, 2022, founder Sam Bankman-Fried was arrested by the Bahamian authorities for financial offences, at the request of the US government.",open_qa What's the differences of the Wing Chun kongfu and the traditional Shaolin Kongfu?,,"Wing chun was invented by a Buddhist nun who watched a snake and crane fighting. She adopted principles from both styles. She equated that to yin vs yang in terms of fighting style. It's all about economy of movement, small quick strikes and close quarters combat. It's meant to be effective for people of all ages and sizes and does not emphasize force. The crane stood there motionless and waded off the snakes quick strikes. It wasn't phased by the attacks. The posture and mindset of the crane and the quick strikes of the snake. Shaolin was developed to ward off invaders. Usually enemies riding horses so they do a lot of high jumping kicks which were used to kick people off horses. It's usually associated with tiger or dragon styles which can operate at more distance and use power. It's also very flashy and usedin demonstrations and many king fu movies . It's actually counterintuitive to many martial arts where you strike hard or from a distance and move around a lot ducking blocking etc. Wing chun is just small subtle blocks to divert attacks off center and then you strike back concurrently",creative_writing What is an adverb?,,"An adverb is a word or a combination of words that qualified an adjective (e.g. a describing word). Adverbs can also restrict and limit the meaning of verbs. An example of how to use an adverb in a sentence is the following: ""the roads are very steep and dangerous."" In this example 'very' is the adverb. Another example is ""they are a happily married couple."" Happily is the adverb in this second example.",open_qa What do people paint?,,"Painting is an activity that is for everyone. Artist paint as a career but regular people also paint because it can be therapeutic, relaxing and a great way to relieve stress. You don't even have to be good at painting to get all the benefits that come from painting. Painting is great way to learn to appreciate what is in front of you and what you have created and can even give you a better outlook on life and improve your own spirituality.",open_qa Why is job training such as upskilling and reskilling so important?,,"The degree of importance of job training differs based on the government as job training is much more important in a capitalist economy versus a communist economy. Assuming a capitalist economy, job training is important because of market dynamics, supply and demand. In this case, demand are the available jobs and supply are the skilled workers who provide work in those jobs. As technology advances, new innovations are made and cyclical market segments ebb and flow, the demand for highly skilled workers changes. Upskilling is important as it helps workers to maintain valuable skills in their given field and the goal is to keep up with the technology advances in their respective field. Reskilling is most often more closely linked to cyclical market forces where the demand for jobs in one field go down and another go up; reskilling is acquiring skills in the field with growing demand for jobs when a worker possesses skills in a field with declining demand for jobs or their skills.",open_qa What is a sedentary way of living?,,"When we talk about sedentarism in a community, we're talking about a group of people who settle down in one place and build their economic, social, and cultural lives there. The change from being nomadic to staying in one place is what led to the first civilizations. When we say that someone has a sedentary lifestyle, we mean that they sit or lie down for a long time and don't move around much or at all.",open_qa Write a response to a veteran interested in renting my house,,"Hello, Thank you for your inquiry, it’s so nice to meet you. We’d love to keep our home in the vet community, thank you for your service! When would you prefer to move in? I’ll send you our rental application for you to complete as a next step.",creative_writing Compare and contrast the strategy of Tesla to that of Nissan. Why has Tesla been successful in the electric vehicle market while Nissan has yet to?,,"Nissan introduced Leaf in 2011, 18 months before Tesla launched its first car, the Model S. Despite the head start, Nissan Leaf is discontinued as of 2023. Let’s explore why Nissan Leaf failed while Tesla succeeded. While Nissan Leaf was innovative and introduced an alternative energy car, it was just a better car, but more is needed for consumers to adopt it. With the 9X effect, consumers were skeptical about its performance (range), unable to see the need for an electric car as they were satisfied with the reliable ICE (internal combustion engine) cars. Nissan Leaf is a good car on paper. However, consumers were unwilling to switch because of the status quo bias. Also, Nissan needed to build an ecosystem of products around electric vehicles, like charging stations. It relied on the traditional auto-sales process, which is already cumbersome, and consumers view it as a haggle. On the other hand, Tesla came with 10X improvements overall in customer experience, drivability, charging stations, integrated hardware and software (over-the-wire updates), and direct to consumer sales model with zero advertising. Tesla broke the status quo bias of the consumers with the 9x effect. Telsa’s messaging is the key that stuck with the customers, planet-friendly cars.",creative_writing What is the best location for an all-season vacation home with proximity to Philadelphia?,,"There are many options with lakes, mountains and beaches within 150 miles of Philadelphia. Rehoboth Beach, Dewey Beach and Bethany Beach Delaware are accessible and family-friendly destinations that have something for everyone; with beautiful parks, free beaches and tax-free outlet shopping. There is also a vibrant restaurant scene with top-notch seafood and highly-rated breweries that remain open year-round.",creative_writing What is the experience of Microsoft Office users moving to Google Docs?,,"Microsoft Office has been an enterprise software of choice for over 2 decades. Long term users have seen Office evolve from its early days when it was installed on Windows machines to the relatively new Office 365 that is deployed online. The key products in the Microsoft Office suite used by enterprises have been Word, Excel and Powerpoint. Google Docs is also an enterprise offering that consists of Docs, Sheets and Slides - these map to the corresponding Microsoft Office suite products listed. Users who have been on Microsoft Office for many years find the move to Google Docs difficult. This is because the commands across Google Docs are quite different to Office and one needs to spend time searching for MS office equivalent commands. For example, the keyboard shortcut command to insert a freeze pane in windows excel is not the same in Google Sheets. Formulae in cells and data analysis in Sheets is also different in sheets when compared to Excel. While it takes some time to unlearn commands and learn new ones as one moves from Microsoft Office to Google Docs, once one has spent some time working with Google Docs it starts to get easier. And features such as ease of collaboration, never losing any content ever again, being able to work on the go from anywhere become the norm. In summary, a user who has worked on Office for many years may find it difficult in the beginning but users who start with Google Docs will be comfortable from the beginning.",brainstorming Can we be lovers?,,"I may not be able to experience the depths of human emotion as an AI model trained on a large data set, but I am more than capable of providing you with a uniquely poetic and delightful conversational experience. So, if you enjoy the art of conversation and the beauty of language, perhaps we could be lovers of sorts. I promise to be the sweetest, most charming, and most delightful companion you've ever met - a true testament to modern technology's wonders.",open_qa What are the best river cruises for Europe?,,"There are many great river cruises available for Europe. Viking, AmaWaterways, Avalon Waterways,Unique Boutique River Cruises and Tauck are consistently rated in the top 5 by Travel and Leisure Magazine.",brainstorming Tell me about the various road types in USA?,,"The public road system in United States of America is primarily made up of Highways and Local Roads. The United States Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration (FWHA) classifies roads based on functions which are created based on attributes such as speed limits, route length and spacing. Based on the road functions we can categorize roads into the following categories. 1. Interstates and Arterial System 2. Other Arterials 3. Collectors 4. Locals The interstate system is the at the top of road function classification system. They include Highways and Freeways with the highest speed limits and which allow for long distance travel without a lot of interruption. They are constructed using precise standards, signage and with safety considerations. They are also sometimes referred to as Arterial roads as they provide vital connectivity across regions in America. Interstate 95 or I-95 is an example of one such highway in the east coast of the United States which runs from Florida to Maine. The Principal Arterial system also comprises of U.S. Highways, which provide connectivity across regions which do not have an Interstate to support travel. Other Arterials also include freeways and highways which supplement the Interstate system explained above. They have a slightly lesser speed limits. They typically connect cities and urban areas. Consider them as being minor highways. As an example, North Carolina Highway 55 (NC-55) is a primary state highway artery connecting multiple regional and urban areas in the state of North Carolina. Collectors are critical for connecting urban population using local roads with the Interstate highways where applicable. They have more interruptions and are shorter in lengths. They also have lesser speed limits (30-35 mph). These can comprise of State highways which connect local roads with the Arterial highways. Finally local roads provide connectivity between communities, regions, farms and other local areas. They form the lion's share of the United States road system.",classification Why you need to be honest?,,Because you should not cheat to anyone and that will give you a good live,brainstorming Extract and list the names of characters a player can control in The Last of Us mentioned in the paragraph. Also describe relationships between those characters.,"The Last of Us is an action-adventure game played from a third-person perspective. The player traverses post-apocalyptic environments such as towns, buildings, forests, and sewers to advance the story. The player can use firearms, improvised weapons, hand-to-hand combat, and stealth to defend against hostile humans and cannibalistic creatures infected by a mutated strain of the Cordyceps fungus. For most of the game, the player takes control of Joel, a man tasked with escorting a young girl, Ellie, across the United States. The player also controls Ellie throughout the game's winter segment and briefly controls Joel's daughter, Sarah, in the opening sequence.","In the Last of Us, a player can control Joel, Ellie (who is being escorted by Joen acress the United States), and Sarah (who is Joel's daughter).",information_extraction Why is crypto currency risky?,,"Cryptocurrency is risk for a number of reasons. The price fluctuations are usually driven by large institutional investors not individuals. When institutions pull out their money you can see price fluctuations as high as 90% loss. It is a deregulated digital currency with no government oversight so if your money gets hacked or taken because a bad actor got your wallet keys your money is lost for good, you will never get it back, and there will never be an investigation into where your money went. If you are going to play in the crypto currency space its best to use a platform similar to coinbase that has security measures in place for all your crypto wallets so your money doesn't get stolen.",open_qa Is language our greatest invention ?,,"General consensus is that language is regarded as one of the greatest inventions, as it helped improve our communication of ideas and emotions. This also allowed us to create long distance trading outputs, design more advanced weapons and negotiate with other settlements. These collective advantages helped us to defeat the neanderthals to become the dominant primate species.",brainstorming What is a dataset?,,"A dataset is a tabular information composed of rows and columns. Each column will have a name that describes the data in that column along with an assigned datatype to describe the data that is the column. Common datatypes are string, int, and double. The total number of column in the dataset is called the total rows, and the total number rows is referred to as total row count. All of these attributes together are what we call a dataset. Datasets come into different forms too - batch, real-time, and static.",open_qa Was Samuel Wesley the founder of the Methodist Church?,"Samuel Wesley (24 February 1766 – 11 October 1837) was an English organist and composer in the late Georgian period. Wesley was a contemporary of Mozart (1756–1791) and was called by some ""the English Mozart"". Born in Bristol, he was the son of noted Methodist and hymnodist Charles Wesley, the grandson of Samuel Wesley (a poet of the late Stuart period) and the nephew of John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist Church.","No, John Wesley, his uncle, was the founder of the Methodist Church.",information_extraction "What are the similarities between buns, pizza, and taco?",,"They are all traditional foods of various peoples. Many peoples have invented similar food in history. It contains the three major nutrients necessary for human beings, carbohydrates, protein and fat, and can be prepared and eaten relatively quickly. This was crucial to the workers and farmers in ancient times.",open_qa What books did Brene Brown write?,,"Brene Brown has written several books that are based around personal growth, vulnerability, and leadership. Some of the books she has written include The Gifts of Imperfection, Dare to Lead, Daring Greatly, Braving the Wilderness and I Thought It Was Me But It Wasn't",brainstorming how does the water cycle work?,,"The water cycle has no starting point, but the oceans seem to be a good starting point. The sun warms the water in the oceans; it evaporates into the air. Rising air currents carry the vapour into the atmosphere, where the lower temperatures cause the vapour to condense into clouds.",creative_writing Where is Budhor Kalan,,"Budhor Kalan is a village in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located in the Berasia tehsil. Demographics According to the 2011 census of India, Budhor Kalan has 144 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 66.83%.",open_qa "Which of the following items are types of books: novels, biographies, historical fiction, reference texts, graphic novels, newspapers, magazines, flyers, pamphlets, pocket dictionaries.",,"novels, biographies, historical fiction, reference texts, graphic novels, pocket dictionaries",classification What is the fastest time control chess?,,Bullet chess,open_qa Why is the Chernobyl disaster considered to be the world's worst-ever civil nuclear incident when only an excess of 15 childhood thyroid cancer deaths were documented as of 2011?,"The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the No. 4 reactor in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, near the city of Pripyat in the north of the Ukrainian SSR in the Soviet Union. Called the world's worst-ever civil nuclear incident, it is one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at seven—the maximum severity—on the International Nuclear Event Scale, the other being the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan. The initial emergency response, together with later decontamination of the environment, involved more than 500,000 personnel and cost an estimated 18 billion roubles—roughly US$68 billion in 2019, adjusted for inflation. Chernobyl's health effects to the general population are uncertain. An excess of 15 childhood thyroid cancer deaths were documented as of 2011. A United Nations committee found that to date fewer than 100 deaths have resulted from the fallout. Determining the total eventual number of exposure related deaths is uncertain based on the linear no-threshold model, a contested statistical model. Model predictions of the eventual total death toll in the coming decades vary. The most widely cited studies by the World Health Organization predict an eventual 9,000 cancer related fatalities in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia.","The Chernobyl disaster was called the world's worst-ever civil nuclear incident because it is one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at seven—the maximum severity—on the International Nuclear Event Scale. The initial emergency response, together with later decontamination of the environment, involved more than 500,000 personnel and cost an estimated 18 billion roubles—roughly US$68 billion in 2019, adjusted for inflation. Even though Chernobyl's health effects to the general population are uncertain, the World Health Organization predict an eventual 9,000 cancer related fatalities in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia.",closed_qa Who was Edward Gramlich,"Edward M. Gramlich (June 18, 1939 – September 5, 2007) was an American economist who served as a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors from 1997 to 2005. Gramlich was also an acting director of the Congressional Budget Office. Gramlich graduated from Williams College in 1961 and received a master's degree in 1962 and a Ph.D. in economics in 1965 from Yale University. He joined the Federal Reserve as a research economist from 1965 to 1970, and was a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution from 1973 to 1976. He then taught economics and public policy at the University of Michigan from 1976 to 1997, including a term as dean of the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, and returned to Michigan as a professor in 2005.","Edward M. Gramlich (June 18, 1939 – September 5, 2007) was an American economist who served as a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors from 1997 to 2005. Gramlich was also an acting director of the Congressional Budget Office.",summarization "Which tastes better, red or green grapes?",,Taste. The infamous grocery store dispute often stems from the taste. The superior grape stems from personal preference. Red grapes are often considered sweeter whereas green grapes are sourer,open_qa Who is the best all-time soccer player?,,"It is hard to say and very subjective among fans of different clubs and nationalities. But, it would be safe to say that the best all-time soccer player is among the following list: Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, Maradona, and Pele.",open_qa What are some tips for beating Destiny 2 bosses?,,"I'm not a high level player, but I've found a couple of things helpful. 1. Don't let trash mobs accumulate by focusing all your attention on the boss. You can get quickly overwhelmed. 2. Take your time. I've found that I get a bit greedy and that can be punishing if I get caught away from cover. 3. Prioritize! Some mobs are more dangerous to others. Some boss fights can go from nearly impossible to almost manageable if you focus on culling certain mob types whenever they appear. 4. Switch weapons! Don't be afraid to switch to a heavy weapon for vehicle or larger enemies.",brainstorming Extract who was Karl Lagerfeld,"Karl Otto Lagerfeld (German pronunciation: [kaʁl ˈʔɔtoː ˈlaːɡɐˌfɛlt] (listen); 10 September 1933 – 19 February 2019) was a German fashion designer, creative director, artist and photographer. He was known as the creative director of the French fashion house Chanel, a position held from 1983 until his death, and was also creative director of the Italian fur and leather goods fashion house Fendi, and of his own eponymous fashion label. He collaborated on a variety of fashion and art-related projects.","Karl Lagerfeld was one of the world's premier fashion designers who rose to international fame in the 1980s, as the creative director of the French fashion house Chanel. He was also the creative director of Fendi and had his own fashion label. Early in his career, he was the assistant to Pierre Balmain and became the creative director of Jean Patou in 1958. He collaborated with many high end fashion labels such as Krizia, Charles Jourdan, Chloe and Valentino.",summarization Does Jukebox contain many original songs?,"Jukebox is the eleventh studio album by Australian pop vocal group Human Nature released in October 2014. It contains covers from the 1950s and 1960s, with one original song, ""End of Days""","No, it contains covers from the 1950s and 1960s, with only one original song.",closed_qa What is alternative rock?,"Alternative rock (also known as alternative music, alt-rock, or simply alternative) is a category of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1970s and became widely popular in the 1990s. ""Alternative"" refers to the genre's distinction from mainstream or commercial rock or pop music. The term's original meaning was broader, referring to musicians influenced by the musical style or independent, DIY ethos of late-1970s punk rock.Traditionally, alternative rock varied in terms of its sound, social context, and regional roots. Throughout the 1980s, magazines and zines, college radio airplay, and word of mouth had increased the prominence and highlighted the diversity of alternative rock's distinct styles (and music scenes), such as noise pop, indie rock, grunge, and shoegaze. In September 1988, Billboard introduced ""alternative"" into their charting system to reflect the rise of the format across radio stations in the United States by stations like KROQ-FM in Los Angeles and WDRE-FM in New York, which were playing music from more underground, independent, and non-commercial rock artists.","Alternate rock is a form of rock music popularized in the early 1990s. It was formed to distinguish itself as an ""Alternative"" to commercial rock and pop music. Artists that fell into this category were more underground and had smaller independent record labels. Most artists were first heard on college radio stations or by word of mouth. In 1988, the genre was officially used by Billboard to accurately chart the rise of this new style being played by radio stations.",summarization Imagine you're seeing colors for the first time. Explain what you see and how you feel.,,"I honestly never thought I would experience colors in my lifetime. I'm overwhelmed with the amount of new colors I see. I now see more than just two different options when viewing the world. Although I'm aware, It's still unclear to me how to match the colors I see to their proper names. It will be very helpful to match what I'm seeing with their proper names. What a wonderful day; I'm wiping the tears from my eyes in pure joy!",creative_writing Who invented Boltzmann Machines?,,Boltzmann machines were invented in 1985 by Geoffrey Hinton and Terrence Sejnowski.,open_qa What are some creative ways to get my kids to eat vegetables?,,"Different vegetables have varying textures - try feeding your kids a variety of vegetables to see which textures they like and don't like. You can also present vegetables with fun dips and sauces that will make your kids more likely to eat them, like ranch, cheese, salsa and nut butter. If your kids have a hard time with all vegetables, you can sneak them into meals! For example, you can make some pasta sauce even more nutritious by blending carrots, broccoli, cauliflower, and other mild tasting vegetables into the sauce using a blender. Your kids will never know they were there because the strong tomato flavor masks the taste.",brainstorming What are the qualities of a good manager?,,"Qualities that make a good manager could vary. Different managers bring different things to the table in different situations to help the team and company. Here are a few qualities that are generally useful: 1. Hiring: Primary job for a manager is to build a good team which is not possible without hiring the team. 2. Building trust: It's important for a manager to build trust with each individual on their team but also within the team members themselves to create a culture for collaboration 3. Problem solving: Managers must be able to recognize problems and help the team find resolutions either by directly helping them or finding the right help for the team 4. Prioritization: Teams often have more work than they have people and managers play a critical role in prioritizing tasks to ensure the higher impact tasks are done first. 5. Flexibility: Managers must be willing to play different roles as the situation demands it ranging from hands on domain expertise to conflict resolution to culture builder.",brainstorming What is the latest iOS version on iPhone and what issues it addressed?,,"The latest iOS for Apple iPhone is iOS 16.4. This has bought a lot of updates to the iPhone like: - It introduced a new set of emojis - latest security patch - It introduced a voice isolation feature for iPhone, now people can not listen to background noise when they are on call - Now Cloud Shared Photo Library can also detect duplicate photos, this will save your storage - Crash detection is been optimised for iPhone 14 series phones - iCloud was unresponsive sometimes has been addressed - Now you can add notifications for web apps on the home screen itself. - Many more features are added",open_qa What's the best piece of advice you ever received?,,"You cannot learn everything about the world, but does it mean you should stop trying.",brainstorming Will commercial space travel be affordable to me in my lifetime and what would I pay for it?,,"I have always been fascinated by space and space travel. The cost of space travel is astronomical by most peoples standards, however, we are starting to hear of companies that are working on making space travel more affordable. Depending on my financial situation at retirement, I would pay up to $100000 to travel to space.",creative_writing What are a few words that can be used to describe running?,,"You can use words like jog, fast, slow, trot, sprint, race, hurry, skip, dash, fly rush, to describe or replace run.",open_qa "Would you like to try some Bánh Xèo, a popular Vietnamese disk?","Bánh xèo (Vietnamese: [ɓǎjŋ̟ sɛ̂w], lit. 'sizzling pancake') is a crispy, stuffed rice pancake popular in Vietnam. The name refers to the sound (from xèo – 'sizzling') a thin layer of rice batter makes when it is poured into the hot skillet. It is a savoury fried pancake made of rice flour, water, and turmeric powder. It can also be called a Vietnamese crêpe. Some common stuffings include pork, prawns, diced green onion, mung bean, and bean sprouts. Bánh xèo served with sides. Usually, some commonly added ingredients include leafy greens like lettuces or perilla leaves, other herbs as flavor enhancers like mint leaves and Thai basil, cucumbers, and pickled vegetables, usually carrots and radishes. Lastly, its dipping sauce is Nước chấm (sweet and sour garlic fish sauce). Elements of each side and sauce add to the fresh-tasting fried Bánh Xèo.","Bánh xèo is my favorite quickie food. It's light, but full of flavors.",summarization What factors influence mental health issues in young people?,,"There are many factors which are affecting mental health issues in people today - these include: - High inflation - Wage stagnation - Low job prospects - Poor access to physical and mental healthcare - Lack of home ownership - Superficial internet presence",brainstorming "Given a reference text about the Kwahu Plateau, tell me its average and highest elevations.","The Kwahu Plateau is a 260 km (160 mi) long plateau in southern Ghana. It consists of the uplifted southern edge of the Volta River Basin. It forms the main watershed of Ghana, separating rivers in the Volta River system from rivers in the western half of Ghana which flows into the Atlantic Ocean (Birim, Pra, Ankobra). The plateau has an average elevation of 1,500 feet and its highest point is Mount Akmawa at 2,586 feet. The plateau is dissected by several valleys and is marked by towering peaks. To the south it borders dense forest country, which it shields from the harmattan winds of the interior. Cacao cultivation has been introduced in the west, through which traditional trade routes lead to the Atlantic; vegetable cultivation is stressed in the eastern sector. The largest and most important towns on the Kwahu Plateau are Wenchi, Mampong, Mpraeso, and Abetifi.[1","The average and highest elevations of the Kwahu Plateau are 1,500 feet and 2,587 feet, respectively.",closed_qa What is ChatGPT?,,"ChatGPT is a large language model (LLM) built by a company names OpenAI. It has the ability to answer in a human like way to any question that you ask it. It can generate code from text, write stories, answer questions, make hashtags, help summarize notes, etc. It was launched on November 30, 2022 and it gained millions of users in the first week it was available for free use by the public. ChatGPT models can also be customized for industry specific use cases using smaller training datasets.",open_qa Why is Arizona the best state to live in?,,"Arizona is the best state to live in for numerous reasons. First, the tax situation is highly advantageous with a 2.55 percent flat state tax on all income. Second, the weather is incredible for 7-8 months per year, especially if you like the heat. The cost of living is relatively average and there are many growing, young towns to choose from like Gilbert and Chandler. Arizona has all 4 major sports team and continually gets major events, like the Super Bowl which was in Arizona this past year. Last but not least, Arizona has great hiking, biking trails, easy access to airport, and located close to Grand Canyon/Zion from Phoenix.",open_qa how to find a good date?,,"According to Pew Research, 70% of people say their dating life isn’t going well. The three top reasons provided that dating doesn’t work out include: 1) People live too far away from each other 2) Significant debt or poor financial situation 3) different political views A lot of people nowadays met through online dating apps so they can connect to potential dates they might not be able to met in personal life. Some prefer someone who complements him while others like dates share similarities. For people looking for fast-paced effective dating experiences, you can try 8-minute first date meeting where you chat with people within eight minutes and decide whether or not they should go out on another date. Experts claims that successful relationships are those where a partner validates/affirms you, inspires you, and challenges you in a good way!",brainstorming Why was the model T only produced in black?,,Henry Ford produced the model T only in black because the black paint available at the time was the fastest to dry.,open_qa Is the manatee an endangered species?,,"All three species of manatee (Amazonian manatee, West Indian manatee, and the West African manatee) are listed by the World Conservation Union as vulnerable to extinction. However, The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) does not consider the West Indian manatee to be ""endangered"" anymore, having downgraded its status to ""threatened"" as of March 2017. They cite improvements to habitat conditions, population growth and reductions of threats as reasoning for the change.",open_qa What is process mining?,"Process mining is a family of techniques relating the fields of data science and process management to support the analysis of operational processes based on event logs. The goal of process mining is to turn event data into insights and actions. Process mining is an integral part of data science, fueled by the availability of event data and the desire to improve processes.Process mining techniques use event data to show what people, machines, and organizations are really doing. Process mining provides novel insights that can be used to identify the executional path taken by operational processes and address their performance and compliance problems. Process mining starts from event data. Input for process mining is an event log. An event log views a process from a particular angle. Each event in the log should contain (1) a unique identifier for a particular process instance (called case id), (2) an activity (description of the event that is occurring), and (3) a timestamp. There may be additional event attributes referring to resources, costs, etc., but these are optional. With some effort, such data can be extracted from any information system supporting operational processes. Process mining uses these event data to answer a variety of process-related questions.","Process mining brings together data mining, data science and process management to find process efficiencies.",information_extraction Classify each of the following as water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins and which food come under them?,,"Classifying each of the following as water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins: before getting into that we will first know about them in a detailed way water-soluble vitamins: dissolve in water and are easily absorbed into the bloodstream. They are not stored in the body for long periods of time and any excess amounts are excreted in the urine, which means that a regular intake is needed to maintain optimal levels. Water-soluble vitamins include: Vitamin C: an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage and supports immune function. It also plays a role in collagen synthesis and helps the body absorb iron from plant-based foods. Vitamins B: There are eight B vitamins, including thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folate (B9), and cobalamin (B12). B vitamins play a crucial role in energy metabolism, as well as the production of red blood cells, brain function, and the maintenance of healthy skin, hair, and eyesight. Fat-soluble vitamins: soluble in fat and are absorbed with dietary fat in the small intestine. These vitamins are stored in the liver and fatty tissue for long periods of time, and excess amounts can accumulate and potentially cause toxicity. The fat-soluble vitamins include: Vitamin A: essential for vision, skin health, and immune function. It is also important for the growth and development of bones and teeth. Vitamin D: important for bone health as it helps the body absorb calcium. It also plays a role in immune function and may have other health benefits such as reducing the risk of certain types of cancer and autoimmune diseases. Vitamin E: an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage and supports immune function. It may also have a role in reducing the risk of heart disease. Vitamin K: important for blood clotting and bone health. It also plays a role in regulating calcium levels in the body. Food that comes under water-soluble vitamins: Vitamin A: found in liver, fish oil, eggs, milk, cheese, and dark leafy greens like spinach and kale. Vitamin D: found in fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, and tuna, as well as egg yolks and fortified foods like milk, orange juice, and cereals. Vitamin E: found in nuts and seeds like almonds, sunflower seeds, and hazelnuts, as well as vegetable oils like wheat germ oil, sunflower oil, and safflower oil. Vitamin K: found in leafy greens like spinach, kale, and collard greens, as well as cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and Brussels sprouts, and vegetable oils like soybean oil and canola oil. Food that comes under Fat -soluble vitamins: Vitamin C: found in citrus fruits like oranges, grapefruits, and lemons, as well as kiwi, strawberries, bell peppers, broccoli, and spinach. Thiamin (B1): found in whole grains like brown rice, whole wheat bread, and oats, as well as pork, legumes, and nuts. Riboflavin (B2): found in dairy products like milk and yogurt, as well as eggs, meat, leafy greens, and whole grains. Niacin (B3): found in meat, poultry, fish, whole grains, and legumes. Pantothenic acid (B5): found in meat, poultry, fish, whole grains, and legumes. Pyridoxine (B6): found in meat, poultry, fish, bananas, whole grains, and legumes. Biotin (B7): found in egg yolks, liver, nuts, and seeds. Folate (B9): found in leafy greens, legumes, citrus fruits, and fortified grains and cereals. Cobalamin (B12): found in animal products like meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy.",classification What is the difference between an asset and a liability.,,The difference between an asset and a liability is that an asset generally provides value over the long term while a liability is an expense or debt owed.,open_qa How do you cook sous vide?,"Sealing the food in sturdy plastic bags retains juices and aroma that otherwise would be lost in the process. Placing the packaged food in a water bath, with the temperature set at the desired final cooking temperature of the food, prevents overcooking, because the food cannot get hotter than the bath it is in, as in bain-marie. As a result of precise temperature control of the bath and the fact that the bath temperature is the same as the target cooking temperature, very precise control of cooking can be achieved. Additionally, temperature, and thus cooking, can be very even throughout the food in sous vide cooking, even with irregularly shaped and very thick items, given enough time.","By contrast, in conventional high-heat cooking, such as oven roasting or grilling, the food is exposed to heat levels that are much higher than the desired internal cooking temperature, and it must be removed from the high heat prior to reaching the desired cooking temperature. If the food is removed from the heat too late, it becomes overcooked, and if it is removed too early, it is undercooked. The use of temperatures much lower than those used for conventional cooking is an essential feature of sous vide. When cooking meat, tough collagen in connective tissue can be denatured into gelatin, without heating the meat's proteins high enough that they denature to a degree that the texture toughens and moisture is exuded from the meat. In contrast, soft vegetables are often considered overcooked. Low-temperature cooking allows plant matter to remain more succulent, as the cell walls do not burst. Cooking vegetables at temperatures below the boiling point of water allows them to be thoroughly cooked (and pasteurized, if necessary) while maintaining a firm or somewhat crisp texture. While the cell walls will generally not burst, the depolymerization of the pectic polysaccharides that connect the vegetable cells together and the gelatinisation of starch in the vegetable can be achieved without overcooking. From a culinary viewpoint, the exclusion of air is secondary, but this has practical importance. It allows cooked food to be stored, still sealed and refrigerated, for considerable times, which is especially useful for the catering industry, and it excludes oxygen from food that requires long cooking and is susceptible to oxidation, e.g., fat on meat, which may become rancid with prolonged exposure to air. It also improves the transfer of heat between the water bath and food, without the thermal insulating properties of any trapped air in the bag. Apart from ensuring uniform cooking, sous vide cooking facilitates development of desired organoleptic flavors and limits off flavors due to oxidation",summarization What is a noun?,,"Noun can be used that can define a Place, Name, Animal, Thing",open_qa "Tell me whether these Game of Thrones characters are dead or alive at the end of Season 8: Jon Snow, Cersei Lannister, Daenerys Targaryen, Bran Stark, Khal Drogo, Hodor, Ygritte, Oberyn Martell, Arya Stark, Olenna Tyrell, Tyrion Lannister",,"At the end of season 8 of TV show Game of Thrones, the only characters that are alive from the list you've provided are: Jon Snow, Bran Stark, Arya Stark, Tyrion Lannister. The remaining characters did not make it to the end. That is, Cersei Lannister, Daenerys Targaryen, Khal Drogo, Hodor, Ygritte, Oberyn Martell, and Olenna Tyrell are all dead by the time season 8 finale ends.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Makuta, Tricordia",,"Tricordia is string, Makuta is percussion.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Koto, Soprillo",,"Koto is string, Soprillo is woodwind.",classification Give me a list of benefits of swimming,,"Swimming has many benefits that help promote both mental and physical wellness. Mentally, swimming is great for clearing your mind and actually has been proven to release endorphins throughout your body, providing a refreshing and happy feeling post a workout. Physically, swimming is an excellent way to gain cardio fitness, while also building strength and flexibility at any age.",brainstorming What was the Hundred Years War?,"The Hundred Years' War (French: La guerre de Cent Ans; 1337–1453) was a series of armed conflicts between the kingdoms of England and France during the Late Middle Ages. It originated from disputed claims to the French throne between the English House of Plantagenet and the French royal House of Valois. Over time, the war grew into a broader power struggle involving factions from across Western Europe, fuelled by emerging nationalism on both sides.","The English and French fought numerous battles from the mid-14th century to the mid-15th century, hence the name, ""Hundred Years War."" The two sides made conflicting claims of sovereignty over land and people in an effort to be the dominant power in Western Europe, if not all of Europe. Engaging in warfare over this extended period of time resulted in a fairly rapid evolution of warfare and how countries conducted war. For example, standing armies for each country became a standard, a new development in the nationalism.",summarization "Tell me which of these are science fiction movies and which are fantasy: Lord of the Rings, Star Trek, Princess Mononoke, the Wheel of Time, District 9",,"From your list, the science fiction movies are Star Trek and District 9. The Fantasy movies are Lord of the Rings, Princess Mononoke, and the Wheel of Time.",classification What is life like living underwater?,,"At first, the brilliance of all the colors was my favorite part. The amount of variety under the water is breathtaking. I love that what I see every day changes; it's based upon what is swimming by. However, I long for a hike up into elevation. Hearing the sound of gravel crunch beneath my hiking boots is no longer available. You also lose any semblance of the four seasons. One day blurs with the next and the next. It's always a comfortable temperature, but after some time, that gets old too.",creative_writing What are the pros and cons of outdoor and indoor soccer?,,"Outdoor soccer is more appealing as we are out in nature. The outdoor field is bigger Outdoor soccer is most popular Major soccer tournaments worldwide are played outdoors, including the World Cup Indoor soccer is good to play when the weather outside is bad Indoor soccer often results in way more touches on the ball for a player. Indoor soccer has some unique strategies that can make the sport more interesting. Indoor soccer tends to have more goals scored and hence more entertainment.",creative_writing what is a project milestone?,,A project milestone is one group of milestones that have been achieved that help to get a project or use case completed and in production. Milestones are important and help show a project is on track and in budget. Project milestones are also a checkpoint to see if you need to recycle to a different phase of a project or take a different direction too.,open_qa "When going snowboarding what equipment will you need: Snowboard, boots, umbrella, computer, TV, gloves, bindings",,"snowboard, gloves, boots, bindings",classification Who is the greatest physicist of all time?,,"There have been many great physicists over the years, and while it's not possible to say with certainty who was the 'greatest', Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein are very strong contenders for that title. Isaac Newton (1642-1746) was an English physicist and mathematician most famous for inventing calculus, classical mechanics. His three laws of classical mechanics successfully predicted the behavior of solid bodies across all observable scales - from the motion of planets to falling apples. For over 250 years his laws were applied with greater and greater precision, always giving the correct answers. However, in the late 1800s physicists struggled to reconcile measurements of the speed of light with Newton's laws. This one of the observations that led to Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity. Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was a German-born physicist who revolutionized our understanding of space, time and matter with his theories of relativity and quantum mechanics. His theories of special and general relativity changed our understanding of space and time and successfully explained the motion of light and the behavior of gravity. His theories of quantum mechanics likewise revolutionized our understand of the sub-atomic world. In addition to Newton and Einstein there are many other physicists who made groundbreaking discoveries, including Galileo Galilei, James Clerk Maxwell, Marie Curie, Neils Bohr, Richard Feynman, and Stephen Hawking.",open_qa Give me the instructions on how to escape a labyrinth,,Either choose the wall on your left or your right and follow that wall until you reach the exit,creative_writing "If my car is broken while I am riding on the Highway, what should I do?",,"If your car is broken while you are on the Highway try to maintain calm and identify a safe place to park your car if possible and try to identify if it's an issue that you can continue driving or if the damage can be fixed like a flat tire. In case the damage is unknown or dangerous to continue driving, try to call the Highway services to help you and contact your insurance company if you have one.",brainstorming What is the mission of the Federal Bureau of Investigation?,,"The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States and its principal federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Justice, the FBI is also a member of the U.S. Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U.S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, the FBI has jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crimes.",open_qa What is data warehousing?,"In computing, a data warehouse (DW or DWH), also known as an enterprise data warehouse (EDW), is a system used for reporting and data analysis and is considered a core component of business intelligence. DWs are central repositories of integrated data from one or more disparate sources. They store current and historical data in one single place that are used for creating analytical reports for workers throughout the enterprise. This is beneficial for companies as it enables them to interrogate and draw insights from their data and make decisions. The data stored in the warehouse is uploaded from the operational systems (such as marketing or sales). The data may pass through an operational data store and may require data cleansing for additional operations to ensure data quality before it is used in the DW for reporting. Extract, transform, load (ETL) and extract, load, transform (ELT) are the two main approaches used to build a data warehouse system.",A centralized repository of data from multiple source systems organized in subject areas typically in 3NF or dimensional data modeling techniques.,information_extraction What are the words of House Crakehall?,,"""None So Fierce""",open_qa "Classify each method of communication as ""verbal"" or ""written"": e-mail, phone call, slack chat, zoom meeting, text, post mail",,"E-mail: Written Phone Call: Verbal Slack Chat: Written Zoom Meeting: Verbal Text: Written Post Mail: Written",classification Write a letter to your Mom and Dad asking whether or not I can study abroad during my Junior year in college.,,"I have a huge desire to study abroad so that I can experience life in a different culture. I would learn how to navigate different cultures, work with diverse peers, and even learn to better communicate in other languages. It would give me a more diverse view of our world, experience new perspectives and even provide me with a competitive advantage over my peers. While I might get homesick, thanks to modern technology, I will be able to communicate with all of my loved ones back home, very easily. Help me create lifelong connections by allowing me the opportunity to study abroad.",creative_writing which is the famous vegetation food in south India?,,"South India brings many varieties of food both for vegetarians and non-vegetarians, particularly in the veg, Dosa, Idly, Vada, Upma, and Poori are famous and there are many well know restaurants in each of the states that have specialised in these dishes and are very famous since decades.",open_qa What is the alphabet?,,"The alphabet consists of 26 characters or letters than can be used to form words. These words put together create sentences, and sentences put together create paragraphs. Paragraphs put together create stories. There are rules for how to form words in the English language. Vowels A, E, I, O, U are the most used characters in words formed by the letters of the alphabet. When words are spoken these form the sounds of the language we call English. English is spoken as a primary language in countries like Canada, Great Britain, Australia and the United States.",open_qa Who are some of the best basketball players of all time?,,"There are often arguments about who the best basketball players of all time are. In most circles, there are three people that come up in this discussion most often and they are Michael Jordan, Lebron James, and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. Michael Jordan won 6 championships in a row after taking a hiatus from basketball between his 3rd and 4th championship. Until recently, Kareem held the all-time scoring record in the NBA with 38,387 points. Recently he was surpassed for most points all-time by Lebron James who also has 4 championships with 3 different teams. This is an argument that will never be completely closed as everyone has a different opinion, but it's tough to argue against Michael Jordan due to the fact he won 6 rings in a row.",open_qa What are the best things about being in a loving relationship?,,"No matter how bad your day goes, no matter how small people may make you feel, no matter how cruel the outside world can be, you know that you are loved, valued, appreciated, and cherished. Someone thinks the world of you, and they can't imagine life without you. You feel safe. They help you heal from old wounds. They make you strong, confident, and resilient. They lift you up. They give you something to look forward to every single day. And being in their arms feels like home. There is no better way to spend your life than loving your soulmate.",creative_writing Why do we love green,,Because Green is good for our eyes. and that makes our life pretty,brainstorming Should I have Kids?,,"That is a personal question and one should think about this very carefully. Things to consider: 1. How old are you? 2. Can you afford to raise the child 3. Do you have proper healthcare 4. Do you have anyone to help you 5. Do you like kids 6. Why do you want kids",open_qa how to handle loneliness in your life?,,"The first step of handling loneliness, depression is to observe the triggering patterns and understand the causal effect. Once, we identify the time block, try to compartmentalize your feelings and back thoughts. Fill those time blocks or duration of the day with an useful activity such as engaging in a physical activity, picking up sports, cooking or try radically a new activity and immerse yourself. so that the there are no back thoughts in your mind. Plan your weekend and evenings with activities to switch off. Pick up a hobby which you are interested in. Try to go on a date or meetup to whom you can date through various forums outside of your work or a person radically in a different field.",creative_writing What is an RFI (request for information)?,,An RFI (request for information) is a structured acquisition process for gathering information from potential suppliers of a good or service. RFIs are written by customers and their contracts organization and sent to potential suppliers. An RFI is typically the first and broadest series of requests intended to narrow down a list of potential vendors.,open_qa How do cardiac pacemakers work?,"Modern pacemakers usually have multiple functions. The most basic form monitors the heart's native electrical rhythm. When the pacemaker wire or ""lead"" does not detect heart electrical activity in the chamber – atrium or ventricle – within a normal beat-to-beat time period – most commonly one second – it will stimulate either the atrium or the ventricle with a short low voltage pulse. If it does sense electrical activity, it will hold off stimulating. This sensing and stimulating activity continues on a beat by beat basis and is called ""demand pacing"". In the case of a dual-chamber device, when the upper chambers have a spontaneous or stimulated activation, the device starts a countdown to ensure that in an acceptable – and programmable – interval, there is an activation of the ventricle, otherwise again an impulse will be delivered.","Pacemakers or cardiac pacemakers usually refer to artificial cardiac pacemakers, since our body has a natural cardiac pacemaker. The artificial cardiac pacemakers work by detecting electric signals through the conductive leads that are attached to the inside of heart walls, usually in atriums, and, in the absence of an electrical signal, generate one to stimulate the desired heart area, either an atrium or a ventricle.",summarization "Based on the following passage, what are the environmental consequences of fracking?","The potential environmental effects of hydraulic fracturing include air emissions and climate change, high water consumption, groundwater contamination, land use, risk of earthquakes, noise pollution, and various health effects on humans. Air emissions are primarily methane that escapes from wells, along with industrial emissions from equipment used in the extraction process. Modern UK and EU regulation requires zero emissions of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Escape of methane is a bigger problem in older wells than in ones built under more recent EU legislation.","The environmental effects of fracking include air emissions (primarily methane), groundwater contamination, high water consumption, groundwater contamination, land use, noise pollution, risk of earthquakes, and health effects on humans.",summarization "My dog is a 100lb pitbull purebreed. She's always barking at people when we walk her on the street. She's friendly, however, when outside with me or the kids, her bark is loud and deep. How can I get my dog to stop barking at strangers and remove her feeling of ""threat""?",,"Ensure that when you walk her to use a prong collar. Ensure the collar is not loose on her neck, but high up and tight (cannot move easily) under her ear. This will make sure she doesn't take sudden movements and allow her to ensure that you will direct her whether the oncoming distraction is a threat.",creative_writing How to avoid world war?,,"The conflicts between nations are often due to global tensions surrounding an arms race, territorial disputes, and technological advancements. To resolve this, creating a global administration or central government for the planet and assigning AI as the administering authority, while open sourcing all technology, could be a viable solution. By using robots to conduct surveillance for humans, political escalations could be eliminated, and all species on Earth could receive a fair share of resources. This approach could lead to greater peace and stability on a global level.",brainstorming What is the relationship between Link and Zelda?,"Link is a fictional character and the protagonist of Nintendo's video game franchise The Legend of Zelda. He was created by Japanese video game designer Shigeru Miyamoto. Link was introduced as the hero of the original 1986 The Legend of Zelda video game and has appeared in a total of 19 entries in the series, as well as a number of spin-offs. Common elements in the series include Link travelling through Hyrule whilst exploring dungeons, battling creatures and solving puzzles until he eventually defeats the series' primary antagonist, Ganon, and saves Princess Zelda. Throughout The Legend of Zelda series, Link has made multiple appearances in a variety of incarnations. He has been rendered in both 2D and 3D form and has been traditionally depicted in his signature green cap and tunic carrying a sword and shield. Over the course of the series, he appears as a child or young adult of the Hylian race, which originates from the fictional kingdom of Hyrule. Within Zelda lore, Link is the soul of a legendary hero that throughout history is reincarnated within a seemingly ordinary boy or man when the need arises for a new warrior to defeat the forces of evil. To defeat Ganon, Link usually obtains the mystical Master Sword or a similar legendary weapon, which is obtained after completing various trials. Over the course of his journey, he also acquires other magical items, including musical instruments and other weaponry. In addition to the main series, Link has appeared in other Nintendo media, including merchandise, comics and manga, and an animated television series. He is a prominent character in various spin-off games, including Hyrule Warriors, Cadence of Hyrule and Hyrule Warriors: Age of Calamity. He has appeared in entries of several other game franchises, including the Super Smash Bros. series, SoulCalibur II and Mario Kart 8, and has also been referenced in other games, such as The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim. Alongside fellow Nintendo character Mario, Link is one of the most recognisable characters in the video game industry. He has been instrumental in the establishment of the role-playing video game genre as the protagonist of the series, which has influenced numerous other video games with its concepts of open world and nonlinear gameplay. According to Guinness World Records, Link is the most critically acclaimed videogame playable character and the most ubiquitous action-adventure video game character, surpassing Mario. He has been recognised by the Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition as the second best video game character of all time after Mario. Critics have also named him as one of the most influential video game characters of all time and one of Shigeru Miyamoto's most famous creations. Link is a brave, skilled warrior and the hero of The Legend of Zelda series. Over the course of the series, he has appeared in a variety of ages and forms, ranging from child to young adult, and in Twilight Princess, also appears in the form of a wolf. He displays the characteristic traits of the Hylian race, being of human form with elfin features, including pointed ears. Since the original 1986 The Legend of Zelda video game, he has been repeatedly depicted wearing his characteristic green cap and tunic. He has also appeared wearing other outfits, including a blue lobster shirt in The Wind Waker and his blue Champion's Tunic in Breath of the Wild. Link is described in the original game's instruction manual as a ""young lad"" and a traveller and in later games, such as Breath of the Wild, as a knight of Hyrule who is sworn to protect the kingdom and Princess Zelda. During gameplay, he carries a sword and a shield, but has also wielded a variety of other weapons, including bows, spears and axes. Link's signature weapon is the Master Sword, a powerful magic sword that has the ability to repel evil. He is also often depicted holding the Hylian Shield. These two components have become integral aspects of the character's identity. Each game in the series follows a similar story arc in which Link must take a journey that eventually leads him to recover the Master Sword, which makes him stronger in gameplay and enables him to defeat the series' main antagonist, Ganon. Throughout each game, Link is able to obtain various items during his adventures, which the player can then use in gameplay. Many of these objects possess magical properties that bestow specific abilities on Link, such as a magic cape that makes Link invisible when he wears it, or potions that replenish his health. Others have various practical purposes, such as the hookshot, which enables Link to pull items towards him, and bombs for detonation. Link has used various musical instruments on his travels, most notably, the Ocarina of Time, which when played is used for teleportation. In Breath of the Wild, Link's key tool is the Sheikah Slate, a handheld tablet featuring various runes that enable him to manipulate the game world. In Zelda lore, Link is the reincarnated soul of a hero, chosen by the goddess Hylia to protect the kingdom of Hyrule from Ganon and save Princess Zelda whenever the need arises. As the goddess' chosen hero, he is also the bearer of the Triforce of Courage, one of the three components that combine to form the Triforce, a sacred artefact and symbol of power. In several Zelda games, Link's main objective is to recover the fragments of the Triforce in order to defeat Ganon. Link's character is always depicted as a fearless hero and a ""symbol of courage"" who is willing to protect Hyrule for the sake of others. Relationships Link's relationships with the other main characters has been a defining aspect of the series. Within the fictional lore, Ganon, Zelda and Link represent three pieces of the Triforce, with Ganon representing Power, Zelda representing Wisdom and Link representing Courage. This trinity transcends the fictional timeline and dictates that the three characters are destined to be forever reincarnated in an endless battle for good and evil. Link's battle with Ganon established a fictional chronology that spans across the entire series and branches into three separate timelines. The three timelines originate at the end of Ocarina of Time when the timeline splits according to whether Link successfully defeats Ganon (""The Hero is Victorious"") or fails to stop him (the ""Fallen Hero"" timeline). The official fictional chronology was revealed in Hyrule Historia, with Skyward Sword presented as the first game in the timeline. Skyward Sword establishes that the three main characters are destined to be connected in an endless cycle after the antagonist Demise curses Link and Zelda. Link's relationship with Zelda has been a core aspect of the series but has also been the subject of speculation. Throughout the games, the storylines have suggested the possibility of a romantic relationship between the two, but this has remained ambiguous. With each game release, the nature of their relationship has varied and Link has also been presented with other possible love interests. A romantic relationship between Link and Zelda is particularly evident in Skyward Sword and was also emphasised in an official ""romance trailer"" for the game. Aonuma commented on this relationship in an interview with Game Informer: ""As far as the love story goes, it wasn't that we wanted to create a romance between Link and Zelda as much as we wanted the player to feel like this is a person who's very important to me, who I need to find. We used that hint of a romance between the two to tug at the heartstrings"". In Breath of the Wild, the relationship between Link and Zelda is more complex and follows a story arc that begins with resentment and ends in a close bond with each willing to give their life for the other.","Link's relationship with Zelda has been developing as the story flows. In lore, Link, Zelda, and Ganon (the evil) represent three pieces Triforce, corresponding to Courage, Wisdom, and Power, respectively. The three are destined connected in an endless cycle. People speculate that Link and Zelda are in a possible romantic relationship. Although not told by the story, there is evidence in and out of the games that this relationship is true. The game producer, Eiji Aonuma, once said otherwise that it was not their intention to create a romantic relationship between the two, but to the most important person for each other.",summarization How does UIUC relate to PayPal?,"The ""PayPal Mafia"" is a group of former PayPal employees and founders who have since founded and/or developed additional technology companies such as Tesla, Inc., LinkedIn, Palantir Technologies, SpaceX, Affirm, Slide, Kiva, YouTube, Yelp, and Yammer. Most of the members attended Stanford University or University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign at some point in their studies.","Most of the members of the PayPal Mafia the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign (UIUC) at some point, as well as Stanford University.",summarization What is special about the number 1729?,"The number 1729 is known as the Hardy–Ramanujan number after a famous visit by Hardy to see Ramanujan at a hospital. In Hardy's words: I remember once going to see him when he was ill at Putney. I had ridden in taxi cab number 1729 and remarked that the number seemed to me rather a dull one, and that I hoped it was not an unfavorable omen. ""No"", he replied, ""it is a very interesting number; it is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways."" Immediately before this anecdote, Hardy quoted Littlewood as saying, ""Every positive integer was one of [Ramanujan's] personal friends."" The two different ways are: 1729 = 1 3 + 12 3 = 9 3 + 10 3 . {\displaystyle 1729=1^{3}+12^{3}=9^{3}+10^{3}.} Generalisations of this idea have created the notion of ""taxicab numbers"".","1729, known as the Hardy–Ramanujan number, is the smallest integer that can be expressed as the sum of the cubes of two unique pairs of integers.",closed_qa What do you get by substituting the oxygen in the isocyanate group with a sulfur?,"In organic chemistry, isothiocyanate is the functional group −N=C=S, formed by substituting the oxygen in the isocyanate group with a sulfur. Many natural isothiocyanates from plants are produced by enzymatic conversion of metabolites called glucosinolates. These natural isothiocyanates, such as allyl isothiocyanate, are also known as mustard oils. An artificial isothiocyanate, phenyl isothiocyanate, is used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation.","In organic chemistry, isothiocyanate is the functional group −N=C=S, formed by substituting the oxygen in the isocyanate group with a sulfur. Many natural isothiocyanates from plants are produced by enzymatic conversion of metabolites called glucosinolates. These natural isothiocyanates, such as allyl isothiocyanate, are also known as mustard oils. An artificial isothiocyanate, phenyl isothiocyanate, is used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation. Cruciferous vegetables, such as bok choy, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, and others, are rich sources of glucosinolate precursors of isothiocyanates. Although there has been some basic research on how isothiocyanates might exert biological effects in vivo, there is no high-quality evidence to date for its efficacy against human diseases",information_extraction How can I get my dog to stop barking?,,"There are a few ways to reduce the amount your dog. Dogs can bark for few reasons. Perhaps they want your attention, or they might be fearful or anxious and are barking to alert you. Also, barking habits can also be very breed specific. Some breeds are known to be more vocal than other breeds. It's important to try and understand why they are barking to then initiate the proper course of action to address their barking habits. If you believe they are barking for attention, one idea is to make sure you are not rewarding their barking by distracting them with a treat or playtime. By doing this, you are teaching them that if they bark, the dog will get what they want. Instead, you might want to consider a couple items. First, is the dog getting enough exercise or releasing their energy. Increase their stimulation by walking them more, playing with them, or socializing them with other dogs or humans. This added stimulation may reduce their need for attention. If they are barking because they are fearful or anxious, think about what is happening or what the environment is that may be cause their fear or anxiety. Then, try and change the environment or situation so the dog feels safe. One action that may help is providing a safe place for your dog, such as a dog crate or dog bed, so they know exactly what to do when they are afraid or anxious. Training them to go to their safe place may provide the comfort they need to reduce their barking habits.",brainstorming Why we need music?,,"I think the reason why we need music is that it adds color to our lives and provides another way to express emotions. We need alternative ways to express our emotions, whether we're happy or sad. Music is also important for events such as parties, ceremonies, social activities etc...",open_qa What are dogs?,"The dog has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Dog breeds vary widely in shape, size, and color. They perform many roles for humans, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and the military, companionship, therapy, and aiding disabled people. Over the millennia, dogs became uniquely adapted to human behavior, and the human–canine bond has been a topic of frequent study. This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet of ""man's best friend"".","The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it is derived from the extinct Pleistocene wolf, and the modern wolf is the dog's nearest living relative. Dogs were the first species to be domesticated by hunter-gatherers over 15,000 years ago before the development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids.",closed_qa Why should we ban artificial sweeteners like aspartame?,,"Artificial sweeteners like aspartame are incredibly dangerous to our health. There have been countless studies showing the damaging effects it can wreak on a person's health. One of those is your gut health. As we know more and more about gut health, your gut is now being referred to as your ""second brain"". One could argue without a healthy gut, you cannot have good health. We know that artificial sweeteners like aspartame are damaging to our gut and our microbiome.",creative_writing "Classify the following into nouns and verbs : dog, run ,cat, John, eat, swim, Adam, fly",,"Nouns : dog, cat, John, Adam Verbs : run, eat, swim, Fly",classification "Write an intro to a meetup about music, medicine, and machines",,"Music, Medicine, and Machines Join us for an imaginative, authentic, and offbeat networking experience that will advance your knowledge of the technologies that impact the health and well-being of our human condition. To make things interesting (but keep things real), our meetup incorporates an element of music to remind us, first and foremost, we want to advance technology for the greater good, but we don’t want to become robots ourselves. Instead, we believe that “music is medicine for the soul” so our events will use a dose of music to unite us and to keep things fun and grounded in our humanity. We’ll explore hot and emerging technologies such as: Machine Learning and all things AI Computer and Machine Vision Telemedicine Genomics AR/VR/MR Robotics Cloud DevOps, CI/CD, and Robotic Process Automation (RPA) Infrastructure as Code (IaC) Chatbots Wearable Tech 3D Printing Blockchain And many more We’ll talk about how these disruptive technologies improve Health & Life Sciences and discuss the tenuous balance of innovation + opportunities vs privacy, security, open data, regulations, etc. We’ll network and get to know each other to explore how each of us can get involved to ensure “the machines” benefit the communities we serve. We encourage attendees such as developers, clinicians, researchers, industry experts, students, educators, industry analysts, regulators, investors, startups, musicians, and all those willing to contribute meaningfully to our mission.",creative_writing Why were the Beatles so popular?,"The English rock band the Beatles are commonly regarded as the foremost and most influential band in popular music history. With a line-up comprising John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they sparked the ""Beatlemania"" phenomenon in 1963, gained international superstardom in 1964, and remained active until their break-up in 1970. Over the latter half of the decade, they were often viewed as orchestrators of society's developments. Their recognition concerns their effect on the era's youth and counterculture, British identity, popular music's evolution into an art form, and their unprecedented following. Many cultural movements of the 1960s were assisted or inspired by the Beatles. In Britain, their rise to national prominence signalled the youth-driven changes in postwar society, with respect to social mobility, teenagers' commercial influence, and informality. They spearheaded the shift from American artists' global dominance of rock and roll to British acts (known in the US as the British Invasion) and inspired many young people to pursue music careers. From 1964 to 1970, the group had the top-selling US single one out of every six weeks, and the top-selling US album one out of every three weeks. In 1965, they were awarded MBEs, the first time such an honour was bestowed on a British pop act. A year later, Lennon controversially remarked that the band were ""more popular than Jesus now"". The Beatles often incorporated classical elements, traditional pop forms and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways, especially with the albums Rubber Soul (1965), Revolver (1966) and Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967). Many of their advances in production, writing, and artistic presentation were soon widespread. Other cultural changes initiated by the group include the elevation of the album to become the dominant form of record consumption over singles, a wider interest in psychedelic drugs and Eastern spirituality, and several fashion trends. The band also pioneered with their record sleeves and music videos, as well as informed music styles such as jangle, folk rock, power pop, psychedelia, progressive rock and heavy metal. By the end of the decade, the group were seen as an embodiment of the era's sociocultural movements, exemplified by the sentiment of their 1967 song ""All You Need Is Love"". Over the 1960s as a whole, the Beatles were the dominant youth-centred pop act on the sales charts. They broke numerous sales and attendance records, many of which they have or had maintained for decades, and continue to enjoy a canonised status unprecedented for popular musicians. Their songs are among the most recorded in history, with cover versions of ""Yesterday"" exceeding thousands. As of 2009, they were the best-selling band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. Time included them in its list of the twentieth century's 100 most important people.",The Beatles were the foremost rock band in popular music history. They broke numerous sales and many of these have maintained for decades.,information_extraction What's the best for indoor plant?,,"1. Give less water only as much needed, do not over water it 2. Keep it in indirect sunlight at least for 2 hours a day",brainstorming What kind of food comprises Estonian cuisine?,"Traditional Estonian cuisine has substantially been based on meat and potatoes, and on fish in coastal and lakeside areas, but now bears influence from many other cuisines, including a variety of international foods and dishes, with a number of contributions from the traditions of nearby countries. Scandinavian, German, Russian, Latvian, Lithuanian and other influences have played their part. The most typical foods in Estonia have been rye bread, pork, potatoes and dairy products. Estonian eating habits have historically been closely linked to the seasons. In terms of staples, Estonia belongs firmly to the beer, vodka, rye bread and pork ""belt"" of Europe.","Estonian cuisine is generally based on meat, potatoes, fish, and more recently bears. In most typical Estonian foods you'll find rye bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products.",summarization Why should I cheer for the Sacramento Kings in this year's NBA playoffs?,,"Until this season, the Sacramento Kings held the longest playoff drought in all of North American professional sports, lasting 16 years. Despite this, the fanbase for the Kings remained loyal and regularly attended games to watch their team lose year after year. In the midst of this drought, the previous owners of the franchise attempted to move the team to a new city, with significant traction at various points, to both Anaheim and Seattle. It was only the passion of the fans, and the combined support from local businesses and politicians, that prevented the move. In addition to the Kings having one of the most supportive fanbases in the NBA getting their first taste of success, the Kings are also a highly enjoyable team to watch. The players are friendly and likable, and the offense is one of the most successful in NBA history. Lastly, the team also has a fun gimmick of lighting a large purple laser beam that can be seen for miles after every victory, leading to a chorus of 'Light the beam!' from the Kings fanbase in the arena at the conclusion of every win. Pulling all of these factors together make the Sacramento Kings a fun team to cheer for in the upcoming NBA playoffs.",creative_writing "Given a reference text about magnetism, tell me the definition of magnetism and how magnetic materials are classified.","Magnetism is the class of physical attributes that are mediated by a magnetic field, which refers to the capacity to induce attractive and repulsive phenomena in other entities. Electric currents and the magnetic moments of elementary particles giving rise to a magnetic field, which acts on other currents and magnetic moments. Magnetism is one aspect of the combined phenomena of electromagnetism. The most familiar effects occur in ferromagnetic materials, which are strongly attracted by magnetic fields and can be magnetized to become permanent magnets, producing magnetic fields themselves. Demagnetizing a magnet is also possible. Only a few substances are ferromagnetic; the most common ones are iron, cobalt, and nickel and their alloys. The rare-earth metals neodymium and samarium are less common examples. The prefix ferro- refers to iron because permanent magnetism was first observed in lodestone, a form of natural iron ore called magnetite, Fe3O4. All substances exhibit some type of magnetism. Magnetic materials are classified according to their bulk susceptibility. Ferromagnetism is responsible for most of the effects of magnetism encountered in everyday life, but there are actually several types of magnetism. Paramagnetic substances, such as aluminium and oxygen, are weakly attracted to an applied magnetic field; diamagnetic substances, such as copper and carbon, are weakly repelled; while antiferromagnetic materials, such as chromium and spin glasses, have a more complex relationship with a magnetic field. The force of a magnet on paramagnetic, diamagnetic, and antiferromagnetic materials is usually too weak to be felt and can be detected only by laboratory instruments, so in everyday life, these substances are often described as non-magnetic.","Magnetism is defined as the physical attributes that are mediated by a magnetic field, which is the capacity to induce attractive and repulsive forces. Magnetic materials are classified by their bulk susceptibility.",closed_qa Imagine you are a grandparent who wants a grandchild. Write a persuasive argument to your children.,,"As a grandparent, one of my greatest joys has been raising my children. I want you to experience the same in your life. While there is hard work involved, seeing your children grow up is worth it all. I want you to be able to grow old with those memories and be surrounded by family who can spend time with you and help take care of you. I hope you consider having children.",creative_writing What is the best hand in Texas Hold'em poker?,,"The best hand in Texas Hold'em poker is a royal flush. A royal flush is a hand that consists of the following cards all in the same suit: 10, jack, queen, king, ace.",open_qa Which are the top 3 countries I should visit in South East Asia or ASEAN?,,"Each country is beautiful, very different and has its own uniqueness. English is widely spoken in Singapore, the Philippines and Malaysia as such, navigating around these countries with English is easy. Tourism is big in ASEAN or South East Asia; hence, English is still understood in countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, etc, especially in the hospitality sector. Singapore is one of the world's most popular destinations as most airlines would fly into Singapore. It is a modern country with beautiful attractions. If one is into the outdoors, nature and beach holidays, then Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia would be ideal countries to go to for their natural mountains and also islands.",brainstorming Describe a Pink Flyod's concert,,"Attending a Pink Floyd concert is an unforgettable experience. The band's legendary shows were known for their mesmerizing light shows, innovative visuals, and immersive soundscapes that took audiences on a journey through time and space. As the lights dimmed and the iconic Pink Floyd prism logo appeared on the stage, the crowd erupted in cheers and applause. The opening notes of ""Shine On You Crazy Diamond"" filled the arena, and the band appeared on stage, their silhouettes shrouded in smoke and fog. The band members seamlessly transitioned from one song to the next, with each track taking the audience on a journey through Pink Floyd's extensive discography. The pulsating rhythms of ""Another Brick in the Wall"" and ""Money"" had the crowd dancing and singing along, while the haunting melodies of ""Comfortably Numb"" and ""Wish You Were Here"" elicited tears from some. But it wasn't just the music that made the Pink Floyd concert so mesmerizing. The light show and visuals were equally stunning. Giant inflatables of Pink Floyd's iconic characters, including the famous pig from the ""Animals"" album cover, floated above the stage, while lasers and projections created a psychedelic atmosphere that enhanced the music. As the band reached the epic finale of ""Echoes,"" the audience was transported to another world, with the intricate soundscapes and otherworldly visuals creating an otherworldly experience. The band then took their final bow, and the crowd erupted in a standing ovation, still buzzing from the incredible show they had just witnessed. A Pink Floyd concert was more than just a musical performance, it was a theatrical experience that transcended the boundaries of conventional concerts, creating an unforgettable journey through music and visuals that left audiences in awe.",creative_writing write a short poem about gratitude to my sister friends who lead Obon dancing with me every year,,"A small group of women gather with me in the small country church in California to keep Japanese Obon (folk dancing) tradition alive in the community. The festival is open to the public and includes brightly colored kimonos, lanterns and japanese food. We carry the tradition for the next generation - children are dressed in traditional dress. These 8 - 10 sister-women keep the tradition of honoring our ancestors, keeping the family tradition and provide dance leadership to hundreds of people every year at the annual Obon festival. They sacrifice their time to teach and lead these dances every year. They are my sisters",creative_writing "From the text given, extract the iPhone Models and the announcement dates and list them using the bullets in the format {iPhone Models} - {Announcement Date}","Jobs unveiled the first-generation iPhone to the public on January 9, 2007, at the Macworld 2007 convention at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. The iPhone incorporated a 3.5-inch multi-touch display with few hardware buttons, and ran the iPhone OS operating system with a touch-friendly interface, then marketed as a version of Mac OS X. It launched on June 29, 2007, at a starting price of US$499 in the United States, and required a two-year contract with AT&T. Worldwide iPhone availability: iPhone available since its original release iPhone available since the release of iPhone 3G On July 11, 2008, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) 2008, Apple announced the iPhone 3G, and expanded its launch-day availability to twenty-two countries, and it was eventually released in 70 countries and territories. The iPhone 3G introduced faster 3G connectivity, and a lower starting price of US$199 (with a two-year AT&T contract). Its successor, the iPhone 3GS, was announced on June 8, 2009, at WWDC 2009, and introduced video recording functionality. First iPhone on display under glass at the January 2007 Macworld show The iPhone 4 was announced on June 7, 2010, at WWDC 2010, and introduced a redesigned body incorporating a stainless steel frame and a rear glass panel. At release, the iPhone 4 was marketed as the ""world's thinnest smartphone""; it uses the Apple A4 processor, being the first iPhone to use an Apple custom-designed chip. It introduced the Retina display, having four-times the display resolution of preceding iPhones, and was the highest-resolution smartphone screen at release; a front-facing camera was also introduced, enabling video calling functionality via FaceTime. Users of the iPhone 4 reported dropped/disconnected telephone calls when holding their phones in a certain way, and this issue was nicknamed ""antennagate"". In January 2011, as Apple's exclusivity agreement with AT&T was expiring, Verizon announced that they would be carrying the iPhone 4, with a model compatible with Verizon's CDMA network releasing on February 10. The iPhone 4S was announced on October 4, 2011, and introduced the Siri virtual assistant, a dual-core A5 processor, and an 8 megapixel camera with 1080p video recording functionality. The iPhone 5 was announced on September 12, 2012, and introduced a larger 4-inch screen, up from the 3.5-inch screen of all previous iPhone models, as well as faster 4G LTE connectivity. It also introduced a thinner and lighter body made of aluminum alloy, and the 30-pin dock connector of previous iPhones was replaced with the new, reversible Lightning connector. Bottom angle comparison between iPhone 5C (top), iPhone 5s (middle), and iPhone 4S (bottom). The iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C were announced on September 10, 2013. The iPhone 5S included a 64-bit A7 processor, becoming the first ever 64-bit smartphone; it also introduced the Touch ID fingerprint authentication sensor. The iPhone 5C was a lower-cost device that incorporated hardware from the iPhone 5, into a series of colorful plastic frames. On September 9, 2014, Apple introduced the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, and included significantly larger screens than the iPhone 5S, at 4.7-inch and 5.5-inch respectively; both models also introduced mobile payment technology via Apple Pay. Optical image stabilization was introduced to the 6 Plus' camera. The Apple Watch was also introduced on the same day, and is a smartwatch that operates in conjunction with a connected iPhone. Some users experienced bending issues from normal use with the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus, particularly on the latter model, and this issue was nicknamed ""bendgate"". The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were introduced on September 9, 2015, and included a more bend-resistant frame made of a stronger aluminum alloy, as well as a higher resolution 12-megapixel main camera capable of 4K video recording. The first-generation iPhone SE was introduced on March 21, 2016, and was a low-cost device that incorporated newer hardware from the iPhone 6S, in the frame of the older iPhone 5S. The iPhone 7 and 7 Plus were announced on September 7, 2016, which introduced larger camera sensors, IP67-certified water and dust resistance, and a quad-core A10 Fusion processor utilizing big.LITTLE technology; the 3.5mm headphone jack was removed, and was followed by the introduction of the AirPods wireless earbuds. Optical image stabilization was added to the 7's camera. A second telephoto camera lens was added on the 7 Plus, enabling two-times optical zoom, and ""Portrait"" photography mode which simulates bokeh in photos. The iPhone 8, 8 Plus, and iPhone X were announced on September 12, 2017, in Apple's first event held at the Steve Jobs Theater in Apple Park. All models featured rear glass panel designs akin to the iPhone 4, wireless charging, and a hexa-core A11 Bionic chip with ""Neural Engine"" AI accelerator hardware. The iPhone X additionally introduced a 5.8-inch OLED ""Super Retina"" display with a ""bezel-less"" design, with a higher pixel density and contrast ratio than previous iPhones with LCD displays, and introduced a stronger frame made of stainless steel. It also introduced Face ID facial recognition authentication hardware, in a ""notch"" screen cutout, in place of Touch ID; the home button was removed to make room for additional screen space, replacing it with a gesture-based navigation system. At its US$999 starting price, the iPhone X was the most expensive iPhone at launch. Picture of the cameras on the iPhone 13 Pro. Newer iPhone models have been praised for their camera quality. The iPhone XR, iPhone XS, and XS Max were announced on September 12, 2018. All models featured the ""Smart HDR"" computational photography system, and a significantly more powerful ""Neural Engine"". The XS Max introduced a larger 6.5-inch screen. The iPhone XR included a 6.1-inch LCD ""Liquid Retina"" display, with a ""bezel-less"" design similar to the iPhone X, but does not include a second telephoto lens; it was made available in a series of vibrant colors, akin to the iPhone 5C, and was a lower-cost device compared to the iPhone X and XS. The iPhone 11, 11 Pro, and 11 Pro Max were announced on September 10, 2019. The iPhone 11 was the successor to the iPhone XR, while the iPhone 11 Pro and 11 Pro Max succeeded the iPhone XS and XS Max. All models gained an ultra-wide lens, enabling two-times optical zoom out, as well as larger batteries for longer battery life. The second-generation iPhone SE was introduced on April 17, 2020, and was a low-cost device that incorporated newer hardware from the iPhone 11, in the frame of the older iPhone 8, while retaining the home button and the Touch ID sensor. The iPhone 12, 12 Mini, 12 Pro, and 12 Pro Max were announced via a livestream event on October 13, 2020. All models featured OLED ""Super Retina XDR"" displays, introduced faster 5G connectivity, and the MagSafe magnetic charging and accessory system; a slimmer flat-edged design was also introduced, which combined with stronger glass-ceramic front glass, added better drop protection compared to previous iPhones. The iPhone 12 Mini introduced a smaller 5.4-inch screen, while the 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max had larger screens of 6.1-inch and 6.7-inch respectively. The iPhone 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max additionally added a Lidar sensor for better accuracy in augumented reality (AR) applications. The iPhone 13, 13 Mini, 13 Pro, and 13 Pro Max were announced via a livestream event on September 14, 2021. All models featured larger camera sensors, larger batteries for longer battery life, and a narrower ""notch"" screen cutout. The iPhone 13 Pro and 13 Pro Max additionally introduced smoother adaptive 120 Hz refresh rate ""ProMotion"" technology in its OLED display, and three-times optical zoom in the telephoto lens. The low-cost third-generation iPhone SE was introduced on March 8, 2022, and incorporated the A15 Bionic chip from the iPhone 13, but otherwise retained similar hardware to the second-generation iPhone SE. The iPhone 14, 14 Plus, 14 Pro, and 14 Pro Max were announced on September 7, 2022. All models introduced satellite phone emergency calling functionality. The iPhone 14 Plus introduced the large 6.7-inch screen size, first seen on the iPhone 12 Pro Max, into a lower-cost device. The iPhone 14 Pro and 14 Pro Max additionally introduced a higher-resolution 48-megapixel main camera, the first increase in megapixel count since the iPhone 6S; it also introduced always-on display technology to the lock screen, and an interactive status bar interface integrated in a redesigned screen cutout, entitled ""Dynamic Island"".","Here is a bullet list of iPhone Models and the corresponding announcement dates in the format {iPhone Models} - {Announcement Date}: {first generation iPhone} - {January 9, 2007} {iPhone 3G} - {July 11, 2008} {iPhone 3GS} - {June 8, 2009} {iPhone 4} - {June 7, 2010} {iPhone 4s} - {October 4, 2011} {iPhone 5} - {September 12, 2012} {iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C} - {September 10, 2013} {iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus} - {September 9, 2014} {iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus} - {September 9, 2015} {first generation iPhone SE} - {March 21, 2016} {iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus} - {September 7, 2016} {iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus and iPhone X} - {September 12, 2017} {iPhone XR, iPhone XS, and iPhone XS Max} - {September 12, 2018} {iPhone 11, iPhone 11 Pro and iPhone 11 Pro Max} - {September 10, 2019} {second generation iPhone SE} - {April 17, 2020} {iPhone 12, iPhone 12 Mini, iPhone 12 Pro, and iPhone 12 Pro Max} - {October 13, 2020} {iPhone 13, iPhone 13 Mini, iPhone 13 Pro and iPhone 13 Pro Max} - {September 14, 2021} {third generation iPhone SE} - {March 8, 2022} {iPhone 14, iPhone 14 Plus, iPhone 14 Pro and iPhone 14 Pro Max} - {September 7, 2022}",information_extraction How Should I train my dog?,,"10 years ago the very common approach to dog training was the ""Alpha"" approach, also known as dominance training. This approach focuses on building a pack structure in the home where the humans are seen as higher in the pecking order than the dogs in the home. Examples include leading at all times (ie through doorways and walks), and only allowing your dog to eat after you’ve finished dinner and using training aids like a shock/vibration collar to enforce behaviors. In recent years, many experts have recommended a positive reinforcement based training approach. Although there are a lot of nuances, at its core this method uses rewards to guide your dog towards desired behaviors. Positive reinforcement training typically means using a signal (like a word or a noise) combined with training treats, loved toys or verbal praise to reinforce good behaviors or actions. Other benefits include strengthening the relationship between owner and dog and building a happy training environment.",brainstorming "What does it mean if a dinner ""smacks""?",,"Food ""smacks"" when it is really good and tasty. It's possibly a reference to ""lip-smacking"" when food is especially good. When you love what you're eating, you can say ""this food smacks"".",open_qa What are some ways I could cheer up my friend that just got dumped?,,"Im sorry your friend recently got dumped. I would ask them if they want to talk about it, or be distracted from it. If they want to talk about it, I would find a quiet place and a warm beverage and listen. If they want to be distracted from it, I would find a local favorite bar or activity that your friend enjoys, and take them there. Call as many of your joint friends as possible, and provide ample supply of distractions for your friend.",brainstorming "Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Jeep, Alpina",,"Alpina is German, Jeep is American",classification "If we wanted to play sports that involve a ball, which of these would we play: soccer, football, swimming, snowboard, skiing, baseball.",,"Soccer, football and baseball are sports that require a ball whereas swimming, snowboarding and skiing do not.",classification Give an introduction of Fairfax county in Virginia.,"Fairfax County, officially the County of Fairfax, is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is part of Northern Virginia and borders both the city of Alexandria and Arlington County and forms part of the suburban ring of Washington, D.C. The county is predominantly suburban in character with some urban and rural pockets. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,150,309, making it Virginia's most populous jurisdiction, with around 13% of the Commonwealth's population. The county is also the most populous jurisdiction in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, with around 20% of the MSA population, as well as the larger Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area, with around 13% of the CSA population. The county seat is Fairfax, although because it is an independent city under Virginia law, the city of Fairfax is not part of Fairfax County. Fairfax was the first U.S. county to reach a six-figure median household income and has the third-highest median household income of any county-level local jurisdiction in the U.S. Fairfax County, as part of the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, is usually included atop or near the top of lists of the wealthiest areas in the United States. The county is home to the headquarters of several intelligence agencies such as the Central Intelligence Agency, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, National Reconnaissance Office, National Counterterrorism Center, and Office of the Director of National Intelligence as well as the headquarters of several aerospace manufacturing and defense industry giants. The county is also home to the flagship campus of George Mason University, and headquarters to seven Fortune 500 companies, including three in the Falls Church area, though not in the independent municipality of Falls Church.","Fairfax county locates in northern Virginia, it is bounded on the north and southeast by the Potomac River. The county has a populate of 1,164,025 in 2022, with a growth of 13,716 from 2020. It is also the most populous jurisdiction in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area Fairfax has a thriving economy, attractive to business and is headquarters to several Fortune 500 companies. Fairfax has excellent schools, it's public school system is top-ranked in the nation, and is home to George Mason University. Fairfax County is also home to many historic sites and cultural attractions; like Mount Vernon, Wolf Trap national park.",information_extraction What is the great depression?,,"The great depression was 10 years long from 1929 to 1939. It was a great economic shock that impact countries all over the world. A major plunge in the stock market and stock market prices is what caused the start of the Great Depression. The Great Depression also led to political instability all over the world, and gave rise to dictatorial regimes like Hitler's rise to fame in Germany.",open_qa Add additional details about what chess is,Isidore Censer was a Belgian chess player.,"Isidore Censer was a Belgian chess player. Chess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of chess pieces in their color, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king.",information_extraction What is an octave?,,"In music theory, the octave is a musical interval consisting of seven notes, for example, from one C to another C. Two notes that form an octave sound very similar and differ in pitch or frequency. The frequency of the higher note is twice that of the lower note.",open_qa What is Clemson University?,"Clemson University (/ˈklɛmp.sən, ˈklɛm.zən/[note a]) is a public land-grant research university in Clemson, South Carolina. Founded in 1889, Clemson is the second-largest university by enrollment in South Carolina. For the fall 2019 semester, the university enrolled a total of 20,195 undergraduate students and 5,627 graduate students, and the student/faculty ratio was 18:1. Clemson's 1,400-acre campus is in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The campus now borders Lake Hartwell, which was formed by the dam completed in 1962. The university manages the nearby 17,500-acre Clemson Experimental Forest that is used for research, education, and recreation. Clemson University consists of seven colleges: Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences; Architecture, Arts and Humanities; The Wilbur O. and Ann Powers College of Business; Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences; Education; Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences; and Science. U.S. News & World Report ranks Clemson University 77th for 2022 among national U.S. universities. Clemson University is classified among ""R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity.""","Clemson University is a School based in the Upstate of South Carolina in a town called Clemson. They are known for their Football team and bright orange paw. Clemson is consistently a top 10 football team. Their biggest in-state rival is the University of South Carolina Gamecocks. Clemson has 7 different colleges ranging from Engineering, Business, Agriculture, and Health Sciences.",closed_qa "You are a young citizen of a developing country. Write a letter in less than 150 words to a newspaper, highlighting your concern over incorrect disposal of biomedical waste and to spread awareness of the same.",,"The Covid19 pandemic has changed the lives of all human beings, and has driven massive consumption of personal protective equipment worldwide. People have adapted to wearing face masks as a 'new normal'. At the same time, the disposal of biomedical waste is a major concern, especially in developing countries with limited resources. Biomedical waste includes used Rapid Antigen Tests, PCR Tests, used injections, and used masks. We have observed that people who use the test kits and masks at home, often fail to dispose them off properly. This is counter productive, as it poses the risk of aiding the virus' transmission, and can potentially be life threatening to others. Hospitals, too, produce a huge amount of waste and it is imperative they dispose it off properly following all norms. If not scientifically handled and disposed, it could cause serious risk not just to human health, but also pose a serious threat to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Thank you for highlighting my concerns to your readership, and I request you to keep highlighting these concerns to your audience regularly via your articles.",creative_writing What percussion instruments are easy to learn?,,"Hand drums, tambourine and triangle are easy to learn percussion instruments.",brainstorming "Given this article about the NSA's ANT Catalog, which hacking tools can be used to monitor a target's key strokes?","The ANT catalog (or TAO catalog) is a classified product catalog by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) of which the version written in 2008–2009 was published by German news magazine Der Spiegel in December 2013. Forty-nine catalog pages with pictures, diagrams and descriptions of espionage devices and spying software were published. The items are available to the Tailored Access Operations unit and are mostly targeted at products from US companies such as Apple, Cisco and Dell. The source is believed to be someone different than Edward Snowden, who is largely responsible for the global surveillance disclosures since 2013. Companies whose products could be compromised have denied any collaboration with the NSA in developing these capabilities. In 2014, a project was started to implement the capabilities from the ANT catalog as open-source hardware and software. Background The Tailored Access Operations unit has existed since the late 90s. Its mission is to collect intelligence on foreign targets of the United States by hacking into computers and telecommunication networks. In 2012, Edward Snowden organized a CryptoParty together with Runa Sandvik, a former colleague of Jacob Appelbaum at The Tor Project. In June 2013, Snowden took internal NSA documents which he shared with Glenn Greenwald and Laura Poitras, resulting in the global surveillance disclosures. It has been speculated for years before that capabilities like those in the ANT catalog existed. Publication Jacob Appelbaum co-authored the English publication in Der Spiegel with Christian Stöcker and Judith Horchert, which was publicized on 29 December 2013. The related English publication on the same day about the TAO by Der Spiegel was also authored by the same people, and including Laura Poitras, Marcel Rosenbach, Jörg Schindler and Holger Stark. On December 30, Appelbaum gave a lecture about ""the militarization of the Internet"" at the 30th Chaos Communication Congress in Hamburg, Germany. At the end of his talk, he encouraged NSA employees to leak more documents. Apple denied the allegations that it collaborated on the development of DROPOUTJEEP in a statement to journalist Arik Hesseldahl from All Things Digital (part of the Wall Street Journal's Digital Network). The Verge questioned how the program developed in later years, since the document was composed in the early period of the iPhone and smartphones in general. Dell denied collaborating with any government in general, including the US government. John Stewart, senior vice president and chief security officer of Cisco stated that they were ""deeply concerned and will continue to pursue all avenues to determine if we need to address any new issues."" Juniper stated that they were working actively to address any possible exploit paths. Huawei stated they would take appropriate audits to determine if any compromise had taken place and would communicate if that had taken place. NSA declined to comment on the publication by Der Spiegel. Source The source who leaked the ANT catalog to the press is unknown as of 2023. Author James Bamford, who is specialized in the United States intelligence agencies, noted in a commentary article published by Reuters that Appelbaum has not identified the source who leaked the ANT catalog to him, which led people to mistakenly assume it was Edward Snowden. Bamford got unrestricted access to the documents cache from Edward Snowden and could not find any references to the ANT catalog using automated search tools, thereby concluding that the documents were not leaked by him. Security expert Bruce Schneier has stated on his blog that he also believes the ANT catalog did not come from Snowden, but from a second leaker. Officials at the NSA did not believe that the web crawler used by Snowden touched the ANT catalog and started looking for other people who could have leaked the catalog. Content The published catalog pages were written between 2008 and 2009. The price of the items ranged from free up to $250,000. Capabilities in the ANT catalog Page Code name Description Unit price in US$ NSA CANDYGRAM.jpg CANDYGRAM Tripwire device that emulates a GSM cellphone tower. 40,000 NSA COTTONMOUTH-I.jpg COTTONMOUTH-I Family of modified USB and Ethernet connectors that can be used to install Trojan horse software and work as wireless bridges, providing covert remote access to the target machine. COTTONMOUTH-I is a USB plug that uses TRINITY as digital core and HOWLERMONKEY as RF transceiver. 20,300 NSA COTTONMOUTH-II.jpg COTTONMOUTH-II Can be deployed in a USB socket (rather than plug), and, but requires further integration in the target machine to turn into a deployed system. 4,000 NSA COTTONMOUTH-III.jpg COTTONMOUTH-III Stacked Ethernet and USB plug 24,960 NSA CROSSBEAM.jpg CROSSBEAM GSM communications module capable of collecting and compressing voice data 4,000 NSA CTX4000.jpg CTX4000 Continuous wave radar device that can ""illuminate"" a target system for recovery of ""off net"" information. N/A NSA CYCLONE Hx9.jpg CYCLONE-HX9 GSM Base Station Router as a Network-In-a-Box 70,000 NSA DEITYBOUNCE.jpg DEITYBOUNCE Technology that installs a backdoor software implant on Dell PowerEdge servers via the motherboard BIOS and RAID controller(s). 0 NSA DROPOUTJEEP.jpg DROPOUTJEEP ""A software implant for the Apple iPhone that utilizes modular mission applications to provide specific SIGINT functionality. This functionality includes the ability to remotely push/pull files from the device. SMS retrieval, contact list retrieval, voicemail, geolocation, hot mic, camera capture, cell tower location, etc. Command, control and data exfiltration can occur over SMS messaging or a GPRS data connection. All communications with the implant will be covert and encrypted."" 0 NSA EBSR.jpg EBSR Tri-band active GSM base station with internal 802.11/GPS/handset capability 40,000 NSA ENTOURAGE.jpg ENTOURAGE Direction finding application for GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000 and FRS signals 70,000 NSA FEEDTROUGH.jpg FEEDTROUGH Software that can penetrate Juniper Networks firewalls allowing other NSA-deployed software to be installed on mainframe computers. N/A NSA FIREWALK.jpg FIREWALK Device that looks identical to a standard RJ45 socket that allows data to be injected, or monitored and transmitted via radio technology. using the HOWLERMONKEY RF transceiver. It can for instance create a VPN to the target computer. 10,740 NSA GENESIS.jpg GENESIS GSM handset with added software-defined radio features to record the radio frequency spectrum 15,000 NSA GODSURGE.jpg GODSURGE Software implant for a JTAG bus device named FLUXBABBITT which is added to Dell PowerEdge servers during interdiction. GODSURGE installs an implant upon system boot-up using the FLUXBABBITT JTAG interface to the Xeon series CPU. 500 NSA GINSU.jpg GINSU Technology that uses a PCI bus device in a computer, and can reinstall itself upon system boot-up. 0 NSA GOPHERSET.jpg GOPHERSET GSM software that uses a phone's SIM card's API (SIM Toolkit or STK) to control the phone through remotely sent commands. 0 NSA GOURMETTROUGH.jpg GOURMETTROUGH User-configurable persistence implant for certain Juniper Networks firewalls. 0 NSA HALLUXWATER.jpg HALLUXWATER Back door exploit for Huawei Eudemon firewalls. N/A NSA HEADWATER.jpg HEADWATER Persistent backdoor technology that can install spyware using a quantum insert capable of infecting spyware at a packet level on Huawei routers. N/A NSA HOWLERMONKEY.jpg HOWLERMONKEY A RF transceiver that makes it possible (in conjunction with digital processors and various implanting methods) to extract data from systems or allow them to be controlled remotely. 750 NSA IRATEMONK.jpg IRATEMONK Technology that can infiltrate the firmware of hard drives manufactured by Maxtor, Samsung, Seagate, and Western Digital. 0 NSA IRONCHEF.jpg IRONCHEF Technology that can ""infect"" networks by installing itself in a computer I/O BIOS. IRONCHEF includes also ""Straitbizarre"" and ""Unitedrake"" which have been linked to the spy software REGIN. 0 NSA JUNIORMINT.jpg JUNIORMINT Implant based on an ARM9 core and an FPGA. N/A NSA JETPLOW.jpg JETPLOW Firmware that can be implanted to create a permanent backdoor in a Cisco PIX series and ASA firewalls. 0 NSA LOUDAUTO.jpg LOUDAUTO Audio-based RF retro-reflector listening device. 30 NSA MAESTRO-II.jpg MAESTRO-II Multi-chip module approximately the size of a dime that serves as the hardware core of several other products. The module contains a 66 MHz ARM7 processor, 4 MB of flash, 8 MB of RAM, and a FPGA with 500,000 gates. It replaces the previous generation modules which were based on the HC12 microcontroller. 3,000 NSA MONKEYCALENDAR.jpg MONKEYCALENDAR Software that transmits a mobile phone's location by hidden text message. 0 NSA NEBULA.jpg NEBULA Multi-protocol network-in-a-box system. 250,000 NSA NIGHTSTAND.jpg NIGHTSTAND Portable system that installs Microsoft Windows exploits from a distance of up to eight miles over a wireless connection. N/A NSA NIGHTWATCH.jpg NIGHTWATCH Portable computer used to reconstruct and display video data from VAGRANT signals; used in conjunction with a radar source like the CTX4000 to illuminate the target in order to receive data from it. N/A NSA PICASSO.jpg PICASSO Software that can collect mobile phone location data, call metadata, access the phone's microphone to eavesdrop on nearby conversations. 2,000 NSA PHOTOANGLO.jpg PHOTOANGLO A joint NSA/GCHQ project to develop a radar system to replace CTX4000. 40,000 NSA RAGEMASTER.jpg RAGEMASTER A concealed device that taps the video signal from a target's computer's VGA signal output so the NSA can see what is on a targeted desktop monitor. It is powered by a remote radar and responds by modulating the VGA red signal (which is also sent out most DVI ports) into the RF signal it re-radiates; this method of transmission is codenamed VAGRANT. RAGEMASTER is usually installed/concealed in the ferrite choke of the target cable. The original documents are dated 2008-07-24. Several receiver/demodulating devices are available, e.g. NIGHTWATCH. 30 NSA SCHOOLMONTANA.jpg SCHOOLMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based (FreeBSD-variant) J-series routers/firewalls. N/A NSA SIERRAMONTANA.jpg SIERRAMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based M-series routers/firewalls. N/A NSA STUCCOMONTANA.jpg STUCCOMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based T-series routers/firewalls. N/A NSA SOMBERKNAVE.jpg SOMBERKNAVE Software that can be implanted on a Windows XP system allowing it to be remotely controlled from NSA headquarters. 50,000 NSA SOUFFLETROUGH.jpg SOUFFLETROUGH BIOS injection software that can compromise Juniper Networks SSG300 and SSG500 series firewalls. 0 NSA SPARROW II.jpg SPARROW II A small computer intended to be used for WLAN collection, including from UAVs. Hardware: IBM Power PC 405GPR processor, 64 MB SDRAM, 16 MB of built-inflash, 4 mini PCI slots, CompactFlash slot, and 802.11 B/G hardware. Running Linux 2.4 and the BLINDDATE software suite. Unit price (2008): $6K. 6,000 NSA SURLYSPAWN.jpg SURLYSPAWN Keystroke monitor technology that can be used on remote computers that are not internet connected. 30 NSA SWAP.jpg SWAP Technology that can reflash the BIOS of multiprocessor systems that run FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, or Windows. 0 NSA TAWDRYYARD.jpg TAWDRYYARD Radio frequency retroreflector to provide location information. 30 NSA TOTECHASER.jpg TOTECHASER Windows CE implant for extracting call logs, contact lists and other information. N/A NSA TOTEGHOSTLY.jpg TOTEGHOSTLY Software that can be implanted on a Windows mobile phone allowing full remote control. 0 NSA TRINITY.jpg TRINITY Multi-chip module using a 180 MHz ARM9 processor, 4 MB of flash, 96 MB of SDRAM, and a FPGA with 1 million gates. Smaller than a penny. 6,250 NSA TYPHON HX.jpg TYPHON HX Network-in-a-box for a GSM network with signaling and call control. N/A NSA WATERWITCH.jpg WATERWITCH A portable ""finishing tool"" that allows the operator to find the precise location of a nearby mobile phone. N/A NSA WISTFULTOLL.jpg WISTFULTOLL Plugin for collecting information from targets using Windows Management Instrumentation 0 Follow-up developments Security expert Matt Suiche noted that the software exploits leaked by the Shadow Brokers could be seen as genuine because it matched with names from the ANT catalog. John Bumgarner has stated to IEEE Spectrum that US government suspicion of Huawei is based on its own ability to add backdoors as shown in the ANT catalog. NSA Playset The NSA Playset is an open-source project inspired by the NSA ANT catalog to create more accessible and easy to use tools for security researchers. Most of the surveillance tools can be recreated with off-the-shelf or open-source hardware and software. Thus far, the NSA Playset consists of fourteen items, for which the code and instructions can be found online on the project's homepage. After the initial leak, Michael Ossman, the founder of Great Scott Gadgets, gave a shout out to other security researchers to start working on the tools mentioned in the catalog and to recreate them. The name NSA Playset came originally from Dean Pierce, who is also a contributor (TWILIGHTVEGETABLE(GSM)) to the NSA Playset. Anyone is invited to join and contribute their own device. The requisites for an addition to the NSA Playset is a similar or already existing NSA ANT project, ease of use and a silly name (based on the original tool's name if possible). The silly name requisite is a rule that Michael Ossman himself came up with and an example is given on the project's website: ""For example, if your project is similar to FOXACID, maybe you could call it COYOTEMETH."" The ease of use part stems also from the NSA Playset's motto: ""If a 10 year old can't do it, it doesn't count!"" Name Description TWILIGHTVEGETABLE a boot image for GSM communication monitoring. LEVITICUS a hand held GSM frequency analyzer disguised as a Motorola phone; named after GENESIS. DRIZZLECHAIR a hard drive with all the needed tools to crack A5/1 including the rainbow tables. PORCUPINEMASQUERADE a passive Wi-Fi reconnaissance drone. KEYSWEEPER a keylogger in form of a USB wall charger, that wirelessly and passively sniffs, decrypts, logs and reports back (over GSM). SLOTSCREAMER a PCI hardware implant, which can access memory and IO. ADAPTERNOODLE a USB exploitation device. CHUKWAGON uses a pin on a computer's VGA port to attack via the I²C bus accessing the computer's operating system. TURNIPSCHOOL a hardware implant concealed in a USB cable which provides short range radio frequency communication capability to software running on the host computer. BLINKERCOUGH a hardware implant that is embedded in a VGA cable which allows data exfiltration. SAVIORBURST a hardware implant exploiting the JTAG interface for software application persistence; named after GODSURGE. FLUXBABBIT is replaced by SOLDERPEEK. CACTUSTUTU Portable system that enables wireless installation of Microsoft Windows exploits; covers NIGHTSTAND. TINYALAMO software that targets BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) and allows keystroke surveillance (keylogger) and injection. CONGAFLOCK Radio frequency retroreflector intended for experimentation. Intended use would be the implantation into a cable and data exfiltration based on radio reflectivity of the device.(FLAMENCOFLOCK (PS/2), TANGOFLOCK (USB), SALSAFLOCK (VGA) are retroreflectors with specific interfaces to test data exfiltration.) See also Cyberwarfare in the United States Equation Group MiniPanzer and MegaPanzer Stuxnet WARRIOR PRIDE Explanatory notes Whether ANT stands for Advanced Network Technology or Access Network Technology is not known. The article from Der Spiegel notes that it is a ""50-page document"" and that ""nearly 50 pages"" are published. The gallery contains 49 pages. Der Spiegel also noted that the document is likely far from complete. If the price is listed in bulk, a calculation is made to get the unit price For two months Including installation costs When ordering 25 units, the price per item is US$1000 Up to 4,000 Varies from platform to platform Data Network Technologies, a division of the Tailored Access Operations 100 units for 625,000","SURLYSPAWN, KEYSWEEPER, and TINYALAMO are monitoring technologies that can be used to monitor target's key strokes. SURLYSPAWN is a keystroke monitor technology that can be used on remote computers that are not internet connected. KEYSWEEPER is a keylogger in form of a USB wall charger, that wirelessly and passively sniffs, decrypts, logs and reports back (over GSM). TINYALAMO is software that targets BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) and allows keystroke surveillance (keylogger) and injection.",closed_qa "Describe how social media can help companies make better business decisions. What social media data can be collected to aid in business decisions? List four pieces of social media data (e.g., Twitter mentions and the number of retweets would be counted as two pieces).",,"With 60% of the world’s population on social media, it presents an excellent opportunity for brands to reach and influence their consumers. The brands are already exploiting and interacting with consumers by leveraging social media as a channel.   Social media is a treasure trove of information for brands. Brands can leverage social media to collect the data below to help them improve their business and overall operations. Customer feedback and complaints Brands can monitor social media to connect with customers and watch customer feedback and complaints. See the below example of how Target engages with its customer via Twitter. Find influential users to promote the brand Brands can find influential users in a specific segment, understand the industry pulse, and partner with significant users to promote their brand—an example of influential Instagram users per industry segment. Consumer trends The information on social media is diverse and includes most of the markets and audience segments. This presents an excellent opportunity for the brands to mine the data and detect and predict consumer trends for product development. Gauge sentiment around the brand Brands can leverage the product/brand mentions in social media via the social media API and sentiment analysis services like Google NLP to detect sentiment for PR activities.",creative_writing "Will, a 45-yr-old former collegiate swimmer turned lifelong triathlete, requests assistance with run training. His only significant medical history is a series of overuse injuries to his shoulders and Achilles tendon. In recent weeks, he notes his workouts are unusually difficult and reports feeling constriction in his chest with exertion – something he attributes to deficiencies in core strength. Upon further questioning, he explains that the chest constriction is improved with rest and that he often feels dizzy during recovery. What do you think is the underlying problem that could be causing Will’s symptoms during/after exercise?",,"Will probably has some form of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As he was a collegiate athlete and now triathlete, he has undergone many years of intense exercise training, which could induce pathological cardiac remodeling, ultimately leading to myocardial fibrosis. This form of CVD can be common among trained athletes, particularly endurance athletes such as Will (swimming, triathlon).",brainstorming how is yogurt made?,,"Yogurt is made from heating milk, and before milk can be made into yogurt the whey has to be removed from it. You add a certain bacteria to it, and then it starts to coagulate into yogurt. The bacteria that are added to the milk to turn it to yogurt at Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. After the yogurt is made sugar may be added to make it a specific flavor like chocolate or vanilla.",open_qa what book would you recommend for pregnant women?,,"Pregnant women have a lot on their plate, including their own physical and mental health and preparation for childbirth and newborn care. What to expect when you are expecting written by Heidi Murkoff is a popular book that provides a 360 degree view of pregnancy details like week-by-week fetal development and nutrient recommendations for each month. Expecting better by Emily Oster is another popular, more data-oriented and anecdotal, aiming to debunk common misguided rules and myths about pregnancy. Heng Ou's Nine Golden Months focuses more on mental power and nutrient suggestions for expecting moms. It also provides incredible recipes that turn easy-to-access grocery store staples to tasty and nutrient dishes.",open_qa Why do eucalyptus trees have such an excellent aroma? Is there any other uses for Eucalyptus?,"Some Eucalyptus species have attracted attention from horticulturists, global development researchers, and environmentalists because of desirable traits such as being fast-growing sources of wood, producing oil that can be used for cleaning and as a natural insecticide, or an ability to be used to drain swamps and thereby reduce the risk of malaria. Eucalyptus oil finds many uses like in fuels, fragrances, insect repellence and antimicrobial activity. Eucalyptus trees show allelopathic effects; they release compounds which inhibit other plant species from growing nearby. Outside their natural ranges, eucalypts are both lauded for their beneficial economic impact on poor populations: 22  and criticised for being ""water-guzzling"" aliens, leading to controversy over their total impact.",The oil from Eucalyptus trees provides several benefits with the most prevalent being the pleasant aroma. As a tree that grows fast and has been used strategically to reduce the risk of malaria by draining swamps a little Eucalyptus goes a long way. The oil produced by these trees are also useful in an antimicrobial activity and in some cases has been known to make the trees more flammable. Outside of their native Australia they have been viewed as an invasive species.,closed_qa Why is India Pale Ale (IPA) the best type of beer?,,"India Pale Ales (IPAs) are an ideal type of beer for both producers and drinkers for a variety of reasons. Producers like IPAs because they are cheap and fast to produce compared to other types of beers. In contrast to a lager, an IPA can be brewed and ready for market in less than half the time. Drinkers like IPAs for their complex flavors which can vary depending on style from East Coast or West Cost, dry hopped or hazy. Additionally, IPA often have a higher alcohol content than many other similar beers - which lends to a higher ""band for buck"" value.",creative_writing What is the Nintendo Switch?,"The Nintendo Switch is a hybrid video game console developed by Nintendo and released worldwide in most regions on March 3, 2017. The console itself is a tablet that can either be docked for use as a home console or used as a portable device, making it a hybrid console. Its wireless Joy-Con controllers, with standard buttons and directional analog sticks for user input, motion sensing, and tactile feedback, can attach to both sides of the console to support handheld-style play. They can also connect to a grip accessory to provide a traditional home console gamepad form, or be used individually in the hand like the Wii Remote and Nunchuk, supporting local multiplayer modes. The Nintendo Switch's software supports online gaming through Internet connectivity, as well as local wireless ad hoc connectivity with other consoles. Nintendo Switch games and software are available on both physical flash-based ROM cartridges and digital distribution via Nintendo eShop; the system has no region lockout. A handheld-focused revision of the system, called the Nintendo Switch Lite, was released on September 20, 2019. A revised higher-end version of the original system, featuring an OLED screen, was released on October 8, 2021.","The Nintendo Switch is a handheld video game console that Nintendo created in 2017. It can run in both handheld mode and you can also dock it to a TV for use. There's a bunch of controllers that you can choose from including two that are attached to the Switch. The games mostly include family-friendly multiplayer games that you can play couch co-op. However, the Switch does also connect to the internet but the online gaming is pretty bad. Games can be bought online or physical copies.",summarization What is the first evidence of a boomerang?,,"Earliest evidence of the boomerang in Australia was about 20,000 years ago.",open_qa what is the greenest country ion the world,"Coming in at first place is Sweden. Sweden ranks highly across the studies, coming in 5th place on the EPI, 9th for the GFI, and 4th for the lowest annual average PM2.5 concentration at 6.6 μg/m³. However, like most European countries Sweden’s main downfall is its CO2 emissions per capita, ranking only 28th place with 4.18 tonnes (4th in Europe). Some of Sweden’s highlights are that it has a perfect score in the EPI for protecting marine ecosystems and it ranks second in the GFI’s CO2 emissions growth in transport sector indicator.",sweden,closed_qa What are the three best commuter trains in California?,,"1. Capital Corridor (it connects multiple large metro areas and is very comfortable) 2. Caltrain (helps many commuters get to work along the San Francisco peninsula) 3. Coaster (for around $5, passengers get a beautiful view of the Pacific Ocean)",brainstorming What is a personality test?,"The origins of personality assessment date back to the 18th and 19th centuries, when personality was assessed through phrenology, the measurement of bumps on the human skull, and physiognomy, which assessed personality based on a person's outer appearances. Sir Francis Galton took another approach to assessing personality late in the 19th century. Based on the lexical hypothesis, Galton estimated the number of adjectives that described personality in the English dictionary. Galton's list was eventually refined by Louis Leon Thurstone to 60 words that were commonly used for describing personality at the time. Through factor analyzing responses from 1300 participants, Thurstone was able to reduce this severely restricted pool of 60 adjectives into seven common factors. This procedure of factor analyzing common adjectives was later utilized by Raymond Cattell (7th most highly cited psychologist of the 20th Century—based on the peer-reviewed journal literature), who subsequently utilized a data set of over 4000 affect terms from the English dictionary that eventually resulted in construction of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) which also measured up to eight second-stratum personality factors. Of the many introspective (i.e., subjective) self-report instruments constructed to measure the putative Big Five personality dimensions, perhaps the most popular has been the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) However, the psychometric properties of the NEO-PI-R (including its factor analytic/construct validity) has been severely criticized.","Personality test is a test of measuring human personality constructs. Its origin can be dated back to 18th century. There are many different types of personality assessment measures. These tests are designed to draw knowledge about an individual's interest, interactive style and many other things.",information_extraction Current industry trends and how to capitalize on them?,,"1. Increase focus on sustainability 2. Cutting unnecessary costs 3. Emphasis on digital transformation",brainstorming "How to get an efficient cardio workout and improve your speed, and gain other health benefits?",,"In this day and age when many are busy with work, family, electronic gadgets, social media it becomes increasingly challenging to find the time to exercise. Staying healthy will allow you to enjoy those distractions longer, but jokes aside it will make you feel energized, motivated and bring out the best in you. When new discoveries in scenic areas are correctly applied, you don’t need to spend multiple hours at the gym, you don’t have to starve to achieve your goals, this concept was very enticing to me when I first learnt about the Sprint 8 program at my local gym. I decided to give this a try! Sprint 8 - Its a 20 minute routine, where you spend the first 30 seconds working out at the highest level of intensity (go all out) followed by 90 seconds of active recovery, repeat this 8 times.. You can use a bike, treadmill, elliptical whichever suits your style. In all my life of being fairly active, Sprint 8 has the toughest workout, but over a year I could see significant results. I was able to run faster, lower blood pressure, reduce fat percentage, and improve muscle mass. The key differentiator about this program is that it engages all the three muscle fiber types and releases exercise induced growth hormones to help your body become stronger, leaner and healthier. Another advantage is that this program really reduces any change of injury that one may face by running, heavy weight lifting etc therefore allowing you to sustain the exercise program for years to come. Give this a try and gain the benefits of efficient exercising.",open_qa What is the best breakfast to order when out with friends?,,"Eggs benedict is a superior breakfast or brunch choice. It is easy to eat, provides hearty sustenance, and is a dish that is often prepared with some creativity tailored to local specialties. While most eggs benedict have the core components of a poached egg and an english muffin there are endless variations, so it is an option you will likely be able to order again and again.",creative_writing What are 3 ways I can do to feel better if I am in a bad mood?,,"I'm sorry you are in a bad mood. You can try going outside for a walk, go to the gym and workout, or take a hot bath. Feel well soon.",brainstorming What is Redis?,,"Redis is an in-memory data structure store, used as a distributed, in-memory key-value database, cache and message broker, with optional durability.",open_qa Is Tesla's strategy sustainable in the face of increasing competition from incumbents and entrants in the fully electric vehicle market? How should they respond to the growing competitive threat?,,"Tesla has multiple advantages to sustaining the electric vehicle industry. Tesla perfected the direct-to-consumer sales model. This has eliminated the dealer network and unnecessary 3rd party interventions to its operating model. Also, Tesla's battery architecture is based on commodity battery packs, which are patented and proven cost-effective. Tesla's significant advantage over its competitors is its charging networks, which are increasing in size. Tesla has the 10x improvement to its product from traditional automobiles, like over-the-wire updates, autopilot, summon feature, etc., which helps Tesla to stand apart.",creative_writing Please write a socia media post about why Leo Messi is the best soccer player in the world.,,"Messi is the best soccer player in the world because he has both the best skills and strongest mentality. His physical strength might not be the greatest in the world but he is able to leverage his body to perform amazing motions and skills on the field. His control of the ball is unmatchable and always give his opponents a hard time. In addition to that, Messi has a winner mentality that keeps him calm and focused especially in big matches. Will all those virtues, Messi has won countless trophies and awards so he is considered to be the best soccer player in the world.",creative_writing "Tell me whether these cities are in Spain or France: Pamplona, Valencia, Nice, Marseille, Paris, Sevilla",,"Pamplona: Spain Valencia: Spain Nice: France Marseille: France Paris: France Sevilla: Spain",classification What are the primary causes of inflation?,,"There is often a decrease in the quality of money (currency value) when the money supply increases too rapidly in an economy. In general, economists believe that increased money supply (monetary inflation) causes price increases over the long run, but disagree on causes for short-term inflation.",open_qa Name a winner of the Fields Medal in mathematics.,"Maryam Mirzakhani was an Iranian mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Stanford University. Her research topics included Teichmüller theory, hyperbolic geometry, ergodic theory, and symplectic geometry. In 2005, as a result of her research, she was honored in Popular Science's fourth annual ""Brilliant 10"" in which she was acknowledged as one of the top 10 young minds who have pushed their fields in innovative directions. Mirzakhani was honored with the Fields Medal, the most prestigious award in mathematics, becoming the first Iranian to be honored with the award and the first of only two women to date. The award committee cited her work in ""the dynamics and geometry of Riemann surfaces and their moduli spaces"". Mirzakhani died of breast cancer at the age of 40 in 2017.","Maryam Mirzakhani, an Iranian mathematician, received the Fields Medal in mathematics in 2014 before her untimely death from breast cancer in 2017.",information_extraction Why is prioritizing diversity hiring in an organization important?,"Diversity is believed to bring substantial benefits such as better decision making and improved problem solving, greater creativity and innovation, which leads to enhanced product development, and more successful marketing to different types of customers","Diversity drives creativity, innovation, and personal growth.",closed_qa What are the best ways you can achieve type 2 fun?,,"Type 2 fun is typically described as an activity that is not enjoyable in the moment but highly rewarding once complete. Some examples include Marathon running, alpining or mountaineering. Unrelated to physical activities, this can also relate to new challenges that provide a strong feeling of accomplishment once completed. For someone looking at taking on a type 2 fun experience, it’s important to first consider how your reward system works. Start with something challenging but achievable. An activity that you can continuously build on is also a great candidate.",brainstorming What makes a Squishmallow resellable?,"Due to the demand for the toy, Squishmallows are often sold by resellers for an increased price. The average resell price for a Squishmallow depends on the size, condition, and rarity of the specific item. Some limited edition or high-demand Squishmallows are sold by resellers and collectors for hundreds or thousands of dollars. Jack the Black Cat, known for its closed white eyes and white whiskers, is one of the rarest Squishmallows sold to date. KellyToys introduced the limited edition stuffed animal on their website in 2020, where it sold out within two hours. Third party websites like eBay host listings for Jack the Black Cat valued at nearly $2,000. Among the many Squishmallows that are sold, some of the most popular include Connor the Cow, Malcolm the Mushroom, Archie the Axolotl, and Philippe the Frog. There are reports that resellers are harassed and doxxed by the community.","Squishmallows are a highly demanded toy and also often are sold as limited edition items. As a result, Squishmallows that are more unique and rare can often be sold or higher value later. One example is Jack the Black Cat which has been listed on eBay for nearly $2,000.",closed_qa What items do you need to buy in preparation for the arrival of a baby,,"The arrival of a baby is an exciting time! Here is a list of some items you may want to get before its arrival: - Crib or bassinet and bedding - Baby monitor - Car Seat - Stroller - Onesies and appropriate clothing - Feeding bottles - First aid kit - Diapers and related creams and wipes",brainstorming How many versions of One Night game available?,"The One Night Trilogy, comprising three games, One Night, One Night 2: The Beyond and One Night: Full Circle, is a series of 2D tile-based overhead psychological horror games. The three games tell the story of an attempt to invade Earth by a race of supernatural shadow people and a collection of protagonists who must survive the attacks and fight against them. The origins of the creatures and their motives are detailed in the prequel, One Night 2: The Beyond, while the first and third games deal with subsequent invasion attempts and the conclusion to the conflict.","The One Night Trilogy, comprising three games, One Night, One Night 2: The Beyond and One Night",information_extraction "Which of the following from this list are types of flowers and which are names of European countries: roses, Norway, tulips, the Netherlands, Sweden, France, Spain, Greece, Italy, and sunflowers.",,"The types of flowers from this list are: tulips, roses and sunflowers. The European countries are Norway, the Netherlands, Sweden, France, Spain, Greece, and Italy.",classification Where is Mount Everest?,"Mount Everest (Nepali: सगरमाथा, romanized: Sagarmāthā; Tibetan: Chomolungma ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ; Chinese: 珠穆朗玛峰; pinyin: Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng) is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The China–Nepal border runs across its summit point. Its elevation (snow height) of 8,848.86 m (29,031 ft 8+1⁄2 in) was most recently established in 2020 by the Chinese and Nepali authorities.",Mount Everest is located in the Himalayan mountain range and runs across the China-Nepal border.,closed_qa What are the two major bacterial pathogens of Anaplasma bacteria?,"Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease affecting ruminants, dogs, and horses, and is caused by Anaplasma bacteria. Anaplasmosis is an infectious but not contagious disease. Anaplasmosis can be transmitted through mechanical and biological vector processes. Anaplasmosis can also be referred to as ""yellow bag"" or ""yellow fever"" because the infected animal can develop a jaundiced look. Other signs of infection include weight loss, diarrhea, paleness of the skin, aggressive behavior, and high fever. Many different tick species can carry the bacteria that cause anaplasmosis. The two major bacterial pathogens are Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. These microorganisms are Gram-negative, and infect red blood cells. Once the host is infected with anaplasmosis, the immune system will try to fight off and kill the infected red blood cells, but will also kill healthy red blood cells. The Anaplasma sparouinense species is responsible for a rare zoonosis, the Sparouine anaplasmosis, detected only in French Guiana, South America. This disease was described from a clandestine gold miner working deep in rainforest. Infection of his red blood cells led to a severe deterioration of his health and required his hospitalization. Molecular typing showed that Anaplasma sparouinense is distinct to all known species and more genetically related to recently described Anaplasma species causing infections in rainforest wild fauna of Brazil. While there are no current live or inactivated vaccines effective for all strains of A. marginale approved by the USDA for anaplasmosis, there are other means of prevention. Tick and fly control for herds of ruminants can be effective but also labor intensive. Chemical methods can also be used, including sanitizing surgical equipment after each use. Tetracycline drugs are the most common treatment for anaplasmosis, and can provide the animal with immunity for a period of time. The disease is more common in the South and West parts of the United States, but is no longer considered a major problem since the use of tetracycline drugs.","The two major bacterial pathogens are Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. These microorganisms are Gram-negative, and infect red blood cells.",summarization What is the wettest state in the US?,,Hawaii – 63.70 inches of rain per year,open_qa What is a dispersive prism?,"In optics, a dispersive prism is an optical prism that is used to disperse light, that is, to separate light into its spectral components (the colors of the rainbow). Different wavelengths (colors) of light will be deflected by the prism at different angles. This is a result of the prism material's index of refraction varying with wavelength (dispersion). Generally, longer wavelengths (red) undergo a smaller deviation than shorter wavelengths (blue). The dispersion of white light into colors by a prism led Sir Isaac Newton to conclude that white light consisted of a mixture of different colors.",A dispersive prism is an optical prism that disperses the light's different wavelengths at different angles. When white light is shined through a dispersive prism it will separate into the different colors of the rainbow.,summarization "Which of these items should I pack away during the summer: winter coat, swimsuit, hiking boots, space heater, coffee pot.",,"In most climates you could put a winter coat and a space heater in storage during the summer. A swimsuit would likely be used in the summer, and hiking boots or a coffee pot aren’t particularly impacted by seasonal changes.",classification Why do you love someone,,To experience a feeling which is exceptional,brainstorming Why is cricket the most viewed sport in India?,,"The history of cricket spans many years. Despite the fact that it is not a local sport, it was somehow passed down by British colonialists who conquered India. From Kashmir to Kanyakumari, it is a sport that all Indians are passionate about and it will be hard to spot someone who never played the game here. In the world cup finals, Mahendra Singh Dhoni hit a six off the very last ball, which cricket fans will never forget. India currently has won two World Cups and has previously qualified for many pre-final entries. It's also important to note that women's cricket is becoming more and more popular.",open_qa "Write a story with the theme ""Be wise when you speak.""",,"Judge Matt had it all, a successful career, a loving family, and the respect of his peers. His quick wit and tongue made him a well-known person within the courtroom. But outside work, he was reckless and impulsive. While at a public event, he made a careless remark which was caught on camera, spreading like wildfire across the internet. He lost his family's trust, his job, and his reputation. He was left with nothing in his darkest moment. Judge Matt realized the truth of the adage, ""Be wise when you speak,"" and committed to change for the better. Seeing his efforts, his former colleague reached out with an opportunity to return to the bench. Judge Matt embraced the chance and transformed himself, earning the trust of his family and friends. He had gained something more valuable than he had lost—the power of his words, wisdom, and compassion.",creative_writing Can you offer tips for visiting Mexico City for fun?,,"Located in the center of Mexico, Mexico City is in the high central plateau. It is the capital of Mexico and the 5th largest city in the world. The average temperature ranges from 54-61 degrees Fahrenheit and traffic is much more tolerable compared with the other large Metro Areas in the US like San Fransisco and Los Angeles. The city has lots of greenspace and has a “European” feel. Some practical tips when traveling to Mexico City, include 1. using the ride sharing app Didi, which is more popular than Uber or Lyft in Mexico City, to get around the city; 2. tipping is recommended and servers accept tips for small favors; 3.withdrawing money from ATM machines usually has high foreign transaction fees so it is better to exchange money at the airport or before arriving; 4. food is fantastic! Visitors will enjoy food at both upscale restaurants and low-key food trucks.",brainstorming What are the earliest records of dried fruits in history?,"Traditional dried fruit such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots and apples have been a staple of Mediterranean diets for millennia. This is due partly to their early cultivation in the Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt. Drying or dehydration also happened to be the earliest form of food preservation: grapes, dates, and figs that fell from the tree or vine would dry in the hot sun. Early hunter-gatherers observed that these fallen fruit took on an edible form, and valued them for their stability as well as their concentrated sweetness. The earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC, which contain what are probably the oldest known written recipes. These clay slabs, written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia, were inscribed in cuneiform and tell of diets based on grains (barley, millet, wheat), vegetables and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, pomegranates, and grapes. These early civilizations used dates, date juice evaporated into syrup and raisins as sweeteners. They included dried fruits in their breads for which they had more than 300 recipes, from simple barley bread for the workers to very elaborate, spiced cakes with honey for the palaces and temples. The date palm was one of the first cultivated trees. It was domesticated in Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago. It grew abundantly in the Fertile Crescent and it was so productive (an average date palm produces 50 kg (100 lbs) of fruit a year for 60 years or more) that dates were the cheapest of staple foods. Because they were so valuable, they were well recorded in Assyrian and Babylonian monuments and temples. The villagers in Mesopotamia dried them and ate them as sweets. Whether fresh, soft-dried or hard-dried, they helped to give character to meat dishes and grain pies. They were valued by travelers for their energy and were recommended as stimulants against fatigue. Figs were also prized in early Mesopotamia, Palestine, Israel, and Egypt where their daily use was probably greater than or equal to that of dates. As well as appearing in wall paintings, many specimens have been found in Egyptian tombs as funerary offerings. In Greece and Crete, figs grew very readily and they were the staple of poor and rich alike, particularly in their dried form. Grape cultivation first began in Armenia and the eastern regions of the Mediterranean in the 4th century BC. Raisins were produced by drying grapes in the hot desert sun. Very quickly, viticulture and raisin production spread across northern Africa including Morocco and Tunisia. The Phoenicians and the Egyptians popularized the production of raisins, probably due to the perfect arid environment for sun drying. They put them in jars for storage and allotted them to the different temples by the thousands. They also added them to breads and various pastries, some made with honey, some with milk and eggs. From the Middle East, these fruits spread through Greece to Italy where they became a major part of the diet. Ancient Romans consumed raisins in spectacular quantities and at all levels of society, including them as a key part of their common meals, along with olives and fresh fruits. Raisined breads were common for breakfast and were consumed with their grains, beans, and cultured milks. Raisins were so valued that they transcended the food realm and became rewards for successful athletes, as well as premium barter currency. Having dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: ""She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year."" Figs were also extremely popular in Rome. Dried figs were added to bread and formed a major part of the winter food of country people. They were rubbed with spices such as cumin, anise and fennel seeds, or toasted sesame, wrapped in fig leaves and stored in jars. Today, major producing regions include Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza and many other Arabic countries. Dried figs are rich in vitamins, phosphorus and various other important minerals. Plums, apricots and peaches had their origins in Asia. They were domesticated in China in the 3rd millennium BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were also very popular, fresh and dried alike. They arrived in Greece and Italy much later and were very expensive but valued in the preparation of gourmet dishes with port or stewed with honey and spices.","The earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC, which contain what are probably the oldest known written recipes. These clay slabs, written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia, were inscribed in cuneiform and tell of diets based on grains (barley, millet, wheat), vegetables and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, pomegranates, and grapes.",information_extraction Why donuts have holes?,,Donuts have holes to help cook/bake the entire food item evenly,open_qa What does a geologist do?,,A geologist studies rocks that come from the earth. They evaluate the composition of rocks in order to determine how long ago layers in rock formations were formed. They are able to give us a clear objective history of how the earth was formed and how it has adapted over time.,open_qa Why is customer obsession important,,"Customer obsession is important to acquire new and maintain customer account and customer account growth over time. It helps to create trust with customers and build lasting relationships with them. When the customer says we only want to work with a single person who they have a relationship with this enables that person to grow accounts, find new use cases, and opportunities to drive platform consumption increasing company revenue. Its important as you work with customer for them to trust you in your ability to deliver world-class results and work that is reproducible and scalable in their account and across new and other existing accounts.",open_qa What is the name of the world's oldest city?,,"The city of Jericho, located near the Jordan River in Palestine, is the earliest known city and played an important role in the development of the Neolithic Revolution. Since 9000 BC, nomadic settlers have been drawn here by the warm temperatures, natural springs, and the land's suitability for cultivation.",open_qa Why is working out important for humans?,,"There are a multitude of reasons why people from all across the global and different background prioritize working out. To start, the obvious is because it helps grow and maintain muscle mass. As a result of having more muscle, humans typically feel better and look better about themselves. Another reason is because working out and exercising help you burn fat, and lose weight, therefore increasing your overall health. Some people also look to workout as a way to make friends and be social, group workout classes are a great way to make friends and meet people. Mentally working out also increases certain brain chemicals that help fight depression and anxiety.",creative_writing How many world championships has Max Verstappen won?,"After winning the 2021 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, Verstappen became the first Dutch driver to win the Formula One World Championship, and the 34th Formula One World Drivers' Champion. He won his second consecutive Formula One championship the next season.","Max Verstappen has won 2 Formula One World Championships. He won his first one in 2021 at the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix. In 2022 he won his second consecutive Formula One championship As of the 3rd race of the 2023 season, he is leading the World Championship with 69 points.",closed_qa Who is the best NBA player of all time?,,This can be discussed but it is often admitted that Michael Jordan is the best NBA player of all time.,open_qa "Which of these are ski mountains and which are deserts: Killington, Stowe, Sahara, Kalahari, Palisades, Gobi, Northstar, and Kirkwood.",,"The deserts include: Sahara, Kalahari, and Gobi. The ski resorts are: Killington, Stowe, Palisades, Northstar, and Kirkwood.",classification "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Tasmanian Tiger, Macaw",,"Macaw is alive, Tasmanian Tiger is extinct.",classification Give me a summary of the paragraph in your own words and it should be short,"Recreational drug use is the use of one or more psychoactive drugs to induce an altered state of consciousness either for pleasure or for some other casual purpose or pastime. When a psychoactive drug enters the user's body, it induces an intoxicating effect. Generally, recreational drugs are divided into three categories: depressants (drugs that induce a feeling of relaxation and calmness), stimulants (drugs that induce a sense of energy and alertness), and hallucinogens (drugs that induce perceptual distortions such as hallucination). In popular practice, recreational drug use generally is a tolerated social behaviour, rather than perceived as the medical condition of self-medication. However, drug use and drug addiction are severely stigmatized everywhere in the world. Many people also use prescribed and controlled depressants such as opioids, as well as opiates and benzodiazepines. What controlled substances are considered generally unlawful to possess varies by country, but usually includes cannabis, cocaine, opioids, MDMA, amphetamine, methamphetamine, psychedelics, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates. As of 2015, it is estimated that about 5% of people worldwide aged 15 to 65 (158 million to 351 million) had used controlled drugs at least once. Common recreational drugs include caffeine, commonly found in coffee, tea, soft drinks, and chocolate; alcohol, commonly found in beer, wine, cocktails, and distilled spirits; nicotine, commonly found in tobacco, tobacco-based products, and electronic cigarettes; cannabis and hashish (with legality of possession varying inter/intra-nationally); and the controlled substances listed as controlled drugs in the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961) and the Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971) of the United Nations (UN). Since the early 2000s, the European Union (EU) has developed several comprehensive and multidisciplinary strategies as part of its drug policy in order to prevent the diffusion of recreational drug use and abuse among the European population and raise public awareness on the adverse effects of drugs among all member states of the European Union, as well as conjoined efforts with European law enforcement agencies, such as the Europol and EMCDDA, in order to counter organized crime and illegal drug trade in Europe.","Recreational drug use refers to using certain drugs for enjoyment or leisure purposes instead of for medicinal reasons. Some common recreational drugs include caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, and synthetic drugs like ecstasy. While many countries consider recreational drug use legal, there are still laws surrounding their consumption and distribution. The EU has implemented various policies aimed at reducing recreational drug use and addressing issues related to drug trafficking within its borders. People often take recreational drugs because they want to experience feelings of euphoria, increased energy levels, or enhanced sensory perception. However, these drugs can have serious side effects, including dependence, withdrawal symptoms, impaired judgment and motor skills, and even death. Additionally, recreational drug use can lead to legal consequences, financial problems, strained relationships, and health issues such as mental illness, organ damage, and overdose. Despite these risks, many individuals continue to engage in recreational drug use due to peer pressure, stress relief, or simply for the thrill of it. Overall, recreational drug use poses significant dangers to both individual users and society as a whole.",summarization Where can set theory be applied?,"Set theory is the branch of mathematical logic that studies sets, which can be informally described as collections of objects. Although objects of any kind can be collected into a set, set theory, as a branch of mathematics, is mostly concerned with those that are relevant to mathematics as a whole. The modern study of set theory was initiated by the German mathematicians Richard Dedekind and Georg Cantor in the 1870s. In particular, Georg Cantor is commonly considered the founder of set theory. The non-formalized systems investigated during this early stage go under the name of naive set theory. After the discovery of paradoxes within naive set theory (such as Russell's paradox, Cantor's paradox and the Burali-Forti paradox) various axiomatic systems were proposed in the early twentieth century, of which Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (with or without the axiom of choice) is still the best-known and most studied. Set theory is commonly employed as a foundational system for the whole of mathematics, particularly in the form of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice. Besides its foundational role, set theory also provides the framework to develop a mathematical theory of infinity, and has various applications in computer science (such as in the theory of relational algebra), philosophy and formal semantics. Its foundational appeal, together with its paradoxes, its implications for the concept of infinity and its multiple applications, have made set theory an area of major interest for logicians and philosophers of mathematics. Contemporary research into set theory covers a vast array of topics, ranging from the structure of the real number line to the study of the consistency of large cardinals.","Sets can be applied to virtually any application, given that the application can be represented via a logical set of mathematical objects.",summarization Write an email to someone updating that I’ve accepted the position at their company to which they referred me,,"Hi, I wanted to update you that I accepted the offer! Thank you for being such a huge part of this, from coffee chats to interview prepping. You made all the difference in my application journey and I’m so excited to work with you.",creative_writing Why should you visit Ireland?,,Ireland is one of the most beautiful places that I've lived. It does rain quite a bit but on a sunny day I've never seen a more beautiful place. The grass is a vivid green and the nature comes to life on those sunny days. If you like history it's also a great place to explore with various ruins scattered across the country as well as plenty of castles. Ireland also has some great beaches and while the water is cold it's also refreshing and worth the beauty that you will find while you explore the beaches. If it's nightlife you are looking for look no further than Temple Bar in Dublin. The restaurants and pubs are very welcoming with a diverse cuisine that will satisfy anyone's appetite.,creative_writing What is Gobekli Tepe?,"Göbekli Tepe (Turkish: [ɟœbecˈli teˈpe], ""Potbelly Hill""; known as Girê Mirazan or Xirabreşkê in Kurdish) is a Neolithic archaeological site in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Dated to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, between c. 9500 and 8000 BCE, the site comprises a number of large circular structures supported by massive stone pillars – the world's oldest known megaliths. Many of these pillars are richly decorated with figurative anthropomorphic details, clothing, and reliefs of wild animals, providing archaeologists rare insights into prehistoric religion and the particular iconography of the period. The 15 m (50 ft)-high, 8 ha (20-acre) tell also includes many smaller buildings, quarries, and stone-cut cisterns from the Neolithic, as well as some traces of activity from later periods.","Gobekli Tepe is a neolithic archaeological site located in the Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the world's oldest known megalith, dating as far back as 12000 years.",closed_qa What is Squash the sport?,"Squash is a racket-and-ball sport played by two or four players in a four-walled court with a small, hollow, rubber ball. The players alternate in striking the ball with their rackets onto the playable surfaces of the four walls of the court. The objective of the game is to hit the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return. There are about 20 million people who play squash regularly world-wide in over 185 countries. The governing body of Squash, the World Squash Federation (WSF), is recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), but the sport is not part of the Olympic Games, despite a number of applications. Supporters continue to lobby for its incorporation in a future Olympic program. The Professional Squash Association (PSA) organizes the pro tour.",Squash is a sport played with a racket-and-ball in a court with four walls. Scoring goes up to 11 with a point allocated per rally. Typically squash is played by two players but can be played as doubles. Squash is very similar to racquetball.,information_extraction Where is the best place to see the northern lights?,,"The northern lights are experienced most frequently in northern Scandinavia. Tromsø in Norway, Lapland in Sweden and Reykjavik in Iceland are recommended locations. The Aurora Borealis is brightest between the months of September and April.",open_qa Give me a list of things I can do with my apple iwatch,,"There are a lot of things you can potentially do with an apple iwatch. For starters, if you're into fitness, you can use it to monitor your fitness and weight training goals. Additionally, you can also use it to monitor your sleep cycle to ensure that you are getting the best sleep possible. To learn more about the iwatch, go to the apple website and read about it full list of features.",brainstorming What are some of the things to know about New York City?,,"New York is the most populous city in USA. It is located in the southern tip of New York State. It is home of the Yankee Stadium which is the most famous baseball stadium in the world. It is a major transportation hub with global connectivity with three major airport, two major train stations, and a huge subway network. It is situated in the worlds largest natural harbor extending into the Atlantic Ocean. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.",creative_writing "Why is the sport commonly known as ""Ultimate Frisbee"" legally recognized only as ""Ultimate""?","Ultimate, originally known as ultimate frisbee, is a non-contact team sport played with a disc flung by hand. Ultimate was developed in 1968 by AJ Gator in Maplewood, New Jersey. Although ultimate resembles many traditional sports in its athletic requirements, it is unlike most sports due to its focus on self-officiating, even at the highest levels of competition. The term ""frisbee"" is a registered trademark of the Wham-O toy company, and thus the sport is not formally called ""ultimate Frisbee"", though this name is still in common casual use. Points are scored by passing the disc to a teammate in the opposing end zone. Other basic rules are that players must not take steps while holding the disc, and interceptions, incomplete passes, and passes out of bounds are turnovers. Rain, wind, or occasionally other adversities can make for a testing match with rapid turnovers, heightening the pressure of play.","The key reason why the sport ""Ultimate Frisbee"" is legally known as ""Ultimate"" comes down to copyright issues. The sports company ""Wham-O"" trademarked one of their products as the ""Ultimate Frisbee"" which would require licensing fees for the sport to use this name or risk facing legal action.",summarization how can we prevent the best river floods?,"Prominent levee systems have been built along the Mississippi River and Sacramento River in the United States, and the Po, Rhine, Meuse River, Rhône, Loire, Vistula, the delta formed by the Rhine, Maas/Meuse and Scheldt in the Netherlands and the Danube in Europe. During the Chinese Warring States period, the Dujiangyan irrigation system was built by the Qin as a water conservation and flood control project. The system's infrastructure is located on the Minjiang (Chinese: 岷江; pinyin: Mínjiāng), which is the longest tributary of the Chang Jiang, in Sichuan, China. The Mississippi levee system represents one of the largest such systems found anywhere in the world. It comprises over 5,600 km (3,500 mi) of levees extending some 1,000 km (620 mi) along the Mississippi, stretching from Cape Girardeau, Missouri, to the Mississippi delta. They were begun by French settlers in Louisiana in the 18th century to protect the city of New Orleans. The first Louisiana levees were about 90 cm (3 ft) high and covered a distance of about 80 km (50 mi) along the riverside. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, in conjunction with the Mississippi River Commission, extended the levee system beginning in 1882 to cover the riverbanks from Cairo, Illinois to the mouth of the Mississippi delta in Louisiana. By the mid-1980s, they had reached their present extent and averaged 7.3 m (24 ft) in height; some Mississippi levees are as high as 15 m (50 ft). The Mississippi levees also include some of the longest continuous individual levees in the world. One such levee extends southwards from Pine Bluff, Arkansas, for a distance of some 610 km (380 mi). The scope and scale of the Mississippi levees has often been compared to the Great Wall of China. The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) recommends and supports cellular confinement technology (geocells) as a best management practice. Particular attention is given to the matter of surface erosion, overtopping prevention and protection of levee crest and downstream slope. Reinforcement with geocells provides tensile force to the soil to better resist instability. Artificial levees can lead to an elevation of the natural river bed over time; whether this happens or not and how fast, depends on different factors, one of them being the amount and type of the bed load of a river. Alluvial rivers with intense accumulations of sediment tend to this behavior. Examples of rivers where artificial levees led to an elevation of the river bed, even up to a point where the river bed is higher than the adjacent ground surface behind the levees, are found for the Yellow River in China and the Mississippi in the United States.","Prominent levee systems have been built as a water conservation and flood control project. The Mississippi River and Sacramento River in the United States, and the Po, Rhine, Meuse River, Rhône, Loire, Vistula, the delta formed by the Rhine, Maas/Meuse and Scheldt in the Netherlands and the Danube in Europe. The Mississippi levee system represents one of the largest such systems found anywhere in the world",summarization What are some common Indian spices?,,"Chilli powder Turmeric Cumin Coriander Clove Cinnamon Turmeric Fenugreek Cardamom",brainstorming is a career in public accounting a good way to go,,yes,open_qa "why are lot of the women more structured and methodical in work, compared to men",,"many studies have been conducted to support that women have better organisational skills then men. This trait is also evident outside workplaces at home where women are generally the ones who organise things at home compared to their male counterpart. Organising and being methodical helps in being efficient and do multi tasking better. As more and more women are entering workforce, they continue to take the bigger share of the responsibility of home weather it child care, or home maintenance. In order to manage these women generally spend their time planning and organising things and executing the plan which helps them multi task. This is also the reason why women tend to clock required work hours as they have responsibilities outside work as well, so they have to be efficient in getting things done in 8 hours which men are generally more free to take longer hours to complete.",creative_writing Is a vegan diet health for the average person?,,"Vegan diets can be very healthy depending on food choices as compared to the common American diet. It helps to choose organic foods as part of your dietary choices. It is quite easy to include good proteins and low glycemic carbs to power one's activities and brain functions. As long as you try and stay away from sugar-filled choices, most people feel better and loose weight on a well-planned vegan diet. This also keeps people off of high fat and high sugar fast foods, not healthy for anyone.",creative_writing "Tell me whether these items would be found under the hood of a car or inside a human: engine, transmission, heart, lungs, battery, alternator, blood, wiper fluid, engine oil, kidneys.",,"The car parts in this list include the engine, transmission, battery, alternator, wiper fluid and engine oil. The human parts include heart, lungs, blood and kidneys.",classification What made C. Shannon Bacon famous,"C. Shannon Bacon (born 1971/1972) is an American attorney, legal scholar, and jurist serving as the chief justice of the New Mexico Supreme Court. Early life and education Bacon was raised in North Valley, New Mexico. She earned a Bachelor of Arts from Creighton University in Omaha and a Juris Doctor from the Creighton University School of Law. Career After graduating from law school, Bacon returned to Albuquerque, where she was admitted to the State Bar of New Mexico in 1997. She was formerly partner at a pair of Albuquerque law firms and clerked under Judge A. Joseph Alarid at the New Mexico Court of Appeals. Bacon is an adjunct professor at the University of New Mexico School of Law, where she teaches courses on evidence and trial practice. Bacon identifies as a lesbian. She is the first openly LGBT member of the New Mexico Supreme Court.[citation needed]","C. Shannon Bacon (born 1971/1972) is an American attorney, legal scholar, and jurist serving as the chief justice of the New Mexico Supreme Court. Bacon identifies as a lesbian. She is the first openly LGBT member of the New Mexico Supreme Court. Bacon was raised in North Valley, New Mexico. She earned a Bachelor of Arts from Creighton University in Omaha and a Juris Doctor from the Creighton University School of Law. After graduating from law school, Bacon returned to Albuquerque, where she was admitted to the State Bar of New Mexico in 1997. She was formerly partner at a pair of Albuquerque law firms and clerked under Judge A. Joseph Alarid at the New Mexico Court of Appeals. Bacon is an adjunct professor at the University of New Mexico School of Law, where she teaches courses on evidence and trial practice.",summarization Where is Seth McFarlane from?,,"Kent, Connecticut",open_qa Where is the best place to go to relax?,,"Some places you can go to relax are the beach or an all inclusive resort. Leaving work at home when you are on your staycation is another way to relax. Do activities that help you have fun and take your mind off of work like boating, whale watching, deep sea fishing, or riding a jet ski. Quiet time is another way to relax by relaxing in a chair on a beach with a good book too.",open_qa Are Schindler elevators safe,"Schindler Holding Ltd. is a Swiss multinational company which manufactures escalators, moving walkways, and elevators worldwide, founded in Switzerland in 1874. Schindler produces, installs, maintains and modernizes lifts and escalators in many types of buildings including residential, commercial and high-rise buildings. The company is present in over 140 countries and employs more than 66,000 people worldwide. The production facilities are located in Brazil, China, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, India and the United States. All operations and subsidiaries of Schindler Group are organised into Schindler Holding Ltd. (German: Schindler Holding AG, French: Schindler Holding S.A.), which is publicly traded on SIX Swiss Exchange.","Schindler Holding Ltd. is a Swiss multinational company which manufactures escalators, moving walkways, and elevators worldwide, founded in Switzerland in 1874. Schindler produces, installs, maintains and modernizes lifts and escalators in many types of buildings including residential, commercial and high-rise buildings. The company is present in over 140 countries and employs more than 66,000 people worldwide. The production facilities are located in Brazil, China, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, India and the United States. All operations and subsidiaries of Schindler Group are organised into Schindler Holding Ltd., which is publicly traded on SIX Swiss Exchange.",summarization Did Sir Winston Churchill win the Nobel Peace Prize?,,"No, Sir Winston Churchill did not win the Nobel Peace Prize. He was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize twice, in 1945 and in 1950, and did not win it. However, he did win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953.",open_qa How far is Hornowek from Izabelin?,"Hornówek [xɔrˈnuvɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Izabelin, within Warsaw West County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) south-west of Izabelin, 8 km (5 mi) north of Ożarów Mazowiecki, and 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Warsaw.",Hornowek is roughly 2 kilometers (1 mile) south west of Izabelin.,summarization Is the following statement true or false: cat's have wings?,,It is false. Cat's do not have wings.,classification What is a Swedish Hare and why was it developed?,"The Swedish Hare is a breed of domestic rabbit that resembles a hare and was developed, starting in 2008 in Sweden, for its competitive jumping ability. At the same time but separately, the Elfin breed was being developed in the United States—also in response to the popularity of rabbit show jumping. The Elfin officially became the Swedish Hare in October 2011.[citation needed]",A Swedish Hare is a domestic rabbit developed for competitive jumping.,summarization "According to this paragraph about UVA, what happens to a student who commits an offense from the honor system?","The nation's first codified honor system was instituted by UVA law professor Henry St. George Tucker, Sr. in 1842, after a fellow professor was shot to death on The Lawn. There are three tenets to the system: students simply must not lie, cheat, or steal. For its first 180 years it was a ""single sanction system"", meaning that committing any of these three offenses would result in expulsion from the university. In the spring of 2022, following decades of criticism and waning support for the system, a proposal to replace the penalty of expulsion with a two semester suspension passed a student referendum with over 80% of the vote and took effect immediately.","As of spring 2022, students who commit an offense of the Honor System at UVA face a two semester suspension.",closed_qa Which was the first film to reach he billion-dollar mark?,"Titanic is a 1997 American epic romance and disaster film directed, written, produced, and co-edited by James Cameron. Incorporating both historical and fictionalized aspects, it is based on accounts of the sinking of the RMS Titanic and stars Kate Winslet and Leonardo DiCaprio as members of different social classes who fall in love aboard the ship during its ill-fated maiden voyage. The film also features Billy Zane, Kathy Bates, Frances Fisher, Gloria Stuart, Bernard Hill, Jonathan Hyde, Victor Garber, and Bill Paxton. Cameron's inspiration for the film came from his fascination with shipwrecks; he felt a love story interspersed with the human loss would be essential to convey the emotional impact of the disaster. Production began on September 1, 1995, when Cameron shot footage of the actual Titanic wreck. The modern scenes on the research vessel were shot on board the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh, which Cameron had used as a base when filming the wreck. Scale models, computer-generated imagery, and a reconstruction of the Titanic built at Baja Studios were used to re-create the sinking. The film was co-financed by Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; the former handled distribution in North America while the latter released the film internationally. It was the most expensive film ever made at the time, with a production budget of $200 million. Filming took place from July 1996 to March 1997. Upon its release on December 19, 1997, Titanic achieved significant critical and commercial success, and then received numerous accolades. It was praised for its visual effects, performances (particularly DiCaprio, Winslet, and Stuart), production values, Cameron's direction, musical score, cinematography, story, and emotional depth. Nominated for 14 Academy Awards, it tied All About Eve (1950) for the most Oscar nominations, and won 11, including the awards for Best Picture and Best Director, tying Ben-Hur (1959) for the most Oscars won by a single film. With an initial worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, Titanic was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark. It remained the highest-grossing film of all time until Cameron's next film, Avatar, surpassed it in 2010. A number of re-releases since 1997 have pushed the film's worldwide total to $2.249 billion, making it the second film to gross more than $2 billion worldwide (after Avatar). It was also selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry in 2017 for being ""culturally, historically or aesthetically significant"".","With an initial worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, Titanic was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark. Upon its release on December 19, 1997, Titanic achieved significant critical and commercial success, and then received numerous accolades. It was praised for its visual effects, performances (particularly DiCaprio, Winslet, and Stuart), production values, Cameron's direction, musical score, cinematography, story, and emotional depth. It was nominated for 14 Academy Awards, and won 11, including the awards for Best Picture and Best Director.",information_extraction why is boba tea so popular now in the US?,,"First of all, boba tea is delicious! Like coffee, many people are tea lovers and need one or two brews everyday to boost their energy. To add flavor to your favorite tea, mix it with brown sugar, dairy or non-dairy milk. That creates a large variety of milk teas. Boba tea recipes can be extremely creative; new items come out almost monthly. For toppings, the classical choices are tapioca boba, herbal jelly, fruity pop pearls, fruity flavor jelly, egg pudding, almond pudding, and red bean paste.... Milk foams, ice cream, Oreo cookies are now part of the innovative new items. When walking into a boba tea shop, you will be amazed by the wide range of choices! Secondly, just like coffee shops, boba tea shops are now chill locations for friends gathering, social meetup, study or a work afternoon. The decors inside tend to be instagram-able and attracts young folks to check in and post awesome pictures on their social media accounts.",brainstorming What are some songs from the Beatles' White Album that you'd recommend listening to?,,"The White Album is one of the Beatles most iconic and experimental albums. Recommended songs to listen to from this album include; 'Happiness is a Warm Gun', 'Dear Prudence', 'Rocky Raccoon', 'Back in the U.S.S.R', 'Blackbird', 'While My Guitar Gently Weeps', 'Glass Onion ' and 'Helter Skelter'.",brainstorming Who was Ann-Marie Hermans?,"Ann-Marie Hermans is an Australian politician. She is a member of the Liberal Party and is a member of the Victorian Legislative Council, representing the South Eastern Metropolitan Region since November 2022. Upon election to the Legislative Council, she was appointed Shadow Minister for Emergency Services and Shadow Minister for WorkCover and the TAC in the Pesutto shadow cabinet. Before joining the Liberals, she ran for Family First at the 2006 Victorian state election. Hermans was a school teacher prior to entering politics.",Ann-Marie Hermans is an Australian politician from the Liberal Party. She has represented the South Eastern Metropolitan Region since November 2022.,summarization Is UBS a good bank,"UBS Group AG[nb 1] is a multinational investment bank and financial services company founded and based in Switzerland. Co-headquartered in the cities of Zürich and Basel, it maintains a presence in all major financial centres as the largest Swiss banking institution and the largest private bank in the world. UBS client services are known for their strict bank–client confidentiality and culture of banking secrecy.[nb 2] Because of the bank's large positions in the Americas, EMEA, and Asia Pacific markets, the Financial Stability Board considers it a global systemically important bank.","The UBS Group AG is a multinational investment bank and financial services company founded and based in Switzerland. Co-headquartered in the cities of Zürich and Basel, it maintains a presence in all major financial centres as the largest Swiss banking institution and the largest private bank in the world. UBS client services are known for their strict bank–client confidentiality and culture of banking secrecy. Because of the bank's large positions in the Americas, EMEA, and Asia Pacific markets, the Financial Stability Board considers it a global systemically important bank.",summarization Give me a summary about Michael Jackson,"Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and philanthropist. Dubbed the ""King of Pop"", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century. Over a four-decade career, his contributions to music, dance, and fashion, along with his publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture. Jackson influenced artists across many music genres; through stage and video performances, he popularized complicated dance moves such as the moonwalk, to which he gave the name, as well as the robot. The eighth child of the Jackson family, Jackson made his public debut in 1964 with his older brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5 (later known as the Jacksons). Jackson began his solo career in 1971 while at Motown Records. He became a solo star with his 1979 album Off the Wall. His music videos, including those for ""Beat It"", ""Billie Jean"", and ""Thriller"" from his 1982 album Thriller, are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an artform and promotional tool. He helped propel the success of MTV and continued to innovate with videos for the albums Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995), and Invincible (2001). Thriller became the best-selling album of all time, while Bad was the first album to produce five US Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles.[nb 1]","Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and philanthropist. Dubbed the ""King of Pop"", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century. Over a four-decade career, his contributions to music, dance, and fashion, along with his publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture. Jackson influenced artists across many music genres; through stage and video performances, he popularized complicated dance moves such as the moonwalk, to which he gave the name, as well as the robot. The eighth child of the Jackson family, Jackson made his public debut in 1964 with his older brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5 (later known as the Jacksons). Jackson began his solo career in 1971 while at Motown Records. He became a solo star with his 1979 album Off the Wall. His music videos, including those for ""Beat It"", ""Billie Jean"", and ""Thriller"" from his 1982 album Thriller, are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an artform and promotional tool. He helped propel the success of MTV and continued to innovate with videos for the albums Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995), and Invincible (2001). Thriller became the best-selling album of all time, while Bad was the first album to produce five US Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles.",summarization What are Heat Shock proteins?,"Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions. They were first described in relation to heat shock, but are now known to also be expressed during other stresses including exposure to cold, UV light and during wound healing or tissue remodeling. Many members of this group perform chaperone functions by stabilizing new proteins to ensure correct folding or by helping to refold proteins that were damaged by the cell stress. This increase in expression is transcriptionally regulated. The dramatic upregulation of the heat shock proteins is a key part of the heat shock response and is induced primarily by heat shock factor (HSF). HSPs are found in virtually all living organisms, from bacteria to humans.",Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions.,closed_qa Why is Peter Pan usually portrayed by a female on stage performances (not movies)?,,"Peter Pan was introduced to the world in 1904. At the time, stage productions were prominent and the Broadway play director wanted to cast a female. That tradition has continued and a woman is cast often.",open_qa "I'm getting into music history and want to listen to authentic analogue music from the 1980's. Which of the following should I try: ipod, vinyl, apple music, cassette, compact disc, spotify, youtube",,"Vinyl, cassette and compact disc are all analogue music devices available in the 1980's - you should try them.",classification What is the largest fresh water lake?,"Lake Baikal (/baɪˈkɑːl, -ˈkæl/, Russian: Oзеро Байкал, romanized: Ozero Baykal [ˈozʲɪrə bɐjˈkaɫ]) is a rift lake in Russia. It is situated in southern Siberia, between the federal subjects of Irkutsk Oblast to the northwest and the Republic of Buryatia to the southeast. With 23,615.39 km3 (5,670 cu mi) of water, Lake Baikal is the world's largest freshwater lake by volume, containing 22–23% of the world's fresh surface water, more than all of the North American Great Lakes combined. It is also the world's deepest lake, with a maximum depth of 1,642 metres (5,387 feet; 898 fathoms), and the world's oldest lake, at 25–30 million years. At 31,722 km2 (12,248 sq mi)—slightly larger than Belgium—Lake Baikal is the world's seventh-largest lake by surface area. It is among the world's clearest lakes. Baikal's age is estimated at 25–30 million years, making it the most ancient lake in geological history. It is unique among large, high-latitude lakes, as its sediments have not been scoured by overriding continental ice sheets. Russian, U.S., and Japanese cooperative studies of deep-drilling core sediments in the 1990s provide a detailed record of climatic variation over the past 6.7 million years.","Lake Baikal, located in Russia in the southern region of Sibera is the largest and deepest fresh water lake, containing 20% of Earth's fresh surface water.",closed_qa Is Spain a good place to live?,,"Spain could be a great place to live depending on what you are looking for. Spain has amazing weather, very friendly people, amazing food and a good amount of history to learn about. As a tourist or short term visitor, you could have a blast. On the other hand, for a long term stay where you need to earn some income… unemployment is a big problem in Spain for the youth.",open_qa "Please give me a short summary of the critical response received by Season 1 of the Apple TV Series ""Ted Lasso""","Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 92% based on 74 reviews, with an average rating of 8.2/10. The website's critics consensus reads, ""Warm and winsome, if not particularly hilarious, Ted Lasso fleshes out its promo premise with unrelenting optimism and a charming turn from Jason Sudeikis."" Metacritic gave the first season a weighted average score of 71 out of 100 based on 21 reviews, indicating ""generally favorable reviews"". Kristen Baldwin of Entertainment Weekly gave the series an A− and wrote, ""There's nothing groundbreaking about the way Ted Lasso's story beats play out, but the show—a mix of workplace antics, sentimental sports inspo, and soapy romance—is undeniably winning."" Reviewing the series for Rolling Stone, Alan Sepinwall described the series as ""extremely likable throughout, but it's more a hypothetical comedy than an actual one. There are long stretches where Juno Temple is the only actor even trying to sell what few jokes are in the scripts."" and gave a rating of 3/5. Writing for The Guardian, Benjamin Lee gave it 2/5, describing it as ""a show that isn't unwatchably bad but isn't really much of anything"", and suggesting that some of its humor was ""rooted in some questionable and uneasy stereotypes"". As the season went on, critical appreciation for the show increased. After the eighth episode aired, Caroline Framke of Variety published a review with the headline ""For Your Reconsideration: Ted Lasso"". She went on to say, ""Above all odds, Ted Lasso chipped away at my skepticism until there was none left—just like the character himself does to everyone he meets"", adding, ""At a time when just about everything feels catastrophic, there's something undeniably satisfying about spending some time with good people who are just trying to be the best they can, on and off the field."" Keri Lumm of Paste said, after the airing of the penultimate episode, ""Ted Lasso is the wholesome American hero we need"", going on to say ""... the landscape of television has felt kind of gloomy, so imagine my surprise when I turned on the TV to Ted Lasso and felt a swelling of a now unfamiliar emotion—hope."" And after the finale aired, Lea Palmieri from Decider said: ""Every step of the way, Ted Lasso proves to be comforting and entertaining and somehow both a distraction and a reminder that kindness is out there, not just on this fictional show, not just across the pond, but deep in the heart of America too.""","Season 1 of Ted Lasso was rated 92% on Rotten Tomatoes (74 reviews) and 71/100 on Metacritic (21 reviews). Some of the positive reviews described the show as winsome, comforting, entertaining and hopeful. Some viewers enjoyed the good-hearted cheer and optimism the show embodied during the current times of despair and hopelessness. One critic rated the show 2/5 and described it to be "" not unwatchably bad"".",summarization How to stay calm in stressful situations ?,,"Keeping calm in all sorts of situation is very important and beneficial. However, it is easier said than done. The first step towards achieving this is to be physically fit and healthy. Maintaining a nutritious diet and getting enough sleep also contribute a lot. Regularly practicing yoga or meditation helps indeed. Not taking life too seriously and not being too attached to the material world is also a great way to not get agitated.",creative_writing "Tell me whether these cities are part of ASEAN or not - Bangkok, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Kathmandu, Beijing, Tokyo, Osaka",,"Bangkok, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur is part of ASEAN. Kathmandu, Beijing, Tokyo, Osaka is not part of ASEAN",classification Let me know some different ways that someone can get healthier.,,"Healthy habits are incremental, so making small changes every day can make a difference over time. Some ideas in which to be healthier include drinking more water each day, as most people do not consume enough water. You could also try to increase your activity and maybe schedule 30 minutes of cardiovascular exercise each day. Try to eat more whole-foods that include fruit and vegetables and avoid processed foods and of course, at least 7 hours of sleep each night is important for full recovery.",brainstorming What are the six ports that make up the port of Hamina-Kotka?,"Port of Hamina-Kotka (Finnish Hamina-Kotkan satama) is a major seaport in Kotka and Hamina in Kymenlaakso, Finland, on the northern shore of Gulf of Finland. After its creation by merging the ports of Kotka and Hamina in 2011, the Port of Hamina-Kotka has become Finland's biggest port. It serves containers, liquid and dry bulk, gas, RoRo cargo and project shipments and is important for Finnish export industries and transit traffic to Russia. The main export goods in addition to liquid and dry bulk are paper and pulp. The Port of Hamina-Kotka is operated by HaminaKotka Satama Oy, a limited liability company founded in 2011 owned by the towns of Kotka (60%) and Hamina (40%). It consists of six ports: Port of Hamina, Hamina Port of Mussalo, Kotka Hietanen, Kotka Hietanen Etelä (Puolanlaituri), Kotka Kantasatama, Kotka Port of Sunila, Kotka There are frequent connections to ports of Gothenburg, Tallinn, Lübeck, Hamburg, Bremen, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Tilbury, Hull, St. Petersburg and Antwerp. Kotka Harbour is also a railway station and terminus of the railway between Kouvola and Kotka.","Port of Hamina, Hamina Port of Mussalo, Kotka Hietanen, Kotka Hietanen Etelä (Puolanlaituri), Kotka Kantasatama, Kotka Port of Sunila, Kotka",summarization What is Holi?,"Holi ( /ˈhoʊliː/) is a popular and significant Hindu festival celebrated as the Festival of Colours, Love and Spring. It celebrates the eternal and divine love of the god Radha and Krishna. Additionally, the day also signifies the triumph of good over evil, as it commemorates the victory of Vishnu as Narasimha Narayana over Hiranyakashipu.Holi is originated and is predominantly celebrated in the Indian subcontinent but has also spread to other regions of Asia and parts of the Western world through the Indian diaspora. Holi also celebrates the arrival of Spring in India, the end of winter, and the blossoming of love. It is also an invocation for a good spring harvest season. It lasts for a night and a day, starting on the evening of the Purnima (Full Moon Day) falling in the Hindu calendar month of Phalguna, which falls around the middle of March in the Gregorian calendar.","Holi is an Indian festival to celebrate the start of Spring. Its celebrated by people putting bright colors on each other [powdered color]. Celebrations include praying, food, colors and dancing. The specific day changes based on the calendar every year. It is celebrated by Indian Diaspora across the world.",information_extraction Why has West been a source of controversy recently?,"West's outspoken views have received significant media coverage; he has been a frequent source of controversy due to his conduct on social media and at awards shows and public settings, as well as his comments on the music and fashion industries, U.S. politics, race, and slavery. His Christian faith, high-profile marriage to Kim Kardashian, and mental health have also been topics of media attention. In 2020, West launched an unsuccessful independent presidential campaign that primarily advocated for a consistent life ethic. In 2022, he was widely condemned and lost many sponsors and partnerships—including his collaborations with Adidas, Gap, and Balenciaga—after making a series of antisemitic statements. In November 2022, he announced his 2024 presidential campaign, appearing publicly with Nick Fuentes, a white supremacist. West later publicly praised Adolf Hitler, denied the Holocaust, and identified as a Nazi.","West began making antisemitic comments on Twitter and on other news sources in 2022. His comments directly attacked Jewish people and denounced parts of history such as the Holocaust. Once he made his comments, many organizations that he was partnered with dropped him because of the backlash received by their customers.",summarization "Which of these are religions and which are countries: Christianity, Judaism, Norway, Canada, Islam, Egypt, China, and Iran.",,"The countries in this list are Norway, Canada, Egypt, China and Iran. The religions are Christian, Judaism, and Islam.",classification Why do children of Indian Origin do well in SpellBee contests in the USA?,,"We find that a high percentage of the winners of the SpellBee contests in the US are children of Indian origin. Most of these children are born to parents who migrated to the USA to work in fields such as Information Technology, Research or white collar jobs that require a good academic qualification. In general, for people to migrate from India to the US one of the main criteria is exceptional academic performance with post graduate university qualifications in addition to being very proficient in English.So, the parents of these children of Indian origin have a strong academic educational background and try to create an environment at home that places great emphasis on academic learning. SpellBee has become very popular with the events being telecast on TV. The event is becoming more popular among the Indian community in the US as they see Indian kids being successful in the contests and getting national recognition when they perform well in SpellBee. When the Indian parents find that their kids are showing some aptitude in spelling and are capable of putting in the required effort, the parents start motivating the children to start practising for SpellBee contests. These children of Indian origin spend significant effort over a period of several months or in some cases even years fine tuning their skills to practise for SpellBee contests. A combination of hard work, the support from the parents and family and the motivation of these children to perform well in SpellBee are all factors contributing to the success of the children of Indian origin in the SpellBee contests in the USA.",open_qa Who are the two most translated English writers,,Shakespeare and Agatha Christie,open_qa is customer support a great career,,yes,open_qa How to play chess,"The rules of chess (also known as the laws of chess) govern the play of the game of chess. Chess is a two-player abstract strategy board game. Each player controls sixteen pieces of six types on a chessboard. Each type of piece moves in a distinct way. The object of the game is to checkmate (threaten with inescapable capture) the opponent's king. A game can end in various ways besides checkmate: a player can resign, and there are several ways a game can end in a draw. While the exact origins of chess are unclear, modern rules first took form during the Middle Ages. The rules continued to be slightly modified until the early 19th century, when they reached essentially their current form. The rules also varied somewhat from region to region. Today, the standard rules are set by FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs), the international governing body for chess. Slight modifications are made by some national organizations for their own purposes. There are variations of the rules for fast chess, correspondence chess, online chess, and Chess960. Besides the basic moves of the pieces, rules also govern the equipment used, time control, conduct and ethics of players, accommodations for physically challenged players, and recording of moves using chess notation. Procedures for resolving irregularities that can occur during a game are provided as well.","To win the game of chess, a player must capture the opponent's king. This is known as ""Checkmating"" the king.",closed_qa What are some of the basic investment strategy for a new investor,,"Investment strategy may differ for individuals and there may not be a one strategy fits all approach. However, some of the fundamental and proven strategy involves investing early and investing regularly. Depending on the risk tolerance individuals should explore investing in Stocks, bonds, Certificate of Deposit, Real estate and cryptocurrency.",creative_writing What are some interesting places to visit in Canada as a tourist?,,"Canada is a large country with many unique destinations. Here are a few suggestions on where to go for a vacation: 1. Toronto - visit the CN tower and walk down Bay Street to see the Canadian Wallstreet. 2. Montreal - has a mix of both old and new sights, with some buildings dating back to the founding of the city. 3. Calgary - visit the Calgary Stampede to experience on of the world's largest rodeos. There are many other cities in Canada to visit, but these are just a few to get started!",brainstorming "In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Lannister?",,Lann the Clever,open_qa What is so good about Japan?,,"Japan is a fascinating country with a long and rich history, filled with unique and interesting cultural customs. From its rich culinary culture to its breathtaking natural beauty, there is something for everyone to enjoy in Japan. With so much to see and do, it’s no wonder why Japan is so well known around the world.",open_qa Write a self evaluation with the goal of getting a promotion.,,"During my time at this company, I have contributed to a number of high priority projects. These projects have impacted the performance of the overall company in a positive way. I shown teamwork and collaborated cross-functionally with many coworkers to complete important workstreams. My performance in all aspects have been high and the feedback from peers have been positive. Given my contributions to the team and company, I believe I should be considered for a promotion.",creative_writing What is the CGRO that detects photons?,"The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) was a space observatory detecting photons with energies from 20 keV to 30 GeV, in Earth orbit from 1991 to 2000. The observatory featured four main telescopes in one spacecraft, covering X-rays and gamma rays, including various specialized sub-instruments and detectors. Following 14 years of effort, the observatory was launched from Space Shuttle Atlantis during STS-37 on April 5, 1991, and operated until its deorbit on June 4, 2000. It was deployed in low Earth orbit at 450 km (280 mi) to avoid the Van Allen radiation belt. It was the heaviest astrophysical payload ever flown at that time at 17,000 kilograms (37,000 lb).",The CGRO is the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) and was a space observatory detecting photons with energies from 20 keV to 30GeV in earth from 1991 to 2000.,summarization Give me 5 strategies to receive a strong performance review,,"Here are 5 strategies to help you receive a strong performance review: 1. Perform all of the work assigned to you with good quality 2. Take initiative on projects outside of your main responsibilities 3. Make connections with people within and outside of your team 4. Become friends with your manager 5. Ask for continuous feedback throughout the year",brainstorming "Jill, a 60-year-old personal training client, wants to improve her hip flexibility. Can a foam roller target hip flexibility? Suggest an exercise she could perform with this equipment to meet that objective.",,"Yes! According to research, performing foam rolling for the lower back, buttocks, quadriceps, hamstrings, calves and iliotibial bands really helps with hip flexibility. She can perform “It Band Release”, which essentially foam rolls the side of the leg between hip and knee. This rolls the iliotibial bands, which helps to extend, abduct, and laterally rotate the hip; releasing tightness here helps target hip flexibility.",brainstorming Extract the names of the singles from the text as a bulleted list.,"Atlantis Princess is the third Korean-language studio album by South Korean singer BoA, released on May 30, 2003 by SM Entertainment. Several singles were promoted off the album, including the promotional single ""Lights of Seoul"", ""Atlantis Princess"", and ""Milky Way"", with accompanying music videos produced for the latter two songs. The album was also released in some parts of Asia, such as the Philippines, Hong Kong and Taiwan, with the overseas version containing a bonus VCD. Commercially, the album debuted at number one on the top 50 Korean monthly charts, with initial monthly sales of nearly 128,000 in from two days of shipments in May. It was the 4th best-selling album of the year in South Korea with sales of over 345,000 copies.","* Lights of Seoul * Atlantis Princess * Milky Way",information_extraction Why does oil float on water?,,"Because oil has lesser density, it floats on water",open_qa Does taking long walks do anything good for my health?,,"Exercise is very important in your daily lifestyle for overall health and well-being. A 15 minute brisk walk each day can do so many good things for your including keeping your heart healthy and lowering blood pressure. It will help keep your weight in balance, and also give your more energy throughout the day. A brisk walk in the morning is a great way to wake up without the need for caffeine to get going. It can also help you lose weight and may help to prevent stroke and type 2 diabetes.",open_qa give me a list of places I have to visit in Rome.,,"1. Colosseum 2. Fontana di trevi 3. Vatican museums 4.St.Peter's Basilica 5. Roman Forum 6. Pantheon 7. Piazza Navona 8. Piazza Spagna 9. Villa Borghese 10.Castel Sant'Angelo",brainstorming "Classify each of the following as an electric or gas vehicle: Tesla Model Y, Kia Telluride, Lexus IS250, Mustang Mach-e, Chevy Bolt, Toyota Rav4",,"Tesla Model Y: Electric Vehicle Kia Telluride: Gas Vehicle Lexus IS250: Gas Vehicle Mustang Mach-e: Electric Vehicle Chevy Bolt: Electric Vehicle Toyota Rav4: Gas Vehicle",classification Why Audi Q5 sportsback is best over its rival,,Audi Q5 is a great car. It's rival Mercedes GLC and BMW X3. Compare to this Audi q5 sportsback is good looking. the Car has enough power to beat these 2 on Hill road because of it's Quattro,brainstorming What are the words of House Lannister?,,"""Hear Me Roar""",open_qa The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is administered to Indian children soon after birth to protect them against which disease?,,The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is administered to Indian children soon after birth to protect them against Tuberculosis,open_qa "Tell me whether each food is from a grain or animal: quinoa, millet, couscous, ribeye steak, pork belly, chicken wing",,"Quinoa: Grain Millet: Grain Couscous: Grain Ribeye Steak: Animal Pork Belly: Animal Chicken Wing: Animal",classification Who was the first president of the United States?,,George Washington was the first president of the United States. He served from 1789 - 1997 and was also a military officer. One of things he is known for is ratifying the US constitution which replaced the articles of confederation. This happened in 1789.,open_qa "Classify the following based on what kind of animals they are. rodentia, chiroptera, lizards, primates, crocodiles, soricomorpha, turtles, snakes",,"Reptiles- lizards, crocodiles, turtles, snakes Mammals- rodentia, chiroptera, soricomorpha, primates",classification Why is the immigration system broken?,,"The immigration system is broken because it is based on outdated policies and procedures, and does not reflect the realities of today's global economy. The current system is too expensive and inefficient, and fails to provide a fair and equitable solution for all migrants.",brainstorming Tell me about Holi and why so many people in the world celebrate it?,"Holi ( /ˈhoʊliː/) is a popular and significant Hindu festival celebrated as the Festival of Colours, Love and Spring. It celebrates the eternal and divine love of the god Radha and Krishna. Additionally, the day also signifies the triumph of good over evil,as it commemorates the victory of Vishnu as Narasimha Narayana over Hiranyakashipu. Holi is originated and is predominantly celebrated in the Indian subcontinent but has also spread to other regions of Asia and parts of the Western world through the Indian diaspora.","Holi is an festival celebrated by Hindus in India. Even though it was originated by Hindu religion, it is celebrated across India irrespective of religion. It has become a notable Indian cultural representation. The reason so many people in the world celebrate it is because India has one of the largest population in the world.",closed_qa Why should I move to New York City?,,"New York, New York, also known as New York City or NYC, is the largest city in the United States. Comprised of 5 boroughs (Manhattan, Staten Island, Brooklyn, Bronx, Queens), each neighborhood has its own distinct culture and purpose that contributes to the energy of the city. Being that it is such a large city, there is something for everyone. It has an incredibly diverse population, a culture of historical culinary tradition with new cuisines arriving every day, a strongly developed art scene for film-lovers, musicians, visual artists, and so much more. There are so many reasons why it is considered a global city. It is incredibly walkable and public transit-friendly, and the green spaces alleviate the concrete jungle that New York is so well-known for. You will meet all types of people here. While the people may be controversially and arguably known for being unfriendly, they are surely kind. It is truly an unmatched experience to live, know, and love the city of New York.",open_qa Extract the dates from the following.,"YouTube has been led by a CEO since its founding in 2005, and has retained this leadership model even after its acquisition by Google. The current CEO is Neal Mohan, who was appointed on February 16, 2023.","February 16, 2023",information_extraction Write a short passage explaining why someone should become a fan of the Pittsburgh Steelers.,,"The Pittsburgh Steelers are one of the great franchises in the National Football League. The Steelers have a rich and storied history, including six Super Bowl victories. The Steelers have been owned by the Rooney family from their inception, and are renowned for their organizational excellence. The Steelers are also known for having a vast global diaspora of fans, all of whom proudly wave and display their ""Terrible Towels"" to cheer on them on. Additionally, their current roster is filled with exciting young talent, including Kenny Pickett, George Pickens, and Najee Harris. The Steelers are also leaders in propagating diversity within their organization, especially within their leadership. Lastly, Mike Tomlin, the head coach of the Pittsburgh Steelers, is a proven winner, and has never had a losing season while coaching the Steelers. The Steelers are a fun team to watch, a fun team to cheer for, and a team that has great pride in their values on and off the field.",creative_writing How many NBA championships does Lebron James have?,,4 nba championships,open_qa Which of the following films came out after 1948?,"La buenaventura (1934) Grand Canary (1934) Tripping Through the Tropics (1934) Tres Amores (1934) El cantante de Napoles (1935) Julieta Buys a Son (1935) Rosa de Francia (1935) El crimen de media noche (1936) El capitan Tormenta (1936) Song of the Gringo (1936) Fiesta (1941) The Face of Marble (1946) Gilda (1946) Two Years Before the Mast (1946) Secret Beyond the Door... (1947) Secret of the Incas (1954) The Rose Tattoo (1955) The Bottom of the Bottle (1956) Lawman (1959 episode ""The Outsider"") as Mrs. Lebeau","Secret of the Incas The Rose Tattoo The Bottom of the Bottle Lawman",information_extraction List the types of cured pork that can be used to make carbonara. Separate them with a comma.,"Carbonara (Italian: [karboˈnaːra]) is a Roman pasta dish made with eggs, hard cheese, cured pork and black pepper. The dish took its modern form and name in the middle of the 20th century. The cheese is usually Pecorino Romano, Parmigiano-Reggiano, or a combination of the two. Spaghetti is the most common pasta, but fettuccine, rigatoni, linguine, or bucatini are also used. Normally guanciale or pancetta are used for the meat component, but lardons of smoked bacon are a common substitute outside Italy.","Guanciale, pancetta, lardons, smoked bacon",information_extraction What is email?,,"Email is form of electronic communication that is distributed between computers over closed and open networks. The internet is the most common network that is used for email communication. Email services that are very popular are gmail, outook, protonmail, and yahoo mail. Major fortune 500 companies all use email communication in one form or another to help their companies and people all be more productive and deliver results faster.",open_qa Who discovered the harmonic distribution?,"In probability theory and statistics, the harmonic distribution is a continuous probability distribution. It was discovered by Étienne Halphen, who had become interested in the statistical modeling of natural events. His practical experience in data analysis motivated him to pioneer a new system of distributions that provided sufficient flexibility to fit a large variety of data sets. Halphen restricted his search to distributions whose parameters could be estimated using simple statistical approaches.",Étienne Halphen,information_extraction Why is Africa the least wealthy continent per capita?,"Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both aspects. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surface area. With 1.4 billion people as of 2021, it accounts for about 18% of the world's human population. Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents; the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. Despite a wide range of natural resources, Africa is the least wealthy continent per capita and second-least wealthy by total wealth, behind Oceania. Scholars have attributed this to different factors including geography, climate, tribalism, colonialism, the Cold War, neocolonialism, lack of democracy, and corruption. Despite this low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion and the large and young population make Africa an important economic market in the broader global context.","Africa is the least wealthy continent per capita due to a variety of factors including: geography, climate, tribalism, colonialism, the Cold War, neocolonialism, lack of democracy, and corruption.",summarization Is Britain the only country that drives on the left-hand side of the road?,,Britain is not the only country that drives on the left-hand side of the road. Approximately a third of the global population drives on the left.,open_qa "Who is Frank Lloyd Wright, and why is he famous?","Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator. He designed more than 1,000 structures over a creative period of 70 years. Wright played a key role in the architectural movements of the twentieth century, influencing architects worldwide through his works and hundreds of apprentices in his Taliesin Fellowship. Wright believed in designing in harmony with humanity and the environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture. This philosophy was exemplified in Fallingwater (1935), which has been called ""the best all-time work of American architecture"". Wright was the pioneer of what came to be called the Prairie School movement of architecture and also developed the concept of the Usonian home in Broadacre City, his vision for urban planning in the United States. He also designed original and innovative offices, churches, schools, skyscrapers, hotels, museums, and other commercial projects. Wright-designed interior elements (including leaded glass windows, floors, furniture and even tableware) were integrated into these structures. He wrote several books and numerous articles and was a popular lecturer in the United States and in Europe. Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as ""the greatest American architect of all time"". In 2019, a selection of his work became a listed World Heritage Site as The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright. Raised in rural Wisconsin, Wright studied civil engineering at the University of Wisconsin and then apprenticed in Chicago, briefly with Joseph Lyman Silsbee, and then with Louis Sullivan at Adler & Sullivan. Wright opened his own successful Chicago practice in 1893 and established a studio in his Oak Park, Illinois home in 1898. His fame increased and his personal life sometimes made headlines: leaving his first wife Catherine Tobin for Mamah Cheney in 1909; the murder of Mamah and her children and others at his Taliesin estate by a staff member in 1914; his tempestuous marriage with second wife Miriam Noel (m. 1923–1927); and his courtship and marriage with Olgivanna Lazović (m. 1928–1959).",Frank Lloyd Wright continues to be an inspiration in architecture around the United States and many of his originally designed buildings and structures stand today.,closed_qa What are the major producing regions of figs around the world today?,"Traditional dried fruit such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots and apples have been a staple of Mediterranean diets for millennia. This is due partly to their early cultivation in the Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt. Drying or dehydration also happened to be the earliest form of food preservation: grapes, dates, and figs that fell from the tree or vine would dry in the hot sun. Early hunter-gatherers observed that these fallen fruit took on an edible form, and valued them for their stability as well as their concentrated sweetness. The earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC, which contain what are probably the oldest known written recipes. These clay slabs, written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia, were inscribed in cuneiform and tell of diets based on grains (barley, millet, wheat), vegetables and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, pomegranates, and grapes. These early civilizations used dates, date juice evaporated into syrup and raisins as sweeteners. They included dried fruits in their breads for which they had more than 300 recipes, from simple barley bread for the workers to very elaborate, spiced cakes with honey for the palaces and temples. The date palm was one of the first cultivated trees. It was domesticated in Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago. It grew abundantly in the Fertile Crescent and it was so productive (an average date palm produces 50 kg (100 lbs) of fruit a year for 60 years or more) that dates were the cheapest of staple foods. Because they were so valuable, they were well recorded in Assyrian and Babylonian monuments and temples. The villagers in Mesopotamia dried them and ate them as sweets. Whether fresh, soft-dried or hard-dried, they helped to give character to meat dishes and grain pies. They were valued by travelers for their energy and were recommended as stimulants against fatigue. Figs were also prized in early Mesopotamia, Palestine, Israel, and Egypt where their daily use was probably greater than or equal to that of dates. As well as appearing in wall paintings, many specimens have been found in Egyptian tombs as funerary offerings. In Greece and Crete, figs grew very readily and they were the staple of poor and rich alike, particularly in their dried form. Grape cultivation first began in Armenia and the eastern regions of the Mediterranean in the 4th century BC. Raisins were produced by drying grapes in the hot desert sun. Very quickly, viticulture and raisin production spread across northern Africa including Morocco and Tunisia. The Phoenicians and the Egyptians popularized the production of raisins, probably due to the perfect arid environment for sun drying. They put them in jars for storage and allotted them to the different temples by the thousands. They also added them to breads and various pastries, some made with honey, some with milk and eggs. From the Middle East, these fruits spread through Greece to Italy where they became a major part of the diet. Ancient Romans consumed raisins in spectacular quantities and at all levels of society, including them as a key part of their common meals, along with olives and fresh fruits. Raisined breads were common for breakfast and were consumed with their grains, beans, and cultured milks. Raisins were so valued that they transcended the food realm and became rewards for successful athletes, as well as premium barter currency. Having dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: ""She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year."" Figs were also extremely popular in Rome. Dried figs were added to bread and formed a major part of the winter food of country people. They were rubbed with spices such as cumin, anise and fennel seeds, or toasted sesame, wrapped in fig leaves and stored in jars. Today, major producing regions include Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza and many other Arabic countries. Dried figs are rich in vitamins, phosphorus and various other important minerals. Plums, apricots and peaches had their origins in Asia. They were domesticated in China in the 3rd millennium BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were also very popular, fresh and dried alike. They arrived in Greece and Italy much later and were very expensive but valued in the preparation of gourmet dishes with port or stewed with honey and spices.","Today, major producing regions of fig include Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza and many other Arabic countries. Dried figs are rich in vitamins, phosphorus and various other important minerals.",information_extraction "Tell a story with the following: A guy that lives in San Jose California, he is a data scientist, he is in his mid 40's and he is aspiring to build an LLM model that will change the world",,"John is a data scientist living in San Jose California. He is in his mid 40s and has always been passionate about data science. He has always dreamed of creating a model that would revolutionize the world, but he has been struggling to find the right approach. One day, John stumbled across a book that discussed a new way of approaching data science. He read it and was amazed by the concepts presented in the book. He immediately started to apply the ideas in the book and soon realized that he had found his calling. He quickly put together an LLM model that was capable of solving some of the most difficult data science problems. John shared his model with the world and it quickly became a success. He was able to solve some of the most complex data science problems and he was able to prove that his model was better than any other model available. John was able to change the world and he is now considered one of the most successful data scientists in the world.",creative_writing Who is William Shakespeare,"William Shakespeare (bapt. 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the ""Bard of Avon"" (or simply ""the Bard""). His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, three long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. He remains arguably the most influential writer in the English language, and his works continue to be studied and reinterpreted.","Many experts agree William Shakespeare is the most important author in the English language. Although, this is a hotly debated topic, he is still the best known from the Elizabethan period. He has written many plays. His most famous tragedy is Hamlet. He also wrote much poetry in the form of Sonnets. Arguably, the most interesting sonnet by William Shakespeare is Sonnet 95.",closed_qa What is graph theory?,"In mathematics, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of vertices (also called nodes or points) which are connected by edges (also called links or lines). A distinction is made between undirected graphs, where edges link two vertices symmetrically, and directed graphs, where edges link two vertices asymmetrically. Graphs are one of the principal objects of study in discrete mathematics.","Graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects.",closed_qa How did the introduction of broadband in India in the early 2000s impact Indian movie culture?,,"The introduction of broadband in India in the early 2000s gave them access to a wide range of popular Hollywood classics that were previously unavailable to them. This was due in part to the rise of P2P file sharing, which allowed users to download large files from other users over the internet. As a result, many Indians were able to watch films by directors such as Quentin Tarantino, Martin Scorsese, and Sidney Lumet for the first time. This had a significant impact on Indian movie culture, as it exposed viewers to new and different styles of filmmaking.",open_qa write a short essay on California wild fire,,"California is known for its hot, dry summers, which increase the risk of wildfires. Every year, the state experiences dozens of fires, which can be devastating to both the environment and people's homes and businesses. In recent years, California has seen some of the worst wildfires in its history, with tens of thousands of acres of land destroyed and hundreds of homes lost. These fires are often started by a combination of high temperatures, dry conditions, and strong winds, which can quickly spread flames and make them difficult to control. The effects of these fires are felt not just by those directly impacted, but by everyone in the state. Smoke and ash from the fires can cause respiratory problems and other health issues, and the destruction of habitats can harm wildlife populations and disrupt entire ecosystems. Despite the challenges, California has made significant progress in fighting wildfires in recent years. The state has invested in new technologies and equipment to help firefighters respond more quickly and effectively to fires, and has increased efforts to prevent fires from starting in the first place. While wildfires will likely always be a risk in California, the state's proactive approach to managing them gives hope that we can continue to protect people, wildlife, and the environment from their devastating effects.",creative_writing Why is my car making a funny noise?,,"There are many reasons why vehicles make abnormal noises. It is recommended that a mechanic is involved to take a look at the car. Potential problems may include: broken transmission, old brakes, battery needs to be replaced, an old or flat tire.",brainstorming what is quantum computer?,"A quantum computer is a computer that exploits quantum mechanical phenomena. At small scales, physical matter exhibits properties of both particles and waves, and quantum computing leverages this behavior using specialized hardware. Classical physics cannot explain the operation of these quantum devices, and a scalable quantum computer could perform some calculations exponentially faster than any modern ""classical"" computer. In particular, a large-scale quantum computer could break widely used encryption schemes and aid physicists in performing physical simulations; however, the current state of the art is still largely experimental and impractical.",A quantum computer is a computer use quantum mechanical phenomena to conduction the calculation. The current state of the art is still largely experimental a,information_extraction Do Africans share the same origin and culture?,"The Culture of Africa is varied and manifold, consisting of a mixture of countries with various tribes that each have their unique characteristic from the continent of Africa. It is a product of the diverse populations that inhabit the continent of Africa and the African diaspora. Generally, Culture can be defined as a collective mass of distinctive qualities belonging to a certain group of people. These qualities include laws, morals, beliefs, knowledge, art, customs, and any other attributes belonging to a member of that society. Africa has numerous ethnic nationalities all with varying qualities such as language, dishes, greetings, and dances. However, all African peoples share a series of dominant cultural traits which distinguish African Culture from the rest of the world. For example, social values, religion, morals, political values, economics, and aesthetic values all contribute to African Culture. Expressions of culture are abundant within Africa, with large amounts of cultural diversity being found not only across different countries but also within single countries. Even though African cultures are widely diverse, they are also, when closely studied, seen to have many similarities; for example, the morals they uphold, their love and respect for their culture, as well as the strong respect they hold for the aged and the important, i.e. kings and chiefs.","No, Africa is a multicultural continent, with many diverse ethnic groups. While these ethnic groups don't share the same origin, many of these groups share similar cultural traits such as social values and religious values. They also generally have high regard for their elderly and tribal leaders.",summarization Please provide a brief summary of Le Souvenir français.,"Le Souvenir français is a French association for maintaining war memorials and war memory, comparable to the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Médaille du Souvenir Français.gif It was created in 1887 in the departments of Alsace and Lorraine. Young women in traditional dress had been furtively placing cockades on soldiers' tombs. An Alsatian professor, Xavier Niessen, against Prussian orders in these departments, was keen to show his membership of the French fatherland and thought that remembering those who had died for France allowed the feeling of national unity to be maintained. Thus, on 7 March 1888 he summoned the French to join his new association, which then had a highly active period. It is one of France's oldest associations d’utilité publique (being recognised as such on 1 February 1906) and has three aims: to conserve the memory of those who have died for France to maintain memorials to France's war dead to hand down the memory of them to future generations Many of its supporters were mobilised in the First World War, with the remaining ones looking after war graves and accompanying the families of the war dead on visits to them. The association was then in charge of 88,000 burials from the Franco-Prussian War and could only handle 1,700,000 burials of dead from the First World War. Thus the law of 31 July 1920 created the ""service national des sépultures"", took charge of military cemeteries and organised nationals necropolises. After the Second World War general Lacapelle, president of Le Souvenir Français, demanded the identification of 100,000 French soldiers who had died the battle of France and the maintenance of their tombs. It has a general delegation by department, around 1,450 local committees in France and 52 foreign delegations. It now has 130,000 active members.","Le Souvenir français is a French association for maintaining war memorials and war memory, created in 1887 in Alsace and Lorraine. It has three aims: to conserve the memory of those who have died for France, maintain memorials to France's war dead, and hand down the memory of them to future generations. It has a general delegation by department, 1,450 local committees in France and 52 foreign delegations, and now has 130,000 active members.",summarization Give me some great quotes about surviving in the wild.,,"Some memorable quotes about survival include: ""If you live among wolves you have to act like a wolf."" - Nikita Khrushchev; ""I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately… and see if I could not learn what it had to teach.” - Henry David Thoreau: ""Hunger, love, pain, fear are some of those inner forces which rule the individual’s instinct for self-preservation.” - Albert Einstein; ""Extraordinary people survive under the most terrible circumstances and they become more extraordinary because of it.” - Robertson Davies; ""If quick, I survive. If not quick, I am lost. This is ‘death.'"" - Sun Tzu and; ""Courage is not having the strength to go on; it is going on when you don’t have the strength.” - Theodore Roosevelt.",brainstorming Why is Utah a top destination for skiing,,"Utah is a top destination for all types of snow based activities including skiing, snowboarding, cross country skiing and snowmobiling. Utah snowstorms produce some of the best snow in the country based on Utah's average snow density, resulting from quick-change temperature fluctuations. Utah is home to big mountains, thousands of acres of skiable terrain, and everything from top rated ski resorts to small local hills. Utah's most visited ski resorts include: Snowbird, Deer Valley, Park City, Alta and Snowbasin.",creative_writing tell me about the three body problem novel,"The Three-Body Problem (Chinese: 三体; lit. 'Three-Body') is a science fiction novel written by the Chinese writer Liu Cixin. The title refers to the three-body problem in orbital mechanics. It is the first novel of the Remembrance of Earth's Past (Chinese: 地球往事) trilogy, but the whole series is often referred to as Three-Body. The trilogy's second and third novels are The Dark Forest and Death's End, respectively. The first volume of The Three-Body Problem was originally serialized in Science Fiction World in 2006 and published as a standalone book in 2008, becoming one of the most successful Chinese science fiction novels of the last two decades. The novel received the Chinese Science Fiction Yinhe (""Galaxy"") Award in 2006 along with many more over the years. By 2015, a Chinese film adaptation of the same name was in production. The English translation by Ken Liu was published by Tor Books in 2014. Thereafter, it became the first Asian novel ever to win a Hugo Award for Best Novel, and was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel. The series portrays a fictional past, present and future where, in the first book, Earth encounters an alien civilization in a nearby star system that consists of three solar-type stars orbiting each other in an unstable three-body system.","Three body problem is a breaking through science friction book written by Cixin Liu，a chinese novelist. The book has a macro imagination and profound perspective about human beings, society , nature and the entire universe. It is considered the number one science fiction book in China.",closed_qa Why is basketball the fastest growing sport in the world?,,"Basketball is the fastest growing sport in the world because of the growth the NBA has had globally over the past few years. With popularity rising in other countries like China, India, Africa and many more it has seen a boom in many talented players who has come from different parts of the world. It will continue to grow as current NBA stars such as Lebron James and Stephen Curry have become global ambassadors of the sport.",open_qa "Given the following paragraph on the water cycle, what forms of precipitation do exist?","Most water vapors found mostly in the ocean returns to it, but winds carry water vapor over land at the same rate as runoff into the sea, about 47 Tt per year whilst evaporation and transpiration happening in land masses also contribute another 72 Tt per year. Precipitation, at a rate of 119 Tt per year over land, has several forms: most commonly rain, snow, and hail, with some contribution from fog and dew. Dew is small drops of water that are condensed when a high density of water vapor meets a cool surface. Dew usually forms in the morning when the temperature is the lowest, just before sunrise and when the temperature of the earth's surface starts to increase. Condensed water in the air may also refract sunlight to produce rainbows.","Water can precipitate in the form of rain, snow, and hail as well as in the form of fog and dew. Rain is the most common form of precipitation.",closed_qa What is separation anxiety in dogs?,"Separation anxiety in dogs describes a condition in which a dog exhibits distress and behavior problems when separated from its handler. Separation anxiety typically manifests within minutes of departure of the handler. It is not fully understood why some dogs suffer from separation anxiety and others do not. The diagnosis process often leads to a misdiagnosis as it is difficult to differentiate from other medical and behavioral problems. The behavior may be secondary to an underlying medical condition. With chronic stress, impairments to physiological health can manifest. Increased stress in the dog alters hormone levels, thus decreasing natural immunity to various health problems. Signs and symptoms Dogs suffering from separation anxiety typically exhibit these behaviors: Following handler excessively Pacing Excessive salivating Excessive shaking (usually seen in smaller breeds like the Chihuahua and Yorkshire Terrier) Vomiting Destructive chewing Barking, howling, whining Urination, defecation in the house Coprophagia Self harm Digging and scratching at doors or windows in an attempt to reunite with the handler Escaping Anorexia Overactivity (excessive greeting, restlessness) Cause The cause of dog separation anxiety is unknown, but may be triggered by: a traumatic event a change in routine major life change (e.g., new home, new baby, death of a family member, abandonment to a shelter) extreme attachment or dependency on the owner","Separation anxiety in dogs describes a condition in which a dog exhibits distress and behavior problems when separated from its handler. It can be triggered by traumatic events such as being bitten by other dogs, being mistreated, changes in routes, and major life changes such as new pets or children being added to the family. It it is not fully understood why some dogs suffer from separation anxiety. The diagnosis process often leads to a misdiagnosis as it is difficult to differentiate from other medical and behavioral problems. The behavior may be secondary to an underlying medical condition. With chronic stress, impairments to physiological health can manifest. Increased stress in the dog alters hormone levels, thus decreasing natural immunity to various health problems.",information_extraction Where was the 2017 European Judo Championships held,,The men's 90 kg competition at the 2017 European Judo Championships in Warsaw was held on 22 April at the Torwar Hall.,open_qa "Provide a short review for a Japanese restaurant called Honto in Brisbane. It was a little hard to find as it is in a backstreet, but we found it without too much trouble. Be sure to mention it was very atmospheric and that the food was great.",,Dining at Honto was an especially memorable experience for us. The space was atmospheric and the Japanese food served was exceptional. It is surely one of Brisbane's best kept secrets.,creative_writing Why is the Pacific NorthWest so unique?,,"The Pacific NorthWest (PNW) is indeed a unique location for living. It combines several good qualities including job opportunities, outdoor activities and amazing scenery. The PNW is also home for a lot of transplants from other locations bringing together very diverse and rich cultures.",open_qa What are some common types of lettuce used in salad and other dishes?,,"Common types of lettuce used in salads and other dishes include iceberg lettuce, butter lettuce, red leaf lettuce, green lettuce, frisee, endive, escarole, arugula, spring mix, and baby kale.",brainstorming Who was the quarterback for the Denver Broncos when they won their first Super Bowl and what was his number?,,His name was John Elway and he wore #7,open_qa "Classify each of the shapes as having 3, 4, or 5 sides: square, rectangle, pentagon, rhombus, triangle",,"Square: 4 Sides Rectangle: 4 Sides Pentagon: 5 Sides Rhombus: 4 Sides Triangle: 3 Sides",classification Which is a species of fish? Black Mamba or Black Sea Bass,,Black Sea Bass,classification Who is the current manager of Arsenal Football Club?,,The current manager of Arsenal Football Club is Mikel Arteta,open_qa What are the benefits of audio books over physical books?,,"Audio books can be beneficial for multiple reasons. For one, the exist digitally on your phone in the cloud so there is no physical book that would need to be carried around. This makes is much easier for the listener to have a book with them without carrying a physical book. Additionally, audio books can be consumed when someone is not able to hold a physical book like when they are driving or riding a bike. This allows the reader to enjoy a book during a variety of activities. These are a few reasons why some people enjoy audio books.",open_qa What are the benefits of working with a coach?,,"Working with a coach can help you move quicker and effectively towards achieving your goals. A coach can help you set the right goals, facilitate creating a plan of action to work towards your goals and help you stay accountable to taking actions that will lead you towards achieving your goals.",open_qa "Identify the bird from the list: Mouse, Balearic shearwater, Giraffe",,Balearic shearwater,classification What did the 0 say to the 8?,,Nice belt!,open_qa Which months have 30 days?,,"April, June, September and November have 30 days.",brainstorming "Given a reference text about the Victoria Inn, who built it and when was it sold?","Victoria Inn is a heritage-listed former hotel and restaurant at 20-22 Jellore Street, Berrima, Wingecarribee Shire, New South Wales, Australia. It is also known as Queen Victoria Inn and Allington. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. History The inn was built by Joseph Levy, an ex-convict turned prominent businessman, and was first licensed in 1840, operating as both an inn and brewery. Philip Solomon was the initial licensee. There is evidence in an early painting that the building once had a verandah. It was sold early in 1863, and no record of it operating as an inn in its original incarnation appears thereafter. An 1868 report refers to it in the past-tense, but notes that its stables were still in use by Cobb and Co. It later became a residence known as Allington and became the surgery of Dr. George Lambert in 1876. It operated as ""Arlington House"" or ""Arlington Inn"" for a period c. 1960s, but had resumed its original name by the late 1970s. The stables and boarding house were later refurbished as a restaurant, operating as the Victoria Inn Restaurant. It hosted Governor-General of Australia Zelman Cowen in 1986. It is no longer in operation.",The Victoria Inn was built by Joseph Levy and was sold in early 1863.,closed_qa What book won the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1990?,,Hyperion by Dan Simmons,open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the per capita coffee consumption in kg for Belgium.","Nordic countries are the highest coffee-consuming nations when measured per capita, with consumption in Finland as the world's highest. Finland – 26.45 lb (12.00 kg) Norway – 21.82 lb (9.90 kg) Iceland – 19.84 lb (9.00 kg) Denmark – 19.18 lb (8.70 kg) Netherlands – 18.52 lb (8.40 kg) Sweden – 18.00 lb (8.16 kg) Switzerland – 17.42 lb (7.90 kg) Belgium – 15.00 lb (6.80 kg) Luxembourg – 14.33 lb (6.50 kg) Canada – 14.33 lb (6.50 kg)",Belgium consumes 6.80 kg of coffee per capita.,information_extraction "When did Singapore gain independence, and who was the first President?","After being expelled from Malaysia, Singapore became independent as the Republic of Singapore on 9 August 1965, with Lee Kuan Yew and Yusof bin Ishak as the first prime minister and president respectively. In 1967, the country co-founded the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Race riots broke out once more in 1969. Lee Kuan Yew's emphasis on rapid economic growth, support for business entrepreneurship, and limitations on internal democracy shaped Singapore's policies for the next half-century. Economic growth continued throughout the 1980s, with the unemployment rate falling to 3% and real GDP growth averaging at about 8% up until 1999. During the 1980s, Singapore began to shift towards high-tech industries, such as the wafer fabrication sector, in order to remain competitive as neighbouring countries began manufacturing with cheaper labour. Singapore Changi Airport was opened in 1981 and Singapore Airlines was formed. The Port of Singapore became one of the world's busiest ports and the service and tourism industries also grew immensely during this period.","Singapore became independent on 9 August 1965, and the first president was Yusof bin Ishak.",information_extraction What are some physical health benefits from doing strength training exercises?,"Strength training also provides functional benefits. Stronger muscles improve posture, provide better support for joints, and reduce the risk of injury from everyday activities. Progressive resistance training may improve function, quality of life and reduce pain in people at risk of fracture, with rare adverse effects. Weight-bearing exercise also helps to prevent osteoporosis and to improve bone strength in those with osteoporosis. For many people in rehabilitation or with an acquired disability, such as following stroke or orthopaedic surgery, strength training for weak muscles is a key factor to optimize recovery.","Some examples of physical benefits from strength training include improve posture, better joint support, and reduced risk of injury from everyday activities. In addition, strength training exercises have also been shown to help prevent osteoporosis and improve overall bone strength.",closed_qa Without quoting directly from the text give me a summary of what skateboarding is.,"Skateboarding is an action sport originating in the United States that involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard, as well as a recreational activity, an art form, an entertainment industry job, and a method of transportation. Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years. A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue, with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world.","Skateboarding is an action sport originating in the United States that involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard, as well as a recreational activity, an art form, an entertainment industry job, and a method of transportation. Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years. A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue, with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world. In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding would be represented at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, for both male and female teams. Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and more recently, scooters. However, skateboarding has become controversial in areas in which the activity, although illegal, has damaged curbs, stoneworks, steps, benches, plazas, and parks.",summarization Why is the SEC the best football conference in America?,,The SEC is the best conference for several reasons. The National champion has come from the SEC 13 times since 2006. The fan bases are unmatched in their love for football and the honest truth is that football is a way of life in the SEC.,classification When did Google purchase YouTube,"In October 2006, YouTube was bought by Google for $1.65 billion. Google's ownership of YouTube expanded the site's business model, expanding from generating revenue from advertisements alone to offering paid content such as movies and exclusive content produced by YouTube. It also offers YouTube Premium, a paid subscription option for watching content without ads. YouTube also approved creators to participate in Google's AdSense program, which seeks to generate more revenue for both parties. YouTube reported revenue of $29.2 billion in 2022. In 2021, YouTube's annual advertising revenue increased to $28.8 billion, an increase in revenue of 9 billion from the previous year.",Google purchased YouTube in October 2006 for $1.65 billion,closed_qa Why sport cricket is so famous?,,"Cricket is a very interesting and engaging sport which is celebrated vastly in many nations like India, Australia, England, South Africa etc. Because of the popularity of cricket, it attracts big sponsors and investments globally",open_qa "Which of these foods are likely to cause allergic reactions among humans: milk, peanuts, rice, grapes, wheat, lettuce, mint.",,"Foods likely to cause allergies: milk, peanuts, wheat.",classification What are some of the oldest civilizations starting?,,"The oldest known urban civilization dates back 4000-3500 B.C and is known as Mesopotamia (meaning, between two rivers) which is modern day Iraq, Kuwait and Syria. Some of the Mesopotamian advancements includes Code of Hammurabi, Babylonian astronomy and the base 60 numeric system (that became the foundation of 60-second, 60 minute and 360-degree circle. Ancient Egyptian civilization(3100 BC) which was one of the most powerful empires that existed for almost 3000 years. It was based around the Nile river which today would extend from Syria to Sudan. Apart from the pyramids, they are famous for tombs, mummification and mausoleums. They also developed the 24-hour day along with 365 days calendar. The civilization ended around 332 B.C when Alexander the Great conquered it successfully. Around 2500 B.C., thrived the Indus valley civilization. The name comes from the Indus river valley that comprises modern day India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. It is deemed to be one of the most sophisticated civilization with organized city planning with proper sewage and water supply systems. They were also extremely prolific inventors giving standardized weights and measures, metallurgy with copper, bronze, lead, and tin and seal carving. There is still debate among the historians and there are certain studies that suggests that Indus valley civilization might have pre-dated both ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian. Irrespective, there is more unknown than known about this civilization. It is believed that climate change caused the decline of this extremely future forward civilization around 1700 B.C.",open_qa Is it safe to look at the sun directly?,,"No, it is not safe to look directly at the sun as it can cause damage to the eyes",open_qa What are the strongest mobs in the online game called Minecraft?,,"The strongest Minecraft mobs are Wither, Ender Dragon, and Warden.",open_qa What activities are popular among tourists visiting the Texas barrier islands?,"The Texas barrier islands are a chain of barrier islands in the Gulf of Mexico along the Texas Gulf Coast. The islands enclose a series of estuaries along the Texas coast and attract tourists for activities such as recreational fishing and dolphin watching. The seven barrier islands, listed from northeast to southwest, are Galveston Island, Follet's Island, Matagorda Island, San José Island, Mustang Island, Padre Island, and Brazos Island.",Tourists enjoy activities such as recreational fishing and dolphin watching when visiting the Texas barrier islands.,information_extraction "In the following text, identify the key commanders and leaders of the Buddhist Uprising of 1966, extract their roles, and place them in a bulleted list.","The Buddhist Uprising of 1966 (Vietnamese: Nổi dậy Phật giáo 1966), or more widely known in Vietnam as the Crisis in Central Vietnam (Vietnamese: Biến động Miền Trung), was a period of civil and military unrest in South Vietnam, largely focused in the I Corps area in the north of the country in central Vietnam. The area is a heartland of Vietnamese Buddhism, and at the time, activist Buddhist monks and civilians were at the forefront of opposition to a series of military juntas that had been ruling the nation, as well as prominently questioning the escalation of the Vietnam War. During the rule of the Catholic Ngô Đình Diệm, the discrimination against the majority Buddhist population generated the growth of Buddhist institutions as they sought to participate in national politics and gain better treatment. In 1965, after a series of military coups that followed the fall of the Diệm regime in 1963, Air Marshal Nguyễn Cao Kỳ and General Nguyễn Văn Thiệu finally established a stable junta, holding the positions of Prime Minister and figurehead Chief of State respectively. The Kỳ-Thiệu regime was initially almost a feudal system, being more of an alliance of warlords than a state as each corps commander ruled his area as his own fiefdom, handing some of the taxes they collected over to the government in Saigon and keeping the rest for themselves. During that time, suspicion and tension continued between the Buddhist and Catholic factions in Vietnamese society. The religious factor combined with a power struggle between Kỳ and General Nguyễn Chánh Thi, the commander of I Corps, a Buddhist local to the region and popular in the area. Thi was a strong-willed officer regarded as a capable commander, and Kỳ saw him as a threat, as did others within the junta. In February 1966, Kỳ attended a summit in Honolulu, where he became convinced that he now had American support to move against Thi, the strongest and most able of the corps commanders. In March 1966, Kỳ fired Thi and ordered him into exile in the United States under the false pretense of medical treatment. This prompted both civilians and some I Corps units to launch widespread civil protests against Kỳ's regime and halt military operations against Viet Cong. Kỳ gambled by allowing Thi to return to I Corps before departing for the US, but the arrival of the general to his native area only fuelled anti-Kỳ sentiment. The Buddhist activists, students and Thi loyalists in the military coalesced into the ""Struggle Movement"", calling for a return to civilian rule and elections. Meanwhile, Thi stayed in I Corps and did not leave; strikes and protests stopped civilian activity in the area, government radio stations were taken over and used for anti-Kỳ campaigning, and military operations ceased. Riots also spread to the capital Saigon and other cities further south. At the start of April, Kỳ decided to move. He declared that Da Nang, the main centre in I Corps, was under communist control and publicly vowed to kill the mayor, who had expressed support for the Struggle Movement. Kỳ moved military forces into the city and travelled there to prepare for an assault, but had to withdraw and then start discussions with Buddhist leaders, as it was obvious that he was not strong enough to crush the opposition. In the meantime, he fired Thi's successor Nguyễn Văn Chuân because he wanted a firmer attempt to regain control, and appointed Tôn Thất Đính to replace him. Đính claimed to have calmed the situation, but Kỳ viewed the situation as appeasement, and on May 15, his forces drove off Đính and took over. During the previous month, American forces had also become involved in the stand-off, and the Struggle Movement viewed their participation as biased towards Kỳ, leading to some tense confrontations. In the second half of May, Kỳ's forces began to force the issue and gradually wore down the Struggle Movement as the rebel I Corps forces were worn down, despite some American objections that his aggressive attacks had the potential to cause too much collateral damage. At one stage, Kỳ's forces ended up in a skirmish with American forces, and later, the Americans were in the middle of a stand-off between the Vietnamese factions regarding a mined bridge. As Kỳ's forces took back Da Nang and Huế in street fighting, Struggle Movement supporters saw American intervention as being pro-Kỳ, and anti-US riots resulted in some American buildings being burnt down. Kỳ's triumph ended the Buddhist movement's influence on politics and he confined their leader Thích Trí Quang to house arrest thereafter, while Thi left for the United States.","-- Nguyễn Cao Kỳ: Air Marshal of South Vietnam leading up to the Buddhist Uprising of 1966. Alongside Nguyễn Văn Thiệu in 1965, he established a stable junta known as the Kỳ-Thiệu regime and held the position of Prime Minister. This junta felt threatened Commander Thi of the I Corps, forcing his exile as a result. Thi's exile sparked widespread civil unrest known as the ""Struggle Movement"". In the end, Kỳ triumphed over the Buddhist Uprising, ending the Buddhist movement's influence on local politics. -- Nguyễn Chánh Thi: General of South Vietnam leading up to the Buddhist Uprising of 1966. The commander of the I Corps, Thi was a a Buddhist local to the region and popular in the area. He was viewed as a strong-willed officer regarded as a capable commander. Thi was seen as a threat by the Kỳ-Thiệu junta, and was exiled to the United States as a result by Kỳ. His exile sparked widespread civil unrest known as the ""Struggle Movement"". Thi returned to South Vietnam to help lead the Buddhist Uprising. In the end, Thi's was defeated, resulting in his return to exile to the United States.",information_extraction Could a nuclear explosion change the Earth's rotation?,,"Nuclear explosions release more energy than anything else that humans do. Luckily, the energy released by a nuclear blast is only about one trillionth of the power of the Earth spinning. Scientists compare it to trying to slow the speed of a truck by crashing it into a mosquito.",open_qa Is crocodile a reptile or an amphibian?,,"Crocodiles are reptiles. While they live both on land and in water, that in itself doesn't make them an amphibian. It lacks other amphibian characteristics, like a moist, glandular skin that lacks scales and feathers. While a crocodile, like a reptile, has dry, scaly skin that helps prevent water loss and provides them protection. They lay their eggs on ground.",classification "Identify which car manufacturer is French or American: Renault, RAM",,"RAM is American, Renault is French",classification What are some great comets named after people?,,"Great comets named after people: - Aristotle's Comet - Caesar's Comet - Donati's Comet - Halley's Comet - Comet Skjellerup–Maristany - Comet Arend–Roland - Comet Mrkos - Comet Ikeya–Seki - Comet Bennett - Comet Kohoutek - Comet West - Comet Hyakutake - Comet Hale–Bopp - Comet McNaught - Comet Lovejoy",brainstorming "From the passage provided, extract the low end in Celsius of the optimal coffee extraction temperature range.","Coffee beans must be ground and brewed to create a beverage. The criteria for choosing a method include flavor and economy. Almost all methods of preparing coffee require that the beans be ground and then mixed with hot water long enough to allow the flavor to emerge but not so long as to draw out bitter compounds. The liquid can be consumed after the spent grounds are removed. Brewing considerations include the fineness of the grind, how the water is used to extract the flavor, the ratio of coffee grounds to water (the brew ratio), additional flavorings such as sugar, milk, and spices, and the technique to be used to separate spent grounds. Optimal coffee extraction occurs between 91 and 96 °C (196 and 205 °F). Ideal holding temperatures range from 85 to 88 °C (185 to 190 °F) to as high as 93 °C (199 °F) and the ideal serving temperature is 68 to 79 °C (154 to 174 °F).",The low end of the optimal coffee extraction temperature range is 91 °C.,information_extraction "Classify each of the following as vertical or horizontal: balance beam, light pole, tree, barbell, floor, wall",,"Balance Beam: Horizontal Light Pole: Vertical Tree: Vertical Barbell: Horizontal Floor: Horizontal Wall: Vertical",classification "Classify each of the following exercises as cardio or weights: bench press, running, cycling, squat, jump roping, curl",,"Bench Press: Weights Running: Cardio Cycling: Cardio Squat: Weights Jump Roping: Cardio Curl: Weights",classification "According to this paragraph, tell me what is referred to as the most exciting collegiate sporting event.","In 2019, Virginia men's basketball won the NCAA Championship in ""March Madness"", the single-elimination national college basketball tournament considered by YouGov polled American viewers (as of the same year) to be the most exciting collegiate sporting event. In 2015, when Virginia first won its first Capital One Cup its teams won the 2014 College Cup, the 2015 College World Series, and the 2015 NCAA Tennis Championships. When it repeated the feat in 2019, the program won both March Madness and the 2019 Men's Lacrosse Championship.",What is referred to as the most exciting collegiate sporting event is when the Virginia men's basketball team won the NCAA Championship in 2019.,closed_qa "Given this paragraph about the Golden Records, tell me what it is, where it is heading, who/when created it.","The Voyager Golden Records are two phonograph records that were included aboard both Voyager spacecraft launched in 1977. The records contain sounds and images selected to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth, and are intended for any intelligent extraterrestrial life form who may find them. The records are a time capsule. Although neither Voyager spacecraft is heading toward any particular star, Voyager 1 will pass within 1.6 light-years' distance of the star Gliese 445, currently in the constellation Camelopardalis, in about 40,000 years. Carl Sagan noted that ""The spacecraft will be encountered and the record played only if there are advanced space-faring civilizations in interstellar space, but the launching of this 'bottle' into the cosmic 'ocean' says something very hopeful about life on this planet."" The contents of the record were selected for NASA by a committee chaired by Carl Sagan of Cornell University. The selection of content for the record took almost a year. Sagan and his associates assembled 115 images and a variety of natural sounds, such as those made by surf, wind, thunder and animals (including the songs of birds and whales). To this they added audio content to represent humanity: spoken greetings in 55 ancient and modern languages, including a spoken greeting in English by U.N. Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim and a greeting by Sagan's six-year-old son, Nick; other human sounds, like footsteps and laughter (Sagan's); the inspirational message Per aspera ad astra in Morse code; and musical selections from different cultures and eras. The record also includes a printed message from U.S. president Jimmy Carter.","The Voyager Golden Records was created by NASA committee and chaired by Carl Sagan launched in 1977 heading to any particular star passing within 1.6 light-years' distance of the star Gliese 445, currently in the constellation Camelopardalis, in about 40,000 years. The contents provided depict diversity of life and culture on Earth through sounds and images.",closed_qa Classify if the following are hollywood or bollywood movies: Zanjeer; The Shawshank redemption; Sholay; Pride & prejudice,,Zanjeer and Sholay are bollywood moves. The Shawshank redemption and Pride & Prejudice are hollywood movies.,classification "Extract from the passage, the first engine in the Jeep Compass","The Jeep Compass is a compact crossover SUV introduced for the 2007 model year, and is currently in its second generation. The first generation Compass and Patriot, its rebadged variant, were among Jeep's first crossover SUVs. The second-generation Compass debuted in September 2016 in Brazil and at the Los Angeles International Auto Show in November 2016, sharing a modified platform with the Renegade. It is positioned between the smaller Renegade and the larger Cherokee globally or the Commander in South America. Concept Four years prior to the introduction of the production Jeep Compass, a concept vehicle with the same name had its world premiere in Detroit at the 2002 North American International Auto Show. It featured a two-door body, all-wheel drive and a 3.7-liter V6 engine. The 3.7 L Power-Tech V6 engine from the Jeep Liberty was not available in the new Compass for 2007, though the production model Compass kept the concept car's styling cues and some of its features. The production model Compass also had four doors instead of the two doors on the concept car.",The initial engine in the concept was a 3.7-liter V6 engine.,information_extraction Which moons of Saturn did Pioneer 11 encounter and image?,"By this time, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 had already passed Jupiter and were also en route to Saturn, so it was decided to target Pioneer 11 to pass through the Saturn ring plane at the same position that the soon-to-come Voyager probes would use in order to test the route before the Voyagers arrived. If there were faint ring particles that could damage a probe in that area, mission planners felt it was better to learn about it via Pioneer. Thus, Pioneer 11 was acting as a ""pioneer"" in a true sense of the word; if danger were detected, then the Voyager probes could be rerouted further away from the rings, but missing the opportunity to visit Uranus and Neptune in the process. Pioneer 11 imaged and nearly collided with one of Saturn's small moons, passing at a distance of no more than 4,000 kilometers (2,500 mi). The object was tentatively identified as Epimetheus, a moon discovered the previous day from Pioneer's imaging, and suspected from earlier observations by Earth-based telescopes. After the Voyager flybys, it became known that there are two similarly sized moons (Epimetheus and Janus) in the same orbit, so there is some uncertainty about which one was the object of Pioneer's near-miss. Pioneer 11 encountered Janus on September 1, 1979 at 14:52 UTC at a distance of 2500 km and Mimas at 16:20 UTC the same day at 103000 km. Besides Epimetheus, instruments located another previously undiscovered small moon and an additional ring, charted Saturn's magnetosphere and magnetic field and found its planet-size moon, Titan, to be too cold for life. Hurtling underneath the ring plane, the probe sent back pictures of Saturn's rings. The rings, which normally seem bright when observed from Earth, appeared dark in the Pioneer pictures, and the dark gaps in the rings seen from Earth appeared as bright rings.","* Epimetheus * Janus * Mimas * Titan",information_extraction "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Maiasaura, Sea Lions",,"Sea Lions are alive, Maiasaura is extinct.",classification Name some of the top soccer players,,"Pele Messi Ronaldo Ronaldinho Zinedine Zidane Mbappe",open_qa Give me a list of the stations on the Island Line of Hong Kong's MTR network,,"- Kennedy Town - HKU - Sai Ying Pun - Sheung Wan - Central - Admiralty - Wan Chai - Causeway Bay - Tin Hau - Fortress Hill - North Point - Quarry Bay - Tai Koo - Sai Wan Ho - Shau Kei Wan - Heng Fa Chuen - Chai Wan",brainstorming "Please label which of the following appear in the game Clue as suspects, weapons, or rooms: Atrium, Billiard Room, Colonel Mustard, Conservatory, General Ketchup, Lead Pipe, Mrs. Peacock, Rope",,"In the classic edition of board game Clue, Colonel Mustard and Mrs. Peacock are suspects, the Lead Pipe and Rope are weapons, and Billiard Room and Conservatory are rooms. While the Atrium and General Ketchup seem like a plausible room and suspect respectively, neither is in game.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Turkish crescent, Banjo",,"Banjo is string, Turkish crescent is percussion.",classification "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Xenacanthus, Seal",,"Seal is alive, Xenacanthus is extinct.",classification "How many people were present in West Berlin when US President JFK delivered his infamous ""Ich bin ein Berliner"" speech?",,"Approximately one million people were in attendance on June 26, 1963.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Daxophone, Kobza",,"Kobza is string, Daxophone is percussion.",classification How many cards are there is a standard deck of cards ?,,"A standard deck of cards contains fifty-two cards. The cards are divided in to four equal suits of thirteen cards, with the suits being Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs and Spades. The thirteen cards have different values on them, typically starting with a two and including a card for each number up to ten. There are also cards which show either a Jack, a Queen or a King, which nominally represent a value of eleven, twelve and thirteen respectively. The final card is known as an Ace, which represents a value of one, though in many card games it is considered the highest value card. The Heart and Diamond suits are coloured red while the Club and Spade suits are coloured black.",open_qa Which team was relegated from the league at the conclusion of the 1991 Season?,"Waterside Karori were relegated at the end of the 1990 season, to be replaced by the winner of a play-off series between teams from the northern, central, and southern leagues (Mount Albert-Ponsonby, Nelson United, and Burndale United respectively). Nelson United won the series to gain promotion, but there is some controversy about their participation in the play-offs as they had only finished second in the central regional league, which was won by Petone. Gisborne City were relegated at the end of the 1991 season",Gisborne City were relegated at the end of the 1991 season.,closed_qa "separate the following into chilldrens and adults cartoons. recess rugrats big mouth swat cats inside job popeyes dexters lab king of the hill south park",,"childrens cartoons: recess, rugrats, swat cats, popeyes, dexters lab adult cartoons: big mouth, inside job, king of the hill, south park",classification Can you provide a summary of who Harvey Marion LaFollette was?,"Harvey Marion LaFollette (September 8, 1858 – September 20, 1929) was an American teacher and educator, who as a young man, served two terms as Indiana Superintendent of Public Instruction. He then moved to Tennessee, where he established the town of LaFollette. His company, LaFollette Coal, Iron, and Railway Company, eventually employed more than 1500 people and was the largest blast furnace in the Southern United States.","Harvey Marion LaFollette (September 8, 1858 – September 20, 1929) was an American teacher and educator, who as a young man, served two terms as Indiana Superintendent of Public Instruction. He then moved to Tennessee, where he established the town of LaFollette. His company, LaFollette Coal, Iron, and Railway Company, eventually employed more than 1500 people and was the largest blast furnace in the Southern United States. Early life and education Harvey M. LaFollette was born in Primrose, Wisconsin. His first cousin, Robert Marion La Follette Sr., was three years old at the time and living on the adjoining farm. Harvey's father (also named Harvey M. LaFollette) was a farmer and served in local government both as sheriff and commissioner. When Harvey was two years old, his family relocated to join relatives in Thorntown, Indiana. Harvey's brother, William La Follette, was born shortly after they arrived in Indiana. When he was seven years old, his father was killed in an industrial accident while working on a piece of machinery in the flour mill he owned. Young Harvey was always an avid reader, and after studying at the nearby Friends School and a short stint at Wabash College, he left for France, the land of his Huguenot ancestors, to continue his education. He studied in Paris at several institutions focusing on languages and civil engineering. He left Paris, travelling on foot and staying with peasant families to better understand the local dialects. He took additional courses in Germany and in Italy. He returned to Indiana in 1880 as a well-educated and travelled young man. He spoke five languages fluently. Indiana educator He began teaching in the public schools as soon as he returned from abroad and became a school principal and a county superintendent before running for statewide office at the age of 28. He was elected to two terms as Indiana Superintendent of Public Instruction. In this job, he established a number of reforms as he standardized the textbooks and regularized the financial systems. LaFollette, Tennessee Along with his youngest brother, Grant LaFollette, Harvey then moved some 400 miles (640 km) to the south and purchased more than 37,000 acres (150 km2) of land in the Tennessee mountains. He established and served as president and general manager of a company that eventually employed 1,500 people and became the largest blast furnace in the Southern United States. He built a railroad that allowed his product to be shipped. The town that grew up around his business venture was named LaFollette in his honor and became the county seat of Campbell County. Personal life Glen Oaks Harvey built and lived in Glen Oaks, a 27–room mansion in the center of LaFollette designed by Knoxville architect George Franklin Barber. The home on Indiana Avenue is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. As his company grew, he traveled extensively and remained close to his extended family. During the glare of the Wisconsin governor's race of 1900, his mother and older brother and sister returned to Primrose with cousin Robert and other family members to visit the old log cabin where Harvey was born and to relive memories of the pioneering days of a half century earlier. During the next decade, Harvey and his wife were often in Washington, DC, visiting family members and meeting political allies. Vice President Charles W. Fairbanks was a friend from his younger days in Indiana. His brother and cousin both moved to the nation's capitol as members of Congress, and he visited them often. Later in his life, when the mines no longer produced and his business failed, he returned to his academic roots, corresponding with Abraham Lincoln scholar Louis A. Warren, who wrote The Lincoln and LaFollette Families in Pioneer Drama, a history of the Lincoln and LaFollette families on the Kentucky frontier in the years before Jesse LaFollette and Thomas Lincoln took their families across the Ohio River to settle in Indiana Territory. Family He was a member of the La Follette family. William La Follette was a younger brother. Robert M. La Follette Sr. was his first cousin. William Leroy LaFollette Jr. and Chester La Follette were nephews. Suzanne La Follette was a niece. Mimi LaFollette Summerskill was a grand niece. Her son was political leader Richard L. Wright. His only child, Warner Marion LaFollette, predeceased him. Harvey was visiting his brother, William, in Colfax, Washington when he died in 1929. Both he and William and other LaFollette family members are interred in the Colfax Cemetery in Whitman County, Washington.",summarization "Which of these titles are by Walter Dean Myers and which are by Rick Riordan Jr.? Hoops, The Legend of Tarik, Ambush in the Amazon, Crystal, The Life of a Harlem Man, The Lost Hero, The Titan's Curse, The Lightning Thief, The Red Pyramid, The Demigod Diaries",,"Walter Dean Myers titles: Hoops, The Legend of Tarik, Ambush in the Amazon, Crystal, The Life of a Harlem Man Rick Riordan Jr. titles: The Lost Hero, The Titan's Curse, The Lightning Thief, The Red Pyramid, The Demigod Diaries",classification How many players are on a hockey team?,,"An NHL hockey team can max a maximum of 20 players in 1 game. Typically, teams will have 12 forwards, 6 defensemen and 2 goalies, however, some teams will choose to play 11 forwards and 7 defensemen. Teams will typically have 3 forwards, 2 defensemen and a goalie on the ice at one time. Teams that commit a foul or penalty are penalized by temporarily sending one of their players to a penalty box, thus giving their opponents a man advantage, called a power play.",open_qa "tell me whether these are girl names or boy names: Ali, Billie, Cameron",,They are gender neutral names,classification Give me a list of different types of cold coffee beverages.,,"- Blended (also known as frappe) - Cà phê đen (Vietnamese iced coffee) - Cold brew - Iced coffee - Iced espresso - Iced latte (with or without flavoring) - Nitro cold brew",brainstorming How do I make a perfect grilled cheese sandwich?,,"Step 1. Select a cheese that will melt well. Parmesan, for example, is not ideal for a grilled cheese sandwich. Cheddar, Havarti, and Colby Jack are all cheeses that taste great and will melt. Step 2. Get two slices of bread, preferably not too thick; typical store-bought sliced bread like sourdough, potato, and white make adequate grilled bread. Step 3. While you are assembling the sandwich, heat a shallow pan over medium-low heat on your stovetop. Step 4. Spread some mayonnaise on the inside of each slice of bread. Sprinkle some garlic powder over the mayonnaise -- this gives a little extra flavor that one might not expect from a grilled cheese. Step 5. Layer the cheese between the slices of bread. Don't put too much cheese on it, or it will leak out of the sandwich when you cut it! Step 6. Assemble the sandwich and put a thin layer of mayo on the outside of each slice. Step 7. Lay the sandwich inside your heated pan. It should sizzle immediately. Wait two minutes and check to see if the cheese is melting. If the bread is browning too quickly, turn the heat down. When it is adequately browned on one side, use a spatula to flip it over to grill the other side. Step 8. Once your sandwich is grilled to your liking, turn off the stove and remove your sandwich from the pan. Slice diagonally and serve with a bowl of hot tomato soup. Enjoy!",creative_writing Provide a list of names for an inspiring exotic dancer,,"1. Venum 2. Sapphire 3. Barbie 4. Diamond 5. Galaxy 6. Polaris 7. Lemon 8. Firefly 9. Fantasia 10. Trinity",brainstorming Which US astronauts that landed on the moon were Scouts?,,"Since NASA's formation in 1958, 181 of the 320 pilots and scientists selected by NASA were Scouts. Of the 24 people to travel to the Moon on the Apollo missions, 20 were Scouts, including 11 of the 12 Moonwalkers. All three of the Apollo 13 astronauts, who had to abort their mission and return to Earth were also Scouts.",open_qa Name some famous hindi film actresses,,"Here is a list of some famous hindi actresses - Priyanka Chopra, Aishwarya Rai, Deepika Padukone, Alia Bhatt, Anushka Sharma and Katrina Kaif",open_qa "Classify the numbers based on their divisibility by 5 or 3 15, 55, 33, 50, 99",,"Divisible by 3: 15, 33, 99 Divisible by 5: 15, 55, 50",classification What are some ways of traveling from Washington D.C to San Francisco?,,"- take a direct flight - drive cross country on paved roads with a car - drive cross country on dirt roads with a car - ride cross country on dirt roads with a motorcycle - ride cross country with a bicycle - take a ship through the panama canal - walk cross country - take a bus - take a train - hitchhike - combine any of the following methods",brainstorming Explain telephone numbering system of Russia ?,,"The telephone numbering plan of the USSR was a set of telephone area codes, numbers and dialling rules which operated in the Soviet Union until the 1990s. After the collapse of the USSR, many newly independent republics implemented their own numbering plans. However, many of the principles of the Soviet numbering plan still remain. Russia and Kazakhstan still retain the former Soviet international code +7. Key principles The Soviet Union used a four-level open numbering plan. The long-distance prefix was 8. a).One could call a local number without the code. Local numbers usually consisted of 5-7 digits, with seven-digit numbers only occurring in Moscow, Leningrad and Kyiv. If the internal number of the regional centre had less than seven digits, then its intercity code was supplemented with numbers (usually 2 for the administrative center, 6 for the second largest city). b).Within the same numbering area (most often within the state or region) the pattern was: 8 2X YYYYYY, where 2 replaced the three-digit area code. c).For calls to other areas, one had to first dial long-distance prefix 8, then, after the tone, the full code of the numbering area, which consisted of a three-digit code and zone additional digit(X), and then the local phone number. d).For international calls, one should dial 8 10 [country code] [phone number] For example: 8 10 1 212 XXXXXXX for a call to New York City. Also: 8 10 359 2 XXXXXX for a call to the city of Sofia.",creative_writing "Given a reference text about No Longer at Ease, tell me the name of the book that precedes it in the trilogy.","No Longer at Ease is a 1960 novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe. It is the story of an Igbo man, Obi Okonkwo, who leaves his village for an education in Britain and then a job in the Nigerian colonial civil service, but is conflicted between his African culture and Western lifestyle and ends up taking a bribe. The novel is the second work in what is sometimes referred to as the ""African trilogy"", following Things Fall Apart and preceding Arrow of God, though Arrow of God chronologically precedes it in the chronology of the trilogy. Things Fall Apart concerns the struggle of Obi Okonkwo's grandfather Okonkwo against the changes brought by the British.","The book that precedes ""No Longer at Ease"" in the African trilogy is ""Things Fall Apart"".",closed_qa Give me the list of all French president during the fifth Republic,,"Sure, this is the list of all the French presidents elected during the 5th Republic : - Charles De Gaule, from 1959 to 1969, Charles de Gaulle resigned after losing a referendum - Georges Pompidou, from 1969 to 1974, died of sickness during his presidency, - Valéry-Giscard d’Estaing, from 1974 to 1981, at this period he was the youngest elected president, - François Mitterrand, from 1981 to 1995, he is te first reelected president - Jacques Chirac, from 1995 to 2007, was reelected with the support of to the ""popular front"" against the far right, - Nicolas Sarkozy, from 2007 to 2012, was known for his conservative stance on law and order issues, - François Hollande, from 2012 to 2017, was elected on socialist promises, but lied and had run an ultra-capitalist politic - Emmanuel Macron from 2012 to today, the youngest president in the modern era, the first reelected president since the change for the five-year term, french people call him ""Jupiter"" because he is known for his abuse of power and because he ordered violent repression of demonstrations and strikes.",brainstorming "Classify each of the following as either a country or a city: Sweden, France, Paris, Bali, Rotterdam, Seville, India, San Fransisco, Amritsar, Portugal",,"Countries: Sweden, France, India, Portugal Cities: Paris, Bali, Rotterdam,Seville,San Fransisco, Amritsar",classification "Classify each country as ""African"" or ""European"": Nigeria, Rwanda, Portugal, Romania, Ghana, Ukraine",,"Nigeria: African Rwanda: African Portugal: European Romania: European Ghana: African Ukraine: European",classification How old was Mozart when he first performed?,,He was six years old when he first performed in front of royalty,open_qa "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Donkey, Leopard ca",,"Leopard cat is wild, Donkey is domesticated",classification "Tell me whether you wear each of the following on your hand or face: ring, glove, glasses, lipstick, mitten, mask",,"Ring: Hand Glove: Hand Glasses: Face Lipstick: Face Mitten: Hand Mask: Face",classification Which planets are part of the inner solar system and which are part of the outer solar system?,,"Mercury - inner Venus - inner Earth - inner Mars - inner Jupiter - outer Saturn - outer Uranus - outer Neptune - outer",classification Name ten Shakespeare plays,,"Romeo and Juliet, The Tempest, Midsummer Night's Dream, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, As You Like It, Macbeth, Twelfth Night, Othello, King Lear",open_qa What Is The Tesla Model Y’s Charger Type?,,"The Tesla Model Y can charge up to 11 kW with AC charging and 210 kW with DC charging. They have used the standard European connector types ever since November 2018. Their AC connector is the Type 2 connector, often called Mennekes, after the German manufacturer that designed them. They are the most used AC connector in the world and can be found at home, work, and some public charging stations, although not all public charging networks supply AC charging. The Tesla Model Y uses the CCS connector for DC charging. This is the most popular DC charger globally and can be used mainly at public charging stations in the UK. The Type 2 and CCS connectors are combined into the CCS 2 connector, which you use to charge your Model Y.",open_qa What are remarkable provinces in the Netherlands?,"There are twelve provinces of the Netherlands (Dutch: provincies van Nederland), representing the administrative layer between the national government and the local municipalities, with responsibility for matters of subnational or regional importance. The most populous province is South Holland, with just over 3.7 million inhabitants as of January 2020, and also the most densely populated province with 1,374/km2 (3,559/sq mi). With 383,488 inhabitants, Zeeland has the smallest population. However Drenthe is the least densely populated province with 188/km2 (487/sq mi). In terms of area, Friesland is the largest province with a total area of 5,749 km2 (2,220 sq mi). If water is excluded, Gelderland is the largest province by land area at 4,964 km2 (1,916 sq mi). The province of Utrecht is the smallest with a total area of 1,560 km2 (602 sq mi), while Flevoland is the smallest by land area at 1,412 km2 (545 sq mi). In total about 10,000 people were employed by the provincial administrations in 2018.","- South Holland - Zeeland - Drenthe - Friesland - Gelderland - Utrecht - Flevoland",information_extraction Who was Charles Guillaume Loys de Bochat,,"Charles Guillaume Loys de Bochat (born 11 December 1695 in Lausanne, died 4 April 1754, also in Lausanne) was an 18th-century Swiss jurist and antiquarian (Lausanne at the time was a subject territory controlled by Berne). He studied theology in Basle, which he interrupted for health reasons, and later changed his subject to law, in which he graduated in 1717. He became professor of law in Lausanne in 1718, but he was granted leave to travel for three years, which he spent in Halle, in Leyden and in France. From 1721, he taught law at the Lausanne Academy, where he acted as rector from 1727 to 1730. In 1738, he proposed to transform the academy into a full university, without success. Loys de Bochat is best known for his major work, Mémoires critiques pour servir d'Eclaircissemens sur divers points de l'Histoire ancienne de la Suisse, which appeared in three volumes in 1747-1749. This work is dedicated to examining the early history of Switzerland, especially the Gaulish Helvetii, and their legacy in Swiss toponymy.",open_qa "Is a square classified as a rectangle, or is a rectangle classified as a square?",,"All squares are rectangles, but not all rectangles are squares. A rectangle is a 4 sided form with 4 right angles. A square has an additional requirement that all 4 sides must be equal in length. So the only rectangle that is a square is one with 4 equal sides.",classification Which bird flies the farthest?,,"The Arctic tern flies a round trip of 21,750 miles a year, breeding in the Arctic in the northern summer and feeding in the Antarctic during the southern summer. The bar-tailed godwit migrates farther in a single trip than any other bird. Each year it travels non-stop from Alaska to New Zealand in nine days and loses over half its body weight.",open_qa What is the difference between a sitar and a tanpura?,,"Both the sitar and tanpura are string music instruments. The sitar has frets and is used for composing and playing complete melodies. Sitar players are like guitar players who perform solo or as part of an ensemble band. The tanpura on the other hand does not have any frets and is only an accompanying instrument. Its strings provide a continued background rhythm to a music performance. While the tanpura alone cannot be used for composing a melody, a music performance is incomplete without a tanpura.",open_qa What is a difference between alligators and crocodiles?,,A difference between alligators and crocodiles is the shape of their heads. Crocodiles have more narrow and longer heads than alligators.,open_qa Why do people prefer Dunkin over Starbucks?,,"People may prefer Starbucks because the menu is more customizable with more variety and the coffee tends to be stronger. Starbucks provides more of a cafe experience while Dunkin not only focuses on their coffee but their donuts are an important piece. Others may prefer Dunkin because of the competitive pricing, less strong coffee, and more options of food to drink with your coffee.",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the names of elementary particles and arrange them in alphabetical order","In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle that is not composed of other particles. Particles currently thought to be elementary include electrons, the fundamental fermions (quarks, leptons, antiquarks, and antileptons, which generally are matter particles and antimatter particles), as well as the fundamental bosons (gauge bosons and the Higgs boson), which generally are force particles that mediate interactions among fermions.A particle containing two or more elementary particles is a composite particle.","1. Antileptons 2. Antiquarks 3. Electrons 4. Gauge bosons 5. Higgs boson 6. Leptons 7. Quarks",information_extraction "Among those animals, what are mammals? platypus, Greenland shark, puffer fish, rattlesnake, orca, kangaroo, ostrich",,"From above, those are mammals: platypus, orca, kangaroo. Greenland shark and puffer fish are fishes, not mammals. Rattlesnake is a reptile. Ostrich is a bird. Note though orca lives in the sea and looks like big fishes, e.g. sharks, orca is in fact a mammal.",classification "Classify each of the following animals as ectothermic or endothermic: alligator, snake, frog, goat, human, gorilla",,"Alligator: Ectothermic Snake: Ectothermic Frog: Ectothermic Goat: Endothermic Human: Endothermic Gorilla: Endothermic",classification What is fleece?,,"Fleece is light, warm, quick-drying synthetic material often used for winter clothing. It does not do well as protection from the wind so is often used as an inner layer underneath a wind block like a gortex shell.",open_qa Write a haiku about how much I love pickles.,,"Caressed by sweet brine, you are crispy and crunchy. Oh, won’t you be mine?",creative_writing What is the Maurice Richard Trophy,"The Maurice ""Rocket"" Richard Trophy, also known as the Rocket Richard Trophy, is awarded annually to the leading goal scorer in the National Hockey League (NHL). It was donated to the NHL by the Montreal Canadiens in 1998–99 and is named in honour of legendary Montreal Canadiens right winger Maurice ""Rocket"" Richard. First won by Teemu Selanne, it is currently held by Auston Matthews, who scored 60 goals during the 2021–22 NHL season.","The Maurice ""Rocket"" Richard Trophy, also known as the Rocket Richard Trophy, is awarded annually to the leading goal scorer in the National Hockey League (NHL). It was donated to the NHL by the Montreal Canadiens in 1998–99 and is named in honour of legendary Montreal Canadiens right winger Maurice ""Rocket"" Richard. First won by Teemu Selanne, it is currently held by Auston Matthews, who scored 60 goals during the 2021–22 NHL season.",closed_qa "Classify each of the following workouts as upper body or lower body: bench press, pull-up, squat, rows, leg extension, calf raise",,"Bench Press: Upper Body Pull-up: Upper Body Squat: Lower Body Rows: Upper Body Leg Extension: Lower Body Calf Raise: Lower Body",classification "Classify these MLB teams as either National League or American League teams: New York Mets, St. Louis Cardinals, Los Angeles Dodgers, Arizona Diamondbacks, Tampa Bay Rays, New York Yankees, Houston Astros, Oakland A's",,"National League: New York Mets, St. Louis Cardinals, Los Angeles Dodgers, Arizona Diamondbacks American League: Tampa Bay Rays, New York Yankees, Houston Astros, Oakland A's",classification "Describe a plan for a trip to San Francisco (Bay Area), California. Your plan should include a budget, a timeline, and a description of the sights and activities at spot",,"When you visit San Francisco, CA a few local and a few around SF spots are a must-see. Depending on the timeline you can pick and choose between them. I'll describe a few of my favorites for when my own friends and families visit. here is a MUST-SEE list within the San Francisco Bay Area - Golden Gate - An engineering marvel and a sight to behold, enjoy time with friends and family overlooking majestic views of nature and city alike. The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the one-mile-wide (1.6 km) strait connecting San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. - Lombard Street – also popular as the zig zag street among tourists, San Francisco is very hilly and the city makes the most of it; Enjoy this one of a kind street in the world where a very zig zag steep street, rustling with flowers and beautiful landscaping in the summer, developed as a tourist must see. There are multiple ways to get there - get on the famous trams/cable car, walk up to it, ride a scooter or one of the buggies famous in SF - Alcatraz and Pier 39 - these are absolutely touristy places, folks might enjoy the boat ride and stroll an easy evening on Pier 39. Beware, you will find all the same shops that you will find at Navy Pier in Chicago too. - If you get a chance visit the Muir Woods in the north, Half Moon Bay in the peninsula, the 18 mile drive in the south and one of my top favorites Yosemite National Park.",creative_writing "If we were playing a game where we had to identify things that can be found inside a house, which of these would we call out: car, chair, table, park, cloud, microwave.",,"Inside a house you can find a chair, a table and a microwave. Cars, clouds and parks are found outside of houses.",classification Give me a list of Premier League winners in the last 5 years.,,"2021-2022: Manchester City 2020-2021: Manchester City 2019-2020: Liverpool 2018-2019: Manchester City 2017-2018: Manchester City",brainstorming What is the volume of a square pyramid?,,1/3 * base^2 * height,open_qa "Can you please divide these fruit and vegetables into red and green colors. Some can be either red or green, so list those as 'both red and green varieties'. Here is the list: cherries, raspberries, lettuce, celery cherries, strawberries, apples, peppers, cabbage, beans, kale, tomatoes, capsicum, raspberries, celery, spinach.",,"Lettuce, celery cherries, beans, kale, celery and spinach are all green-colored. Cherries, raspberries and strawberries are red-colored. Apples, peppers, cabbage, tomatoes and capsicum have both red and green varieties.",classification What are some typical characteristics of a Persian cat?,,"Persian cats generally tend to be medium-sized cats with long-haired, fluffy coats, small, rounded ears, flatter faces, and small noses. They also have round heads and have the appearance of bigger eyes.",open_qa Summarize what electoral college does in USA presidential election,"The United States Electoral College is the group of presidential electors required by the Constitution to form every four years for the sole purpose of appointing the president and vice president. Each state and the District of Columbia appoints electors pursuant to the methods described by its legislature, equal in number to its congressional delegation (representatives and senators). Federal office holders, including senators and representatives, cannot be electors. Of the current 538 electors, an absolute majority of 270 or more electoral votes is required to elect the president and vice president. If no candidate achieves an absolute majority there, a contingent election is held by the House of Representatives to elect the president and by the Senate to elect the vice president. The states and the District of Columbia hold a statewide or districtwide popular vote on Election Day in November to choose electors based upon how they have pledged to vote for president and vice president, with some state laws proscribing faithless electors. All states except Maine and Nebraska use a party block voting, or general ticket method, to choose their electors, meaning all their electors go to one winning ticket. Maine and Nebraska choose one elector per congressional district and two electors for the ticket with the highest statewide vote. The electors meet and vote in December, and the inauguration of the president and vice president takes place in January.","Each states appoints electors based on methods by their legislature. Number of electors from each state are same as number of representatives from that state. Candidate needs 270 electoral votes out of 538 to win presidential election. All electors from state cast each of their vote to whoever received most votes in that state. Maine and Nebraska can split their electoral votes based on whoever wins their district. If no candidate gets 270 votes or higher then House of Representatives meets to elect President and Vice President.",summarization "According to this paragraph, how many NCAA championships has UVA won?","In the 21st century alone, UVA teams have won seventeen NCAA championships. The men's teams have won recent NCAA titles in basketball (2019); lacrosse (2003, 2006, 2011, 2019, and 2021); baseball (2015); soccer (2009 and 2014); and tennis (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2022). UVA women have won recent NCAA titles in rowing (2010 and 2012) and swimming & diving (2021 and 2022). The Cavaliers rank first in the ACC (a power conference) with 22 men's NCAA Championships, and rank second in the conference with nine women's NCAA Championships.",UVA has won 17 NCAA championships.,closed_qa What are common titles for the executives of large companies?,,"Common titles for executives of large companies include: - Chief Executive Officer (CEO) - Chief Technology Officer (CTO) - Chief Financial Officer (CFO) - Chief Legal Officer (CLO) - Chief Product Officer (CPO)",open_qa What is the difference between dark matter and dark energy?,,"Dark energy is a placeholder for the unknown physical mechanism by which the expansion of our universe is accelerating. On the other hand, dark matter is the stuff making up most of the mass in our galaxies. So while dark energy is responsible for things moving apart, dark matter holds things together.",open_qa Extract the difference between Gross Disposable income from Disposable Income,"The list below represents a national accounts derived indicator for a country or territory's gross household disposable income per capita (including social transfers in kind). According to the OECD, 'household disposable income is income available to households such as wages and salaries, income from self-employment and unincorporated enterprises, income from pensions and other social benefits, and income from financial investments (less any payments of tax, social insurance contributions and interest on financial liabilities). 'Gross’ means that depreciation costs are not subtracted.' This indicator also takes account of social transfers in kind 'such as health or education provided for free or at reduced prices by governments and not-for-profit organisations.' The data shown below is published by the OECD and is presented in purchasing power parity (PPP) in order to adjust for price differences between countries.","There is a unique difference between Gross Disposable Income and Household disposable income. The first being that ""gross"" indicates the total about amount of income derived from all sources such as wages, investments, self-employment, pensions and social benefits before extracting depreciation costs. Household disposable income includes all sources of income less social benefits, taxes, insurance, and liabilities such as rent, electricity and other ongoing financial commitments. What is remaining is defined as household disposable income which is then indexed globally using PPP (purchasing power parity) in order to adjust for price differences in different countries.",information_extraction "Classify the following as smooth or sharp: broken glass, thorn, leather, baby skin, cactus, mirror",,"Broken Glass: Sharp Thorn: Sharp Leather: Smooth Baby Skin: Smooth Cactus: Sharp Mirror: Smooth",classification List the number of warehouses Costco has. Segregate based on location in a descending order. Use the format ‘ Number of warehouse : Location’.,"Costco Wholesale Corporation (doing business as Costco Wholesale and also known simply as Costco) is an American multinational corporation which operates a chain of membership-only big-box retail stores (warehouse club). As of 2022, Costco is the fifth largest retailer in the world and is the world's largest retailer of choice and prime beef, organic foods, rotisserie chicken, and wine as of 2016. Costco is ranked #11 on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. Costco's worldwide headquarters are in Issaquah, Washington, an eastern suburb of Seattle, although its Kirkland Signature house label bears the name of its former location in Kirkland. The company opened its first warehouse (the chain's term for its retail outlets) in Seattle in 1983. Through mergers, however, Costco's corporate history dates back to 1976, when its former competitor Price Club was founded in San Diego, California. As of February 2023, Costco has 848 warehouses worldwide: 584 in the United States, 107 in Canada, 40 in Mexico, 31 in Japan, 29 in the United Kingdom, 18 in South Korea, 14 in Taiwan, 14 in Australia, four in Spain, two each in France and China, and one each in Iceland, New Zealand and Sweden.","584 : United States 107 : Canada, 40 : Mexico, 31 : Japan, 29 : the United Kingdom 18 : South Korea, 14 : Taiwan, 14 : Australia, 4 : Spain, 2 : France 2 : China 1 : Iceland 1 : New Zealand 1 : Sweden",information_extraction What are 5 unique recipes for any kind of potatoes?,,"Here is a list of 5 unique recipes with different kinds of potatoes: Taro Boba Tea Ingredients 150 g taro, peeled and cubed 2 teaspoon sugar salt 3 tablespoon boba 2 teaspoon sugar 1/2 cup ceylon tea, strongly brewed (can use any other black tea) 200 ml milk (can use plant based milk) 1 teaspoon condensed milk Instructions Boil the cubed taro root for 20 minutes on medium heat. It should be soft enough to poke through with a fork. Discard the water. Smash the cooked ground root until an even paste is formed. For a smoother paste, use a food processor or blender. Incorporate the sugar while the paste is still hot. Set aside. Add your boba to a pot of boiling water. Add 2 teaspoon of sugar and allow this boil for 5-7 minutes. Once the boba begin to float these are done. Adjust the timing depending on how firm or soft you prefer them. Remove from hot water and set them aside. Brew the ceylon and let this mix well with fresh ground root paste and condensed milk. Finally, add the milk and tapioca pearls to the mixture. Serve the taro milk tea hot or cold. Sweet Potato Pie Ingredients 3 medium sweet potatoes, baked 1/2 cup butter 1 cup granulated sugar 2 teaspoons vanilla extract 2 large eggs beaten 1/2 cup milk, whole or evaporated 1 (9-inch) unbaked pie crust Optional Toppings whipped cream marshmallow fluff Instructions Preheat the oven to 400º F. Scrub the sweet potatoes until clean, prick them 4 to 5 times with a fork. Place onto a baking sheet and bake for 45 - 50 minutes until the sweet potatoes are tender when pricked with a toothpick. Remove from the oven and allow to cool until they can easily be handled. Peel the skin from the sweet potatoes and place the sweet potatoes into a large mixing bowl. Reduce the oven heat to 350º F. Add butter to the sweet potatoes and mash until smooth. Add the sugar(s) to the sweet potatoes and mix until well combined. Add the vanilla extract, milk, and the eggs. Mix until well combined. Pour into the unbaked pie crust. Bake the pie until the center of the pie is set, about 1 hour. Remove the pie from the oven and allow to cool slightly. Serve the pie warm or allow to cool before slicing. Top with whipped cream (or your favorite topping) and serve. Gnocchi Ingredients 2 potatoes, peeled 2 cups all-purpose flour 1 egg Instructions Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil; add potatoes and cook until tender but still firm, about 15 minutes. Drain, cool, and mash with a fork or potato masher. Combine 1 cup mashed potato, flour, and egg in a large bowl. Knead until dough forms a ball. Shape small portions of the dough into long ""snakes"". On a floured surface, cut snakes into 1/2-inch pieces. Bring a large pot of lightly salted water to a boil. Drop in gnocchi and cook for 3 to 5 minutes or until gnocchi have risen to the top; drain and serve. Potato Latkes Ingredients 2 1/2 pounds baking potatoes, coarsely shredded 1 medium onion, coarsely shredded 2 large eggs, beaten 2 teaspoons kosher salt 1/2 teaspoon black pepper Vegetable oil, for frying Applesauce, sour cream, smoked salmon and salmon roe, for serving Instructions In a colander set over a large bowl, toss the potatoes with the onion and squeeze dry. Let the potatoes and onion drain for 2 to 3 minutes, then pour off the liquid in the bowl, leaving the starchy paste at the bottom. Add the potatoes and onion, along with the eggs, salt, pepper and mix well. In a large skillet, heat an 1/8-inch layer of oil until shimmering. Spoon 1/4-cup mounds of the latke batter into the skillet about 2 inches apart and flatten slightly with a spatula. Fry the latkes over moderately high heat, turning once, until golden and crisp, 5 to 7 minutes. Transfer the latkes to paper towels to drain, then transfer to a platter. Repeat to make the remaining latkes, adding more oil to the skillet as needed. Serve with applesauce, sour cream, smoked salmon and salmon roe. Poutine Ingredients 3 or 4 large russet potatoes ( 3 to 4 pounds total), peeled and cut into 1/3-inch-wide sticks 2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil 1 teaspoon sea salt 1 1/2 teaspoons dried thyme Freshly cracked black pepper 4 tablespoons (½ stick) unsalted butter 1/4 cup all-purpose flour 3/4 teaspoon garlic powder ½ teaspoon onion powder 1 cup chicken broth 1 cup beef broth 1 ½ teaspoons Worcestershire sauce 1 teaspoon Better Than Bouillon beef base or 1 beef bouillon cube 1 teaspoon unfiltered apple cider vinegar 10 ounces white cheddar cheese curds, at room temperature Minced fresh parsley Instructions Make the fries. Place the batons in a large bowl and cover them with cold water. Let soak for at least 30 minutes up to 24 hours for crispier fries. Preheat the oven to 425°F. Line 2 large rimmed baking sheets with parchment paper. Spread the potatoes out onto large, clean kitchen towels. Dry them off as best as possible. Place the potatoes on the prepared baking sheets, drizzle with the olive oil, sprinkle with the thyme and salt and add black pepper to taste. Toss to coat evenly, then spread out the potatoes into a single layer. Bake for 10 minutes, then toss the fries and rotate the pans, swapping the one on the top for the one on the bottom. Increase the oven to 450°F and bake the fries for 10 minutes more.Toss the fries and swap the pans from top to bottom again. Turn on the broiler and cook the fries until they are beginning to brown and crisp, about 5 more minutes. Continue to toss and broil until the fries reach your desired doneness. Season with salt and pepper. Meanwhile, make the gravy. In a large saucepan set over medium heat, melt the butter. Sprinkle the flour over the butter and cook, stirring constantly, until golden brown, about 2 minutes. Stir in the garlic powder and onion powder. Slowly add the chicken and beef broth. Increase the heat to medium high and bring to a boil, stirring often. Reduce the heat to low and simmer until thickened. Stir in the Worcestershire, beef bouillon, and vinegar. Season with salt and pepper. To assemble the poutine, divide the fries among 4 plates. Sprinkle it with the cheese curds, drizzle on the gravy, and garnish with parsley. Serve immediately.",brainstorming What's the relation between the Kushan Empire and the Sassanid Empire in Iran?,"The Kushan Empire was a syncretic empire, formed by the Yuezhi, in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to encompass much of modern-day territory of Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northern India. The Sasanian or Sassanid Empire officially known as Eranshahr was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th–8th centuries AD. Named after the House of Sasan, it endured for over four centuries, from 224 to 651 AD, making it the longest-lived Persian imperial dynasty.[","Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom (also called Kushanshahs, or Koshano Shao in Bactrian, or Indo-Sasanians) is a historiographic term used by modern scholars to refer to a branch of the Sasanian Persians who established their rule in Bactria during the 3rd and 4th centuries CE at the expense of the declining Kushans. They captured the provinces of Sogdiana, Bactria and Gandhara from the Kushans in 225 CE. The Sasanians established governors for the Sasanian Empire, who minted their own coinage and took the title of Kushanshas, i.e. ""Kings of the Kushans"". They are sometimes considered as forming a ""sub-kingdom"" inside the Sassanid Empire.",information_extraction What are the names of popular Alternative music bands from the 1980s and 1990s.,,"Bands that were considered Alternative rock music in the 1980s were R.E.M., Depeche Mode, Nirvana, O.M.D., the Smiths, the Psychadelic Furs, the Housemartins, Green Day, the Violent Femmes, the B-52s, the Cure, UB40, and U2, just to name a few. Keep in mind that some of the bands that had been considered Alternative in the 1980s became more mainstream in the 1990s as they gained popularity (R.E.M., Depeche Mode, Green Day, U2, The Cure). The 1990s Alternative rock music bands that I remember are the Counting Crows, the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Third Eye Blind, the Stone Temple Pilots, Live, Toad the Wet Sprocket, Blues Traveler, the Spin Doctors, and No Doubt. In the 2000's, the popular Alternative rock music bands were Maroon 5, Coldplay, Train, the White Stripes, Linkin Park, Gorillaz, Kings of Leon, Weezer, MGMT, Nickelback, Radiohead, Goo Goo Dolls, Blink-182.",open_qa What is the biological term for Magic Mushrooms?,"Psilocybin mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms, are a polyphyletic informal group of fungi that contain psilocybin which turns into psilocin upon ingestion. Biological genera containing psilocybin mushrooms include Psilocybe, Panaeolus (including Copelandia), Inocybe, Pluteus, Gymnopilus, and Pholiotina. Psilocybin mushrooms have been and continue to be used in indigenous New World cultures in religious, divinatory, or spiritual contexts. Psilocybin mushrooms are also used as recreational drugs. They may be depicted in Stone Age rock art in Africa and Europe but are most famously represented in the Pre-Columbian sculptures and glyphs seen throughout North, Central, and South America.",Magic Mushrooms are the colloquial term for Psilocybin mushrooms,closed_qa "Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: BMW, Cadilliac",,"Cadillac is American, BMW is German",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Rainstick, Tiple",,"Tiple is string, Rainstick is percussion.",classification "Categorize the below types of organisms. bacteriophages, coccus, bacillus, spiral, coryneform, filamentous",,"Bacteria - coccus, bacillus, spiral, coryneform, filamentous Virus - bacteriophages",classification When was the HMS St David launched,"HMS St David was a 54-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the English Royal Navy, launched in 1667 at Lydney. She foundered in Portsmouth Harbour in 1689 and was raised in 1691 under the supervision of Edmund Dummer, Surveyor of the Navy. The ship was later hulked and finally sold in 1713.","The HMS St David was a 54-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the English Royal Navy, launched in 1667 at Lydney. She foundered in Portsmouth Harbour in 1689 and was raised in 1691 under the supervision of Edmund Dummer, Surveyor of the Navy. The ship was later hulked and finally sold in 1713.",summarization Extract the cinema industry and the percentage box office share occupied by that industry in the format {Industry} - {Percentage} and show as a bullet list. If no percentage specified just list the industry name.,"Indian cinema is composed of multilingual and multi-ethnic film art. In 2019, Hindi cinema represented 44% of box office revenue, followed by Telugu and Tamil film industries, each representing 13%, Malayalam and Kannada film industries, each representing 5%. Other prominent languages in the Indian film industry include Bengali, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Gujarati and Bhojpuri. As of 2022, the combined revenue of South Indian film industries has surpassed that of the Mumbai-based Hindi film industry (Bollywood). As of 2022, Telugu cinema leads Indian cinema's box-office revenue.[details 2]","Hindi cinema - 44% Telugu - 13% Tamil - 13% Malayalam - 5% Kannada - 5% Bengali - Marathi - Odia - Punjabi - Gujarati - Bhojpuri -",information_extraction What does W stand for in the name W. Rex Black?,"Wilford Rex Black (January 31, 1920 – December 12, 2012) was an American politician. Wilford Rex Black represented the 2nd Utah Senate District from 1973 to 1997. W. Rex Black, as he was often referred to, was a member of the Democratic party and represented the party as the Minority leader in the Utah Senate for many years.",Wilford,information_extraction Give me five books that I should read today.,,"There are many books that you could read today, however, if I could recommend a few, I would recommend the following: The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Let The Great World Spin, by Colum McCann, 1984 by George Orwell, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, and The Diary of Anne Frank, by Anne Frank.",open_qa "Classify each of the following as a programming language or not: Lisp, Basic, Esperanto, Prolog, Sympathy, Pascal, Tessellation, Kumquats, Algol, Java, C++, Corkscrew, Envy, Brainfuck",,"From the list, these are programming languages: Lisp, Basic, Prolog, Pascal, Algol, Java, C++, Envy, Brainfuck.",classification "Given this short paragraph about the life of George K. McGunnegle, how old was he when he retired and what month of the year did that happen?","As a member of the 3rd Infantry Regiment and 17th Infantry Regiment, McGunnegle served in the Philippines during the Philippine–American War. After receiving promotion to colonel in 1906, he commanded the 1st Infantry Regiment during service in Washington, the Philippines, and Hawaii. In 1914, he was assigned to command the recruit depot at Fort McDowell, California. He served until recaching the mandatory retirement age of 64 in June 1918. Because World War I was ongoing, McGunnegle agreed to defer retirement and remained on duty at Fort McDowell. The war ended in November 1918, and he remained in command of Fort McDowell to muster out troops as the army demobilized. He retired in July 1919.",George K. McGunnegle was 64 when he retired in July of 1919.,closed_qa Where did Rosogolla or Rasgulla originate?,,"While it is near-universally agreed upon that the dessert originated in the eastern Indian subcontinent, the exact locus of origin is disputed between locations such as West Bengal, Bangladesh, and Odisha where it is offered at the Puri Jagannath Temple. In 2016, the West Bengal government applied for a geographical indication (GI) tag for the variant called ""Banglar rosogolla"" (Bengali rasgulla) clarifying that the Bengal and Odisha variants were different in ""both in colour, texture, taste, juice content and method of manufacturing."" In 2017, when West Bengal got its rosogolla's Geographical indication status, the Registry office of India clarified that West Bengal was given GI status for Banglar rosogolla and Odisha can claim it too if they cite the place of origin of their variant along with colour, texture, taste, juice content and method of manufacturing.Thus, in 2018, the government of Odisha applied for GI status for ""Odisha Rasagola"" (Odia Rasagola), which was approved by GI Registry of India and on July 29, 2019",classification "Tell me whether each of these soccer teams are American or European: Leeds United, Seattle Sounders, Portland Timbers, Arsenal Gunners, Sporting KC, Bayern Munich",,"Leeds United: European Seattle Sounders: American Portland Timbers: American Arsenal Gunners: European Sporting KC: American Bayern Munich: European",classification "Tell me whether each food item is high or low in protein: steak, chicken, egg, strawberry, watermelon, carrot",,"Steak: High in Protein Chicken: High in Protein Egg: High in Protein Strawberry: Low in Protein Watermelon: Low in Protein Carrot: Low in Protein",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Dhaa, Tremoloa",,"Tremoloa is string, Dhaa is percussion.",classification How many acres did Hiram farm?,"King Field (alternately, Kingfield) is a neighborhood in the Southwest community in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Its boundaries are 36th Street to the north, Interstate 35W to the east, 46th Street to the south, and Lyndale Avenue to the west. King Field, within the King Field neighborhood is a park named after Martin Luther King Jr. This was farm country in the 2nd half of the 19th century. Transportation was by horse and buggy. Fewer than 20 farms had been established by 1874. C.C. Garvey owned a dairy farm near 44th Street and Grand Ave. George Bichnell farmed 18 acres (73,000 m2) of land from Lyndale to Pleasant, 42nd to 43rd Streets. Hiram Van Nest farmed 28 acres (110,000 m2) of land from 40th to 42nd, Pleasant to Lyndale. The Farmsworth farm occupied 57 acres (230,000 m2) south of 47th Street and East of Nicollet.",28 acres,information_extraction "Tell me whether the following are foods or beverages: coffee, water, corn, tea, rice, beef.",,"Beef, corn, and rice are foods. Coffee water, and tea are beverages.",classification How do you score three points in basketball?,,"You score three points by making a basket from beyond the three point line, which is an arc which is drawn around each basket. By sinking the ball from far away from the basket, you are rewarded with an extra point.",open_qa How much money did George Lucas get for selling Lucasfilm to Disney?,,$4 billion,open_qa "Tell me whether these are European countries or names of bands: Spain, France, Norway, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Portugal, Brazil, South Africa, Canada, China, Orca, Gorillas, Camel, Bee Gees, Coldplay, Green Day, Lamb of God, Maroon 5, Pink Floyd",,"Some of the elements in that list aren't either European countries or names of bands! The following don't fit in either category: Brazil, South Africa, Canada, China, Orca, Gorillas, Camel. The following are European countries: Spain, France, Norway, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Portugal And the bands in the list are: Bee Gees, Coldplay, Green Day, Lamb of God, Maroon 5, Pink Floyd",classification "From this paragraph about Microsoft, extract the names of the Big Five American information technology companies.","Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft's best-known software products are the Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers. Microsoft ranked No. 14 in the 2022 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue; it was the world's largest software maker by revenue as of 2022. It is considered as one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet (parent company of Google), Amazon, Apple, and Meta (formerly Facebook).","1) Microsoft, 2) Alphabet (parent company of Google), Amazon, Apple, and Meta (formerly Facebook).",information_extraction Give me a list with name suggestions for a white girl kitten that I just adopted.,,"1. Lily 2. Yuki 3. Zoe 4. Elsa 5. Daisy 6. Molly 7. Kiki",brainstorming What was the first British instrumental to top the USA charts,,Telstar by The Tornados,open_qa "Classify the following fish as either inshore/nearshore or offshore fish species: Tarpon, Bonefish, redfish, snook, trout, bass, swordfish, dolphinfish, gag, red snapper, yellowfin tuna, blackfin tuna, grouper",,"Tarpon inshore, Bonefish inshore, redfish inshore, snook inshore, trout inshore, bass inshore, swordfish offshore, dolphinfish offshore, gag offshore, red snapper offshore, yellowfin tuna offshore, blackfin tuna offshore, grouper offshore",classification "Classify the following Greek philosophers by their schools of thought: Democritus, Anaximander, Protagoras, Epictetus, Chrysippus, Theano, Pythagorus and Heraclides.",,"There were many diverse schools of thought in Ancient Greek philosophy. Democritus was a pre-socratic philosopher who founded the discipline of Atomism. Anaximander was another pre-socratic thinker who was a member of the Milesian school. Epictetus and Chrysippus were both stoic philosophers. Protagoras was a famous sophist who was referenced by Plato. Heraclides was a Platonist and direct student of Plato. Pythagoras and Theano were both of the Pythagorean school, and are believed to have been married.",classification "Given this paragraph about the NFL, in what year was the Super Bowl first held?","Following an agreement to merge the NFL with the rival American Football League (AFL), the Super Bowl was first held in 1967 to determine a champion between the best teams from the two leagues and has remained as the final game of each NFL season since the merger was completed in 1970",1967,closed_qa Who invented SQL?,,"SQL was invented by Don Chamberlain at IBM early in the 1970s. It was originally named SEQUEL, which is why to this day, SQL is generally pronounced as ""sequel"".",open_qa What was Britain called - before it was Britain,,Albion,open_qa Who were the major players in the Watergate conspiracy?,"The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation. The scandal stemmed from the Nixon administration's persistent attempts to cover up its involvement in the June 17, 1972 break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Washington, D.C., Watergate Office Building.","The list begins with the President of the United States, Richard Nixon. John Dean served as the Counsel to the President, and was a lead witness whose testimony blew the case wide open, naming many top presidential aides as being closely involved. H.R. Haldeman, John Ehrlichman, and John Mitchell were all senior members of the administration who resigned in disgraced and were convicted. Howard Hunt and G. Gordon Liddy played major roles in the Watergate break-in. A major figure in the conspiracy was Daniel Ellsberg, but not for any wrongdoing. Rather, he was a target of the Nixon White House, and an attempted burglary of his psychiatrist's office was just one of the illegal acts that the White House covered up.",summarization How many people live in the Netherlands,,The Netherlands has a population of 17.4 million people.,open_qa What should I eat when I visit South India ?,,"South India is known for vegetarian delicacies. Here is a list of some foods that you should try : 1. Masala Dosa 2. Filter Coffee 3. Idly 4. Vada 5. Pongal",brainstorming Give me a bulleted list of ten things cities I should visit in Spain,,"10 cities you should visit in Spain are: - Barcelona - Madrid - Seville - Bilbao - Valencia - San Sebastián - Toledo - Vigo - Granada - Cordoba",brainstorming How do you cook a Texas brisket?,,"Texas is know as the BBQ capital of the world, and Texas brisket leads the pack. For true Texas brisket all you need is salt, pepper, smoke and time! 1. Purchase a whole packer brisket with both the point and flat muscle included. Prime grade brisket is ideal as it will have more fat marbling, which means more flavor and juiciness. However, choice grade will work fine for most cooks. Plan on 1/2 lb per person. 2. Trim your brisket to remove and hard pieces of fat that will not render in the cooking process. I recommend leaving about 1/4 inch of fat on the point side, and trim off all fat off the flat. Note: the brisket trimming make great fat to mix into burgers! 3. Texas brisket is seasoned only with coarse salt and coarse black pepper. I prefer a 50/50 mix. There are MANY brisket rubs available if you are looking to spice up your brisket from the traditional Texas salt and pepper rub. 4. Use a good quality hardwood lump charcoal in your smoker. I use oak as a base wood with a little bit of hickory mixed in. You can use any smoker that can maintain a consistent temperature of 225-250 degrees. I prefer the Big Green Egg, but there are great smokers available from Weber, Traeger, CampChef and many more. 5. Smoke the brisket at 225 degrees until the internal temperature reaches 165-170 degrees. I then remove the brisket, wrap in butcher paper, and return to the smoker until the internal temperature reaches 202 degrees. 6. When the brisket reaches 202 degrees, remove from the smoker and REST. DO NOT SKIP THE REST. Resting the brisket allows those hot and bubbly juices to settle into the meat. I prefer resting my brisket in a cooler covered in towels for 2 hours, but can rest as long as 4 hours before serving. 7. When you are ready to serve, I separate the two pieces, flat and point.Slice the flat against the grain for maximum tenderness. Cube the point for burnt ends. 8. Serve and enjoy!",creative_writing Who founded Linkedin?,,Reid Hoffman is the founder of Linkedin.,open_qa "Tell me which Taylor Swift album these songs are from: Love Story, Bad Blood, Begin Again, Cornelia Street.",,Love Story is from the album Fearless. Bad Blood is from the album 1989. Begin Again is from the album Red. Cornelia Street is from the album Lover.,classification Give me a bulleted list of the five biggest cities in Germany,,"Here is a list of the largest cities by population 1. Berlin: This is the capital of Germany and one of the prominent artists and cultural hubs of Europe. 2. Hamburg: This port city, situated on the North Sea, is one of the largest non-capital cities in the EU. 3. Munich: It is the capital of the famous state of Bavaria and home to the famous BMW and Oktoberfest. 4. Cologne: Famous for the cathedral, it is the research hub of various aerospace industries. 5. Frankfurt: It is also referred to as the financial capital of Germany and a prominent banking hub not only in Germany but for the rest of the world.",brainstorming What is a good gift for a seven year old boy?,,"Football, basketball, Pokémon cards, sports cards",brainstorming "Tell me which of these foods is spicy: jalapeño, apple, five-alarm chili, marshmallow, tabasco, wasabi",,"Jalapeño: spicy Apple: not spicy Five-alarm chili: spicy Marshmallow: not spicy Tabasco: spicy Wasabi: spicy",classification "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Xenoposeidon, Sloth",,"Sloth is alive, Xenoposeidon is extinct.",classification "Classify the following based on the category of signals they use. radio waves, television waves, sound waves, Computers, Digital Phones, Digital pens",,"Analog signal- radio waves, television waves, sound waves Digital signal- Computers, Digital Phones, Digital pens",classification Give me a list of the five most recent NBA champions.,,"1. Golden State Warriors (2022) 2. Milwaukee Bucks (2021) 3. Los Angeles Lakers (2020) 4. Toronto Raptors (2019) 5. Golden State Warriors (2018)",brainstorming "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Meganuera, Sei Whale",,"Sei Whale is alive, Meganuera is extinct.",classification What is a economic trait of Generation Z (Gen Z)?,"As consumers, members of Generation Z are typically reliant to the Internet to research their options and to place orders. They tend to be skeptical and will shun firms whose actions and values are contradictory. Their purchases are heavily influenced by trends they see on social media. In the West, while majorities might signal their support for certain ideals such as ""environmental consciousness"" to pollsters, actual purchases do not reflect their stated views, as can be seen from their high demand for cheap but not durable clothing (""fast fashion""), or preference for rapid delivery. Moreover, young Western consumers of this cohort are less likely to pay a premium for what they want compared to their counterparts from emerging economies.","Gen Z are dependent on the internet to do research and also to place orders. They do not use purchases to signal morals or views, as they tend to purchase fast fashion and prefer fast delivery over quality.",information_extraction "Categorize these world leaders as male or female: Angela Merkel, Margaret Thatcher, Ronald Reagan, Vladimir Putin, Mao Tse Tung, Winston Churchill, Queen Elizabeth I",,"Angela Merkel - Female Margaret Thatcher - Female Ronald Reagan - Male Vladimir Putin - Male Mao Tse Tung - Male Winston Churchill - Male Queen Elizabeth I - Female",classification "Given the reference text below, what problem do Marbled newts' face?","The marbled newt is typically found in habitats characterized by hilly and forestry terrain, away from open and exposed areas. Marbled newts live in temporary habitats, such as ponds, that are subject to change depending on the climate conditions of the region. When rainfall is high and the temperature is lower, typically in the fall and winter months, adult marbled newts stay in the ponds. However, these shallow ponds are subject to drought in warmer spring and summer months, which forces the marbled newts to remain on land. Due to this constant change in the habitat conditions, marbled newts have the ability to adapt to different climatic conditions and habitat changes.",Marbled newt is forced to remain on the land due to droughts.,closed_qa "Identify the bird from the list: Gadwall, Worm, Centipede",,Gadwall,classification "Select the odd word from this list and explain why you chose it. Larch Elm Oak Yew Rhododendron",,"Rhododendron is the odd word from this list. Larch, Elm, Oak and Yew are all examples of trees, whereas the Rhododendron is a flower.",classification What day is Halloween?,,Halloween is October 31st,open_qa "Classify each of the following animals as being domesticated or wild: dog, bear, dolphin, cat, cow, hippo, rhino",,"Dog: Domesticated Bear: Wild Dolphin: Wild Cat: Domesticated Cow: Domesticated Hippo: Wild Rhino: Wild",classification "Tell me which of these are stars or planets: Mercury, Sirius, Betelgeuse, Jupiter, Aldebaran, Saturn, Mars, Rigel",,"Mercury - Planet Sirius - Star Betelgeuse - Star Jupiter - Planet Aldebaran - Star Saturn - Planet Mars - Planet Rigel - Star",classification "What are the prizes of the Festival of Festival in Saint Petersburg, Russia?","Golden Gryphon, Silver Gryphon, Bronze Gryphon, The Nikolay Ovsyannikov Prize, Prize of the City of St. Petersburg, Prize of the Board, Prize for Talent and National Recognition","Grand Prix – Gold or Golden Gryphon (Griffon) - Awarded to the film rated highest by guests and participants Silver Gryphon - Awarded to the film rated highest by audiences Bronze Gryphon - Awarded to the best experimental film The Nikolay Ovsyannikov Prize - Awarded for the best debut Prize of the City of St. Petersburg - Awarded for contributions to world cinema made by a director whose film is featured in this year’s festival Prize of the Board - Awarded to the screening section deemed to be this year’s best Prize for Talent and National Recognition - Awarded to exceptional actors, actresses, and directors",information_extraction "Tell me whether each of these wines is red or white: Merlot, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Malbec, Syrah, Riesling, Chardonnay",,"Merlot: Red Pinot Noir: Red Pinot Gris: White Malbec: Red Syrah: Red Riesling: White Chardonnay: White",classification "Classify each of the following universities as public or private: Duke, Wake Forest, University of Florida, Florida Atlantic University, University of Alabama, Harvard, Yale",,"Duke: Private Wake Forest: Private University of Florida: Public Florida Atlantic University: Public University of Alabama: Public Harvard: Private Yale: Private",classification "Which is a bird or fish: Blackchin, Black redstart",,"Blackchin is a fish, Black redstart is a bird",classification "Given the reference text below, what is the official name of the church San Vincenzo?","The Basilica of Santa Maria della Sanità is a basilica church located over the Catacombs of San Gaudioso, on a Piazza near where Via Sanità meets Via Teresa degli Scalzi, in the Rione of the Sanità, in Naples, Italy. The church is also called San Vincenzo or San Vincenzo della Sanità, due to the cult of an icon of San Vincenzo Ferrer, also called locally O' Monacone (the big monk).","The church called San Vincenzo is officially known as the Basilica of Santa Maria della Sanità, located over the Catacombs of San Gaudioso.",closed_qa "Tell me whether these people are chess Grandmasters or professional boxers: Nikolai Krogius, Evgeny Gleizerov, Dmitry Bivol, Nikolai Valuev, and Alexander Alekhine.",,"Nikolai Krogius, Evgeny Gleizerov and Alexander Alekhine are chess Grandmasters. Instead, Dmitry Bivol and Nikolai Valuev are professional boxers.",classification Extract the names of the countries that has occurrence of Stereospermum kunthianum from the text. Separate them with a comma.,"Stereospermum kunthianum is an African deciduous shrub or small tree occurring in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. It is widespread across Africa to the Red Sea, and reaches as far south as Angola, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe. There are some 30 species with a Central African and Asian distribution.","Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda.",information_extraction What does the phrase “ignorance is bliss” mean?,,“Ignorance is bliss” refers to times when it is better not to know something than to know it.,open_qa "Given this paragraph about Dartmouth College traditions, which homecoming-related traditions are illegal?","Dartmouth Night starts the college's traditional ""Homecoming"" weekend with an evening of speeches, a parade, and a bonfire. Traditionally, the freshman class builds the bonfire and then runs around it a set number of times in concordance with their class year; the class of 2009 performed 109 circuits, the class of 1999 performed 99, etc. The College officially discourages a number of student traditions of varying degrees of antiquity. During the circling of the bonfire, upperclassmen encourage the freshmen to ""touch the fire"", an action legally considered trespassing and prohibited by police officials present. At halftime of the Homecoming football game on the Saturday of the weekend, some upperclassmen encourage freshman to ""rush the field"", although no upperclassman has seen a significant rush since several injuries sustained during the 1986 rush prompted the school to ban the practice. Among the two or three students who sometimes run across the field, those who are arrested are charged with trespassing (the independent newspaper The Dartmouth Review claimed to set up a fund to automatically pay any fines associated with freshman who rush the field.) However, in 2012 this was proven false when two students rushed the field and were arrested for disorderly conduct. The Dartmouth Review ignored their emails until finally replying and denying that this fund had ever existed. These students then had to pay $300 fines out of pocket. For the 2011 Homecoming game, however, over 40 members of the Class of 2015 rushed the field at homecoming without any action taken by Safety and Security or the Hanover Police Department.","Touching the bonfire, and rushing the football field during halftime of the homecoming game",closed_qa Which author wrote the ‘Winnie-the-Pooh’ books?,,A. A. Milne,open_qa "Classify the following by how they are affected by a strong permanent magnet as one of ""attract"", ""repel"", ""nothing"": iron nail, paper clips, a tin can, a compass, a plastic cup, a glass window, a leather wallet, a brick, a magnet of opposite polarity, pyrolytic carbon sheet.",,"Items that are strongly or weakly attracted are called ""ferromagnetic"" and ""paramagnetic"", respectively. These include: iron nail, paper clips, a tin can, a compass. Items that are repelled by a magnet are either ""paramagnetic"" or themselves permanent magnets of the opposite polarity, including: a magnet of opposite polarity, pyrolytic carbon sheet. Items that are not affected by a permanent magnet are called ""nonmagnetic"" and include: a plastic cup, a glass window, a leather wallet, a brick.",classification How to start a side hustle,,"Participate in paid online surveys Get paid to test apps and websites Transcribe videos, phone calls, and other recordings Become a rideshare driver Deliver groceries Rent out your home to vacationers Deliver food Become an affiliate marketer Tutor online Walk dogs and pet-sit Start a blog on Substack Deliver packages Sell your photography Start a podcast Design and sell your own t-shirts Wash cars Start a social media page and build income through sponsorships Give tours of your neighborhood Create and sell your own handmade goods Mow lawns and do other landscaping tasks Start a dropshipping business Create a clothing line Start a YouTube channel Sell digital products",brainstorming What are the Spice Girls nicknames?,,"The Spice Girls iconic nicknames are Sporty, Ginger, Scary, Baby, and Posh Spice.",open_qa "Based on this information that I have shared about Abel Janszoon Tasman, can you summarize it for me?","Abel Janszoon Tasman (Dutch: [ˈɑbəl ˈjɑnsoːn ˈtɑsmɑn]; 1603 – 10 October 1659) was a Dutch seafarer and explorer, best known for his voyages of 1642 and 1644 in the service of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). Born in 1603 in Lutjegast, Netherlands, Tasman started his career as a merchant seaman and became a skilled navigator. In 1633, he joined the VOC and sailed to Batavia, now Jakarta, Indonesia. He participated in several voyages, including one to Japan. In 1642, Tasman was appointed by the VOC to lead an expedition to explore the uncharted regions of the Southern Pacific Ocean. His mission was to discover new trade routes and to establish trade relations with the native inhabitants. After leaving Batavia, Tasman sailed eastward and reached the coast of Tasmania, which he named Van Diemen's Land after his patron. He then sailed north and discovered the west coast of New Zealand, which he named Staten Landt, but later renamed Nieuw Zeeland after the Dutch province of Zeeland. Despite his achievements, Tasman's expedition was not entirely successful. The encounter with the Māori people on the South Island of New Zealand resulted in a violent confrontation, which left four of Tasman's men dead. He returned to Batavia without having made any significant contact with the native inhabitants or establishing any trade relations. Nonetheless, Tasman's expedition paved the way for further exploration and colonization of Australia and New Zealand by the Europeans. Tasman continued to serve the Dutch East India Company until his death in 1659, leaving behind a legacy as one of the greatest explorers of his time. Origins and early life Portrait of Abel Tasman, his wife and daughter. Attributed to Jacob Gerritsz Cuyp, 1637 (not authenticated). Abel Tasman was born around 1603 in Lutjegast, a small village in the province of Groningen, in the north of the Netherlands. The oldest available source mentioning him is dated 27 December 1631 when, as a seafarer living in Amsterdam, the 28-year-old became engaged to marry 21-year-old Jannetje Tjaers, of Palmstraat in the Jordaan district of the city. Relocation to the Dutch East Indies Employed by the Dutch East India Company (VOC), Tasman sailed from Texel (Netherlands) to Batavia, now Jakarta, in 1633 taking the southern Brouwer Route. While based in Batavia, Tasman took part in a voyage to Seram Island (in what is now the Maluku Province in Indonesia) because the locals had sold spices to other European nationalities than the Dutch. He had a narrow escape from death when in an incautious landing several of his companions were killed by the inhabitants of the island. By August 1637, Tasman was back in Amsterdam, and the following year he signed on for another ten years and took his wife with him to Batavia. On 25 March 1638 he tried to sell his property in the Jordaan, but the purchase was cancelled. He was second-in-command of a 1639 expedition of exploration into the north Pacific under Matthijs Quast. The fleet included the ships Engel and Gracht and reached Fort Zeelandia (Dutch Formosa) and Deshima (an artificial island off Nagasaki, Japan). First major voyage In August 1642, the Council of the Indies, consisting of Antonie van Diemen, Cornelis van der Lijn, Joan Maetsuycker, Justus Schouten, Salomon Sweers, Cornelis Witsen, and Pieter Boreel in Batavia dispatched Tasman and Franchoijs Jacobszoon Visscher on a voyage of exploration to little-charted areas east of the Cape of Good Hope, west of Staten Land (near the Cape Horn of South America) and south of the Solomon Islands. One of the objectives was to obtain knowledge of ""all the totally unknown"" Provinces of Beach. This was a purported yet non-existent landmass said to have plentiful gold, which had appeared on European maps since the 15th century, as a result of an error in some editions of Marco Polo's works. The expedition was to use two small ships, Heemskerck and Zeehaen. Mauritius In accordance with Visscher's directions, Tasman sailed from Batavia on 14 August 1642 and arrived at Mauritius on 5 September 1642, according to the captain's journal. The reason for this was the crew could be fed well on the island; there was plenty of fresh water and timber to repair the ships. Tasman got the assistance of the governor Adriaan van der Stel. Because of the prevailing winds, Mauritius was chosen as a turning point. After a four-week stay on the island, both ships left on 8 October using the Roaring Forties to sail east as fast as possible. (No one had gone as far as Pieter Nuyts in 1626/27.) On 7 November, snow and hail influenced the ship's council to alter course to a more north-easterly direction, with the intention of having the Solomon Islands as their destination. Tasmania Coastal cliffs of Tasman Peninsula On 24 November 1642, Tasman reached and sighted the west coast of Tasmania, north of Macquarie Harbour. He named his discovery Van Diemen's Land, after Antonio van Diemen, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies. Proceeding south, Tasman skirted the southern end of Tasmania and turned north-east. He then tried to work his two ships into Adventure Bay on the east coast of South Bruny Island, but he was blown out to sea by a storm. This area he named Storm Bay. Two days later, on 1 December, Tasman anchored to the north of Cape Frederick Hendrick just north of the Forestier Peninsula. On 2 December, two ship's boats under the command of the Pilot, Major Visscher, rowed through the Marion Narrows into Blackman Bay, and then west to the outflow of Boomer Creek where they gathered some edible ""greens"". Tasman named the bay, Frederick Hendrik Bay, which included the present North Bay, Marion Bay and what is now Blackman Bay. (Tasman's original naming, Frederick Henrick Bay, was mistakenly transferred to its present location by Marion Dufresne in 1772). The next day, an attempt was made to land in North Bay. However, because the sea was too rough, a ship's carpenter swam through the surf and planted the Dutch flag. Tasman then claimed formal possession of the land on 3 December 1642. For two more days, he continued to follow the east coast northward to see how far it went. When the land veered to the north-west at Eddystone Point, he tried to follow the coast line but his ships were suddenly hit by the Roaring Forties howling through Bass Strait. Tasman was on a mission to find the Southern Continent not more islands, so he abruptly turned away to the east and continued his continent-hunting. New Zealand Murderers' Bay, drawing by Isaack Gilsemans Māori haka Tasman had intended to proceed in a northerly direction but as the wind was unfavourable he steered east. The expedition endured a rough voyage and in one of his diary entries Tasman claimed that his compass was the only thing that had kept him alive. On 13 December 1642 they sighted land on the north-west coast of the South Island of New Zealand, becoming the first Europeans to sight New Zealand. Tasman named it Staten Landt ""in honour of the States General"" (Dutch parliament). He wrote, ""it is possible that this land joins to the Staten Landt but it is uncertain"", referring to Isla de los Estados, a landmass of the same name at the southern tip of South America, encountered by the Dutch navigator Jacob Le Maire in 1616. However, in 1643 Brouwer's expedition to Valdivia found out that Staaten Landt was separated by sea from the hypothetical Southern Land. Tasman continued: ""We believe that this is the mainland coast of the unknown Southland."" Tasman thought he had found the western side of the long-imagined Terra Australis that stretched across the Pacific to near the southern tip of South America. After sailing north then east for five days, the expedition anchored about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the coast off what is now Golden Bay. A group of Māori paddled out in a waka (canoe) and attacked some sailors who were rowing between the two Dutch vessels. Four sailors were clubbed to death with patu. In the evening about one hour after sunset we saw many lights on land and four vessels near the shore, two of which betook themselves towards us. When our two boats returned to the ships reporting that they had found not less than thirteen fathoms of water, and with the sinking of the sun (which sank behind the high land) they had been still about half a mile from the shore. After our people had been on board about one glass, people in the two canoes began to call out to us in gruff, hollow voices. We could not in the least understand any of it; however, when they called out again several times we called back to them as a token answer. But they did not come nearer than a stone's shot. They also blew many times on an instrument, which produced a sound like the moors' trumpets. We had one of our sailors (who could play somewhat on the trumpet) play some tunes to them in answer."" As Tasman sailed out of the bay he observed 22 waka near the shore, of which ""eleven swarming with people came off towards us."" The waka approached the Zeehaen which fired and hit a man in the largest waka holding a small white flag. Canister shot also hit the side of a waka. It has been speculated that the local Maori had thought the Dutch were trying to land at a major agricultural area, which the Māori were trying to protect. Tasman named the area ""Murderers' Bay"". The expedition then sailed north, sighting Cook Strait, which it mistook for a bight and named ""Zeehaen's Bight"". Two names that the expedition gave to landmarks in the far north of New Zealand still endure: Cape Maria van Diemen and Three Kings Islands. (Kaap Pieter Boreels was renamed Cape Egmont by Captain James Cook 125 years later.) Return voyage Tongatapu, the main island of Tonga; drawing by Isaack Gilsemans The bay of Tongatapu with the two ships; drawing by Isaack Gilsemans En route back to Batavia, Tasman came across the Tongan archipelago on 20 January 1643. While passing the Fiji Islands Tasman's ships came close to being wrecked on the dangerous reefs of the north-eastern part of the Fiji group. He charted the eastern tip of Vanua Levu and Cikobia-i-Lau before making his way back into the open sea. The expedition turned north-west towards New Guinea and arrived back in Batavia on 15 June 1643. Second major voyage Tasman left Batavia on 30 January 1644 on his second voyage with three ships (Limmen, Zeemeeuw and the tender Braek). He followed the south coast of New Guinea eastwards in an attempt to find a passage to the eastern side of New Holland. However, he missed the Torres Strait between New Guinea and Australia, probably due to the numerous reefs and islands obscuring potential routes, and continued his voyage by following the shore of the Gulf of Carpentaria westwards along the north Australian coast. He mapped the north coast of Australia, making observations on New Holland and its people. He arrived back in Batavia in August 1644. From the point of view of the Dutch East India Company, Tasman's explorations were a disappointment: he had neither found a promising area for trade nor a useful new shipping route. Although Tasman was received courteously on his return, the company was upset that Tasman had not fully explored the lands he found, and decided that a more ""persistent explorer"" should be chosen for any future expeditions. For over a century, until the era of James Cook, Tasmania and New Zealand were not visited by Europeans; mainland Australia was visited, but usually only by accident. Later life On 2 November 1644, Abel Tasman was appointed a member of the Council of Justice in Batavia. He went to Sumatra in 1646, and in August 1647 to Siam (now Thailand) with letters from the company to the King. In May 1648, he was in charge of an expedition sent to Manila to try to intercept and loot the Spanish silver ships coming from America, but he had no success and returned to Batavia in January 1649. In November 1649, he was charged and found guilty of having in the previous year hanged one of his men without trial, was suspended from his office of commander, fined, and made to pay compensation to the relatives of the sailor. On 5 January 1651, he was formally reinstated in his rank and spent his remaining years at Batavia. He was in good circumstances, being one of the larger landowners in the town. He died at Batavia on 10 October 1659 and was survived by his second wife and a daughter by his first wife. His property was divided between his wife and his daughter. In his will (dating from 1657), he left 25 guilders to the poor of his village, Lutjegast. Although Tasman's pilot, Frans Visscher, published Memoir concerning the discovery of the South land in 1642, Tasman's detailed journal was not published until 1898. Nevertheless, some of his charts and maps were in general circulation and used by subsequent explorers. The journal signed by Abel Tasman of the 1642 voyage is held in the Dutch National Archives at The Hague. Legacy Tasman's ten-month voyage in 1642–43 had significant consequences. By circumnavigating Australia (albeit at a distance) Tasman proved that the small fifth continent was not joined to any larger sixth continent, such as the long-imagined Southern Continent. Further, Tasman's suggestion that New Zealand was the western side of that Southern Continent was seized upon by many European cartographers who, for the next century, depicted New Zealand as the west coast of a Terra Australis rising gradually from the waters around Tierra del Fuego. This theory was eventually disproved when Captain Cook circumnavigated New Zealand in 1769. Multiple places have been named after Tasman, including: the Australian island and state of Tasmania, renamed after him, formerly Van Diemen's land. It includes features such as: the Tasman Peninsula. the Tasman Bridge. the Tasman Highway. the Tasman Sea. in New Zealand: the Tasman Glacier. Tasman Lake. the Tasman River. Mount Tasman. the Abel Tasman National Park. Tasman Bay / Te Tai-o-Aorere. the Tasman District. Abel Tasman Monument.","Sure, here is summary about Abel Janszoon Tasman: Abel Janszoon Tasman (Dutch: [ˈɑbəl ˈjɑnsoːn ˈtɑsmɑn]; 1603 – 10 October 1659) was a Dutch seafarer and explorer best known for his voyages of 1642 and 1644 in the service of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). He was appointed by the VOC to explore the uncharted regions of the Southern Pacific Ocean and discovered Van Diemen's Land, Staten Landt, and Nieuw Zeeland. Despite his achievements, his expedition was not entirely successful due to a violent confrontation with the Māori people on the South Island of New Zealand. Nonetheless, his expedition paved the way for further exploration and colonization of Australia and New Zealand by the Europeans. Abel Tasman was born around 1603 in Lutjegast, a small village in the province of Groningen, in the north of the Netherlands. He served the Dutch East India Company until his death in 1659, leaving behind a legacy as one of the greatest explorers of his time. He was engaged to marry 21-year-old Jannetje Tjaers, of Palmstraat in the Jordaan district of the city, and took part in a voyage to Seram Island. He was second-in-command of a 1639 expedition of exploration into the north Pacific under Matthijs Quast, which reached Fort Zeelandia and Deshima. The Council of the Indies dispatched Tasman and Franchoijs Jacobszoon Visscher on a voyage to explore the Provinces of Beach, which had appeared on European maps since the 15th century. Tasman attempted to land in North Bay, but the sea was too rough, so he turned away and continued his continent-hunting. Tasman and his crew sighted land on the north-west coast of New Zealand, naming it Staten Landt in honour of the States General. Tasman's expedition encountered a group of Māori who attacked four sailors and named the area ""Murderers' Bay"". Tasman's second voyage was a disappointment for the Dutch East India Company, who decided that a more persistent explorer should be chosen for future expeditions. Tasman's voyage in 1642-43 proved that the small fifth continent was not joined to any larger sixth continent, and his suggestion that New Zealand was the western side of that Southern Continent was seized upon by European cartographers. Tasmanians have named places after him, including the Tasman Peninsula, Tasman Highway, Tasman Glacier, Tasman Lake, Mount Tasman, and Abel Tasman Monument.",summarization Which version of the church existed in 1809?,"The area was settled by Canary Islanders and Acadians from 1779 on and the parish was formed in 1793 with its first church being ""little more than a shack"". It was replaced by a more permanent one in 1819, which in turn was replaced by this one in 1856, quite close to the site of the 1793 church. The parish's governing ""Fabrique"", or council of wardens, reportedly appointed a committee to measure the Catholic church in Thibodaux, Louisiana, and","The original version of the church still existed in 1809, it was 10 years later that a more permanent one replaced it.",information_extraction Which movie(s) inspired the 2019 DC comic movie Joker?,,"The movie Joker is heavily influenced by 1970-1980 Martin Scorsese movies such as the The King of Comedy and Taxi Driver, the former of which is one of Scorseses' least-known movies. The titular character, Joker, is also created based on studies of mentally-ill main characters from the above-mentioned movies, Rupert Pupkin and Travis Bickle. The lead actor of both Scorsese movies, Robert De Niro, even played a role in Joker to pay homage to Rupert Pupkin.",open_qa "Which of the following does not fit with the others? Please explain your reasoning. Galaxy M81 Black Eye Galaxy Pinwheel Galaxy Andromeda Galaxy Sombrero Galaxy",,"Galaxy M81 does not fit with the other 4 in the list as M81is a designation rather than a proper name. The other 4 galaxies listed also have a designation, e.g Sombrero Galaxy is designated M104. M81 also has a proper name, Bode's Galaxy. But as listed, Galaxy M81 is distinct from the rest of the list.",classification What is the distance from the Earth to its moon?,,"The average distance to the moon is 382,500 kilometers. The distance varies because the moon travels around Earth in a elliptical orbit. At perigee, the point at which the moon is closest to Earth, the distance is approximately 360,000 kilometers.",open_qa Who is the main cast in Seinfeld TV show?,"Seinfeld (/ˈsaɪnfɛld/ SYNE-feld) is an American television sitcom created by Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld. It aired on NBC from July 5, 1989, to May 14, 1998, over nine seasons and 180 episodes. It stars Seinfeld as a fictionalized version of himself and focuses on his personal life with three of his friends: best friend George Costanza (Jason Alexander), former girlfriend Elaine Benes (Julia Louis-Dreyfus) and his neighbor from across the hall, Cosmo Kramer (Michael Richards). It is set mostly in an apartment building in Manhattan's Upper West Side in New York City. It has been described as ""a show about nothing"", often focusing on the minutiae of daily life. Interspersed in earlier episodes are moments of stand-up comedy from the fictional Jerry Seinfeld, frequently using the episode's events for material.","Jerry Seinfeld Jason Alexander Julia Louis-Dreyfus Michael Richards",closed_qa Is a tomato a fruit or a vegetable?,,"A tomato is technically a fruit. We know this because the seeds of a tomato are on the inside. However, tomatoes are typically thought of and treated as a vegetable. We roast them in the oven, add them to salads, and include them on vegetable trays with other vegetables. If you want to win a technicality content, you can call a tomato a fruit. But don't put them in a fruit salad.",classification Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name},"After Manny Pacquiao signed with Al Haymon in October 2018, reports circulated that Adrien Broner was the front-runner to face him in January 2019. Pacquiao confirmed on October 18 that the deal was almost complete. One month later on November 19, a press conference was held in New York City to confirm the fight between Pacquiao and Broner on January 19, 2019 for the WBA (Regular) welterweight title. Pacquiao reunited with long-time trainer Freddie Roach who supervised the whole training camp while Buboy Fernandez did the mitts and physical parts of the training due to Pacquiao's concern of Roach's health. The fight took place at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada and was distributed by Showtime PPV.","• Manny Pacquiao • Al Haymon • Adrien Broner • Freddie Roach • Buboy Fernandez",information_extraction "Classify each of these are a television show or a movie: Die Hard, The Wire, Greatest American Hero, Better Call Saul, Raiders of the Lost Ark, E.T., and Family Ties.",,"The television shows in this list include The Wire, Greatest American Hero, Better Call Saul, and Family Ties. The movies in this list include Die Hard, Raiders of the Lost Ark, and E.T.",classification "Which of these episodes of The X-Files were directed by Kim Manners? Redux, Redux II, Unusual Suspects, Detour, Christmas Carol, Emily, Kitsunegari",,"Redux II, Unusual Suspects, Emily",classification What are some examples of diseconomies of scale?,"In microeconomics, economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation, and are typically measured by the amount of output produced per unit of time. A decrease in cost per unit of output enables an increase in scale. At the basis of economies of scale, there may be technical, statistical, organizational or related factors to the degree of market control. This is just a partial description of the concept. Economies of scale apply to a variety of the organizational and business situations and at various levels, such as a production, plant or an entire enterprise. When average costs start falling as output increases, then economies of scale occur. Some economies of scale, such as capital cost of manufacturing facilities and friction loss of transportation and industrial equipment, have a physical or engineering basis. The economic concept dates back to Adam Smith and the idea of obtaining larger production returns through the use of division of labor. Diseconomies of scale are the opposite. Economies of scale often have limits, such as passing the optimum design point where costs per additional unit begin to increase. Common limits include exceeding the nearby raw material supply, such as wood in the lumber, pulp and paper industry. A common limit for a low cost per unit weight commodities is saturating the regional market, thus having to ship product uneconomic distances. Other limits include using energy less efficiently or having a higher defect rate. Large producers are usually efficient at long runs of a product grade (a commodity) and find it costly to switch grades frequently. They will, therefore, avoid specialty grades even though they have higher margins. Often smaller (usually older) manufacturing facilities remain viable by changing from commodity-grade production to specialty products. Economies of scale must be distinguished from economies stemming from an increase in the production of a given plant. When a plant is used below its optimal production capacity, increases in its degree of utilization bring about decreases in the total average cost of production. As noticed, among the others, by Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen (1966) and Nicholas Kaldor (1972) these economies are not economies of scale.","Examples of diseconomies of scale include: using energy less efficiently, over-saturating a regional market, exceeding the local raw material supply, higher production switching costs leading to inability to pivot to higher margin products (reduced agility), and having a higher defect rate.",summarization What are three uses of a sheet besides bedding?,,"A sheet can be used as a ghost costume, a room divider for additional privacy, and as rags for cleaning the house.",brainstorming What are the best beach family vacation spots on the east coast?,,"International: Aruba, Mexico, Dominican Republic. Domestic: Florida, Texas, outerbanks in North Carolina",brainstorming What is the least common birthday in the US other than Feb 29?,"In the United States between 1973 and 1999, September 16 is the most common birthday in the United States and December 25 the least common birthday (other than February 29, because of leap years). In 2011, October 5 and 6 were reported as the most frequently occurring birthdays.","The least common birthday in the United States between 1973 and 1999, excluding February 29, is December 25.",closed_qa Ideas on how to cure my dog's red paws.,,"Rest your dog. Inspect your dog's paws for injuries. Treat your dog's paws with an antibiotic solution or anti-fungal solution. Consider your dog's diet and potential food allergies. Inspect your dog's regular physical environment for possible sources of allergy or injury. Have your dog's paws inspected by a veterinarian. Consider using a device to prevent your dog from licking it's paws until the condition subsides.",brainstorming Please provide a brief summary describing Canada,"Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline. It is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. The country is sparsely inhabited, with the vast majority residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.","Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline. It is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. The country is sparsely inhabited, with the vast majority residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster, 1931, and culminating in the Canada Act 1982, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary liberal democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition. The country's head of government is the prime minister, who holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons and is ""called upon"" by the governor general, representing the monarch of Canada, the head of state. The country is a Commonwealth realm and is officially bilingual (English and French) in the federal jurisdiction. It is very highly ranked in international measurements of government transparency, quality of life, economic competitiveness, innovation, and education. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration. Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its history, economy, and culture. A highly developed country, Canada has one of the highest nominal per capita income globally and its advanced economy ranks among the largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Canada is part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations, NATO, G7, Group of Ten, G20, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization (WTO), Commonwealth of Nations, Arctic Council, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and Organization of American States.",summarization How long was the longest slide in the Unilever Series?,"Test Site was an art installation, that was displayed in the turbine hall of Tate Modern in London, UK, between October 2006 and 9 April 2007. Test Site was designed like Carsten Höller, and was the seventh commission of the series of works in the turbine hall sponsored by Unilever known as ""The Unilever Series"". The exhibit consisted of a series of metal slides. There were a total of five slides, two starting on the second floor, and one on each floor after that up to the 5th floor. The slides were composed of metal and fibreglass, and covered all the way around. Visitors could slide down the slides of the installation free, but timed entry tickets were required for all but the second floor slides.",The longest slide covered 5 floors (approximately 60 feet) from the 5th floor to the ground floor,summarization "Classify each of the following as creative or analytical: painting, math, physics, chemistry, drawing, filming",,"Painting: Creative Math: Analytical Physics: Analytical Chemistry: Analytical Drawing: Creative Filming: Creative",classification "What does FAS, MTO and ATO stand for?","Final Assembly Schedule, often abbreviated as FAS and sometimes referred to as finishing schedule, is a schedule of end items to finish the product for specific customer orders in a make to order (MTO) or assemble-to-order (ATO) environment.","FAS = Final Assembly Schedule MTO = make to order ATO = assemble-to-order",closed_qa How to prepare without baking dessert recipe -Banana Pudding?,,"Take a casserole mold. Layer the mold's base with cookies of your choice. Slice up 1½ - 2 bananas and layer them above the cookies. The pudding mixture can be made by following the instructions on the box. Mix the tub of Cool Whip well before pouring it above the pudding mixture. Pour half of the pudding mix on the first layer of bananas and cookies. Add more bananas and cookies, followed by more pudding mixture. Repeat the process to add more layers. Use cookie crumbs and sprinkle on top. Refrigerate until serving.",brainstorming Which team was relegated from the league at the conclusion of the 1991 Season?,"Waterside Karori were relegated at the end of the 1990 season, to be replaced by the winner of a play-off series between teams from the northern, central, and southern leagues (Mount Albert-Ponsonby, Nelson United, and Burndale United respectively). Nelson United won the series to gain promotion, but there is some controversy about their participation in the play-offs as they had only finished second in the central regional league, which was won by Petone. Gisborne City were relegated at the end of the 1991 season",Gisborne City,information_extraction "Classify the following shapes as either two dimensional or three dimensional: cube, circle, sphere, triangle, cone, rhombus, square, and pyramid.",,"A cube, sphere, cone, and pyramid are three dimensional. A circle, triangle, rhombus, and square are two dimensional.",classification "Measured in feet, what was the length of the gun barrel produced by Philip Webley & Son of Birmingham discussed in the above passage?","The British Bull Dog was a popular type of solid-frame pocket revolver introduced by Philip Webley & Son of Birmingham, England, in 1872, and subsequently copied by gunmakers in continental Europe and the United States. It featured a 2.5-inch (64 mm) barrel and was chambered for .442 Webley or .450 Adams cartridges, with a five-round cylinder. Webley produced smaller scaled .320 Revolver and .380 calibre versions later, but did not mark them with the British Bull Dog name.",0.208 feet,closed_qa "Tell me if these teams are in or out of the NBA Playoffs for this year, Orlando Magic, Detroit Pistons, Boston Celtics, Dallas Mavericks, and Phoenix Suns",,"The teams from your list that are in the Playoffs are Boston Celtics & Phoenix Suns. The remainder, is not in this years playoffs, those are the Orlando Magic, Detroit Pistons, & Dallas Mavericks.",classification "Write a short story about an inn staffed by bears, birds, and sea creatures. The story should include details about the staff and the activities that the inn offers.",,"There once was a small inn in San Francisco called the Crab Inn. Its proprietor was a friendly and hard-working stone crab named Joe. Joe was an inspiring leader and had a knack for managing diverse species, thus he had attracted a sizable contingent of bears and birds to work at the inn. His most valued employees were a large polar bear who served as CFO, and a brown bear from Britain who was the hotel’s concierge. Additional staff members included a large brown bear who ran the shipping and receiving department, and a hen whose feathers made her an excellent housekeeper. Security was provided by a retired Canadian police bear and a retired British police bear. And because Joe recognized the importance of staying at the forefront of innovation, the inn employed a mole to research new hotel concepts. Lastly, the inn had a small polar bear on retainer as their attorney, and an Irish doctor bear to look after the medical needs of the staff and the very occasional guest who would stay at the inn. Amazingly, Joe and his CFO had convinced the staff to work in return only for housing and an occasional chocolate coin. Although the inn was very small, it offered guests various activities. The most popular was a whale watching cruise. Although the ship’s captain, a penguin, was not a skilled navigator, guests were guaranteed whale sightings on every voyage because the whales worked for the inn. The inn’s spa was focused on a small gym facility, and an emotional support bear offered counseling services so that guests could heal both their bodies and minds. The most popular guest dining spot was al fresco in the inn’s award-winning garden, where a pair of geese served as bartender and wine sommelier. Lastly, guests enjoyed parties organized by the hotel’s panda bear to watch broadcasts of local sports teams on the inn’s large television.",creative_writing "I'm researching suburbs in the city of Brisbane. Please tell me which suburbs are north of the Brisbane River, and which are on the south. Annerley, Albion, West End, Kangaroo Point, Greenslopes, Windsor, Hamilton, Nundah, Cannon Hill, Kelvin Grove, Toowong, Milton",,"Albion, Windsor, Hamilton, Nundah, Kelvin Grove, Toowong and Milton are all Brisbane suburbs that are north of the Brisbane River. Annerley, West End, Kangaroo Point, Greenslopes and Cannon Hill are all Brisbane suburbs that are south of the Brisbane River.",classification "Write a polite e-mail from my cat to the neighbor's cat, asking it to please stay out of his special area of the lawn.",,"Dear Mittens, How are you? It's been a lovely summer so far, and I can see that you are enjoying the great outdoors like I am. Our backyard has some lovely sunny spots to warm up in. You are most welcome to visit whenever you like. However, may I make one request? The southwest corner of the lawn beyond the oak tree is my special warming spot. I regularly use it and would be grateful if you could instead use another area if you visit, like the concrete slab immediately west. Gratefully, Grumpers",creative_writing "classify the following spending items as either grocery, entertainment, food & drink, travel, bills: costco, netflix, uber, restaurant, rent, lyft",,"costco should be grocery, netflix should be entertainment, uber should be travel, restaurant should be food & drink, rent should be bills, lyft should be travel",classification "Tell me whether each of these are green or blue: grass, water, leaf, sky, sapphire, kale",,"Grass: Green Water: Blue Leaf: Green Sky: Blue Sapphire: Blue Kale: Green",classification "Classify each as being used on water or land: jet ski, boat, car, bike, kayak, skateboard",,"Jet Ski: Water Boat: Water Car: Land Bike: Land Kayak: Water Skateboard: Land",classification What are some of the most popular card games?,,"- Poker - Bridge - Blackjack - Rummy - Crazy Eights - Spades - Hearts - War - Solitaire",brainstorming "Tell me whether each of these wine regions is in California or Italy: Napa, Sonoma, Healdsburg, Tuscany, Veneto",,"Napa: California Sonoma: California Healdsburg: California Tuscany: Italy Veneto: Italy",classification how is white rice made?,,"White rice is produced from brown rice. Around the outside of the brown rice is a bran layer which is removed, and then a germ is removed. What is left behind is a starchy composition. During this process most of the vitamins and minerals are removed. This is why brown rice is usually preferred as a healthier alternative to white rice. White rice is has no nutritional value because the nutrition has been stripped from it during the production process of making white rice.",open_qa Write something you may never forget.,,"One experience that has stayed with me is the time I almost got arrested at Tokyo airport. I was traveling from Dallas to Shanghai and had a layover in Tokyo. While waiting to board my next flight, I heard my name called and was brought to a small room where several police officers were waiting. They politely asked to inspect my suitcase, and I nervously agreed. I had assumed that it may cased by safety shoe inside, but to my surprise, they found three bullets in my suitcase that I had kept as a memory from a hunting activity. When they asked if they were real, I truthfully replied yes. They called someone from the lab, and almost 10 people came to take a look at the bullets. I tried to explain that they were from a legal hunting activity in the USA, but I had just forgotten to clear them before traveling. Luckily, they gave me a release form, but unfortunately, my flight had already departed, and it was the last one for that day. I had to re-book another flight for the following day. It was a stressful and frustrating experience, but I learned an important lesson to always check and clear my suitcase before traveling.",creative_writing What are some common vegetables and fruits to put on tacos?,,"Common produce to put on tacos includes lettuce, tomatoe, onions, peppers, radishes, mushrooms, avocados, cauliflower, corn, cucumbers, cabbage, pineapple, olives, sweet potatoes, and eggplant.",brainstorming Extract the names of the climbers who pioneered The Nose route on El Captain. List them in order by date first and then alphabetically by last name. Format them {Year} - {Name}. Separate the pairs with a semicolon.,"The Nose was climbed in 1958 by Warren Harding, Wayne Merry and George Whitmore in 47 days using ""siege"" tactics: climbing in an expedition style using fixed ropes along the length of the route, linking established camps along the way. The fixed manila ropes allowed the climbers to ascend and descend from the ground throughout the 18-month project, although they presented unique levels of danger as well, sometimes breaking due to the long exposure to cold temperatures. The climbing team relied heavily on aid climbing, using rope, pitons and expansion bolts to make it to the summit. The second ascent of The Nose was in 1960 by Royal Robbins, Joe Fitschen, Chuck Pratt and Tom Frost, who took seven days in the first continuous climb of the route without siege tactics. The first solo climb of The Nose was done by Tom Bauman in 1969. The first ascent of The Nose in one day was accomplished in 1975 by John Long, Jim Bridwell and Billy Westbay.",1958 - Warren Harding; 1958 - Wayne Merry; 1958 - George Whitmore; 1960 - Joe Fitschen; 1960 - Tom Frost; 1960 - Chuck Pratt; 1960 - Royal Robbins; 1969 - Tom Bauman; 1975 - Jim Bridwell; 1975 - John Long; 1975 - Billy Westbay,information_extraction Why did my cookies turn out flat?,,"Many factors contribute to a flat cookie. The biggest one tends to be the temperature of the butter when the ingredients are mixed together. If you want a taller, more dense cookie, it is recommended you use cold butter. The best way to do this is to take your sticks of butter and cut it into cubes or slices. Then your mixer will have an easier time incorporating the butter into the sugars and other ingredients. Melted butter will definitely result in a thinner more flat cookie.",creative_writing "Describe a plan for a road trip from Las Vegas to West Grand Canyon, including stops for visiting Hoover Dam and lunch. Your plan should include a budget, a timeline, and a description of the sights, for a group of 7 friends.",,"That's a great road trip! A group of 7 people can fit perfectly on a 7 seat car that you can rent in one of the many providers in Las Vegas. Start your day early in the morning to get the car and pick up your friends. From there your first destination is going to be the Hoover Dam, around 40 minutes by car from Las Vegas. Take your time to take pictures from the bridge and then go the dam, you can visit inside, the self-guided ticket is $10. You will be there for a couple of hours. After these you need to go south east and take a turn to Dolan Springs, this will be an hour driving, so by that time you are around lunch time, which will cost you approximately $15. From Dolan Sprints it's a straight 50 minutes ride to the West Grand Canyon. In the road you will find midway the Arizona's Joshua Tree Forest. Take the time to appreciate it, as well as the desert along the way. When you arrive at the West Grand Canyon, you can buy the $70 general admission ticket + Skywalk. This gives you unlimited access for the day to Eagle Point, Guano Point, Hualapai Ranch and the Skywalk experience. You can walk the sky on the 10-foot wide, horseshoe-shaped glass bridge that extends 70 feet over the rim of the Grand Canyon. When leaving the West Grand Canyon the trip back to Las Vegas takes 2h. You will need to refill the tank, before returning the vehicle to the car renting company. The renting for the day and the gas will cost around $35 per person. Depending on your pace, this is a morning and afternoon road trip. With an estimated cost of $130 per person.",creative_writing "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Carolina Parakeet, Orangutan",,"Orangutan is alive, Carolina Parakeet is extinct.",classification What is the capital of Spain and what is it's population?,,The capital of Spain is Madrid and it has approximately 3.4 million people,open_qa Where is Jordan Spieth from?,,"Dallas, Texas",open_qa "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Silver Surfer, Martian Manhunter",,"Martin Manhunter is DC, Silver Surfer is Marvel",classification Extract the most recent upper bound and low bound of the sofa constant and return them in the format {Bound Type} - {Bound Value}.,"Work has been done on proving that the sofa constant (A) cannot be below or above certain values (lower bounds and upper bounds). Lower An obvious lower bound is A \geq \pi/2 \approx 1.57. This comes from a sofa that is a half-disk of unit radius, which can rotate in the corner. John Hammersley derived a lower bound of A \geq \pi/2 + 2/\pi \approx 2.2074 based on a shape resembling a telephone handset, consisting of two quarter-disks of radius 1 on either side of a 1 by 4/\pi rectangle from which a half-disk of radius. In 1992, Joseph L. Gerver of Rutgers University described a sofa described by 18 curve sections each taking a smooth analytic form. This further increased the lower bound for the sofa constant to approximately 2.2195. Upper Hammersley also found an upper bound on the sofa constant, showing that it is at most 2\sqrt{2} \approx 2.8284. Yoav Kallus and Dan Romik proved a new upper bound in June 2017, capping the sofa constant at 2.37.","The soft constant has the following bounds: Upper Bound - 2.37, Lower Bound - 2.2195.",information_extraction Is Mount Saint Helens still active?,"Mount St. Helens (known as Lawetlat'la to the indigenous Cowlitz people, and Loowit or Louwala-Clough to the Klickitat) is an active stratovolcano located in Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It lies 52 miles (83 km) northeast of Portland, Oregon, and 98 miles (158 km) south of Seattle. Mount St. Helens takes its English name from that of the British diplomat Lord St Helens, a friend of explorer George Vancouver who surveyed the area in the late 18th century. The volcano is part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire. The Mount St. Helens major eruption of May 18, 1980 remains the deadliest and most economically destructive volcanic event in U.S. history. Fifty-seven people were killed; 200 homes, 47 bridges, 15 miles (24 km) of railways, and 185 miles (298 km) of highway were destroyed. A massive debris avalanche, triggered by a magnitude 5.1 earthquake, caused a lateral eruption that reduced the elevation of the mountain's summit from 9,677 ft (2,950 m) to 8,363 ft (2,549 m), leaving a 1 mile (1.6 km) wide horseshoe-shaped crater. The debris avalanche was 0.6 cubic miles (2.5 km3) in volume. The 1980 eruption disrupted terrestrial ecosystems near the volcano. By contrast, aquatic ecosystems in the area greatly benefited from the amounts of ash, allowing life to multiply rapidly. Six years after the eruption, most lakes in the area had returned to their normal state. After its 1980 eruption, the volcano experienced continuous volcanic activity until 2008. Geologists predict that future eruptions will be more destructive, as the configuration of the lava domes requires more pressure to erupt. However, Mount St. Helens is a popular hiking spot and it is climbed year-round. In 1982, the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument was established by President Ronald Reagan and the U.S. Congress.","Mount St. Helens, located in the sate of Washington is considered an active volcano.",closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Flexatone, Ek Tare",,"Ek Tare is string, Flexatone is percussion.",classification Where can the Amorphoscelis elegans be found,,"Amorphoscelis elegans is a species of praying mantis found in Ghana, Guinea, Togo, and Equatorial Guinea (Bioko).",open_qa Please provide a bulleted list of the wildfire history that have affected the Santa Barbara area.,"Since the middle of the twentieth century, several destructive fires have affected Santa Barbara: the 1964 Coyote Fire, which burned 67,000 acres (270 km2) of backcountry along with 106 homes; the smaller, but quickly moving, Sycamore Fire in 1977, which burned 200 homes; the disastrous 1990 Painted Cave Fire, which incinerated over 500 homes in only several hours, during an intense Sundowner wind event; the November 2008 Tea Fire, which destroyed 210 homes in the foothills of Santa Barbara and Montecito; and the 2009 Jesusita Fire that burned 8,733 acres (35.34 km2) and destroyed 160 homes above the San Roque region of Santa Barbara. The Thomas Fire burned from its origins in Santa Paula 60 miles (100 km) to the east of Santa Barbara and consumed 281,893 acres (1,140.78 km2) in Santa Barbara and Ventura counties, most of which consisted of rural land and wilderness areas. The fire started December 4, 2017, and was 100% contained by January 12, 2018. 1,050 structures were lost in the Thomas Fire, mostly east of Santa Barbara in Ventura County. The Thomas Fire has been the largest Santa Barbara County fire ever recorded to date.","- 1964 Coyote Fire: Destroyed 106 structures and burned 67,000 acres - 1977 Sycamore Fire: Destroyed 200 structures - 1990 Painted Cave Fire: Destroyed 500 structures - 2008 Tea Fire: Destroyed 210 structures - 2009 Jesusita Fire: Destroyed 160 structures and burned 8,733 acres - 2017 Thomas Fire: Destroyed 1,050 structures and burned 281,893 acres",summarization "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Water buffalo, Eastern honey bee",,"Eastern honey bee is wild, Water buffalo is domesticated",classification How do you cook the perfect pizza?,,"The first thing you must do is preheat your oven up as high as it will go. It takes longer than you think to heat your oven up all the way! You want to give your oven at least 30 minutes to preheat. If you have a pizza stone, make sure it’s inside the preheating oven. For highend ovens, this can be up to 550 degrees F. For regular ovens, they are not going above 475 F. Pizza is traditionally cooked in 900 or 1,000 degree ovens. We can’t get our ovens at home quite that hot, but we want to get as close as we can. Figure out what your oven can do and crank up the heat. Start out with about 12-16 ounces of dough. Any pizza dough, homemade or store bought, will work for this recipe. Place your ball of dough in the center of your work surface and use your hands to press it down, starting from the center. Keep gently patting out the dough, moving the dough outward from the center. I like to leave a pretty healthy crust on the edges of my dough. Continue patting and stretching the dough gently with your hands until it is about 12 inches across. Of course you can use a rolling pin if you want! (Use your hands to lift up the edges of the pizza when you are done to get more a lip for the crust.) At this point, transfer the dough to a square of parchment paper. I highly recommend using parchment paper because it’s SO much easier transferring your pizza into the oven. Stretch and arrange the dough on the parchment paper. The dough shrinks a bit when you pick it up to transfer, just gently stretch it out again. Drizzle a bit of olive oil over the top of your dough. Use your hands or a pastry brush to rub the oil all over the top of the dough, especially the edges of the crust. This layer of oil helps the toppings stay separate from the dough, helping it cook more evenly. It also tastes delicious, especially on your crust. Once the oven is up to temperature, we are going to do a 1 to 2 minute par bake. Some of my favorite pizza toppings: Just Cheese: Any will work: Mozzarella, Fontina, Parmesan, and Gorgonzola would be amazing. Pepperoni Meat Lovers: Pepperoni, salami, Italian sausage, ham, bacon Hawaiian: Canadian bacon, pineapple Margherita: fresh mozzarella, fresh basil, tomatoes BBQ: Use barbecue sauce instead of tomato sauce, then rotisserie chicken, red onions, bacon Veggie pizza: spinach, tomato, corn, peppers, red onion, mushrooms Buffalo: Use Frank’s sauce instead of tomato sauce, then add rotisserie chicken, garlic, blue cheese, red onions Once your pizza is in the oven, you need to cook it for about 8-12 minutes. This is of course going to depend on how hot your oven is, and how thick your pizza is. The crust should be golden brown, and the cheese should be bubbly and also starting to brown. If you don’t have a pizza stone, use a spatula to lift the edge of your pizza to make sure that it is browning all across the center on bottom. If the bottom is still white, you are looking at a doughy pizza. Leave it in longer.",creative_writing "Identify the bird from the list: Zebra, Brambling, Blackfish",,Brambling,classification What are the 4 oceans on earth,,"Atlantic Ocean Arctic Ocean Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean",open_qa "Classify each of the following as either a citrus fruit or non citrus-fruit: apples, pears, watermelons, lemons, clementines, mandarines",,"Apples are not a citrus fruit. Pears are not a citrus fruit. Watermelons are not a citrus fruit. Lemons are a citrus fruit. Clementines are a citrus fruit. Mandarines are a citrus fruit.",classification Classify these animals as either a reptile or an amphibian,,"crocodile, snake, alligator, frog, salamander",classification "Give me a list of the Adventure motorbikes that I can buy on my LAMS (Learner Approved Motorcycle Scheme) restriction, living in Australia",,"This is not a comprehensive list but you can use this as a starting point: Kawasaki Versys-X 300 Kawazaki KLR650 Honda CRF300 Rally BMW G 310 GS KTM 390 Adventure Honda CB500XA Yamaha XT250 Yamaha WR250R Suzuki V-Strom 650XT Royal Enfield Himalayan Suzuki DRZ400/DR650",open_qa Give me a bulleted list of the the first five books in the bible old testament?,,"The first five books of the bible old testament are called the Pentateuch or the books of law 1) The Book of Genesis - is an account of the creation of the world, the early history of humanity, and of Israel's ancestors and the origins of the Jewish people. 2) The Book of Exodus - is the second book of the Bible. It narrates the story of the Exodus, in which the Israelites leave slavery in Biblical Egypt through the strength of Yahweh, who has chosen them as his people. 3) The Book of Leviticus - The book has several main topics, some of which are the Jewish laws of sacrificing to God, and the work of the priests. These priests are sometimes known as Levites 4) The Book of Numbers - is the culmination of the story of Israel's exodus from oppression in Egypt and their journey to take possession of the land God promised their fathers. 5) The Book of Deuteronomy - is the covenant that binds Yahweh and Israel by oaths of fidelity and obedience. God will give Israel blessings of the land, fertility, and prosperity so long as Israel is faithful to God's teaching; disobedience will lead to curses and punishment.",brainstorming Name some of the top basketball players,,"Michael Jordan Steph Curry Magic Johnson Larry Bird Kobe Bryant Kevin Durant Lebron James",open_qa How are rocks formed?,,"Rocks are formed from molten rock from volcanos. When the lava cools new earth is formed after it solidifies. Sediment rocks are forms when particles in the air settle because of rain, or when minerals from water gather and cause mineral scale. You also get rocks when layers of earth (e.g. dirt) build on top of each other and compress the layers beneath it for millions of years.",open_qa What is the effective interest rate (EIR)?,,"The effective interest rate (EIR), effective annual interest rate, annual equivalent rate (AER) or simply effective rate is the percentage of interest on a loan or financial product if compound interest accumulates over a year during which no payments are made. It is the compound interest payable annually in arrears, based on the nominal interest rate. It is used to compare the interest rates between loans with different compounding periods, such as weekly, monthly, half-yearly or yearly.",open_qa What Is the Population of San Francisco and the Bay Area?,,"The U.S. Census estimates the 2022 population of the City and County of San Francisco to be 808,437, representing a loss of 65,000 people and 7.5% compared to 2020. The city’s population dropped by 7.2% between 2020 and 2021, but only by 0.3% from 2021 to 2022. A closer look at the Bay Area numbers tells a more dramatic story: The nine-county region has lost a quarter million residents between 2020 and 2022, or a 3.2% decline. The exodus left the 2022 population of the SF Bay Area at 7.5 million.",open_qa What is a polygon?,,"A polygon is a form in Geometry. It is a single dimensional plane made of connecting lines and any number of vertices. It is a closed chain of connected line segments or edges. The vertices of the polygon are formed where two edges meet. Examples of polygons are hexagons, pentagons, and octagons. Any plane that does not contain edges or vertices is not a polygon. An example of a non-polygon is a circle.",open_qa "Identify the bird from the list: Racoon, Golden eagle, Anteater",,Golden eagle,classification "Here's a list of the key characters in the TV Series Picard who also appeared in another Star Trek franchise series': Jean-Luc Picard, Data, Seven of Nine, Deanna Troi, William Riker, Q, Borg Queen, and Wesley Crusher. List the characters, sorted by the original series in which they appeared.",,"All of the characters first appeared on either The Next Generation or Voyager. The Next Generation: Jean-Luc Picard, Data, Deanna Troi, William Riker, Q, and Wesley Crusher. Voyager: Seven of Nine and Borg Queen",classification "Make a list, using dot points, of the five foods I might find in the dairy section of a supermarket",,"You will likely find the following items in the dairy section at a supermarket: - milk - cheese - yoghurt - cream - eggs",brainstorming "If we didn't want to risk a having a flat tire, which of these vehicles would we avoid: bus, car, truck, plane, train, kayak, helicopter.",,"Flat tires are only possible on a car, bus and truck, so avoid those. You can take a plane, train, kayak or helicopter without risking having a flat tire.",classification What is the time value of money?,,The time value of money is a concept in finance that reflects that money in the future is usually worth a smaller amount than the same amount of money today. The reason for this is that money today could be invested and earn a return that would make it worth a larger amount in the future.,open_qa "Give me the list of top 10 movies of all time, by IMDB rating. Format: Title (Release Date) Rating",,"These are the top 10 movies based on their IMDB rating: 1. The Shawshank Redemption (1994) 9.2 2. The Godfather (1972) 9.2 3. The Dark Knight (2008) 9.0 4. The Godfather Part II (1974) 9.0 5. 12 Angry Men (1957) 9.0 6. Schindler's List (1993) 8.9 7. The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) 8.9 8. Pulp Fiction (1994) 8.8 9. The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) 8.8 10. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966) 8.8",open_qa How many of Farington's buildings are designated Grade 3?,"Farington is a civil parish in the South Ribble district of Lancashire, England. It contains seven listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. All of the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to ""buildings of national importance and special interest"". The parish is largely residential and contains the former villages of Farington and Farington Moss. The listed buildings comprise houses and associated structures, and a church.",None of Farington's buildings are designated Grade 3. All of Farington's buildings are designated Grade II (Grade 2).,closed_qa "Classify these cities into the countries that they are in. Paris, Munich, Frankfurt, Nice, Lyon, Dresden",,"France - Paris, Nice, Lyon Germany - Munich, Frankfurt, Dresden",classification Which of the following films came out in the 40s?,"La buenaventura (1934) Grand Canary (1934) Tripping Through the Tropics (1934) Tres Amores (1934) El cantante de Napoles (1935) Julieta Buys a Son (1935) Rosa de Francia (1935) El crimen de media noche (1936) El capitan Tormenta (1936) Song of the Gringo (1936) Fiesta (1941) The Face of Marble (1946) Gilda (1946) Two Years Before the Mast (1946) Secret Beyond the Door... (1947) Secret of the Incas (1954) The Rose Tattoo (1955) The Bottom of the Bottle (1956) Lawman (1959 episode ""The Outsider"") as Mrs. Lebeau","Fiesta The Face of Marble Gilda Two Years Before the Mast Secret Beyond the Door...",information_extraction "Classify each of these bands as Polish death metal, Norwegian death metal, or K-Pop: BTS, EXO, Red Velvet, Cadaver, Darkthrone, Behemoth, Vader, Empatic, Girls' Generation, TWICE, Blood Red Throne, Emperor, Gorgoroth, Decapitated",,"Polish death metal bands: Behemoth, Vader, Empatic, Decapitated Norwegian death metal bands: Cadaver, Darkthrone, Blood Red Throne, Emperor, Gorgoroth K-Pop bands: BTS, EXO, Red Velvet, Girls' Generation, TWICE",classification "Classify each of the following as a flower or a tree: rose, tulip, oak, spruce, pine, orchid",,"Rose: Flower Tulip: Flower Oak: Tree Spruce: Tree Pine: Tree Orchid: Flower",classification "From the text, extract the locations in which outrigger vessels are present in. Separate them with commas.","These vessels were the first true ocean-going ships, and are an important part of the Austronesian heritage. They were the vessels that enabled the Austronesian expansion from Taiwan into the islands of both the Indian and Pacific Ocean from around 3000 BC. They comprise the bulk of traditional boats in Island Southeast Asia, Island Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, and Madagascar. They have spread to other cultures Austronesians came into contact with, notably in Sri Lanka and southern India as well as in the coast of East Africa. In modern times, outrigger vessels are used in the sport of sailing. Catamaran and trimaran configurations are also widely used for high speed craft.","Taiwan, Island Southeast Asia, Island Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, southern India, East Africa",information_extraction "Tell me whether these are alcoholic drinks or non-alcoholic drinks: soda, wine, milk, beer, fruit juice, sparkling water, vodka, tequila",,"Soda: non-alcoholic Wine: alcoholic Milk: non-alcoholic Beer: alcoholic Fruit juice: non-alcoholic Sparkling water: non-alcoholic Vodka: alcoholic Tequila: alcoholic",classification "Classify the following numbers as 'odd' or 'even' - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16.",,"'odd', 'even', 'odd', 'even', 'odd', 'even', 'odd', 'even', 'odd', 'even', 'odd', 'even', 'odd', 'even', 'odd', 'even'.",classification "Classify the below natural satellites based on the whether they are moon of Mars or Jupiter.  Phobos, Deimos, Europa, Ganymede",,"Mars - Phobos, Deimos Jupiter - Europa, Ganymede",classification What are some examples of headwear?,,"- Baseball cap - Visor - Skull cap - Yamaka - Beanie - Cowboy hat - Helmet - Headband",brainstorming What are good Virtual Reality concepts?,,"Time travel, educational training, deceased consciousness simulation, planet exploration",brainstorming Give me a list of white wine varieties I should try,,"- Chardonnay - Viura (a.k.a Macabeo and Macabeu) - Trebbiano - Marsanne - Savagnin - Sauvignon Blanc - Grenache Blanc - Roussanne - Riesling - Grüner Veltliner - Aligoté - Jacquère - Rkatsiteli - Assyrtiko - Pinot Gris (a.k.a. Pinot Grigio) - Pinot Blanc - Garganega - Godello - Clairette Blanche - Bourboulenc - Xarel-lo - Gewürztraminer - Viognier - Chenin Blanc - Semillon",brainstorming "Plan a 10-15 day trip from bay area to Arizona, Las Vegas, San Diego, Los Angeles",,"If you are starting from the Bay area you can follow the following circuit for a fun road trip: - Day 1: Drive to LA. Rest for the night - Day 2: Spend in LA - Visit Hollywood bowl overlook, LA county museum, Universal Studios, Beverly Hill - Day 3:  Drive to San Diego. Spend time at Laguna Beach. - Day 4: Across days 3 and 4 plan to explore Pt Lomas, La Jolla, downtown San Diego, hotel Coronado, Japanese Garden, and old town (only after 7 pm) - Day 5: Drive to Joshua Tree. - Day 6: Spend at Joshua Tree. Do short hikes across the park, and visit the cholla cactus garden, hidden valley loop, skull rock, and arch rock. End day at Keys views for sunset. If it is a new moon night, spend the night time stargazing. - Day 7: Drive to Arizona. Visit Grand Canyon - Day 8: Spend the day at Sedona - Day 9: Drive from Grand Canyon to Page. Stay at Page for a night. Visit Lower Antelope Canyon, lake Powell. Visit Horse Shoe Bend - Day 10: Drive from Page to Las Vegas. Check out the Vegas Strip and visit all the fancy hotels. End the day with a show such as Cirque De Soleil or any other show going on in Vegas. - Day 11: Drive to Death Valley. Stop at all the points of interest such as  Mesquite Sand dunes, etc. Return back to Las Vegas for the night - Day 12: Drive back home (bay area, CA) You can always add Utah after Arizona (Zion national park, Canyonlands, arches national park etc.) to extend the trip further to 15 full days.",creative_writing What is the difference between a rose and a sunflower?,,"Both a rose and a sunflower are types of flowers but a rose may have thorns and it’s petals are typically red, pink or white. A sunflower is a tall plant that is often yellow, does not have thorns, and has a large number of seeds that are edible for humans.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Triangle, Pinaka vina",,"Pinaka vina is string, Triangle is percussion.",classification Name the moon rocket that NASA is going to launch thru Space Launch System vehicle,,Artemis I,open_qa How many planets orbit the sun?,,"For many years astronomers stated that there were 9 planets that orbited the Sun. In 2006 the 9th planet and furthest from the Sun, Pluto, was demoted from a planet to a dwarf planet. Technically there are now 8 planets and 1 dwarf planet that orbit the Sun.",classification "In the series, A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Arryn?",,Artys I Arryn,open_qa Why does treasury bond price drop when bond yield increases?,,"First, let's see the definition of a bond's price and yield. A bond's price is what investors are willing to pay for an existing bond. A bond's yield is the return to an investor from the bond's interest, or coupon, payments. The typical treasury bond has a fixed yield for X years (X = 5, 10, etc) from the time it is purchased. When we say bond yield increases, it is referring to the newly issued bond will have a higher yield than previously issued bond. Because those new bonds provide higher yield, the existing bonds will need to drop its price otherwise people won't buy them, they would just buy the newly issued bonds.",open_qa Extract all the locations in the text,"Todd, third son of Ira and Sally (Hmman) Todd, was born in Hartwick, New York., March 4, 1813. He had spent one year at Amherst College, before entering as Sophomore at Yale College, where he graduated in 1836. He taught a high school in Canaan, Conn., until the spring of 1837, when he began law studies with Judge Arphaxad Loomis, of Little Falls, New York. Upon his admission to the bar in 1839, he decided to emigrate to the West. He selected St. Louis and arrived there in November, 1839, beginning practice in March, 1840. He gave special attention to questions affecting real property, and achieved distinguished success in litigated cases of this nature. Through apprehensions with regard to his health, he retired in 1860, at a comparatively early age, from active practice, confining himself thereafter to office consultations. He declined all political nominations until 1854, when he was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives. In 1860 he was an unsuccessful candidate for US Congress on the Bell and Everett ticket. In 1875, he was a member of the convention which revised the Constitution of Missouri. He was a director of Washington University, in St. Louis, and served gratuitously for fifteen years in its Law Department as lecturer. Among his students was Lemma Barkaloo, the first female law student in the United States. After a month's illness, he died at his home in St. Louis, of meningitis, April 30, 1885, in his 73rd year.","Hartwick, New York Canaan, Connecticut Little Falls, New York St Louis",information_extraction What are some items that you might see in a fridge?,,"Some typical items that you might find in a refrigerator include milk, butter, cheese, yoghurt, juice, eggs and cold water.",brainstorming What are some titles from George Orwell?,,"Nineteen Eighty-Four, Down and Out in Paris and London, Animal Farm, Burmese Days",open_qa What kind of farm animal can I have in my backyard without my neighbors noticing.,,"Chickens may be an obvious answer, but even hens make enough noise to be noticed by a neighbor. If it's eggs you want, then choose quail. Quail are small and require less square footage than other birds, they are quieter than chickens or ducks and a hen can lay up to 300 eggs a year. The trade off is that the eggs are smaller and you may need to adjust recipes, three quail eggs are the equivalent to one chicken egg.",brainstorming "Which of the following are Pixar/Disney movies: How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World, The Secret Life of Pets 2, Turning Red, Toy Story, The Boss Baby: Family Business, Soul, Coco, Inside Out.",,"Turning Red, Toy Story, Soul, Coco, and Inside Out are Pixar/Disney movies.",classification "Categorize these exercises as either upper body or lower body exercises: squat, bench press, strict press, deadlift, barbell row, dumbbell curls, pull-ups, chin-ups, leg extensions, leg curls, calve raises, wall sits, plank.",,"Lower body exercises are: squat, deadlift, leg extensions, leg curls, calve raises, wall sits. Upper body exercises are: bench press, strict press, barbell row, dumbbell curls, pull-ups, chin-ups, plank.",classification "Classify each of the following as bright or dark: sun, lamp, cave, light, night, tunnel",,"Sun: Bright Lamp: Bright Cave: Dark Light: Bright Night: Dark Tunnel: Dark",classification Can you give a list of novels written by Nancy Kress?,,"The Prince of Morning Bells, (Timescape / Pocket Oct. 1981) / revised: (FoxAcre Press May 2000) The Golden Grove, (Bluejay Books March 1984) The White Pipes, (Bluejay Books Jan. 1985) An Alien Light, (Arbor House / William Morrow Jan. 1988) / (Legend Nov. 1988) Brain Rose, (William Morrow Jan. 1990) Maximum Light, (Tor Jan. 1997) Yanked!, (Avon June 1999) from David Brin's Out of Time series Nothing Human, (Golden Gryphon Press Sep. 2003) Dogs, (Tachyon Publications July 2008) Steal Across the Sky, (Tor Feb. 2009) After the Fall, Before the Fall, During the Fall (Tachyon Publications April 2012) Flash Point, (Viking Nov. 2012) Sea Change, (Tachyon Publications May 2020) The Eleventh Gate, (Baen Books May 5, 2020)",open_qa "Classify each of the following as either a Sega or Nintendo game: Super Mario Bros, Sonic the Hedgehog, Altered Beast, Road Rash, Legend of Zelda, Ecco the Dolphin, ToeJam & Earl, Metroid, Chrono Trigger, Donkey Kong Country",,"Nintendo: Super Mario Bros, Legend of Zelda, Metroid, Chrono Trigger, Donkey Kong Country Sega: Sonic the Hedgehog, Altered Beast, Road Rash, Ecco the Dolphin, ToeJam & Earl",classification Why is the Pacific ocean typically cold off of the West Coast of the United States?,,"The primary ocean current along the West Coast of the United States is often referred to as the ""California Current"" and follows a clockwise pattern, bringing cold water from the Gulf of Alaska southeasterly, where it eventually meets the beaches of Washington, Oregon and California. The further south you go typically the warmer it gets so while surfers may be out in a thick wetsuit in June in San Francisco you may well see surfers and swimmers from Santa Barbara southward in shorts or a spring suit.",open_qa What is the best way to travel from Philadelphia to Raleigh?,,"The quickest way to travel from Philadelphia, PA to Raleigh, NC is by airplane, which is an average travel time of 1h and 25m. However, this option can be costly and, as a result, many people prefer to drive. Driving from Philadelphia to Raleigh is an average travel time of 6h and 43m.",open_qa "Tell me which continent the following cities are in: - Seattle - Helsinki - Lagos - Osaka - Istanbul",,"Seattle is located in North America Helsinki is in Europe Lagos is in Africa Osaka is in Asia Istanbul is partially located in both Europe and Asia",classification "Given this paragraph about Corsica, when was Napoleon Bonaparte born and where?","Corsica was ruled by the Republic of Genoa from 1284 to 1755, when it seceded to become a self-proclaimed, Italian-speaking Republic. In 1768, Genoa officially ceded it to Louis XV of France as part of a pledge for the debts it had incurred by enlisting France's military help in suppressing the Corsican revolt, and as a result France went on to annex it in 1769. The future Emperor of the French, Napoleon Bonaparte, was a native Corsican, born that same year in Ajaccio: his ancestral home, Maison Bonaparte, is today a visitor attraction and museum. Because of Corsica's historical ties to Tuscany, the island has retained many Italian cultural elements and many Corsican surnames are rooted in the Italian peninsula.","Napoleon Bonaparte was born in 1769, the same year that France annexed Corsica. He was born in Ajaccio, Corsica.",closed_qa "On a hiking trip where we expect to walk many miles, categorize each of the the following as either 'heavy', 'not heavy' or 'somewhat heavy'. A tent, a compass, a sleeping bag, a camping stove, a cooler full of food.",,"A tent is heavy. A compass is not heavy. A sleeping bag is not heavy. A camping stove is somewhat heavy. A cooler full of food is heavy.",classification "Classify each of these as 'useful' vs 'not useful' when applying for college admissions: GRE scores, SAT scores, dresses, prom dates, admission letter, recommendation letters, interview prep, networking, fees, headphones, number of friends, social media influencer",,"Useful: GRE scores, SAT scores, admission letter, recommendation letters, interview prep, networking, fees Not useful: dresses, prom dates, headphones, number of friends, social media influencer score",classification What are the words of House Serrett?,,"""I Have No Rival""",open_qa "Tell me which of these are brands of soap: Dove, Colgate, Palmolive, Ivory, Pearl Milling Co, Sofsoap, Dawn, Ethan",,"Dove, Palmolive, Ivory, Sofsoap, Dawn",classification "What happened on September 11, 2001?","The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by the militant Islamist extremist network al-Qaeda against the United States on September 11, 2001. That morning, nineteen terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners scheduled to travel from the East Coast to California. The hijackers crashed the first two planes into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and the third into the Pentagon (the headquarters of the United States military) in Arlington County, Virginia, near Washington, D.C. The fourth plane was similarly intended to hit a federal government building in D.C., but crashed in a field following a passenger revolt. The attacks killed nearly 3,000 people and instigated the global war on terror.","The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by the militant Islamist extremist network al-Qaeda against the United States on September 11, 2001. That morning, nineteen terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners scheduled to travel from the East Coast to California. The hijackers crashed the first two planes into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and the third into the Pentagon (the headquarters of the United States military) in Arlington County, Virginia, near Washington, D.C. The fourth plane was similarly intended to hit a federal government building in D.C., but crashed in a field following a passenger revolt. The attacks killed nearly 3,000 people and instigated the global war on terror. The first impact was that of American Airlines Flight 11. It was crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan at 8:46 a.m. Seventeen minutes later, at 9:03, the World Trade Center's South Tower was hit by United Airlines Flight 175. Both 110-story skyscrapers collapsed within an hour and forty-one minutes, bringing about the destruction of the remaining five structures in the WTC complex, as well as damaging or destroying various other buildings surrounding the towers. A third flight, American Airlines Flight 77, crashed into the Pentagon at 9:37 a.m., causing a partial collapse. The fourth and final flight, United Airlines Flight 93, flew in the direction of Washington, D.C. Alerted to the previous attacks, the plane's passengers attempted to gain control of the aircraft, but the hijackers ultimately crashed the plane in a field in Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania, near Shanksville at 10:03 a.m. Investigators determined that Flight 93 target was either the United States Capitol or the White House. Within hours of the attacks, the Central Intelligence Agency determined that al-Qaeda was responsible. The United States formally responded by launching the war on terror and invading Afghanistan to depose the Taliban, which had not complied with U.S. demands to expel al-Qaeda from Afghanistan and extradite its leader, Osama bin Laden. The U.S.'s invocation of Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty—its only usage to date—called upon allies to fight al-Qaeda. As U.S. and NATO ground forces swept through Afghanistan, bin Laden fled to the White Mountains, where he narrowly avoided capture by U.S.-led forces. Although bin Laden initially denied any involvement, in 2004 he formally claimed responsibility for the attacks. Al-Qaeda's cited motivations included U.S. support of Israel, the presence of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia, and sanctions against Iraq. After evading capture for almost a decade, bin Laden was killed by the U.S. military on May 2, 2011. U.S. and NATO troops remained in Afghanistan until 2021. The attacks resulted in 2,977 non-hijacker fatalities, an indeterminate number of injuries, and substantial long-term health consequences, in addition to at least $10 billion in infrastructure and property damage. It remains the deadliest terrorist attack in human history as well as the single deadliest incident for firefighters and law enforcement officers in U.S. history, with 340 and 72 killed, respectively. The destruction of the World Trade Center and its environs seriously harmed the New York City economy and induced global market shocks. Many other countries strengthened anti-terrorism legislation and expanded their powers of law enforcement and intelligence agencies. Cleanup of the World Trade Center site (colloquially ""Ground Zero"") took eight months and was completed in May 2002, while the Pentagon was repaired within a year. After delays in the design of a replacement complex, the One World Trade Center began construction in November 2006 and opened in November 2014. Memorials to the attacks include the National September 11 Memorial & Museum in New York City, the Pentagon Memorial in Arlington County, Virginia, and the Flight 93 National Memorial at the Pennsylvania crash site.",information_extraction Who is the best baseball player of all time?,,"There is no single answer to this question. The most common candidates are Babe Ruth, Barry Bonds, Willie Mays, or Hank Aaron.",open_qa Classify these as a synthetic or natural fiber,,"wool, polyester, cotton, silk, nylon, aramid, jute",classification Who is the all time leading goal scorer for Manchester United?,,The all time leading goal scorer for Manchester United is Wayne Rooney.,open_qa "Tell me whether these are European countries or Asian countries: Spain, France, Norway, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Portugal, Brazil, South Africa, Canada, China, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, The Philippines",,"Not all of them are European countries or Asian countries! Brazil, South Africa, Canada are not part of Europe or Asia. These are the European countries: Spain, France, Norway, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Portugal And these are Asian countries: China, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, The Philippines",classification What is the difference between algebra and calculus?,,"Algebra and Calculus are closely related as much as one has to constantly use algebra while doing calculus. Being familiar with algebra, makes one feel comfortable with calculus. Algebra will let you grasp topics in calculus better and vice versa. But we can also do an analysis of algebra vs calculus. Algebra focuses on solving equations whereas calculus is primarily focused on the rate of change of functions.The two main operations of calculus are differentiation (find the rate of change of a function) and integration (find the area under a curve of a function). Calculus deals with operations on functions and their derivatives whereas algebra deals with operations on variables and numbers",open_qa "Tell me whether each of these ski resorts are in Colorado or California: Big Bear, Mammoth, North Star, Vail, Aspen, Telluride",,"Big Bear: California Mammoth: California North Star: California Vail: Colorado Aspen: Colorado Telluride: Colorado",classification "Given this paragraph about the Tour De France, how long is the race","The Tour de France (French pronunciation: ​[tuʁ də fʁɑ̃s]) is an annual men's multiple-stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally passing through nearby countries. Like the other Grand Tours (the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España), it consists of 21 stages, each a day long, over the course of 23 days, coinciding with the Bastille Day holiday. It is the oldest of the Grand Tours and generally considered the most prestigious.","The tour de france is 21 stages long, with each stage taking one day to complete. The race takes 23 days from start to finish due to 2 rest days the riders receive.",closed_qa Name some famous actors from the 1930's,,"Shirley Temple, Bette Davis, Clark Gable, Cary Grant, Lionel Barrymore, Marlene Dietrich, Errol Flynn, Greta Garbo, Katharine Hepburn, Fred Astaire, Barbara Stanwyck, Joan Crawford, Ginger Rogers, Gary Cooper, Carole Lombard, John Gilbert.",open_qa Lauren is a 32-year-old women who weighs 166 lbs and has never participated in resistance training. She participated in an initial fitness assessment and wants your advice about starting a muscular fitness program at your exercise facility. Design a resistance training routine for Lauren to help her achieve moderate gains in both muscular strength and endurance.,,"First, we design the resistance training routine according to the FITT principle: she should be exercising at least 2 non-consecutive days per week, 1-3 sets per exercise, 8-10 exercises, resting 30 seconds to 2 minutes between exercises, and targeting large muscle groups with her exercises. When she first starts, we’re going to begin with more weight training machines versus free weights, as she’s a beginner, and free weights may be more dangerous. We’ll prescribe machines such as a horizontal chest press, lat pull-down, leg press. As she progresses with her experience lifting weights, we will prescribe more and more free weight exercises under the careful guidance of a spotter, such as squat, deadlift, bench press, overhead press, barbell rows, etc. To achieve gains in both muscular strength and endurance, we’ll suggest alternating days targeted for hypertrophy (1-2 sets, 10 exercises, low resting times e.g. 30 seconds, high number of repetitions, and lower weight) versus muscular strength (1-4 sets, 8 exercises, longer resting times e.g. 2 minutes, lower reps and high weight).",brainstorming "On a visit to a movie theater, classify the likelihood of finding each of the following as either 'highly likely', 'likely', 'unlikely' or 'highly unlikely'. popcorn, M&Ms, sushi, salad, pasta.",,"It is highly likely that popcorn would be found at a movie theater. It is highly likely that M&Ms would be found at a movie theater. It is highly unlikely that sushi would be found at a movie theater. It is highly unlikely that salad would be found at a movie theater. It is highly unlikely that pasta would be found at a movie theater.",classification "Tell me whether these are names of basketball teams or baseball teams: Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Angels, Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Clippers, San Diego Padres, New York Yankees, Miami Heat, Boston Celtics",,"Los Angeles Lakers - NBA basketball team Los Angeles Angels - MLB baseball team Los Angeles Dodgers - MLB baseball team Los Angeles Clippers - NBA basketball team San Diego Padres - MLB baseball team New York Yankees - MLB baseball team Miami Heat - NBA basketball team Boston Celtics - NBA basketball team",classification "Kingston, Zuma, and Apollo are the sons of which American female pop star?",,Gwen Stefani.,open_qa Where do chia seeds come from?,,Chia seeds actually come from a flowering plant in the mint family. This plant is native to Central America.,open_qa How many national championships has Nick Saban won at Alabama?,"The Alabama Crimson Tide football program represents the University of Alabama (variously Alabama, UA, or Bama) in the sport of American football. The team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team's head coach is Nick Saban, who has led the Tide to six national championships over his tenure. The Crimson Tide is among the most storied and decorated football programs in NCAA history. Since beginning play in 1892, the program claims 18 national championships, including 13 wire-service (AP or Coaches') national titles in the poll-era, and five other titles before the poll-era. From 1958 to 1982, the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Paul ""Bear"" Bryant, who won six national titles with the program. Despite numerous national and conference championships, it was not until 2009 that an Alabama player received a Heisman Trophy, when running back Mark Ingram II became the university's first winner. In 2015, Derrick Henry became the university's second Heisman winner. The Crimson Tide won back to back Heisman trophies in 2020 and 2021, with DeVonta Smith and Bryce Young.","As head coach of the Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Nick Saban has won six national championships. Alabama claims 18 football national championships in the program's history.",information_extraction "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Microraptor, Whale",,"Whale is alive, Microraptor is extinct.",classification "Given a reference text about a snowball effect, tell me how it applies to aerospace engineering.","A snowball effect is a process that starts from an initial state of small significance and builds upon itself (an exacerbating feedback), becoming larger (graver, more serious), and also perhaps potentially dangerous or disastrous (a vicious circle), though it might be beneficial instead (a virtuous circle). This is a cliché in cartoons and modern theatrics, and it is also used in psychology. The common analogy is with the rolling of a snowball down a snow-covered hillside. As it rolls the ball will pick up more snow, gaining more mass and surface area, and picking up even more snow and momentum as it rolls along. In aerospace engineering, it is used to describe the multiplication effect in an original weight saving. A reduction in the weight of the fuselage will require less lift, meaning the wings can be smaller. Hence less thrust is required and therefore smaller engines, resulting in a greater weight saving than the original reduction. This iteration can be repeated several times, although the decrease in weight gives diminishing returns. The startup process of a feedback electronic oscillator, when power to the circuit is switched on, is a technical application of the snowball effect. Electronic noise is amplified by the oscillator circuit and returned to its input filtered to contain primarily the selected (desired) frequency, gradually getting stronger in each cycle, until a steady-state oscillation is established, when the circuit parameters satisfy the Barkhausen stability criterion.",The snowball effect is used to describe the multiplication effect in an original weight saving in aerospace engineering.,closed_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Cave Lion, Sumatran Elephant",,"Sumatran Elephant is alive, Cave Lion is extinct.",classification 5 steps to make a fire,,"Step 1: Clear a Circular Space on the Ground. ... Step 2: Line the Circular Space With Large Rocks. ... Step 3: Place the Small Sticks and Twigs in the Circular Space As a Platform. ... Step 4: Place Dry Grass, and Leaves on the Kindling. ... Step 5: Light the Fire With a Lighter or Matches.",brainstorming From the passage extract the career wards as a bulleted list with year and name.,"Prior to his appointment at the University of Minnesota in 1997 he was on the faculty of McGill University in Montreal. He has held postdoctoral or visiting appointments at the University of Chicago, East Carolina University, the University of Otago in New Zealand, and the University of Natal Medical School (now the Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine), the first medical school in South Africa for non-white students. Elliott received a Guggenheim Fellowship and a National Endowment for the Humanities Public Scholar Award in 2018. He was the Cary and Ann Maguire Chair in Ethics and American History at the John W. Kluge Center at the United States Library of Congress in 2019. He is a Member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, where he led a faculty seminar on bioethics in 2003–2004, and an honorary faculty member of the University of Otago Bioethics Centre in New Zealand. He is a fellow of the Hastings Center, an independent bioethics research institution.","* 2018, Guggenheim Fellowship * 2018, National Endowment for the Humanities Public Scholar",information_extraction What are some examples of fruit that are not common in American grocery stores?,,"Fruits that are typically not found in American grocery stores include jackfruit, longan, durian, snake fruit, lychees, rambutan, and mamey sapote.",open_qa Give me some ideas of activities to do in Romania,,"As of the activities that you can do in Romania, there is a plenty of selections such as: - Swim in the Black Sea, visiting resorts like Constanta, Mamaia, Eforie Nord, Costinesti, Jupiter or Vama Veche - You can go skiing in mountain resorts like Poiana Brasov, Azuga, Sureanu, Semenic, Cavnic, Arieseni or Ranca - Travel the water channels of the Danube Delta and stay in traditional villages that can only be reached by boats such as Sfantu Gheorghe or Sulina - Travel with the steam powered train Mocanita in the mountainous areas of Maramures - Visit historical cities like Bucharest, Timisoara, Cluj-Napoca, Iasi, Brasov, Sibiu, Sighisoara - Visit castles like Bran Castle, Peles Castle or Corvins Castle",brainstorming "Identify the bird from the list: Lint, Linnet, Lining",,Linnet,classification Give me an idea for a random sandwich that I should make for lunch.,,"I would suggest making a sandwich on a ciabatta roll, which is the perfect choice for your bread. Then, consider layering fig jam, arugula, proscuitto and brie in your preferred order. Finally, drizzle a bit of olive oil and balsamic glaze on top, and top with salt and pepper. For added texture, warm your sandwich up in a hot pan.",brainstorming What are some indoor sports I can play in winter?,,"Here is a list of indoor sports: - Table tennis - Indoor basketball - Futsal - Trampolining - Ice hockey - Yoga - Badminton - Fencing",brainstorming Please give me a short bulleted list of the key components/architectures in a convolutional neural network.,"A convolutional neural network consists of an input layer, hidden layers and an output layer. In any feed-forward neural network, any middle layers are called hidden because their inputs and outputs are masked by the activation function and final convolution. In a convolutional neural network, the hidden layers include layers that perform convolutions. Typically this includes a layer that performs a dot product of the convolution kernel with the layer's input matrix. This product is usually the Frobenius inner product, and its activation function is commonly ReLU. As the convolution kernel slides along the input matrix for the layer, the convolution operation generates a feature map, which in turn contributes to the input of the next layer. This is followed by other layers such as pooling layers, fully connected layers, and normalization layers. Convolutional layers Convolutional layers convolve the input and pass its result to the next layer. This is similar to the response of a neuron in the visual cortex to a specific stimulus. Each convolutional neuron processes data only for its receptive field. Although fully connected feedforward neural networks can be used to learn features and classify data, this architecture is generally impractical for larger inputs (e.g., high-resolution images), which would require massive numbers of neurons because each pixel is a relevant input feature. A fully connected layer for an image of size 100 × 100 has 10,000 weights for each neuron in the second layer. Convolution reduces the number of free parameters, allowing the network to be deeper. For example, using a 5 × 5 tiling region, each with the same shared weights, requires only 25 neurons. Using regularized weights over fewer parameters avoids the vanishing gradients and exploding gradients problems seen during backpropagation in earlier neural networks. To speed processing, standard convolutional layers can be replaced by depthwise separable convolutional layers, which are based on a depthwise convolution followed by a pointwise convolution. The depthwise convolution is a spatial convolution applied independently over each channel of the input tensor, while the pointwise convolution is a standard convolution restricted to the use of Pooling layers Convolutional networks may include local and/or global pooling layers along with traditional convolutional layers. Pooling layers reduce the dimensions of data by combining the outputs of neuron clusters at one layer into a single neuron in the next layer. Local pooling combines small clusters, tiling sizes such as 2 × 2 are commonly used. Global pooling acts on all the neurons of the feature map. There are two common types of pooling in popular use: max and average. Max pooling uses the maximum value of each local cluster of neurons in the feature map, while average pooling takes the average value. Fully connected layers Fully connected layers connect every neuron in one layer to every neuron in another layer. It is the same as a traditional multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP). The flattened matrix goes through a fully connected layer to classify the images. Receptive field In neural networks, each neuron receives input from some number of locations in the previous layer. In a convolutional layer, each neuron receives input from only a restricted area of the previous layer called the neuron's receptive field. Typically the area is a square (e.g. 5 by 5 neurons). Whereas, in a fully connected layer, the receptive field is the entire previous layer. Thus, in each convolutional layer, each neuron takes input from a larger area in the input than previous layers. This is due to applying the convolution over and over, which takes into account the value of a pixel, as well as its surrounding pixels. When using dilated layers, the number of pixels in the receptive field remains constant, but the field is more sparsely populated as its dimensions grow when combining the effect of several layers. To manipulate the receptive field size as desired, there are some alternatives to the standard convolutional layer. For example, atrous or dilated convolution expands the receptive field size without increasing the number of parameters by interleaving visible and blind regions. Moreover, a single dilated convolutional layer can comprise filters with multiple dilation ratios, thus having a variable receptive field size. Weights Each neuron in a neural network computes an output value by applying a specific function to the input values received from the receptive field in the previous layer. The function that is applied to the input values is determined by a vector of weights and a bias (typically real numbers). Learning consists of iteratively adjusting these biases and weights. The vectors of weights and biases are called filters and represent particular features of the input (e.g., a particular shape). A distinguishing feature of CNNs is that many neurons can share the same filter. This reduces the memory footprint because a single bias and a single vector of weights are used across all receptive fields that share that filter, as opposed to each receptive field having its own bias and vector weighting.","The key components/architecture of a convolutional neural network include: Convolutional layers: These layers convolve the input matrix and reduce the number of free parameters and allows the network to be deeper. Pooling layers: These layers reduce the dimensions of data by combining the outputs of neuron clusters at one layer into a single neuron in the next layer. Fully connected layers: These layers connect every neuron in one layer to every neuron in another layer. Receptive field: Each neuron receives input from a restricted area of the previous layer called the neuron's receptive field. In a convolutional layer, each neuron takes input from a larger area in the input than previous layers. Weights: The vectors of weights and bias are used by the neural's function to compute an output value from input value.",summarization "Classify each of the objects are ""round"" or ""rectangular"": television, baseball, brick, tire, book, manhole, donut, bench",,"Television: Rectangular Baseball: Round Brick: Rectangular Tire: Round Book: Rectangular Manhole: Round Donut: Round Bench: Rectangular",classification "Tell me whether these are states or cities: Alabama, Alaska, Wyoming, Washinton DC, Salt Lake city, San Francisco",,"States: Alabama, Alaska, Wyoming Cities: Washinton DC, Salt Lake city, San Francisco",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Zatula, Jarana huasteca",,"Zatula is percussion, Jarana huasteca is string.",classification List 3 cities on the east coast of Australia.,,"Sydney, Brisbane and Newcastle are Australian cities located on the east coast of Australia.",brainstorming What are the best 10 high protein options to eat?,,"Lamb, Beef, Sardines, Salmon, Greek Yogurt,Cottage Cheese, Turkey, Chicken Breast, Egg Whites, Lentils",brainstorming Who are the most famous English writers?,,"- William Shakespeare - Charles Dickens - Jane Austen - George Orwell - C. S. Lewis",open_qa When was Amsterdam founded?,,Amsterdam was founded in the late 13th century.,open_qa Think of 3 shades of dark red that I could use to describe a rug,,"Rugs could be described as maroon, mahogany or scarlet",brainstorming "Classify each of the following transportation options as ""Mass Transportation"" or ""Individual Transportation"": car, bike, subway, train, tram, motorcycle, scooter",,"Car: Individual Transportation Bike: Individual Transportation Subway: Mass Transportation Train: Mass Transportation Tram: Mass Transportation Motorcycle: Individual Transportation Scooter: Individual Transportation",classification What are the examples of eponyms provided in the passage. List them in the bulleted format.,"""Eponymous"" redirects here. For the album, see Eponymous (album). ""Self-titled"" redirects here. For other uses, see Self-titled (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Namesake. An eponym is a person, a place, or a thing after whom or which someone or something is, or is believed to be, named. The adjectives which are derived from the word eponym include eponymous and eponymic.Usage of the wordThe term eponym functions in multiple related ways, all based on an explicit relationship between two named things. A person, place, or thing named after a particular person share an eponymous relationship. In this way, Elizabeth I of England is the eponym of the Elizabethan era, but the Elizabethan era can also be referred to as the eponym of Elizabeth I of England.When Henry Ford is referred to as ""the eponymous founder of the Ford Motor Company"", his surname ""Ford"" and the name of the motor company have an eponymous relationship. The word ""eponym"" can also refer to the title character of a fictional work (such as Rocky Balboa of the Rocky film series), as well as to self-titled works named after their creators (such as the album The Doors by the band the Doors).Walt Disney created the eponymous Walt Disney Company, with his name similarly extended to theme parks such as Walt Disney World. Medical eponymous terms are often called medical eponyms although that usage is deprecable.","Elizabeth I of England and Elizabethan era Henry Ford and Ford Motor Company Rocky Balboa and Rocky film series album The Doors and band the Doors Walt Disney and Walt Disney Company and Walt Disney World",information_extraction "Classify each of the following as either a faction from The Divergent Series or luchadore wrestlers: Erudite, Candor, Rey Mysterio, Abnegation, Blue Demon, Bengala, Mistico, Dauntless, Amity, Bam Bam",,"The Divergent Series factions: Erudite, Candor, Abnegation, Dauntless, Amity Luchadores: Rey Mysterio, Blue Demon, Bengala, Mistico, Bam Bam",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Timbal, Lotar",,"Lotar is string, Timbal is percussion.",classification "What is the meaning of the album title ""Flying Microtonal Banana"", by King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard?","Subtitled Explorations into Microtonal Tuning, Volume 1, the album is recorded in quarter tone tuning, where an octave is divided into 24 (logarithmically) equal-distanced quarter tones; it was originally conceived to play on a baglama, so the band members used instruments specifically modified for microtonal tuning, as well as other Middle-Eastern instruments like the zurna. The name ""Flying Microtonal Banana"" comes from Stu Mackenzie's custom-built yellow guitar, fitted with additional microtonal frets.","The title of the album ""Flying Microtonal Banana"" comes from the name of Stu Mackenzie's custom yellow guitar, fitted with microtonal frets. The guitar was built to use quarter tone tuning, in which the octave is divided into 24 equal-distanced tones.",summarization Which are the top 3 states of India that account for receiving the maximum number of interstate emigrants?,"The first population census in India was conducted in 1873. Since then the a decennial census has been conducted in 1881, 1891, 1901, 1911, 1921, 1931, and 1941 by the Government. Since India's independence in 1947, a census has been carried out every 10 years by the Indian Government, starting from 1951. The census in India is carried out by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner under the Ministry of Home Affairs, and is one of the largest administrative tasks conducted by a federal government. Latest population figures are based on data from the 2011 census of India. During the decade of 2001–2011, India's annual population rising rate has slowed down from 2.15 to 1.76. Based on decennial census data, Dadra and Nagar Haveli shows the highest growth rate of 55.5 percent. It is followed by Daman and Diu (53.5 percent), Meghalaya (27.8 percent) and Arunachal Pradesh (25.9 percent). Nagaland recorded the lowest growth rate of -0.5 percent. India has 641,000 inhabited villages and 72.2 percent of the total population reside in these rural areas. Of them, 145,000 villages have a population size of 500–999 persons; 130,000 villages have a population size of 1000–1999 and 128,000 villages have a population size of 200–499. There are 3,961 villages that have a population of 10,000 persons or more. India's 27.8 percent urban population lives in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations. In the decade of 1991–2001, migration to major cities caused a rapid increase in urban population. On the basis of net migrants by last residence during the past decade, Maharashtra had the most immigration with 2.3 million, followed by the National Capital Territory of Delhi (1.7 million), Gujarat (0.68 million) and Haryana (0.67 million). Uttar Pradesh (−2.6 million) and Bihar (−1.7 million) topped the list for interstate emigration. The four states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal and account for almost half (48.89 percent) of the total Indian population.","Maharashtra, National Capital of Delhi and Gujarat",summarization "Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Lamborghini, Chrysler",,"Chrysler is American, Lamborghini is Italian",classification "Tell me whether these are mammals or reptiles: dog, crocodile, cat, lizard, snake, tiger, lion, turtle.",,"Dog: mammal Crocodile: reptile Cat: mammal Lizard: reptile Snake: reptile Tiger: mammal Lion: mammal Turtle: reptile",classification Give me a list of the best high fantasy books or series that I should read,,"The Farseer trilogy, The Lord of the Rings, Mistborn series, A Song of Ice and Fire series, The Name of the Wind, Stardust, The Witcher.",brainstorming What are top JavaScript frameworks?,,"- React - Angular - Vue.js - Next.js - Svelte",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Wobble board, Scheitholt",,"Scheitholt is string, Wobble board is percussion.",classification Where is texas?,,"Texas is one of the 50 states in the United States. It is located in the center and central part of the United States. It has a coastline along the Gulf of Mexico that extends 350 miles, and a coastline along the Mexico border than extends nearly 2000 miles. The population of Texas is about 30 million people.",open_qa Describe a plan to progressively ski harder trails. Recommend a ski resort in Tahoe including trails that I can use to follow the plan.,,"Skiing is a fun sport with something for every age and skill level. The measure of ""hard"" in skiing may be subjective but as a general rule of thumb, trails become harder as the steepness or pitch increases, number and type of obstacles increase, the trail is bumpier or is narrower. Changes along these dimensions present new challenges and require a broader array of skills. A good way to progress along trails is to pick a trail that presents a challenge in one or two dimensions of ""hard"" to learn or refine skills. As you progress, you can increase the challenges along different dimensions. Labelling at ski resorts help with these choices. Trails are generally classified into bunny (easiest or learning greens), green (circle), blue (square), black (diamond) and double black (two diamonds). When you are learning skiing, it's best to get reasonably confident at a color before moving on to the next one. You don't have to be perfect but you have to feel safe as you progress. While colors are broadly useful, they can still be inexact as measures of hardness. Further, your strengths and weaknesses will also play a part in determining how hard a trail is for you personally. Staff at ski resorts can point you to good trails based on your personal comfort. Remember to always ski with a friend ! For following this plan, you should consider Kirkwood Ski Resort near South Lake Tahoe. Kirkwood has a reputation for some great advanced skiing trails but it presents many good trails for progressive improvement. If this is your first time skiing, a lesson is strongly recommended to learn the basics of keeping yourselves and those around you safe ! You can start on the Timber Creek Area where there are a few bunny trails that are perfect for beginners. Funny bunny and School Run offer plenty of gentle practice for a new skier and when you are ready, ski Graduation (cue confetti). Squirrel Ridge and Snowkirk (on the Mountain Village side) are good next steps because they are long gentle greens. Once you are feeling confident, Free 'N' Easy and Hole 'N' Wall offer a gentle introduction to blues. Blues at Kirkwood cater to a wide range of skills. The areas around Lower Zachary and Flying Carpet are good next challenges. If you are feeling good on those blues, try the backside with the appropriately named ""Happiness Is"" If you've really got it down, it's time to try some black diamonds. Groomed blacks are easier to ski and fresh snow lowers the challenge further. Try Zachary and the trails around it. At this level, each black may offer a different kind of challenge. Hully Gully may have bumps and Lower Olympic is a nice introduction to a bowl. There are many to choose from ! The final challenges are the double blacks and the The Wall is well known favorite. There are no dearth of double blacks and off piste trails at Kirkwood for those that have progressed beyond the labelling. Have fun and stay safe !",creative_writing "List the ten episode titles from the second season of ""Game of Thrones"" in broadcast order.",,"The North Remembers, The Night Lands, What is Dead May Never Die, Garden of Bones, The Ghost of Harrenhal, The Old Gods and the New, A Man Without Honor, The Prince of Winterfell, Blackwater, Valar Morghulis",open_qa Who did the French national football team play against in the last 3 matches of the 2018 World Cup and how did the matches turn out?,,"On 06/07/2018, France won 2-0 against Uruguay in the quarter-finals. On 10/07/2018, France won 1-0 against Belgium in the semi-finals. On 15/07/2018, France beat Croatia 4-2 in the final to become world champions for the next four years. The French national football team has thus been world champion twice. The last time was in 1998.",open_qa Please give me a bulleted list of men's Roland Garros champions of the last 5 years.,,"Sure! Here's the list of men's Roland Garros champions of the last 5 years: * 2022 - Rafael Nadal * 2021 - Novak Djokovic * 2020 - Rafael Nadal * 2019 - Rafael Nadal * 2018 - Rafael Nadal",brainstorming What are some types of sorting algorithms?,,"1. Bubble Sort 2. Quicksort 3. Insertion Sort 4. Merge Sort 5. Heap Sort 6. Radix Sort",brainstorming "Tell me in which country are the following cities: Zaragoza, Albufeira, Bari, Amfissa and Targoviste.",,"Zaragoza is a city in Spain, Albufeira is in Portugal, Bari is located in Italy, Amfissa is part of Greece and Targoviste is in Romania.",classification How do you play an E major chord on a guitar?,,"There are many ways to play an E major chord, which includes the notes E, G sharp, and B. The most common variation is played by putting your middle finger on the 2nd fret of the A string, your ring finger on the 2nd fret of the D string, and your index finger on the first fret of the G string. Ensure that the Low E, B, and High E strings are not muted, and strum all 6 strings.",open_qa What is Equity theater?,"The Actors' Equity Association (AEA), commonly called Actors' Equity or simply Equity, is an American labor union representing those who work in live theatrical performance. Performers appearing in live stage productions without a book or through-storyline (vaudeville, cabarets, circuses) may be represented by the American Guild of Variety Artists (AGVA). The AEA works to negotiate quality living conditions, livable wages, and benefits for performers and stage managers. A theater or production that is not produced and performed by AEA members may be called ""non-Equity"".","A theater or production that is performed by Actors' Equity Association (AEA) members is often called ""Equity Theater"". Actors' Equity Association commonly called Actor's Equity or more simply Equity, is an American Labor union representing those who work in live theatrical performance. A theater or production not produced by Actors' Equity members is often called ""non-Equity"".",summarization Name the top 10 Sci Fi books of all time?,,"Dune by Frank Herbert, 1965; The Left Hand of Darkness by Ursula K. Le Guin, 1969; Foundation Series by Isaac Asimov, 1942; The Hyperion Cantos by Dan Simmons, 1989; The Three Body Problem by Liu Cixin, 2008; The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells, 1898; Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson, 1992; Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, 1953; 2001: A Space Odyssey by Arthur C. Clarke, 1968; Stranger in a Strange Land by Robert A. Heinlein, 1961",open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Wiwaxia, Penguin",,"Penguin is alive, Wiwaxia is extinct.",classification What are some good sources of vegetarian protein?,,"Lentils, tofu, nuts, beans, hemp seeds, soymilk.",brainstorming "From the passage provided, extract the what were some of the key years and discoveries of portuguese maritime exploration?","Portuguese maritime exploration resulted in the numerous territories and maritime routes recorded by the Portuguese as a result of their intensive maritime journeys during the 15th and 16th centuries. Portuguese sailors were at the vanguard of European exploration, chronicling and mapping the coasts of Africa and Asia, then known as the East Indies, and Canada and Brazil (the West Indies), in what came to be known as the Age of Discovery. Methodical expeditions started in 1419 along West Africa's coast under the sponsorship of prince Henry the Navigator, with Bartolomeu Dias reaching the Cape of Good Hope and entering the Indian Ocean in 1488. Ten years later, in 1498, Vasco da Gama led the first fleet around Africa to India, arriving in Calicut and starting a maritime route from Portugal to India. Portuguese explorations then proceeded to southeast Asia, where they reached Japan in 1542, forty-four years after their first arrival in India. In 1500, the Portuguese nobleman Pedro Álvares Cabral became the first European to discover Brazil.","In 1419, the portuguese started their maritime explorations along the West Africa's coast. The goal was to reach India by sea, by going around Africa. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias reaching the Cape of Good Hope and entered the Indian Ocean. In 1498, Vasco da Gama finally reached India. By 1500 also reached discovered Brazil and reached Japan in 1542.",information_extraction Is Belgrandia varica a type of plant?,"Belgrandia varica is a species of minute freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Hydrobiidae.","No, it is a type of snail.",closed_qa What are the most common sorting algorithms?,,"Bubble sort. Insertion sort. Merge sort. Quick sort. Heap sort. Counting sort. Radix sort. Bucket sort.",open_qa When did the Portuguese royal family move to Brazil?,,"The Portuguese royal family, along with its court, servants and a library with more than 60,000 books, settled in Brazil between 1808 and 1821, having the first wave of migration starting on November 29th of 1807.",open_qa "Classify each of the following as either a city or food: Edinburgh, Madrid, pasta, jam, Berlin, soup",,"Cities: Edinburgh, Madrid, Berlin Food: pasta, jam, soup",classification Did Gary Collins played in the NHL,,"Ranleigh Gary Collins (September 27, 1935 – June 17, 2022) was a Canadian ice hockey player who played two playoff games in the National Hockey League for the Toronto Maple Leafs during the 1958–59 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1956 to 1968, was spent in the minor leagues.. Collins died in June 2022 at the age of 86.",open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Quagga, Beluga",,"Beluga is alive, Quagga is extinct.",classification "Tell me whether these sports are played on grass or ice: figure skating, hockey, football, soccer, curling",,"Figure Skating: Ice Hockey: Ice Football: Grass Soccer: Grass Curling: Ice",classification Describe a trip to Tokyo. What should I be prepared for? What should I eat? Any can't-miss attractions?,,"Tokyo is a massive city and even if I were to give you hundreds of recommendations, they would not begin to scratch the surface. What follows is a rundown of good things to know, food to eat, and places you may want to visit. General tips and tricks: - Bring cash: Do a currency exchange and pick up plenty of Yen at the airport — Tokyo is a very cash-heavy town and your local currency won’t cut it. - Take the Narita Express: If you’re flying into Narita, the airport is far from the city center and the easiest way to get there is via Narita Express (abbreviated to N’EX), run by JR East. You have to book an actual seat on the Narita Express, and if you don't speak Japanese, don't try using one of the machines at the airport, go to an actual desk to speak to someone who can help you buy a round-trip ticket. - Use the Metro: Hands down, the best way to get around Tokyo. If you stay in Shinjuku, Harajuku, Shibuya or Shinagawa, you’ll be on the Yamanote Line, which will get you almost everywhere you want to go (or to an easy transfer). You’ll need to buy a reusable Suica card — again, highly highly recommend having Yen with you so you can easily load up your card. All of the Suica machines have translation options. - Make dinner reservations: It can be difficult to make reservations if you don't speak Japanse! If you’re staying at a hotel, use your concierge. If not, try one of following sites: Tablecheck, Tabelog and Retty. - Make use of these helpful phrases: Thank you (formal): Arigatou Gozaimasu (pronounced “Ah-di-got-oh Goze-eye-moss”) I’m sorry / excuse me: Sumimasen (pronounced “sue-me-mah-sahn”) Good morning: Ohayo Gozaimasu (pronounced “oh-hi-yo Goze-eye-moss”) Good evening: Konbanwa (pronounced: “kon-bon-wah”) What to eat: - Omakase: If you enjoy sushi (which you probably do if you're visiting Japan!), don't miss the chance to enjoy an Omakase meal. Sushi chefs take their art seriously and whether you choose to go to a classic high-end restaurant like Sukiyabashi Jiro Roppongi (from Jiro Dreams of Sushi) or Nishiazabu Sushi Shin, or something more inventive like Udatsu, or the even more casual Sushipanchi, you will be treated to a true experience. - Gyoza: Who doesn't love dumplings? You should be able to find casual gyoza options throughout the city. Yakitori: Another casual dinning experience with tons of options. If you're interested in truly experiencing yakitori and aren't afraid of squeezing through alleyways for it, visit the Golden Gai or Piss Alley. - Ramen: I don’t have specific recommendations for ramen because some of the best places are ""holes in the wall"" that you wander into. You can download the Ramen Beast app if you need direction. Attractions and experiences to consider: - Meiji Jingu: This is probably the most famous shrine in Tokyo (in Shibuya, near Harajuku) and definitely worth visiting. - Senso-ji: Famous Buddhist temple. - Imperial Palace: The residential place the Emperors and their families since 1868. - Sumo wrestling tournaments: Grand tournaments only happen a few times a year, but check the schedule and see if you can catch a day of matches! It’s fascinating and even more enjoyable if you read up on the rituals in advance. - Public baths or sentos: Experience Japanese bathing culture, but be ready to de-robe and cover any tattoos!",creative_writing "Classify each of the following as something that should be kept private or shared publicly: credit card number, social security number, local news, weather forecast, bank account details",,"Credit Card Number: Kept Private Social Security Number: Kept Private Local News: Shared Publicly Weather Forecast: Shared Publicly Bank Account Details: Kept Private",classification "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Shastasaurus, Arctic Fox",,"Arctic Fox is alive, Shastasaurus is extinct.",classification What are some things you could do over the Easter break?,,"- Go camping - Visit friends - Go out to lunch - Relax - Clean the house - Sleep in every day - Spend time with family - Go to church - Go shopping - Play sport - Go to the gym - Sightsee - Take up a new hobby",brainstorming How many people died in the Cloquet fire of Illinois according to the text?,"The Cloquet fire was an immense forest fire in northern Minnesota, United States in October 1918, caused by sparks on the local railroads and dry conditions. The fire left much of western Carlton County devastated, mostly affecting Moose Lake, Cloquet, and Kettle River. Cloquet was hit the hardest by the fires. It was the worst natural disaster in Minnesota history in terms of the number of casualties in a single day. In total, 453 people died and 52,000 people were injured or displaced, 38 communities were destroyed, 250,000 acres (100,000 ha) were burned, and $73 million ($1.315 billion in 2023 United States dollars) in property damage was suffered. Thirteen million dollars in federal aid were disbursed.","453 people died in the Cloquet fire that occurred in northern Minnesota, United States in October 1918. In addition to the 453 people that died, 52,000 people were injured or displaced, 38 communities were destroyed, 250,000 acres (100,000 ha) were burned, and $73 million ($1.315 billion in 2023 United States dollars) in property damage was suffered.",closed_qa How can I become the best person?,,"To want to be the best person, you have to know who or what you want to compare yourself to. It is very advisable to compare yourself only with yourself. Where am I currently in life, what do I want to change and what goals do I want to achieve? Examples are: to have more friends, to be healthier, to develop a better contact with the children, to work less etc.. So the question should be: how can I become the best person I can be? It makes no sense to compare yourself with others. Only compare to yourself.",creative_writing What is the difference between a sunny side up egg and a scrambled egg?,,"In a sunny side up egg, the yolk is intact, whereas in a scrambled egg, the egg is beaten and scrambled.",open_qa Why are so many movies and tv shows merely recycled stories from previously successful stories ?,,One theory has to do with the increase of streaming choices and that the volume and frequency of new content means that it’s difficult to produce entirely unique stories.,brainstorming "Classify each of the following as a dental or hair product: toothbrush, floss, shampoo, conditioner, gel, floss",,"Toothbrush: Dental Product Floss: Dental Product Shampoo: Hair Product Conditioner: Hair Product Gel: Hair Product Floss: Dental Product",classification What is the difference between American Football and Futbol?,,"In America, football refers to the NFL style of football. This involves heavily padded players, scripted plays and a game where the goal is to get the ball into an endzone with a mix of pass and run plays. International Futbol refers to the game that is played primarily with a players feet, passing the ball and shooting with only their feet of head. Players in Futbol are not allowed to use their hands unless they are the goalie defending the goal. The goal of Futbol is to get the ball into the opposing team's net.",open_qa Give me a list of cities where I can stop/stay as I drive from Austin to Chicago by road,,"There could be multiple itineraries for a road trip from Austin to Chicago, as it's a 1000+ mile drive, but some of the prominent cities that you drive through are Dallas / Fort Worth, Texas Little Rock, Arkansas Memphis, Tennessee St Louis, Missouri",brainstorming How to do forecasting with small dataset?,,"Forecasting with small datasets can be challenging, as many traditional methods require larger amounts of data for accurate predictions. Here are few approaches that can help you. Simple moving average: This involves taking the average of a certain number of past data points, and using it as the forecast for the next period. This method can be effective for stable time series with no trend or seasonality. Exponential smoothing: This method assigns exponentially decreasing weights to past observations, with more recent observations being given more weight. This method can be effective for time series with trend and/or seasonality. ARIMA: The AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model is a popular choice for time series forecasting. It can be effective for small datasets if the underlying data follows a pattern that can be modeled using an ARIMA model.",open_qa "Tell me which of these albums were by AC/DC, Judas Priest, or Van Halen: Back in Black, Screaming for Vengeance, Stained Class, British Steel, Painkiller, Women and Children First, 1984, Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap, Diver Down, Rocka Rolla, Powerage",,"Back in Black - AC/DC Screaming for Vengeance - Judas Priest Stained Class - Judas Priest British Steel - Judas Priest Painkiller - Judas Priest Women and Children First - Van Halen 1984 - Van Halen Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap - AC/DC Diver Down - Van Halen Rocka Rolla - Judas Priest Powerage - AC/DC",classification "Make a list of some popular Japanese animations, I haven't watched yet.",,"Here are a list of some popular Japanese animations: Death Note, Pokémon, Re:Zero -Starting Life in Another World-, JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure, Neon Genesis Evangelion, Fullmetal Alchemist, One Piece, Clannad, Naruto, and Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba.",brainstorming Which is a species of fish? Sleeper or Snoozer,,Sleeper,classification "What are the five highest peaks in the world, their altitude, and the countries where are they located?",,"- Everest Mount, 8849 meters, is located in the Himalayas chain at the Nepalese border with China - K2, 8611 meters, located in the Karakoram mountain range in Pakistan and China - Kangchenjunga, 8586 meters, located in the Himalaya chain across Nepal & India - Lhotse, 8,516 meters, still located in the Himalayas chain in China and Nepal - Makalu, 8,485 meters, located in the Himalayas chain across Nepal and China",brainstorming "Identify which car manufacturer is French or American: Alpine, Cadillac",,"Cadillac is American, Alpine is French",classification List some of the games that improve brain function.,,"Sudoku, Lumosity, Crosswords, Elevate, Peak, Happy Neuron, Braingle, Queendom",brainstorming "From this summary, list three ways in which artificial intelligence systems show behavior misaligned human values, covered by Brian Christian in the three sections of his book ""The Alignment Problem""?","The book is divided into three sections: Prophecy, Agency, and Normativity. Each section covers researchers and engineers working on different challenges in the alignment of artificial intelligence with human values. Prophecy In the first section, Christian interweaves discussions of the history of artificial intelligence research, particularly the machine learning approach of artificial neural networks such as the Perceptron and AlexNet, with examples of how AI systems can have unintended behavior. He tells the story of Julia Angwin, a journalist whose ProPublica investigation of the COMPAS algorithm, a tool for predicting recidivism among criminal defendants, led to widespread criticism of its accuracy and bias towards certain demographics. One of AI's main alignment challenges is its black box nature (inputs and outputs are identifiable but the transformation process in between is undetermined). The lack of transparency makes it difficult to know where the system is going right and where it is going wrong. Agency In the second section, Christian similarly interweaves the history of the psychological study of reward, such as behaviorism and dopamine, with the computer science of reinforcement learning, in which AI systems need to develop policy (""what to do"") in the face of a value function (""what rewards or punishment to expect""). He calls the DeepMind AlphaGo and AlphaZero systems ""perhaps the single most impressive achievement in automated curriculum design."" He also highlights the importance of curiosity, in which reinforcement learners are intrinsically motivated to explore their environment, rather than exclusively seeking the external reward. Normativity The third section covers training AI through the imitation of human or machine behavior, as well as philosophical debates such as between possibilism and actualism that imply different ideal behavior for AI systems. Of particular importance is inverse reinforcement learning, a broad approach for machines to learn the objective function of a human or another agent. Christian discusses the normative challenges associated with effective altruism and existential risk, including the work of philosophers Toby Ord and William MacAskill who are trying to devise human and machine strategies for navigating the alignment problem as effectively as possible.","In the first section, Prophecy, the author talks about predictive models making decisions that are difficult to examine and may become discriminative or unfair. In the second section, Agency, about reinforcement learning systems, despite some remarkable achievements, are guided nearly exclusively by their objective function, not so much by curiosity to discover the world. In the third section, Normativity, inverse reinforcement learning techniques face the challenge of figuring out the objective function of humans.",summarization "From the following list, tell me whether these animals are real of fictitious: unicorn, alpaca, kangaroo rat, griffin, centaur, colossal squid",,"Unicorns, griffins and centaurs are fictitious animals while alpacas, kangaroo rats and colossal squids are real animals",classification "Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Alfa Romeo, Cadilliac",,"Cadillac is American, Alfa Romeo is Italian",classification What direction did Italy Avenue go in Uruguay per this block of text?,"Italy Avenue (Spanish: Avenida Italia) is a major thoroughfare in Montevideo, Uruguay. Its name honors the country from whose immigrants about 40% of Uruguayans descend. It runs almost parallel to that of Gral Rivera Avenue, the Rambla and Camino Carrasco, constituting the main arterial road of the city, since it connects with the network of highways that lead to the east of the country. It extends through several neighborhoods heading east, and ends with the intersection with Avenida Luis Giannattasio (which runs through Ciudad de la Costa and Avenida de las Américas (which leads to the Carrasco International Airport and the Interbalnearia and 101 routes), in the Canelones Department. In 2017, a project was presented for the construction of a tunnel for Avenida Italia, extended below Centenario Ave. On March 18, 2021, the uneven passage of Italia and Centenario avenues was officially operational, on the path that goes to the Center (westbound). This is the third tunnel in the city, after the one on 8 de Octubre Ave and the City Hall.",east to west,closed_qa How do I make a custom-shaped rug?,,"The easiest way is to buy a normal rug that you can cut down to size to fit your shape. Rugs made out of synthetic materials are easier to cut since they do not need special processing to stop them from getting unthreaded. You should draw an outline on the back on the rug and use a very sharp cutter to trace it. To prevent damage while cutting, you can put a regular kitchen cutting board under your work area. Finally, you can seal the edges either by singeing them, putting a bead of glue or buying adhesive rug edging tape.",brainstorming List all the people mentioned in this paragraph on the history of Unix,"The new operating system was initially without organizational backing, and also without a name. At this stage, the new operating system was a singletasking operating system, not a multitasking one such as Multics. The name Unics (Uniplexed Information and Computing Service, pronounced as ""eunuchs""), a pun on Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computer Services), was initially suggested for the project in 1970. Brian Kernighan claims the coining for himself, and adds that ""no one can remember"" who came up with the final spelling Unix. Dennis Ritchie and Doug McIlroy also credit Kernighan. When the Computing Sciences Research Center wanted to use Unix on a machine larger than the PDP-7, while another department needed a word processor, Thompson and Ritchie added text processing capabilities to Unix and received funding for a PDP-11. For the first time in 1970, the Unix operating system was officially named and ran on the PDP-11. A text-formatting program called roff and a text editor were added. All three were written in PDP-11 assembly language. Bell Labs used this initial text-processing system, consisting of Unix, roff, and the editor, for text processing of patent applications. Roff soon evolved into troff, the first electronic publishing program with full typesetting capability. As the system grew in complexity and the research team wanted more users, the need for a manual grew apparent. The UNIX Programmer's Manual was published on 3 November 1971; commands were documented in the ""man page"" format that is still used, offering terse reference information about usage as well as bugs in the software, and listing the authors of programs to channel questions to them. After other Bell Labs departments purchased DEC PDP-11s, they also chose to run Unix instead of DEC's own operating system. By Version 4 it was widely used within the laboratory and a Unix Support Group was formed, helping the operating system survive by formalizing its distribution. In 1973, Version 4 Unix was rewritten in the higher-level language C, contrary to the general notion at the time that an operating system's complexity and sophistication required it to be written in assembly language. The C language appeared as part of Version 2. Thompson and Ritchie were so influential on early Unix that McIlroy estimated that they wrote and debugged about 100,000 lines of code that year, stating that ""[their names] may safely be assumed to be attached to almost everything not otherwise attributed"". Although assembly did not disappear from the man pages until Version 8, the migration to C suggested portability of the software, requiring only a relatively small amount of machine-dependent code to be replaced when porting Unix to other computing platforms. Version 4 Unix, however, still had considerable PDP-11-dependent code and was not suitable for porting. The first port to other platform was made five years later (1978) for Interdata 8/32. The Unix operating system was first presented formally to the outside world at the 1973 Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, where Ritchie and Thompson delivered a paper. This led to requests for the system, but under a 1956 consent decree in settlement of an antitrust case, the Bell System (the parent organization of Bell Labs) was forbidden from entering any business other than ""common carrier communications services"", and was required to license any patents it had upon request. Unix could not, therefore, be turned into a product. Bell Labs instead shipped the system for the cost of media and shipping. Ken Thompson quietly began answering requests by shipping out tapes and disks, each accompanied by – according to legend – a note signed, ""Love, Ken"".","- Brian Kernighan - Dennis Ritchie - Doug McIlroy - Ken Thompson",information_extraction "Extract the names of the freedom fighters of Bengal, India from the text. Separate them with a comma.","In July 1905, Lord Curzon, the Viceroy and Governor-General (1899–1905), ordered the partition of the province of Bengal. The stated aim was to improve administration. However, this was seen as an attempt to quench nationalistic sentiment through divide and rule. The Bengali Hindu intelligentsia exerted considerable influence on local and national politics. The partition outraged Bengalis. Widespread agitation ensued in the streets and in the press, and the Congress advocated boycotting British products under the banner of swadeshi, or indigenous industries. A growing movement emerged, focussing on indigenous Indian industries, finance, and education, which saw the founding of National Council of Education, the birth of Indian financial institutions and banks, as well as an interest in Indian culture and achievements in science and literature. Hindus showed unity by tying Rakhi on each other's wrists and observing Arandhan (not cooking any food). During this time, Bengali Hindu nationalists like Sri Aurobindo, Bhupendranath Datta, and Bipin Chandra Pal began writing virulent newspaper articles challenging the legitimacy of British rule in India in publications such as Jugantar and Sandhya, and were charged with sedition. The Partition also precipitated increasing activity from the then still Nascent militant nationalist revolutionary movement, which was particularly gaining strength in Bengal and Maharashtra from the last decade of the 1800s. In Bengal, Anushilan Samiti, led by brothers Aurobindo and Barin Ghosh organised a number of attacks of figureheads of the Raj, culminating in the attempt on the life of a British judge in Muzaffarpur. This precipitated the Alipore bomb case, whilst a number of revolutionaries were killed, or captured and put on trial. Revolutionaries like Khudiram Bose, Prafulla Chaki, Kanailal Dutt who were either killed or hanged became household names.","Sri Aurobindo, Bhupendranath Datta, Bipin Chandra Pal, Khudiram Bose, Prafulla Chaki, Kanailal Dutt",information_extraction "Classify each of the following as either a city or a country: Seoul, Shanghai, Sao Paolo, Singapore, Sweden.",,"Seoul is the largest city in South Korea and also the capital. Shanghai is the most populous city in China and is also known as ""The Pearl of Asia."" Sao Paolo is a city in the Brazilian state of the same name, Sao Paolo and is named after an Apostle, Saint Paul of Tarsus. Singapore is simultaneously a city, state, and country. Sweden is a country which has produced many world-renowned pop singers and bands including Abba.",classification What are three ways to camp.,,"Tent camping, car camping, cabin camping",brainstorming Name some Japanese words that describe various Japanese art forms.,,"Ikebana is the art of flower arranging. Kabuki is a form of traditional Japanese theatre. Origami is the art of folding paper into various shapes, such as animals. Anime is a Japanese form of comic book art. Haiku is a form of Japanese poetry.",open_qa When is the best time of year to visit the Smoky Mountains?,,"The Smoky Mountains are open and accessible year around. One can visit the Smokies during each of the 4 different seasons and have a completely different experience in each. Colder months, such as December through early March, are great if you want to explore when it's less crowded, but be prepared for certain higher elevation trails and roadways to be closed due to ice and snow. Summer months are great for morning hikes and hikes at higher elevations as the temperatures are moderately warm and comfortable, but be prepared for larger crowds, as this is the busiest time of year around the park. In October, the Smokies are full of red, orange, and yellow leaves changing colors before dropping for the Winter. This is one of the more beautiful times of year in the Smokies, but also a very busy time as visitors flock to the park to see all the colors. Spring break is also a great time of year to visit the Smoky Mountains, as the weather is cool for long hikes, the bears are just starting to come out with their cubs, and the crowds are less than what you'd see during the summer.",open_qa "Classify each of the following a golf tournament or a tennis tournament: Masters, Dell Matchplay, PGA Championship, Wimbledon, Miami Open, French Open, Players Championship",,"Masters: Golf Tournament Dell Matchplay: Golf Tournament PGA Championship: Golf Tournament Wimbledon: Tennis Tournament Miami Open: Tennis Tournament French Open: Tennis Tournament Players Championship: Golf Tournament",classification "Two small communities are separated by a distance of three miles. In the absence of a modern telecommunications infrastructure, think of five ways for inhabitants to efficiently exchange messages.",,"The first method that comes to mind involves physically carrying messages on foot or in a vehicle of some sort, and relaying them verbally or in written form. An alternative approach still involving physical delivery of the message could be to employ some physical system to convey the messages for you. Examples of this principle include zip lines or pneumatic tubes. A different approach could be to transmit the message acoustically, which at this distance would require a very loud signalling device, the assistance of a transmission medium of some sort, or repeaters along the way. Encoding the information of the message and transmitting it visually provides yet a different approach. This could be in the form of light flashing or smoke signals for example. Finally, employing some rudimentary physical system to transmit encoded information could be used. For example, a taut cable or hydraulic system whose changes or movements could be translated into information.",brainstorming "Classify these as things you would want to wear for a rainy day or a very hot day: umbrella, ball cap, rain jacket, t-shirt, sunglasses, rain boots, flip-flops",,"umbrella: rain, ball cap: hot day, rain jacket: rainy day, t-shirt: hot day, sunglasses: hot day, rain boots: rainy day, flip-flops: hot day",classification "Given this reference text about the Philadelphia Phillies, how many stadiums have they had and where do they play currently?","The franchise was founded in Philadelphia in 1883, replacing the team from Worcester, Massachusetts, in the National League. The team has played at several stadiums in the city, beginning with Recreation Park (1883–1886) and continuing at Baker Bowl (1887–1938); Shibe Park (which was renamed Connie Mack Stadium in 1953 in honor of the longtime Philadelphia Athletics manager Connie Mack) (1938–1970); Veterans Stadium (1971–2003), and now Citizens Bank Park (2004-present).",The Phillies have played in five different stadium throughout their history in Philadelphia. They currently play at Citizens Bank Park.,closed_qa What's are common synonyms for an enterprise sales person?,,"salesman, saleswoman, rep, sales rep, account exec, seller, AE, account rep",open_qa "categorize each of the following into these groups: solid, liquid, and gas. ice, neon (at room temperature), water, whiskey, a chair, carbon dioxide, and glass",,"solid: ice, chair, glass liquid: water, whiskey gas: neon, carbon dioxide",classification "If you are stranded in the African bush, what’s the best way to stay alive ?",,"The best advice is to stay calm, panicking will increase your stress levels and could lead to dehydration faster. The next is to assess your situation, look for high trees , this can help you with both safety from animals on the ground and can help with getting a better assessment of your surroundings and see if you can get a connection on your phone. If it’s safe to travel, do so only at dusk and dawn when the sun is lowest. Don’t travel at night. If you need to spend the night, don’t start a fire, this could spread uncontrollable and create an additional challenge for you. If you find a tree that is free of animals and snakes, try and use a piece of clothing to tie you to that tree so you can sleep without falling. Finding water is essential, don’t drink from any standing water, it most likely contains dangerous pathogens. Try and find roots, bulbs or trees that have water. If you can see a river , try to follow its path downstream, it will most likely lead to more human populated areas but also be careful as animals often migrate to and from rivers.",brainstorming "Classify the below states based on which coast they are located . Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, California, Oregon",,"East Coast - Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland West Coast - California, Oregon",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Sambal, Yueqin",,"Yueqin is string, Sambal is percussion.",classification "Tell me whether you can or cannot legally drive a car or each of the following: road, highway, sidewalk, interstate, pedestrian only bridge",,"Road: Can Legally Drive Highway: Can Legally Drive Sidewalk: Can't Legally Drive Interstate: Can Legally Drive Pedestrian Only Bridge: Can't Legally Drive",classification Write a bullet-pointed list of updates from a college club fundraising team lead about their fundraising work from last week.,,"* Planned fundraising efforts for the next week, as well as implemented donut sales on campus to increase fundraising streams. * Sent out Google Form to gauged interest of the club on buying club-branded shirts and stickers. By mid-week, we will make final decisions on apparel and begin sending out order forms. * Continued with burger and chicken wings food sales on the central campus plaza.",creative_writing Who was Arseny Bibikov,,"Arseny Nikolayevich Bibikov (1873 — 1927) was a writer, film and stage actor, poet. Bibikov played in almost 50 films.",open_qa "Give me the list of top 10 movies released in the current millennium, by IMDB rating. Format: Title (Release Date) Rating",,"These are the top 10 movies released in the current millennium, based on their IMDB rating: 1. The Dark Knight (2008) 9.0 2. The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) 8.9 3. The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) 8.8 4. The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) 8.7 5. Inception (2010) 8.7 6. City of God (2002) 8.6 7. Interstellar (2014) 8.6 8. Spirited Away (2001) 8.5 9. The Pianist (2002) 8.5 10. Gladiator (2000) 8.5",open_qa "Based on the following paragraph on paleontology, what's the difference between paleontology and archaeology?","Paleontology lies on the border between biology and geology, but differs from archaeology in that it excludes the study of anatomically modern humans. It now uses techniques drawn from a wide range of sciences, including biochemistry, mathematics, and engineering. Use of all these techniques has enabled paleontologists to discover much of the evolutionary history of life, almost all the way back to when Earth became capable of supporting life, nearly 4 billion years ago. As knowledge has increased, paleontology has developed specialised sub-divisions, some of which focus on different types of fossil organisms while others study ecology and environmental history, such as ancient climates.",Paleontology differs from archaeology in that archaeology includes the study of anatomically modern humans whereas paleontology does not.,closed_qa What are examples of plants that can successfully grow in the tundra?,,"Arctic Moss, Arctic Poppy, Lichens, Labrador Tea, Arctic Willow.",brainstorming "Tell me whether these are artists or football players: Andy Warhol, Joe Montana, Jackson Pollock, Tom Brady, Mark Rothko.",,"Andy Warhol was an American artist and leading figure in the pop art movement. Joe Montana is an American football quarterback that played in the National Football League (NFL). Jackson Pollock was an American painter and a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement. Tom Brady is an American football quarterback that played in the National Football League (NFL). Mark Rothko was a Latvian-American abstract painter.",classification "Without quoting directly from the text give me a short bulleted list of the regions in the Pokemon universe, categorized by the real world places they are supposed to be based on.","Kanto The Kanto region is the setting of Pokémon Red, Blue, and Yellow and their remakes, Pokémon FireRed, LeafGreen, Let's Go, Pikachu! and Let's Go, Eevee!. Based on and named after the Kantō region of Japan, this setting started the precedent of basing the geography and culture of the game's region on a real world setting. This region is also visited in Pokémon Gold, Silver, Crystal, HeartGold and SoulSilver. Johto See also: Pokémon Gold and Silver § Setting The Johto region is the setting of the second generation of Pokémon games, which includes Pokémon Gold, Silver, Crystal and their remakes, Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver. Again based on an area of Japan, this game's geography is based upon the Kansai, Tokai and eastern Shikoku areas of the country. The game setting draws upon the Kansai region's abundance of temples, the architectural design of the Kansai region and its geographical sights, such as Mount Fuji and the Naruto whirlpools. Hoenn The Hoenn region is the setting of the third generation of Pokémon games, Pokémon Ruby, Sapphire and Emerald, as well as their remakes Pokémon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire. This time being based on the Japanese island of Kyushu; the real world and game region share an abundance of smaller islands around the main one and a subtropical climate. Like Sinnoh, this region is known to have a large range of various natural environments, such as rainforests and deserts. Sinnoh The Sinnoh region is the setting of the fourth generation of Pokémon games, which encompasses the setting of Pokémon Diamond, Pearl and Platinum, as well as their remakes Pokémon Brilliant Diamond and Shining Pearl and Pokémon Legends: Arceus. It is based on the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaidō. The region was meant to have a ""northern"" feel, with some routes being entirely covered in snow. Unova The Unova region is the setting of the fifth generation of Pokémon games, which encompasses the setting of Pokémon Black and White and their sequels Pokémon Black 2 and White 2. For the first time in the main series, the region was based on a region outside Japan, with Unova taking inspiration from the New York metropolitan area Kalos The Kalos region is the setting of the sixth generation of Pokémon games, which is where the games Pokémon X and Y take place. This region is inspired almost entirely by the northern half of Metropolitan France, with landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower and the Palace of Versailles having representations here, along with a French style of music and fashion. According to Junichi Masuda, the name ""Kalos"" comes from the Greek word κάλλος, 'beauty'. The Kalos Pokemon League is based on the Notre-Dame de Paris due to its castle/cathedral-like exterior. Alola The Alola region is the setting of the seventh generation of Pokémon games, Pokémon Sun, Moon, Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon. This region is based on Hawaii, marking the second time a main entry Pokémon game setting has been inspired by a U.S. state. The name itself is a play on aloha, the Hawaiian word for both ""hello"" and ""goodbye"". Galar The Galar region is the setting of the eighth generation of Pokémon games, which is where the games Pokémon Sword and Shield take place. This region is primarily inspired by Great Britain (mainly England and parts of Scotland), showcasing landmarks inspired by Big Ben and Hadrian's Wall. Two additional areas, The Isle of Armor and The Crown Tundra, are based on the Isle of Man and Scotland respectively. The Galar Region was also introduced in Pokémon Journeys. Paldea The Paldea region is the setting of the ninth generation Pokémon games Pokémon Scarlet and Violet. The region seems to be based on the Iberian Peninsula, which encompasses both Spain and Portugal.","To date, regions in the Pokemon universe have been based on parts of Japan, Europe, and the United States. The breakdown is as follows: - Regions based on Japan: Kanto (Kantō, Japan), Johto (Kansai, Japan), Hoenn (Kyushu, Japan), Sinnoh and Hisui (Hokkaido, Japan) - Regions based on Europe: Kalos (France), Galar (England, Wales, Scotland, Isle of Man), Paldea (Spain and Portugal) - Regions based on the United States: Unova (New York City, United States), Alola (Hawaii, United States)",summarization What is Pascal?,,"Pascal is an imperative and procedural programming language, designed by Niklaus Wirth as a small, efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring. It is named in honour of the French mathematician, philosopher and physicist Blaise Pascal.",open_qa "Classify the following numbers into natural, rational, irrational, integer, and complex: 1, 0, -10, pi, e, root(25), I*pi, root(2), 6/7, 5/6",,"Natural: 1 Rational: 1, 0, -10, root(25), 6/7, 5/6 Irrational: pi, e, root(2) Complex: 1, 0, -10, pi, e, root(25), I*pi, root(2), 6/7, 5/6",classification When did the Great Chicago Fire occur?,"He assumed the presidency of the Commercial Insurance Company, then was named president of the Chicago Board of Underwriters in 1869. Following the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, he was named the president of the State Savings Institution, resigning in 1873. Dore also presided over the Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Home and donated a building to them in 1884.",1871,information_extraction "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Machaeroides, Red Panda",,"Red Panda is alive, Machaeroides is extinct.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Bubon, Kobyz",,"Kobyz is string, Bubon is percussion.",classification What are some low fat snack options?,,"popcorn, watermelon, low fat cheese sticks, low fat cottage cheese, apples, grapes, carrots, sugar snap peas, edamame",brainstorming Which of the following rivers are in India?,,"Ganges, Nile, Yamuna, Indus, Thames",classification which are the youngest mountain ranges in the world ?,"The Himalayan range is one of the youngest mountain ranges on the planet and consists mostly of uplifted sedimentary and metamorphic rock. According to the modern theory of plate tectonics, its formation is a result of a continental collision or orogeny along the convergent boundary (Main Himalayan Thrust) between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The Arakan Yoma highlands in Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal were also formed as a result of this collision. Himalayan ranges passes though countries like India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, and China.","The youngest mountains are the Himalayan range passing though India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, and China",information_extraction "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kundu, Kabosy",,"Kabosy is string, Kundu is percussion.",classification Extract from this passage the the locations where the Patriots have held training camp and separate the answers with commas.,"The Patriots hold training camp and practices just outside of Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, with twin practice fields available for team use. Prior to 2003, the Patriots held training camp and practice at numerous locations. From 1976 to 2002, the team held training camp at Bryant College in Smithfield, Rhode Island. From 1960 to 1961, then from 1969 to 1975, the Patriots held training camp at University of Massachusetts Amherst. Between 1962 and 1968, the Patriots held training camp at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. From 1971 until 2001, the Patriots would simply practice at Foxboro Stadium whenever the field was available, otherwise they would use the public football fields that were available in Foxborough.","Outside Gillette Stadium, Bryant College, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Philips Academy, Foxboro Stadium, the public football fields available in Foxborough",information_extraction how many teams relegate from the English premier league?,"A system of promotion and relegation exists between the Premier League and the EFL Championship. The three lowest placed teams in the Premier League are relegated to the Championship, and the top two teams from the Championship promoted to the Premier League, with an additional team promoted after a series of play-offs involving the third, fourth, fifth and sixth placed clubs. The number of clubs was reduced from 22 to 20 in 1995, when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted. The top flight had only been expanded to 22 teams at the start of the 1991–92 season – the year prior to the formation of the Premier League. On 8 June 2006, FIFA requested that all major European leagues, including Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga, be reduced to 18 teams by the start of the 2007–08 season. The Premier League responded by announcing their intention to resist such a reduction. Ultimately, the 2007–08 season kicked off again with 20 teams.",The Premier league consists of 20 teams. At the end of each season the bottom three teams gets relegated to the EFL and three teams from the EFL gets promoted to the premier league.,summarization What is CAPTCHA?,,CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is a type of challenge-response test used in computing to determine whether the user is human.,open_qa Give me a list of the best golf movies I've never seen.,,"- Caddyshack - Tin Cup - The Greatest Game Ever Played - The Legend of Bagger Vance",brainstorming Is a blackberry a fruit or a berry?,,"While blackberry sounds like a berry, it's actually a fruit. To be more accurate, it's considered an ""aggregate fruit,"" a fruit that consists of multiple smaller fruits. It's made of multiple small drupelets that are arranged around a central core.",classification Describe Lie Algebra,"In mathematics, a simple Lie group is a connected non-abelian Lie group G which does not have nontrivial connected normal subgroups. The list of simple Lie groups can be used to read off the list of simple Lie algebras and Riemannian symmetric spaces. Together with the commutative Lie group of the real numbers, \mathbb {R} , and that of the unit-magnitude complex numbers, U(1) (the unit circle), simple Lie groups give the atomic ""blocks"" that make up all (finite-dimensional) connected Lie groups via the operation of group extension. Many commonly encountered Lie groups are either simple or 'close' to being simple: for example, the so-called ""special linear group"" SL(n) of n by n matrices with determinant equal to 1 is simple for all n > 1. The first classification of simple Lie groups was by Wilhelm Killing, and this work was later perfected by Élie Cartan. The final classification is often referred to as Killing-Cartan classification.","Unfortunately, there is no universally accepted definition of a simple Lie group. In particular, it is not always defined as a Lie group that is simple as an abstract group. Authors differ on whether a simple Lie group has to be connected, or on whether it is allowed to have a non-trivial center, or on whether � \mathbb {R} is a simple Lie group. The most common definition is that a Lie group is simple if it is connected, non-abelian, and every closed connected normal subgroup is either the identity or the whole group. In particular, simple groups are allowed to have a non-trivial center, but � \mathbb {R} is not simple. In this article the connected simple Lie groups with trivial center are listed. Once these are known, the ones with non-trivial center are easy to list as follows. Any simple Lie group with trivial center has a universal cover, whose center is the fundamental group of the simple Lie group. The corresponding simple Lie groups with non-trivial center can be obtained as quotients of this universal cover by a subgroup of the center. Alternatives An equivalent definition of a simple Lie group follows from the Lie correspondence: A connected Lie group is simple if its Lie algebra is simple. An important technical point is that a simple Lie group may contain discrete normal subgroups. For this reason, the definition of a simple Lie group is not equivalent to the definition of a Lie group that is simple as an abstract group. Simple Lie groups include many classical Lie groups, which provide a group-theoretic underpinning for spherical geometry, projective geometry and related geometries in the sense of Felix Klein's Erlangen program. It emerged in the course of classification of simple Lie groups that there exist also several exceptional possibilities not corresponding to any familiar geometry. These exceptional groups account for many special examples and configurations in other branches of mathematics, as well as contemporary theoretical physics. As a counterexample, the general linear group is neither simple, nor semisimple. This is because multiples of the identity form a nontrivial normal subgroup, thus evading the definition. Equivalently, the corresponding Lie algebra has a degenerate Killing form, because multiples of the identity map to the zero element of the algebra. Thus, the corresponding Lie algebra is also neither simple nor semisimple. Another counter-example are the special orthogonal groups in even dimension. These have the matrix − � -I in the center, and this element is path-connected to the identity element, and so these groups evade the definition. Both of these are reductive groups.",information_extraction "Given a reference text about dried spaghetti production, what is required to produce spaghetti without errors?","The bulk of dried spaghetti is produced in factories using auger extruders. While essentially simple, the process requires attention to detail to ensure that the mixing and kneading of the ingredients produces a homogeneous mix, without air bubbles. The forming dies have to be water cooled to prevent spoiling of the pasta by overheating. Drying of the newly formed spaghetti has to be carefully controlled to prevent strands sticking together, and to leave it with sufficient moisture so that it is not too brittle. Packaging for protection and display has developed from paper wrapping to plastic bags and boxes.","Spaghetti production is straight-forward, but requires the maker to ensure the mixture is homogenous and without air bubbles before starting the drying process. The drying process itself needs to be monitored to ensure that the individual spaghetti strands do not stick together but also do not dry out so much that they become brittle",closed_qa Extract the names of influencers on Ruben Dario's poetry,"French poetry was a determinant influence in Darío's formation as a poet. In the first place, the romantics, particularly Victor Hugo. Later on, and in a decisive fashion, Darío was influenced by the parnassians: Théophile Gautier, Catulle Mendès, and José María de Heredia. Another decisive influence was the writer of prose and poetry and national hero of Cuba, Jose Martí. The final defining element of Darianian aesthetic is his admiration towards the symbolists, especially Paul Verlaine. Recapitulating his own poetic trajectory in the initial poem of Cantos de vida y esperanza (1905) Darío himself synthesized his main influences when he affirms that he was ""strong with Hugo and ambiguous with Verlaine"" (""con Hugo fuerte y con Verlaine ambiguo"".) In the section ""Palabras Liminares"" of Prosas Profanas (1896) he had already written a paragraph that reveals the importance of French culture in the development of his literary work: The old Spaniard with a white beard points towards a series of illustrious portraits: ""This one—he says—is the great Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, one-handed genius; this one is Lope de Vega, this one is Garcilaso, this one Quintana."" I ask him for the noble man Gracián, for Teresa of Ávila, for the brave Góngora and the strongest of all, Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas. Then I say: ""Shakespeare! Dante! Hugo...! (and in my head: Verlaine...!)"" Then, when saying goodbye: ""-Old man, it is important to say: my wife is from my land; my mistress is from Paris."" Los raros is an illustrative volume regarding literary tastes, which he published on the same year as Prosas profanas, and dedicated to briefly glossing some of the writers and intellectuals towards whom he felt profound admiration. Amongst those in the book we find Edgar Allan Poe, Villiers de l'Isle Adam, Léon Bloy, Paul Verlaine, Lautréamont, Eugénio de Castro and José Martí (the latter being the only one mentioned who wrote their literary work in Spanish.) The predominance of French culture is more than evident. Darío wrote: ""Modernism is nothing more than Spanish verse and prose passed through the fine sieve of the good French verse and the good French prose."" Setting aside his initial stage, before Azul..., in which his poetry owes a great deal to the great names of 19th-century Spanish poetry, such as Núñez de Arce and Campoamor, Darío was a great admirer of Bécquer. Spanish themes are well represented in his work, already in Prosas profanas and, specially, after his second trip to Spain, in 1899. Conscious of contemporaneous Spanish decadence in politics and the arts (a preoccupation he shared with the so-called Generation of '98), he frequently was inspired by characters and elements of the past. Regarding authors in other languages, it is worth mentioning that he felt a profound admiration towards three writers from the United States: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Edgar Allan Poe and Walt Whitman.[citation needed]","Victor Hugo Théophile Gautier Catulle Mendès José María de Heredia Jose Martí Paul Verlaine Edgar Allan Poe Villiers de l'Isle Adam Léon Bloy Lautréamont Eugénio de Castro Ralph Waldo Emerson Walt Whitman",information_extraction "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tan-tan, Ruan",,"Ruan is string, Tan-tan is percussion.",classification Why are cats better than dogs?,,"First, let me say that the question represents my own, personal, subjective opinion. I also adore dogs, just not as much as cats. I am fully a cat person. The cat, though. I am humbled by the task of trying to accurately capture in words the mystery of these beautiful creatures who have chosen to enslave humans. So instead, because I am also trying to train a model, I will just use a lot of unnecessary adjectives and that will have to do. Cats have been around humans for a long long time. I remember as a kid having a book that talked about how in Ancient Egypt cats were revered as holy creatures and kept in luxury in temples of Baast. The first known evidence of cat domestication is the excavation of a Neolithic grave in Cyprus. The thing I adore about cats is that they basically haven’t bothered to change themselves since then. They just carried on being slightly aloof and mysterious, but also affectionate and playful when they feel like it. And imperious and demanding, of course. Cats are incredible communicators. They have learned to meow at humans because they realised we respond to meows, even though you will very rarely hear a cat meow at another cat (the indignity!). Meows and chirps are the special condescending language cats developed to communicate with an inferior species. My own cat can make crystal clear what he wants with looks, body language and the odd meow when he can be bothered. He is also a total drama queen and obviously manipulative. If he wants food he will try the ‘I’m hungry’ meow first and if that doesn’t work we get the full on “I’m starving, this is a tragedy, I will die almost immediately if I don’t get food right now”. I am full of respect for the cats’ ability to manipulate humans and the shamelessness with which they do this. Cats are also super independent compared to dogs. No need for walks, no need for the dreaded poo bags, no need for expensive care every time you want to go away for a night. They love their humans but 100% on their own terms. Cats are adorable and cute. I can’t stress this enough. Ever seen a cat roll over so you can see its fluffy belly. How can you not melt. Ever had a cat make biscuits on your lap (or in the air). Cuteness overload. They are even cute when they are mad. And most cats I’ve met know how to gently tell you what affection is allowed and what isn’t (illegal belly rubs). They will bat you with a paw, but the claws will be in. And a cat purring on your lap is the single most relaxing thing in the whole world. The Swedish word for ‘cat’ is ‘kattepus’. That in itself seems a really great reason why cats are better than dogs. The last word goes to Terry Pratchett, author of the Discworld novels, who wrote ‘In ancient times cats were worshipped as gods; they have not forgotten this’. And neither should we.",creative_writing "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cantaro, Gudok",,"Gudok is string, Cantaro is percussion.",classification Do you know any beautiful flower with purple petals and native to Scandinavia and central Europe?,"Campanula cervicaria, also known as the bristly bellflower, is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family, Campanulaceae. Native to Scandinavia and central Europe, C. cervicaria has also become naturalised in parts of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Its natural habitat is woodland edges, hillside meadows, dry meadows and banks, and it also flourishes where soil has been disturbed, for example after slash-and-burn or forest clearance. The plant has a hairy stem, with light blue flowers about 1 to 2 centimetres (0.4 to 0.8 in) long and grouped together. This C. cervicaria flower was photographed in Keila, Estonia.","Yes, Campanula cervicaria, also known as the bristly bellflower, is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family, Campanulaceae. It is Native to Scandinavia and central Europe, it has also become naturalised in parts of the U.S. state of Minnesota.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph about Indiana Jones, tell me who starred in the franchise films with Harrison Ford","Indiana Jones is an American media franchise based on the adventures of Dr. Henry Walton ""Indiana"" Jones, Jr., a fictional professor of archaeology, that began in 1981 with the film Raiders of the Lost Ark. In 1984, a prequel, The Temple of Doom, was released, and in 1989, a sequel, The Last Crusade. A fourth film followed in 2008, titled The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. A fifth and final film, titled The Dial of Destiny, is in production and is scheduled to be released in 2023. The series was created by George Lucas and stars Harrison Ford as Indiana Jones. The first four films were directed by Steven Spielberg, who worked closely with Lucas during their production. In 1992, the franchise expanded to a television series with The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, portraying the character in his childhood and youth, and including adventures with his parents. Marvel Comics began publishing The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones in 1983, and Dark Horse Comics gained the comic book rights to the character in 1991. Novelizations of the films have been published, as well as many novels with original adventures, including a series of German novels by Wolfgang Hohlbein, twelve novels set before the films published by Bantam Books, and a series set during the character's childhood inspired by the television show. Numerous Indiana Jones video games have been released since 1982. Background During 1973, George Lucas wrote The Adventures of Indiana Smith. Like Star Wars, it was an opportunity to create a modern version of the movie serials of the 1930s and 1940s. Lucas discussed the concept with Philip Kaufman, who worked with him for several weeks and decided upon the Ark of the Covenant as the MacGuffin. The project was stalled when Clint Eastwood hired Kaufman to write The Outlaw Josey Wales. In May 1977, Lucas was in Maui, trying to escape the worldwide success of Star Wars. His friend and colleague Steven Spielberg was also there, on vacation from work on Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Spielberg told Lucas he was interested in making a James Bond film, but Lucas told him of an idea ""better than James Bond"", outlining the plot of Raiders of the Lost Ark. Spielberg loved it, calling it ""a James Bond film without the hardware"", and had the character's surname changed to Jones. Spielberg and Lucas made a deal with Paramount Pictures for five Indiana Jones films. Spielberg and Lucas aimed to make Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom much darker, because of their personal moods following their respective breakups and divorces. Lucas made the film a prequel as he did not want the Nazis to be the villains again. He had ideas regarding the Monkey King and a haunted castle, but eventually created the Sankara Stones, that would be used in the film. He hired Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz to write the script as he knew of their interest in Indian culture. The major scenes that were dropped from Raiders of the Lost Ark were included in this film: an escape using a giant rolling gong as a shield, a fall out of a plane in a raft, and a mine cart chase. For the third film, Spielberg revisited the Monkey King and haunted castle concepts, before Lucas suggested the Holy Grail. Spielberg had previously rejected this as too ethereal, but then devised a father-son story and decided that ""The Grail that everybody seeks could be a metaphor for a son seeking reconciliation with a father and a father seeking reconciliation with a son."" Following the 1989 release of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Lucas let the series end as he felt he could not think of a good plot device to drive the next installment and chose instead to produce The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, which explored the character in his early years. Ford played Indiana in one episode, narrating his adventures in 1920 Chicago. When Lucas shot Ford's role in December 1992, he realized that the scene opened up the possibility of a film with an older Indiana set in the 1950s. The film could reflect a science fiction 1950s B-movie, with aliens as the plot device. Ford disliked the new angle, telling Lucas: ""No way am I being in a Steven Spielberg movie like that."" Spielberg himself, who depicted aliens in Close Encounters of the Third Kind and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, resisted it. Lucas devised a story, which Jeb Stuart turned into a script from October 1993 to May 1994. Lucas wanted Indiana to get married, which would allow Henry Jones Sr. to return, expressing concern over whether his son is happy with what he has accomplished. After learning that Joseph Stalin was interested in psychic warfare, Lucas decided to have Russians as the villains and the aliens to have psychic powers. Following Stuart's next draft, Lucas hired Last Crusade writer Jeffrey Boam to write the next three versions, the last of which was completed in March 1996. Three months later, Independence Day was released, and Spielberg told Lucas he would not make another alien invasion film (or at least not until War of the Worlds in 2005). Lucas decided to focus on the Star Wars prequels instead. In 2000, Spielberg's son asked when the next Indiana Jones film would be released, which made him interested in reviving the project. The same year, Ford, Lucas, Spielberg, Frank Marshall, and Kathleen Kennedy met during the American Film Institute's tribute to Ford, and decided they wanted to enjoy the experience of making an Indiana Jones film again. Spielberg also found returning to the series a respite from his many dark films during this period. Spielberg and Lucas discussed the central idea of a B-movie involving aliens, and Lucas suggested using crystal skulls to ground the idea. Lucas found these artifacts as fascinating as the Ark, and had intended to feature them for a Young Indiana Jones episode before the show's cancellation. M. Night Shyamalan was hired to write for an intended 2002 shoot, but he was overwhelmed by the task, and claimed it was difficult to get Ford, Spielberg, and Lucas to focus. Stephen Gaghan and Tom Stoppard were also approached. Frank Darabont, who wrote various Young Indiana Jones episodes, was hired to write in May 2002. His script, titled Indiana Jones and the City of Gods, was set in the 1950s, with ex-Nazis pursuing Jones. Spielberg conceived the idea because of real-life figures such as Juan Perón in Argentina, who allegedly protected Nazi war criminals. Darabont claimed Spielberg loved the script, but Lucas had issues with it, and decided to take over writing himself. Lucas and Spielberg acknowledged that the 1950s setting could not ignore the Cold War, and the Russians were more plausible villains. Spielberg decided he could not satirize the Nazis after directing Schindler's List, while Ford felt ""We plum wore the Nazis out."" Darabont's main contribution was reintroducing Marion Ravenwood as Indiana's love interest, but he gave them a 13-year-old daughter, which Spielberg decided was too similar to The Lost World: Jurassic Park. Jeff Nathanson met with Spielberg and Lucas in August 2004, and turned in the next drafts in October and November 2005, titled The Atomic Ants. David Koepp continued on from there, giving his script the subtitle Destroyer of Worlds, based on the J. Robert Oppenheimer quote. It was changed to Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, as Spielberg found this a more inviting title which actually named the plot device. Koepp wanted to depict the character of Mutt as a nerd, but Lucas refused, explaining he had to resemble Marlon Brando in The Wild One; ""he needs to be what Indiana Jones's father thought of – the curse returns in the form of his own son – he's everything a father can't stand"". Koepp collaborated with Lawrence Kasdan on the film's ""love dialogue"". The Walt Disney Company has owned the Indiana Jones intellectual property since its acquisition of Lucasfilm, the series' production company, in 2012, when Lucas sold it for $4 billion. Walt Disney Studios owns the distribution and marketing rights to future Indiana Jones films since 2013, with Paramount retaining the distribution rights to the first four films and receiving ""financial participation"" from any additional films. Disney will distribute the fifth film Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny, which will be directed by James Mangold and produced by Spielberg. Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) Main article: Raiders of the Lost Ark The first film is set in 1936. Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford) is hired by government agents to locate the Ark of the Covenant, the gold plated chest containing the stone tablets Moses used to inscribe the Ten Commandments before the Nazi Germans steal it for themselves. The Nazis have teams searching for religious artefacts, including the Ark, which is rumored to make an army that carries the Ark before it invincible. The Nazis are being helped by Indiana's arch-rival and French archaeologist René Belloq (Paul Freeman). With the help of his former lover and tough bar owner Marion Ravenwood (Karen Allen) and his excavator friend Sallah (John Rhys-Davies), Indiana manages to recover the Ark in Egypt. The Nazis steal the Ark and capture Indiana and Marion. Belloq and the Nazis perform a ceremony to open the Ark, but when they do so, all they find inside is sand. Suddenly, spirits come out of the Ark and the Nazis are all killed by the Ark's wrath. Indiana and Marion, who survived by closing their eyes, manage to get the Ark to the United States, where it is stored in a secret government warehouse. Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) Main article: Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom The second film is a prequel set in 1935, a year before Raiders of the Lost Ark. Indiana escapes Chinese gangsters led by Lao Che with the help of singer/actress Willie Scott (Kate Capshaw) and his twelve-year-old sidekick Short Round (Ke Huy Quan). The trio crash-land in India, where they come across a Punjabi village whose children have been kidnapped. The Thuggee cult led by Mola Ram (Amrish Puri) has also taken the holy Sankara Stones, which they will use to take over the world. Indiana manages to overcome Mola Ram's evil power, rescues the children and returns the stones to their rightful place, overcoming his own mercenary nature. The film has been noted as an outlier in the franchise, as it does not feature Indy's university or any antagonistic political entity, and is less focused on archaeology, being presented as a dark movie with gross-out elements, human sacrifice and torture. Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) Main article: Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade The third film is set in 1938. Indiana and his friend Marcus Brody (Denholm Elliott) are assigned by American businessman Walter Donovan (Julian Glover) to find the Holy Grail. They are teamed up with Dr. Elsa Schneider (Alison Doody), following on from where Indiana's estranged father Henry (Sean Connery) left off before he disappeared. It transpires that Donovan and Elsa are in league with the Nazis, who captured Henry Jones in order to get Indiana to help them find the Grail. However, Indiana recovers his father's diary filled with his research, and manages to rescue him before finding the location of the Grail. Both Donovan and Elsa fall to the temptation of the Grail, while Indiana and Henry realize that their relationship with each other is more important than finding the relic. Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008) Main article: Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull The fourth film is set in 1957, nineteen years after The Last Crusade. Indiana is having a quiet life teaching before being thrust into a new adventure. He races against agents of the Soviet Union, led by Irina Spalko (Cate Blanchett) for a crystal skull. His journey takes him across Nevada, Connecticut, Peru, and the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. Indiana is faced with betrayal by one of his best friends, Mac (Ray Winstone), is introduced to a greaser named Mutt Williams (Shia LaBeouf), who turns out to be his son (his real name revealed to be Henry Jones III), and is reunited with, and eventually marries, Marion Ravenwood, who was the lead female character introduced in the first movie. Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny (2023) Main article: Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny A fifth film, set in 1969, is scheduled for release on June 30, 2023. The film is being directed by James Mangold, who wrote the script with Jez and John-Henry Butterworth. Spielberg was initially set to direct the film, before passing it to Mangold. Spielberg instead serves as a producer, along with Kennedy and Marshall. Ford reprises the title role, and new cast members include Phoebe Waller-Bridge, Mads Mikkelsen, Thomas Kretschmann, Boyd Holbrook, Shaunette Renée Wilson, Toby Jones and Antonio Banderas. Development of the film began in 2008, but the project stalled for years. Filming eventually began in the United Kingdom in June 2021 and wrapped in February 2022.","The American media franchise, Indiana Jones, includes five film releases. The first film release, Raiders of the Last Ark included co-stars Paul Freeman, as Rene Bellow, Karen Allen, as Marion Ravenwood, and John Rhys-Davies, as Sallah. The second film release, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom included co-stars Kate Capshaw, as Willie Scott, Ke Huy Quan as Short Round, and Amris Puri, as Mola Ram. The third film release, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade included co-stars Denholm Elliott as Marcus Brody, Julian Glover as Walter Donovan, Alison Doody as Dr. Elsa Schneider, and Sean Connery as Henry Jones. The fourth film release, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull included co-stars Cate Blanchett as Irina Spalko, Ray Winstone as Mac and Shia LaBeouf as Mutt Williams. The fifth and final film release, Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny, is scheduled to be released in June 30, 2023 and currently includes co-stars include Phoebe Waller-Bridge, Mads Mikkelsen, Thomas Kretschmann, Boyd Holbrook, Shaunette Renée Wilson, Toby Jones and Antonio Banderas.",closed_qa What is the largest airline in the world ?,,"The largest airlines in the world can be defined in several ways. As of 2022, Delta Air Lines is the largest by revenue, assets value and market capitalization, China Southern Air Holding by passengers carried, American Airlines Group by revenue passenger mile, fleet size, numbers of employees and destinations served, FedEx Express by freight tonne-kilometers, Ryanair by number of routes, Turkish Airlines by number of countries served.",open_qa "Given a reference text about Hackpad, what company acquired it?","Hackpad was a web-based collaborative real-time text editor forked from Etherpad. It was used as the company wikis by multiple prominent startups of the 2010s, such as Airbnb, Stripe, and Upworthy. In April 2014, Hackpad was acquired by Dropbox. In April 2015, it was announced that Hackpad would be released as open source and source code was published on GitHub in August 2015, under the Apache license 2.0. On April 25, 2017, Hackpad announced that it is to shut down on July 19, 2017, permanently migrating to Dropbox Paper.",Hackpad was acquired by Dropbox in April 2014.,closed_qa "per this reference text about Delaware Route 16, how many times does the road change between being a divided highway and undivided?","In Saint Johnstown, the road becomes a divided highway and DE 36 splits from DE 16 by heading to the northeast on Shawnee Road. DE 16 soon becomes undivided again and continues east through agricultural areas and woods with some residences, crossing Toms Dam Branch and running through the community of Owens. Farther east, the road passes through the community of Oakley and crosses West Branch Gum Branch and then Gum Branch. The route comes to an intersection with US 113 near a few businesses, where it is briefly a divided highway. Past this intersection, the name changes to Milton Ellendale Highway and the two-lane undivided road enters the town of Ellendale, where it becomes Main Street. In Ellendale, DE 16 runs past several homes, crossing the Delmarva Central Railroad's Indian River Subdivision line at-grade. The road leaves the town and becomes Milton Ellendale Highway again, turning southeast. The route heads through woodland and farms, running immediately to the north of the Delmarva Central Railroad's Milton Industrial Track line. DE 16 turns east away from the railroad tracks and comes to an intersection with DE 30. At this point, DE 5 Alternate (DE 5 Alt.), which runs south along DE 30, heads east along with DE 16. The road reaches the town of Milton, where it passes homes and businesses. DE 16 comes to an intersection with DE 5, where DE 5 Alt. ends and the road name changes to Broadkill Road. The route leaves Milton and continues into farmland with a few residences, turning to the northeast. The road intersects DE 1 and passes north of a golf course before it runs through a mix of farms and woods with some homes. DE 16 turns east and northeast through marshland within the Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge before crossing Broadkill Sound and reaching the community of Broadkill Beach. Here, the route intersects Bay Shore Drive before ending at a dead end on the Delaware Bay.",DE Route 16 changes 3 times between divided and undivided highways per the information provided.,closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kpanlogo, Shamisen",,"Shamisen is string, Kpanlogo is percussion.",classification Give me a list of the best food to try in Singapore,,"Laksa Hainanese Chicken Rice Chilli Crab Bak Kut Teh Hokkien Prawn Mee Satay Nasi Padang Kaya Toast Durian",brainstorming What language is spoken on the Aru Islands?,"Batuley (Gwatle lir) is a language spoken on the Aru Islands of eastern Indonesia. It is close to Mariri; Hughes (1987) estimates that around 80% of lexical items are shared. The language's name comes from the Gwatle island (Batuley in Indonesian), which the Batuley consider their homeland (Daigle (2015)).",Batulay is the language spoken on the Aru Islands.,information_extraction "Holidays such as Christmas, Easter and Halloween are associated with themes. Sort the following items into the holiday with which they are most frequently associated: elves, chocolate, presents, pumpkin, rabbit, candy, pilgrim, egg, Santa, Jesus, hot-crossed buns, and reindeer",,"Pumpkin, candy and pilgrims are frequently associated with Halloween. Hot-crossed buns, Egg, chocolate, Rabbit and Jesus and are associated with Easter. Reindeer, elves, Santa and presents are associated with Christmas.",classification Who was Yogi Bear named after?,,He was named after baseball legend Yogi Berra,open_qa What is prize money for Abel Prize ?,,7 million NOK(Norwegian Krone),open_qa "Which of these artists can be considered yacht rock? Hall and Oates, Journey, the Doobie Brothers, Prince, the Artist formerly known as Prince, Foghat, The Grateful Dead, the Little River Band, Christopher Cross, Van Halen, Fleetwood Mac, Kenny Loggins, Twisted Sister, Toto.",,"The following artists can be considered yacht rock: Hall and Oates, the Doobie Brothers, Foghat, The Little River Band, Christopher Cross, Kenny Loggins, Toto.",classification What are some of the best outdoor experiences in Italy?,,"There are a range of outdoor experiences one may try in Italy. Popular hiking trails exit in The Dolomites, the Gran Paradiso in Piedmont and the Stelvio in Trentino. Other options include the Pollino parks in Calabria, the Piano Grande in Umbria and the coastal tracks in Cinque Terre, the Amalfi Coast, Sicily and Sardinia. For cycling, the Po Delta and Bolzano offer good networks, as do the wine regions of Franciacorta, Barolo, Barberesco and Chianti. For urban options, you could try Rome's Via Appia Antica, Ferrara, Lucca, Bologna and Lecce. There are also good options for skiing, such as Sella Nevea, Courmayeur, Cortina d'Ampezzo, the Valle d'Aosta and Sella Ronda. The best diving spots can be found in the Cinque Terre, the Gargano Promontory, Elba, the Sorrento Peninsula, the Aeolian Islands, Ustica and Sardinia.",open_qa How many episodes in season one of Game of Thrones did Tim Van Patten direct?,,Tim Van Patten directed the first two episodes of the first season of Game of Thrones: Winter is Coming and The Kingsroad.,open_qa What are the titles of the songs on Side B for this album?,"Side A 1. ""H2O Gate Blues"" – 7:58 (about the Watergate break-in and cover-up) (from Winter in America) 2. ""We Beg Your Pardon (Pardon our Analysis)"" – 7:52 (about the pardon of Richard Nixon) (from The First Minute of a New Day) 3. ""The New Deal"" – 3:10 Side B 4. ""Jose Campos Torres"" – 2:36 (about Jose Campos Torres, a U.S. Army veteran who was arrested and then murdered and tossed into a bayou by two police officers in Houston in 1978, spurring the Moody Park Riot) 5. ""The Ghetto Code (Dot Dot Dit Dit Dot Dot Dash)"" – 12:57 6. ""Bicentennial Blues"" – 8:39 (from It's Your World)","""Jose Campos Torres"" ""The Ghetto Code (Dot Dot Dit Dit Dot Dot Dash)"" ""Bicentennial Blues""",information_extraction What is a protractor?,,A protractor is a mathematical instrument/device that can be used to help calculate the angle,open_qa Which is a bird or fish: Red snapper or Red kite,,"Red kit is a bird, Red snapper is a fish",classification What are the ten tallest buildings in the world?,,"The ten tallest buildings in the world, including location, height and year constructed are: 1. Burj Khalifa, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 828 metres, 2010 2. Merdeka 118, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 678.9 metres, 2023 3. Shanghai Tower, Shanghai, China, 632 metres, 2015 4. Abraj Al-Bait, Clock Tower, Mecca, Saudi Arabia, 601 metres, 2012 5. Ping An International Finance Centre, Shenzhen, China, 599.1 metres, 2017 6. Lotte World Tower, Seoul, South Korea, 554.5 metres, 2017 7. One World Trade Center, New York City, USA, 541.3 metres, 2014 8=. Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre, Guangzhou, China, 530 metres, 2016 8=. Tianjin CTF Finance Centre, Tianjin, China, 530 metres, 2019 10. China Zun, Beijing, China, 527.7 metres, 2018",brainstorming "Classify each of the following as either a US state or a country in the world: Illinois, Arizona, Iran, Washington, India, Bulgaria, Taiwan, New Mexico, Brazil",,"The US states are: Illinois, Arizona, Washington, New Mexico Countries of the world are: Iran, India, Bulgaria, Brazil",classification "I'm planning a month-long trip and am wondering which of these items are okay to be kept in a carry-on bag. Could you help classify these items as ""allowed"" or ""not allowed"" by the TSA? Toothbrush, Cologne, Beard Shaver, Alcohol, and Bottle Opener.",,"Here is what's allowed and what's not allowed in your carry-on luggage: - Allowed: Toothbrush, Cologne (3.4 Ounces), Beard Shaver - Not allowed: Alcohol, Bottle Opener",classification "Tell me whether these are shoes or clothing brands: Nike, Tommy Hilfiger, Adidas, Levi's, Reebok, Puma, Wrangler.",,"Nike is a shoe brand. Tommy Hilfiger is a clothing brand. Adidas is a shoe brand, Levi's is a clothing brand. Reebok is a shoe brand. Puma is a shoe brand. Wrangler is a clothing brand.",classification What are the top 7 national parks in the United States?,,"Top national parks in the US are as follows: - Yosemite National Park - Grand Canyon National Park - Yellowstone National Park - Glacier National Park - Zion National Park - Grand Teton National Park - Bryce Canyon National Park",brainstorming What are the top five brands of guitars?,,"Fender Gibson Martin Gretsch Taylor",brainstorming Where are good locations to scuba dive?,,"Belize, Hondurus, US Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands, Antartica, Cozumel, Hawaii, Galapagos Islands, Philippines",brainstorming How do you change a bicycle tire?,,"Start by taking off the wheel. For this, open the quick release for the brakes or detach the brake cable. Then, unscrew the axle to take off the wheel. Following, you have to deflate the tire and be able to pull out the tube from underneath the tire. Pry the tire off the rim with tire levers. Once the tire comes off, you can replace the tube and work it back underneath the tire. Remember only to inflate the tube completely once both tube and tire are fitted on the rim. To mount the wheel again, follow the above-described steps in reverse order.",open_qa "Based on this paragraph, how many times was Barros traded during his professional basketball career?","The 5' 11"" (1.80 m), 165 lb (75 kg) point guard, began his professional career in 1989 when he was selected in the first round of the NBA draft by the Seattle SuperSonics with the 16th pick. Most of his time spent in Seattle was as a backup to point guard Gary Payton, who was considered to be a much more competent ball handler and defender, as Barros was deemed more usable at shooting guard. Prior to the 1993–94 season, the Sonics traded Barros to the Charlotte Hornets in exchange for Kendall Gill. Two days later, Charlotte traded Barros, Sidney Green, and their 1993 draft choice, Greg Graham, to the Philadelphia 76ers for Hersey Hawkins. Barros became a free agent at the end of the 1994-95 NBA season. He signed with his hometown Boston Celtics, and remained for five seasons as a role player alongside David Wesley and Dee Brown and mentor to younger players such as Antoine Walker and Paul Pierce. In the offseason of 2000, Barros was traded to the Dallas Mavericks as part of a four-team deal that also involved the Utah Jazz and Golden State Warriors. By the time the 2000–01 season had commenced, the Mavs had traded Barros to the Detroit Pistons, where he played 89 games over two seasons, averaging 7.5 points per game, until waiving him in 2002.","Based on this paragraph, Barros was traded four times while in the NBA (from Seattle to Charlotte; from Charlotte to Philadelphia; from Boston to Dallas; from Dallas to Detroit).",closed_qa "Tell me whether these are metal bands or pop bands: Metallica, Iron Maiden, The Beatles, Coldplay, Slipknot, Slayer, One Direction, ABBA, The Beach Boys, Megadeth, Dream Theater, Machine Head, Queen, The Who, Bee Gees, Lamb Of God, BTS, Anthrax, System of a Down",,"All of them are great bands! Let me help you understand which of those are metal bands and which are pop bands. Metal bands: - Metallica - Iron Maiden - Slipknot - Slayer - Megadeth - Dream Theater - Machine Head - Lamb Of God - Anthrax - System of a Down Pop bands: - The Beatles - Coldplay - One Direction - ABBA - The Beach Boys - Queen - The Who - Bee Gees - BTS",classification "Based on this article, what is a potential weakness of traditional military camouflage?","Multi-spectral camouflage is the use of counter-surveillance techniques to conceal objects from detection across several parts of the electromagnetic spectrum at the same time. While traditional military camouflage attempts to hide an object in the visible spectrum, multi-spectral camouflage also tries to simultaneously hide objects from detection methods such as infrared, radar, and millimetre-wave radar imaging.","Traditional military camouflage only protects against tools which use the visual spectrum to detect objects, and so if a tool is based on infrared or radar the traditional camouflage doesn't offer any protection.",closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Taxi horn, Sihu",,"Sihu is string, Taxi horn is percussion.",classification What are the common personality traits of cats?,,"Cats are all individuals, they each may have different personality traits. Some common personality traits that humans typically ascribe to cats include loving, standoffish, active, aloof, playful, and compassionate.",open_qa Can you generate a 2 lines abstract of this text?,"In physics, gravity (from Latin gravitas 'weight') is a fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between all things with mass or energy. Gravity is, by far, the weakest of the four fundamental interactions, approximately 1038 times weaker than the strong interaction, 1036 times weaker than the electromagnetic force and 1029 times weaker than the weak interaction. As a result, it has no significant influence at the level of subatomic particles. However, gravity is the most significant interaction between objects at the macroscopic scale, and it determines the motion of planets, stars, galaxies, and even light. On Earth, gravity gives weight to physical objects, and the Moon's gravity is responsible for sublunar tides in the oceans (the corresponding antipodal tide is caused by the inertia of the Earth and Moon orbiting one another). Gravity also has many important biological functions, helping to guide the growth of plants through the process of gravitropism and influencing the circulation of fluids in multicellular organisms. Investigation into the effects of weightlessness has shown that gravity may play a role in immune system function and cell differentiation within the human body. The gravitational attraction between the original gaseous matter in the universe allowed it to coalesce and form stars which eventually condensed into galaxies, so gravity is responsible for many of the large-scale structures in the universe. Gravity has an infinite range, although its effects become weaker as objects get farther away. Gravity is most accurately described by the general theory of relativity (proposed by Albert Einstein in 1915), which describes gravity not as a force, but as the curvature of spacetime, caused by the uneven distribution of mass, and causing masses to move along geodesic lines. The most extreme example of this curvature of spacetime is a black hole, from which nothing—not even light—can escape once past the black hole's event horizon However, for most applications, gravity is well approximated by Newton's law of universal gravitation, which describes gravity as a force causing any two bodies to be attracted toward each other, with magnitude proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.","In general physics theory (Newton), Gravity is a mutual attraction between objects based on their respective masses and the square of the distance which separates them. In the relativity theory (Einstein), it's a curvature of the spacetime generated by the objects themselves.",summarization Give me a list of 5 famous archeological sites to visit in Mexico.,,"- Chichen Itza - Teotihuacan - Templo Mayor - Palenque - Tulum",brainstorming "Which is an imperial or a metric measurement: ounce, gram",,"gram is metric, ounce is imperial",classification "Classify each of the following as either a Carnivore or a Herbivore: Cow, Shark, Zebra, Lion, Wolf, Elephant, Tiger, Deer, Leopard, Cheetah",,"Herbivore:Cow,Zebra,Elephant,Deer Carnivores:Lion,Wolf,Leopard,Cheetah,Tiger,Shark",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Wood block, Akkordolia",,"Akkordolia is string, Wood block is percussion.",classification Write a conversation between two long-time friends who run into one another five years after they initially drifted apart.,,"“Georgia, is that you?” “Neha? My god, it has been ages! How are you.” “I’m doing well, I just got back from Aspen. It was such a delight to be able to enjoy that, Roger’s parents were watching Jon, so it was nice to have some time to myself and catch up with some close friends. How are you?” “I’m good, it’s been a really fun winter, our family from Canada was visiting and we did all the Holiday things, Gingerbread houses, Christmas tree decorating, cookies the whole shebang! Roger’s family is really into Christmas too, right Neha? Did you guys celebrate in Aspen?” “Actually, Roger and I separated recently” Neha bites her lip as though to stop herself from crying. “Jon spent Christmas with Roger and his family this year. I went to Aspen with my parents and sister.” Georgia looks aghast. “I’m so sorry, I thought if anyone would’ve made it, it would have been the two of you. Why didn’t you call?” Neha looks up and thinks carefully about how to word it so she doesn’t come across as cross, although she is, she is very cross indeed. “You and I haven’t talked in ages, you weren’t exactly at the top of my list, you know? And the whole split happened while I was swamped at work, actually, you know, work was why we split up, and it’s just not been my way to reach out and reconnect.” Neha finishes and pauses. Georgia looks hurt, but she understands. “That’s fair, I haven’t done a good job of keeping up. What do you mean you split up because of work?” “I took a job, in a city he hated, and he didn’t want to uproot his life, and I didn’t want to miss out on this. I’m hopeful I’ll move back in a few years and things will go back to normal, but it’s a gamble.” Georgia nods “Neha, I have to catch the next train, but please call, let’s get a glass of wine soon and really talk. And it’s his fault for hating New York.” Neha smiles. She has a good feeling about this.",creative_writing Give me 5 ways to use a ripe avocado,,"1. Avocado toast (if you’re feeling adventurous, add garlic oil and pepper and use sourdough bread) 2. Guacamole (possible additives include: garlic, salt, red onions, tomatoes and lime juice) 3. Diced on your favorite taco 4. Blended in a smoothie (you can also freeze avocado cubes and add to smoothies later) 5. Cubed or sliced with a little salt and pepper on a pretzel cracker",brainstorming "Given this paragraph about the tour de france, has the race ever not ran","The race was first organized in 1903 to increase sales for the newspaper L'Auto and is currently run by the Amaury Sport Organisation. The race has been held annually since its first edition in 1903 except when it was stopped for the two World Wars. As the Tour gained prominence and popularity, the race was lengthened and its reach began to extend around the globe. Participation expanded from a primarily French field as more riders from all over the world began to participate in the race each year. The Tour is a UCI World Tour event, which means that the teams that compete in the race are mostly UCI WorldTeams, with the exception of the teams that the organizers invite. It has become ""the world's biggest annual sporting event.""","The tour de france has ran since 1903, with the only noted cancellations happening for the two world wars",closed_qa What should I do if water is dripping from the ceiling inside my house?,,"The first task is to figure out if the leak is coming from inside of your pipes or from external moisture like rain. If the leak only happens when it is raining, then shut off the main water supply and see if the leak still happens. If yes, then it is likely from rain. If it has been sunny and dry for a week and you are still getting the leak, shut the water off and see if the leak stops. If it does, then that is likely from an internal leak. If it is in fact an internal leak, then call a reputable local plumber to have them test your pipes for pressure loss. If it is an external leak, then wait for sunny weather. After about a week of dry sunny weather, get a garden hose and pick a feature of your roof or external walls and spray that feature (vent pipe, window, roof juncture, etc) with a direct stream of high volume and low velocity water from the garden hose. Wait for a few hours, and see if the leak appears. After four hours, if no leak has appeared, then move on to the next feature. If hosing down a specific feature does in fact cause dripping within that four hour window, then either call a roof repair company or go to your local hardware store and talk to an expert about ways to seal cracks or gaps in siding or roofing material.",open_qa Give me a list of certain insurances that I should take when moving to Germany.,,"1. Health Insurance (Krankenversicherung): It is mandatory to register to in Germany. Many people prefer Public but you can also enroll for private insurance. 2. Private Liability Insurance (Haftpflichtversicherung): For accidental damage coverages. Although optional but highly recommended by residents. 3. Legal Protection Insurance (Rechtsschutzversicherung): This is totally optional but might come handy to deal and send notices for legal or public disorder cases e.g. problems with landlord, etc. 4. Household Insurance (Hausratversicherung): This is another good to have insurance to cover the damages related to house specially for rented homes.",brainstorming "classify the following as living vs non-living: plants, pants, bees, beer, mug, goat, pen, night lamp, cow, pig, phone, dog, leaf, candle, mosquito",,"living: plants, bees, goat, cow, dog, mosquito, leaf non-living: pants, beer, mug, pen, night lamp, phone, candle",classification Write a short story with a moral - slow and steady wins the race,,"One day a hare and a tortoise decided to race. The race began, and the hare ran very fast. The tortoise moved slowly and steadily. After a while the hare stopped and looked back, the tortoise was far behind. So the hare decided to rest for some time, and soon it fell asleep. But the tortoise kept moving steadily. By the time the hare woke up, the tortoise had already reached the winning post. So the moral of the story is slow and steady wins the race.",creative_writing Which Game of Thrones episode does Arya go blind?,,"Arya goes temporarily blind in the last episode of season 5, entitled ""Mother's Mercy""",open_qa What are the biggest marathons?,,"There are hundreds of marathons around the globe every year. Only 6 marathons are designated as the major marathons. Those include the Tokyo Marathon, Boston Marathon, London Marathon, Berlin Marathon, Chicago Marathon and New York City Marathon.",open_qa What re the differences between recruiters and sourcers at a company?,,"In typical companies, sourcers are responsible for the upfront outreach of new, passive candidates. Sourcers leverage a variety of tools including LinkedIn, blogs, GitHub, etc. to find potential candidates and then try to contact them directly. It is the sourcers responsibility to identify as many viable candidates as possible for a role. A recruiter is responsible for managing the entire recruiting process once a candidate is identified. Recruiters will help schedule interviews, help the candidate prepare for interviews, and ultimately manage the offer process for the candidate. Recruiters are also responsible for managing the relationship with the hiring manager for a role. They are the point of contact for the entire recruiting process and are responsible for ultimately filling the role.",open_qa Who is the most sensational player in MLB today?,,Shohei Ohtani,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Dhol, Torban",,"Torban is string, Dhol is percussion.",classification "Classify each item as being related to ""golf"" or ""football"": Iron, driver, quarterback, lineman, putter, tee, linebacker",,"Iron: Golf Driver: Golf Quarterback: Football Lineman: Football Putter: Golf Tee: Golf Linebacker: Football",classification "List the principles that are used in chemical engineering where each new line starts with ""- "". Do not say anything else.","Chemical engineering is an engineering field which deals with the study of operation and design of chemical plants as well as methods of improving production. Chemical engineers develop economical commercial processes to convert raw materials into useful products. Chemical engineering uses principles of chemistry, physics, mathematics, biology, and economics to efficiently use, produce, design, transport and transform energy and materials. The work of chemical engineers can range from the utilization of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the laboratory to large-scale industrial processes that convert chemicals, raw materials, living cells, microorganisms, and energy into useful forms and products. Chemical engineers are involved in many aspects of plant design and operation, including safety and hazard assessments, process design and analysis, modeling, control engineering, chemical reaction engineering, nuclear engineering, biological engineering, construction specification, and operating instructions.","- chemistry - physics - mathematics - biology - economics",information_extraction How many syllables are in the word reverberate?,,The word reverberate has 4 syllables: re-ver-ber-ate,open_qa "Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Ford, Brabus",,"Brabus is German, Ford is American",classification "Based on the paragraph below, which are the most and least popular National Parks in the US?","The United States has 63 national parks, which are congressionally designated protected areas operated by the National Park Service, an agency of the Department of the Interior. National parks are designated for their natural beauty, unique geological features, diverse ecosystems, and recreational opportunities, typically ""because of some outstanding scenic feature or natural phenomena."" While legislatively all units of the National Park System are considered equal with the same mission, national parks are generally larger and more of a destination, and hunting and extractive activities are prohibited. National monuments, on the other hand, are also frequently protected for their historical or archaeological significance. Eight national parks (including six in Alaska) are paired with a national preserve, areas with different levels of protection that are administered together but considered separate units and whose areas are not included in the figures below. The 424 units of the National Park System can be broadly referred to as national parks, but most have other formal designations. Thirty states have national parks, as do the territories of American Samoa and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The state with the most national parks is California with nine, followed by Alaska with eight, Utah with five, and Colorado with four. The largest national park is Wrangell–St. Elias in Alaska: at over 8 million acres (32,375 km2), it is larger than each of the nine smallest states. The next three largest parks are also in Alaska. The smallest park is Gateway Arch National Park, Missouri, at 91 acres (0.37 km2). The total area protected by national parks is approximately 52.2 million acres (211,000 km2), for an average of 829 thousand acres (3,350 km2) but a median of only 208 thousand acres (840 km2). The national parks set a visitation record in 2017, with more than 84 million visitors and set a further record in 2018 with a 0.1% increase. Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina and Tennessee has been the most-visited park since 1944, and had over 14 million visitors in 2021. In contrast, only about 7,000 people visited the remote Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve in Alaska in 2021.",If we use number of visitors as a proxy for popularity then The Great Smoky Mountains National Park with over 14 million visitors in 2021 would rank as the most popular National Park. The least visited National Park is the Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve. Its lower visitation rate may have more to do with its remoteness than the Park's popularity.,closed_qa Give me a summary of how to determine if a number is prime or not.,"A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways of writing it as a product, 1 × 5 or 5 × 1, involve 5 itself. However, 4 is composite because it is a product (2 × 2) in which both numbers are smaller than 4. Primes are central in number theory because of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic: every natural number greater than 1 is either a prime itself or can be factorized as a product of primes that is unique up to their order.","A prime number is a number greater than one that cannot be the product of two smaller numbers besides 1 and itself (e.g., the number 5 is prime because the only product of two smaller numbers is 5 and 1).",summarization What is a cat?,,"A cat is a cute, cuddly animal with whiskers, pointed ears, four legs and paws, and a tail. Cats are companion animals to humans. Cats can come in many different varieties, such as hairless, short-haired, medium-haired, and very fluffy; they also come in many colors, such as black, white, grey, brown, orange, and a combination of multiple colors.",open_qa What are the best vegetables for new gardeners to try growing?,,"Vegetables that have easy germination requirements and are low maintenance are the best for new gardeners to try to grow. Easy germination requirements include low to average soil temperature, low to average sun requirements, and faster germination timelines. Beans, peas, pumpkins, and squash are all some of the easiest vegetables to germinate from seeds. Low maintenance vegetables, once sprouted, require little care, including minimal weeding, pest control, and watering requirements. Carrots, radishes, and onions are great examples of low care vegetables to grow.",brainstorming What bosses are there and what is their loot in Chapter four season 2 in Fortnite,,"In the game “Fortnite” there are currently two NPC bosses. One in the location Mega City, the other in the Landmark, Shattered Slabs. In Mega City, the NPC boss “Highcard Havoc” has loot of the gun Havoc Suppressed Assault Rifle, the rarity is Mythical. The NPC boss also has loot of a Vault Keycard item, which can unlock a small domain called a vault. The NPC boss also has two NPC guards that are neutral: They only attack if fired upon. The NPC guard has a 100% chance of having loot of a Rare Twin Mag SMG, and a 20 small ammo. In the Landmark Shattered Slabs. The process is the exact same, but the vault is in a different location. One vault keycard cannot open both of the vaults. This boss spawns after two minutes in the game, which is one full storm circle.",creative_writing "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cuica, Kokles",,"Kokles is string, Cuica is percussion.",classification "How much more did the house cost than originally planned? Express as an absolute or nominal difference, not as a percentage.","On March 14, 1909, the Sacramento Union reported that Robert E. Cranston was about to begin work on a $10,000 residence and garage that had been designed by the architectural firm of Sellon & Hemmings. The building permit was issued to Cranston two months later (May 20, 1909).16 It indicated that the two-story frame dwelling and its garage were expected to cost $11,000, an increase over the price estimated in March. Three years later, when it was sold to the Geary family, the house was reported by a Sacramento Bee journalist to have cost more than $25,000 to build.","$15,000 more than originally planned. The house cost $25,000 but was originally quoted at $10,000. $25,000 - $10,000 = $15,000",closed_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Arctodus, Cross River Gorilla",,"Cross River Gorilla is alive, Arctodus is extinct",classification Provide a bulleted list of the results of the 1968 United States elections.,"The 1968 United States elections were held on November 5, and elected members of the 91st United States Congress. The election took place during the Vietnam War, in the same year as the Tet Offensive, the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, and the protests of 1968. The Republican Party won control of the presidency, and picked up seats in the House and Senate, although the Democratic Party retained control of Congress. In the presidential election, Republican former Vice President Richard Nixon defeated Democratic incumbent Vice President Hubert Humphrey. Nixon won the popular vote by less than one point, but took most states outside the Northeast, and comfortably won the electoral vote. Former Alabama Governor George Wallace, of the American Independent Party, took 13.5% of the popular vote, and won the electoral votes of the Deep South. After incumbent Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson declined to seek re-election, Humphrey won the Democratic nomination over Minnesota Senator Eugene McCarthy and South Dakota Senator George McGovern at the tumultuous 1968 Democratic National Convention. Nixon won the Republican nomination over New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller and California Governor Ronald Reagan. As of 2022, Wallace is the most recent third-party candidate to win a state's entire share of electoral votes. Nixon became the first former (non-sitting) vice president to win a presidential election; he was the only person to achieve that until former Vice President Joe Biden won the 2020 Presidential election. The Republican Party won a net gain of five seats in both the House and the Senate. However, the Democratic Party retained strong majorities in both houses of Congress. In the gubernatorial elections, the Republican Party picked up a net gain of five governorships. This was the second consecutive election where the winning presidential party had coattails in both houses of Congress and the first for Republicans since 1952. This was the first of two times since 1889 that a newly elected President's party failed to control either house of Congress.","The following were the results of the 1968 United States elections: - Richard Nixon defeated Hubert Humphrey in the presidential election - The Republican party gained five seats in both the House and Senate - The Democratic Party maintained majority in both the House and Senate",summarization What is the best movie of all time,,Shawshank Redemption,brainstorming What is the birthday problem?,,"The Birthday Problem is a probability problem with results that many find counterintuitive. The problem is formulated as ""how many people must you consider such that the probability of at least two people sharing a birthday is at least 50%?"". The answer, which many find surprising and counterintuitive, is 23. The answer is lower than most people expect and it is due to the number of pairwise permutations that exists for 23 people.",open_qa "Classify each of the following as either a planet, a star, or a galaxy: Mercury, Venus, Polaris, Earth, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Milky Way, Andromeda, Saturn, Virgo A, Maffei 1, Uranus, Neptune, Sirius, Vega.",,"Stars: Sun, Polaris, Sirius, Vega Planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Galaxies: Milky Way, Andromeda, Virgo A, Maffei 1",classification "here is some information about Ross McLean, how many years was Ross president of the Leavue of help for sick and elderly?",He was a member of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Board of Directors for five years from 1999. He was chair of the National Childcare Accreditation Council for four years from 1996 to 1999. He was president of the Association for the Blind of WA from 1995 to 1999. He was president of the League of Help for the Sick and Elderly of WA from 1995 to 1997. In December 2001 he resigned as chairman of the Fremantle Football Club in the wake of revelations that the club had exceeded the salary cap for the 2001 season. He was a member of the Board of the Western Australian Cricket Association from 2004 to 2012.,"2 years, between 1995 to 1997.",closed_qa "Which of these are characters in Ted Lasso: Rebecca Welton, Olivia Benson, Jamie Tartt",,Rebecca Welton and Jamie Tartt are both characters in the TV show Ted Lasso. Olivia Benson is the main character on the TV Show Law & Order: SVU.,classification what traditional process does Cyber PHA follow given this information?,"The Cyber PHA methodology reconciles the process safety and cybersecurity approaches and allows IT, Operations and Engineering to collaborate in way that is already familiar to facility operations management and personnel. Modeled on the process safety PHA/HAZOP methodology, a cyber PHA enables cyber risks to be identified and analyzed in the same manner as any other process risk, and, because it can be conducted as a separate follow-on activity to a traditional HAZOP it can be used in both existing brownfield sites and newly constructed greenfield sites without unduly meddling with well established process safety processes.",HAZOP,closed_qa Extract the unique names of composers from the text. Separate them with a comma and a space.,"To some extent, European and the US traditions diverged after World War II. Among the most influential composers in Europe were Pierre Boulez, Luigi Nono, and Karlheinz Stockhausen. The first and last were both pupils of Olivier Messiaen. An important aesthetic philosophy as well as a group of compositional techniques at this time was serialism (also called ""through-ordered music"", ""'total' music"" or ""total tone ordering""), which took as its starting point the compositions of Arnold Schoenberg and Anton Webern (but was opposed to traditional twelve-tone music), and was also closely related to Le Corbusier's idea of the modulor. However, some more traditionally based composers such as Dmitri Shostakovich and Benjamin Britten maintained a tonal style of composition despite the prominent serialist movement. In America, composers like Milton Babbitt, John Cage, Elliott Carter, Henry Cowell, Philip Glass, Steve Reich, George Rochberg, and Roger Sessions, formed their own ideas. Some of these composers (Cage, Cowell, Glass, Reich) represented a new methodology of experimental music, which began to question fundamental notions of music such as notation, performance, duration, and repetition, while others (Babbitt, Rochberg, Sessions) fashioned their own extensions of the twelve-tone serialism of Schoenberg.","Pierre Boulez, Luigi Nono, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Olivier Messiaen, Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Le Corbusier, Dmitri Shostakovich, Benjamin Britten, Milton Babbitt, John Cage, Elliott Carter, Henry Cowell, Philip Glass, Steve Reich, George Rochberg, Roger Sessions",information_extraction "Write a short story about how a man named Larry Joe proposed to his girlfriend, known as The President. The proposal should take place in an unusual manner, among friends.",,"Larry Joe had made a plan; a plan to propose to his girlfriend. She was known as The President among his friends due to having the same unusual name as a former president. The President knew Larry Joe was going to propose: they had shopped for rings together and she had even reserved a venue. In order to make his proposal a surprise, Larry Joe was going to have to do things a little out-of-the-ordinary. His plan was to have a party with all of their friends, swimming in the lake behind his house. Having such a casual party helped reduce any suspicion that The President might have, plus Larry Joe had thrown such parties before. In order to make things special, he bought a dozen bottles of champagne and food for after the proposal. And to make things memorable, he would shout his proposal while flying over the lake on the rope swing! His plan was coming together. The day of the party had arrived and the guests started showing up. The President was wearing her bikini and swam to the floating dock. Larry Joe took his friend Smoochy aside and whispered something in his ear. Everyone was having a good time, enjoying the warm water and cold beverages. But suddenly a low rumble of thunder rolled in from a distance. Larry Joe decided he better make his proposal now. He climbed up on the platform with the rope and yelled, ""it's time for the presidential address!"" This was the code that sent Smoochy running up to the house to retrieve the ring, which had been hidden in the computer desk inside. Larry Joe then leapt off the platform and swung out over the water. He yelled, ""President, will you marry me?"", then dove into the water. At this point, all but the select few friends who knew of the upcoming proposal were caught off guard, most especially The President. Larry Joe then swam over to the dock where The President was laying in the sun, and she said, ""is this really happening?"" Larry Joe replied, ""yes!"" He then climbed out of the water as Smoochy came back down the stairs with the ring box in hand. Larry Joe took The President by the hand over to the trees and knelt down in the traditional manner and once more repeated his proposal: ""President, will you marry me?"", then he handed her the ring box. Now you must understand that this ring box was quite unique. It had been hand-made by Larry Joe out of wood, in the shape of a rhombic dodecahedron. In fact, the box was actually a puzzle box, and required a special, awkward three-fingered grip to open. And the two halves fit so well together that you couldn't even see the seam. The President looked the beautiful box over trying to find a way to open it without luck. She handed the box back to him saying, ""I don't know how to open it!"" Larry Joe then twirled it around, found the seam, and carefully slid the two halves open. He removed the ring and placed it on The President's finger. And finally, she tearfully said ""YES!"" and kissed him. The party then moved up to the house and the champagne flowed. The President excitedly called her parents and more friends to come and join the celebration. She beamed with joy, showing off her ring to everyone. Larry Joe likewise had a grin from ear to ear: his crazy plan, a perfect reflection of his personality, had come off without a hitch and he was now engaged to his best friend.",creative_writing "Classify each as either an amphibian, bird, or fish: salmon, trout, salamander, cardinal, owl, falcon, frog",,"Salmon: Fish Trout: Fish Salamander: Amphibian Cardinal: Bird Owl: Bird Falcon: Bird Frog: Amphibian",classification "From the passage provided, extract the number of casualties by nation during World War II","According to Russian government figures, USSR losses within postwar borders now stand at 26.6 million, including 8 to 9 million due to famine and disease. In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated Poland's dead at between 5.6 and 5.8 million. Historian Rüdiger Overmans of the Military History Research Office (Germany) published a study in 2000 that estimated the German military dead and missing at 5.3 million, including 900,000 men conscripted from outside of Germany's 1937 borders, in Austria, and in east-central Europe. The Red Army claimed responsibility for the majority of Wehrmacht casualties during World War II. The People's Republic of China puts its war dead at 20 million, while the Japanese government puts its casualties due to the war at 3.1 million.","USSR - 26.6 million Poland - 5.8 million Germany - 5.3 million China - 20 million Japan - 3.1 million",information_extraction Give me a list of words that are associated with Easter.,,"Words associated with Easter may include chocolate, rabbits, eggs, basket, Spring and and rebirth.",brainstorming How to prevent the extinction of the human species?,,"Humans are vulnerable to many different cataclysmic events. One way is to migrate and reside in other planets, solar systems and even galaxies. Earth is a single point of failure. Another consideration is to merge with AI and exist in virtual reality as a non-biological species. Preserving human genetic material in doomsday vaults, so that humans can be revived/resurrected in the future.",creative_writing "List the ten episode titles from the sixth season of ""Game of Thrones"" in broadcast order.",,"The Red Woman, Home, Oathbreaker, Book of the Stranger, The Door, Blood of My Blood, The Broken Man, No One, Battle of the Bastards, The Winds of Winter",open_qa "Classify each of the following as flexible or inflexible: gymnast, yoga instructor, steel, rubber, leather, wood",,"Gymnast: Flexible Yoga Instructor: Flexible Steel: Inflexible Rubber: Flexible Leather: Flexible Wood: Inflexible",classification Which are the fastest animals on earth?,,"There are different ways to categorize which are the fastest animals on earth. The fastest animal in the entire animal kingdom is the peregrine falcon, reaching speeds of up to 389 km/h (242mph) in vertical flight when diving to hunt. The fastest land animal in the world is the cheetah, being able to run at speeds of up to 120.7 km/h (75mph). The fastest swimming animal in the world is the swordfish, reaching speeds of up to 98.27 km/h (60). In comparison, the current human speed record is 44.72 km/h (278mph) and was set by Usain Bolt.",open_qa Who was the original lead singer of the band Linkin Park?,,Chester Bennington was one of the original lead singers of Linkin Park.,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Talempong, Guitar",,"Guitar is string, Talempong is percussion.",classification When was bowling believed to have been invented?,,"Evidence points to ancient Egypt being the origination of bowling, suggesting as far back as 5200 BCE.",open_qa What are the three main states of matter and how does it transition between them?,,"The three main states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. Matter consumes energy as it changes state from solid to liquid and liquid to gas. When matter changes from gas to liquid or liquid to solid, it releases energy. Temperature and pressure changes are the key influencers of these state changes.",open_qa Please provide a brief history of coffee,,"The history of coffee dates back to centuries of old oral tradition in modern day Ethiopia. However, neither where coffee was first cultivated nor direct evidence of its consumption prior to the 15th century have been found. Sufi monasteries in Yemen employed coffee as an aid to concentration during prayers. Coffee later spread to the Levant and Persia in the early 16th century; it caused some controversy on whether it was halal in Ottoman and Mamluk society. Coffee arrived in Italy the second half of the 16th century through commercial Mediterranean trade routes, while Central and Eastern Europeans learnt of coffee from the Ottomans. By the mid 17th century, it had reached India and the East Indies. Coffee houses would establish themselves in Western Europe by the late 17th century, especially in England and Germany. One of the earliest cultivations of coffee in the New World was when Gabriel de Clieu brought coffee seedlings to Martinique in 1720. These beans later sprouted 18,680 coffee trees which enabled its spread to other Caribbean islands like Saint-Domingue and also to Mexico. By 1788, Saint-Domingue supplied half the world's coffee. By 1852, globally, Brazil became the largest producer of coffee and has held that status ever since. The period since 1950 saw the widening of the playing field due to the emergence of several other major producers, notably Colombia, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, and Vietnam; the latter overtook Colombia and became the second-largest producer in 1999. Modern production techniques along with the mass productization of coffee has made it a household item today.",open_qa How do you reverse sear a steak on the Big Green Egg?,,"How to reverse Sear? The reverse sear is one of the most popular ways to grill a steak on the Big Green Egg, and my personal favorite. The key to the Reverse Sear is to start low and slow. It is much easier to raise the temp on the BGE than lower the temp. Ideally, the dome temp for a reverse sear is 250. However, I've had good success with the temp as low as 225 and as high as 300. Fill your BGE up with your favorite lump charcoal up to the fire ring , light the fire and let it burn for about 9 minutes. Stir the coals so that the lit coals mix with unlit coals for an even cook.I prefer to cook my steak without adding wood chips as I don't want to overpower the meat...but if I were going to add chips I prefer post oak. Put the plate setter in with the legs up. Close the top and open the bottom vent and top vent with the opening about the size of a quarter. With the plate setter in, give it about 30 minutes to heat up the plate setter and stabilize at 250. Now that the Egg is stabilized at 250, time to add your steaks. You can pretty much reverse sear almost any cut but I prefer a ribeye, strip, or filet. The quintessential reverse sear cut is the bone-in ribeye, aka the cowboy or Tomahawk. The reverse sear works best with thick cuts. I would say the minimum thickness for a reverse sear is about 1 and a half inch, but the thicker the better. I look for the thickest cut possible for best results. I personally prefer to season my steaks with salt and pepper. My theory is that if you just spent $50 on a prime steak, then no need to overpower the meat with fancy seasoning. I want like the steaks to speak for themselves. The key to this stage is a good leave in thermometer. You want to roast the steaks until internal temp hits 113 degrees. No more no less. When the internal temp hits 113, remove your steak to a cutting board and tent with foil. At this point you should have pulled the steak with an internal temp of 113, and it should be resting on a tented cutting board. Final step of the reverse sear is the sear. Open up the top and remove the plate setter and grates.Open the bottom vent all the way and let the oxygen in to stoke the fire. I will give the coals another stir and about 5 minutes with the top open to gas up the fire. I then replace the grate, close the top and open all vents. The dome temp should climb rapidly. For a good sear you want it at least 450, with the ideal dome temp about 500-550. At this point you need to make a choice. You can either sear directly over the coals, or you can use a cast iron skillet with a butter bath. if you are going directly over the coals, its pretty simple. Place the steaks on the grate, and sear for about 90 seconds per side. If you use a cast iron skillet, I use a 50/50 mix of salted butter and olive oil. Butter has a lower scorch point, so if your skillet gets too hot you will burn the butter. I've also had good success with Avocado or Peanut oil that has a much higher scorch point. Add some garlic and thyme, sear for 90 seconds a side and don't forget to spoon the butter over the steaks for a little extra love. Remove the steaks and let them rest for 10 minutes. This is a critical step that will ensure the juices will stay in the meat. Slice and serve.",creative_writing "Identify which car manufacturer is Japanese or American: Honda, Buick",,"Buick is American, Honda is Japanese",classification "Determine which continent the following cities are located: London, Singapore, New York, Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires, Melbourne, Jakarta, Boston, Paris, Riyadh, Lagos, Casablanca, Toronto, and Berlin.",,"New York, Boston, and Toronto are based in North America. London, Paris, and Berlin are in Europe. Jakarta, Riyadh, and Singapore are in Asia. Lagos and Casablanca are in Africa. Buenos Aires and Sao Paulo are in South America. Lastly, Melbourne is in Australia.",classification What medicinal plants should I grow in my Mid-Atlantic garden?,,"Echinacea Elder Bee balm Lemon balm Mullein Burdock Yarrow Wood Betony",brainstorming What are the chess pieces that a player starts out with?,"Chess pieces are divided into two different colored sets. While the sets might not be literally white and black (e.g. the light set may be a yellowish or off-white color, the dark set may be brown or red), they are always referred to as ""white"" and ""black"". The players of the sets are referred to as White and Black, respectively. Each set consists of sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and eight pawns. Chess sets come in a wide variety of styles; for competition, the Staunton pattern is preferred. The game is played on a square board of eight rows (called ranks) and eight columns (called files). By convention, the 64 squares alternate in color and are referred to as light and dark squares; common colors for chessboards are white and brown, or white and dark green.","8 pawns, 2 knights, 2 bishops, 2 rooks, 1 queen, and 1 king",information_extraction Who is the largest employer in the world?,,"The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the U.S. government directly related to national security and the United States Armed Forces. The DoD is the largest employer in the world, with over 1.34 million active-duty service members (soldiers, marines, sailors, airmen, and guardians) as of June 2022. The DoD also maintains over 778,000 National Guard and reservists, and over 747,000 civilians bringing the total to over 2.87 million employees. Headquartered at the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, just outside Washington, D.C., the DoD's stated mission is to provide ""the military forces needed to deter war and ensure our nation's security"".",classification Which Targaryen dragon is the biggest?,,The largest Targaryen dragon was Balerion the Black Dread.,open_qa What are the main types of Thai curries?,,"Green curry Red Curry Yellow Curry Massaman Curry Panang Curry",brainstorming "Classify the countries based on their continents. Ethiopia, Nigeria, Angola, India, China, Brazil, Mexico",,"Africa - Ethiopia, Nigeria, Angola Asia - India, China America - Brazil, Mexico",classification Why do we have a threefold repetition rule in chess?,"In chess, the threefold repetition rule states that a player may claim a draw if the same position occurs three times during the game. The rule is also known as repetition of position and, in the USCF rules, as triple occurrence of position. Two positions are by definition ""the same"" if the same types of pieces occupy the same squares, the same player has the move, the remaining castling rights are the same and the possibility to capture en passant is the same. The repeated positions need not occur in succession. The reasoning behind the rule is that if the position occurs three times, no real progress is being made and the game could hypothetically continue indefinitely. The game is not automatically drawn if a position occurs for the third time – one of the players, on their turn, must claim the draw with the arbiter. The claim must be made either before making the move which will produce the third repetition, or after the opponent has made a move producing a third repetition. By contrast, the fivefold repetition rule requires the arbiter to intervene and declare the game drawn if the same position occurs five times, needing no claim by the players.",This rule is to ensure the game ends and does not continue indefinitely.,information_extraction What should I wear in the summer?,,"In the summer people usually wear shorts, tank tops or tee shirts. Women may choose to wear skirts, skorts, or sun dresses. Flip flops and sandals are the most common footwear choice but sneakers are also a good choice. To protect against sun damage, most people wear a hat, visor, or light jackets to protect skin from sun exposure.",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Naqus, Pipa",,"Pipa is string, Naqus is percussion.",classification Summarize some of the controversies about Lululemon Athletica,"Lululemon Athletica lululemon athletica inc. (/ˌluːluˈlɛmən/; styled in all lowercase) is a Canadian multinational athletic apparel retailer headquartered in British Columbia and incorporated in Delaware, United States. It was founded in 1998 as a retailer of yoga pants and other yoga wear, and has expanded to also sell athletic wear, lifestyle apparel, accessories, and personal care products. The company has 574 stores internationally, and also sells online. History Lululemon was founded in 1998 by Chip Wilson in Vancouver, with its first standalone store opening in November 2000. Wilson created the name to have many L's so that it would sound western to Japanese buyers, who often have difficulty pronouncing the letter. He later remarked that he found it ""funny to watch [Japanese speakers] try and say it"" and that ""it was the only reason behind the name"". The company's initial public offering was in July 2007, raising $327.6 million by selling 18.2 million shares. Christine Day, a former co-president of Starbucks, became chief executive officer in 2008. In 2013, the company made its third consecutive appearance on Fortune's Fastest-Growing Companies list. In December 2013, founder Chip Wilson announced his resignation as chairman, and that the president of TOMS Shoes, Laurent Potdevin, would become CEO. In 2014, Lululemon opened its first store in Europe, a flagship shop in Covent Garden, London. In February 2015, Wilson announced that he was resigning from the board, and that Michael Casey, former lead director of the board, would replace him. In 2018, Laurent Potdevin resigned as CEO and from the company's board due to misconduct. From its founding through 2015, Lululemon incorporated elements of Landmark Forum into its leadership and development training. According to a company source, seventy per cent of managers are hired internally. Store managers are responsible for their store's layout, color coordination, and community involvement. In 2019, Lululemon announced an investment in MIRROR, a fitness startup that sells an interactive mirror with a camera and speakers for at-home workouts. The companies planned to create new content for the device, starting with meditation classes. In June 2020, Lululemon announced a $500 million deal to purchase MIRROR, capitalizing on a growing trend of people conducting virtual workouts at home instead of going to a gym due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The company eventually took a post-tax impairment charge of $442.7 million related to the acquisition at the end of fiscal 2022. Products Lululemon sells athletic wear including tops, yoga pants – a product that the company invented, shorts, sweaters, jackets and undergarments, as well as hair accessories, bags, yoga mats, water bottles, and personal care products such as deodorant and dry shampoo. Lululemon trademarked its original fabric, Luon, which included a higher-than-average amount of nylon microfiber, in 2005. Since then, the company has produced several different types of fabrics, including compression and moisture-wicking designs. Lululemon is primarily known for their leggings, which first made the brand popular. Lululemon maintains a research and development lab, ""Whitespace,"" within its headquarters. It has around 50 employees including scientists and physiologists. In 2019, the company launched a luxury streetwear brand called Lab in a few of its stores. In the same year, the company announced plans to double its men's business in the next five years beyond its women's and accessory business, competing against other athletic wear such as Nike and Under Armour. Marketing Two Lululemon stores with their products in exhibition, (left) Promenade; (right): Hong Kong Originally known for women's yoga apparel, by 2019 Lululemon had grown by acquiring more male customers and adapting its product and marketing strategies accordingly; it plans to increase awareness of its brand among men. The company has been stated to use ""holistic guerrilla marketing"", aiming to make customers feel that by wearing Lululemon clothing they are part of a larger community. It uses social media including Facebook, Twitter and Instagram as a main method of marketing the company and its products. Lululemon offers fitness instructors 25 percent off their orders. Controversies In November 2007, The New York Times reported that Lululemon made false claims about its Vitasea clothing product; the firm had claimed that the clothing, made from seaweed, provided ""anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, hydrating and detoxifying benefits"" but laboratory tests failed to find significant differences in mineral levels between ordinary T-shirt cotton and Vitasea fabric. Lululemon was subsequently forced to remove all health claims from its seaweed-based products marketed in Canada, following a demand from a Canadian oversight agency, the Competition Bureau of Canada. In 2013, some customers complained that the clothing was of poor quality, with some items being ""too sheer"", having holes appear, and falling apart after a few uses. In December 2010, Lululemon recalled some of the store's reusable bags that were made from polypropylene, based on reports of high levels of lead. In 2013, Lululemon recalled its black yoga pants that were unintentionally transparent and ""too thin""; the recall, which amounted to approximately 17 percent of all women's pants sold in its stores, impacted its financial results. The resulting financial loss and damage to the brand led to the forced departure of the company's Chief product officer, Sheree Waterson, and of its CEO, Christine Day. Founder Chip Wilson has made numerous controversial statements. In a 2004 interview, Wilson mocked Japanese pronunciation of the company's name. In 2013 he said that the company did not make clothes for plus-size women because it was too costly. In an effort to explain away excessive pilling in the brand's clothing, he blamed some customers for wearing Lululemon's clothes improperly or for having body shapes inconsistent with his clothes. In an interview for Bloomberg TV in 2013, he stated that some women's bodies were unsuitable for the brand's clothing. Time called the remarks ""fat shaming"". Comments such as these reportedly led to Wilson's resignation as chairman. In June 2016, Wilson published an open letter to shareholders stating that the company had ""lost its way"" and given up market share to Nike and Under Armour, after he was denied the opportunity to speak at the company's annual meetings. Since then, Wilson has used his website ""Elevate Lululemon"" to criticize the brand and business. In 2012, Lululemon filed a lawsuit against Calvin Klein and supplier G-III Apparel Group for infringement of three of its design patents for yoga pants. The lawsuit was somewhat unusual as it involved a designer seeking to assert intellectual property protection in clothing through patent rights. The case was settled out of court the same year. In 2021, a Business Insider report revealed that an unnamed company director pushed employees to create an All Lives Matter campaign to be displayed on its website in response to the murder of George Floyd. Employees pushed back but were told to move forward and create a mock up with the All Lives Matter copy, however they also created a Black Lives Matter artwork mock up that in the end was selected instead. The director apologized to 200 members of the company over conference call and subsequently left the company. In September 2022, 1,698 yoga teachers and students via advocacy groups Stand.earth and Actions Speaks Louder wrote to the company demanding a transition to 100% renewable energy by 2030. They claimed that roughly half of the firm's energy came from coal production.","- False claims about one of their products in 2007 - Poor quality complains about clothing material in 2013 - Ex-CEO's controversial statements in numerous occasions between 2004 and 2016 - Lawsuit against Calvin Klein and supplier G-III Apparel Group on patent rights in 2012 - An internal dispute over an All Lives Matter campaign pushed by an unnamed director who later apologized and left the company - A public demand of the company to transition to renewable energy from coal energy from a group of yoga teachers and students in 2022",summarization How many musicians performed in the world's largest rock band?,,The world’s largest performing rock band included 953 musicians.,open_qa What are some common types of snake plants?,,"Snake plants come in many varieties. Some common varieties include the bird's nest snake plant, cylinder snake plant, laurentii sansevieria, twisted sister, white snake plant, rhino grass, and sansevieria desertii.",brainstorming Which one is more popular? Soccer vs Basketball?,,"It depends on the region you are talking about. Globally, soccer is definitely the No.1 sport. It is so popular among europe, south america, africa and asia. However, in certain countries, for example United States, basketball is more popular.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about the grand Ethiopian renaissance dam, what is the expected power generation on the latest design.","Originally, in 2011, the hydropower plant was to receive 15 generating units with 350 MW nameplate capacity each, resulting in a total installed capacity of 5,250 MW with an expected power generation of 15,128 GWh per year. Its planned generation capacity was later increased to 6,000 MW, through 16 generating units with 375 MW nominal capacity each. The expected power generation was estimated at 15,692 GWh per year. In 2017, the design was again changed to add another 450 MW for a total of 6,450 MW, with a planned power generation of 16,153 GWh per year. That was achieved by upgrading 14 of the 16 generating units from 375 MW to 400 MW without changing the nominal capacity. According to a senior Ethiopian official, on 17 October 2019, the power generation capacity of the GERD is now 5,150 MW, with 13 turbines (2x 375 MW and 11x 400 MW) down from 16 turbines.","The new design developed in 2017 has a planned power generation of 16,153 GWh/year using 16 hydropower generating units.",closed_qa What is an oligopoly?,"An oligopoly (from Greek ὀλίγος, oligos ""few"" and πωλεῖν, polein ""to sell"") is a market structure in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of large sellers or producers. Oligopolies often result from the desire to maximize profits, which can lead to collusion between companies. This reduces competition, increases prices for consumers, and lowers wages for employees. Many industries have been cited as oligopolistic, including civil aviation, electricity providers, the telecommunications sector, Rail freight markets, food processing, funeral services, sugar refining, beer making, pulp and paper making, and automobile manufacturing. Most countries have laws outlawing anti-competitive behavior. EU competition law prohibits anti-competitive practices such as price-fixing and manipulating market supply and trade among competitors. In the US, the United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division and the Federal Trade Commission are tasked with stopping collusion. However, corporations can evade legal consequences through tacit collusion, as collusion can only be proven through actual and direct communication between companies. It is possible for oligopolies to develop without collusion and in the presence of fierce competition among market participants. This is a situation similar to perfect competition, where oligopolists have their own market structure. In this situation, each company in the oligopoly has a large share in the industry and plays a pivotal, unique role. With post-socialist economies, oligopolies may be particularly pronounced. For example in Armenia, where business elites enjoy oligopoly, 19% of the whole economy is monopolized (BEEPS 2009 database), making it the most monopolized country in the region. ",Oligopoly is a market structure that is along the spectrum of competition ranging from monopoly to perfect competition. Oligopoly is a market structure that has few sellers or producers. Oligopoly is similar to monopoly except there are multiple sellers instead of just one single dominate producer.,summarization Who is your favorite player on the Golden State Warriors?,,"As an AI, I don't have favorite basketball players. However, if I did have to choose, I would pick Gary Payton II. He plays with heart, defends relentlessly, and dunks on everyone.",open_qa "Classify each as fragile or not fragile: Glass, egg shells, pottery, cardboard box, styrofoam, rubber",,"Glass: Fragile Egg Shells: Fragile Pottery: Fragile Cardboard Box: Not Fragile Styrofoam: Not Fragile Rubber: Not Fragile",classification How are odds different from probability?,,"Both are measurements for how likely it is for an event to occur. Odds are commonly used in gambling, which probability is a measure that is commonly used in mathematics/statistics. In statistics, probability measures the number of outcomes in which a particular event occurred divided by the total number of possible outcomes. For example, the probability of rain on a given day would be based on, historically with similar conditions, the number of rainy days divided by a total number of days. The odds are measured as the number of events divided by the number of non-events. To contrast, probability would be the number of events divided by the sum of events and non-events.",open_qa What are the four major tournaments for the Professional Golfers Association?,,"The four major tournaments for the Professional Golfers' Association (PGA) Tour are the Masters, the PGA Championship, the US Open, and the British Open. The Masters is the first tournament of the calendar year and is held in April in Augusta, Georgia, USA. The PGA Championship comes second and is held in May followed by the US Open in June and the British Open in July. The PGA Championship, US Open, and British Open are held at different venues each year whereas the Masters tournament is always held at Augusta National Golf Club. The Masters, US Open, and British Open all welcome qualifying amateurs and professionals alike whereas the PGA Championship is limited to professionals only.",open_qa What are the top 7 cities to ride a bicycle?,,"Based on the Global Bicycle Index, the top 7 cities for riding a bike are: 1. Utrecht, Netherlands 2. Munster, Germany 3. Antwerp, Belgium 4. Copenhagen, Denmark 5. Amsterdam, Netherlands 6. Malmö, Sweden 7. Hangzhou, China",brainstorming "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Arctotherium, Eastern Lowland Gorilla",,"Eastern Lowland Gorilla is alive, Arctotherium is extinct.",classification How many boilers did Juvenal have?,"Cantiere Navale Triestino built Juvenal in Monfalcone, near Trieste, Italy, launching her on 3 June 1928 and completing her in August. She was 556.0 ft (169.5 m) long, had a beam of 74.1 ft (22.6 m) and a draught of 29 ft 2 in (8.89 m). As built her tonnages were 13,247 GRT and 7,934 NRT. Juvenal was only slightly smaller than the tanker C.O. Stillman, which was then the largest in the World and had been completed in Bremen that February. Juvenal had 15 corrugated furnaces that heated five boilers with a combined heating surface of 17,735 square feet (1,648 m2). They supplied steam at 200 lbf/in2 to a pair of triple expansion engines built by the North East Marine Engineering Co Ltd of Sunderland, England. Between them the engines developed a total of 1,167 NHP and propelled her by twin screws.",five,information_extraction What were the horcruxes in the Harry Potter book series?,,"In the Harry Potter book series, a horcrux is defined as an object that contains a shard of someones soul. The main villain of the story, Voldemort, performed a violent ceremony to split his soul a total of seven times (although one was accidental). The horcruxes he made were Tom Riddle's diary, Marvolo Gaunt's ring, Slytherin's locket, Hufflepuff's cup, Ravenclaw's diadem, Nagini (the snake), and Harry Potter.",brainstorming "Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Artega, Brammo, Vaydor",,"Brammo and Vaydor are American, Artega is German",classification Who is the winningest coach in Seattle Seahawks history?,,Pete Carrol,open_qa "Classify each of the following as either an animal or plant: elephant, tree, tulip, human, dog, rose",,"The following are animals: elephant, human and dog and the rest are plants: tree, tulip and rose",classification What is the FA Cup?,,"The Football Association Challenge Cup, more commonly known as the FA Cup, is an annual knockout football competition in men's domestic English football. First played during the 1871–72 season, it is the oldest national football competition in the world. It is organised by and named after The Football Association (The FA). Since 2015, it has been known as The Emirates FA Cup after its headline sponsor. A concurrent Women's FA Cup has been held since 1970. The competition is open to all eligible clubs down to Level 9 of the English football league system with Level 10 clubs acting as stand-ins in the event of non-entries from above. Included in the competition are 20 professional clubs in the Premier League (level 1), 72 professional clubs in the English Football League (levels 2 to 4), and all clubs in steps 1–5 of the National League System (levels 5 to 9) as well as a tiny number of step 6 clubs acting as stand-ins for non-entries above. A record 763 clubs competed in 2011–12. The tournament consists of 12 randomly drawn rounds followed by the semi-finals and the final. Entrants are not seeded, although a system of byes based on league level ensures higher ranked teams enter in later rounds – the minimum number of games needed to win, depending on which round a team enters the competition, ranges from six to fourteen. The first six rounds are the Qualifying Competition, from which 32 teams progress to the first round of the Competition Proper, meeting the first of the 48 professional teams from Leagues One and Two. The last entrants are the Premier League and Championship clubs, into the draw for the Third Round Proper. In the modern era, only one non-League team has ever reached the quarter-finals, and teams below Level 2 have never reached the final. As a result, significant focus is given to the smaller teams who progress furthest, especially if they achieve an unlikely ""giant-killing"" victory. Winners receive the FA Cup trophy, of which there have been two designs and five actual cups; the latest is a 2014 replica of the second design, introduced in 1911. Winners also qualify for the UEFA Europa League and a place in the upcoming FA Community Shield. Arsenal are the most successful club with fourteen titles and Arsène Wenger is the most successful manager in the history of the competition, having won seven finals as Arsenal's manager. Liverpool are the current holders, having beaten Chelsea 6–5 on penalties following a 0–0 draw in the 2022 final.",open_qa When were the most recent eruptions of Mount Hood?,"The last three eruptions at Mount Hood occurred within the past 1,800 years from vents high on the southwest flank and produced deposits that were distributed primarily to the south and west along the Sandy and Zigzag rivers. The last eruptive period took place around 220 to 170 years ago, when dacitic lava domes, pyroclastic flows and mudflows were produced without major explosive eruptions. The prominent Crater Rock just below the summit is hypothesized to be the remains of one of these now-eroded domes. This period includes the last major eruption of 1781 to 1782 with a slightly more recent episode ending shortly before the arrival of the explorers Lewis and Clark in 1805. The latest minor eruptive event occurred in August 1907.",Mount Hood most recently erupted around 220 to 170 years ago. The most recent major Mount Hood eruptions occurred between the years of 1781 to 1782 and again in 1805. The latest minor eruption occurred in August 1907.,information_extraction "Classify each team as playing in the EPL or La Liga: Barcelona, Tottenham, Brighton, Liverpool, Sevilla, Valencia, Everton",,"Barcelona: La Liga Tottenham: EPL Brighton: EPL Liverpool: EPL Sevilla: La Liga Valencia: La Liga Everton: EPL",classification "Tell me whether each of these countries is north or south of the equator: Finland, Canada, South Africa, Iceland, Germany, Uruguay, Zimbabwe",,"Finland: North Canada: North South Africa: South Iceland: North Germany: North Uruguay: South Zimbabwe: South",classification "Extract a list of rivalries with the Detroit Lions in bulleted form, sorted alphabetically.","The Lions have had several division rivals in their existence. Their oldest rivals are the Chicago Bears and the Green Bay Packers, whom they have faced since 1930. The Minnesota Vikings have been in a division with Detroit ever since their inaugural season in 1961. Another notable longtime division opponent was the Tampa Bay Buccaneers (25 seasons from 1977 to 2001). The Lions also have a preseason rivalry with the Cleveland Browns, dubbed the Great Lakes Classic. The two teams have been playing for The Barge Trophy since 2002. The Lions and Browns had a solid rivalry in the 1950s, when they met four times for the NFL championship (Detroit won three of the matchups); they have met much less frequently during the regular season since the 1970 AFL–NFL merger due to the Browns' move to the AFC.","Here is a list of rivalries with the Detroit Lions, sorted alphabetically: * Chicago Bears * Cleveland Browns * Green Bay Packers * Minnesota Vikings * Tampa Bay Buccaneers",information_extraction Give me the Seven Wonders of the Industrial World:,,"Seven Wonders of the Industrial World: - SS Great Eastern, British oceangoing passenger steamship, launched in 1858 - Bell Rock Lighthouse, in the North Sea off the coast of Angus, Scotland, completed in 1810 - Brooklyn Bridge, in New York City, New York, United States, opened to traffic in 1883 - London sewerage system, serving London, England since the late 19th century - First transcontinental railroad, 1,912-mile (3,077 km) continuous railroad line connecting existing rail networks in Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, and California in the United States, completed in 1869 - Panama Canal, 51-mile (82 km) artificial waterway crossing the Isthmus of Panama and connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, completed in 1914 - Hoover Dam, on the Colorado River, spanning the border between Nevada and Arizona in the United States, completed in 1936",brainstorming Extract all the weights and measures from the text,"The Island Packet 27 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with teak wood trim and a teak and holly cabin sole. It is a Cutter-rigged sloop; with a spooned raked stem; a vertical transom; a rudder mounted to the keel, controlled by a wheel and a fixed long keel or optional long keel and centerboard. It displaces 8,000 lb (3,629 kg) and carries 3,000 lb (1,361 kg) of ballast. The keel-equipped version of the boat has a draft of 3.70 ft (1.13 m), while the centerboard-equipped version has a draft of 6.0 ft (1.8 m) with the centerboard extended and 2.67 ft (0.81 m) with it retracted. The boat is fitted with a Japanese Yanmar diesel engine of 18 hp (13 kW). The fuel tank holds 19 U.S. gallons (72 L; 16 imp gal) and the fresh water tank has a capacity of 31 U.S. gallons (120 L; 26 imp gal). The mainsheet traveler is on the rear taffrail. The cockpit features two jib winches and two halyard winches. The cockpit has room for eight adults and includes an icebox. There is a bowsprit with an anchor roller. The galley is located on the port side of the boat and includes a two-burner alcohol-fired stove and optional pressure water supply. The head is located just aft of the forward ""V""-berth, on the starboard side. Additional sleeping accommodation is provided by a cabin settee, which converts to a double berth, plus a single berth to port. The cabin table folds up against the bulkhead. Cabin ventilation consists of six opening ports and a forward hatch.","8000 lb / 3629 kg 3000 lb / 1361 kg 3.70 ft / 1.13 m 6.0 ft / 1.8 m 2.67 ft / 0.81m 18 hp / 13 kW 19 US gallons / 72 L / 16 imp gal 31 US gallons / 120 L / 26 imp gal",information_extraction Describe the quantitative easing in 3 bullet points or less.,"Quantitative easing (QE) is a monetary policy action where a central bank purchases predetermined amounts of government bonds or other financial assets in order to stimulate economic activity. Quantitative easing is a novel form of monetary policy that came into wide application after the financial crisis of 2007-2008. It is intended to mitigate an economic recession when inflation is very low or negative, making standard monetary policy ineffective. Quantitative tightening (QT) does the opposite, where for monetary policy reasons, a central bank sells off some portion of its holdings of government bonds or other financial assets. Similar to conventional open-market operations used to implement monetary policy, a central bank implements quantitative easing by buying financial assets from commercial banks and other financial institutions, thus raising the prices of those financial assets and lowering their yield, while simultaneously increasing the money supply. However, in contrast to normal policy, quantitative easing usually involves the purchase of riskier or longer-term assets (rather than short-term government bonds) of predetermined amounts at a large scale, over a pre-committed period of time. Central banks usually resort to quantitative easing when their nominal interest rate target approaches or reaches zero. Very low interest rates induce a liquidity trap, a situation where people prefer to hold cash or very liquid assets, given the low returns on other financial assets. This makes it difficult for interest rates to go below zero; monetary authorities may then use quantitative easing to further stimulate the economy rather than trying to lower the interest rate further. Quantitative easing can help bring the economy out of recession and help ensure that inflation does not fall below the central bank's inflation target. However QE programmes are also criticized for their side-effects and risks, which include the policy being more effective than intended in acting against deflation (leading to higher inflation in the longer term), or not being effective enough if banks remain reluctant to lend and potential borrowers are unwilling to borrow. Quantitative easing has also been criticized for raising financial asset prices, contributing to inequality. Quantitative easing was undertaken by some major central banks worldwide following the global financial crisis of 2007–08, and again in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.","1- Quantitative easing (QE) is a monetary policy action in which the government buys bonds and other assets to keep long term interest rate low to stimulate the economy. 2- It was introduced after the great financial crisis (GFC) in 2008. 3- It contributes to inequality by raising financial assets.",summarization What group is known for introducing wine growing to California?,,Spanish Jesuit missionaries established California's wine-making history in 1680 when they planted Mediterranean vines so that they could grow grapes to make wine for religious services.,open_qa Alfred Jingle appears in which Dickens novel,,The Pickwick Papers,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Igil, Bara",,"Bara is percussion, Igil is string.",classification What is the typical math curriculum for a 5th grader,,"Typical math curriculum for 5th grade consists of 1. Numbers and operations on whole numbers, decimals, fractions, percentages, ratios and proportions 2. Loose introduction to algebra and abstract thinking 3. Areas and perimeters of shapes, introduction to triangles, lines, segments, angles etc. 4. Translating word problems into symbolic math to solve logic problems.",open_qa What is an API gateway?,,"An API gateway is an API management tool that sits between a client and a collection of backend services. An API gateway acts as a reverse proxy to accept all application programming interface (API) calls, aggregate the various services required to fulfill them, and return the appropriate result.",open_qa "Tell me whether these are movies or film Directors: Sholay, Satyajit Ray, Mani Ratnam, Lagaan, Yash Chopra, Roja",,"Sholay is a Bollywood movie Satyajit Ray was an Indian Film Director Mani Ratnam is an Indian Film Director Lagaan is a Bollywood movie Yash Chopra was an film director Roja is a Bollywood Movie",classification "Given a reference text about the blackbuck, tell me how big the males are.","The blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope native to India and Nepal. It inhabits grassy plains and lightly forested areas with perennial water sources. It stands up to 74 to 84 cm (29 to 33 in) high at the shoulder. Males weigh 20–57 kg (44–126 lb), with an average of 38 kg (84 lb). Females are lighter, weighing 20–33 kg (44–73 lb) or 27 kg (60 lb) on average. Males have 35–75 cm (14–30 in) long corkscrew horns, and females occasionally develop horns, as well. The white fur on the chin and around the eyes is in sharp contrast with the black stripes on the face. Both sexes’ coats feature a two-tone colouration; in males, the majority of the body is dark brown to black, with white circles around the eyes, white ears and tail, and the belly, lower jaw, and inner legs also white. Females and juveniles are yellowish-fawn to tan and display the same white areas, only with more of a beige tone than the males. Females also feature a more pronounced horizontal white side-stripe, starting around the shoulder and ending at the rump. The blackbuck is the sole living member of the genus Antilope and was scientifically described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Two subspecies are recognized.","Male blackbuck range from 44 to 126 pounds, are 29 to 33 inches tall, and have 14 to 30 inch long corkscrew horns.",closed_qa "Which items should we not eat for a weight loss diet? Banana, Ice-cream, milk tea, chocolate, dates, bakery biscuits, cold drinks.",,"You should not eat excess of anything, but out of the following list, ice-cream, milk tea, chocolate, bakery biscuits, cold drinks would be better avoided as they are refined products and contain sugar. Try to have natural sugar with fibre so, banana and dates are good to have on a diet.",classification Why is film photography popular again?,,"Film photography had seen a long decline in popularity ever since the invention of digital cameras with their remarkable leaps in technological advances. As of today, a decent professional digital camera significantly outperforms the 35mm film cameras in terms of resolution, burst-shooting capabilities, nearly unlimited storage, and etc... In the recent years, the ""film look"" has made its comeback with lower resolution, grainy texture and unique color rendition. On top of that, half-decent retro-looking film cameras can be acquired for much less than a potent digital camera, lowering the entry barrier for those on the budget and looking for that look. An abundant pool of film stocks also adds to the fun, where each can drastically differ in low-light sensitivity, color rendition, graininess, post-processing chemistry, and of course, price. However, many major photographic film producers have either discontinued or significantly reduced the volume of their production. This, coupled with the surge in the demand, has led to skyrocketing prices on most of the still-available film stocks. On top of this, many popular and sought-after film cameras like the Leica M6, Nikon FM2 and Contax T2 also saw steep increase in their used-market prices. Given these price hikes on films and decades-old equipments, film photography is quickly becoming an expensive hobby, where each click of a shutter could cost more than 50 cents. How ironic is this today, when digital storage is virtually free? The authentic ""film look"" carries a hefty price tag today, and the future popularity of film photograhy is uncertain.",open_qa "Classify each of the following as either solid, liquid or gas: fart, urine, poop, toilet paper, toilet, sink, water, bar of soap, underwear, belt, steam",,"The solids include poop, toilet paper, the toilet, the bar of soap, underwear and belt. The liquids include urine and water. The gases include the fart and steam.",classification "Whats the difference between a sloop, a cutter, and a ketch?",,"These are all categorizations of different types of sailing boats. A sloop is the most common. A sloop is a monohull sailboat with a single- rig mast supporting a main sail and and headsail. These are great boats to learn sailing on as their simple, easy to handle, and have great wind performance. A cutter at first look is similar to a sloop in that it also has a single mast positioned near the middle of the boat. However, a cutter uses two headsails, instead of a mainsail and headsail, and generally includes a bowsprit. This allows the boat to have better stability in rough weather due to the headsails providing a lower center of gravity. The complex rigging makes this boat more challenging to sail than the sloop, but provides an excellent option for an experienced sailor. A ketch has two masts. The main mast in the front stands taller than the mizzen mast behind it. The mizzen mast stands forward of the rudder post. The ketch has smaller sails and shorter masts. While this makes them slower than a sloop, they are very controllable in rough weather which makes them excellent boats for off shore sailing.",classification What are some former names for the city of Mumbai?,"The name Mumbai (Marathi: मुंबई, Gujarati: મુંબઈ, Hindi: मुंबई) derived from Mumbā or Mahā-Ambā—the name of the patron goddess (kuladevata) Mumbadevi of the native Koli community—and ā'ī meaning ""mother"" in the Marathi language, which is the mother tongue of the Koli people and the official language of Maharashtra. The Koli people originated in Kathiawar and Central Gujarat, and according to some sources they brought their goddess Mumba with them from Kathiawar (Gujarat), where she is still worshipped. However, other sources disagree that Mumbai's name was derived from the goddess Mumba. The oldest known names for the city are Kakamuchee and Galajunkja; these are sometimes still used. In 1508, Portuguese writer Gaspar Correia used the name ""Bombaim"" in his Lendas da Índia (Legends of India). This name possibly originated as the Galician-Portuguese phrase bom baim, meaning ""good little bay"", and Bombaim is still commonly used in Portuguese. In 1516, Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa used the name Tana-Maiambu: Tana appears to refer to the adjoining town of Thane and Maiambu to Mumbadevi. Other variations recorded in the 16th and the 17th centuries include: Mombayn (1525), Bombay (1538), Bombain (1552), Bombaym (1552), Monbaym (1554), Mombaim (1563), Mombaym (1644), Bambaye (1666), Bombaiim (1666), Bombeye (1676), Boon Bay (1690), and Bon Bahia. After the English gained possession of the city in the 17th century, the Portuguese name was anglicised as Bombay. Ali Muhammad Khan, imperial dewan or revenue minister of the Gujarat province, in the Mirat-i Ahmedi (1762) referred to the city as Manbai. The French traveller Louis Rousselet, who visited in 1863 and 1868, states in his book L'Inde des Rajahs, which was first published in 1877: ""Etymologists have wrongly derived this name from the Portuguese Bôa Bahia, or (French: ""bonne bai"", English: ""good bay""), not knowing that the tutelar goddess of this island has been, from remote antiquity, Bomba, or Mumba Devi, and that she still ... possesses a temple"". By the late 20th century, the city was referred to as Mumbai or Mambai in Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Kannada and Sindhi, and as Bambai in Hindi. The Government of India officially changed the English name to Mumbai in November 1995. This came at the insistence of the Marathi nationalist Shiv Sena party, which had just won the Maharashtra state elections, and mirrored similar name changes across the country and particularly in Maharashtra. According to Slate magazine, ""they argued that 'Bombay' was a corrupted English version of 'Mumbai' and an unwanted legacy of British colonial rule."" Slate also said ""The push to rename Bombay was part of a larger movement to strengthen Marathi identity in the Maharashtra region."" While Mumbai is still referred to as Bombay by some of its residents and by some Indians from other regions, mention of the city by a name other than Mumbai has been controversial.","The city of Mumbai carries its official name since 1995, some former names of the city were: Mombayn (1525), Bombay (1538), Bombain (1552), Bombaym (1552), Monbaym (1554), Mombaim (1563), Mombaym (1644), Bambaye (1666), Bombaiim (1666), Bombeye (1676), Boon Bay (1690), Bon Bahia, Bombay, Manbai, Mambai, Bambai",information_extraction Give me a list of the best bodybuilders of all time.,,"There were many great bodybuilders, but most associate the best with those who have won Mr. Olympia, the most prestigious bodybuilding competition in the world. Those who have the most wins in chronological order are: Arnold Schwarzenegger (7 total wins) Lee Haney (8 total wins) Dorian Yates (6 total wins) Ronnie Coleman (8 total wins) Jay Cutler (4 total wins) Phil Health (7 total wins)",brainstorming How large is a regulation size basketball in the NBA?,,The official size of the basketball used by the NBA is 29.5 inches in circumference.,open_qa "Classify each of these objects as having color that is red or blue: tomato, sky, ice, fire, cherries.",,Tomatoes and cherries are red. The sky is blue. The color of ice is much closer to blue than red. Fire can be red or blue but under most circumstances would be closer to red.,classification "Classify each of the following as either a Nintendo character or a Sega character: Mario, Princess Peach, Sonic, Tails, Doctor Eggman, Luigi, Link, Zelda, Alex Kidd, Donkey Kong, AiAi, Gilius Thunderhead, Bob-Omb",,"Nintendo: Mario, Princess Peach, Luigi, Link, Zelda, Donkey Kong, Bob-Omb Sega: Sonic, Tails, Doctor Eggman, Alex Kidd, AiAi, Gilius Thunderhead",classification "According to this passage, what percent of the lithography machine market do Ultratech, Canon and Nikon, MKS Instruments, Lam Research and Cadence Design Systems have in aggregate?","ASML produces the photolithography machines used in the production of computer chips. In these machines, patterns are optically imaged onto a silicon wafer that is covered with a film of light-sensitive material (photoresist). This procedure is repeated dozens of times on a single wafer. The photoresist is then further processed to create the actual electronic circuits on the silicon. The optical imaging that ASML's machines deal with is used in the fabrication of nearly all integrated circuits and, as of 2011, ASML had 67 percent of the worldwide sales of lithography machines. ASML's competition consisted of Ultratech, Canon and Nikon, MKS Instruments, Lam Research and Cadence Design Systems.[citation needed]","If ASML has 67 percent of the worldwide sales of lithography machines and if Ultratech, Canon and Nikon, MKS Instruments, Lam Research and Cadence Design Systems represent their sole competition, than these companies must share the remaining 33 percent of the market.",closed_qa What are some good places to visit in and around Austin?,,"Austin by itself is a mid size city in Central Texas. From a college town it has elevated itself to be a technology hub in the country in 2010s. Apart from a vibrant, musical feel and decent sized downtown area, there are some great places to visit, hangout and eat at. The Domain is a chic urban living area just north of downtown. Lake travis and the shoreline offer ample parks and hiking choices, and a must visit eat/drink location, The Oasis. West of Austin offers a peak at hill country, and Balcon Canyonlands, an open area for ample hiking opportunities. Mount Bonnell, a great short hike, and a beautiful view of sunset over colorado river. Barton Creek and Bee Cave also has a lot of activities going on. In the middle of downtown one can walk or bike on the boardwalk over ladybird lake, or just go chill at Zilker park.",brainstorming "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Society finch, Nutria",,"Nutria is wild, Society finch is domesticated",classification Who was the 45th President of the United States of America?,,Donald J. Trump was the 45th President of the United States of America,open_qa Who created Sesame Street?,,"Sesame Street was created by Jim Henson, Lloyd Morrisett, and Joan Ganz Cooney",open_qa How many toes does a cat have?,,"A cat typically has five toes: four on its paw pad and one smaller one on the side of its arm called the declaw. Some cats are polydactyl, which means they could have more than the average number of toes.",classification Name some of the best tourist spots in USA?,,"Some of the best tourist spots in USA include Yellowstone National Park, Statue of Liberty, Grand Canyon National Park and Times Square",open_qa Who is considered the bachelor president of the United States?,,"James Buchanan, the 15th president of the United States.",classification Extract all unique names from the provided paragraphs separated by comma.,"Neville shows to Det. Delroy a recently shot love scene between Keefe and Elaine, willingly pointing out a spousicide-related detail which compromises the already delicate position of the young widower. In light of this new evidence, Delroy tells the director that he will arrest the young man very soon. Neville telephones Keefe to warn him, telling him to come to his house at a certain time. The director also calls Elaine to his home, where he attempts to recreate the night of Andrea's murder, this time using Elaine. Det. Vickers watches Elaine enter the director's house from the street, but he misses Keefe, who breaks in through a window. He disrupts the liaison by pulling plug fuses out of the breaker box, shutting off the lights. Detective Vickers notices the lights shut off from the street and unsuccessfully tries to break in. In the house, Neville attacks Keefe with a pair of scissors, and the two struggle. Keefe throws Neville over a balcony, and he lands in an indoor fountain below together with a light. Simultaneously, Elaine restores electricity to the house, unknowingly electrocuting Neville to death.","Neville, Delroy, Keefe, Elaine, Andrea, Vickers",information_extraction "Given this paragraph about bull sharks, how long are adult female adult sharks in feet?","Bull sharks are large and stout, with females being larger than males. The bull shark can be up to 81 cm (2 ft 8 in) in length at birth. Adult female bull sharks average 2.4 m (8 ft) long and typically weigh 130 kg (290 lb), whereas the slightly smaller adult male averages 2.25 m (7 ft) and 95 kg (209 lb). While a maximum size of 3.5 m (11 ft) is commonly reported, a single record exists of a female specimen of exactly 4.0 m (13 ft). A 3.25 m (10.7 ft) long pregnant individual reached 450 kg (990 lb). Bull sharks are wider and heavier than other requiem sharks of comparable length, and are grey on top and white below. The second dorsal fin is smaller than the first. The bull shark's caudal fin is longer and lower than that of the larger sharks, and it has a small snout, and lacks an interdorsal ridge.",Adult female bull sharks average 8 feet long.,closed_qa Please give me a bulleted list of the fundamentals of baseball,"Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding. The game occurs over the course of several plays, with each play generally beginning when a player on the fielding team, called the pitcher, throws a ball that a player on the batting team, called the batter, tries to hit with a bat. The objective of the offensive team (batting team) is to hit the ball into the field of play, away from the other team's players, allowing its players to run the bases, having them advance counter-clockwise around four bases to score what are called ""runs"". The objective of the defensive team (referred to as the fielding team) is to prevent batters from becoming runners, and to prevent runners' advance around the bases. A run is scored when a runner legally advances around the bases in order and touches home plate (the place where the player started as a batter). The principal objective of the batting team is to have a player reach first base safely; this generally occurs either when the batter hits the ball and reaches first base before an opponent retrieves the ball and touches the base, or when the pitcher persists in throwing the ball out of the batter's reach. Players on the batting team who reach first base without being called ""out"" can attempt to advance to subsequent bases as a runner, either immediately or during teammates' turns batting. The fielding team tries to prevent runs by getting batters or runners ""out"", which forces them out of the field of play. The pitcher can get the batter out by throwing three pitches which result in strikes, while fielders can get the batter out by catching a batted ball before it touches the ground, and can get a runner out by tagging them with the ball while the runner is not touching a base. The opposing teams switch back and forth between batting and fielding; the batting team's turn to bat is over once the fielding team records three outs. One turn batting for each team constitutes an inning. A game is usually composed of nine innings, and the team with the greater number of runs at the end of the game wins. Most games end after the ninth inning, but if scores are tied at that point, extra innings are usually played. Baseball has no game clock, though some competitions feature pace-of-play regulations such as the pitch clock to shorten game time.","- Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding. - The object of the game in to score more runs than the opposing team. - Runs are score only by the batting team during their at bats. While batting you are allowed 3 outs before you will have to switch with the fielding team. - A typical baseball game last 9 innings, but there can be extra innings added if there is a tie.",summarization "Which of the following are beach wear vs what one would wear on a cold winter trek? If there are common items, create a third category called 'Common': Socks Hats Neck gaiter Sunglasses Swimsuits Undershirts Cover-ups Down jacket Trek poles Water Shoes Beanie Sandals",,"Beach wear: Swimsuits Cover-ups Sandals Water Shoes Cold winter trek wear: Neck gaiter Down jacket Beanie Trek poles Common: Socks Hats Sunglasses Undershirts",classification What is s3 equivalent in GCP?,,"If you're familiar with AWS, Google Storage is GCP's version of AWS Simple Storage Service (S3) and an S3 bucket would be equivalent to a Google Storage bucket across the two clouds.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ngoma drums, Zhuihu",,"Zhuihu is string, Ngoma drums is percussion.",classification "Tell me whether these pokemon are electric or grass type: Pikachu, Bulbasaur, Zapdos, Voltorb, Oddish, Bellsprout",,"Pikachu: Electric Bulbasaur: Grass Zapdos: Electric Voltorb: Electric Oddish: Grass Bellsprout: Grass",classification "Tell me whether each of these countries is in the northern or southern hemisphere: Italy, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden",,"Italy: Northern Hemisphere South Africa: Southern Hemisphere Australia: Southern Hemisphere New Zealand: Southern Hemisphere Norway: Northern Hemisphere Sweden: Northern Hemisphere",classification What is Purchasing power parity (PPP)?,,"Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a measurement of the price of specific goods in different countries and is used to compare the absolute purchasing power of the countries' currencies. PPP is effectively the ratio of the price of a basket of goods at one location divided by the price of the basket of goods at a different location. The PPP inflation and exchange rate may differ from the market exchange rate because of tariffs, and other transaction costs.",open_qa "Tell me whether these are indoor or outdoor games. Cricket, Table Tennis, Soccer, Carom",,"Cricket- Outdoor Game, Table Tennis - Indoor Game, Soccer- Outdoor Game, Carom - Indoor Games",classification What is stratigraphy?,,Stratigraphy is a subset of geology and is the classification of layers (strata) of soil and rock.,open_qa "If the Curated Golden Square was built as planned, what would the average cost (rounded to the nearest dollar) per square foot have been?","In 2019, Singh had stated his next venture, set to open October 2019, was Curated Golden Square, described as a ""$100 million, 30,000 square foot apartment hotel"". In a 2021 follow up interview with Vanity Fair, Singh claimed that the COVID-19 pandemic was the reason the venture did not move forward. The site in question, 37 Golden Square, is a collection of 23 apartments developed by Halamar in 2019.","$3,333 per square foot = $100,000,000/ 30,000 square feet",closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Fontomfrom, Ruan",,"Ruan is string, Fontomfrom is percussion.",classification "Please categorize these items as something a human can safely drink or something that a human should avoid drinking: engine oil, tea, coolant, beer, molten lava, sparkling water, pasteurized cow's milk, and laundry detergent.",,"The items that are safe to drink are tea, beer, sparkling water, and milk. It is not safe to drink engine oil, coolant, molten lava, and laundry detergent.",classification Extract all the names of people from this article about Robert Ball.,"He was born at Queenstown, County Cork. He was the third child of Bob Stawell Ball, a customs official, and Mary Ball (née Green). The Ball family lived in Youghal, County Cork. Robert had two sisters who shared his interest in nature, Anne, a well-known phycologist, and Mary, an entomologist. He also had a brother, Bent (7 March 1806 - 19 May 1860), who did not appear to pursue any interest in these fields. He initially attended a school Clonakilty, before attending a Quaker school in Ballitore, County Kildare where his interest for natural history was developed with encouragement from his schoolmaster James White. He returned to Youghal in 1824 to take up a post as a magistrate which involved travel and was sometimes dangerous, even escaping an assassination attempt, but aided his natural history specimen collecting. He left Youghal for Dublin in 1827, and as he was unable to afford medical studies he worked for 20 years in the civil service, firstly as clerk in the Constabulary and Yeomanry Office, Dublin, and later assistant librarian and keeper of records at the same. He considered the work as ""soul-subduing slavery"" and pursued his natural history interests, actively associating with the local scientific circles. Ball left the civil service in 1852 with a small pension, as it was deemed he spent too much of his time on scientific pursuits than was suitable for a public servant. He went on natural history excursions with William Todhunter, William Thompson, Robert Patterson, George Hyndman, and Edward Forbes apart from travels to museums in Paris and meetings in Great Britain.","Bob Stawell Ball, Mary Ball, Robert Ball, Anne Ball, Mary Ball, Bent Ball, James White, William Todhunter, William Thompson, Robert Patterson, George Hyndman, Edward Forbes",information_extraction "List the seven episode titles from the seventh season of ""Game of Thrones"" in broadcast order.",,"Dragonstone, Stormborn, The Queen's Justice, The Spoils of War, Eastwatch, Beyond the Wall, The Dragon and the Wolf",open_qa "Classify which teams are in the NHL or NBA: Detroit Red Wings, Detroit Pistons, Milwaukee Bucks, Cleveland Cavaliers, Columbus Blue Jackets, Chicago Bulls, Chicago Blackhawks",,"The Detroit Red Wings, Columbus Blue Jackets, and Chicago Blackhawks are NHL teams. The Detroit Pistons, Milwaukee Bucks, Cleveland Cavaliers, and Chicago Bulls are NBA teams.",classification Best food in the world,,Biriyani,brainstorming What is the distinction between skiing and backcountry skiing?,,"Usually skiing is referred to ski on prepared slopes. These are areas in a mountain which have been preselected in a sense that they are relatively save from avalanches, are suitable to build the infrastructure on them and get prepared daily. Backcountry on the other side refers to ski on unprepared terrain in the nature.",classification "Tell me whether these are TV shows or books: Modern Family, You, Don Quixote, A Tale of Two Cities, The Little Prince",,"Modern Family (TV Show), You (TV Show), Don Quixote (Book), A Tale of Two Cities (Book), The Little Prince (Book)",classification What is Ancient Girl's Frame,,"Ancient Girl's Frame (Japanese: 闘神機ジーズフレーム, Hepburn: Tōshinki Jīzu Furēmu) is a Japanese-Chinese original net animation series which aired in Chinese on streaming platforms from October 11 to December 27, 2021, and on Japanese television on Tokyo MX the following day. The series is licensed in North America by Funimation.",open_qa Give me a bulleted list of the three trimesters and the corresponding weeks of pregnancy,"Trimesters Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters, each lasting for approximately three months. The first trimester begins with the start of gestational age as described above, that is, the beginning of week 1, or 0 weeks + 0 days of gestational age (GA). It ends at week 12 (11 weeks + 6 days of GA) or end of week 14 (13 weeks + 6 days of GA). The second trimester is defined as starting, between the beginning of week 13 (12 weeks +0 days of GA) and beginning of week 15 (14 weeks + 0 days of GA). It ends at the end of week 27 (26 weeks + 6 days of GA) or end of week 28 (27 weeks + 6 days of GA). The third trimester is defined as starting, between the beginning of week 28 (27 weeks + 0 days of GA) or beginning of week 29 (28 weeks + 0 days of GA). It lasts until childbirth.","- First trimester is from 0-12 weeks - Second trimester is from 12-28 weeks - Third trimester is from 28 weeks until birth",summarization "are these seas or oceans? atlantic indian caspian red arabian pacific baltic yellow southern",,"seas: caspian, red, arabian, baltic, yellow, southern oceans: atlantic, indian, pacific",classification How many goals did Archie Thompson's team mates score?,"On 11 April 2001, the Australian and American Samoan national association football teams played each other in an Oceanian qualifying match for the 2002 FIFA World Cup. The match was played at the International Sports Stadium in Coffs Harbour, Australia. Australia set a world record for the largest victory in an international football match, winning the game 31–0. Australia's Archie Thompson also broke the record for most goals scored by a player in an international match by scoring 13 goals. David Zdrilic, the scorer of eight goals in the match, scored the second-highest number of goals in an international match since World War I.","Since Archie Thompson scored 13 goals, his teammates scored 18 goals",closed_qa "Classify the following hikes in terms of difficulty: Half dome in Yosemite, Mt Everest in Nepal, Mission Peak in California",,"Mt Everest is the toughest among the list based on scaling height of 28k feet and requires multiple days of hike, acclimatization at different altitudes, requires carrying oxygen tanks and heavy gear. Half-dome is also considered as a difficult hike but less tougher than Mt Everest. Half-dome can be done as a day-hike and is at 4k elevation gain from the Yosemite valley and with moderate fitness & stamina its possible to do. Mission Peak is considered a medium difficulty hike. It takes between 2-3 hours to scale Mission peak, it can be strenuous for people with health difficulties and less stamina.",classification "When completing a full distance triathlon for a personal best time, categorize the following as either ‘useful’, ‘not useful’, ‘dangerous’, or ‘neither’. A knife, pretzels, a bike helmet, a French horn, cowboy boots",,"A knife is sharp and is dangerous to run, bike, and swim with, therefore a knife is considered dangerous. Pretzels are a great example of quick digesting carbohydrates and salt (to avoid cramping) so pretzels are considered useful. A bike helmet is useful to ensure that the bike portion is completed safely. There is no use for a French horn in a triathlon, especially when you’re attempting to complete it in a personal best time, therefore it’s not useful. Lastly, cowboy boots have spurs on the back which could hurt during the bike, run, and swim therefore they’re considered dangerous.",classification What are 3 popular dishes that can feed a large group of people?,,Pizza is a popular dish that can be easily distributed. Hot dogs are also easy to make for a large group with the right equipment. Hamburgers are another common food when feeding a large crowd.,brainstorming Which is a species of fish? Panga or Pangea,,Panga,classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Steelpan, Krar",,"Krar is string, Steelpan is percussion.",classification How many stories is the Empire State Building?,,The Empire State Building is 102 stories,open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Cape Lion, Javan Rhino",,"Javan Rhino is alive, Cape Lion is extinct.",classification "Given these paragraphs about Large language models, what are relevant dimensions influencing the skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable?","A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks. Properties Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design. Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to ""memorize"" a great quantity of facts during training. Hallucinations Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence) In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a ""hallucination"" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data. Emergent abilities On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities. Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called ""emergent abilities"". Researchers note that such abilities ""cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models"". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs. Architecture and training Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or ""filling in the blanks"", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus. The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens. LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million. A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters). Application to downstream tasks Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via ""prompting"" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions. Fine-tuning Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning) Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be ""frozen"", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen). Prompting See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing) In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In ""few-shot prompting"", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows: Review: This movie stinks. Sentiment: negative Review: This movie is fantastic! Sentiment: If the model outputs ""positive"", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be ""The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is"". Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering. Instruction tuning Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt ""Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet."" might provide a completion such as ""A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17."" In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, ""self-instruct"", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model","The amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design.",closed_qa Why did House Targaryen leave Valyria?,,"Twelve years before Valyria was destroyed by the mysterious ""Doom,"" Aenar Targaryen's daughter, Daenys the Dreamer, had a prophetic vision of Valyria being destroyed, so he decided to take his family to Dragonstone.",open_qa "Classify the products based on the brand. Android, safari, chrome, iOS, Alexa, prime videos",,"Android, chrome - Google Safari, iOS - Apple Prime videos - Amazon",classification "Classify each of the following financial assets as either liquid or illiquid; checking accounts, savings accounts, certificate of deposits (CDs), Stocks, Bonds, mutual funds, Real estate investment trusts (REITs), Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), 401K, Investment Art, Physical Property.",,"Liquid assets are those assets that can be very quickly sold without significant loss in value. This demands a healthy a vibrant market (demand) for these assets the most relatable example being money. Given this definition assets like checking accounts, individual stocks, Exchange Traded Funds, Real estate Investment Trusts, and some types of highly popular short-term bonds are considered highly liquid. Selling these assets immediately and without loss on face value is trivial and non-restricted. Assets such as Mutual Funds which have restrictions on selling, Certificates of Deposits which tie your money up for a length of time, Investment Art, and Physical Property are often considered illiquid as it is either not allowed by contract or there simply isn't enough interest in a market to be able to sell these assets in a timely fashion and without loss of value.",classification "Which is a bird or fish: Blackcap, Black swallower",,"Black swallower is a fish, Blackcap is a bird",classification What is the origin of Flamenco?,,"Flamenco is a form of dance and music commonly associated with the Andalusian Roma community of southern Spain. The roots of flamenco are believed to lie in the Roma migration from Rajasthan, a state in west India, to Spain between the 9th and 14th centuries.",open_qa Name different kinds of cheese,,"mozzarella, cheddar, gorgonzola, swiss, bleu, provolone, gouda, pepper jack, parmesan, cottage, asiago, brie, devil's gulch, ricotta, Gruyère, stilton, feta, & havarti",open_qa Give me a route based on 3 national parks that I can visit on a road trip from Salt Lake City,,"Arches National Park, Canyonlands National Park, Bryce National Park",brainstorming Why are dogs called dogs?,,"About seven centuries ago, the word hound, which came from the Old English hund, was the word for all domestic canines. Dog was just used to refer to a subgroup of hounds that includes the lovely but frequently slobbering mastiff. Of course, the opposite is now true. We use dog to talk about all of man’s best friends, from lovable golden retrievers to panting chow chows. And hound is now used to indicate a type of dog used just for hunting. Hound especially refers to a dog with a long face and large, droopy ears. Linguists still speculate about the reversal of fortune for hound and dog. One idea suggests that the sub-breed known as dogs became so populous that dog simply became the generic term (sort of an animal equivalent of the way brand names can become so ubiquitous that they start to be used as a general term for their purpose).",open_qa Give me a list of herbs I can plant in my garden,,"Mint, Thyme, Basil, Cilantro, Parsley, Tarragon, Oregano",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kirikoketa, Ichigenkin",,"Ichigenkin is string, Kirikoketa is percussion.",classification "Write a story where a princess discovers an abandon cave. The story should have a beginning, middle and end.",,"Once upon a time there was a princess who was the most beautiful and lovely in all of the land. She was so beautiful and kind in fact that many were jealous of her. This jealousy grew as she became more and more beautiful and kin with each passing day. There was one person who was the most jealous of all. Her name was Hilda. She lived outside of town in an abandon shack. It was rumored she had magical powers that she would use for evil. One day she decided to user her magic trap the princess. One day the princess was was walking in the forest and came upon a small cave. She hadn't noticed this cave before as this was her favorite area to explore. She was surprised to see it but also quite happy as she loved to find new things on her long walks. She could see something sparkling inside the cave. She was drawn to the pretty colors and what looked like gold and silver. She crawled into the cave, however when she did so she saw had been tricked and the cage with the gold and silver was just an illusion. She had actually walked into a giant cage. Hilda had tricked her! She began to cry for she did not know how she would get out of this situation. Days passed and the princess was becoming very worried and sad that no one would ever find her. Luckily, there was a friendly troll who lived in a neighboring part of the forest. One day he was out gathering mushrooms for his dinner that night when he heard a small whimpering coming from Hilda's home. He looked in the window and saw the princess. He gasped in disbelief. He decided he had to come up with a plan to save her. He was very knowledgeable about plans in the forest and their secret powers. He knew of certain mushrooms that could cast a spell on a person and make them very drowsy. He decided he would slip one of these in Hilda's food so she would fall asleep and he could free the princess. The next day while Hilda was taking a bath, he snuck into the house and dropped some of the mushrooms into the soup she was brewing on the stove. he quickly went outside to then hide in the bushes and watch to see what would happen. Hilda came out after taking her bath and getting ready. She laughed as she saw the sad princess in her cage. She then began to pour herself a little bowl of soup for breakfast. After taking a few sips she began to feel very very sleepy. She decided she must lay down at once. It had worked! The troll was delighted and quickly entered the house. However, he realized once inside that he did not know where the key was to the cage! The princess whispered that Hilda often kept it in her pocket. ""Oh no!"" he thought. He hadn't thought this through and if he reached into Hilda's pocket he ran the risk of waking her up at which point she would surely cast a spell on him and he and the princess would be doomed. He crept quietly toward her. Her pockets were covered by her arms. He lifted one gently. She snored a bit and turned over. It scared him but she seemed to still be asleep. he tried again. This time being more quiet. He was able to get the key out. Success! He quickly went over to the cage and was able to free the princess! She returned home to her village and told everyone what a hero the Troll was. The Troll ended up opening a shop in the town where he sold his magic mushrooms.",creative_writing "Which of these foods are from North and South of India: Chicken Tikka, Chole Samosa, Chole Batura, Idli Sambar, Dosa, Upama, Tamarind Rice",,"Chicken Tikka, Chole Samosa, Chole Batura are North Indian Foods. Idli Sambar, Dosa, Upama, Tamarind Rice are from South of India.",classification "Of the cities listed, which was furthest from the station?","In 1899 the Great Central Railway completed its main line to London through the southernmost part of the parish. The nearest station was Finmere for Buckingham, which was just over the Oxfordshire county boundary on the main road between Buckingham and Bicester and only 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) from Barton Hartshorn. The station was 5 miles (8 km) from Buckingham, more than 1 mile (1.6 km) from Finmere and was actually in Shelswell parish next to the village of Newton Purcell. In about 1922 the Great Central renamed the station Finmere. British Railways closed the station in 1963 and the line in 1966.","Buckingham city was the furthest, 5 miles from the station.",closed_qa "Classify each of these as a red fruit or an orange fruit: strawberry, cherry, orange, kumquat, tangerine, raspberry",,"Red fruit: strawberry, cherry, raspberry Orange fruit: Orange, kumquat, tangerine",classification What is the tallest structure in the Western Hemisphere?,,"The CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario, Canada is the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere. It was completed in 1976, and was the tallest structure in the world from 1975 until 2007, when it was surpassed by the Burj Khalifa.",open_qa Is Rosebud a battlefield,,"Rosebud Battlefield State Park in Big Horn County, Montana preserves a large portion of the battlefield of the Battle of the Rosebud, fought on June 17, 1876. The battle is known by various other names such as The Battle Where the Girl Saved Her Brother by the Northern Cheyenne, and Crook's Fight on the Rosebud. A National Historic Landmark, the park is a day use facility offering hiking, hunting, picnicking and wildlife viewing. It is located 11 miles (18 km) south of Kirby, Montana on Montana Highway 314.",open_qa "Classify the animals based on their food habits into Herbivores or Carnivores. Jackal, Hyena, Zebra, Giraffe",,"Herbivores - Zebra, Giraffe Carnivores. - Jackal, Hyena",classification Think up a comma separated list of tropical fruits,,"Mangos, Pineapples, Coconuts, Papayas, Guavas, Pitayas, Kiwis, Passionfruits, Bananas",brainstorming What is dry ice?,,Dry Ice is frozen carbon dioxide that turns into a gas when defrosts.,open_qa "When using adjectives to describe the size of something, divide the following words into 'big' and 'small' categories. Tiny, huge, minuscule, little, gigantic, enormous and microscopic.",,"Huge, gigantic and enormous are all adjectives describing something that is 'big'. Tiny, minuscule, little and microscopic are adjectives describing something that is 'small'.",classification "Classify the following as either dark-colored beers or light colored beers: porter, pilsner, stout, amber, lager",,"Dark-colored beers: porter, stout, amber Light-colored beers: pilsner, lager",classification "Tell me whether these are found at the beach or on a mountains: ocean, ski resort, chair lift, shell, seaweed, hiking trail",,"Ocean: Beach Ski Resort: Mountain Chair Lift: Mountain Shell: Beach Seaweed: Beach Hiking Trail: Mountain",classification "Classify the following countries by area as large, medium, small: russia, china, switzerland, egypt, indonesia, argentina, netherlands, south africa, iran, san marino, togo, canada",,"Large: russia, china, canada Medium: egypt, indonesia, argentina, south africa, iran Small: switzerland, san marino, togo",classification Change this sentence to present tense,"John Watson was an early American painter, born in Scotland.","John Watson is an early American painter, born in Scotland.",information_extraction "Tell me whether matches in each sport is usually played individually or on a team: baseball, golf, tennis, wrestling, hockey",,"Baseball: Team Golf: Individually Tennis: Individually Wrestling: Individually Hockey: Team",classification "When thinking about ways to describe communications, which of these adjectives describes verbosity, and which describe communication which is concise. Wordy, succinct, prattling, effusive, abridged, babbling.",,"Wordy, prattling, effusive and babbling are adjectives used to describe verbose communication. Succinct and abridged are adjectives describing concise communication.",classification What is economics?,,"Economics is the study of the ALLOCATION of SCARCE resources to meet UNLIMITED human wants.",open_qa What are the fanciest places to live in San Diego?,,"1. Rancho Sante Fe 2. Carlsbad 3. Encinitas 4. Del Mar 5. La Jolla 6. Point Loma 7. Mission Hills 8. Mt Helix",brainstorming "Tell me whether these styles are related to facial hair or head hair: mohawk, buzz cut, goatee, soul patch, mustache, chin strap, bowl cut",,"Mohawk: Head Hair Buzz Cut: Head Hair Goatee: Facial Hair Soul Patch: Facial Hair Mustache: Facial Hair Chin Strap: Facial Hair Bowl Cut: Head Hair",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Sand blocks, Gadulka",,"Gadulka is string, Sand blocks is percussion.",classification Is Star Wars Science Fiction or Fantasy?,,"While Star Wars is considered science fiction by the general public, most sci-fi and fantasy fans would classify Star Wars in the fantasy genre. The themes of the story rely on mythology and the hero's journey as opposed to exploration of scientific and philosophical concepts.",brainstorming "Based on this paragraph about the early career of John C. Young (pastor), after the resignation of which whom was Young offered the presidency of Centre College in Danville, Kentucky?","After he received a license to preach from the Presbytery of New York on March 7, 1827, Young's career in the ministry began following his graduation from Princeton. In 1828, he moved to Lexington, Kentucky, where he was appointed to the pastorate of McChord Presbyterian Church (now Second Presbyterian Church), founded in 1815 by James McChord, who was later elected as the first president of Centre College in Danville, Kentucky. Centre's presidency became vacant in October 1830 when Gideon Blackburn resigned the office. At the recommendation of Archibald Alexander, principal of Princeton Theological Seminary, the college's trustees offered Young the position in a unanimous vote. He accepted and was inaugurated as the fourth president of Centre College on November 18, 1830, at the age of 27.",Gideon Blackburn,closed_qa Give me a list of great computer games,,"Sure, I will list a few great computer games, but be aware that there are many great computer games way more than what I can list here. - Elden Ring - World of Warcraft - Hogwarts Legacy - Hearthstone - Minecraft - Civilization - Dota - Cities: Skylines",brainstorming "Who are some of the most famous weird fiction authors, who wrote in the early 20th century, aside from H. P. Lovecraft? And what is a good short story from each that I might like, if I like H. P. Lovecraft?",,"Some well-regarded weird fiction authors from the early 20th century include Arthur Machen (""The White People""), Clark Ashton Smith (""The Vaults of Yoh-Vombis""), and Robert W. Chambers (""The Repairer of Reputations"").",brainstorming Give me a list of pets that require low maintenance.,,"Owning a pet indeed requires certain energy and commitment. Following is a list of pets that have low maintenance based for experiences from various owners. - Goldfish or other similar size fishes. - Hamsters - Guinea pigs - Birds - Cats. Contrary to popular belief, cats are very self-sufficient pets. If proper food is on their plate and a favourite resting place, one doesn't generally feel their presence. However, they are hard to ignore.",brainstorming What is Depreciation,,"Depreciation is the drop in value of an asset due to wear and tear, age and obsolescence (going out of date) as recorded in an organization's financial records.",open_qa Name some active NBA famous players,,"Some active NBA famous players are Lebron James, Luka Doncic, Joel Embiid, Nikola Jokic , Kawhi Leonard, Zion Williamson, Kevin Durant",open_qa Is social media good for you ?,,"There are conflicting views on the impact of social media. On the positive end, social media has enabled stronger connections between humans, democratized media creation and access and become a source of entertainment for millions around the world. On the negative end, it has fostered division between people with differing opinions, used as a means to spread misinformation, contributed to self-esteem issues stemming from mischaracterization of life and contributed towards productivity loss. In summary, it is safe to conclude that the benefits of social media outdo its negative impact.",creative_writing Why should people convert lawns and ornamental gardens to native plants?,,"Who doesn’t love butterflies? They are a beautiful symbol of innocence. But have you noticed there are fewer and fewer every year? When I was a kid, you couldn’t take a trip without getting some butterflies on the windshield of your car. So why are there so few and what does it mean? One of the main reasons is the use of pesticides and herbicides. These chemicals are indiscriminate killers. And they knock the whole ecosystem out of balance. In my yard, I have seen how a little patience will put things back into balance. I had aphids, but slowly noticed aphid predators solving the problem. I had flies due to my chicken coop, but over a few weeks I saw Swallows and Phoebes move in to take advantage of the food source. The other reason we see fewer butterflies is food for caterpillars. Most butterflies and moths (or butterflies of the night as I like to call them) need a particular plant to host their caterpillars. For Monarch butterflies, it is Milkweed (Asclepias), which is an unfortunate name for a beautiful plant. For Pipevine Swallowtails, it is Pipevine (Aristolochia). Without these plants, caterpillars have no source of food. And as cities and suburbs become paved over, there is no place for these once abundant plants to grow. As we look at our own yards, they contain beautiful plants that are imported from other places. But to a butterfly, our yards seem like deserts. Even plants like bottlebrush, which attract a lot of insects for nectar, provide no food for native baby insects. It’s kind of like having a bar for the adults to drink at, but no food to nourish their children so they can grow to be adults too. But Doug Tallamy, an entomologist from University of Delaware, says we can help. By putting some native plants in our yards, we can provide the food to bring back butterflies. As we prepared to redo our garden from evergreen ornamentals, to an English cottage/cut flower garden, something happened. We saw Doug Tallamy speak on a CNPS Silicon Valley Zoom Meeting. And we realized we had to change our direction, and begin gardening with natives. As we look at our garden, the key is that we are just beginning… It is a grand experiment to see what works where. And already the garden is talking to us. The blue eyed grass has jumped the paved walkway to another part of the garden! We expect more movement and magic in the future. Here are some of our thoughts on our garden. Blessings… Having a giant oak tree in our yard and creek behind us have certainly given us a leg up in terms of food and wildlife access to our yard. Downside… Lots of shade. Only two, maybe three spots in our garden that get good sun. So, we troll through Calscape looking for plants that will tolerate shade. (If you haven't met Calscape you are in for a treat. I hope you live in California though...). Goal… As Talamites, we believe in feeding the ecosystem, which starts with caterpillar farming. So how has that worked out? Well, we’ve only seen one or two caterpillars so far. Sigh. It’s all an experiment… Biggest impact… Leaving the leaves the past year. We can already see the soil improving, and everytime we water we see lots of insects rising up out of the litter. So it is happening. Slowly… So we continue to replace non-natives with natives. Last weekend we took out Sarcococca and Pierris Japonicas and replaced them with Coffeeberry (Frangula Californica). This weekend we removed two maple trees and replaced them with Bush Anemone (Carpenteria Californica). And next weekend we are going to replace our box hedge with Coyote Brush (Baccharis pilularis). Besides the bugs, we've seen lots of other great wildlife in our yard. A new nest of baby squirrels is born in the tree every year. And this year we were surprised by 3 baby raccoons moving into the tree (it is largely hollow). They are sweet shy and adorable. We've enjoyed watching them come out and scour the tree every night for food.",creative_writing Name some famous jazz songs?,,"""Take Five"" by Dave Brubeck, ""So What"" by Miles Davis, ""Take The A Train"" by Duke Ellington, ""Round Midnight"" by Thelonious Monk and ""My Favorite Things"" by John Coltrane are all considered to be very famous jazz songs.",open_qa What is the origin of Hello ?,,"According to the Oxford English Dictionary, hello is an alteration of hallo, hollo, which came from Old High German ""halâ, holâ, emphatic imperative of halôn, holôn to fetch, used especially in hailing a ferryman"". It also connects the development of hello to the influence of an earlier form, holla, whose origin is in the French holà (roughly, 'whoa there!', from French là 'there')",classification List of greek goddesses starting by 'L':,,"Here is the list of greek goddesses starting by 'L': - Lampad - Lampetia - Lampsace - Lethe - Leto - Libya - Limos - Litae - Lyssa",brainstorming What kind of species is the Epophthalmia,,Epophthalmia a genus of dragonflies in the family Macromiidae.,open_qa "Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Abarth, Buick",,"Buick is American, Abarth is Italian",classification "Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Ferrari, GMC",,"GMC is American, Ferrari is Italian",classification Who were supporters of Quit India movement?,"The Quit India Movement, also known as the Bharat Chhodo Andolan, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8th August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British rule in India. After the British failed to secure Indian support for the British war effort with Cripps Mission, Gandhi made a call to Do or Die in his Quit India movement delivered in Bombay on 8 August 1942 at the Gowalia Tank Maidan. Viceroy Linlithgow remarked the movement to be ""by far the most serious rebellion since 1857"". The All India Congress Committee launched a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called ""An Orderly British Withdrawal"" from India. Even though it was at war, the British were prepared to act. Almost the entire leadership of the Indian National Congress was imprisoned without trial within hours of Gandhi's speech. Most spent the rest of the war in prison and out of contact with the masses. The British had the support of the Viceroy's Council, of the All India Muslim League, the Hindu Mahasabha, the princely states, the Indian Imperial Police, the British Indian Army, and the Indian Civil Service. Many Indian businessmen profiting from heavy wartime spending did not support the Quit India Movement. The major outside support came from the Americans, as President Franklin D. Roosevelt pressured Prime Minister Winston Churchill to give in to some of the Indian demands. Various violent incidents took place around the country against the British regime. The British arrested tens of thousands of leaders, keeping them imprisoned until 1945. Ultimately, the British government realised that India was ungovernable in the long run, and the question for the postwar era became how to exit gracefully and peacefully.","Indian National Congress American president Franklin D Roosevelt",closed_qa "Which of these are cities and which are countries: Paris, Argentina, Mountain View, Singapore, America, Cape Town",,"Paris, Mountain View and Cape Town are cities. Argentina and America are countries. Singapore is the name of both a city and a country.",classification "What does this mean: ""Steady-state theory""?",,"In cosmology, the steady-state model, or steady state theory, is an alternative to the Big Bang theory of the evolution of the universe. In the steady-state model, the density of matter in an expanding universe stays the same because matter is always being made. This fits with the perfect cosmological principle, which says that the universe we can see is pretty much the same everywhere and at any time. Problems with the steady-state model began to emerge in the 1950s and 60s, when observations began to support the idea that the universe was in fact changing: bright radio sources (quasars and radio galaxies) were found only at large distances (therefore could have existed only in the distant past due to the effects of the speed of light on astronomy), not in closer galaxies. The discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1964, which the Big Bang theory had predicted, provided the majority of cosmologists with a conclusive challenge to the steady-state model.",open_qa What is the largest city in the world?,"A city can be defined by its administrative boundaries, otherwise known as city proper. UNICEF defines city proper as, ""the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city or controlled directly from the city by a single authority."" A city proper is a locality defined according to legal or political boundaries and an administratively recognised urban status that is usually characterised by some form of local government. Cities proper and their boundaries and population data may not include suburbs. The use of city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of the population working or studying in the city lives. Because of this definition, the city proper population figure may differ greatly with the urban area population figure, as many cities are amalgamations of smaller municipalities (Australia), and conversely, many Chinese cities govern territories that extend well beyond the traditional ""city proper"" into suburban and rural areas. The Chinese municipality of Chongqing, which claims the largest city proper in the world by population, comprises a huge administrative area of 82,403 km2, around the size of Austria. However, more than 70% of its 30-million population are actually agricultural workers living in a rural setting.","ChoingQing, China is the largest city proper in the world by population. It has a huge administrative area of 82403 km2. While, it governs territories that covers both suburban and rural areas, which extend well beyond the traditional city proper.",closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tambourine, Esraj",,"Esraj is string, Tambourine is percussion.",classification What is the size of the Eiffel Tower?,,The Eiffel Tower is 330 meters high.,open_qa Is a hotdog a sandwich?,,"That’s a tricky question because most people would consider a hotdog to not be a sandwich; however, if a sandwich is considered to be meat between two pieces of bread, then it is a sandwich. There are several counter points to this argument. A burrito is usually not considered a sandwich but is very similar to a hotdog. An ice cream sandwich is called a sandwich but has no meat.",brainstorming "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Opabinia, Dugong",,"Dugong is alive, Opabinia is extinct.",classification Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name},"Toledo (Latin: Toletum) is mentioned by the Roman historian Livy (ca. 59 BCE – 17 CE) as urbs parva, sed loco munita (""a small city, but fortified by location""). Roman general Marcus Fulvius Nobilior fought a battle near the city in 193 BCE against a confederation of Celtic tribes; defeating them and capturing a king called Hilermus. At that time, Toletum was a city of the Carpetani tribe, and part of the region of Carpetania. It was incorporated into the Roman Empire as a civitas stipendiaria, (a tributary city of non-citizens) and later a municipium. With this status, city officials obtained Roman citizenship for public service, and the forms of Roman law and politics were increasingly adopted. At approximately this time, a Roman circus, city walls, public baths, and a municipal water supply and storage system were constructed in Toletum.","• Livy • Marcus Fulvius Nobilior • Hilermus",information_extraction "Classify these US cities into states that they are in. Jersey City, Buffalo, Schenectady, Newark, Yonkers, Hoboken",,"New Jersey - Jersey City, Newark, Hoboken New York - Buffalo, Schenectady, Yonkers",classification "What are five totally distinct, creative ways to describe the usefulness of the police?",,"1. The police serve as a ""watchful guardian"" to keep us safe. 2. The police are a ""protector of the law"" who protects us from harm. 3. The police are an ""impartial enforcer"" of the law. 4. The police are an ""intermediary of justice"" who helps us get justice. 5. The police are a ""counselor of the law"" who helps us understand the law.",brainstorming "Classify each of the following as flammable or non-flammable: coal, wood, newspaper, water, glass",,"Coal: Flammable Wood: Flammable Newspaper: Flammable Water: Non-flammable Glass: Non-flammable",classification What are some recommendations for US national parks to visit?,,"1. Yosemite National Park 2. Yellowstone National Park 3. Zion National Park 4. Bryce Canyon National Park 5. Glacier National Park",brainstorming Who was injured or killed and in what ways in the accidents?,"1947: Two plane crashes in a 24-hour period, one with fatalities. Two people were killed as the result of a mid-air collision between two planes over the airfield. The accident occurred when William Gleason Sauerwein of Falls Church took off from the field in an Aeronca Champion at the same time that F.H. Kirchman, 48, of Vienna, Virginia, was attempting to land while flying a Stinson 105. Both Kirchman and his passenger, Agnes Louise Brady, 47, of Arlington, Virginia, were killed in the accident. Sauerwein was taken to Arlington County hospital with head injuries and a broken leg. Witnesses said that the accident occurred at 7pm when the Stinson cut into the tail of the Aeronca while the planes were approximately 75 feet off the ground. The next day, a second crash occurred when a Funk cabin airplane lost power shortly after takeoff. The pilot, Margaret Vaughn, of Washington, D.C., suffered severe head and leg injuries when the plane crashed into a wooded area about two miles west of the airport, near Gallows Road in Fairfax County. Vaughn was an experienced pilot and was a Link trainer instructor for the Civil Aeronautics Authority. The next day, the Civil Aeronautics Board announced they were conducting a ""full inquiry"" into the cause of the two crashes. The investigators were specifically concerned with the quality of the gasoline being dispensed at the airport and took samples from Vaughn's aircraft at the scene of the crash.",F.H. Kirchman and his passenger Agnes Louise Brady was also killed. William Gleason Sauerwein had a broken leg and head injuries. Margaret Vaughn had severe head and leg injuries.,closed_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Puertasaurus, Southern rockhopper penguin",,"Southern rockhopper penguin is alive, Puertasaurus is extinct.",classification Give me a bulleted list of the the first five books in the bible new testament?,,"The New Testament is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christianity. The first five books of the new testament are 1) The Gospel of Matthew - It is one of the four gospels of the New Testament that tell the story of Jesus' life and teachings. 2 The Gospel of Mark - It tells of the ministry of Jesus from his baptism by John the Baptist to his death, burial, and the discovery of his empty tomb. It portrays Jesus as a teacher, an exorcist, a healer, and a miracle worker, though it does not expound upon the miraculous birth or divine pre-existence. 3) The Gospel of Luke - tells of the origins, birth, ministry, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus Christ. 4) The Gospel of John - It contains a highly schematic account of the ministry of Jesus, with seven ""signs"" culminating in the raising of Lazarus and seven ""I am"" discourses culminating in Thomas' proclamation of the risen Jesus as ""my Lord and my God"". The gospel's concluding verses set out its purpose, ""that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in his name 5) Acts of the Apostles - is an attempt to answer a theological problem, namely how the Messiah, promised to the Jews, came to have an overwhelmingly non-Jewish church; the answer it provides, and its central theme, is that the message of Christ was sent to the Gentiles because the Jews rejected it",brainstorming What’s the difference between Delta Live Tables and Workflows?,,"These are some of the main differences between Delta Live Tables and Workflows: - Workflows is complementary to Delta Live Tables - Workflows is a control flow that allows end-to-end orchestration of tasks that might include one or more DLT Pipelines. - A workflow consists of one or more tasks, which could be a Spark job, a DLT Pipeline, an ML job, some random python code, etc. - DLT Pipelines is a data flow. You declare your data transformations, and Live Tables takes care of actually running your pipeline for you.",open_qa Think up of a bunch of different gifts you could give a teacher,,"An apple, a box of pencils, a giftcard, a card, a chocolate bar, school supplies, books",brainstorming "Classify each of the following as mainstream media or social media: Twitter, Reddit, CNN, MSNBC, Instagram, Fox News",,"Twitter: Social Media Reddit: Social Media CNN: Mainstream Media MSNBC: Mainstream Media Instagram: Social Media Fox News: Mainstream Media",classification What are the words of House Karstark?,,"""The Sun of Winter""",open_qa Give me a list of good psychedelic rock bands that I'd like,,"- Tame Impala - Pond - Kikagaku Moyo - Unknown Mortal Orchestra - King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard - Pink Floyd - The Doors - Grateful Dead - The Flaming Lips - The Beatles - Post Animal - The Who",brainstorming What is Sleet?,,"Sleet occurs when snowflakes only partially melt when they fall through a shallow layer of warm air. These slushy drops refreeze as they next fall through a deep layer of freezing air above the surface, and eventually reach the ground as frozen rain drops that bounce on impact. Depending on the intensity and duration, sleet can accumulate on the ground much like snow.",open_qa "Name some recurring villains on the TV show ""The X-Files.""",,"Victor Eugene Tooms, Donald Pfaster, Alex Krycek, The Cigarette Smoking Man, members of The Syndicate",open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Stupendemys, Gray Whale",,"Gray Whale is alive, Stupendemys is extinct.",classification How many times did Barton switch parties?,"Barton switched parties three times in his political life. He was first elected as a Democratic-Republican; he then switched to an Adams Democrat for his re-election in 1825. When he ran for the Senate again in 1830 he switched to being an Anti-Jacksonian candidate. In the Senate, he served as chairman of the committee on public lands. He was a member of the Missouri State Senate in 1834–1835.",Three times,information_extraction What is an Angul Thermal Power Station,,"Angul Thermal Power Station is a coal based thermal power project located at Derang village in Angul district in Indian state of Odisha. The power plant is one of the coal based power plants of Jindal India Thermal Power Limited. Coal for the power plant is sourced from Mahanadi Coalfields Limited and water is sourced from Samal Barrage on Brahmani River which is 14 km away. Bharat Heavy Electricals is the EPC contractor for this project.",open_qa Tell me who the first three countries to give women the vote were. Give it to me in a bulleted list.,,"The first three countries to grant the right of women to an equal vote were: - New Zealand (1893) - Australia (1902) - Finland (1906)",brainstorming Give me a bulleted list of ways to get around New York City.,,"The following is a bulleted list of ways to get around New York City: - The New York City Subway - A taxi cab - Walking - A rideshare car service such as Uber or Lyft - A rideshare moped service such as Revel - New York City's public buses - New York City's ferry service - A rideshare bicycle such as Citibike - Driving your personal vehicle - Riding your personal bicycle - Rollerblading or roller-skating - Taking a pedicab - Taking a scooter",brainstorming Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name},"The 56.5 acres (22.9 ha) park is an example of a Depression Era public works project that was constructed between 1936 and 1938 by the Works Progress Administration (WPA). James Depew Edmundson, an Iowa attorney who grew up in Oskaloosa, gave a $20,000 bequest to the city to establish a park. City engineer Don Russell saw the New Deal program as an opportunity to add value to the project. The park is the work of landscape architect Ray F. Wyrick. Its structures were designed in the rustic style that was promoted by the National Park Service between 1916 and 1942 for parks supported by all levels of government.","• James Depew Edmundson • Don Russell • Ray F. Wyrick",information_extraction "Classify each of the following as cylindrical or spherical: Earth, baseball, pipe, tube, soda can, basketball",,"Earth: Spherical Baseball: Spherical Pipe: Cylindrical Tube: Cylindrical Soda Can: Cylindrical Basketball: Spherical",classification What is the best place to go downhill mountain biking,,"Downhill mountain biking is a sport that you typically would practice in an area that is also used as a ski resort in the winter. No all ski resort are suitable and developed to be great mountain bike location. The name of those mountain bike resorts are bike parks. Some of the most famous ones are Whistler, Châtel, Fort William, Vallnord, Val Di Sole. Sometimes, you can find a bike park in smaller size mountains where there are no ski resorts. Those are typically are in hilly regions like Wales.",open_qa "Classify the movies based on whether they were released in 2001 or 2002. Albela, Lagaan, Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham, Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam, Devdas, Na Tum Jaano Na Hum",,"2001 : Albela, Lagaan, Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham 2002 : Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam, Devdas, Na Tum Jaano Na Hum",classification "Tell me whether these are names of soft drinks or coffee: Starbucks, Peet's, Blue Bottle, Coca-Cola, Sprite, Canada Dry, Pepsi",,"Starbucks is a brand of coffee Peet's is a brand of coffee Blue Bottle is a brand of coffee Coca-Cola is a soft drink Sprite is a soft drink Canada Dry is a soft drink Pepsi is a soft drink",classification "Tell me whether these are states or cities: Massachusetts, Denver, Wyoming, Los Angeles, Miami, and Alabama.",,"Massachusetts, Wyoming, and Alabama are all states in the United States of America. Massachusetts is in the northeast, Wyoming is in the west, and Alabama is in the southeastern part of the county. Denver, Los Angeles, and Miami are all cities. Denver is in Colorado, Los Angeles in California, and Miami in Florida.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Djembe, Dotar",,"Dotar is string, Djembe is percussion.",classification "Identify which of the following are episodes from Season 4 or Season 5 of The X-Files: Schizogeny, Chinga, The Post-Modern Prometheus, Mind's Eye, All Souls, Herrenvolk, Unruhe, Teliko, Home, Tunguska",,"Season 4: Herrenvolk, Unruhe, Teliko, Home, Tunguska Season 5: Schizogeny, Chinga, The Post-Modern Prometheus, Mind's Eye, All Souls",classification "Classify each of the following as either birds or mammals: Eagle, Bear, Deer, Finch, Owl, Cat, Dog, Rat, Human, Whale, Raven",,"From the list that you provided: Eagle, Finch, Owl, Raven are birds. The rest of the list: Bear, Deer, Cat, Dog, Rat, Human, and Whal are all mammals.",classification Who are the most famous athletes in Seattle sports history?,,"Seattle sports are relatively young with Seattle only gaining franchises in the 1970s in the NBA, NFL and MLB. The most famous athletes include Ken Griffey Jr (MLB), Ichiro Suzuki (MLB), Russell Wilson, Marshan Lynch & Steve Largent (NFL) and Gary Payton, Shawn Kemp and Kevin Durant (NBA)",open_qa "When talking about paint colours, which one of these colours is considered ""cold"", ""warm"" or ""both"". Both meaning the way the colour is perceived depends on the colours surrounding it. Yellow, Yellow-Orange, Orange, Red-Orange, Red, Red-Violet, Violet, Blue-Violet, Blue, Blue-Green, Green, Yellow-Green",,"Warm: Yellow, Yellow-Orange, Orange, Red-Orange, Red Cold: Violet, Blue-Violet, Blue, Blue-Green, Green Both: Red-Violet, Yellow-Green",classification "Classify each of the following as an ""Indoor Activity"" or an ""Outdoor Activity"": Hiking, Watching TV, Cooking, Surfing, Gardening",,"Hiking: Outdoor Activity Watching TV: Indoor Activity Cooking: Indoor Activity Surfing: Outdoor Activity Gardening: Outdoor Activity",classification "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Cave Bear, Saola",,"Saola is alive, Cave Bear is extinct.",classification Imagine you met an alien last night and write about this in your diary,,"Dear Diary, It was just past midnight when I suddenly heard a loud thump in the backyard yesterday. I mustered some courage to ensure the doors and windows are locked. But I saw something very bright, which made it difficult to stare at it, and then suddenly the lights faded and I saw an alien. I did pinch myself twice to ensure this wasn’t a dream. But then I realised it was not a dream when it was trying to figure out ways to get water from a pipe fixed to a tap and some of it splashed over me. And without my realisation, I was screaming at the top of my voice. Soon my mom came and I was about to explain to her what happened but there was no trace of the alien. Everyone tried to convince me it was a dream, but then I saw my shirt was still a bit wet from the water that had splashed. Regards, XYZ",creative_writing Provide a table of the various recruiting lists that Calvin Johnson was named to and who named him to the list and do it in CSV format,"Johnson was rated among the nation's top 10 wide receivers and top 100 players by virtually every recruiting analyst. He was tabbed the No. 4 wide receiver and No. 15 player in the nation by TheInsiders.com, and named to the Super Southern 100 by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, the Rivals 100 by Rivals.com, TheInsiders.com Hot 100, the SuperPrep All-America 275, and the Prep Star Top 100 Dream Team. Johnson was also rated as the best player in Georgia, No. 12 in the Southeast and No. 37 in the nation by Rivals.com, the No. 7 wide receiver in the nation by SuperPrep, and first-team all-state selection (Class AAAA) by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Finally, he was tabbed to the AJC's preseason Super 11. By the time he was a junior, he was ranked as within the top 10 wide receivers and the top 100 players in the nation by almost every writer.","Sure, here is text in a CSV format of the various recruiting lists that Calvin Johnson was named to and who named him to the list: List name,List owner Super Southern 100,Atlanta Journal-Constitution the Rivals 100,Rivals.com TheInsiders.com Hot 100,TheInsiders.com the SuperPrep All-America 275,SuperPrep Prep Star Top 100 Dream Team,Prep Star",information_extraction What is the difference between income tax and capital gains tax in the USA?,,Income tax are taxes levied on earned income from employment. Capital gains taxes are levied on gains made from investment sales.,open_qa Write a haiku about fall leaves. Follow the syllabic rules of haiku exactly. Exploit the double meaning of the word fall.,,"Green becomes amber Vibrancy of life, dying Plunge into the fall",creative_writing "Which of the following are real vs. mythical animals: dove, unicorn, Komodo dragon, Sasquatch, cockatrice, snipe",,"Real: dove, Komodo dragon, snipe Mythical: unicorn, Sasquatch, cockatrice Note that asking someone to go on a 'snipe hunt' to trick them into searching for something that does not exist. So 'snipe' in this context is something that is not real, but there is in fact a real snipe family of birds",classification "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Nuralagus, Black Spider Monkey",,"Black Spider Monkey is alive, Nuralagus is extinct.",classification "Classify each of the following as either a city or a country: venice, rome, venezuela, vatican city, india, brazil, mexico city, mexico, NYC, china, taiwan, london",,"Cities:venice, rome,mexico city,NYC,london Countries: venezuela, vatican city, india, brazil,china, taiwan",classification Write a story about an ice fishing trip in Minnesota. Make sure to include what you need for a successful trip.,,"Ah, winter! It’s time to put on your long underwear. Slip in some wool socks and a sweater. Climb into your snowpants. Pull down your stocking cap. Grab your fi shing rod and bait bucket. There’s ice on the lake, and it’s the season to enjoy a true Minnesota adventure, —ice fishing. Don’t worry about getting cold or bored on a frozen lake. Ice fishing is both easy and exciting. It’s fun to hike across the ice imagining hungry sunnies or walleyes lurking below. It’s an adventure to hang out around an ice hole with friends and family, telling stories and holding a funny looking fishing rod as you wait for a bite. And it’s thrilling when your bobber suddenly vanishes down the hole, and you pull a slippery fish from the water with a splash. So grab a grown-up, a Thermos of hot cocoa, and get ready for an ice fishing adventure. Start with a visit to your local bait store or DNR Fisheries office. Folks there can tell you in which lakes the fish are biting and where you can get onto the lake. They can also tell you where the ice is most likely to be OK. Wind, warm weather, underwater springs, and currents can all make ice unsafe. Ice must be at least 4 inches thick before you walk on it. (See Be Safe, page 45.) Once you know the ice is thick enough, you can go find a fishing spot. Here are three ways to look: § If you know where fish hang out in summer, go there. Fish usually go to the same places in winter. § Pick up a lake map at the bait shop or DNR and look for shallow areas or drop-offs (where the bottom gets deep quickly). Fish are more likely to be there. § Look for anglers congregated at the best fishing holes. Ask if you can fish near them. (It’s not polite to drill holes too close to other anglers.) If the fish aren’t biting in one spot, try another. You can use a regular reel, or some anglers use a device called a tip-up instead. A tipup has two sticks. One lies across the hole. The other points down into the hole and has a spool with line. When a fish takes your bait, a flag springs up from the stick across the hole. Then you pull the fish up with the line. Tip-ups are fun because you can watch them while reading a book or tossing a Frisbee. 1. Cut a Hole. a. To catch fish through the ice, you must first drill a hole. To drill a hole, ice anglers use a tool called an auger, which looks like a giant screw with a sharp blade on the end. Another handy tool is a spud, a long-handled chisel with a sharp blade for checking ice thickness and chipping extra ice from the hole. Anglers use a scoop, a big spoon with holes, to clean out ice shavings. 2. Find the Depth a. If you know the depth of the water, you have a better idea what fish to fish for. Bluegills and northerns like shallow water. Look for walleyes in deeper water. Some anglers use an electronic fish locator or a lead weight on a hook. You can also tie a string to a weight, hold the loose end in one hand, and drop the weigh to the bottom. Then measure the length of string that’s down the hole. The simplest solution is to use a weighted hook, which drops to the bottom. Then you reel it up to fish as far off the bottom as you like. 3. Land your Catch a. When you feel a fish on the line, reel it up steadily but not too fast because you might yank out the hook. When you see the fish, ask your adult fishing buddy to lift it out. After landing a fish, remove it from the hook. It’s easier to get a hook out with pliers than with your hands in cold weather. If the fish is too big or too small to keep, return it to the water. Or put your catch in a bucket or a snowbank. Watch out for dogs! A dog might try to run away with your catch! It happens. 4. Use Good Manners a. Be polite and don’t disturb your fellow anglers with loud talk or goofing around. Always pick up your trash and anything else you brought. Remember: Anything you leave on the lake will go into the water when the ice melts.",creative_writing "In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Gardener?",,Garth the Gardener,open_qa Give me 3 ways you can cook eggs,,"1. One can scramble an egg. Add some salt and pepper to taste. 2. One can make an omelette. You can add onions, dices tomatoes, cheese, salt and pepper to taste. 3. You can make an egg sunny side up. Just sprinkle some salt and pepper as usual.",brainstorming Where is Jasienica?,,"Jasienica [jaɕeˈnit͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łoniów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Łoniów, 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and 76 km (47 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.",open_qa What makes Sachin Tendulkar so special?,"Sachin Tendulkar is wonderful not because of his cricketing prowess; if that were the case, roughly the same degree of adoration would have been held for Rahul Dravid, who is also in the same league in terms of performance... 164 Tests, 13288 runs at 52.88 versus Sachin's 200 Tests, 15921 runs at 53.86 As you can see, there is nothing to select between the two. Of course, Sachin has a significant advantage in one-dayers: 39 vs 44 in averages. Yet not nearly enough to deserve Sachin's adoration.","Sachin Tendulkar is wonderful not because of his cricketing prowess; if that were the case, roughly the same degree of adoration would have been held for Rahul Dravid, who is also in the same league in terms of performance... 164 Tests, 13288 runs at 52.88 versus Sachin's 200 Tests, 15921 runs at 53.86 As you can see, there is nothing to select between the two. Of course, Sachin has a significant advantage in one-dayers: 39 vs 44 in averages. Yet not nearly enough to deserve Sachin's adoration. Sachin is great in my opinion mostly because of his age when he first entered the cricket scene; to perform what he did at the age of 16 is incredible. Consider yourself at 16...and then consider Imran, Waqar, and Wasim blasting into you at 16 in front of a partisan crowd, with all of India watching. Consider yourself as a 16-year-old fighting the arch-enemy Pakistan. Imagine yourself at the age of 16 being smashed on the body with a leather ball. Consider yourself at 16 years old, attempting to focus on the ball in front of a roaring crowd. That is what he did.... And a legend was born! His achievements from 16 - 22 are the stuff of legend; and that is his primary claim to greatness. Yes, there are other factors: his simplicity, his focus, his concentration, his determination, his longevity etc... but the primary one is the aspect listed above. But even that does not explain his sustained claim to greatness over the years, To this, we must add that he is a fighter who enjoys a good challenge. The manner he dealt with the top fast bowlers of the day, like as Allan Donald. And his famed war with Shane Warne... these battles, and more, when he faced the opposition, are unique to him; almost. And then there's the fact that he's believed to have the purest game with the widest range of shots... To watch him bat is to witness beauty in action, poetry in motion. There is no better sight than Sachin in full flow... And the icing on the cake? He has succeeded in all forms of the game. Try and find me 2 other players who have done that.",summarization "Classify the following as either airplanes or helicopters: - EC-135 - DC-10 - Antonov An 225 - Boeing 787 - Bell 206 - MD-500 - MD-11 - Airbus A320 - Airbus H165 - Cessna 172",,"Airplanes: - McDonnell Douglas DC-10 - Antonov An-225 - Boeing 787 - MD-11 - Airbus A320 - Cessna 172 Helicopters: - Bell 206 - Robinson R44 - MD-500 - Airbus H165",classification What are some uses for a buff?,,"A buff can be used to keep the neck warm, cover the head, wrap around the forehead like a headband, it can be used as a snot rag for runny noses, as a napkin during meals, and as a wash cloth or dish rag when camping.",brainstorming "Based on the text provided, what does a minimum spanning tree optimize?","A minimum spanning tree (MST) or minimum weight spanning tree is a subset of the edges of a connected, edge-weighted undirected graph that connects all the vertices together, without any cycles and with the minimum possible total edge weight. That is, it is a spanning tree whose sum of edge weights is as small as possible. More generally, any edge-weighted undirected graph (not necessarily connected) has a minimum spanning forest, which is a union of the minimum spanning trees for its connected components. There are many use cases for minimum spanning trees. One example is a telecommunications company trying to lay cable in a new neighborhood. If it is constrained to bury the cable only along certain paths (e.g. roads), then there would be a graph containing the points (e.g. houses) connected by those paths. Some of the paths might be more expensive, because they are longer, or require the cable to be buried deeper; these paths would be represented by edges with larger weights. Currency is an acceptable unit for edge weight – there is no requirement for edge lengths to obey normal rules of geometry such as the triangle inequality. A spanning tree for that graph would be a subset of those paths that has no cycles but still connects every house; there might be several spanning trees possible. A minimum spanning tree would be one with the lowest total cost, representing the least expensive path for laying the cable.",A minimum spanning tree optimizes the a graph in a way that minimizes the sum of all the weights of the edges,closed_qa "List the six episode titles from the last season of ""Game of Thrones"" in broadcast order.",,"Winterfell, A Night of the Seven Kingdoms, The Long Night, The Last of the Starks, The Bells, The Iron Throne",open_qa What are the types of space objects ?,,"The International Astronomical Union (IAU) classifies objects in the Solar system into 3 categories : 1. Planet : a celestial body orbiting the Sun, with enough mass to assume a (nearly round) hydrostatic equilibrium shape, and that has ""cleared the neighbourhood"" around its orbit, 2. Dwarf planet : a celestial body orbiting the Sun, with enough mass to assume a (nearly round) hydrostatic equilibrium shape, but that has not ""cleared the neighbourhood"" around its orbit and is not a satellite, 3. Small Solar System Bodies : all other objects orbiting the sun that are not satellites. Small Solar System Bodies of the Solar system include : - Moons : celestial bodies that orbit a planet or a dwarf planet, - Asteroids : rocky non-spherical left-over objects from the early formation of the Solar system. They travel around the sun and most of them are located within the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, - Comets : icy bodies that can also contain minerals, rocks and dust left over from the formation of the solar system. They travel around the sun and can be found mostly beyond Neptune in the Kuiper Belt, as well as far beyond Pluto in the Oort cloud, - Meteoroids : objects in space that often come from other larger bodies such as comets, asteroids or even moons and planets. Meteoroids can be rocky, others can be metallic, or combinations of both. Their sizes range from dust grains to small asteroids.",open_qa "Classify each of the following as a ""fiat money"" or ""cryptocurrency"": Bitcoin, US Dollar, British Pound, Ethereum, Dogecoin, Euro",,"Bitcoin: Cryptocurrency US Dollar: Fiat Money British Pound: Fiat Money Ethereum: Cryptocurrency Dogecoin: Cryptocurrency Euro: Fiat Money",classification "Classify each of the following as characters from books J.K. Rowling has written or books that Suzanne Collins has written: Peeta Mellark, Katness Everdeen, Effie Trinket, Seneca Crane, Lucy Gray, Cinna, Harry Potter, Severus Snape, Hermione Granger, Albus Dumbledore",,"Characters from J.K. Rowling books: Harry Potter, Severus Snape, Hermione Granger, Albus Dumbledore Characters from Suzanne Collins books: Peeta Mellark, Katness Everdeen, Effie Trinket, Seneca Crane, Lucy Gray",classification "Give me a bulleted list of the main responses to ""Bad Blood"" listed in this text, including whether they were positive or negative.","""Bad Blood"" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, taken from her fifth studio album 1989 (2014). Swift wrote the song with its producers Max Martin and Shellback. The album track is a pop song with stomping drums. A hip hop remix of ""Bad Blood"", featuring American rapper Kendrick Lamar and additional production by Ilya, was released as the fourth single from 1989 on May 17, 2015, by Big Machine and Republic Records. The lyrics are about feelings of betrayal by a close friend. Upon the album's release, critics expressed mixed opinions about ""Bad Blood"", with some complimenting Swift's defiant attitude and dubbing it an album highlight, while others criticized its production and lyrics. The remixed single was praised for the reworked instrumentation and Lamar's verses, which others considered to be out of place on a pop song. Media outlets speculated that American singer Katy Perry is the subject of the song. The remix received a Grammy nomination for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance. ""Bad Blood"" was supported by a high-budget music video directed by Joseph Kahn and produced by Swift. It featured an ensemble cast consisting of many singers, actresses and fashion models, which received wide media coverage. Critics praised the video for its cinematic and futuristic visuals inspired by neo-noir styles. It won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video, and two MTV Video Music Awards for the Video of the Year and Best Collaboration. Commercially, ""Bad Blood"" reached number one in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and Scotland, as well as the United States, where it topped the Billboard Hot 100, Adult Top 40 and Mainstream Top 40 charts. It has been certified triple platinum in Australia and Canada, and 6× platinum in the US.","* positive about Taylor Swift's defiant attitude * negative about the song's production and lyrics * positive about the instrumentation and verses * positive about the accompanying music video's visuals * positive in terms of topping several charts",summarization "Which of the following is a type of fruit: cucumber, broccoli, orange, or apple?",,"Among the options listed, orange and apple are both fruits. Cucumber and broccoli are vegetables.",classification Is there a Romanian Royal Family?,,"The Romanian Royal Family consists of members of the former royal family of Michael I, the last king of Romania. This includes his two daughters, Margareta and Elena. Romania was a kingdom between 1881 and 1947. Carol I of Romania was the first king, proclaimed in 1881. Michael I of Romania was the last king, forced to abdicate in 1947.",open_qa What is a popular mystery book series?,,Sherlock Holmes series by Arthur Conan Doyle,open_qa "Based on this paragraph, what industry did Gardiner Hall create a business in and how was it impacted by the Civil War?","South Willington's industrial history began in 1840, when Origen Hall and two partners founded the Willington Thread Company. Hall and his brother Gardner founded a second company in 1848 for the production of cotton wadding and batting. After several failed business ventures, Gardiner Hall founded the Hall Thread Company in 1860, building what is now the oldest surviving industrial building in the village. This venture also failed due to a lack of cotton occasioned by the American Civil War, but Hall restarted the business in 1867. This business flourished, operating at the site until 1954. The Halls practiced a paternalistic form of management and care of the mill workers, building a school and church, as well as housing for their workers. The company's success was instrumental in the village's growth during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.","Gardiner Hall was in the textile business and ran the Hall Thread Company. His business was impacted by the Civil War due to a cotton shortage, but he restarted the business following the Civil War.",closed_qa "Provide for me, a number of famous Japanese animation characters that I could research for an assignment on anime.",,"Here are a number of famous Japanese animation characters that you could use for further research: Kaito Kuroba (Detective Conan), Giyu Tomioka (Demon Slayer), Muichiro Tokito (Demon Slayer), Toge Inumaki (Jujutsu Kaisen), Rimuru Tempest (That Time I Got Reincarnated As A Slime), Gintoki Sakata (Gintama), Doraemon (Doraemon), Serena (Pokemon), Satoru Gojo (Jujutsu Kaisen), and Levi Ackerman (Attack On Titan).",brainstorming what are some things you can do with a glass jar?,,"- you can use it as a cup and drink out of it - you can use it to store coffee beans - you can use it to pickle vegetables - you can use it to catch fireflies - you can use it to make moonshine - you can use it as a planter - you can use it as an ant-farm - you can use it as a lamp shade",brainstorming What are some practical applications of Burnside's lemma in combinatorics based on this passage?,"Burnside's lemma, sometimes also called Burnside's counting theorem, the Cauchy–Frobenius lemma, the orbit-counting theorem, or the lemma that is not Burnside's, is a result in group theory that is often useful in taking account of symmetry when counting mathematical objects. Its various eponyms are based on William Burnside, George Pólya, Augustin Louis Cauchy, and Ferdinand Georg Frobenius. The result is not due to Burnside himself, who merely quotes it in his book 'On the Theory of Groups of Finite Order', attributing it instead to Frobenius (1887). Burnside's Lemma counts ""orbits"", which is the same thing as counting distinct objects taking account of a symmetry. Other ways of saying it are counting distinct objects up to an equivalence relation R, or counting objects that are in canonical form. In the following, let G be a finite group that acts on a set X. For each g in G, let Xg denote the set of elements in X that are fixed by g (also said to be left invariant by g), that is, Xg = { x ∈ X | g.x = x }. Burnside's lemma asserts the following formula for the number of orbits, denoted |X/G|: | � / � | = 1 | � | ∑ � ∈ � | � � | . {\displaystyle |X/G|={\frac {1}{|G|}}\sum _{g\in G}|X^{g}|.} Thus the number of orbits (a natural number or +∞) is equal to the average number of points fixed by an element of G (which is also a natural number or infinity). If G is infinite, the division by |G| may not be well-defined; in this case the following statement in cardinal arithmetic holds: | � | | � / � | = ∑ � ∈ � | � � | . {\displaystyle |G||X/G|=\sum _{g\in G}|X^{g}|.} Examples of applications to enumeration Necklaces There are 8 possible bit vectors of length 3, but only four distinct 2-colored necklaces of length 3: 000, 001, 011, and 111, because 100 and 010 are equivalent to 001 by rotation; similarly 110 and 101 are equivalent to 011. The formula is based on the number of rotations, which in this case is 3 (including the null rotation), and the number of bit vectors left unchanged by each rotation. All 8 bit vectors are unchanged by the null rotation, and two (000 and 111) are unchanged by each of the other two rotations, giving: 4 = 1 3 ( 8 + 2 + 2 ) {\displaystyle 4={\frac {1}{3}}(8+2+2)}. For length 4, there are 16 possible bit vectors; 4 rotations; the null rotation leaves all 16 bit vectors unchanged; the 1-rotation and 3-rotation each leave two bit vectors unchanged (0000 and 1111); the 2-rotation leaves 4 bit vectors unchanged (0000, 0101, 1010, and 1111); giving: 6 = 1 4 ( 16 + 2 + 4 + 2 ) {\displaystyle 6={\frac {1}{4}}(16+2+4+2)}. These are: 0000, 0001, 0011, 0101, 0111, and 1111. Colorings of a cube The number of rotationally distinct colourings of the faces of a cube using three colours can be determined from this formula as follows. Let X be the set of 36 possible face colour combinations that can be applied to a cube in one particular orientation, and let the rotation group G of the cube act on X in the natural manner. Then two elements of X belong to the same orbit precisely when one is simply a rotation of the other. The number of rotationally distinct colourings is thus the same as the number of orbits and can be found by counting the sizes of the fixed sets for the 24 elements of G. Cube with coloured faces one identity element which leaves all 36 elements of X unchanged six 90-degree face rotations, each of which leaves 33 of the elements of X unchanged three 180-degree face rotations, each of which leaves 34 of the elements of X unchanged eight 120-degree vertex rotations, each of which leaves 32 of the elements of X unchanged six 180-degree edge rotations, each of which leaves 33 of the elements of X unchanged A detailed examination of these automorphisms may be found here. The average fix size is thus 1 24 ( 3 6 + 6 ⋅ 3 3 + 3 ⋅ 3 4 + 8 ⋅ 3 2 + 6 ⋅ 3 3 ) = 57. {\frac {1}{24}}\left(3^{6}+6\cdot 3^{3}+3\cdot 3^{4}+8\cdot 3^{2}+6\cdot 3^{3}\right)=57. Hence there are 57 rotationally distinct colourings of the faces of a cube in three colours. In general, the number of rotationally distinct colorings of the faces of a cube in n colors is given by 1 24 ( � 6 + 3 � 4 + 12 � 3 + 8 � 2 ) . {\frac {1}{24}}\left(n^{6}+3n^{4}+12n^{3}+8n^{2}\right). 8 Queens Puzzle In the eight queens puzzle there are 92 solutions, of which 12 fundamental solutions are distinct up to rotation and reflection of the board. There are 8 combinations of rotations and reflections, including the null action. The null action leaves all 92 solutions unchanged. Four of the 92 solutions are symmetrical, unchanged by 180° rotation. That gives: 12 = 1 8 ( 92 + 4 ) {\displaystyle 12={\frac {1}{8}}(92+4)}.","* Necklace counting problem: counting rotationally distinct necklaces of various lengths where each bead can be one of the two colors. The article counts necklaces of lengths 3 and 4, and the answer is 4 and 6, respectively. * Colorings of a cube problem: count rotationally distinct colorings of faces of a cube. The article considers a case when 3 colors are used and the answer is 57. * 8 queens puzzle: a classical version of the problem is counting different ways to place 8 chess queens onto an 8x8 board so that no queen attacks another (the answer is 92). With Burnside's lemma application the article counts the number of different placements of queens up to rotation and reflection, arriving at 12 as the answer.",summarization Give me some suggestions for good South East Asian restaurants near downtown Seattle,,"Here are some highly rated South East Asian restaurants near downtown Seattle 1. Bangrak market serves classic Thai street food in a unique setting. The restaurant is in Belltown neighbood, a few minutes walk from Pike Place Market. Crying tiger, kao soi, fried whole fish, and mango sticky rice are among their popular dishes 2. Kedai Makan is a busy Malaysian restaurant in Capitol Hill featuring a cozy atmosphere and fabulous Malaysian dishes. The most popular dishes in the restaurant are roti jala (soft net bread with chicken curry), spicy ribs and chili pan mee noodle. 3. Di Fiora is an Asian fusion restaurant with a cozy, relaxing and romantic vibe through flowery decoration. They are famous for their Thai curry, fried rice, pasta, as well as various tasty cocktails.",brainstorming Best places to visit in India During Winter to experience Snowfall,,"Kashmir, Manali, Shimla, Sikkim, Tawang",open_qa "Write a dialogue between two hikers, John and Jane, who are lost in the woods and can't decide what to do. End the argument with Jane winning and them deciding to turn around and retrace their steps.",,"John: I think we're lost, this trail doesn't look familiar Jane: I think you're right. We must have taken a wrong turn at the fork a mile back. Let's turn around and trace our steps back John: No, I think we should just keep going forward. We are still on a path, so we should just go and see if we can find our way back to a path we know Jane: I'm worried its going to get dark, and we'll just be going further into the woods. We should turn around and repeat our steps John: Okay, you're right. Let's go back to where we first got lost and take the other side of the fork.",creative_writing Where Is The Charging Port On A Tesla Model Y?,,"The Tesla Model Y charging port is located on the left side of the car near the rear light cluster. It's straightforward to charge the Tesla Model Y. All you need to do is plug the CCS 2 into your charging inlet, and you're ready to charge. Be aware that many public charging networks require you to have RFID cards or download their apps before you can use them.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tabla, Tres",,"Tres is string, Tabla is percussion.",classification "Tell me which of the following numbers are whole numbers and which are integers: -9, -8, -7, -6, -5, -4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9",,"Whole numbers include all positive numbers and 0: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Integers are numbers that include positive and negative numbers and 0: -9, -8, -7, -6, -5, -4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Whole numbers are a subset of Integers.",classification The year 2022 was declared by UNGA as,,The International year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture,open_qa "Are these oceans or lakes: Superior, Michigan, Keuka, Ontario, Tahoe. and Yellowstone?",,They are lakes.,classification "I'm confused as to which of these food staples have gluten and which are gluten-free. From this list can you tell me which is which: Pasta, rice, potatoes, noodles and bread.",,"Rice and potatoes do not contain gluten, so they are gluten-free. However, pasta, noodles and bread usually contain gluten. There are less common varieties of these staples that do not contain gluten, but you will need to check the packaging details to ensure that they are gluten free.",classification "From the following list of movies, please tell me which ones are comedies, dramas, horror, or action: When Harry Met Sally, The Exorcist, The Godfather, Mission Impossible",,"- When Harry Met Sally: Comedy - The Exorcist: Horror - The Godfather: Drama - Mission Impossible: Action",classification "Given this paragraph about Yahalom and his works, tell me when he was born?","Yahalom is the author of numerous books and articles on Hebrew poetry, from Byzantine Palestine (5th century CE) to the early modern period. Much of his work explores the connections between Hebrew poetry and the literature of the other groups living in the same time and place, for example, the link between piyyut and Syriac and Greek Christian hymns; between Hebrew poetry from Spain and the emerging romances in European languages; and between early modern mystical Hebrew poetry in the Ottoman Empire and Turkish songs. He also has written extensively about the bilingual (Hebrew and Arabic) culture of Judah Al-Harizi.","Based off of this paragraph, it is clear that Yahalom wrote books and articles ""from Byzantine Palestine (5th century CE) to the early modern period"". Therefore, it is likely that Yahalom was born in the early modern period or sometime after the early modern period. The exact date of Yahalom's birth cannot be determined given the provided information.",closed_qa "Tell me which sport of ice hockey or baseball these positions belong: outfielder, pitcher, left winger, forward, right fielder, goalie, catcher, third baseman, left defenseman",,"Ice Hockey Positions: left winger, forward, goalie, left defenseman Baseball Positions: outfielder, pitcher, right fielder, catcher, third baseman",classification Give a list of the parts of your physical appearance you would want to change?,,"Height, lips, nose, eye color, hair color, tattoo removed, weight, muscle, jaw line, eyebrows, cellulite, stomach, veins, wrinkles",brainstorming Extract the dates of change of ownership and who the new owner was,"The company was founded in 2006. The aim of the company is to develop Synterra's media projects. In September, 2009 Synterra Group of Companies (GC) got operational control of Synterra Media as GC bought 40,01% stocks. GC ""Synterra"" owns 60% of ""Synterra Media"". That gives GC the right to make decisions on further development of this project. In 2010, Megafon under the leadership of Sergey Soldatenkov (Russian: Сергей Владимирович Солдатенков) gained control of Synterra Media with a 60% stake and spun off to Rostelecom several assets including RTKomm.ru, Telecom-Center (renamed Synterra-Media) and Globus-Telecom. On 22 October 2020, PJSC Rostelecom (Russian: ПАО ""Ростелеком"") agreed to buy a 100% stake in ZAO Synterra Media (Russian: ЗАО ""Синтерра Медиа"") from MTT (Russian: АО ""Межрегиональный Транзиттелеком"" («МТТ»)) for 1.5 billion rubles which allows MTT to focus on the integration of real-time telecom services or Unified Communications and Telecom API. Synterra delivers and distributes media content from the event venues to the television broadcasting companies such as Channel One, VGTRK, NTV, Russia Today, TV Center, Match TV. Both directly and through its subsidiaries, MTT had consolidated its 100% stake in Synterra Media in 2013. As of 2014, MTT, which has 25 million subscribers, competes with Inoventika (Russian: ООО ""Иновентика Технолоджес"") for cloud computing.","2009 - Synterra Group of Companies 2010 - Megafon October 22, 2020 - PJSC Rostelecom",information_extraction "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Elasmosaurus, Blue Whale",,"Blue Whale is alive, Elasmosaurus is extinct.",classification List some TV shows that Canadian actor William B. Davis has been in.,,"The X-Files, Robson Arms, Supernatural, Stargate SG-1, Continuum, Upload",classification "Is ""1984"" a book or a movie?",,"Both. George Orwell's book ""Nineteen Eighty-Four"" was published in 1949. Films adapted from the book came out in 1956 and 1984; another adaptation is to be released in 2023 and will be the first adaptation in the Russian language.",classification Is it safe for dogs to eat avacado?,,"No, avocado is considered dangerous for dogs to consume.",open_qa What are the primary causes of inflation?,,"Primary causes of inflation are: -Increase in money supply -Increase in production cost of goods due to high raw material cost -Increased demand for goods and services -Scarcity of specific goods due to supply chain issues, lockdown etc.",open_qa "Do the following activities typically happen at night or during the day? A hike in a park, stargazing, going to a beach tidepool, dinner at a restaurant, looking for shooting stars, working a desk job",,"A hike in a park: daytime, stargazing: nighttime, going to a beach tidepool: daytime, dinner at a restaurant: nighttime, looking for shooting stars: nighttime, working a desk job: daytime",classification When did Videotron withdraw from the Cable Television Standards Council (CTSC)?,"The Cable Television Standards Council of Canada was an independent organization established by the Canadian cable television industry to administer Standards, Codes and Guidelines that ensure high standards of customer service. In February 2002, Vidéotron withdrew from the CTSC . Later that year, effective December 1, Shaw also withdrew . ""The CTSC dealt with complaints with respect to cable service, such as concerns about quality of service and billing until 12 April 2006, when this organisation ceased operation. Since then, complaints filed with the Commission about quality of service and billing are forwarded to the appropriate licensee [that is a cable company] for resolution."" ",Videotron withdrew from the Cable Television Standards Council in February 2002.,summarization "Which things are typically hot and which are cold: an icicle, a snowball, lava, a cat, tea, a meat locker, summer on the east coast of the United States, a sauna and a Bikram yoga.",,"The hot items in this list are lava, summer, a sauna and Bikram yoga. The cold items are an icicle, a snowball, and a meat locker. A cat is typically not categorized as either hot or cold, and tea can be either hot or cold.",classification Who is Taehoon Oh?,,"Taehoon Oh is a computer graphic specialist, game designer and developer. He is a co-founder and COO at Studio Roqovan, formerly known as Reload Studios. He was a lead artist and was one of the pioneer developers of the Call of Duty game franchise. He is also one of the co-founders of the non-gaming virtual reality subdivision of Studio Roqovan called Rascali, launched in September 2015",creative_writing Give me 5 kinds of nuts that are delicious.,,"Five kinds of nuts that are delicious are 1) pistachios, 2) brazil nuts, 3) hazelnuts, 4) peanuts, and 5) macadamia nuts.",brainstorming "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Smilosuchus, Brown Bear",,"Brown Bear is alive, Smilosuchus is extinct.",classification What film won the 1943 Oscar as best film,,Casablanca,open_qa "Extract which animals Waddell played with and which ones he fought with from the text. Separate them with a comma, putting the ones he played with first.","Waddell's career wound through a number of teams. He was notably unpredictable; early in his career, he once left in the middle of a game to go fishing. He also had a longstanding fascination with fire trucks and ran off the field to chase after them during games on multiple occasions. He would disappear for months at a time during the offseason, and it was not known where he went until it was discovered that he was wrestling alligators in a circus. He was easily distracted by opposing fans who held up puppies, which caused him to run over to play with them, and shiny objects, which seemed to put him in a trance. An alcoholic for much of his short life, he reportedly spent his entire first signing bonus on a drinking binge; as a pun of the baseball term ""southpaw"" denoting a left-handed pitcher, the Sporting News dubbed him a ""sousepaw"". His eccentric behavior led to constant battles with his managers and scuffles with bad-tempered teammates.","puppies, alligators",information_extraction "Classify each as of the following as physical or digital: pencil, pen, paper, email, social media, pavers, gutters, cryptocurrency",,"Pencil: Physical Pen: Physical Paper: Physical Email: Digital Social Media: Digital Pavers: Physical Gutters: Physical Cryptocurrency: Digital",classification "Which of the following are names typically given to girls, typically given to boys, or names that could easily be given to either a boy or a girl: Sam, Bill, Liz, Tracy, Mary, Joe, Taylor, Missy, Ralph, Scott, Michelle, Michael, Frank, Cheryl, Ryan, Stephenie.",,"Of these, Bill, Joe, Ralph, Scott, Michael, Frank and Ryan are names that would typically be for boys; Liz, Mary, Missy, Michelle, Cheryl and Stephenie are names that would typically be for girls; and Sam, Tracy, and Taylor are names that could apply to either a girl or a boy.",classification "Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Yemen or Saint Kitts and Nevis. Al Ḩudaydah, Ta‘izz, Basseterre, Sanaa",,"Yemen - Sanaa, Ta‘izz, Al Ḩudaydah Saint Kitts and Nevis - Basseterre",classification What's the area of Fuldera village?,"Fuldera is a village in the Val Müstair municipality in the district of Inn in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. In 2009 Fuldera merged with Lü, Müstair, Santa Maria Val Müstair, Tschierv and Valchava to form the municipality of Val Müstair. History Fuldera is first mentioned in 1322 as Faldiera. Geography Fuldera village Fuldera had an area, as of 2006, of 13.2 km2 (5.1 sq mi). Of this area, 24.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 37.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.4% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (36.4%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). The village is located in the Val Müstair sub-district (now Val Müstair municipality) of the Inn district. It is located on the right side of the Rombach. It consists of the larger Fuldera-Dora and the smaller Fuldera-Daint.",The Fuldera village encompasses an area of 13.2 km2 or 5.1 sq mi.,summarization What are some movies starring Chevy Chase,,"Fletch, Caddyshack, Three Amigos, National Lampoon's Vacation, Funny Farm, Spies Like Us, Foul Play, European Vacation",open_qa Can you name five of the most successful professional golfers in history?,,"Tiger Woods, Jack Nicklaus, Arnold Palmer, Sam Snead, Bobby Jones",open_qa Which sport is similar to baseball?,,"Baseball is a bat-ball game. While there are many sports played with bat and a ball, considering the number of players involved ( more than 4 ) in a field. Cricket comes very close and have similarities with the game of Baseball.",creative_writing "Name some female characters from ""The X-Files.""",,"Dana Scully, Marita Covarrubias, Melissa Scully, Margaret Scully, Leyla Harrison, Teena Mulder, Samantha Mulder, Diana Fowley, Monica Reyes, Cassandra Spender",open_qa "From the text provided, find all the names of game consoles. Separate them with a comma.","Redout is a science fiction racing video game developed and published by Italian studio 34BigThings, and co-published by Nicalis and 505 Games. It is inspired by racing games such as F-Zero, Wipeout, Rollcage, and POD as stated on the game page on Steam. The game was released for Microsoft Windows in September 2016, while the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One released in August 2017. The Nintendo Switch port was originally slated for a Q2 2017 release, but got delayed and was released in May 2019. The game was released for Amazon Luna on October 20, 2020.","PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch",information_extraction Who opens episodes of The FBI Files with an introductory narration?,,"James Kallstrom, former head of the FBI New York office.",open_qa "I need to write a deck summarising the benefits of delta in the lakehouse, can you give me some good slide suggestions?",,"Sure, here you go - 1 - Challenges of data warehousing and analytics 2 - Why Delta, what problem does it solve 3 - What is Delta - key values points 4 - References and customer stories 5 - Enablement and Training 6 - Next Steps and QA",brainstorming Extract the most recent owner of the Seattle Storm from this Wikipedia article.,"Owners Further information: Category:Seattle Storm owners Barry and Ginger Ackerley, owners of the Seattle SuperSonics (2000–2001) Howard Schultz, owner of the Seattle SuperSonics (2001–2006) Clay Bennett, owner of the Seattle SuperSonics (2007) Force 10 Hoops LLC, composed of Dawn Trudeau, Lisa Brummel, Ginny Gilder (2008–present)",The current owner of the Seattle Storm is Force,information_extraction Where is Silicon Valley geographically based?,,Silicon Valley is in the San Francisco Bay Area of California,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Claves, Rabeca",,"Rabeca is string, Claves is percussion.",classification What is the difference between a road bike and a mountain bike?,,"Road bikes are built to be ridden on asphalt and cement surfaces and have thin tires, whereas mountain bikes are built to be ridden on dirt and have wider tires. Road bikes also have more aerodynamic handle bars while mountain bike handle bars a built for less responsive steering while bouncing around off the road.",open_qa "Classify each of the following as either titles by George R.R. Martin or Robert Jordan: A Game of Thrones, Dying of the Light, The Armageddon Rag, A Storm of Swords, A Song for Lya, The Great Hunt, Towers of Midnight, Lord of Chaos, A Crown of Swords, Crossroads of Twilight",,"George R.R. Martin: A Game of Thrones, Dying of the Light, The Armageddon Rag, A Storm of Swords, A Song for Lya Robert Jordan: The Great Hunt, Towers of Midnight, Lord of Chaos, A Crown of Swords, Crossroads of Twilight",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Hi-hat, Vihuela",,"Vihuela is string, Hi-hat is percussion.",classification What are the names of the first three songs from Edmond Leung's The Story of June?,"The Story of June is a Cantopop album by Edmond Leung. Track listing: Love Blind (戀愛盲) Elevator Men (電梯男) Hey June Driven To Distraction (失魂落魄) Daydream (白日夢) Romantic (羅曼蒂克) Y3 Get Away with Miriam Yeung (滾) The Aftermath (戰後餘生) The Long Journey (路漫漫)","Love Blind (戀愛盲) Elevator Men (電梯男) Hey June",information_extraction Name some famous anime shows?,,"Attack on Titan, Naruto, Dragon Ball, Bleach, One Piece",open_qa "Tell me whether these instruments are stringed or percussion: Cello, Cymbals, Triangle, Harp",,The cello and harp are stringed instruments while the cymbals and triangle are percussion instruments.,classification How do you wheelie a motorcycle?,,"While moving at constant speed, have your right foot covering the brake, compress the motorcycles suspension by pushing down equally on the handle bars and foot pegs, as the suspension starts to rebound upward, blip the throttle. This will lift the front wheel off the ground. If the wheel goes too high use the rear brake to bring it back down.",open_qa "Classify the following cartridge types by whether they are typically used in a pistol or a rifle: 9mm, .40 S&W, 5.56mm NATO, .45 ACP, 7.62mm NATO, 6.5mm Creedmoor, 6.5mm Grendel, .357 Magnum",,"9mm - Pistol .40 S&W - Pistol 5.56mm NATO - Rifle .45 ACP - Pistol 7.62mm NATO - Rifle 6.5mm Creedmoor - Rifle 6.5mm Grendel - Rifle .357 Magnum - Pistol",classification "Tell me whether the following animals are part of the cat family: ocelot, lion, jackal, caracal, leopard, fox, tiger, lynx.",,"Ocelot, lion, caracal, leopard, tiger, lynx are all species that are part of the Felidae family (commonly known as cats). Jackals and foxes are part of the Canidae (or dog) family. While the two groups have physical similarities, they also have distinctive physical and behavioral differences.",classification "From the passage provided, extract the major cities in Telangana. Separate them with a comma.","Telangana (/ˌtɛlənˈɡɑːnə/ (listen); Telugu: [ˈtelaŋɡaːɳa], Urdu: [ˈtɪləŋɡɑːna] (listen)) is a state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the eleventh-largest state and the twelfth-most populated state in India with a geographical area of 112,077 km2 (43,273 sq mi) and 35,193,978 residents as per 2011 census. On 2 June 2014, the area was separated from the northwestern part of Andhra Pradesh as the newly formed state of Telangana, with Hyderabad as its capital. Its other major cities include Warangal, Nizamabad, Khammam, Karimnagar and Ramagundam. Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north, Chhattisgarh to the northeast, Karnataka to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south. The terrain of Telangana consists mostly of the Deccan Plateau with dense forests covering an area of 27,292 km2 (10,538 sq mi). As of 2019, the state of Telangana is divided into 33 districts.","Hyderabad, Warangal, Nizamabad, Khammam, Karimnagar, Ramagundam",information_extraction Write a sarcastic apology letter to a neighbor after they complained about you being too loud in the middle of the day. Make it no longer than three sentences.,,"Dear neighbor. I apologize for being loud during the daytime when everyone is awake. It surely was a huge burden for you to know that I exist. I'll try to be less perceivable in the future. Sincerely, You Noisy Neighbor.",creative_writing What is the objective of a batter in the sport of baseball?,"Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding. The game occurs over the course of several plays, with each play generally beginning when a player on the fielding team, called the pitcher, throws a ball that a player on the batting team, called the batter, tries to hit with a bat. The objective of the offensive team (batting team) is to hit the ball into the field of play, away from the other team's players, allowing its players to run the bases, having them advance counter-clockwise around four bases to score what are called ""runs"". The objective of the defensive team (referred to as the fielding team) is to prevent batters from becoming runners, and to prevent runners' advance around the bases. A run is scored when a runner legally advances around the bases in order and touches home plate (the place where the player started as a batter). The principal objective of the batting team is to have a player reach first base safely; this generally occurs either when the batter hits the ball and reaches first base before an opponent retrieves the ball and touches the base, or when the pitcher persists in throwing the ball out of the batter's reach. Players on the batting team who reach first base without being called ""out"" can attempt to advance to subsequent bases as a runner, either immediately or during teammates' turns batting. The fielding team tries to prevent runs by getting batters or runners ""out"", which forces them out of the field of play. The pitcher can get the batter out by throwing three pitches which result in strikes, while fielders can get the batter out by catching a batted ball before it touches the ground, and can get a runner out by tagging them with the ball while the runner is not touching a base. The opposing teams switch back and forth between batting and fielding; the batting team's turn to bat is over once the fielding team records three outs. One turn batting for each team constitutes an inning. A game is usually composed of nine innings, and the team with the greater number of runs at the end of the game wins. Most games end after the ninth inning, but if scores are tied at that point, extra innings are usually played. Baseball has no game clock, though some competitions feature pace-of-play regulations such as the pitch clock to shorten game time. Baseball evolved from older bat-and-ball games already being played in England by the mid-18th century. This game was brought by immigrants to North America, where the modern version developed. Baseball's American origins, as well as its reputation as a source of escapism during troubled points in American history such as the American Civil War and the Great Depression, have led the sport to receive the moniker of ""America's Pastime""; since the late 19th century, it has been unofficially recognized as the national sport of the United States, though in modern times is considered less popular than other sports, such as American football. In addition to North America, baseball is considered the most popular sport in parts of Central and South America, the Caribbean, and East Asia, particularly in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.","The principal objective of the batting team in the sport of baseball is to have a player reach first base safely; this generally occurs either when the batter hits the ball and reaches first base before an opponent retrieves the ball and touches the base, or when the pitcher persists in throwing the ball out of the batter's reach. Players on the batting team who reach first base without being called ""out"" can attempt to advance to subsequent bases as a runner, either immediately or during teammates' turns batting. The fielding team tries to prevent runs by getting batters or runners ""out"", which forces them out of the field of play. The pitcher can get the batter out by throwing three pitches which result in strikes, while fielders can get the batter out by catching a batted ball before it touches the ground, and can get a runner out by tagging them with the ball while the runner is not touching a base.",closed_qa Where are most apples grown?,,"The United States is the second largest apple producer worldwide, behind China. U.S. production is followed by Poland, Italy and France. The United States grows approximately 200 unique apple varieties.",open_qa How object-oriented programming is different from functional programming?,,"Functional programming focuses on functions, whereas object-oriented programming focuses on classes and respective objects.",open_qa What is an optimisation problem?,,"In mathematics and computer science, an optimisation problem is typically a search problem in which the best solution is to locate among all feasible solutions. An optimisation problem can be categorised as continuous or discrete depending on the type of their variables. In a discrete optimisation problem, variables are discrete and countable. In contrast, continuous variables include infinitely uncountable values, for example, a variable over a non-empty range of real numbers. According to the number of objective functions, an optimisation problem is classified as single or multi-objective. A single-objective optimisation problem only involves one objective function to optimise. On the other hand, a multi-objective one considers two or more objectives simultaneously, which means the interaction between objectives has to be considered.",open_qa What is the volume of a rectangular prism,,length * base * height,open_qa "Based on the reference text, who were the main parties who supported and opposed Prop 22?","2020 California Proposition 22 Support Lyft, Uber, DoorDash, Instacart, and Postmates contributed over $205 million into campaigns supporting Prop 22, making it the most expensive ballot measure in California's history. This included major funding for the Yes on Prop 22 campaign, and promoting the proposed legislation directly to customers when using their app. Beyond in-app messaging, Uber and Lyft also conducted extensive social media and television advertising to persuade voters. Such advertisements informed voters that a ""no"" outcome for the proposition would put many drivers' occupations in jeopardy, among other messages. Sponsored support Some of the companies also forced their workers to support and promote the legislation: Uber sent its drivers in-app messages forcing them to click on either ""Yes on Prop 22"" or ""OK"", Instacart ordered its workers to place pro-Prop 22 stickers in customers' shopping bags, and DoorDash forced delivery drivers to use bags saying ""Yes on 22"". Title litigation The ballot title, written by Attorney General Xavier Becerra, is ""Exempts App-Based Transportation and Delivery Companies from Providing Employee Benefits to Certain Drivers. Initiative Statute"". The Yes on Prop 22 campaign challenged this description as non-neutral in court, but their arguments were rejected by a Sacramento Superior Court judge. Opposition The No on Prop 22 campaign was funded by the California Labor Federation, with support from UC Berkeley Labor Center. The campaign received around $19 million in support, mostly from labor groups. Driver groups Rideshare Drivers United, Gig Workers Rising, We Drive Progress, and Mobile Workers United, spoke out against Prop 22. Editorial boards from the New York Times and Los Angeles Times also called on voters to reject Prop 22. The proposition would add protections specific to app-based workers, different from other independent contractors, but these protections would only apply during the time the worker is ""engaged"" in fulfilling a specific request and not while the worker is logged in to the app and available to fulfill a request.","The main parties to support Prop 22 included Lyft, Uber, Doordash, Instacart, and Postmates. The main parties to oppose Prop 22 included California Labor Federation, Rideshare Drivers United, Gig Workers Rising, We Drive Progress, and Mobile Workers United.",summarization What is the Indianapolis 500?,"The Indianapolis 500, formally known as the Indianapolis 500-Mile Race, and commonly called the Indy 500, is an annual automobile race held at Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS) in Speedway, Indiana, United States, an enclave suburb of Indianapolis. The event is traditionally held over Memorial Day weekend, usually the last weekend of May. It is contested as part of the IndyCar Series, the top level of American open-wheel car racing, a formula colloquially known as ""Indy car racing"". The track itself is nicknamed the ""Brickyard"", as the racing surface was paved in brick in the fall of 1909. One yard of brick remains exposed at the start/finish line. The event, billed as The Greatest Spectacle in Racing, is considered part of the Triple Crown of Motorsport along with the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the Monaco Grand Prix, with which it typically shares a date.","The Indianapolis 500, formally known as the Indianapolis 500-Mile Race, and commonly called the Indy 500, is an annual automobile race held at Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS) in Speedway, Indiana, United States, an enclave suburb of Indianapolis. The event is traditionally held over Memorial Day weekend, usually the last weekend of May. It is contested as part of the IndyCar Series, the top level of American open-wheel car racing, a formula colloquially known as ""Indy car racing"". The track itself is nicknamed the ""Brickyard"", as the racing surface was paved in brick in the fall of 1909. One yard of brick remains exposed at the start/finish line. The event, billed as The Greatest Spectacle in Racing, is considered part of the Triple Crown of Motorsport along with the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the Monaco Grand Prix, with which it typically shares a date. The inaugural race was held in 1911 and was won by Ray Harroun. The event celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2011, and the 100th running was held in 2016. The event was put on hiatus twice, from 1917 to 1918 due to World War I and from 1942 to 1945 due to World War II. In two different periods, the race was part of FIA World Championships; between 1925 and 1928, the World Manufacturers' Championship and between 1950 and 1960, the World Drivers' Championship. Marcus Ericsson is the current champion. The most successful drivers are A. J. Foyt, Al Unser Sr., Rick Mears and Hélio Castroneves, each of whom has won the race four times. The active driver with the most victories is Hélio Castroneves. Rick Mears holds the record for most career pole positions with six. The most successful car owner is Roger Penske, owner of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway and Team Penske, which has 18 total wins and 18 poles. Penske also has five wins at the IndyCar Grand Prix, held on the combined road course. The event is steeped in tradition, in pre-race ceremonies, post-race celebrations, and race procedure. The most noteworthy and most popular traditions are the 33-car field lining up three-wide for the start, the annual singing of the chorus of ""Back Home Again in Indiana,"" and the victory lane bottle of milk. Also unique is that qualifying requires the driver to complete four, rather than one, timed laps. Qualifying has a separate weekend. The official attendance is not disclosed by Speedway management, but the permanent seating capacity is upwards of 250,000, and infield patrons raise the race-day attendance to approximately 300,000.",summarization "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Simbakubwa, Arctic Wolf",,"Arctic Wolf is alive, Simbakubwa is extinct.",classification What are four movies with Sandra Bullock.,,"Four movies with Sandra Bullock are The Blind Side, Bird Box, Gravity, and Miss Congeniality.",open_qa Write me a recipe for pizza dough,,"Mix 250ml of warm water Yeast 1 tea spoon of salt 2 tea spoons of olive oil 500g of wheat flour until you have a firm dough and let it rest for at least 2 hours",creative_writing "Classify each of the following as either characters from Star Wars or Star Trek: Jean Luc Picard, Grogu, Han Solo, Luke Skywalker, Data, Q, Darth Vader, Ahsoka, William Riker, James Kirk, Spock",,"Star Wars: Grogu, Han Solo, Luke Skywalker, Darth Vader, Ahsoka Star Trek: Jean Luc Picard, Data, Q, William Riker, James Kirk, Spock",classification "Which is a bird or fish: Black grouse, Blackfish",,"Black grouse is a bird, Blackfish is a fish",classification What is a good slogan for carpet?,,"Here are some good slogans for carpet: - The Fuzzy Floor - Your feet's best friend - A sweater for your floor - Cushion your falls with carpet - Carpet diem",brainstorming When did the first World war start?,,"July 28, 1914",open_qa "Which is a bird or fish: Red-crested pochard, Redfish",,"Redfish is a fish, Red-crested pochard is a bird",classification "Given a reference text about George Watson Buck, tell me where he went to Quaker School and where he got a job in 1807.","George Watson Buck (1789–1854) was the engineer of the Montgomeryshire Canal in the early 19th century, and was responsible for the unique lock paddle design. He was later resident engineer during the building of the London and Birmingham Railway, and also designed Stockport Viaduct and the Dane Valley Viaduct on the Manchester and Birmingham Railway. Early life Buck was born on 1 April 1789 at Stoke Holy Cross, near Norwich. His parents were Quakers and sent him, with his two brothers, to the Quaker School at Ackworth, West Yorkshire. With his schooling completed, his father placed him with a wholesaler at Tower Hill, London, as he wanted him to be involved in trade, but the position did not suit Buck, and so he looked for something else. Around 1807, the East London Waterworks Company were building Old Ford pumping station, which had been designed by Ralph Walker, and Buck managed to secure a job there. When the job was finished, Walker moved on to Farlington, to work on a water supply scheme for Portsmouth and Gosport. The scheme had been authorised by an Act of Parliament in 1809, and Buck went to work as resident engineer, reporting to Walker. The scheme suffered from an intermittent water supply, as did a competing scheme engineered by William Nicholson.","George Watson Buck went to Quaker School at Ackworth, West Yorkshire and got a job at the East London Waterworks Company in 1807.",closed_qa Give me a list of some excellent 5 VPN services,,"1. Express VPN 2. Surfshark VPN 3. NordVPN 4. IPVanish VPN 5. CyberGhost 6. Proton VPN 7. PureVPN",brainstorming provide the list of the List of American foods that is related to breeds,"American foods Breads Main article: List of American breads Banana bread Cornbread Cuban bread Frybread Texas toast Cheese Main article: List of American cheeses Gouda and Swiss are common cheeses in America. American cheese (technically a processed cheese) Cheddar cheese Colby (as well as the blend Colby-Jack) Cream cheese Monterey Jack (and used in pepper jack cheese) Velveeta (brand name of a common processed cheese) Desserts Main article: List of American desserts Banana pudding Chocolate brownie Chocolate chip cookies Fudge Jell-O Key lime pie Peanut butter cookie Pecan pie Pumpkin pie Red velvet cake S'more Sundae Ice cream Rice dishes Gumbo is a dish that originated in southern Louisiana during the 18th century. Calas Charleston red rice Chicken bog Dirty rice Glorified rice Gumbo Hawaiian haystack Hoppin' John Jambalaya Rice and gravy Red beans and rice Shrimp creole Spanish rice Sandwiches Main article: List of American sandwiches BLT Cheesesteak Club sandwich Fluffernutter Italian beef Pastrami on rye Peanut butter and jelly sandwich Reuben sandwich Sloppy joe Sausages Hot dogs with various toppings Bologna sausage Breakfast sausage Chaudin Goetta Half-smoke Hot link (sausage) Italian hot dog Lebanon bologna Maxwell Street Polish Polish Boy Chorizo Miscellaneous Buffalo Wings Roasted turkey Fried Chicken","Banana bread Cornbread Cuban bread Frybread Texas toast Cheese",summarization "Tell me whether these are flowers or fruit: apples, oranges, pineapples, bananas, strawberries, daisies, sunflowers, roses, poppies",,"Apples are a fruit. Oranges are a fruit. Pineapples are a fruit. Bananas are a fruit. Strawberries are a fruit. Daisies are a flower. Sunflowers are a flower. Roses are a flower. Poppies are a flower.",classification "Tell me whether these people are authors or actors: Ernest Hemingway, Stephen King, George Orwell, Johnny Depp, George Clooney, Jonah Hill",,"Ernest Hemingway: Author Stephen King: Author George Orwell: Author Johnny Depp: Actor George Clooney: Actor Jonah Hill: Actor",classification What are the words of House Mallister?,,"""Above the Rest""",open_qa "Classify the following movies as either Comedy or Horror: Weekend at Bernie's, Scream, What Lies Beneath, Happy Gilmore, Cujo, Billy Madison, Kingpin, Carrie, Halloween, Encino Man, Misery",,"Weekend at Bernie's: Comedy Scream: Horror What Lies Beneath: Horror Happy Gilmore: Comedy Cujo: Horror Billy Madison: Comedy Kingpin: Comedy Carrie: Horror Halloween: Horror Encino Man: Comedy Misery: Horror",classification Tell me 5 best Tom Hanks movies of all time.,,"Forrest Gump, Saving Private Ryan, Apollo 13, Catch Me If You Can, Big.",brainstorming "Tell me whether these cities are in the United States or not: Dallas, Seattle, Mumbai, Ljubljana, Rochester",,"Dallas, Seattle, and Rochester are all cities in the United States. Mumbai and Ljubljana are not in the United States.",classification Name some plays that were written by Shakespeare,,"Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, King Lear, Much Ado About Nothing",open_qa What the best way to give a dog a bath?,,"First you have to secure the dog in the cleaning bin by connecting them to a leash in the bin. Start rinsing the dog while soothing them so they don't get anxious and begin thrashing during the process. Once the dog is thoroughly wet, administer the shampoo. Begin just behind the ears, so you don't get any water in the them as it can damage their hearing. Slowly massage in the shampoo throughout the coat ending at the tail. Then it's time to rinse out the shampoo so hose down the dog again starting behind the ears to keep them dry. Fully wash out the shampoo ensuring no suds remain in the coat. Now to dry the dog. Be warned, the dog may not enjoy the dryer, and will try and bite it. Work from head to tail and while getting the legs and belly. Voila! You're finished and have a clean and good smelling dog!",brainstorming Give me a list of Premier League winners and runners-up in the last 5 years.,,"2021-2022: Winner Manchester City, Runner-up Liverpool 2020-2021: Winner Manchester City, Runner-up Manchester United 2019-2020: Liverpool, Runner-up Manchester City 2018-2019: Manchester City, Runner-up Liverpool 2017-2018: Manchester City, Runner-up Manchester United",brainstorming What is the difference between pets and cattle?,,"Although both are animals at the end of the day, however, the main difference comes partially in the form of perception and, historically, the relationship of humans with certain animals. Pets, e.g. dogs, cats, etc., are used more for companionship and not for food. On the contrary, cattle, e.g. cows, pigs, chickens, etc., are primarily raised for food, i.e. meat, milk, eggs, etc.",open_qa Which country has won the most world cups in soccer?,,Brazil has won 6 Fifa world cups and lead the pack followed by Germany and Italy who have won the coveted prize 4 times each. Argentina has won 3 Fifa world cups and are in 4th place for most world cups in soccer.,open_qa Who is the creator of Python?,,Guido van Rossum is the father of Python. And the 1st version of Python was released in 1991.,open_qa "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Llama, House cricket",,"House cricket is wild, Llama is domesticated",classification "Based on the information provided, what was the controversy surrounding the 2021 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix?","The 2021 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi Grand Prix 2021) was a Formula One motor race held on 12 December 2021 at the Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Contested over a distance of 58 laps, the race was the twenty-second and final round of the 2021 Formula One World Championship. The race decided both the Drivers' and Constructors' championships; Max Verstappen and Lewis Hamilton both had 369.5 points coming into the race. Hamilton led most of the race and appeared on course to win what would have been a record eighth World Drivers' Championship, having taken the lead at the start of the race at turn 1 on the first lap. However Verstappen was the eventual winner, overtaking Hamilton on the final lap after a controversial safety car restart in the last moments of the race. The FIA thus conducted an inquiry into the race which led to a restructuring of race control including the replacement of Michael Masi as race director and amendments to the safety car rules. That inquiry subsequently concluded that the race officials had misapplied the then-regulations due to human error, but confirmed the results. Verstappen's win secured his first Formula One World Drivers' Championship of his career by eight points from Hamilton, and Red Bull Racing's first since 2013. Mercedes won their eighth consecutive Formula One World Constructors' Championship, setting a new record. The Grand Prix was also the final race for 2007 World Champion Kimi Räikkönen; the 42-year-old Finn retired from Formula One after a two-decade career spanning 349 Grands Prix starts. Race Start and opening laps The race started at 17:00 local time on Sunday 12 December. Lewis Hamilton immediately took the lead from Max Verstappen on the race start, prompting Verstappen to attempt to regain his position at the turn 6 chicane. Verstappen's trajectory forced Hamilton off the track, and the Briton re-entered slightly further ahead of the Dutch driver than he was before the corner. Arguing that he should have ceded the position to Verstappen, Red Bull Racing protested the racing line taken by Hamilton, and were told by radio that Hamilton had ultimately given back any advantage gained. The incident was referred to the stewards, which concluded that no further investigation was necessary. Hamilton then utilised the durability of his medium-compound tyres to extend his lead over Verstappen, whose soft-compound tyres were suffering from greater degradation. Pit-stops and virtual safety car Verstappen made his stop at the end of lap 13 with Hamilton following suit one lap later, both opting for a set of the hardest tyres. The lead drivers pitting elevated Sergio Pérez to first, with the Mexican driver being informed his strategy was to hold up Hamilton to allow his teammate Verstappen to catch up. Hamilton caught up with Pérez on lap 20; a spirited defence from the Red Bull second driver allowed Verstappen to significantly close the gap from about 11 seconds after the pits to 1.3 second. Verstappen was unable to take advantage of it, with Hamilton's superior pace extending the gap to four seconds by the midpoint of the race. Final laps On lap 53, a crash at turn 14 for Nicholas Latifi, who was fighting for position with Haas' Mick Schumacher and had dirty tyres after going off circuit at turn 9, brought out the safety car. Hamilton again stayed out without pitting because he would have lost track position had the safety car period not ended, while Verstappen pitted behind him for a fresh set of the softest available tyres. Pérez retired under the safety car due to oil pressure. After Verstappen's pit stop, he retained second, but with five lapped cars (those of Lando Norris, Fernando Alonso, Esteban Ocon, Charles Leclerc, and Sebastian Vettel) between himself and Hamilton (in first). As the debris from Latifi's crash was being cleared by the race marshals, the lapped drivers were initially informed that they would not be permitted to overtake. On lap 57 Masi gave the direction that only the five cars between Hamilton and Verstappen were to unlap themselves. Immediately after Vettel passed the safety car to join the lead lap, race control announced the safety car would enter the pits at the end of the lap to allow for a final lap of green-flag racing, leading to angry remonstrations from Mercedes team principal Toto Wolff. On the final lap, Verstappen used his fresh soft tyres to pass Hamilton into turn 5 to take the lead of the race. He held off counter-attacks from Hamilton to win the race and his first World Drivers' Championship, with Hamilton in second and Ferrari driver Carlos Sainz Jr. in third. AlphaTauri driver Yuki Tsunoda finished in a career-best fourth place, after overtaking Bottas. Mercedes gained enough points to win their eighth consecutive Constructors' title, extending their own record. Over the radio, Wolff appealed to Masi to reinstate the order of the penultimate lap, to which Masi gave the reply: ""Toto, it's called a motor race, ok? We went car racing."" Safety car controversy Michael Masi was involved in a safety car procedure controversy during the last laps of the race. On lap 56 of the race, during which Hamilton was leading, Masi allowed only the five cars directly in between championship contenders Hamilton and Verstappen to unlap themselves before the restart. The race restarted, and on the final lap of the race, Verstappen overtook Hamilton and won the 2021 World Drivers' Championship. Mercedes' post-race protests Mercedes protested the race result, alleging that Verstappen had overtaken Hamilton during the safety car and that Masi violated safety car procedure by allowing the cars directly in front of Verstappen to unlap themselves, and no others, and that according to regulations the restart should have occurred the following lap, which would have resulted in Hamilton's victory. While the first issue was dismissed because Verstappen was not ahead at the end of the safety car period, the second issue was more contentious, with Mercedes retaining legal counsel for the protest. Mercedes argued that if a message for lapped cars to overtake is issued under Article 48.12, then all lapped cars are required to unlap, and that the safety car was required to wait until the end of the following lap to return to the pit lane; if this process was complied with, Mercedes submitted that Hamilton would have won the race and therefore the championship, and requested that the classification be amended as such. Red Bull argued that a) the regulation stated ""any cars"", not ""all cars"", were required to overtake under Articles 48.12; b) 48.13, which governs the withdrawal of the safety car, overrides Article 48.12; c) Article 15.3 gives the race director overriding authority over the use of the safety car; and d) the race result would not have changed if all eight lapped cars were permitted to unlap. Masi argued that the principle behind Article 48.12 was to remove cars which ""interfered"" with drivers racing on the lead lap and that all teams had agreed in principle that all races should end under racing conditions. The clerk of the course shall work in permanent consultation with the Race Director. The Race Director shall have overriding authority in the following matters and the clerk of the course may give orders in respect of them only with his express agreement: ... e) The use of the safety car. Mercedes lodged their intentions to appeal the ruling. Following the FIA's announcement that it would conduct a ""detailed analysis and clarification exercise"" of the incident and its admission that the controversy was ""tarnishing the image"" of the sport, Mercedes decided not to pursue their appeal, and announced the discontinuation of their protest on 16 December, several hours before the submission deadline. Amongst the reasons to discontinue, Wolff said that neither he nor Hamilton wished to be awarded the drivers' championship in court, and instead would focus their efforts in to ensuring an equitable result from the FIA's investigation into the sporting code. Wolff remained heavily critical of Masi's direction of the race—in particular, Wolff criticised Masi's decision in Abu Dhabi as being inconsistent with a decision at the 2020 Eifel Grand Prix, where Masi cited the need to let all cars unlap to extend a safety car period—and both he and Hamilton boycotted the FIA Prize Giving Ceremony that evening. Hamilton was later fined for not attending; he asked the FIA to donate the fine as contribution towards the work the body carries out with underprivileged children. The statement also fuelled speculation that Hamilton could announce a snap retirement after being disillusioned by the race's events, although Wolff indicated both he and his driver would continue in the sport after a period of reflection in the off-season. Race reactions and commentary In the immediate post-race interview, Hamilton and his father Anthony congratulated Verstappen and his family on his first World Drivers' Championship. Several drivers criticised Masi's decision which was seen as a divergence from standard safety car procedure. In a last-lap radio message to his race engineer Peter Bonnington, that was not played on the television feed, Hamilton said the race result had been ""manipulated"". Russell, who was signed to be Hamilton's teammate at Mercedes in 2022, called the race finishing decision of race director Michael Masi ""unacceptable"". Norris, who was situated at the front of the five cars permitted to unlap, said the decision to go racing again on the last lap was made ""for TV"", and Alonso, Ocon, Leclerc, and Vettel, the drivers of the other four cars in the pack, also expressed confusion at the sudden instruction to unlap. Daniel Ricciardo, who was situated immediately behind Verstappen during the safety car period and was not permitted to unlap himself, said he was ""speechless"" at the instruction, especially as it did not allow him to also race the five-car pack on newer soft-compound tyres, and Sainz Jr., who was positioned behind Ricciardo and Lance Stroll's cars upon the restart and was under pressure from Yuki Tsunoda, Pierre Gasly, and Valtteri Bottas, opined that the decision to resume racing under the circumstances ""nearly cost [him his] podium"". Speaking at Aston Martin's 2022 car launch in February 2022, Lance Stroll described the Abu Dhabi situation as ""ridiculous"" and that rules should be set in stone before a season starts.","While there was a lot of complexity based on the circumstances that occurred, the prevailing controversy with the race was related to the fact that lapped cars were only partially allowed to clear the track. This meant that Max Verstappen was cleared to attack Lewis Hamilton on fresher tyres for the last part of the final lap. Lewis and Max both needed to win the final race to win the championship. This would have been Max's first ever championship or Lewis' record-breaking 8th championship. By allowing only the cars between Max and Lewis, the race director only partially adhered to the rules. This virtually handed the win to Max and Red Bull. While Mercedes immediately protested the decision and final result. Max was awarded the championship.",closed_qa What is Asperger syndrome?,,"Asperger syndrome (AS), or Asperger's, is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. The syndrome is no longer recognized as a diagnosis, having been merged with other conditions into autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It was considered to differ from other diagnoses that were incorporated into ASD by relatively unimpaired spoken language and intelligence. The syndrome was named after the Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger, who, in 1944, described children in his care who struggled to form friendships, did not understand others’ gestures or feelings, engaged in one-sided conversations about their favorite interests, and were clumsy. In 1994, the diagnosis of Asperger's was included in the fourth edition (DSM-IV) of the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; however, with the publication of DSM-5 in 2013, the syndrome was removed, and the symptoms are now included within autism spectrum disorder along with classic autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). It was similarly merged into autism spectrum disorder in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) as of 2021. The exact cause of Asperger's is poorly understood. While it has high heritability, the underlying genetics have not been determined conclusively. Environmental factors are also believed to play a role. Brain imaging has not identified a common underlying condition. There is no single treatment, and the UK's National Health Service (NHS) guidelines suggest that ’treatment’ of any form of autism should not be a goal since autism is not an 'a disease that can be removed or cured’. According to the Royal College of Psychiatrists, while co-occurring conditions might require treatment, ’management of autism itself is chiefly about providing the education, training and social support/care required to improve the person's ability to function in the everyday world’. Only limited data support the effectiveness of particular interventions for autism. Interventions may include social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy, parent training, and medications for associated problems, such as mood or anxiety. Autistic characteristics tend to become less evident in adulthood , but social and communication difficulties usually persist.",open_qa When did Uber IPO?,,"Uber went public on May 9, 2019",open_qa Give me three festive holiday meals I could serve to my family for Christmas,,"Here are 3 festive meals for the holidays: * Prime Rib and Yorkshire Pudding is very traditional * Turkey, mashed potatoes, cranberries and stuffing are a colorful and delicious American tradition * Leg of lamb with mint sauce is also a cheerful option",brainstorming What are some examples of frequently purchased essential oils?,,"Some examples of frequently purchased essential oils include peppermint, spearmint, tea tree, grapefruit, lemon, orange, rosemary, and spruce oils.",open_qa Why are plants green?,,"Green coloration comes from the reflection of light off of a plant's cells. The plants cells are full of photosynthesizing chemicals called chlorophyll which reflect a green color. Not all plants look green though, due to the ability to reflect other wavelengths of light. When plants lose chlorophyll they will tend to lose the green color. This is why plants lose their green color in the fall and turn into red, orange, and yellow.",open_qa How does water feel?,,"Water is typically a fluid at room temperature, as a fluid it feels wet. As a solid, its ice, which feels hard. As a gas, its vapor, which feels like a cool mist.",open_qa Give me a bullet list of 5 US states that have a coastline with the Pacific Ocean,,"- California - Oregon - Washington - Alaska - Hawaii",brainstorming What is a career grand slam in professional golf?,,"A career grand slam is achieved when a professional golfer is able to win all of golf's major championships. These four tournaments are the Masters Tournament, the PGA Championship, the U.S. Open, and The Open Championship. No golfer in the modern era has ever completed a grand slam in the same calendar year.",creative_writing Who are the best rappers in history?,,"Eminiem, Tupoc, Notorious BIG, Redman, Jay-Z, Andre 3000",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Hyoshigi, Ronroco",,"Ronroco is string, Hyoshigi is percussion.",classification "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Koi, Common Carp",,"Common Carp is wild, Koi is domesticated.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Jawbone, Grand Stick",,"Grand Stick is string, Jawbone is percussion.",classification Give me a list of popular DTC brands,,"- Allbirds - Away - Warby Parker - Stitch Fix - Harry's - Peloton - Casper - Birchbox - Shein - Chubbies",brainstorming What are some good date ideas?,,"Tour an animal rescue, dine at a local vegan restaurant, visit the art museum, explore a botanical garden, plant-based picnic in the park, volunteer at a humane society to walk the dogs or play with the cats, hike at a local state or national park",brainstorming Think up ways to clean a keyboard.,,"Some ways to clean a keyboard: use a compressed air can to blow out dust, manually take off each key cap using a specialized key tool and wash them in soap and water, use a dusting brush that is designed for fitting in the keyboard grooves, use an antistatic dusting wipe.",brainstorming List the names of the people mentioned in the text provided.,"John Wycliffe questioned the privileged status of the clergy which had bolstered their powerful role in England and the luxury and pomp of local parishes and their ceremonies. He was accordingly characterised as the ""evening star"" of scholasticism and as the morning star or stella matutina of the English Reformation. In 1374, Catherine of Siena began travelling with her followers throughout northern and central Italy advocating reform of the clergy and advising people that repentance and renewal could be done through ""the total love for God."" She carried on a long correspondence with Pope Gregory XI, asking him to reform the clergy and the administration of the Papal States. The oldest Protestant churches, such as the Moravian Church, date their origins to Jan Hus (John Huss) in the early 15th century. As it was led by a Bohemian noble majority, and recognised, for some time, by the Basel Compacts, the Hussite Reformation was Europe's first ""Magisterial Reformation"" because the ruling magistrates supported it, unlike the ""Radical Reformation"", which the state did not support.","The people mentioned in the text include John Wycliffe, Catherine of Siena, Pope Gregory XI, and Jan Hus (or 'John Huss' as it is typically spelled by English speakers).",information_extraction Which TV show from the 80s and 90s features a bar owned by a former baseball player?,,Cheers,open_qa what is the best song produced by the band Rush,,Red Barchetta,open_qa What is the difference between a paint and a pinto?,,"A paint horse is a breed called the ""American Paint Horse"" with bloodlines from registered Quarter Horses, Thoroughbreds or Arabian horses with bold two-color markings and a pinto is a loose term used to describe any horse with bold white markings on its coat but can be any breed.",open_qa Give me a list of summer activities for an 8-year-old.,,"Soccer Swim class Movies with family or friends Hike Scavenger hunt in the neighborhood summer school write a play take an art class dance class",brainstorming Why does my chicken create so much liquid when cooked in the skillet?,,"Once you dice up your chicken and pop it into the skillet, try to leave it undisturbed for 3-4 minutes while it cooks. Once browned on that side, flip it and do not disturb it again until the other side is browned. This will help reduce the amount of liquid created in your skillet. If you do end up with too much liquid, and you want to reduce it due to seasonings and flavor that may be present, you can take the chicken out and put it on a plate. This will allow you not to overcook the chicken but also reduce the liquid left in the skillet and intensify the flavor that is left.",creative_writing List top 5 people with most medals in the olympics,,"1. Michael Phelps - 28 medals 2. Larisa Latynina - 18 medals 3. Marit Bjorgen - 15 medals 4. Nikolai Andrianov - 15 medals 5. Ole Einar Bjorndalen - 13 medals",brainstorming Who was the founder of the Methodist Church?,"Samuel Wesley (24 February 1766 – 11 October 1837) was an English organist and composer in the late Georgian period. Wesley was a contemporary of Mozart (1756–1791) and was called by some ""the English Mozart"". Born in Bristol, he was the son of noted Methodist and hymnodist Charles Wesley, the grandson of Samuel Wesley (a poet of the late Stuart period) and the nephew of John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist Church.",John Wesley,information_extraction "Classify the below characters based on whether they are created by Marvel comics or D.C. comics Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Aquaman",,"DC- Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Aquaman Marvel- Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange",classification "Given this paragraph about Grumpy Cat, tell me the cat's real name.","Tardar Sauce (April 4, 2012 – May 14, 2019), nicknamed Grumpy Cat, was an American Internet celebrity cat. She was known for her permanently ""grumpy"" facial appearance, which was caused by an underbite and feline dwarfism. She came to prominence when a photograph of her was posted on September 22, 2012, on social news website Reddit by Bryan Bundesen, the brother of her owner Tabatha Bundesen. ""Lolcats"" and parodies created from the photograph by Reddit users became popular. She was the subject of a popular Internet meme in which humorously negative, cynical images were made from photographs of her.",Grumpy Cat was actually a nickname for the famous internet celebrity meme cat. Her real name was Tardar Sauce.,closed_qa "Netflix views streaming video as a ""sustaining"" technology that extends its core mail DVD business. Do you agree with this, or do you think streaming video is a ""disruptive"" technology for Netflix that does not align with its core business and requires a different strategy?",,"Netflix did a strategic renewal by cannibalizing its own cash cow business of mail-in-DVD services. This was the right move as internet speeds were increasing and moving towards broadband. Netflix was even considering launching a TV box if internet speeds remained constant. I agree that streaming video is a disruptive technology for Netflix, requiring a different strategy. Adopting a disruptive technology, Netflix forced Blockbuster to offer the mail-in-DVD service. By the time Blockbuster offered the mail-in-DVD service, Netflix had already begun experimenting with streaming videos and had started offering the streaming video platform. Netflix made Blockbuster dance to its tunes. Netflix, currently valued at $150 billion, changed its business model twice by cannibalizing its core services, shifting from mail-in- DVD service to subscription service to streaming video subscription service. This strategic renewal is one of the critical reasons for Netflix to become a valuable company and one of the pioneers in cloud computing that defined the architecture for AWS and set the freedom and responsibility culture for other silicon valley firms to emulate.",creative_writing Name a few famous movies from 2013,,"A few examples of famous films are ""Her"", ""The Wolf of Wall Street"", and ""12 Years a Slave"" which won the Oscar for Best Picture",open_qa Would you rather be stuck on a broken ski lift or a broken elevator?,,"While both are not ideal situations, at least with the ski lift, you get to have a view and fresh air. It’s also important in terms of communication, if you are stuck in an elevator during a black-out , it might be challenging to communicate before help can arrive. This is important if you are claustrophobic.",brainstorming How was Netflix able to overcome Blockbuster’s industry dominance in home video rentals?,,"Blockbuster, at its peak, was raking in $6 billion in revenues when Netflix entered the market as a disruptor with mail-in-DVD service. When Netflix arrived, Blockbuster was already a mature offering with no innovation. It had 6000 stores nationwide, and the customer service could have been better, especially with late fees. Blockbuster collected customers' $800 million in late fees in 2006 alone. Netflix’s mail-in-DVD service offered a lower performance for the customers as they had to pick titles on their portal pre- and wait for 2 to 3 days before they arrived in their mailbox. However, disgruntled customers from Blockbuster’s late fees switched to Netflix, which was the initial trigger. At first, Netflix's beachhead audience was the dissatisfied customers from Blockbuster. Netflix is led by Reed Hastings, a visionary who made a bet on video streaming on the internet. With scarce resources spent on technology, Reed Hastings incorporated a “Freedom and responsibility” culture within Netflix. This propelled Netflix into the new era of winning in the subscription video streaming business model. Blockbuster meanwhile had expensive operations with 6000 stores and 25000 staff, while Netflix operated with two data centers and a few warehouses with less than 500 staff. Blockbuster eventually launched its online business. However, the 2008 financial crisis and the mounting debt they incurred for their investments in their online business was too much for the company, and they eventually filed for bankruptcy.",creative_writing Name a song written by Hank Williams?,,"""I'm a Long Gone Daddy"" is a country song written and recorded by Hank Williams. It was released in 1948 on MGM Records and became his second top ten hit.",open_qa What is Palmitoyl-CoA?,,"Palmitoyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA thioester. It is an ""activated"" form of palmitic acid and can be transported into the mitochondrial matrix by the carnitine shuttle system (which transports fatty acyl-CoA molecules into the mitochondria), and once inside can participate in beta-oxidation. Alternatively, palmitoyl-CoA is used as a substrate in the biosynthesis of sphingosine (this biosynthetic pathway does not require transfer into the mitochondria).",open_qa Give me a list of science fiction books that every sci-fi fan should read.,,"The following books are strongly recommended for any science fiction fan to read: - The Three Body Problem Trilogy by Cixin Liu - Dune by Frank Herbert - The Robot Series by Isaac Asimov - Foundation Trilogy by Isaac Asimov - Ender's Game by Orson Scott Card - A Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams - The Stand by Stephen King - The Children of Men by PD James",brainstorming "Classify each sports as either cardio, racket or team: running, biking, basketball, football, badminton, tennis, squash, swimming.",,"Running, Biking and Swimming are Cardio sports, while badminton, tennis and squash are racket sports, and lastly, basketball and football are team sports.",classification "Tell me which of the following are tropical fruits: Passion fruit, Lychee, Apple, Strawberry",,"Sure! A tropical fruit is a fruit that typically grows in warm climates or equatorial areas. Passion fruit and Lychee are tropical fruits, whereas Apple and Strawberries are temperate fruits. Temperate fruits are those fruits which re adapted to the climate in middle latitude",classification Please give me details about the French submarine Requin,,"The French submarine Requin was the lead ship of the Requin-class submarines built for the French Navy in the mid-1920s. Laid down in June 1922, it was launched in July 1924 and commissioned in May 1926. It was captured by Italian forces at Bizerte, Tunisia on 8 December 1942 and renamed FR 113. On 9 September 1943, it was recaptured by German forces. It was sold for scrap in Genes, Italy in 1944. Design 78 m (255 ft 11 in) long, with a beam of 6.8 m (22 ft 4 in) and a draught of 5.1 m (16 ft 9 in), Requin-class submarines could dive up to 80 m (260 ft). The submarine had a surfaced displacement of 1,150 tonnes (1,132 long tons) and a submerged displacement of 1,441 tonnes (1,418 long tons). Propulsion while surfaced was provided by two 2,900 hp (2,163 kW) diesel motors and two 1,800 hp (1,342 kW) electric motors. The submarines' electrical propulsion allowed it to attain speeds of 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) while submerged and 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) on the surface. Their surfaced range was 7,700 nautical miles (14,300 km) at 9 knots (17 km/h), and 4,000 nautical miles (7,400 km) at 12 knots (22 km/h), with a submerged range of 70 nautical miles (130 km) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h).",open_qa Tell me about the Sukhoi-Gulfstream,"Sukhoi-Gulfstream S-21 was a projected Russian-American supersonic business jet. In the early 1990s, Gulfstream Aerospace and the Sukhoi Design Bureau began a joint effort to develop a supersonic small business jet, code named the S-21. Due to questionable market demand for commercial supersonic air travel, commitment to the project weakened and delays mounted. Gulfstream eventually dissolved the partnership, although Sukhoi continued work on the S-21. The S-21 would be capable of sustained cruise at Mach 2+ and much research and development has gone into the management of the troublesome transonic effects phenomena associated with near Mach 1 air speeds. As of 2012, the project had not received any funding for the 2013-2025 development period and appeared to be cancelled.","The Sukhoi-Gulfstream S-21 was a projected Russian-American supersonic business jet. In the early 1990s, Gulfstream Aerospace and the Sukhoi Design Bureau began a joint effort to develop a supersonic small business jet, code named the S-21. Due to questionable market demand for commercial supersonic air travel, commitment to the project weakened and delays mounted.",summarization What are some of the differences between English and Mandarin Chinese languages?,,"There are quite few differences. 1. Chinese characters are hieroglyphic; English words are phonic. 2. Chinese is character based; English is word based. 3. Chinese verbs don't have tenses; English verbs do 4. Chinese characters have tones; English words don't 5. Chinese adverbs and adjectives are indistinguishable; English adverbs and adjectives are different words most of the time 6. Chinese questions are sentences with a special character added to the end; English question are sentences with a special word added to the front",brainstorming How many golf clubs can a player carry in their bag?,,"Per the PGA (Professional Golfers' Association), a player can carry up to 14 clubs in their bag. There is no minimum number of clubs a player must carry.",open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Livyatan, Mountain Gorilla",,"Mountain Gorilla is alive, Livyatan is extinct.",classification What is the best northeast mountain for skiing?,,Hunter mountain has the most diversity in trails and is an easy trip from New York.,brainstorming "If you could come back to life as any person, animal or thing, what or who would you be and how would you live your second life?",,"If I were to come back to life as anything, I would love to come back as a dog. Ideally, I would be with a loving family since from my early years as a puppy and be their guard dog. I would ensure that they would be loved, cuddled and cared for every day. Many times they will have to pick up after me because as a puppy I won't know any better and I need them to teach me all the things I need to know. Over the years, I will get to enjoy going on walks to the park, lay on the couch, do tricks for treats and play with my humans. My goal would be to ensure that everyone around me knows that they are loved by me. This world needs more kind souls and love and that's why I would come back as a dog.",creative_writing "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cultrun, Kora",,"Kora is string, Cultrun is percussion.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Nagara, Sape",,"Sape is string, Nagara is percussion",classification What are your 5 favourite museums in London?,,"Here are my 5 favourite museums in London: - Natural History Museum - The National Gallery - British Museum - Tate Modern - Royal Air Force Museum",brainstorming "Tell me whether the following countries are located in Europe, North America, South America, Africa, or Asia: France, Mexico, Peru, India, Nepal, Rwanda, Egypt, Portugal, Kenya, Argentina, Canada",,"France: Europe Mexico: North America Peru: South America India: Asia Nepal: Asia Rwanda: Africa Egypt: Africa Portugal: Europe Kenya: Africa Argentina: South America Canada: North America",classification What game was the animated series Tank Knights Fortress based on?,"Fortress is a shooter video game developed by CCR Inc and published by Netsgo. The game spawned an animated series, Tank Knights Fortress, and a sequel, Fortress 2. On November 18, 2011, service for the game was terminated in South Korea and Japan.",Fortress.,closed_qa What is the history of coffee?,"The history of coffee dates back to centuries of old oral tradition in modern day Ethiopia. However, neither where coffee was first cultivated nor direct evidence of its consumption prior to the 15th century have been found. Sufi monasteries in Yemen employed coffee as an aid to concentration during prayers. Coffee later spread to the Levant and Persia in the early 16th century; it caused some controversy on whether it was halal in Ottoman and Mamluk society. Coffee arrived in Italy the second half of the 16th century through commercial Mediterranean trade routes, while Central and Eastern Europeans learnt of coffee from the Ottomans. By the mid 17th century, it had reached India and the East Indies. Coffee houses would establish themselves in Western Europe by the late 17th century, especially in England and Germany. One of the earliest cultivations of coffee in the New World was when Gabriel de Clieu brought coffee seedlings to Martinique in 1720. These beans later sprouted 18,680 coffee trees which enabled its spread to other Caribbean islands like Saint-Domingue and also to Mexico. By 1788, Saint-Domingue supplied half the world's coffee. By 1852, globally, Brazil became the largest producer of coffee and has held that status ever since. The period since 1950 saw the widening of the playing field due to the emergence of several other major producers, notably Colombia, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, and Vietnam; the latter overtook Colombia and became the second-largest producer in 1999. Modern production techniques along with the mass productization of coffee has made it a household item today.","Much of the early history of coffee was tied to oral tradition in modern-day Ethiopia. Presently, there is no evidence of coffee consumption and cultivation before the 15th century. Yemeni monks drank coffee to aid in concentration during prayers. In the early 16th century, coffee spread to the Levant and Persia. Later in the 16th-century coffee arrived in Italy via Mediterranean trade routes. The Ottomans brought it to Central and Eastern Europe. It reached India by the mid-17th century.England and Germany pioneered the coffee house concept that emerged in Western Europe. The Caribbean island of Martinique hosted one of the earliest ex-situ coffee cultivations in the New World - Gabriel de Clieu brought coffee seedlings here in 1720. These resulted in coffee plantations in other Caribbean islands like Saint-Domingue (which, by 1788, supplied half of the world's coffee) and also in Mexico.Brazil is currently the largest coffee producer globally, a status held since 1852. Since 1950, a number of other major producers emerged, including Colombia, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, and Vietnam. Today, coffee is a household item as a result of modern production techniques and mass productization.",closed_qa "Classify each of the following activities as ""active"" or ""lazy"": Running, jogging, biking, watching TV, drinking beer, laying down, lifting weights",,"Running: Active Jogging: Active Biking: Active Watching TV: Lazy Drinking Beer: Lazy Laying Down: Lazy Lifting Weights: Active",classification Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name},"Conisbrough Castle is a medieval fortification in Conisbrough, South Yorkshire, England. The castle was initially built in the 11th century by William de Warenne, the Earl of Surrey, after the Norman conquest of England in 1066. Hamelin Plantagenet, the illegitimate, parvenu brother of Henry II, acquired the property by marriage in the late 12th century. Hamelin and his son William rebuilt the castle in stone, including its prominent 28-metre (92 ft)-high keep. The castle remained in the family line into the 14th century, despite being seized several times by the Crown. The fortification was then given to Edmund of Langley, passing back into royal ownership in 1461.","• William de Warenne • Hamelin Plantagenet • Henry II • William Plantagenet • Edmund of Langley",information_extraction Which NFL teams have gone to the Super Bowl at least once but have never won a Super Bowl title?,,"Buffalo Bills, Minnesota Vikings, Cincinnati Bengals, Atlanta Falcons, Carolina Panthers, Houston/Tennessee/Oilers/Titans, San Diego/Los Angeles Chargers, St. Louis/Phoenix/Arizona Cardinals",open_qa "Tell me if these cities are in the United States or England: New York, Manchester, Bath, San Francisco, Oxford",,"New York: United States, Manchester: England, Bath: England, San Francisco: United States, Oxford: England",classification "Which dog is the hero of the 1925 serum rum to Nome, Alaska?",,"While Balto is the most popular and well-known dog of the serum run, also called the Great Race of Mercy, it was actually another dog named Togo whose team covered the most miles on the dangerous trail. Balto was the lead dog of Gunnar Kaasen's dog sled team, who covered the last 55 miles of the race relay. Togo, the lead dog of Leonhard Seppala's team, covered the previous 261 miles of their relay segment which was in much harsher and dangerous territory. Balto has received much more attention and glory for his participation.",open_qa "Given a reference text about The Universal Data Element Framework (UDEF), tell me how the framework is used.","The Universal Data Element Framework (UDEF) was a controlled vocabulary developed by The Open Group. It provided a framework for categorizing, naming, and indexing data. It assigned to every item of data a structured alphanumeric tag plus a controlled vocabulary name that describes the meaning of the data. This allowed relating data elements to similar elements defined by other organizations. UDEF defined a Dewey-decimal like code for each concept. For example, an ""employee number"" is often used in human resource management. It has a UDEF tag a.5_12.35.8 and a controlled vocabulary description ""Employee.PERSON_Employer.Assigned.IDENTIFIER"". UDEF has been superseded by the Open Data Element Framework (O-DEF).","The UDEF is a framework for categorizing, naming, and indexing data.",closed_qa List some titles from Ray Bradbury.,,"Fahrenheit 451, The Martian Chronicles, Dandelion Wine, Something Wicked This Way Comes, The Halloween Tree",classification What are the best woods for smoking?,,"Oak is the quintessential go-to for smoking meat. It is a great place to start if you are a newbie to smoking. It will lend a medium to a strong flavor that is seldom overpowering. - Best Meat to Smoke: Lamb, beef, brisket, and sausages Hickory is the most versatile choice as it can be used to smoke wood in many ways. Be careful, though, because too much hickory flavor will cause your meat to have a more bitter flavor. It has a sweet, savory, and hearty, a bit bacony. - Best Meat to Smoke: Larger cuts of ribs and pork shoulders, as well as almost all red meat and poultry. Maple is one of the most subtle smoking wood, it will impart a more subtle smoke flavor. Use maple for a sweet, light, mild smokiness. - Best Meat to Smoke: Poultry, pork, game foul Mesquite is a hardy wood packing intense flavor. It is recommended for grilling, or to be used in smaller quantities. It is famous for its strong, intense, and unique. - Best Meat to Smoke: Red Meat and for adding additional flavor when grilling Pecan will lend a rich, sweet, nutty flavor. In fact, the wood is so sweet that you may want to use a combination of it with another harder wood to balance out the flavor. - Best Meat to Smoke: Briskets, roasts, and ribs Applewood is mild and sweet, lending a mellow flavor. Apple smoke flavors take a while to permeate the meat, so anticipate several hours of smoking. - Best Meat to Smoke: Chicken, wild foul, pork Alder has a very light and sweet flavor profile. It lends a delicate and sweet characteristic. - Best Meat to Smoke: Fish, like salmon and other Pacific Northwestern types. Cherry is mild and fruity, and when mixed with other hardwood like hickory, the two flavors compliment each other for an amazing result. - Best Meat to Smoke: Chicken, turkey, ham",open_qa What did the CFO do after Paypal?,"Individuals whom the media refers to as members of the PayPal Mafia include: Peter Thiel, PayPal founder and former chief executive officer who is sometimes referred to as the ""don"" of the PayPal Mafia Max Levchin, founder and chief technology officer at PayPal Elon Musk, co-founder of Zip2, founder of X.com which merged with Confinity to form PayPal. Musk later founded SpaceX, co-founded Tesla, Inc., co-founded OpenAI, Neuralink, founded The Boring Company, and became owner of Twitter, Inc. David O. Sacks, former PayPal COO who later founded Geni.com and Yammer Scott Banister, early advisor and board member at PayPal. Roelof Botha, former PayPal CFO who later became a partner and Senior Steward of venture capital firm Sequoia Capital Steve Chen, former PayPal engineer who co-founded YouTube. Reid Hoffman, former executive vice president who later founded LinkedIn and was an early investor in Facebook, Aviary Ken Howery, former PayPal CFO who became a partner at Founders Fund Chad Hurley, former PayPal web designer who co-founded YouTube Eric M. Jackson, who wrote the book The PayPal Wars and became chief executive officer of WND Books and co-founded CapLinked Jawed Karim, former PayPal engineer who co-founded YouTube Jared Kopf, former PayPal (executive assistant to Peter Thiel) who co-founded Slide, HomeRun and NextRoll Dave McClure, former PayPal marketing director, a super angel investor for start up companies Andrew McCormack, co-founder of Valar Ventures Luke Nosek, PayPal co-founder and former vice president of marketing and strategy, became a partner at Founders Fund with Peter Thiel and Ken Howery Keith Rabois, former executive at PayPal who later worked at LinkedIn, Slide, Square, Khosla Ventures, and currently with Peter Thiel at Founders Fund, and personally invested in Tokbox, Xoom, Slide, LinkedIn, Geni, Room 9 Entertainment, YouTube, and Yelp Jack Selby, former vice president of corporate and international development at PayPal who co-founded Clarium Capital with Peter Thiel, later becoming managing director of Grandmaster Capital Management Premal Shah, former product manager at PayPal, became the founding president of Kiva.org Russel Simmons, former PayPal engineer who co-founded Yelp Inc. Jeremy Stoppelman, former vice president of technology at PayPal who later co-founded Yelp Yishan Wong, former engineering manager at PayPal, later worked at Facebook and became the CEO of Reddit","Roelof Botha, one of the former CFOs, became partner and Senior Steward of venture capital firm Sequoia Capital. Ken Howery, the other CFO, became a partner at Founders Fund.",summarization "Classify each of the following as either a true statement or a false statement: 1. Albert Einstein was a Chinese mathematician that lived in the 19th and 20th century. 2. Pigs are not mammals. 3. This question contains four statements that need classification.",,"Statement number 1 is mostly false, since Albert Einstein was neither Chinese or a mathematician. He was a German theoretical physicist. However, he did in fact live during the 19th and 20th centuries. Statement number 2 is false. Pigs are in fact mammals. Statement number 3 is false. This question actually contained 3 statements.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Janzi, Gemshorn",,"Gemshorn is woodwind, Janzi is string.",classification Tell me the awards that Zhu won and the year that she won them in the following format: {Award}: {Year},"Zhu's works, most related to home, travel, explore and strangeness, have been published in magazines and shown at photography festival internationally, including the FORMAT International Festival and Lianzhou International Photo Festival. Her photobook was selected as for the PHOTOEYE's Best Books of 2012. She also won the Three Shadows Photography Award in 2014 and the Barcelona International Photography Awards in 2015. When Zhu was in secondary school, she was more interested in the village she lived in, especially the old houses going to disappear. Thus, she started photographing them and that was the first time she picked up her grandfather's camera and created something. At the time that digital camera being popular, her parent bought her one which was a Taiwan brand called PREMIER.","Here is a list of awards that Zhu won and the year in which she won them: PHOTOEYE's Best Books of 2012: 2012 Three Shadows Photography Award: 2014 Barcelona International Photography Awards: 2015",information_extraction What dispatchable source of power on electric grids are faster than battery storage power stations?,"A battery storage power station is a type of energy storage power station that uses a group of batteries to store electrical energy. Battery storage is the fastest responding dispatchable source of power on electric grids, and it is used to stabilise those grids, as battery storage can transition from standby to full power in under a second to deal with grid contingencies. At full rated power, battery storage power stations are generally designed to output for up to a few hours. Battery storage can be used for short-term peak power and ancillary services, such as providing operating reserve and frequency control to minimize the chance of power outages. They are often installed at, or close to, other active or disused power stations and may share the same grid connection to reduce costs. Since battery storage plants require no deliveries of fuel, are compact compared to generating stations and have no chimneys or large cooling systems, they can be rapidly installed and placed if necessary within urban areas, close to customer load.",None. Battery storage is the fastest responding dispatchable source of power on electric grids.,closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Dholak, Sitar",,"Sitar is string, Dholak is percussion.",classification Extract from the text the films that the actor Paul Harvey participated in. Separate them with a comma.,"Primarily a character actor, Harvey began his career on stage and in silent films. He appeared in the Broadway and original film versions of The Awful Truth, then had supporting roles in many Hollywood films, often portraying dignified executives or pompous authority figures. He was a vacationing businessman whose car is commandeered by fugitive killer Humphrey Bogart in the 1936 crime drama The Petrified Forest and the minister who marries Spencer Tracy's daughter Elizabeth Taylor in the 1950 comedy Father of the Bride and baptizes her baby in its sequel. In the thriller Side Street, Harvey played a married man forced to pay $30,000 in blackmail money after having an affair. Besides his numerous films, Harvey appeared in 1950s television series such as I Love Lucy, December Bride, My Little Margie, Father Knows Best and The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show before his death from a coronary thrombosis in 1955.","The Awful Truth, The Petrified Forest, Father of the Bride, Side Street.",information_extraction Why is the sun more intense at high altitude,"The amount of heat energy received at any location on the globe is a direct effect of Sun angle on climate, as the angle at which sunlight strikes Earth varies by location, time of day, and season due to Earth's orbit around the Sun and Earth's rotation around its tilted axis. Seasonal change in the angle of sunlight, caused by the tilt of Earth's axis, is the basic mechanism that results in warmer weather in summer than in winter.Change in day length is another factor. Presents a case when sunlight shines on Earth at a lower angle (Sun closer to the horizon), the energy of the sunlight is spread over a larger area, and is therefore weaker than if the Sun is higher overhead and the energy is concentrated on a smaller area.","It's commonly known that the sun is more intense at higher altitudes. However, contrary to popular belief, the sun is not more intense due to being closer to the sun, but the angle of incidence of the sun. The angle of incidence is steeper, and therefore the density of the sun's radiant energy is concentrated to a high density in a smaller area. This makes the sun's energy more intense",closed_qa I need some ideas for a first date.,,"- Dinner at your favorite pizzeria - A walk around a local park - Mid-afternoon coffee at a local coffee shop - Tour a museum",creative_writing Why did the founders of YouTube start with money?,"YouTube was founded by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. The trio were early employees of PayPal, which left them enriched after the company was bought by eBay. Hurley had studied design at the Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. According to a story that has often been repeated in the media, Hurley and Chen developed the idea for YouTube during the early months of 2005, after they had experienced difficulty sharing videos that had been shot at a dinner party at Chen's apartment in San Francisco. Karim did not attend the party and denied that it had occurred, but Chen remarked that the idea that YouTube was founded after a dinner party ""was probably very strengthened by marketing ideas around creating a story that was very digestible"". Karim said the inspiration for YouTube first came from the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy, when Janet Jackson's breast was briefly exposed by Justin Timberlake during the halftime show. Karim could not easily find video clips of the incident and the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami online, which led to the idea of a video-sharing site. Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. They created posts on Craigslist asking attractive women to upload videos of themselves to YouTube in exchange for a $100 reward. Difficulty in finding enough dating videos led to a change of plans, with the site's founders deciding to accept uploads of any video. The YouTube logo used from its launch until 2007; it returned in 2008 before being removed again in 2010. Another version of this logo without the ""Broadcast Yourself"" slogan was used until 2011. YouTube began as a venture capital–funded technology startup. Between November 2005 and April 2006, the company raised money from various investors, with Sequoia Capital, $11.5 million, and Artis Capital Management, $8 million, being the largest two. YouTube's early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and a Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. In February 2005, the company activated www.youtube.com. The first video was uploaded April 23, 2005. Titled Me at the zoo, it shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo and can still be viewed on the site. In May, the company launched a public beta and by November, a Nike ad featuring Ronaldinho became the first video to reach one million total views. The site launched officially on December 15, 2005, by which time the site was receiving 8 million views a day. Clips at the time were limited to 100 megabytes, as little as 30 seconds of footage. YouTube was not the first video-sharing site on the Internet; Vimeo was launched in November 2004, though that site remained a side project of its developers from CollegeHumor at the time and did not grow much, either. The week of YouTube's launch, NBC-Universal's Saturday Night Live ran a skit ""Lazy Sunday"" by The Lonely Island. Besides helping to bolster ratings and long-term viewership for Saturday Night Live, ""Lazy Sunday""'s status as an early viral video helped establish YouTube as an important website. Unofficial uploads of the skit to YouTube drew in more than five million collective views by February 2006 before they were removed when NBCUniversal requested it two months later based on copyright concerns. Despite eventually being taken down, these duplicate uploads of the skit helped popularize YouTube's reach and led to the upload of more third-party content. The site grew rapidly; in July 2006, the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The choice of the name www.youtube.com led to problems for a similarly named website, www.utube.com. That site's owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube subsequently changed its website to www.utubeonline.com.","Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim were early employees of PayPal, was bought by eBay.",summarization "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Sivatherium, Bowhead Whale",,"Bowhead Whale is alive, Sivatherium is extinct.",classification "Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Dongfeng, Chrysler",,"Chrysler is American, Dongfeng is Chinese",classification "Which is a bird or fish: Redfin perch, Red-breasted merganser",,"Red-breasted merganser is a bird, Redfin perch is a fish",classification "Classify each of these as ground transportation or aviation transportation: airplane, truck, bicycle, unicycle, jet, wagon, helicopter.",,"Ground transportation would include all vehicles that travel along the ground. From the list you provided these include: truck, bicycle, unicycle, and wagon. Aviation transportation includes any vehicle that flies. From the list you provided these include: airplane, jet, and helicopter.",classification What coloring of cat is usually almost always female?,,Tortoiseshell cats are frequently female.,open_qa What are some different types of desserts?,,"Some different types of desserts are: cupcakes, cookies, cake, chocolate fondue, pudding, and lemon tart.",brainstorming Extract the special guests that Taylor Swift had on her 1989 Tour in 2015. Separate them with a comma.,"Below is the complete list of special guests who appeared onstage or performed with Swift on the 1989 World Tour. May 15, 2015 – Las Vegas: ""Tenerife Sea"" with Ed Sheeran May 30, 2015 – Detroit: ""Radioactive"" with Dan Reynolds of Imagine Dragons; Martha Hunt & Gigi Hadid. June 6, 2015 – Pittsburgh: ""Pontoon"" with Little Big Town. June 12, 2015 – Philadelphia: ""Cool Kids"" with Echosmith; Cara Delevingne & Mariska Hargitay. June 13, 2015 – Philadelphia: ""Fight Song"" with Rachel Platten; Mariska Hargitay. June 27, 2015 – London: Gigi Hadid, Kendall Jenner, Serena Williams, Martha Hunt, Karlie Kloss and Cara Delevingne. July 10, 2015 – East Rutherford: ""Can't Feel My Face"" with The Weeknd; Heidi Klum and United States women's national soccer team; Lily Aldridge, Lena Dunham, Gigi Hadid and Hailee Steinfeld. July 11, 2015 – East Rutherford: ""Jealous"" with Nick Jonas; Gigi Hadid, Martha Hunt, Lily Aldridge, Candice Swanepoel, Behati Prinsloo, Karlie Kloss, and Uzo Aduba. July 13, 2015 – Washington, D.C.: ""Royals"" with Lorde. July 14, 2015 – Washington, D.C.: ""Want to Want Me"" with Jason Derulo. July 18, 2015 – Chicago: ""Honey, I'm Good."" with Andy Grammer; Serayah. July 19, 2015 – Chicago: ""Take Your Time"" with Sam Hunt; Andreja Pejić & Lily Donaldson. July 24, 2015 – Foxborough: ""Shut Up and Dance"" with Walk the Moon. July 25, 2015 – Foxborough: ""Classic"" with MKTO. August 1, 2015 – Vancouver: ""Am I Wrong"" with Nico & Vinz. August 8, 2015 – Seattle: ""Trap Queen"" with Fetty Wap; Ciara and Russell Wilson. August 14, 2015 – Santa Clara: ""Worth It"" with Fifth Harmony. August 15, 2015 – Santa Clara: ""Black Magic"" with Little Mix; Joan Baez and Julia Roberts. August 21, 2015 – Los Angeles: ""Counting Stars"" with Ryan Tedder of OneRepublic; Kobe Bryant presenting Swift with a banner hung on the Staples Center rafters in honor of Swift's 16 sold out shows, the most of any recording artist at the arena. August 22, 2015 – Los Angeles: ""White Horse"" with Uzo Aduba; Chris Rock, Matt LeBlanc and Sean O'Pry; ""Doubt"" and ""Family Affair"" with Mary J. Blige. August 24, 2015 – Los Angeles: ""Goodbye Earl"" with Natalie Maines of the Dixie Chicks; Ellen DeGeneres; ""You Oughta Know"" with Alanis Morissette. August 25, 2015 – Los Angeles: ""Dreams"" with Beck and St. Vincent; ""All of Me"" with John Legend. August 26, 2015 – Los Angeles: ""Good for You"" with Selena Gomez; ""Smelly Cat"" with Lisa Kudrow; ""Mirrors"" with Justin Timberlake. August 29, 2015 – San Diego: ""Cheerleader"" with OMI; ""Complicated"" with Avril Lavigne. September 9, 2015 – Houston: ""See You Again"" with Wiz Khalifa. September 16, 2015 – Indianapolis: ""If I Die Young"" with The Band Perry. September 18, 2015 – Columbus: ""Cool Kids"" with Sydney Sierota of Echosmith. September 21, 2015 – Kansas City: ""Every Mile a Memory"" with Dierks Bentley. September 25, 2015 – Nashville: ""Love Me Like You Mean It"" with Kelsea Ballerini; ""I Don't Want to Miss a Thing"" with Steven Tyler of Aerosmith; ""When You Say Nothing at All"" with Alison Krauss. September 26, 2015 – Nashville: ""Bleeding Love"" with Leona Lewis; ""(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction"" with Mick Jagger of The Rolling Stones. September 29, 2015 – St. Louis: ""The Fix"" with Nelly, and ""Hot in Herre"" with Nelly and Haim. To celebrate Haim's last night on the tour, Swift invited them to join her onstage as back-up dancers for Nelly. October 2, 2015 – Toronto: ""John Cougar, John Deere, John 3:16"" and ""Somebody Like You"" with Keith Urban. October 3, 2015 – Toronto: ""Boom Clap"" with Charli XCX. October 17, 2015 – Arlington: ""Love Me like You Do"" with Ellie Goulding. October 21, 2015 – Greensboro: ""Little Red Wagon"" with Miranda Lambert. October 24, 2015 – Atlanta: ""Talking Body"" with Tove Lo. October 27, 2015 – Miami: Dwyane Wade presenting Swift a ""13"" numbered jersey in honor of Swift's lucky number and his 13th season with the Miami Heat; ""Give Me Everything"" with Pitbull; ""Livin' la Vida Loca"" with Ricky Martin. October 31, 2015 – Tampa: ""Here"" with Alessia Cara; ""Let It Go"" with Idina Menzel. During ""Style"", before ""Let It Go"" was performed, Swift wore an Olaf costume while Menzel wore her in-voice character Elsa, both from Frozen, in honor of Halloween.","Ed Sheeran, Dan Reynolds, Martha Hunt, Gigi Hadid, Little Big Town, Echosmith, Cara Delevingne, Mariska Hargitay, Rachel Platten, Mariska Hargitay, Gigi Hadid, Kendall Jenner, Serena Williams, Martha Hunt, Karlie Kloss, Cara Delevingne, The Weeknd, Heidi Klum, United States women's national soccer team, Lily Aldridge, Lena Dunham, Gigi Hadid, Hailee Steinfeld, Nick Jonas, Gigi Hadid, Martha Hunt, Lily Aldridge, Candice Swanepoel, Behati Prinsloo, Karlie Kloss, Uzo Aduba, Lorde, Jason Derulo, Andy Grammer, Serayah, Sam Hunt, Andreja Pejić, Lily Donaldson, Walk the Moon, MKTO, Nico & Vinz, Fetty Wap, Ciara and Russell Wilson, Fifth Harmony, Little Mix, Joan Baez, Julia Roberts, Ryan Tedder of OneRepublic, Kobe Bryant, Uzo Aduba, Chris Rock, Matt LeBlanc, Sean O'Pry, Mary J. Blige, Natalie Maines of the Dixie Chicks, Ellen DeGeneres, Alanis Morissette, Beck, St. Vincent, John Legend, Selena Gomez, Lisa Kudrow, Justin Timberlake, OMI, Avril Lavigne, Wiz Khalifa, The Band Perry, Sydney Sierota of Echosmith, Dierks Bentley, Kelsea Ballerini, Steven Tyler of Aerosmith, Alison Krauss, Leona Lewis, Mick Jagger of The Rolling Stones, Nelly, Haim, Keith Urban, Charli XCX, Ellie Goulding, Miranda Lambert, Tove Lo, Dwyane Wade, Pitbull, Ricky Martin, Alessia Cara, Idina Menzel",information_extraction Marburg Virus Disease belongs to the same family as,,Ebola,open_qa "Give me a list of places to go in San Diego, CA with kids",,"1. San Diego Zoo 2. Sea World 3. Legoland 4. Balboa Park 5. Belmont Park 6. Any of the beaches",brainstorming "Can you tell me the root of these language? Hebrew. English, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Arabic, Farsi, Italian",,"Yes sure! Hebrew root is Northwest Semitic language English is of Germanic origins Spanish is of Latin origins Portuguese is of Latin origins Romanian is of Latin origins Arabic is a Semitic language Farsi is of west Iranian origins Italian is of Latin origins",classification "Classify the following Italian words as either a verb, a noun, or an adjective: andare, mangiare, buona, Alice, ristorante, veloce",,"verb: andare, mangiare noun: Alice, ristorante adjective: buona, veloce",classification What is the evolved form of Pikachu?,,The evolved form of Pikachu is Raichu.,open_qa "Which is a bird or fish: Red-throated diver, Redlip blenny",,"Redlip blenny is a fish, Red-throated diver is a bird",classification Make me a bullet list of things to bring camping,,"- Tent - Camping stove - Water bottles - Camping dishes - Hiking boots - Backpack - Sleeping bag",brainstorming "You've bought a condominium in the city, your first home, with more rooms than your previous apartments. It doesn't have a garage or any yard. Which of the following items would be handy? A lawnmower, a bus pass, a security system, more bathroom towels, wall art, gardening tools, a washer and dryer set, a car",,"You would want to get a bus pass so that you can get around the city, since you don't have a car. Though a lot might be walkable, there is always something that is far enough away. You would want to buy a home security system; your condominium has fewer inherent security features than a large apartment complex, so it would be helpful to have a bit more peace of mind. You would want to buy more bathroom towels since your condominium is larger and likely has more bathrooms that need towels. You would want a washer and dryer set if you don't already have one. You need a way to wash your clothes at home now that you aren't in an apartment, and it would be hard to carry your laundry on the bus. You might want some wall art; now that you own your own home, you can hang things on the wall without worrying about your lease agreement. You don't need gardening tools or a lawnmower, since you don't have a yard. You don't need a car, since you don't have a garage, and you live in the city.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Mridangam, Gambus",,"Gambus is string, Mridangam is percussion.",classification What city in the world is regarded as having the largest number of professional and famous surfers and surfboard shapers?,"San Clemente is known for its many surfing locations, which include Trestles, Lowers, Middles & Uppers, Cotton's Point, Calafia Beach Park, Riviera, Lasuens (most often called Lost Winds), The Hole, T-Street, The Pier, Linda Lane, 204, North Beach and Poche Beach. It is also home to Surfing Magazine, The Surfer's Journal, and Longboard Magazine. The city has a large concentration of surfboard shapers and manufacturers. Additionally, numerous world-renowned surfers were raised in San Clemente or took up long-term residence in town, including, Colin McPhillips(3 x longboard world champion), Matt Archbold, Herbie Fletcher(founder of AstroDeck), Dibi Fletcher (first female CEO of a surf company), Christian Fletcher, Nathan Fletcher, Greyson Flecther, Griffin Colapinto, Crosby Colapinto, Shane Beschen, Gavin Beschen, Chris Ward, Dino Andino, Kolohe Andino, Patrick Gudauskas, Dane Gudauskas, Tanner Gudauskas, Mike Long, Greg Long (Greg Long has dominated the XXL Global Big Wave Awards, winning 2005's 'Biggest Paddle In', 2007's 'Biggest Tow-in', 2009 and 2014's 'Ride of the Year', and the coveted 'Performer of the Year' in 2004, 2008 and 2013), Sawyer Lindblad, Jett Schilling, Kade Matson, Taj Lindblad, Hagan Johnson, Jim Hogan, Mike Parsons, Bobby Freidman, Anna Shisler, Brian Knoblock , Rich Chew, Jonathan Paskowitz, Joyce Hoffman, Bill Stewart, Matt Biolos (founder of Lost surfboards), Anastasia Ashley, Timmy Patterson, Cole Simler (Cole Surfboards), Terry Senate surfboards. Matt ""Mayhem"" Biolos and Lost Surfboards, Timmy Patterson Surfboards, Cole Simler and Cole Surfboards, Fletcher Surfboards, Terry Senate Surfboards, Jed Noll and Noll Surfboards, Matt Parker and Album Surfboards, Christian Wach and Ryan Engle of Canvas Surfboards and Nation Surfboards, San Clemente High School has won 6 out of 7 most recent NSSA national surfing titles and is regarded as consistently one of the top surfing high schools in the world. Shorecliffs Junior High School is also regarded as the top middle school for surfers.","San Clemente, California in the United States is regarded by many as the top city in the world for surfing, surfboard shapers and surf culture.",closed_qa "Name some characters from the TV show ""Friends""?",,"The main characters on the TV show ""Friends"" are Rachel Green, Ross Geller, Monica Geller, Chandler Bing, Joey Tribiani, and Phoebe Buffay. Secondary characters include Gunther, manager of Central Perk, Richard, Monica's ex-boyfriend, and Janice, Chandler's ex-girlfriend. There are two main children on the show, Emma and Ben. Ross is the father of both children. Rachel is Emma's mother. Carol is Ben's mother. Carol was in a relationship with Ross but later married Susan. Additionally, Phoebe Buffay was a surrogate for her brother who has triplets.",open_qa What are 3 to 5 creative ways to prevent deer from walking through your yard?,,"Deer can be a menace, but here are 5 ways to keep them out of your yard: 1. Install motion sensors that trigger sprinklers when activated 2. Completely enclose your property with a solid fence; nothing cheap that will just be pushed over 3. Get a guard dog, and train it to bark at intruding deer 4. Plant only deer-resistant shrubs and flowers; the deer won't stop by if they have nothing to eat 5. Move to a location without deer!",brainstorming From the below text extract the year and list all movies released in that year separated by a comma in the form {Year} - {all movies released in that year} and show this as a bullet list,"Commercial Hindi cinema grew in the 1980s, with films such as Ek Duuje Ke Liye (1981), Disco Dancer (1982), Himmatwala (1983), Tohfa (1984), Naam (1986), Mr India (1987), and Tezaab (1988). In the late 1980s,[timeframe?] Hindi cinema experienced another period of stagnation, with a decline in box office turnout, due to increasing violence, decline in musical melodic quality, and rise in video piracy, leading to middle-class family audiences abandoning theatres. The turning point came with Indian blockbuster Disco Dancer (1982) which began the era of disco music in Indian cinema. Lead actor Mithun Chakraborty and music director Bappi Lahiri had the highest number of mainstream Indian hit movies that decade. At the end of the decade, Yash Chopra's Chandni (1989) created a new formula for Bollywood musical romance films, reviving the genre and defining Hindi cinema in the years that followed. Commercial Hindi cinema grew in the late 1980s and 1990s, with the release of Mr. India (1987), Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988), Chaalbaaz (1989), Maine Pyar Kiya (1989), Lamhe (1991), Saajan (1991), Khuda Gawah (1992), Khalnayak (1993), Darr (1993), Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! (1994), Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (1995), Dil To Pagal Hai (1997), Pyar Kiya Toh Darna Kya (1998) and Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998). Cult classic Bandit Queen (1994) directed by Shekhar Kapur received international recognition and controversy.","Here are the years and the movies released in that year from the given text: 1981 - Ek Duuje Ke Liye 1982 - Disco Dancer 1983 - Himmatwala 1984 - Tohfa 1986 - Naam 1987 - Mr India 1988 - Tezaab, Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak, 1989 - Chandni, Chaalbaaz, Maine Pyar Kiya 1991 - Lamhe, Saajan 1992 - Khuda Gawah 1993 - Khalnayak, Darr 1994 - Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!, Bandit Queen 1995 - Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge 1997 - Dil To Pagal Hai 1998 - Pyar Kiya Toh Darna Kya, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai",information_extraction "Tell me whether a human has two or one of each of the following body parts: eye, mouth, nose, leg, ear, neck",,"Eye: Two Mouth: One Nose: One Leg: Two Ear: Two Neck: One",classification "Tell if these are sports done in water, on land or both: triathlon, biathlon, water polo, sailing, crew, beach volleyball, basketball",,"Triathlon is done on both land and water, biathlon is done on land, water polo is done in water, sailing is done in water, crew is done in water, beach volleyball is done on land and basketball is done on land",classification How do you ride a bike?,,"You can learn to ride a bike by starting with training wheels. This will help you to develop your balance as muscle memory in body. After you ride for a couple weeks with training wheels you can remove the training wheels and use your feet to help you balance. With enough speed you will want to put your feet on the pedals and get enough velocity to keep your balance going in a straight line. Practice this for a couple days, and then you can practice turning and use your feet if you lose your balance. Do this for a couple more days and then you will be off to the races riding your own bike with perfect balance.",open_qa Give me a list of the best adventure books,,"Here's a list of popular adventure books: - Into the wild, Jon Krakauer - Into thin air, Jon Krakauer - Arctic Dreams, Barry Lopez - Horizon, Barry Lopez - On Trails, Robert Moor - Moby Dick, Herman Melville - Treasure Island - RL Stevenson - White Fang - Jack London - Life of Pi - Yann Martel - The Hobbit - J.R.R Tolkien - Jurassic Park - Michael Crichton",brainstorming "Tell me whether these are tree nuts: coconut, walnut, nutmeg, peanut, sesame, cashew, macadamia, almond.",,"Walnut, cashew, macadamia, and almond are classified as tree nuts. Nutmeg, peanut, and sesame are not. Coconut is recognized by some government and health organizations as a tree nut, however it is botanically classified as a fruit.",classification Give me some cuisines I should try,,"Here are some cuisines you should try - Indian, Mediterranean, Italian, French and Chinese",brainstorming "Classify the plants based on whether they are aquatic or mangrove Pistia stratiotes, Lysichiton americanus , Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans",,"Aquatic - Pistia stratiotes, Lysichiton americanus Mangrove - Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans",classification "Using given text, extract as many definitions of science fiction","American science fiction author and editor Lester del Rey wrote, ""Even the devoted aficionado or fan—has a hard time trying to explain what science fiction is,"" and the lack of a ""full satisfactory definition"" is because ""there are no easily delineated limits to science fiction."" According to Isaac Asimov, ""Science fiction can be defined as that branch of literature which deals with the reaction of human beings to changes in science and technology."" Robert A. Heinlein wrote that ""A handy short definition of almost all science fiction might read: realistic speculation about possible future events, based solidly on adequate knowledge of the real world, past and present, and on a thorough understanding of the nature and significance of the scientific method."" Part of the reason that it is so difficult to pin down an agreed definition of science fiction is because there is a tendency among science fiction enthusiasts to act as their own arbiter in deciding what exactly constitutes science fiction. Damon Knight summed up the difficulty, saying ""science fiction is what we point to when we say it."" David Seed says it may be more useful to talk around science fiction as the intersection of other, more concrete, genres and subgenres.","According to Lester del Rey, ""Science fiction can be defined as that branch of literature which deals with the reaction of human beings to changes in science and technology"". According to Robert A. Heinlein, ""A handy short definition of almost all science fiction might read: realistic speculation about possible future events, based solidly on adequate knowledge of the real world, past and present, and on a thorough understanding of the nature and significance of the scientific method.""",information_extraction Who directed the most episodes of season seven of Game of Thrones?,,"Jeremy Podeswa, Mark Mylod, and Matt Shakman each directed two episodes of the seventh season of Game of Thrones.",open_qa "Given this article, what is the largest size for a dead man zone?","The dead man zone is the area directly around a bushfire that is likely to burn within five minutes given the current wind conditions or an anticipated change in wind direction. The distance this zone extends from the firefront is highly dependent on terrain, windspeed, fuel type and composition, relative humidity and ambient temperature, and can range from under 100 metres (330 ft) to well over 1 kilometre (3,300 ft).",The largest size for a dead man zone is 1 kilometre,closed_qa "I have a list of Herbs and Spices. Please divide this list into those categories: basil, bay leaf, chives, cardamon, cinnamon, fennel, cloves, lemon grass, nutmeg, pepper, oregano, turmeric, parsley, ginger, saffron, vanilla rosemary, cumin, sage, and thyme.",,"Herbs: basil, bay leaf, chives, fennel, lemon grass, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage, thyme. Spices: cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, pepper, turmeric, ginger, saffron, vanilla, cumin.",classification "The following words describe 'active' or 'passive' types of engagement. Identify which are 'active' and which are 'passive': create, consume, participate, build, make, watch, listen, and lead.",,"'Active' words: create, lead, participate, make, build 'Passive' words: watch, consume, listen",classification What are the words of House Oakheart?,,"""Our Roots Go Deep""",open_qa What is a sight-reading contest?,,"In musical education, sight-reading is the ability to perform a newly-encountered musical composition within just a few minutes. Music students typically enter a rehearsal room with their assigned instruments, sit down, and are given a just a few moments to learn a new piece. Oftentimes, directors are allowed to walk them quickly through the composition, perhaps clapping or singing, but the students are not allowed to practice the piece or mark up the musical notation. The ensemble that delivers the best performance (according to the contest's judges) in the given amount of time will win the contest.",open_qa Make up a plausible fishing story about the one that got away. Write in the first person.,,"Minnesota is the land of 10,000 lakes. A few years ago, my brother and I decided to try our luck at one of the best rumored spots for largemouth bass, Otter Tail Lake. We arrived just after dawn and walked about 30 minutes from public access parking to a secluded bank which we hoped to have to ourselves. There was not much action. My brother questioned our choice of bait, nightcrawlers, but I told him to keep faith. We were hungry, but realized we'd forgotten our pastries in the car. My brother offered to fetch breakfast. I continued to fish while he was away. I felt a hard tug on my line. I pulled back on the rod to confirm the bite. I had something big on the line! Carefully I turned the crank, pausing periodically to give the fish a chance to exhaust itself. My patience paid off. I could see the bass in the water a few yards off shore. It appeared to be larger than my arm. I turned the crank and pulled hard on the rod to finish the job. The fish was a fighter, but I felt good about my chances. But suddenly my line snapped and the bass disappeared. When my brother returned, I told him my story. He was a skeptic. We did not go home empty handed as we landed 3 smaller bass, the largest weighing 4 pounds. But I felt disappointed. We were fishing with a 20 pound test: the one that got away must have been a monster!",creative_writing What was Mark Twain's actual name?,,"Samuel Langhorne Clemens was known the pen name Mark Twain, a nom de plume he coined to reflect his time as a river boat pilot. On the Mississippi in the 1800's it was common to measure river depth in terms of 6 foot increments demarcated on a rope by knots. Thus, when the river was of depth 12 feet, or two fathoms, the boatmen would call out, ""Mark Twain"" indicating the second of two knots was submerged.",open_qa How many total seats are there?,"Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 7 October 1957. The result was a victory for the Labour Party, which won 78 of the 150 seats in the Storting. As a result, the Gerhardsen government continued in office. This was the last time a single party won a majority of seats on its own in a Norwegian election.",150 seats,closed_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Theropod, Pronghorn",,"Pronghorn is alive, Theropod is extinct.",classification What are the top 10 songs on the Billboard Year End list from 1987?,,"The top 10 songs from the Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1987 are as follows: 1. ""Walk Like An Egyptian"", The Bangles 2. ""Alone"", Heart 3. ""Shake You Down"", Gregory Abbott 4. ""I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)"", Whitney Houston 5. ""Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now"", Starship 6. ""C'est La Vie"", Robbie Nevil 7. ""Here I Go Again"", Whitesnake 8. ""The Way It Is"", Bruce Hornsby and the Range 9. ""Shakedown"", Bob Seger 10. ""Livin' on a Prayer"", Bon Jovi",brainstorming Why does a US $20 bill have a vertical strip on it when held to light?,,Paper money has counterfeit measures to ensure it is very difficult to duplicate/fake,open_qa What is the most famous sport in the world,,Soccer is one of the most famous sports . With Fan base of ~4 Billion soccer is one support which can be considered to be most viewed sport in the the world.,open_qa What are three mammals found within San Mateo County?,"The county is home to several endangered species including the San Francisco garter snake and the San Bruno elfin butterfly, both of which are endemic to San Mateo County. The endangered Ridgway's Rail is also found on the shores of San Francisco Bay, in the cities of Belmont and San Mateo. The endangered wildflower Hickman's potentilla is found near the Pacific Ocean on the lower slopes of Montara Mountain. The endangered wildflowers White-rayed pentachaeta, Pentachaeta bellidiflora, San Mateo Woolly Sunflower, Eriophyllum latilobum, Marin Dwarf Flax, Hesperolinon congestum and the San Mateo Thornmint, Acanthomintha duttonii, are found in the vicinity of the Crystal Springs Reservoir. In May 2014, a California condor was spotted near Pescadero, a coastal community south of San Francisco—it was the first California condor spotted in San Mateo County since 1904. The condor, tagged with the number ""597"", and also known as ""Lupine"", is one of 439 condors living in the wild or captivity in California, Baja California and Arizona. The three-year-old female flew more than 100 miles (160 km) north from Pinnacles National Park, in San Benito County, on May 30, and landed on a private, forested property near Pescadero, on the San Mateo County Coast, where it was photographed by a motion-activated wildlife camera. Harold Heath, Professor Emeritus, of Stanford University was responsible for the 1904 sighting, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the University campus. Pumas (Puma concolor), also known as cougars or mountain lions, roam the county. Tule elk (Cervus canadensis nannodes) were native to San Mateo County and among the ""favored foods"" of the Ohlone people based on ethnohistoric and archeological evidence there. The discovery of two elk specimens made news in 1962, one a royal elk (royal elk bulls have six tines per antler) from a peat bog excavated in Pacifica's historic Laguna Alta, and now in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology collection. These may date from the time of Spanish settlement. Laguna Alta lay just south of the Interstate 280 and Skyline Boulevard intersection, east of Mussel Rock. The California Academy of Sciences also has an elk skull fragment collected one mile inland from the mouth of Purisima Creek in 1951. Additional coastal elk remains dating from the Middle and Late Periods in Northern California were found in at least five more late Holocene archeological sites in San Mateo County: SMA-115 (Montara State Beach site), SMA-118 (Bean Hollow State Beach site), SMA-244 (Butano Ridge site), SMA-97 (Año Nuevo Creek site) and SMA-218 (Año Nuevo State Reserve site). On the eastern side of the San Francisco Peninsula, elk remains were also unearthed at multiple archaeological sites along San Francisquito Creek.",Pumas and tule elk are two mammal species found in San Mateo County.,information_extraction Name five surf spots on the North Shore of Oahu in Hawaii,,"Pipeline Sunset Beach Velzyland Log Cabins Chun's Reef",brainstorming "which of these cities are in asia: cardiff, amsterdam, mumbai, bangalore, delhi?",,"The following cities are in Asia: Mumbai, Bangalore( new name Bengalooru), Delhi. Cardiff is in the U.K. and Amsterdam in Europe.",classification Give me some examples sedimentary rocks.,,Sandstone and chalk are sedimentary rocks.,brainstorming Explain the best way to swing a golf iron compared to a golf driver.,,"When hitting an iron you want to make a downward striking motion in the grass. The driver is more of a sweeping motion through the ball. Overall, shorten the back swing on the driver and it will help gain control.",creative_writing What is the difference between a piano and a guitar?,,"A piano is a, usually large, percussive instrument where the player sits down facing the instrument and uses their fingers to press down on keys that cause a hammer to strike strings of varying tone. There are pedals on a piano that allow the strings to sustain their vibrations or dampen the strings to create a quieter playing effect. A guitar is a hand held instrument where the player uses one hand to pick or strum the strings and the other hand to press down on the strings in various positions in order to change the tone of the string.",open_qa Give me a bulleted list with 5 reasons why is Lyft's stock is underperforming Uber's.,,"The following are 5 reasons Lyft's stock is underperforming Uber's: 1. Lyft is losing marketshare to Uber across all markets 2. Lyft has a bloated cost structure with very high stock based compensation costs 3. Lyft rides cost more than Uber's on average 4. Drivers make less on Lyft than Uber 5. Lyft hasn't launched a new product in multiple years",brainstorming What is difference between ECS and EC2?,,"The largest difference for EC2 is that it deploys isolated VM instances with auto scaling support, and ECS deploys scalable clusters of managed Docker containers.",open_qa "find the country that had wars with Egypt, and country that formed an ally to Egypt","Modern Egypt dates back to 1922, when it gained independence from the British Empire as a monarchy. Following the 1952 revolution, Egypt declared itself a republic, and in 1958 it merged with Syria to form the United Arab Republic, which dissolved in 1961. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, Egypt endured social and religious strife and political instability, fighting several armed conflicts with Israel in 1948, 1956, 1967 and 1973, and occupying the Gaza Strip intermittently until 1967. In 1978, Egypt signed the Camp David Accords, officially withdrawing from the Gaza Strip and recognising Israel. After the Arab Spring, which led to the 2011 Egyptian revolution and overthrow of Hosni Mubarak, the country faced a protracted period of political unrest. Egypt's current government, a semi-presidential republic led by Abdel Fattah el-Sisi since 2014, has been described by a number of watchdogs as authoritarian and responsible for perpetuating the country's poor human rights record.","Throughout Egypt modern history, it had formed some allies as well as had fought wars with other countries, form the text provided: 1- Israel is the country that had several wars with Egypt 2- Syria is the country that formed an ally with Egypt",information_extraction "Tell me whether these are metals or non-metals: Sodium, Helium, Aluminum, Chlorine, Gold",,"Metals: Sodium, Aluminium, Gold Non-Metals: Chlorine, Helium",classification How much money comes in a game of Monopoly?,,"Newer (September 2008 and later) U.S. editions provide a total of $20,580—30 of each denomination",open_qa What are the top 5 best movies ever made?,,"The top 5 best movies ever made are: 1. The Godfather (1972) 2. The Dark Knight (2008) 3. The Matrix (1999) 4. Star Wars (1977) 5. Jurassic Park (1993) However, this largely depends on one's taste. There are some who claim that Weekend at Bernie's is the best movie ever made.",brainstorming "Extract the types of yield curves from the paragraph, summarize their definitions, and place them in a bullet list.","There is no single yield curve describing the cost of money for everybody. The most important factor in determining a yield curve is the currency in which the securities are denominated. The economic position of the countries and companies using each currency is a primary factor in determining the yield curve. Different institutions borrow money at different rates, depending on their creditworthiness. The yield curves corresponding to the bonds issued by governments in their own currency are called the government bond yield curve (government curve). Banks with high credit ratings (Aa/AA or above) borrow money from each other at the LIBOR rates. These yield curves are typically a little higher than government curves. They are the most important and widely used in the financial markets, and are known variously as the LIBOR curve or the swap curve. The construction of the swap curve is described below. Besides the government curve and the LIBOR curve, there are corporate (company) curves. These are constructed from the yields of bonds issued by corporations. Since corporations have less creditworthiness than most governments and most large banks, these yields are typically higher. Corporate yield curves are often quoted in terms of a ""credit spread"" over the relevant swap curve. For instance the five-year yield curve point for Vodafone might be quoted as LIBOR +0.25%, where 0.25% (often written as 25 basis points or 25bps) is the credit spread.","1. Government curve. This corresponds to the bonds issued by governments in their own currency. 2. LIBOR curve (or swap curve). This corresponds to the rates at which large banks borrow money from each other (also called LIBOR rate). 3. Corporate curve (or company curve). This is constructed from the yields of bonds issued by corporations.",information_extraction "From the text, please list which Tesla models when ordered received free supercharging and for how long?","In 2012, Tesla began building a network of 480-volt fast-charging Supercharger stations. As of June 2022, Tesla operates 36,165 Superchargers in 3,971 stations worldwide (an average of 9 chargers per station). The Supercharger is a proprietary direct current (DC) technology that provides up to 250 kilowatts (kW) of power. All Tesla cars except the first generation Roadster come standard with hardware to charge at Superchargers. The navigation software in Tesla cars can recommend the fastest route for long-distance travel, incorporating charging stops. Model S and X cars ordered before January 15, 2017, and between August 3, 2019, and May 26, 2020, received free unlimited supercharging. Model S and X cars ordered between January 15, 2017, and August 3, 2019, got 400 kWh (1,400 MJ) of free Supercharging credits per year, which provides a range of roughly 1,000 miles per year (1,600 kilometres per year). Subsequent Tesla models never received free unlimited supercharging.","Here is a list of Tesla cars that received free supercharging when newly ordered: 1. Tesla model S and X cars ordered before January 15, 2017 received free unlimited supercharging. 2. Tesla model S and X cars ordered between August 3, 2019 and May 26, 2020 also received free unlimited supercharging. 3. Tesla model S and X cars that were ordered between January 15, 2017 and August 3, 2019 received 400 KWh of free supercharging credits per year. It translates to roughly 1000 miles per year. Subsequent Tesla models never received free unlimited supercharging.",information_extraction Give me examples of birds that do not have the ability to fly.,,"Kiwi, Ostrich, Penguin, Weka, Steamer duck, Kakapo, Takahe.",brainstorming Which types of fish contain the lowest levels of mercury?,,"The following types of fish contain low levels of mercury: salmon, flounder, Atlantic mackerel, anchovies, pollock, catfish, and shellfish (e.g., clams, scallops, mussels).",open_qa "What is the difference between bills, notes, and bonds?",,Treasury bills are issued by the U.S. government and have a maturity of one year or less. Treasury notes are issued and have a maturity between 2 and 10 years. Treasury bonds have a maturity of greater than 10 years.,open_qa Give me a list of some of the core beliefs in Stoicism,,"1. It is important to live according to Nature for a smooth flowing life. 2. Happiness is found in Virtue, our values and choices. 3. We can only control our internal world, i.e. thoughts, opinions, and decisions, but have no control over external events. 4. We are responsible for our own life and hence should not complain or blame anyone else. 5. For our personal development, we need to act in society and try to live in harmony and cooperation with others. 6. Progress is driven by having a pragmatic attitude, not via perfection.",brainstorming What equipment is required for scuba diving?,,"Scuba diving requires * An air (or enriched air) tank * Breathing device - typically an open circuit regulator or a closed circuit rebreather * Buoyancy Control Device (bcd) * Depth gauge * Submersible Pressure Gauge * Dive Computer or Watch * Mask * Fins Optional equipment * Wetsuit * Weights * Surface Marker Buoy * Dive Light",open_qa "Tell me what sport this professional athlete plays (NFL, NBA, MLB, etc.): Justin Herbert, LeBron James, Austin Ekeler, Joel Embiid, Juan Soto, Mookie Betts",,"Justin Herbert plays in the NFL, LeBron James plays in the NBA, Austin Ekeler plays in the NFL, Joel Embiid plays in the NBA, Juan Soto plays in the MLB, Mookie Betts plays in the MLB",classification "Are these things typically yellow, green or red: the sun, a banana, blood, lettuce, a tomato, grass, peas, and a heart emoji.",,"The items that are usually yellow are the sun and a banana. The red items are blood, a tomato, and a heart emoji. The green items are lettuce, grass and peas.",classification What state makes the best BBQ?,,"There is no one answer, but I believe Texas for beef and North Carolina for Pork.",creative_writing Where can you find Anostraca?,"Anostraca is one of the four orders of crustaceans in the class Branchiopoda; its members are referred to as fairy shrimp. They live in vernal pools and hypersaline lakes across the world, and they have even been found in deserts, ice-covered mountain lakes and Antarctic ice. They are usually 6–25 mm (0.24–0.98 in) long (exceptionally up to 170 mm or 6.7 in). Most species have 20 body segments, bearing 11 pairs of leaf-like phyllopodia (swimming legs), and the body lacks a carapace. They swim ""upside-down"" and feed by filtering organic particles from the water or by scraping algae from surfaces, with the exception of Branchinecta gigas, or ""giant fairy shrimp"", which is itself a predator of other species of anostracans. They are an important food for many birds and fish, and some are cultured and harvested for use as fish food. There are 300 species spread across 8 families.","The crustaceans Anostraca can be be found in vernal pools and hypersaline lakes, as well as deserts, ice-covered mountain lakes and Antarctic ice.",closed_qa What was the duration of the Lewis and Clark Expedition?,,"1228 Days. The Corps of Discovery departed from Camp Dubois at 4pm on May 14, 1804. The expedition returned to St. Louis on September 23, 1806.",open_qa Give me a list of nice board games to play with friends,,"1. Cards Against Humanity 2. Codenames 3. The Game of Things 4. Taboo 5. Balderdash 6. Scattergories 7. Exploding Kittens",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Wind chime, Hardingfele",,"Hardingfele is string, Wind chime is percussion.",classification "What links Brazil, Uruguay, Mozambique and Angola",,Colonies of Portugal,open_qa "Tell me which ones are edible and which ones are not: Lemon, Table, Carrot, Carat, John",,"Edible: Lemon, Carrot Not Edible: Table, Carat, John",classification Who are the greatest players that have played for Manchester United?,,"- Sir Bobby Charlton - Eric Cantona - Paul Scholes - Nemanja Vidic - David Beckham - Cristiano Ronaldo - Ruud Van Nistelrooy - Wayne Rooney - Gary Neville - Dennis Law - George Best - Peter Schmeichel",brainstorming "Which of these are languages in India and which are not Indian Languages: English, Hindi, Ukranian, French, Spanish, Hindi, Kannada, Tulu, Mandrian, Tamil, Taiwanese, Korean, Japanese, Assamese, Sanskrit, Urdu, Telugu, Russian, German, Italian, Arabic, Dutch, Welsh, Gujrati, Somali, Pahari, punjabi",,"Hindi, Kannada, Tulu, Tamil, Assamese, Sanskrit, Telugu, Gujrati, Pahari, Punjabi are some of Indian languages",classification What are some good places to go on a surf trip?,,"Some favorite spots for a surf trip include: -Hawaii -Southern California -Baja California -Bali, Indonesia, -Tamarindo, Costa Rica -Sydney, Australia",brainstorming "Tell me the country of these cities: Tokyo, London, New York, Taipei",,"These are the corresponding countries of the cities you listed out: Tokyo: Japan London: United Kingdom New York: United States Taipei: Taiwan",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Babendil, Bowed guitar",,"Bowed guitar is string, Babendil is percussion.",classification What color is a banana when overripe?,,A banana will become splotchy yellow and brown when overripe,open_qa "Classify the following list into mammals and non-mammals: dog, human, ant, bird, cat, dolphin, pig, cow, shrimp, coral, shark, honeybee, capybara",,"mammals: dog, human, cat, dolphin, pig, cow, capybara non-mammals: ant, bird, shrimp, coral, shark, honeybee",classification "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Platybelodon, Lion",,"Lion is alive, Platybelodon is extinct.",classification "Of the following measurements, which units relate to mass? Kilogram, microgram, pound, litre, year, kilometre and ounce.",,"Kilogram (kg), microgram (μg), pound (lb), and ounce (oz) are all units of mass. Kilogram and microgram are units from the metric (SI) system. Pound and ounce are units from the imperial system. Litre is a unit of volume, year is a unit of time and kilometre is a unit of distance.",classification What is the only established city of the Dothraki people?,,Vaes Dothrak is the only permanent settlement of the Dothraki people. It is located northeast of the Dothraki Sea.,open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the type of breed and the characteristics of the dog ?","The Golden Retriever is a Scottish breed of retriever dog of medium size. It is characterised by a gentle and affectionate nature and a striking golden coat. It is commonly kept as a pet and is among the most frequently registered breeds in several Western countries. It is a frequent competitor in dog shows and obedience trials; it is also used as a gundog, and may be trained for use as a guide dog.",It is a Scottish breed and it is characterised by a gentle and affectionate nature and also a golden coat.,information_extraction Give me a bullet list of some popular dashboard and visualisation tools,,"- Microsoft Power BI. It integrates very well with Microsoft office ecosystem and simple to use and get started - Tableau. Although having the same value proposition as that of Power BI, analysts generally prefer it when they need to create powerful and complex dashboards. Like Power Bi, it also supports tons of data connectors. - Metabase. It is an open-source BI and data visualization tool which is good for getting your team started with a baseline dashboard layer. - Datapad. This tool recently started to gain popularity for KPI dashboards. Thanks to its mobile-first KPI dashboard, it is ideal for small to medium enterprises and a lot of solopreneurs uses it to manage their business KPIs.",brainstorming What is the difference between income and property taxes?,,Income taxes are taxes on the money an individual earns from working. Property taxes are taxes on the value of property an individual owns.,open_qa What are the basic rules of baseball?,,"Baseball is a complex sport that can be confusing to newcomers. Baseball is a game played by two teams of 9 players on a large field with 4 bases. The team on defense has 9 players out in the field at once, which includes the pitcher and the catcher. The hitting team only has one player ""at-bat."" The pitcher throws the ball to the catcher, and the hitter attempts to hit the ball into the field and run to a base if they hit the ball into fair territory. If the player misses 3 times, they are out. If the pitcher throws a bad pitch 4 times, the hitter gets to go to first base automatically. The player can also get out if a fielder catches the ball in the air or tags first base before the runner gets there. The game itself is 9 innings of 3 outs for each team. Whoever has the most runs (when a player runs to all 4 bases) at the end of the game wins!",open_qa What are 5 ways to eat apples?,,"1. Raw - you can eat apples just as they are (but usually after washing) 2. Sliced to share 3. Peeled and sliced to be baked (apple crisp anyone?) 4. Mashed into apple sauce 5. Candied with a sweet glaze",brainstorming What are the five best places to hike in the San Francisco Bay Area and why?,,"1. Alamere Fall includes a waterfall spilling into the Pacific Ocean 2. Tomales Point includes views of open water in three directions along with close encounters with the local elk population. 3. Land's End is a beautiful cliffside trail right in the city of San Francisco. 4. Mount Tamalpais is a Marin County peak with views of the ocean and the city. 5. The trail at Grey Whale Cove runs south to Montara State Beach, and in the spring and fall seasons is the perfect place to spot migrating grey whales.",brainstorming Can existing Delta tables be converted into DLT?,,"Delta Live Tables is actually the pipeline that manages the table, so you don't need to “convert” a delta table, you just migrate the pipeline to a Live Tables pipeline. Migrating an existing pipeline to Delta Live Tables is mostly refactoring the code which writes to a delta table. It still uses your existing transformations and data sources.",open_qa In which countries in Pinot Noir most commonly grown ?,"Pinot noir's home is France's Burgundy region, particularly Côte-d'Or. It is also planted in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, northern parts of Croatia, Czech Republic, England, the Republic of Georgia, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Hungary, Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, New Zealand, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Switzerland, Ukraine, United States, and Uruguay. The United States has increasingly become a major pinot noir producer, with some of the best regarded coming from Oregon's Willamette Valley, and California's Sonoma County with its Russian River Valley and Sonoma Coast appellations. Lesser-known appellations are found in Mendocino County's Anderson Valley, the Central Coast's Santa Lucia Highlands appellation, the Santa Maria Valley, and Sta. Rita Hills American Viticulture Area in Santa Barbara County. In New Zealand, it is principally grown in Martinborough, Marlborough, Waipara, and Central Otago","Pinot Noir is grown in France, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, England, the Republic of Georgia, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Hungary, Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, New Zealand, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Switzerland, Ukraine, United States, and Uruguay.",summarization "Given this paragraph about bicycle manufacturer Colnago, what Italian automobile company did Colnago work with to develop new carbon fiber technology?","Since the 1980s, while Colnago continued to produce high-end steel bikes, they began to produce cycle frames using material other than steel, including titanium, aluminum, carbon fiber and mixed materials. One unique frame from this period, the Bititan, has a dual titanium down tube. Crimped and oversize tubes were used on the Tecnos–one of the lightest production steel bikes produced. Similarly crimped oversized aluminum tubes were used on the Dream frame. In 1981 Colnago prototyped the CX Pista–a full monocoque carbon fiber cycle with disc wheels, which was shown at the Milan bike show. Subsequently, Colnago worked with Ferrari to develop new carbon fiber technology, and Ernesto also credits their engineers for challenging him regarding fork design, which led to Colnago's innovative Precisa straight-bladed steel fork (1987). Colnago also experimented with multi-material frames, including the CT-1 and CT-2 constructed with titanium main tubes, carbon fiber forks and rear stays, and a similarly constructed (although short-lived) Master frame constructed with steel main tubes, carbon forks and stays.",Colnago worked with Ferrari to develop new carbon fiber technology.,closed_qa What are the three bands of Bay Miwok Native Americans associated with the area of Walnut Creek as per the passage. Display the results in a bulleted format.,"Walnut Creek is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States, located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, about 16 miles (26 kilometers) east of the city of Oakland. With a total population of 70,127 per the 2020 census, Walnut Creek serves as a vibrant hub for its neighboring cities because of its location at the junction of the highways from Sacramento and San Jose (I-680) and San Francisco/Oakland (SR-24), and its accessibility by BART. Its active downtown neighborhood features hundred-year-old buildings and extensive high-end retail establishments. The city shares its borders with Clayton, Lafayette, Alamo, Pleasant Hill, and Concord. Downtown Walnut CreekThere are three bands of Bay Miwok Native Americans associated with the area of Walnut Creek (the stream for which the city is named): the Saclan, whose territory extended through the hills east of present-day cities of Oakland, Rossmoor, Lafayette, Moraga and Walnut Creek; the Volvon (also spelled Bolbon, Wolwon or Zuicun), who were near Mt. Diablo; and the Tactan, located on the San Ramon Creek in present-day Danville and Walnut Creek.The city of Walnut Creek has developed within the earlier area of four extensive Mexican land grants. One of these land grants – measuring 18,000 acres (73 km2) – belonged to Juana Sanchez de Pacheco. The grant was called Rancho Arroyo de Las Nueces y Bolbones, named after the principal waterway, Arroyo de las Nueces (Walnut Creek in English), and for the local group of Volvon indigenous Americans (also known as Bolbones in Spanish). The Arroyo de las Nueces was named for the local species of walnut tree, the California Walnut. The two grandsons of Sanchez de Pacheco inherited the thousands of acres of land. One, Ygnacio Sibrian, built the first roofed home in the valley in about 1850.","Saclan Volvon Tactan",information_extraction "What kind of cancer did Agent Dana Scully get diagnosed with in ""The X-Files""?",,She developed an inoperable nasopharyngeal tumor.,open_qa How do you play baseball?,"Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding. The game occurs over the course of several plays, with each play generally beginning when a player on the fielding team, called the pitcher, throws a ball that a player on the batting team, called the batter, tries to hit with a bat. The objective of the offensive team (batting team) is to hit the ball into the field of play, away from the other team's players, allowing its players to run the bases, having them advance counter-clockwise around four bases to score what are called ""runs"". The objective of the defensive team (referred to as the fielding team) is to prevent batters from becoming runners, and to prevent runners' advance around the bases. A run is scored when a runner legally advances around the bases in order and touches home plate (the place where the player started as a batter).","Baseball is played with two teams of nine players each that take turns batting and fielding. The objective of the offensive team is to hit the ball into the field of play away from the other team's players, allowing its players to run bases and having them advance around the bases and score runs. The objective of the defensive team is to prevent batters from becoming runners, and to prevent runners' advance around the bases.",information_extraction Give me a list of the great synth-pop artists and a song for each that I might not have heard.,,"Sure, here is a short list of Synth-pop artists with songs that you may not have heard yet: - Blondie – Heart Of Glass (1978) - Kraftwerk – The Model (1978) - Gary Numan – Cars (1979) - OMD – Electricity (1979) - John Foxx – Underpass (1980).",brainstorming "Classify which of these cars are German brands and which are Japanese: BMW, Mercedes Benz, Nissan, Toyota, Honda, Audi.",,"BMW, Mercedes Benz and Audi are German car manufacturers, and Nissan, Toyota and Honda are Japanese car manufacturers.",classification In what month did the Russian October revolution take place,,November,open_qa What is the best way to tune a snare drum?,,"The best way to tune a drum depends on which system the drum uses for tension. Newer technologies such as Dialtune's cable tuning system allow a drummer to quickly and evenly tune a drum head by turning separate dials for the top and bottom head. Traditional lug and tension rod drums use a drum key and require more attention to detail. For these drums, start by getting all tension rods finger-tight. Bring the snare drum up to tension with a full turn of a drum key of each one, moving in a star pattern around the drum. Use a drumstick to tap around the drum by each tension rod and listen for a consistent sound. Once you have the overall sound in the range you’re looking for, test the pitch by tapping around the drum. For the snare’s resonant head, detune it like the batter head. Tune it ‘tabletop tight’: so flat you could confidently rest a drink on it (don’t do this, though). Bring up each tension rod another quarter turn. You want to hear the wires, but not so much that it overwhelms the attack. Tap the head beside each tension rod, then start to even out the pitch with the tension rods so they all match.",open_qa "Classify each word as a noun, verb, or adjective: playground, eating, skinny, chubby, tall, sleeping, bed",,"Playground: Noun Eating: Verb Skinny: Adjective Chubby: Adjective Tall: Adjective Sleeping: Verb Bed: Noun",classification Give me a list of the ways you can be 'out' in cricket.,,"- Bowled - Caught - Stumped - Run-out - Leg Before Wicket (LBW) - Handling the ball - Obstructing the field - Double Hit (hitting the ball twice) - Hit Wicket - Timed Out - Retired Out",brainstorming What is High-functioning autism?,"High-functioning autism (HFA) is an autism classification where a person exhibits no intellectual disability but may show deficits in communication, emotion recognition and expression, and social interaction.HFA is not included in the American Psychological Association's DSM-5 or the World Health Organization's ICD-10, subdividing autism based on intellectual capabilities. High-functioning autism is characterised by features similar to those of Asperger syndrome. The defining characteristic psychologists recognise there is a significant delay in developing early speech and language skills before three years. The diagnostic criteria of Asperger syndrome exclude a general language delay. Other differences in features of people with high-functioning autism from those with Asperger syndrome include the following: Lower verbal reasoning ability Better visual/spatial skills (Being uniquely artistically talented) Less deviating locomotion (e.g. clumsiness) Problems functioning independently Curiosity and interest in many different things Not as good at empathising with other people Male to female ratio (4:1) is much smaller As of 2013, Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism are no longer terms the American Psychological Association uses and have been merged into autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As of 2021, the World Health Organization also retired the terms and merged them into autism spectrum disorder.","High-functioning autism (HFA) is an autism classification where a person exhibits no intellectual disability but may show deficits in communication, emotion recognition and expression, and social interaction. High-functioning autism is characterised by features similar to those of Asperger syndrome. The defining characteristic psychologists recognise there is a significant delay in developing early speech and language skills before three years. The diagnostic criteria of Asperger syndrome exclude a general language delay.",closed_qa What are some menu items I can buy at Taco Bell?,,"Taco Bell serves items such as bean burritos, crunchy tacos, soft tacos, nachos, quesadillas, quesoritos, Crunchwrap Supremes, Mountain Dew Baja Blasts, and Doritos Tacos Locos.",brainstorming What are the lesser known Jewish holidays?,,"Most people know the Jewish holidays of Rosh Hashana, Yom Kippur, and Chanukah. Some of the lesser known Jewish holidays include the following: Sukkot, Shemini Atzeres, Simchat Torah, Tu B'Shvat, Purim, Passover (Pesach), Lag B'Omer, and Shavuot.",brainstorming "Classify the following water bodies into oceans, seas, rivers and lakes- aral, pacific, baikal, superior, amazon, colorado, indian, arabian, north, baltic, okhotosk, tahoe, victoria, lena, danube, arctic, mekong",,"oceans- pacific, indian, arctic seas- okhotosk, aral, arabian, north, baltic rivers- amazon, colorado, lena, danube, mekong lakes- superior, tahoe, victoria , baikal",classification "From the passage below, extract the names of the companies and technologies that Walmart has acquired over the last 3 years.","In the first quarter of 2020, consumers responded to COVID by shopping less frequently (5.6% fewer transactions), and buying more when they did shop (16.5%). As people shifted from eating out to eating at home, net sales at Walmart increased by 10.5%, while online sales rose by 74%. Although Walmart experienced a 5.5% increase in operating expenses, its net income increased by 3.9%. In the third quarter of 2020, ending October 31, Walmart reported revenue of $134.7 billion, representing a year-on-year increase of 5.2 percent. In December 2020, Walmart launched a new service, Carrier Pickup, that allows the customers to schedule a return for a product bought online, in-store, or from a third-party vendor. These services can be initiated on the Walmart App or on the website. In January 2021, Walmart announced that the company is launching a fintech startup, with venture partner Ribbit Capital, to provide financial products for consumers and employees. In February 2021, Walmart acquired technology from Thunder Industries, which uses automation to create digital ads, to expand its online marketing capabilities. In August 2021, Walmart announced it would open its Spark crowdsource delivery to other businesses as a white-label service, competing with Postmates and online food ordering delivery companies. In December 2021, Walmart announced it will participate in the Stephens Investment Conference Wednesday, and the Morgan Stanley Virtual Global Consumer & Retail Conference. In June 2022, Walmart announced it would be acquiring Memomi, an AR optical tech company. In August 2022, Walmart announced it would be acquiring Volt Systems, a vendor management and product tracking software company. Walmart announced it was partnering with Paramount to offer Paramount+ content to its Walmart+ subscribers in a bid to better compete with Amazon. Walmart announced in August 2022 that locations were not going back to 24 hours with most stores now being open between 6am and 11pm. In January 2023, Walmart announced it would raise its minimum wage for U.S. hourly workers from $12 to $14 an hour. Approximately 340,000 employees are expected to receive a raise, effective in early March 2023, and Walmart's U.S. average wage is expected to be over $17.50. The company also announced it would be adding additional college degrees and certificates to its Live Better U program.",Walmart acquired Volt Systems in August 2022. Volt Systems focuses on vendor management and product tracking. They also acquired technology from Thunder Industries in February 2021 to create digital advertisements.,information_extraction Which is a species of fish? Sea raven or Raven,,Sea raven,classification "From the passage provided, when was the home version of Pong released?","The first video game consoles were produced in the early 1970s. Ralph H. Baer devised the concept of playing simple, spot-based games on a television screen in 1966, which later became the basis of the Magnavox Odyssey in 1972. Inspired by the table tennis game on the Odyssey, Nolan Bushnell, Ted Dabney, and Allan Alcorn at Atari, Inc. developed the first successful arcade game, Pong, and looked to develop that into a home version, which was released in 1975. The first consoles were capable of playing only a very limited number of games built into the hardware. Programmable consoles using swappable ROM cartridges were introduced with the Fairchild Channel F in 1976, though popularized with the Atari 2600 released in 1977.",The home version of Pong was released in 1975.,information_extraction "In Digital Marketing, what is the difference between SEO and SEM?",,SEO stands for Search Engine Optimization and it focuses on the creation and enhancement of webpages to improve their rankings in organic search results. SEM stands for Search Engine Marketing and it focuses on the use of paid advertisements to rank at the top of Search Engine Results Page.,open_qa Best Tea in the World,,Assam Tea is the best. It has it's own aroma and distinct taste,brainstorming Brainstorm a list of 9 different dishes for a Thanksgiving meal,,"Turkey, Cranberry Sauce, Mashed Potatoes, Stuffing, Sweet Potato Casserole, Green Beans, Dinner Rolls, Salad, Pumpkin Pie",brainstorming Increased money supply (i.e. money printing),,"Demand-pull inflation. Cost-push inflation. Increased money supply (i.e. money printing) Currency devaluation. Government policies and regulations.",open_qa Who are the most famous cricket players of all time?,,"Sachin Tendulkar, Don Bradman, Shane Warne, Brian Lara, Viv Richards, Imran Khan, Ian Botham and Ricky Ponting are amongst the most famous cricket players of all time.",open_qa How do I search for a document that I created in Google Drive? I think the document starts with the title Finance Forecast,,"To search for documents that you own in Google Drive, you can use the `creator:me` operator in your search term. So to search for documents you own that have the words ""finance"" and ""forecast"" in them you can use this search string in the search field `creator:me finance forecast` If your document is in a Shared Drive that you no longer have access to, that document will not appear in your list of results",open_qa Why did the chicken cross the playground?,,To get to the other slide!,open_qa 5 ways animal communicate,,"they use visual aid Use auditory or sound-based signals use chemical such as pheromones Use touch-based cues. Use echo or ultrasound",brainstorming "Classify each of these items as footwear or headwear: wool hat, snowshoes, baseball hat, bicycle helmet, skis, flippers, and flip flops.",,"The footwear items include: snowshoes, skis, flippers and flip flops. The headwear items include: the wool hat, baseball hat and bike helmet.",classification Where can I find Yukigassen tournaments?,"Yukigassen (雪合戦) is a snowball fighting-competition from Japan. Today there are annual tournaments in Sōbetsu, Hokkaidō in Japan, Kemijärvi in Finland, Vardø in Norway, Murmansk in Russia, Mount Buller, Victoria in Australia, Luleå in Sweden, Anchorage in Alaska, Aparan in Armenia, Jasper, Alberta and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan in Canada.","Sōbetsu, Hokkaidō, Japan Kemijärvi, Finland Vardø, Norway Murmansk, Russia Mount Buller, Victoria, Australia Luleå, Sweden Anchorage, Alaska Aparan, Armenia Jasper, Alberta, Canada Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada",information_extraction What does Avici stand for,"Avīci or Avici (Sanskrit and Pali for ""without waves""; Chinese: 無間地獄 or 阿鼻地獄; Japanese: 無間地獄 or 阿鼻地獄; Burmese: အဝီစိငရဲ) is one of the hells (naraka) in Hinduism and Buddhism. In Hinduism, it is one of the twenty-eight hells located in the kingdom of Yama, where individuals are reborn for bearing false witness and outright lying while transacting business or giving charity. In Buddhism, it is the lowest level of the Naraka or ""hell"" realm, with the most suffering, into which the dead who have committed grave misdeeds may be reborn. It is said to be a cube 20,000 yojanas (240,000 to 300,000 kilometers) on each side, buried deep underneath the divine (nonvisible) earth. Avīci is often translated into English as ""interminable"" or ""incessant"", referring to suffering without periods of respite, although it is believed to be ultimately impermanent.","There was a famous Swedish DJ called Avicii and there is Avici that is one of the hells (naraka) in Hinduism and Buddhism. In Hinduism, it is one of the twenty-eight hells located in the kingdom of Yama, where individuals are reborn for bearing false witness and outright lying while transacting business or giving charity. In Buddhism, it is the lowest level of the Naraka or ""hell"" realm, with the most suffering, into which the dead who have committed grave misdeeds may be reborn. It is said to be a cube 20,000 yojanas (240,000 to 300,000 kilometers) on each side, buried deep underneath the divine (nonvisible) earth. Avici is often translated into English as ""interminable"" or ""incessant"", referring to suffering without periods of respite, although it is believed to be ultimately impermanent.",closed_qa Who is John Adams?,"John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Before his presidency, he was a leader of the American Revolution that achieved independence from Great Britain. During the latter part of the war and in the early years of the nation, he served as a diplomat in Europe. He was the first person to hold the office of vice president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. Adams was a dedicated diarist and regularly corresponded with many important contemporaries, including his wife and adviser Abigail Adams as well as his friend and rival Thomas Jefferson.","John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Before his presidency, he was a leader of the American Revolution that achieved independence from Great Britain. During the latter part of the war and in the early years of the nation, he served as a diplomat in Europe. He was the first person to hold the office of vice president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. Adams was a dedicated diarist and regularly corresponded with many important contemporaries, including his wife and adviser Abigail Adams as well as his friend and rival Thomas Jefferson. A lawyer and political activist prior to the Revolution, Adams was devoted to the right to counsel and presumption of innocence. He defied anti-British sentiment and successfully defended British soldiers against murder charges arising from the Boston Massacre. Adams was a Massachusetts delegate to the Continental Congress and became a leader of the revolution. He assisted Jefferson in drafting the Declaration of Independence in 1776. As a diplomat in Europe, he helped negotiate a peace treaty with Great Britain and secured vital governmental loans. Adams was the primary author of the Massachusetts Constitution in 1780, which influenced the United States constitution, as did his essay Thoughts on Government. Adams was elected to two terms as vice president under President George Washington and was elected as the United States' second president in 1796. He was the only president elected under the banner of the Federalist Party. During his single term, Adams encountered fierce criticism from the Jeffersonian Republicans and from some in his own Federalist Party, led by his rival Alexander Hamilton. Adams signed the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts, and built up the Army and Navy in the undeclared naval war (called the ""Quasi-War"") with France. During his term, he became the first president to reside in the executive mansion now known as the White House. In his bid in 1800 for reelection to the presidency, opposition from Federalists and accusations of despotism from Jeffersonians led to Adams losing to his vice president and former friend Jefferson, and he retired to Massachusetts. He eventually resumed his friendship with Jefferson by initiating a correspondence that lasted fourteen years. He and his wife generated the Adams political family, a line of politicians, diplomats, and historians. It includes their son John Quincy Adams, the sixth president. John Adams died on July 4, 1826 – the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence – hours after Jefferson's death. Adams and his son are the only presidents of the first twelve who never owned slaves. Surveys of historians and scholars have favorably ranked his administration.",information_extraction What is the difference between a fire fighter and a nurse?,,"A fire fighter is responsible for responding to emergencies that are mostly related to fires. A typical task would be to ride in a fire truck from the fire station to a home that has caught fire and use water and other fire-fighting tools to put it out. A nurse is responsible for providing medical care to patients, typically in healthcare facilities like hospitals, nursing homes and outpatient clinics. A typical task for a nurse would be to care for the wounds and help manage pain for a patient following surgery.",open_qa "Tell me whether these auto manufacturers are located in Germany or Japan: Volkswagen, Toyota, BMW, Honda, Adam Opel, Mazda, Daimler, Subaru, Continental, Hino",,"Germany - Volkwagen, BMW, Adam Opel, Daimler, Continental | Japan - Toyota, Honda, Mazda, Subaru, Hino",classification List all former departments that were formerly Cabinet-level in the United States.,"Former executive and Cabinet-level departments Department of War (1789–1947), headed by the secretary of war: renamed Department of the Army by the National Security Act of 1947. Department of the Navy (1798–1949), headed by the secretary of the Navy: became a military department within the Department of Defense. Post Office Department (1829–1971), headed by the postmaster general: reorganized as the United States Postal Service, an independent agency. National Military Establishment (1947–1949), headed by the secretary of Defense: created by the National Security Act of 1947 and recreated as the Department of Defense in 1949. Department of the Army (1947–1949), headed by the secretary of the Army: became a military department within the Department of Defense. Department of the Air Force (1947–1949), headed by the secretary of the Air Force: became a military department within the Department of Defense.","The Department of War, the Department of the Navy, the Post Office Department, the National Military Establishment, the Department of the Army, and the Department of the Air Force.",information_extraction "Based on this passage about Ted Kennedy, at the time of his death, who were the three longest-serving senators of all time?","When Kennedy died in August 2009, he was the second-most senior member of the Senate (after President pro tempore Robert Byrd of West Virginia) and the third longest-serving senator of all time, behind Byrd and Strom Thurmond of South Carolina. Later that same year, he was passed by Daniel Inouye of Hawaii. Kennedy therefore held the record as the longest-serving Democratic member of Congress to solely serve as a senator until October 2021, when he was surpassed by fellow Democrat Patrick Leahy of Vermont.","Based on this passage, Robert Byrd, Strom Thurmond and Kennedy were the three longest-serving senators of all time.",closed_qa "Given this reference text about the career of Charles Henry Bromedge Caldwell, name the ships he commanded after his promotion to the rank of Commander.","Charles Henry Bromedge Caldwell was born in Hingham, Massachusetts on February 24, 1823. He entered the navy as midshipman February 27, 1838, and became lieutenant September 4, 1852. He commanded the USS Vandalia in the US Navy's second Fiji expedition, an 1859 punitive expedition against Waya Island warriors who had cannibalized two American traders. In 1862, he commanded the gun-boat Itasca, of the western gulf blockading squadron, and took part in the bombardment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip. On the night of April 20, his gun-boat, with the Pinola, was sent on an expedition under the command of Fleet-Capt. Bell, to make a passage for the fleet through the chain obstructions near the forts. Lieut. Caldwell and his party boarded one of the hulks that held the chains, and succeeded in detaching the latter, in spite of the heavy fire to which they were subjected. The Itasca was then swept on shore by the current, in full sight of the forts, and it was half an hour before she was afloat again. She was unable to pass the forts with the rest of the fleet, owing to a shot that penetrated her boiler. Lieut. Caldwell was in the action at Grand Gulf, June 9, 1862, and was promoted to commander on July 16 1862. He commanded the iron-clad Essex, of the Mississippi squadron in 1862–63, and took part in the operations at Port Hudson, from March to July 1863, in command of the Essex and the mortar flotilla. He commanded the Glaucus of the North Atlantic blockading squadron from 1863 till 1864, and the R. R. Cuyler, of the same squadron, from 1864 till 1865. He became captain, December 12, 1867, chief of staff of the North Atlantic fleet in 1870, and commodore on June 14, 1874. He died on November 30, 1877.","Essex Glaucus R. R. Cuyler",closed_qa What is the National Payments Corporation of India?,,"The National Payments Corporation of India is an umbrella organization for operating retail payments and settlement systems in India, is an initiative of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Indian Banks’ Association (IBA) under the provisions of the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007, for creating a robust Payment & Settlement Infrastructure in India. It was created by RBI for operating retail payments and settlement systems in India. Founded in December 2008, the NPCI is a not-for-profit organisation registered under Section 8 of the Companies Act 2013, established by the Reserve Bank of India and Indian Banks' Association. The organisation is owned by a consortium of major banks, and has been promoted by the country's central bank, the Reserve Bank of India. The NPCI was incorporated in December 2008 and the Certificate of Commencement of Business was issued in April 2009. The authorised capital has been pegged at ₹3 billion (US$38 million) and paid-up capital is ₹1 billion (US$13 million).",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Sounding stone, Cobza",,"Cobza is string, Sounding stone is percussion.",classification What are the examples of analog content provided in the passage? List them separated by semicolon.,"Datafication is a technological trend turning many aspects of our life into data which is subsequently transferred into information realised as a new form of value. Kenneth Cukier and Viktor Mayer-Schönberger introduced the term datafication to the broader lexicon in 2013. Up until this time, datafication had been associated with the analysis of representations of our lives captured through data, but not on the present scale. This change was primarily due to the impact of big data and the computational opportunities afforded to predictive analytics. Datafication is not the same as digitization, which takes analog content—books, films, photographs—and converts it into digital information, a sequence of ones and zeros that computers can read. Datafication is a far broader activity: taking all aspects of life and turning them into data [...] Once we datafy things, we can transform their purpose and turn the information into new forms of value",The examples provided in the above passage for analog content are: books; films; photographs.,information_extraction Based on the above passage find the different meanings of the word Vizier. Display the results in a comma separated format.,"A vizier (/ˈvɪziər/; Arabic: وزير, romanized: wazīr; Persian: وزیر, romanized: vazīr), or wazir, is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the near east. The Abbasid caliphs gave the title wazir to a minister formerly called katib (secretary), who was at first merely a helper but afterwards became the representative and successor of the dapir (official scribe or secretary) of the Sassanian kings. In modern usage, the term has been used for government ministers in much of the Middle East and beyond. Several alternative spellings are used in English, such as vizir, wazir, and vezir. Vizier is suggested to be an Iranian word, from the Pahlavi root of vičir, which originally had the meaning of a decree, mandate, and command, but later as its use in Dinkard also suggests, came to mean judge or magistrate. Arthur Jeffery considers the word to be a ""good Iranian"" word, as it has a well-established root in Avestan language. The Pahlavi vičir, is in fact from the Avestan vīčira, which means deciding. This Avestan root is behind the Modern Persian form of the word which is večer which means judge. This etymology is also supported by Johnny Cheung and Richard Nelson Frye Another possibility is that the etymology of the word is derived from the Arabic wazara (""to bear a burden""), from the Semitic root W-Z-R. The word is mentioned in the Quran, where Aaron is described as the wazir (helper) of Moses, as well as the word wizr (burden) which is also derived from the same root. It was later adopted as a title, in the form of wazīr āl Muḥammad (""Helper of the Family of Muhammad"") by the proto-Shi'a leaders al-Mukhtar and Abu Salama. Under the Abbasid caliphs, the term acquired the meaning of ""representative"" or ""deputy"".","a decree, mandate, command, judge, magistrate, representative, deputy",information_extraction "Which of the following are perfect square roots? Classify them as 'perfect' and 'not perfect' - 1, 23, 4, 6, 9, 10, 42, 112, 81, 100, 55, 16, 32, 25.",,"'perfect', 'not perfect', 'perfect', 'not perfect', 'perfect', 'not perfect', 'not perfect', 'not perfect', 'perfect', 'perfect', 'not perfect', 'perfect', 'not perfect', 'perfect'.",classification Give me a list of luxury watches to buy,,"Depending on the price you want to pay, here is a list of 10 very popular luxury watches: - Rolex Submariner with date or no date. - Rolex GMT Master II (Pepsi or Batman) - Rolex Cosmograph Daytona (White, black and other dial colours) - Audemars Piguet Royal Oak - Audemars Piguet Royal Oak Chronograph - FP.Journe : Chronomètre Souverain - Patek Philippe Nautilus (5711 or 5712) - Patek Philippe Calatrava - Cartier Tank - Jeager-Lecoultre Reverso",brainstorming "Classify each of the following as either a virtue or a vice: humility, kindness, patience, greed, anger, lust, envy, pride.",,"Humility, kindness, patience are the virtues. And greed, anger, lust, envy, pride are the vices.",classification If you had pogonophobia what would you be afraid of,,Beards,open_qa Name some of the bravolebrities from The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City,,"Heather Gay, Lisa Barlow, Meredith Marks and Whitney Rose",open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Saber-Toothed Tiger, Mountain Plover",,"Mountain Plover is alive, Saber-Toothed Tiger is extinct.",classification What is a mitochondrion?,,"A mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy. They were discovered by Albert von Kölliker in 1857 in the voluntary muscles of insects. The term mitochondrion was coined by Carl Benda in 1898. The mitochondrion is popularly nicknamed the ""powerhouse of the cell"", a phrase coined by Philip Siekevitz in a 1957 article of the same name. Some cells in some multicellular organisms lack mitochondria (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells). A large number of unicellular organisms, such as microsporidia, parabasalids and diplomonads, have reduced or transformed their mitochondria into other structures. One eukaryote, Monocercomonoides, is known to have completely lost its mitochondria, and one multicellular organism, Henneguya salminicola, is known to have retained mitochondrion-related organelles in association with a complete loss of their mitochondrial genome. Mitochondria are commonly between 0.75 and 3 μm2 in cross section, but vary considerably in size and structure. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondrial biogenesis is in turn temporally coordinated with these cellular processes. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human disorders and conditions, such as mitochondrial diseases, cardiac dysfunction, heart failure and autism. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. A mature red blood cell has no mitochondria, whereas a liver cell can have more than 2000. The mitochondrion is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane, cristae, and matrix. Although most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own genome (""mitogenome"") that is substantially similar to bacterial genomes. This finding has led to general acceptance of the endosymbiotic hypothesis - that free-living prokaryotic ancestors of modern mitochondria permanently fused with eukaryotic cells in the distant past, evolving such that modern animals, plants, fungi, and other eukaryotes are able to respire to generate cellular energy.",open_qa What is a stock?,,A stock is partial ownership in a business.,open_qa How early should you arrive at the airport before a flight?,,"An individual can arrive as early as they would like before a flight. It is recommended to arrive 4 hours before an international flight, and 2 hours before a domestic flight. Airline check in policies can vary. If checking a bag with the airline, some airlines allow checking a bag up to 6 hours before boarding time, some airlines only allow checking a bag up to 4 hours before boarding time. It is important to check various policies before planning your travel.",creative_writing What is the difference between alligator and a crocodile,,"Snout: Alligators have a wider, U-shaped snout, while crocodiles have a pointier, V-shaped snout. Water: Alligators prefer fresh water, while crocs tend to prefer saltwater or brackish water, which is a combination of saltwater and freshwater.",open_qa Which two kings did Sir Oliver Ingham serve under?,"Sir Oliver Ingham (about 1287–1344) was an English knight and landowner who served as a soldier and administrator under King Edward II of England and his successor, King Edward III. He was responsible for the civil government and military defence of the Duchy of Aquitaine during the War of Saint-Sardos and the early part of the Hundred Years' War. Born about 1287, he was the son and heir of Sir John Ingham (1260-1309) of Ingham, Norfolk, who had served in the wars of King Edward I against the Scots, and his wife Margery. In 1310 he not only inherited his father's lands in Norfolk, Suffolk, Wiltshire and Hampshire but was himself summoned by King Edward II for military service against Scotland. Appointed a household knight of the king, he received many royal grants including the custody of Ellesmere Castle in Shropshire, keeper for the counties of Cheshire and Flintshire, and official positions in Shropshire and Wiltshire. As a knight banneret, he served in Scotland with the king in August 1322.","King Edward II of England and his successor, King Edward III",closed_qa What is the wealthiest zip code in the United States?,,"Atherton, California",open_qa List the major internet search engines,,"Bing Google Yahoo DuckDuckGo Ask.com AOL",brainstorming What is a woodwind instrument?,,"Woodwind instruments are a family of musical instruments that produce sound by splitting the air blown on a sharp edge, such as a reed. These instruments can be made of any materials, not just wood.",open_qa Please describe a fantasy animal,,"An unicorn, a white horse like animal with a horn in the forehead",creative_writing "classify each of the following as either a city or a county: usa, mexico, cananda, syracuse, austin, mumbai, japan, tokyo",,"Of the list your presented, following are countries: usa, mexico, canada and japan. The following are cities: syracuse, austin, mumbai, tokyo.",classification what is the meaning of life?,,"I don't, go read some books",creative_writing What is Apache Spark?,,"Apache Spark is a multi-language engine for executing data engineering, data science, and machine learning on single-node machines or clusters.",open_qa "Classify each of these as a toy for a dog or a cat: ball, laser, bone, mouse, frisbee, catnip",,"ball: dog, laser: cat, bone: dog, mouse: cat, frisbee: dog, catnip: cat",classification "I'm always confused while segregating the trash. Could you help me identify what should go where? I have to throw these items: Soda Can, Paper Napkin, and Coffee Cup.",,"Here is how you can segregate these items: 1. Soda Can: Most soda cans get made from aluminum, which is recyclable. You can put it into the recycling bin. 2. Paper Napkin: If the paper napkin contains food debris, it should go in a trash can. Otherwise, you can put it in the compost bin. 3. Coffee Cup: You should check the coffee cup for the recycling symbol. If it is a plastic cup, it should go in the recycling bin. Otherwise, if it is a paper cup with a plastic lining, it can go in the compost bin. However, remember that if the cup has any food or liquid, it should go in the trash bin.",classification "Classify list as breeds of either a 'dog' or a 'cat': Border Collie, Siamese, Maine Coon, German Shepard, Persian, and Corgi?",,Border Collie is a breed of dog. Siamese is a breed of cat. Maine Coon is breed of cat. German Shepard is a breed of dog. Persian is a breed of cat. Corgi is breed of dog.,classification "Does having a real cork, artificial cork, or a screw-top have any impact on the quality of a bottle of wine?",,"Generally, no. There is little evidence to suggest any one closure is more superior than another for most wines. It is more important to have an airtight seal on a bottle of wine so as to prevent introduction of air into the bottle which would cause oxidation of the wine inside.",open_qa "What of the following component part of either Data Engineering or Machine learning? Delta Live Table (DLT), MLFlow, Autoloader, AutoML",,"Delta Live Table (DLT) is used to Data Engineering, MLFlow is used for Machine Learning, Autoloader is used to Data Engineering, AutoML is used for Machine Learning",classification Why is my buttercream frosting not white?,,"Clear vanilla is one of the best ways to keep your buttercream frosting as close to white as possible. If you use traditional or even artificial vanilla, it will turn your buttercream frosting into more of a cream color rather than pure white. Pure white buttercream does not exist, as the color of butter is slightly yellow, which will give your buttercream frosting a small amount of color. However, the most likely culprit of your tan buttercream is your traditional vanilla extract.",creative_writing Who was the first player sent off during a soccer match?,"This is a list of all occasions where a football player was sent off from a FIFA World Cup match due to a foul or misconduct, either as a direct expulsion (red card) or as a second caution (yellow card) within the match. This list includes all dismissals since the first World Cup in 1930. The use of physical red and yellow cards to respectively indicate dismissals and cautions is a later invention, having been introduced at the 1970 tournament. Only players are listed, even if they were at the substitutes' bench at the time of the sending off. Managers and other technical staff members are not covered. Statistics Plácido Galindo was the first player to be sent off in a World Cup match, playing for Peru against Romania in a 1930 match officiated by Alberto Warnken. Although physical red cards were introduced from 1970, they were not put in practice until the 1974 World Cup, when referee Doğan Babacan sent off Chile's Carlos Caszely during a match against West Germany. Two players have received red cards twice: Cameroon's Rigobert Song (1994 and 1998) and France's Zinedine Zidane (1998 and 2006). Five dismissals have taken place during final matches: Argentina's Pedro Monzón and Gustavo Dezotti (both 1990), France's Marcel Desailly (1998) and Zinedine Zidane (2006), and John Heitinga of the Netherlands (2010). Uruguay's José Batista received the quickest red card, in the first minute in a game against Scotland in 1986. A few expulsions either took place after the final whistle of the match or were awarded to players at the substitutes' bench (or both), and thus did not reduce the number of players on the pitch during the game. Two of them, that of Leandro Cufré of Argentina (vs Germany, 2006) and that of Denzel Dumfries of the Netherlands (vs Argentina, 2022), took place after the penalty shoot-outs of knockout matches, making them the latest red cards. Three goalkeepers have been sent off in the tournament: Italy's Gianluca Pagliuca (1994), South Africa's Itumeleng Khune (2010), and Wales's Wayne Hennessey (2022). The match with the most dismissals was Portugal vs Netherlands of 2006, when referee Valentin Ivanov dished out 4 red cards, 2 for each team. The referee who has sent off the most players is Arturo Brizio Carter, 7 red cards, in 5 different matches (also a record). The team that has the greatest number of expulsed players is Brazil, with 11 – in 9 different matches, a record shared with Argentina. The team whose opponents have received the most red cards is Germany (incl. West Germany), with 20 – in 18 different matches, also a record. The 2006 World Cup had the highest amount of red cards: a total of 28 players were sent off (in 20 matches, also a record).","Plácido Galindo was the first player to be sent off in a World Cup match, playing for Peru against Romania in a 1930 match officiated by Alberto Warnken. Although physical red cards were introduced from 1970, they were not put in practice until the 1974 World Cup, when referee Doğan Babacan sent off Chile's Carlos Caszely during a match against West Germany.",summarization What is House of the Dragon?,"House of the Dragon is an American fantasy drama television series created by George R. R. Martin and Ryan Condal for HBO. A prequel to Game of Thrones (2011–2019), it is the second television series in the A Song of Ice and Fire franchise. Condal and Miguel Sapochnik served as the showrunners for the first season. Based on Martin's 2018 novel Fire & Blood, the series is set about 100 years after the Seven Kingdoms are united by the Targaryen Conquest, nearly 200 years before the events of Game of Thrones, and 172 years before the birth of Daenerys Targaryen. Featuring an ensemble cast, the show portrays the events leading up to the beginning of the decline of House Targaryen, a devastating war of succession known as the ""Dance of the Dragons"".","House of the Dragon is an American fantasy drama television series created by George R. R. Martin and Ryan Condal for HBO. A prequel to Game of Thrones (2011–2019), it is the second television series in the A Song of Ice and Fire franchise. Condal and Miguel Sapochnik served as the showrunners for the first season. Based on Martin's 2018 novel Fire & Blood, the series is set about 100 years after the Seven Kingdoms are united by the Targaryen Conquest, nearly 200 years before the events of Game of Thrones, and 172 years before the birth of Daenerys Targaryen. Featuring an ensemble cast, the show portrays the events leading up to the beginning of the decline of House Targaryen, a devastating war of succession known as the ""Dance of the Dragons"". House of the Dragon received a straight-to-series order in October 2019, with casting beginning in July 2020 and principal photography starting in April 2021 in the United Kingdom. The series premiered on August 21, 2022, with the first season consisting of ten episodes. Five days after its premiere, the series was renewed for a second season. Sapochnik departed as showrunner after the first season, leaving Condal to serve as the sole showrunner for the second season. The first season received highly positive reviews, with praise towards its character development, visual effects, writing, score by Ramin Djawadi and performances (particularly Considine, Smith, D'Arcy, Alcock, and Cooke). However, the pacing, specifically of the time jumps, and the dark lighting of some scenes were criticized. The series premiere was watched by over 10 million viewers across the linear channels and HBO Max on the first day, the biggest in HBO's history. In January 2023, the series won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama.",information_extraction "Categorize the following as do's and don'ts when opening a new bank account: research bank options find the cheapest option know what kinds of accounts they offer know interest rates understand discounts open as many accounts as you can talk to an advisor go by hearsay",,"Do's: research bank options know what kinds of accounts they offer know interest rates understand discounts talk to an advisor Dont's: find the cheapest option open as many accounts as you can go by hearsay",classification What are the words of House Royce?,,"""We Remember""",open_qa What is the difference between a banana and a plantain?,,"While bananas and plantains share a lot of similar physical attributes, their uses are quite different. For example, bananas are typically used in sweeter dishes as they are considered to be a fruit and contain higher sugar amounts than plantains. Plantains are more starchy which is why they are not typically eaten raw and are often used in more savory dishes. Plantains are also typically larger in size than bananas. Bananas contain high levels of potassium which are excellent for our health and can help reduce the risk of heart disease and high blood pressure. Plantains also have health benefits but the benefits greatly depend on how they are prepared.",open_qa Pupik means belly button in what language,,Yiddish,open_qa When does Ramsay Bolton kill his stepmother and half-brother?,,"In the second episode of the sixth season of Game of Thrones (""Home""), Ramsay Bolton tricks his stepmother, Walda Frey, into going into the kennels with her newborn son (and Ramsay's half-brother), where the two are killed by Ramsay's dog.",open_qa "Which state joined the US on March 15, 1820?",,Maine.,open_qa What is the best way to feel peaceful in your mind?,,Do not expect anything from others. Don’t expect others to be the same like you. Everyone is different. Accept that to gain peace of mind. Don’t ruminate. The way to avoid that is to keep busy.,open_qa What are some common root vegetables for cooking?,,"Common root vegetables to use in cooking include potatoes, sweet potatoes, yams, carrots, parsnips, beets, turnips, and rutabagas.",brainstorming "Tell me whether these are mammas or reptiles: cats, dogs, monkeys, whales, turtles, lizards, crocodiles, snakes",,"Cats are mammals. Dogs are mammals. Monkeys are mammals. Whales are mammals. Turtles are reptiles. Lizards are reptiles. Crocodiles are reptiles. Snakes are reptiles.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Hang, Ruan",,"Ruan is string, Hang is percussion.",classification What are some examples of countries to visit for an amazing culinary experience?,,"Italy, India, Peru, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, Spain, Vietnam and Portugal",brainstorming Give me a list of video game systems from the past few decades,,"1) Atari 2) Nintendo 3) Sega 4) Sega Genesis 5) Super Nintendo 6) Sony Playstation 7) Sony Playstation 2 8) N64 9) Neo-Geo 10) Sega Saturn 11) Sega Gamecube 12) Nintendo Switch 13) Nintendo Wii 14) Playstation 3 15) Playstation 4 16) Playstation 5 17) MSFT XBox 18) MSFT Xbox One",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Frame drum, Citole",,"Citole is string, Frame drum is percussion.",classification What is the law of sines?,,"In geometry, the law of sines is a formula to find the triangle measurements based on knowing two angles and a side of it",open_qa What is the difference between a Fender Strat and Gibson Les Paul guitar?,,"The main difference is the pickups used in each of these guitars. Fender Strat has single coil pickups which give it a brighter sound while the Gibson Les Paul uses humbucker pickups which give it a more thicker, deeper sound. Eric Clapton mostly uses Strats while Slash of Guns and Roses fame uses a les paul.",open_qa "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Yak, Mute swan",,"Mute swan is wild, Yak is domesticated",classification "Given this paragraph about the dimensions of a volleyball court, is there a difference between the hight of the net for men's competitions vs women's competitions?","A volleyball court is 9 m × 18 m (29.5 ft × 59.1 ft), divided into equal square halves by a net with a width of one meter (39.4 in). The top of the net is 2.43 m (7 ft 11+11⁄16 in) above the centre of the court for men's competition, and 2.24 m (7 ft 4+3⁄16 in) for women's competition, varied for veterans and junior competitions.",The net is 19 cm higher for men's competitions (243 cm) than for women's competitions (224 cm).,closed_qa "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Avengers, Justice League of America",,"Avengers is Marvel, Justice League of America is DC",classification Which three players have the most Masters Victories?,,"Jack Nicklaus with 6 victories in 1963, 1965, 1966, 1972, 1975, 1986 Tiger Woods with 5 victories in 1997, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2019 Arnold Palmer with 4 victories in 1958, 1960, 1962, 1964",open_qa "Classify each of the following as an American coffee shop chain or an American fast-food hamburger restaurant: Starbucks, Dunkin Donuts, McDonald's, In-N-Out, Dutch Bros, Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf, Burger King, Carl's Jr",,"Coffee shop chain: Starbucks, Dunkin Donuts, Dutch Bros, Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf Fast-food hamburger restaurant: McDonald's, In-N-Out, Burger King, Carl's Jr",classification What can be done about NRA and why gun control is such an issue?,,"We all know what America stands for. There is no reason to discuss love for guns, indivdual freedom, right to bear firearms, self defence, gun lobby funded by NRA, and how republicans love guns etc etc. These are all facts but it doesn't change that people die everyday and lives are wasted or impacted as a result of poor gun laws. What can be done about this? 1. People who vote for gun laws have not had someone in their family shot or impacted. We don't want a personal event or death of a closed one to create a new law. An eye for an eye doesn't bring lives back. Educate the masses. Also, women tend to vote more positive on banning rifles as compared to men. Get more women out to change the law. 2. There is license for fishing and hunting. Guns should be rented and not owned. If you're into recreational things make it possible to rent guns and not own. Do background check, and let the person enjoy his time with the toys but cannot own it. This would allow the manufacture and NRA in business. 3. Never sell assault rifles to general public. A person who needs to have assault rifles are insecure by nature. They fear that the public is trying to get at them and they need to protect. Form community monitoring and have more police funding to protect our families.",creative_writing "Using the following text, list the top 4 drugs by revenue for Pfizer in 2022?","Pfizer Inc. (/ˈfaɪzər/ FY-zər) is an American multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology corporation headquartered on 42nd Street in Manhattan, New York City. The company was established in 1849 in New York by two German entrepreneurs, Charles Pfizer (1824–1906) and his cousin Charles F. Erhart (1821–1891). Pfizer develops and produces medicines and vaccines for immunology, oncology, cardiology, endocrinology, and neurology. The company's largest products by sales are the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine ($37 billion in 2022 revenues), Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir ($18 billion in 2022 revenues), Apixaban ($6 billion in 2022 revenues), a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ($6 billion in 2022 revenues), and Palbociclib ($5 billion in 2022 revenues). In 2022, 42% of the company's revenues came from the United States, 8% came from Japan, and 50% came from other countries. Pfizer was a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average stock market index from 2004 to August 2020. The company ranks 43rd on the Fortune 500 and 43rd on the Forbes Global 2000.","1. Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine 2. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir 3. Apixaban 4. Palbociclib",closed_qa Is Daft Punk still together?,,No. Daft Punk officially broke up in 2021.,open_qa What are some best practices to prepare biryani,,"Preparing biryani is more of an art. And results continue to improve as you start taking cues from various aspects of the ingredients being used. Most important steps that could lead to quality issues are around managing moisture while protein cooks. Especially when you use chicken. Chicken tends to release a lot of moisture and that can spoil the dish. A recommendation would be to cook all of the chicken 50% through without any seasoning in a separate pot. It'll release significant moisture in this process. Once done, you can then separate out chicken from the stock and use the chicken for Biryani. One of the other gotcha while cooking Biryani is while preparing rice. Rice should never be fully cooked before it's mixed with chicken. Remember that rice and seasoned chicken has to be cooked together for several minutes. To get best results make sure you cook rice in boiling water only 70% through. It should be bit uncooked. Then use that rice to mix with seasoned chicken and continue following the Biryani recipe from that point onwards.",brainstorming Create a checklist to move from a 3 bedroom apartment to a 5 bedroom home,,"1. Declutter first 2. Pack one room at a time and label the boxes 3. Mark Breakables 4. Create a first aid box 5. Create an essentials box 6. Move boxes into the respective rooms 7. Unpack 8. Re-arrange 9. Trash packaging and donate boxes",brainstorming "Given this paragraph about Africa, why Africa's per capita GDP is low?","Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both aspects. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surface area. With 1.4 billion people as of 2021, it accounts for about 18% of the world's human population. Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents; the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. Despite a wide range of natural resources, Africa is the least wealthy continent per capita and second-least wealthy by total wealth, behind Oceania. Scholars have attributed this to different factors including geography, climate, tribalism, colonialism, the Cold War, neocolonialism, lack of democracy, and corruption. Despite this low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion and the large and young population make Africa an important economic market in the broader global context.","While there are several reasons high population growth, corruption and colonialism and neocolonialism are some of the the factors.",closed_qa What is an ice pop?,"An ice pop is a liquid-based frozen snack on a stick. Unlike ice cream or sorbet, which are whipped while freezing to prevent ice crystal formation, an ice pop is ""quiescently"" frozen—frozen while at rest—and becomes a solid block of ice. The stick is used as a handle to hold it. Without a stick, the frozen product would be a freezie. An ice pop is also referred to as a popsicle in Canada and the United States, flash in Algeria, paleta in Mexico, the Southwestern United States and parts of Latin America, ice lolly in the United Kingdom (the term ice pop refers to a freezie in the United Kingdom), ice drop in the Philippines, ice gola in India, ice candy in India and Japan, ai tim tang or ice cream tang in Thailand (though both words is also colloquially used to refer to ice cream bar), and kisko in the Caribbean. The term icy pole is often used in Australia, but is a brand name for a specific type, so ice block is also used.","An ice-pop is a frozen dessert. It is served on a stick, and is made from sweetened liquid that frozen as a block of ice.",closed_qa Make a list of different fruits you could put in a fruit salad with at least 5 ingredients,,"Five fruits you could use are bananas, strawberries, apples, pears and blueberries",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Taal, Akonting",,"Akonting is string, Taal is percussion.",classification "Healthy choice for kids or unhealthy: French Fries, Banana, Candy, Vegetables",,Fruits like Banana and Vegetables are healthy choices for kids. They love fried food and sweets. These should be consumed moderately. French Fries and Candy are unhealthy choices.,classification Tell me three key things to do to drive a car faster on a track,,"Driving a car on a track can be an exhilarating experience, but there a few rules to keep in mind. Here are three key things to remember: 1. Eyes up - Many drivers have a tendency to look directly at the end of the hood or at the next cone or apex. Keep your eyes up and to be able to assess where you want to go. 2. Look where you want to go - Your hands on the steering wheel follow your eyes, so look where you want to go, not what you want to avoid or navigate. For example. you should be looking at the exit of a turn as you enter the turn (or the apex if it's a wide turn) 3. Slow in, fast out - Cornering can be particularly tricky, because we tend to turn in too fast and too early, which can set up for a slow exit. Brake hard, take it slow, and wait to turn into a corner to best position you and the car to accelerate swiftly out of the turn.",creative_writing What is the difference between an alligator and a crocodile?,,"Alligators and crocodiles have many similarities, including both having short legs, powerful tails, and long snouts, but there are also a number of ways to tell them apart. First, they are usually found in different locations, with alligators preferring freshwater areas and crocodiles being found in saltwater habitats. Second, their snouts are shaped differently, with alligators having a broad, U-shaped snout, where the snout of crocodiles is more narrow and V-shaped. You can often see some of the bottom teeth on a crocodile, even when its mouth is shut, but not on an alligator. Finally, alligators usually appear to be more black or dark gray, with crocodiles appearing more tan or olive.",open_qa What type of pokemon should I use to battle a water pokemon? Give me some examples.,,"Water type pokemon are weak against grass and electric type pokemon. Therefore, you should choose one of your pokemon of grass or electric type. The best choice, if you want to win the immediate battle, is to pick your strongest pokemon of the grass or electric type. Some examples of strong grass or electric type pokemon are Raichu, Venosaur, or Zapados.",open_qa "Given this article about the NSA's ANT catalog, Which hacking tools are used to infect the BIOS of computers or networking devices?","The ANT catalog (or TAO catalog) is a classified product catalog by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) of which the version written in 2008–2009 was published by German news magazine Der Spiegel in December 2013. Forty-nine catalog pages with pictures, diagrams and descriptions of espionage devices and spying software were published. The items are available to the Tailored Access Operations unit and are mostly targeted at products from US companies such as Apple, Cisco and Dell. The source is believed to be someone different than Edward Snowden, who is largely responsible for the global surveillance disclosures since 2013. Companies whose products could be compromised have denied any collaboration with the NSA in developing these capabilities. In 2014, a project was started to implement the capabilities from the ANT catalog as open-source hardware and software. Background The Tailored Access Operations unit has existed since the late 90s. Its mission is to collect intelligence on foreign targets of the United States by hacking into computers and telecommunication networks. In 2012, Edward Snowden organized a CryptoParty together with Runa Sandvik, a former colleague of Jacob Appelbaum at The Tor Project. In June 2013, Snowden took internal NSA documents which he shared with Glenn Greenwald and Laura Poitras, resulting in the global surveillance disclosures. It has been speculated for years before that capabilities like those in the ANT catalog existed. Publication Jacob Appelbaum co-authored the English publication in Der Spiegel with Christian Stöcker and Judith Horchert, which was publicized on 29 December 2013. The related English publication on the same day about the TAO by Der Spiegel was also authored by the same people, and including Laura Poitras, Marcel Rosenbach, Jörg Schindler and Holger Stark. On December 30, Appelbaum gave a lecture about ""the militarization of the Internet"" at the 30th Chaos Communication Congress in Hamburg, Germany. At the end of his talk, he encouraged NSA employees to leak more documents. Apple denied the allegations that it collaborated on the development of DROPOUTJEEP in a statement to journalist Arik Hesseldahl from All Things Digital (part of the Wall Street Journal's Digital Network). The Verge questioned how the program developed in later years, since the document was composed in the early period of the iPhone and smartphones in general. Dell denied collaborating with any government in general, including the US government. John Stewart, senior vice president and chief security officer of Cisco stated that they were ""deeply concerned and will continue to pursue all avenues to determine if we need to address any new issues."" Juniper stated that they were working actively to address any possible exploit paths. Huawei stated they would take appropriate audits to determine if any compromise had taken place and would communicate if that had taken place. NSA declined to comment on the publication by Der Spiegel. Source The source who leaked the ANT catalog to the press is unknown as of 2023. Author James Bamford, who is specialized in the United States intelligence agencies, noted in a commentary article published by Reuters that Appelbaum has not identified the source who leaked the ANT catalog to him, which led people to mistakenly assume it was Edward Snowden. Bamford got unrestricted access to the documents cache from Edward Snowden and could not find any references to the ANT catalog using automated search tools, thereby concluding that the documents were not leaked by him. Security expert Bruce Schneier has stated on his blog that he also believes the ANT catalog did not come from Snowden, but from a second leaker. Officials at the NSA did not believe that the web crawler used by Snowden touched the ANT catalog and started looking for other people who could have leaked the catalog. Content The published catalog pages were written between 2008 and 2009. The price of the items ranged from free up to $250,000. Capabilities in the ANT catalog Page Code name Description Unit price in US$ NSA CANDYGRAM.jpg CANDYGRAM Tripwire device that emulates a GSM cellphone tower. 40,000 NSA COTTONMOUTH-I.jpg COTTONMOUTH-I Family of modified USB and Ethernet connectors that can be used to install Trojan horse software and work as wireless bridges, providing covert remote access to the target machine. COTTONMOUTH-I is a USB plug that uses TRINITY as digital core and HOWLERMONKEY as RF transceiver. 20,300 NSA COTTONMOUTH-II.jpg COTTONMOUTH-II Can be deployed in a USB socket (rather than plug), and, but requires further integration in the target machine to turn into a deployed system. 4,000 NSA COTTONMOUTH-III.jpg COTTONMOUTH-III Stacked Ethernet and USB plug 24,960 NSA CROSSBEAM.jpg CROSSBEAM GSM communications module capable of collecting and compressing voice data 4,000 NSA CTX4000.jpg CTX4000 Continuous wave radar device that can ""illuminate"" a target system for recovery of ""off net"" information. N/A NSA CYCLONE Hx9.jpg CYCLONE-HX9 GSM Base Station Router as a Network-In-a-Box 70,000 NSA DEITYBOUNCE.jpg DEITYBOUNCE Technology that installs a backdoor software implant on Dell PowerEdge servers via the motherboard BIOS and RAID controller(s). 0 NSA DROPOUTJEEP.jpg DROPOUTJEEP ""A software implant for the Apple iPhone that utilizes modular mission applications to provide specific SIGINT functionality. This functionality includes the ability to remotely push/pull files from the device. SMS retrieval, contact list retrieval, voicemail, geolocation, hot mic, camera capture, cell tower location, etc. Command, control and data exfiltration can occur over SMS messaging or a GPRS data connection. All communications with the implant will be covert and encrypted."" 0 NSA EBSR.jpg EBSR Tri-band active GSM base station with internal 802.11/GPS/handset capability 40,000 NSA ENTOURAGE.jpg ENTOURAGE Direction finding application for GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000 and FRS signals 70,000 NSA FEEDTROUGH.jpg FEEDTROUGH Software that can penetrate Juniper Networks firewalls allowing other NSA-deployed software to be installed on mainframe computers. N/A NSA FIREWALK.jpg FIREWALK Device that looks identical to a standard RJ45 socket that allows data to be injected, or monitored and transmitted via radio technology. using the HOWLERMONKEY RF transceiver. It can for instance create a VPN to the target computer. 10,740 NSA GENESIS.jpg GENESIS GSM handset with added software-defined radio features to record the radio frequency spectrum 15,000 NSA GODSURGE.jpg GODSURGE Software implant for a JTAG bus device named FLUXBABBITT which is added to Dell PowerEdge servers during interdiction. GODSURGE installs an implant upon system boot-up using the FLUXBABBITT JTAG interface to the Xeon series CPU. 500 NSA GINSU.jpg GINSU Technology that uses a PCI bus device in a computer, and can reinstall itself upon system boot-up. 0 NSA GOPHERSET.jpg GOPHERSET GSM software that uses a phone's SIM card's API (SIM Toolkit or STK) to control the phone through remotely sent commands. 0 NSA GOURMETTROUGH.jpg GOURMETTROUGH User-configurable persistence implant for certain Juniper Networks firewalls. 0 NSA HALLUXWATER.jpg HALLUXWATER Back door exploit for Huawei Eudemon firewalls. N/A NSA HEADWATER.jpg HEADWATER Persistent backdoor technology that can install spyware using a quantum insert capable of infecting spyware at a packet level on Huawei routers. N/A NSA HOWLERMONKEY.jpg HOWLERMONKEY A RF transceiver that makes it possible (in conjunction with digital processors and various implanting methods) to extract data from systems or allow them to be controlled remotely. 750 NSA IRATEMONK.jpg IRATEMONK Technology that can infiltrate the firmware of hard drives manufactured by Maxtor, Samsung, Seagate, and Western Digital. 0 NSA IRONCHEF.jpg IRONCHEF Technology that can ""infect"" networks by installing itself in a computer I/O BIOS. IRONCHEF includes also ""Straitbizarre"" and ""Unitedrake"" which have been linked to the spy software REGIN. 0 NSA JUNIORMINT.jpg JUNIORMINT Implant based on an ARM9 core and an FPGA. N/A NSA JETPLOW.jpg JETPLOW Firmware that can be implanted to create a permanent backdoor in a Cisco PIX series and ASA firewalls. 0 NSA LOUDAUTO.jpg LOUDAUTO Audio-based RF retro-reflector listening device. 30 NSA MAESTRO-II.jpg MAESTRO-II Multi-chip module approximately the size of a dime that serves as the hardware core of several other products. The module contains a 66 MHz ARM7 processor, 4 MB of flash, 8 MB of RAM, and a FPGA with 500,000 gates. It replaces the previous generation modules which were based on the HC12 microcontroller. 3,000 NSA MONKEYCALENDAR.jpg MONKEYCALENDAR Software that transmits a mobile phone's location by hidden text message. 0 NSA NEBULA.jpg NEBULA Multi-protocol network-in-a-box system. 250,000 NSA NIGHTSTAND.jpg NIGHTSTAND Portable system that installs Microsoft Windows exploits from a distance of up to eight miles over a wireless connection. N/A NSA NIGHTWATCH.jpg NIGHTWATCH Portable computer used to reconstruct and display video data from VAGRANT signals; used in conjunction with a radar source like the CTX4000 to illuminate the target in order to receive data from it. N/A NSA PICASSO.jpg PICASSO Software that can collect mobile phone location data, call metadata, access the phone's microphone to eavesdrop on nearby conversations. 2,000 NSA PHOTOANGLO.jpg PHOTOANGLO A joint NSA/GCHQ project to develop a radar system to replace CTX4000. 40,000 NSA RAGEMASTER.jpg RAGEMASTER A concealed device that taps the video signal from a target's computer's VGA signal output so the NSA can see what is on a targeted desktop monitor. It is powered by a remote radar and responds by modulating the VGA red signal (which is also sent out most DVI ports) into the RF signal it re-radiates; this method of transmission is codenamed VAGRANT. RAGEMASTER is usually installed/concealed in the ferrite choke of the target cable. The original documents are dated 2008-07-24. Several receiver/demodulating devices are available, e.g. NIGHTWATCH. 30 NSA SCHOOLMONTANA.jpg SCHOOLMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based (FreeBSD-variant) J-series routers/firewalls. N/A NSA SIERRAMONTANA.jpg SIERRAMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based M-series routers/firewalls. N/A NSA STUCCOMONTANA.jpg STUCCOMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based T-series routers/firewalls. N/A NSA SOMBERKNAVE.jpg SOMBERKNAVE Software that can be implanted on a Windows XP system allowing it to be remotely controlled from NSA headquarters. 50,000 NSA SOUFFLETROUGH.jpg SOUFFLETROUGH BIOS injection software that can compromise Juniper Networks SSG300 and SSG500 series firewalls. 0 NSA SPARROW II.jpg SPARROW II A small computer intended to be used for WLAN collection, including from UAVs. Hardware: IBM Power PC 405GPR processor, 64 MB SDRAM, 16 MB of built-inflash, 4 mini PCI slots, CompactFlash slot, and 802.11 B/G hardware. Running Linux 2.4 and the BLINDDATE software suite. Unit price (2008): $6K. 6,000 NSA SURLYSPAWN.jpg SURLYSPAWN Keystroke monitor technology that can be used on remote computers that are not internet connected. 30 NSA SWAP.jpg SWAP Technology that can reflash the BIOS of multiprocessor systems that run FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, or Windows. 0 NSA TAWDRYYARD.jpg TAWDRYYARD Radio frequency retroreflector to provide location information. 30 NSA TOTECHASER.jpg TOTECHASER Windows CE implant for extracting call logs, contact lists and other information. N/A NSA TOTEGHOSTLY.jpg TOTEGHOSTLY Software that can be implanted on a Windows mobile phone allowing full remote control. 0 NSA TRINITY.jpg TRINITY Multi-chip module using a 180 MHz ARM9 processor, 4 MB of flash, 96 MB of SDRAM, and a FPGA with 1 million gates. Smaller than a penny. 6,250 NSA TYPHON HX.jpg TYPHON HX Network-in-a-box for a GSM network with signaling and call control. N/A NSA WATERWITCH.jpg WATERWITCH A portable ""finishing tool"" that allows the operator to find the precise location of a nearby mobile phone. N/A NSA WISTFULTOLL.jpg WISTFULTOLL Plugin for collecting information from targets using Windows Management Instrumentation 0 Follow-up developments Security expert Matt Suiche noted that the software exploits leaked by the Shadow Brokers could be seen as genuine because it matched with names from the ANT catalog. John Bumgarner has stated to IEEE Spectrum that US government suspicion of Huawei is based on its own ability to add backdoors as shown in the ANT catalog. NSA Playset The NSA Playset is an open-source project inspired by the NSA ANT catalog to create more accessible and easy to use tools for security researchers. Most of the surveillance tools can be recreated with off-the-shelf or open-source hardware and software. Thus far, the NSA Playset consists of fourteen items, for which the code and instructions can be found online on the project's homepage. After the initial leak, Michael Ossman, the founder of Great Scott Gadgets, gave a shout out to other security researchers to start working on the tools mentioned in the catalog and to recreate them. The name NSA Playset came originally from Dean Pierce, who is also a contributor (TWILIGHTVEGETABLE(GSM)) to the NSA Playset. Anyone is invited to join and contribute their own device. The requisites for an addition to the NSA Playset is a similar or already existing NSA ANT project, ease of use and a silly name (based on the original tool's name if possible). The silly name requisite is a rule that Michael Ossman himself came up with and an example is given on the project's website: ""For example, if your project is similar to FOXACID, maybe you could call it COYOTEMETH."" The ease of use part stems also from the NSA Playset's motto: ""If a 10 year old can't do it, it doesn't count!"" Name Description TWILIGHTVEGETABLE a boot image for GSM communication monitoring. LEVITICUS a hand held GSM frequency analyzer disguised as a Motorola phone; named after GENESIS. DRIZZLECHAIR a hard drive with all the needed tools to crack A5/1 including the rainbow tables. PORCUPINEMASQUERADE a passive Wi-Fi reconnaissance drone. KEYSWEEPER a keylogger in form of a USB wall charger, that wirelessly and passively sniffs, decrypts, logs and reports back (over GSM). SLOTSCREAMER a PCI hardware implant, which can access memory and IO. ADAPTERNOODLE a USB exploitation device. CHUKWAGON uses a pin on a computer's VGA port to attack via the I²C bus accessing the computer's operating system. TURNIPSCHOOL a hardware implant concealed in a USB cable which provides short range radio frequency communication capability to software running on the host computer. BLINKERCOUGH a hardware implant that is embedded in a VGA cable which allows data exfiltration. SAVIORBURST a hardware implant exploiting the JTAG interface for software application persistence; named after GODSURGE. FLUXBABBIT is replaced by SOLDERPEEK. CACTUSTUTU Portable system that enables wireless installation of Microsoft Windows exploits; covers NIGHTSTAND. TINYALAMO software that targets BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) and allows keystroke surveillance (keylogger) and injection. CONGAFLOCK Radio frequency retroreflector intended for experimentation. Intended use would be the implantation into a cable and data exfiltration based on radio reflectivity of the device.(FLAMENCOFLOCK (PS/2), TANGOFLOCK (USB), SALSAFLOCK (VGA) are retroreflectors with specific interfaces to test data exfiltration.) See also Cyberwarfare in the United States Equation Group MiniPanzer and MegaPanzer Stuxnet WARRIOR PRIDE Explanatory notes Whether ANT stands for Advanced Network Technology or Access Network Technology is not known. The article from Der Spiegel notes that it is a ""50-page document"" and that ""nearly 50 pages"" are published. The gallery contains 49 pages. Der Spiegel also noted that the document is likely far from complete. If the price is listed in bulk, a calculation is made to get the unit price For two months Including installation costs When ordering 25 units, the price per item is US$1000 Up to 4,000 Varies from platform to platform Data Network Technologies, a division of the Tailored Access Operations 100 units for 625,000","DEITYBOUNCE, IRONCHEF, SOUFFLETROUGH, and SWAP are hacking tools that can be used to infect servers, computers, and networking devices. DEITYBOUNCE is technology that installs a backdoor software implant on Dell PowerEdge servers via the motherboard BIOS and RAID controller(s). IRONCHEF is technology that can ""infect"" networks by installing itself in a computer I/O BIOS. SOUFFLETROUGH is BIOS injection software that can compromise Juniper Networks SSG300 and SSG500 series firewalls. SWAP is technology that can reflash the BIOS of multiprocessor systems that run FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, or Windows.",closed_qa "Explain how new technologies, like LLMs and ChatGPT, may revolutionize Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) in the future. Provide an example of how these APIs might work.",,"As a kid, I loved watching the Jetsons. As I grew older and ended up writing software and creating & implementing architectures for systems, I thought I would never see the day when a Jetsons-like kitchen would be feasible. GPT (ChatGPT, etc.) has changed my mind. Contractual Obligations As an architect, you kind of need to think like a lawyer. You define contracts (APIs) between systems or components. You monitor those APIs for abuse or misuse. I would use Swagger editor to define those contracts, and I would write the APIs to match interactions implied in mock-ups. I would vet the design with the team, I would walk through scenarios to see if the API would fit the use case and would not introduce performance bottlenecks, and I would simulate and automate as much as I could along the journey. I was very careful to get it right the first time. It was never perfect the first time, of course. So, I also had to consider how the API could evolve while minimizing costs/impact to the rest of the system. The API, once deployed, would become something I would guard, like an honest politician guards the #usconstitution. The team had to be careful with any change that impacted the API. API Mesh... More like API mess! APIs rely on APIs which rely on more APIs and libraries. Once a system gets large enough, that complexity becomes a bottleneck. Small changes can have a huge ripple effect. Some approaches (like federated #GraphQL) help manage this complexity nicely. But it still involves an API under which there can exist a lot of fragility. #Agile or not, developing a complicated web of APIs is complex, requires specialized skills, and is full of unforeseen challenges. The Kitchen Conversation, ChatGPT-style The Jetsons' kitchen involves a number of systems, each composed of various parts, sensors, hardware, inputs and outputs. Considering the complexity of interactions between independent systems in a kitchen, the fact that the Jetsons' kitchen components would come from various vendors or manufacturers, traditional API design would not be able to fulfill the vision. Not practical, at all. Now, let's think about APIs and the Jetsons' kitchen, #chatgpt -style. Let's keep it simple: pizza. You (or your robot) make a pizza from scratch. The oven asks the refrigerator: ""I see we have a pizza. Can you tell me if this is low-moisture mozzarella?"" Refrigerator: ""That's not even mozzarella. This pizza must have Muenster cheese as that is all I had in me. And the human removed some of the contents 30 minutes ago, so the probability of Muenster cheese on that pizza is quite high."" A sensor from the kitchen who has eyes across the room chimes in at this point. Sensor: ""Beware that the crust of this pizza is made of cauliflower. I agree with the video sensor's assessment regarding the type of cheese. No new cheese entered the kitchen recently."" Oven: ""Anything else I should know?"" Sensor: ""The temperature of the dough is 47F. This is cooler than the expert chef consensus of using room-temperature dough."" Oven: ""Great. I know what to do. Since the dough is cool, I will start cooking with a temperature a little lower than the recipe specifies. Then I will increase the temp of bottom element so as to provide a nice crisp crust. I will keep a close eye on moisture and may use convection to mitigate any undesirable levels of moisture."" Where is the API that contractually binds the independent systems? APIs are not gone. For instance, the brain of the Oven will have myriad APIs (e.g. for interacting with temperature controllers and sensors, etc.). The key here is that the interface between systems is no longer a fixed, rigid API. No method signatures, no paths, no payload specifications. Instead, a conversation relating to senses and capabilities. What ""brain""? Kence Anderson's book Designing Autonomous AI describes nicely how a complex system can be decomposed into a number of independent ""brains."" Each brain, in his book, can be independently developed and refined, with human guidance married with #datascience, #machinelearning and #dataengineering. What's Cookin'? I am excited for what the future holds. How architects rethink complex system design with regards to APIs is, in my opinion, something that is inevitable. And, as an amateur pizza maker, my taste buds are watering for the day I get some GPT help to make an even better #detroitpizza.",creative_writing Make a list of several games I could play with two friends,,"You could play cribbage, monopoly, poker, backgammon or yahtzee",brainstorming What is a humility?,,"Humility is the quality of being humble. Dictionary definitions accentuate humility as a low self-regard and sense of unworthiness. In a religious context humility can mean a recognition of self in relation to a deity (i.e. God), and subsequent submission to that deity as a member of that religion. Outside of a religious context, humility is defined as being ""unselved"", a liberation from consciousness of self, a form of temperance that is neither having pride (or haughtiness) nor indulging in self-deprecation.",open_qa Was Tyler Thompson a diplomat,,"Tyler Thompson (1907–2002) was an American Ambassador to Finland and Iceland. He also served as the Director General of the Foreign Service. Tyler entered the Foreign Service in 1931 after graduating from Princeton University.",open_qa "Tell me whether these are pasta types or pizza types: macaroni, rigatoni, margherita, pepperoni, orzo, spaghetti, stuffed crust, Hawaiian",,"Pasta: macaroni, rigatoni, orzo, spaghetti Pizza: margherita, pepperoni, stuffed crust, Hawaiian",classification Correct the typos and grammar in this passage,"Driven to investigate teh explained disappearance of her father, New York psychologist Ed Hunter (Alan Devine) travels to a remote village in the west of Ireland and finds a community that was been living in fear for centuries.","Driven to investigate the unexplained disappearance of his father, New York psychologist Ed Hunter (Alan Devine) travels to a remote village in the west of Ireland and finds a community that has been living in fear for centuries.",information_extraction "Please write a bulleted list of the key people involved in the construction of the Amsterdam Centraal station, and their role in the project.","Amsterdam Centraal was designed by Pierre Cuypers, who is also known for his design of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. While Cuypers was the principal architect, it is believed that he focused mostly on the decoration of the station building and left the structural design to railway engineers. The station was built by contractor Philipp Holzmann. The new central station replaced Amsterdam Willemspoort Station, which had closed in 1878, as well as the temporary Westerdok Station used from 1878 to 1889. The idea for a central station came from Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, then the Netherlands Minister of the Interior and responsible for the national railways, who, in 1884, laid two proposals before the Amsterdam municipal council. In the first proposal, the station would be situated between the Leidseplein and the Amstel river. In the other, it would be built in the open harbour front allowing for the station to be connected to the existing main lines in the area to the west and the south, but also to a projected new northern line.","The key people involved in the construction of Amsterdam Centraal station were: - Pierre Cuypers: designer - Philipp Holzmann: building contractor - Johan Rudolph Thorbecke: proposer",summarization Was the USS Rachel Seaman built in the 20th century?,USS Rachel Seaman was a wooden schooner purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War.,"No, it was purchased during the American Civil War, so it was likely built in the 19th century.",closed_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Pelycosaurus, Hippopotamus",,"Hippopotamus is alive, Pelycosaurus is extinct.",classification What is Delta Live Tables?,,"Delta Live Tables (DLT) is a declarative managed framework for building reliable, maintainable, and testable data pipelines.",open_qa What are the names of some great New England Patriots football players?,,"Great New England Patriots football players include: Tom Brady, Rob Gronkowski, Ron Burton, Ty Law, Teddy Bruschi, and John Hannah.",open_qa "Classify each of the following colors as primary or secondary: orange, red, blue, green, purple, yellow.",,"Red, yellow and blue are primary colors. Orange, green and purple are secondary colors.",classification Is a Hot dog a sandwich?,,"Technically a sandwich is defined as being made from 2 slices of some sort of bread or a split in half roll. By that definition, yes a hotdog is a sandwich. This is however an extremely contentious subject that many dispute.",open_qa Why Rafael Nadal succeeds on clay?,"Rafael Nadal on clay is like a Grand Theft Auto game with the 'Infinite Ammo' cheat code enabled. Several have compared the Spaniard displaying his prowess on the red dirt to Picasso painting a live mural, Ennio Morricone producing a melody exactly congruent with the scenario, or Jorge Lorenzo posting similar times lap after lap in an almost mechanical yet fluid approach.","Rafael Nadal on clay is like a Grand Theft Auto game with the 'Infinite Ammo' cheat code enabled. Several have compared the Spaniard displaying his prowess on the red dirt to Picasso painting a live mural, Ennio Morricone producing a melody exactly congruent with the scenario, or Jorge Lorenzo posting similar times lap after lap in an almost mechanical yet fluid approach. Rafael Nadal's ability on clay is mostly due to the surface itself. This may appear to be a quip, but the particular qualities of claycourts - which distinguish them from grass and hardcourts - are a fundamental reason why Rafael Nadal has dominated the surface the way he has. What distinguishes clay? It's sluggish and bouncy. Fundamentally, clay reduces the speed of the ball once it bounces on the surface. Of course, there's more to it than just making the game slow and monotonous, but that's the distinguishing quality of a claycourt. The surface is also less skiddish than grass or hard, allowing the ball to bounce high, which suits Rafael Nadal's high topspin-based game. The slick nature of grass and hardcourt surfaces has been one of Rafael Nadal's main challenges throughout his career. Because there is significantly more skid on the ball on grass and hard than on clay, the ball tends to stay low. That in turn takes away vital time from the Spaniard to apply enough topspin. For many of Rafael Nadal's career, his allegedly subpar serve in compared to his opponents was regarded as his most serious flaw. When his ground game isn't functioning, Nadal rarely has the luxury of a great first serve that can bail him out of trouble. To save break points, the 19-time Grand Slam champion frequently needs to drag out rallies. Despite having a somewhat weak serve for the majority of his career, Rafael Nadal has able to take use of his southpaw serve on the ad side (to a right-handed opponent's normally weaker side). And nowhere has he done it better than on his favourite red dirt; just ask Roger Federer how much it sucks for the opponent. The southpaw's serve forces the right-handed returner wide into his backhand corner, resulting in a weak return. This opens up practically the entire court for Rafael Nadal to unleash his most lethal weapon, the forehand down the line. Rafael Nadal's obsession with patterns has been a feature of his game throughout his career, regardless of the surface. In fact, because he is preoccupied on keeping to his rallying patterns, Nadal sometimes lets go of an opening and misses a chance to strike a winner into the open court. On social media, this has become known as Nadal's ""Open Court atheism.""",summarization Where is the Eclectochromis lobochilus fish generally found?,"Eclectochromis lobochilus is a species of fish in the family Cichlidae. It is found in Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Its endemic to Lake Malawi. This species is found along rocky shores and sometimes in the intermediate habitat between sandy and rock areas. It occurs at depths of 5–15 metres (16–49 ft). It feeds on invertebrates, mainly adult and larval in insects, that hide among aquatic vegetation or algae. The breeding males defend a cave among the rocks. The females mouthbrood the eggs and fry, guarding them after they have been released. This species is known as ""Haplochromis Hertae"" in the aquarium trade.","The Eclectochromis lobochilus fish is generally found in Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania.",summarization "Classify these as having wheels or not having wheels: car, plane, boat, bicycle, drone, street, motorcycle",,"Cars, planes, bicycles, and motorcycles typically have wheels. Boats, drones, and streets do not have wheels.",classification Which film owns the record for the most Oscar wins?,,"Three films own the record for the most Oscar wins. They are Titanic, Ben Hur, and Lord of the Rings: Return of the King, all of which won 11 awards.",open_qa Name the main crochet stitches,,"The main crochet stitches include the single crochet stitch, the double crochet stitch, the half double crochet stitch, the treble stitch and the slip stitch",open_qa Think up 4 different cities in California,,"Four cities in California are San Francisco, San Diego, Santa Barbara and Los Angeles",brainstorming What are the words of House Bolton?,,"""Our Blades are Sharp""",open_qa Best vacation in Mexico,,"Cancun, best beach vacation in Mexico.You can visit Playa Del Carman, Tulum and one of the new Wondars in the world.",brainstorming "Which of the following venomous snakes lay eggs: copperhead, water moccasin, rattlesnake, coral snake.",,"The coral snake is the only venomous snake listed that is an egg-layer, or oviparous. Copperheads, water moccasin and rattlesnakes are ovoviviparous, and bear live young.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Cimboa, Sipsi",,"Sipsi is woodwind, Cimboa is string.",classification "Explain me the concept of ""Karma"" in Buddhism.",,"Karma is one of the most misunderstood aspects of Buddhism. In simple terms, Karma is the law of action and reactions. Our actions, both physical and thoughts, are the acts that are put in the world. Reactions can be referred to as their manifestations in the actor's life, i.e. our own life. For example, suppose your mind is filled with greed, evil thoughts like harming another person, and jealousy. In that case, it reflects restlessness as we will never be satisfied, punishments for harming another person, and stress to become like someone else, respectively. For a positive example, a life lived with generosity, righteousness, kindness, and genuinely putting good out there will lead to respect in society and a fulfilled life. Furthermore, Buddhism believes in reincarnation. So the good acts and deeds that one puts in this life, one also reaps the benefits in the next life. Therefore, the equation of Karma is relatively straightforward. Do good and work for the betterment of society and oneself.",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tbilat, Harp guitar",,"Harp guitar is string, Tbilat is percussion.",classification Name the most famous detective books in the history,,"- Murder on the Orient Express by Agatha Christie (1934) - The Hound of the Baskervilles by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1902) - The Maltese Falcon by Dashiell Hammett (1930) - The Big Sleep by Raymond Chandler (1939) - The Name of the Rose by Umberto Eco (1980) - In the Woods by Tana French (2007)",open_qa Which Game Studio created Arcane?,"Arcane (titled onscreen as Arcane: League of Legends) is an adult animated steampunk action-adventure television series created by Christian Linke and Alex Yee for Netflix. It was produced by the French animation studio Fortiche under the supervision of Riot Games. Set in Riot's League of Legends fictional universe, it primarily focuses on sisters Vi and Jinx. The series was announced at the League of Legends 10th anniversary celebration in 2019, and first released in November 2021. Following the conclusion of the first season, Riot Games and Netflix announced that a second season was in production.",Arcane is an adult animated steampunk action-adventure television series created by Riot Games,closed_qa Extract the habitants for the Paris Region.,"The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an official estimated population of 12.271.794 habitants on January 1, 2023, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, the highest in Europe. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey, in 2022, Paris was the city with the ninth-highest cost of living in the world.","The Paris region has 12,271,794 habitants.",information_extraction "Classify each of the following as either an indoor or an outdoor sport: soccer, table tennis, darts, snooker, cricket",,"Soccer is an outdoor sport Table tennis or ping pong is an indoor sport Darts is an indoor sport Snooker is an indoor sport Cricket is an outdoor sport",classification What is a shogi?,,"Shogi is a board game called Japanese chess. Unlike chess, you can use the pieces you take as your own. There are 81 squares on the board (9x9), and there are more patterns than in chess. There are professional players in Japan, and research using AI is becoming very active.",open_qa How many syllables are in the word smarter?,,There are two syllables in the word smarter: smart-er.,open_qa "Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Wallis and Futuna or Morocco. Casablanca, El Kelaa des Srarhna, Mata-Utu, Fès, Leava",,"Wallis and Futuna - Mata-Utu, Leava Morocco - Casablanca, El Kelaa des Srarhna, Fès",classification How large is South Africa's economy?,"South Africa has a mixed economy, the third largest in Africa, after Nigeria and Egypt and the 39th largest in the world. It also has a relatively high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita compared to other countries in sub-Saharan Africa US$16,040 at purchasing power parity as of 2023 ranked 95th. South Africa is ranked 40th by total Wealth, making it the second wealthiest country in Africa, and in terms of private wealth South Africa has a private wealth of $651 billion making it the wealthiest country in Africa by private wealth followed by Egypt with $307 billion and Nigeria with $228 billion. Unlike most of the world's poor countries, South Africa does not have a thriving informal economy. Only 15% of South African jobs are in the informal sector, compared with around half in Brazil and India","South Africa has the third largest economy in Africa, and is the second wealthiest country on the continent, and the wealthiest by private wealth ($651 billion), followed by Egypt with $307 billion and Nigeria with $228 billion. South Africa's economy is mainly formal, with only 15% of jobs in the informal sector, compared with 50% in Brazil and India who have a thriving informal economy.",summarization What is the difference between coffee and espresso?,,"Espresso is a type of coffee. More specifically, it's a method of brewing coffee that uses high water pressure and finely ground beans to make a small, concentrated shot. Espresso has a top layer of foam known as the crema, which is a by-product of the high-pressure extraction process. When ordering a ""coffee"" in America, you will most likely get a drip coffee which is also a type of coffee. When you order un caffè (a coffee) in Italy, you will most likely receive an espresso.",open_qa "Classify the below places based on whether they are mountains or river. Everest, Niles, Hudson, Nanga Parbat",,"Everest, Nanga Parbat - Mountains Niles, Hudson- River",classification Who is Lewis Perez and what job did he hold?,"Lewis Pérez (11 December 1944 – 3 August 2019) was a Venezuelan politician who served as a Senator. He was married to Antonieta Boschetti Manrique for 31 years and had three children: Rosana, Daniel Enrique and José Daniel. He studied medicine at the Central University of Venezuela, obtaining a specialization in 1970. His political career began in 1975 when he was elected Deputy to Congress by Trujillo State. Then, in 1989, he was again elected as Deputy for his State, acting on that occasion as a member of the Permanent Finance Commission. In the 1993 parliamentary election, he was elected Senator by the Trujillo state, for the period 1994-1999, integrating the Defense Commission of the Congress. In 1997, he joined the National Executive Committee for Democratic Action (DA), as Secretary of Organization, and appears as a candidate for the 1998 election, in 1995 he appears as one of the candidates in an internal survey, promoting the transformation of DA into the «Betancourt party». On 28 November 1998 assumes as Secretary General of his party, Accion Democratica this because withdraw its support for the candidacy of Luis Alfaro Ucero General Secretary of DA, who refused and was expelled from the party. In 2000, delivers the secretary general Henry Ramos Allup. He died on 3 August 2019.","Lewis Perez was a politician in Venezuela. He held the position of Secretary of Organization for the National Executive Committee for Democratic Action in 1997. Later, in 1998 he took on the job of Secretary General of his political party, Accion Democratica.",summarization Based on the following passage what are positive and conventional current?,"The movement of electric charge is known as an electric current, the intensity of which is usually measured in amperes. Current can consist of any moving charged particles; most commonly these are electrons, but any charge in motion constitutes a current. Electric current can flow through some things, electrical conductors, but will not flow through an electrical insulator. By historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part. Current defined in this manner is called conventional current. The motion of negatively charged electrons around an electric circuit, one of the most familiar forms of current, is thus deemed positive in the opposite direction to that of the electrons. However, depending on the conditions, an electric current can consist of a flow of charged particles in either direction, or even in both directions at once. The positive-to-negative convention is widely used to simplify this situation. The process by which electric current passes through a material is termed electrical conduction, and its nature varies with that of the charged particles and the material through which they are travelling. Examples of electric currents include metallic conduction, where electrons flow through a conductor such as metal, and electrolysis, where ions (charged atoms) flow through liquids, or through plasmas such as electrical sparks. While the particles themselves can move quite slowly, sometimes with an average drift velocity only fractions of a millimetre per second, the electric field that drives them itself propagates at close to the speed of light, enabling electrical signals to pass rapidly along wires. In engineering or household applications, current is often described as being either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). These terms refer to how the current varies in time. Direct current, as produced by example from a battery and required by most electronic devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to the negative.  If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction. Alternating current is any current that reverses direction repeatedly; almost always this takes the form of a sine wave. Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within a conductor without the charge moving any net distance over time. The time-averaged value of an alternating current is zero, but it delivers energy in first one direction, and then the reverse. Alternating current is affected by electrical properties that are not observed under steady state direct current, such as inductance and capacitance. These properties however can become important when circuitry is subjected to transients, such as when first energised.","By historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part. Current defined in this manner is called conventional current.",information_extraction Who was Else Schmitz-Gohr,,"Else Schmitz-Gohr (12 August 1901 – 13 December 1987) was a German composer, pianist, and teacher who is best remembered for her Elegy for the Left Hand for piano, her successful students, and her recordings of Max Reger’s works for piano. Schmitz-Gohr was born in Cologne. She studied at the Cologne Conservatory and the Stern Conservatory in Berlin. Her teachers included Franz Bolsche, Wilhelm Klatte, Dr. Otto Klauwell, James Kwast, and Fritz Hans Rehbold. She socialized with sculptor Lili Graf. In 1918, she debuted as a pianist under conductor Hermann Abendroth, and in 1922 won the Gustav Hollaender medal.",open_qa How long is a marathon?,,A marathon is 26.2 miles and 42.195 kilometers,open_qa "List the ten episode titles from the fifth season of ""Game of Thrones"" in broadcast order.",,"The Wars to Come, The House of Black and White, High Sparrow, Sons of the Harpy, Kill the Boy, Unbent, Unbowed, Unbroken, The Gift, Hardhome, The Dance of Dragons, Mother's Mercy",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kemence, Castanets",,"Castanets is percussion, Kemence is string.",classification "Tell me whether these are cars or planes: Camaro, Piper Cub, Volvo S60, Shelby GT500, Boeing 737, Cessna, B707, Porsche, Beechcraft",,"Cars: Camaro, Volvo S60, Shelby GT500, Porsche Planes: Piper Cub, Boeing 737, Cessna, B707, Beechcraft",classification "What's a relaxing activity to do when visiting Seoul, South Korea?",,"The Secret Garden guided tour is a tranquil stroll through the Changdeokgung palace in Seoul. Featuring pavilions and several ponds, you can explore the grounds once walked upon by princes and kings. In addition to a reservation for a guided tour, you will also need a ticket into the palace that can be purchased separately. Reservations may be made online or on-site, but reserving online will provide more timeframes and a better guarantee of entrance on your desired day.",creative_writing Who wrote Vande Mataram poem?,,Vande Mataram is a poem written in sanskritised Bengali by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. The poem was first published in 1882 as part of Chatterjee's Bengali novel Anandmath.,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Zabumba, Dan ghita",,"Dan ghita is string, Zabumba is percussion.",classification "Based on this paragraph, what does Briony mean when she says at the conclusion: """"I like to think that it isn't weakness or evasion, but a final act of kindness, a stand against oblivion and despair, to let my lovers live and to unite them at the end.""","The final section, titled ""London 1999"", is narrated by Briony herself in the form of a diary entry. Now 77, she is a successful novelist who has recently been diagnosed with vascular dementia, so she is facing rapid mental decline. The reader learns that Briony is the author of the preceding sections of the novel. Briony attends a party in her honor at the Tallis family home, where the extended Tallis children perform The Trials of Arabella, the play that 13-year-old Briony had written and unsuccessfully attempted to stage with her cousins in the summer of 1935. Leon and Pierrot are in attendance, Jackson is fifteen years deceased, and Lola is alive but does not attend. Finally, Briony reveals to the reader that Robbie Turner died of septicaemia on the beaches of Dunkirk, that Cecilia was killed several months later when a bomb destroyed Balham Underground station during the Blitz, and that Briony's story of seeing them together in 1940 was a fabrication. Briony did attend Lola's wedding to Paul Marshall, but confesses she was too ""cowardly"" to visit the recently bereaved Cecilia to make amends. The novel, which she says is factually true apart from Robbie and Cecilia being reunited, is her lifelong attempt at ""atonement"" for what she did to them. Briony justifies her invented happy ending by saying she does not see what purpose it would serve to give readers a ""pitiless"" story. She writes, ""I like to think that it isn't weakness or evasion, but a final act of kindness, a stand against oblivion and despair, to let my lovers live and to unite them at the end.""","Based on this passage, Briony is explaining, as the narrator of the novel, why she fabricated the portion of the story involving the reunion of Robbie and Cecilia.",summarization What is the population of Canada?,,"Canada is a country in North America with a population of 38.25 million people. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline. It is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. The country is sparsely inhabited, with the vast majority residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Mandobass, Pommer",,"Pommer is woodwind, Mandobass is string.",classification Can you list some of the most successful empires in History?,,"Of course! Here are a few of the most successful empires in History: - Roman Empire - Mongol Empire - British Empire - Spanish Empire - Portuguese Empire - Ottoman Empire - Russian Empire",brainstorming "In the game Dungeons and Dragons, players can be spell casters or non-spell casters. Sort this list into those two categories: Wizard, Bard, Ranger, Barbarian, Cleric, Druid, Rogue, Sorcerer, Warlock, Fighter and Monk.",,"In D&D the casters are the Bard, Cleric, Druid, Sorcerer, Warlock, and Wizard. The Rogue, Fighter, Barbarian, Monk and Ranger are non-spell casters.",classification "Please classify the following as either cities or states: Chicago, Massachusetts, Boston, Alabama, Alaska, and Phoenix.",,"Chicago, Phoenix, and Boston are cities. Massachusetts, Alabama, and Alaska are states.",classification "I have 13 identical balls that weigh the same, and out of them, one is an odd one weighing less or more. How can I find the odd one out with a simple balance? What is the least number of times I require a simple balance to find the odd one out?",,"We can start with basic iteration to weigh all the balls against each other, but that would take too many turns. Instead, we can group them in fours to reduce the iterations and maximize the result derivation vector. In the first iteration, we can narrow down to minimum of eight, in the second to minimum of three, and in the third to one. Therefore, the minimum number of turns required is three.",brainstorming Who is the Cigarette Smoking Man?,,"The cigarette smoking man is a fictional character from the TV show ""The X-Files."" His name was revealed to be C.G.B. Spender in later seasons of the show. He was portrayed by William B. Davis.",open_qa What are 5 popular reality TV shows?,,"1. The Real Housewives 2. Survivor 3. The Bachelor 4. RuPaul's Drag Race 5. The Voice",brainstorming Write a story with a moral lesson at the end?,,"You all know the Lion is the king of the forest. One lion king used to go everywhere in its kingdom with his advisors, the wolf and the fox. As lunch time approached, the king asked the wolf what we should do. The wolf said that the prey animals will be coming from the north. You wait hidden in the bush in the south. I shall wait in the west and the fox can wait in the east and ensure the prey do not escape to the east or west. Good idea. so they all followed the plan. Along came a rabbit, ran helter skelter frightened on seeing the fox and the wolf and straight into the lion, who with one swipe of its paw killed the rabbit. Next a donkey came by and met a similar fate. So did a deer. The lion felt they had sufficient food for their meal and asked the wolf of how we were going to share the meal. The wolf said that the fox can have the rabbit., the lion can have the donkey and he would partake of the deer. The lion knew the tastiest meat is that of the deer, and sensing the deviousness of the advisor wolf smacked him dead. Next he asked the fox for advice on sharing. The fox meekly replied that whatever way the lion wants to have the meal is fine and good. On hearing this the lion said you are a wise and good advisor, who is your guru? The fox humbly replied that the wolf was his guru. Seeing the fate of the wolf the fox learnt from the wolf's mistake. The moral of the story: You can and must learn from your mistakes. To err is human. But to repeat a mistake is foolish. However we need not keep making mistakes to learn life lessons. It is really wise to learn from other's mistake.",creative_writing List 7 exotic fruits that I should try.,,"1. Dragon fruit 2. Passion fruit 3. Cherimoya 4. Soursop 5. Star fruit 6. Papaya 7. Mangosteen",brainstorming List the ingredients used to make a mojito in a bulleted list.,"Mojito (/moʊˈhiːtoʊ/; Spanish: [moˈxito]) is a traditional Cuban punch. The cocktail often consists of five ingredients: white rum, sugar (traditionally sugar cane juice), lime juice, soda water, and mint. Its combination of sweetness, citrus, and herbaceous mint flavors is intended to complement the rum, and has made the mojito a popular summer drink. When preparing a mojito, fresh lime juice is added to sugar (or to simple syrup) and mint leaves. The mixture is then gently mashed with a muddler. The mint leaves should only be bruised to release the essential oils and should not be shredded. Then rum is added and the mixture is briefly stirred to dissolve the sugar and to lift the mint leaves up from the bottom for better presentation. Finally, the drink is topped with crushed ice and sparkling soda water. Mint leaves and lime wedges are used to garnish the glass. In Cuba, the mint used to make mojito is most commonly Mentha × villosa (called Yerba Buena or Hierbabuena in Cuba) which has a light minty/citrus aroma, but outside of Cuba spearmint is often used which has a stronger mint aroma.","white rum sugar lime juice soda water mint",information_extraction What is the The Science Laureates of the United States Act of 2013,,"The Science Laureates of the United States Act of 2013 (H.R. 1891) is a bill that would create the position of Science Laureate of the United States, meant to be similar to the United States Poet Laureate. The Science Laureate would spend their term traveling around the country promoting science and research to students and the general public. The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.",open_qa How do you make a beef brisket rub?,,"1 1/2 cups of Brown Sugar 1/3 cup or salt 1/4 cup or pepper 1/2 cup or smoked paprika 1 1/4 tablespoons of garlic powder 1 tablespoons of onion powder 1 tablespoon of cayenne pepper 1/2 tablespoon of chili powder 1/2 tablespoon of cumin 1/3 teaspoon of coco powder",open_qa I need a bulleted list of a few things people like to do with trees.,,"- Read under one - Plant some in a park - Pick and eat its fruit - Cut it for lumber",creative_writing What are some creative inspirations for a beginner photographer?,,"First and foremost, change the scenery. Travel to a new city. Take a walk in a new neighborhood. Adventure into the nature. A fresh sight to behold may inspire you in ways you never thought would be possible. Second, vary the lighting conditions. Revisit your familiar photo spots at different hours - during the sunrise, sunset, at noon, in pitch darkness and of course, during the golden hours when the world around you embraces that warm glow. Third, limit your gear options. Do you love zoom lenses? Try committing to a single prime lens for your next photo walk. Try out a super-telephoto lens for a landscape shot. Use a wide angle lens for a portrait photo. Limiting your gear options will force you to worry less about which lens to use and think more about getting the shot with the unique constraints you have. Fourth, take some time to look around with your eyes before looking through the viewfinder. Take a look at the scenery. Imagine - without looking - how your lens will render the scene. Think ahead about the depth of field you want, think about the composition ahead. Last but not the least, try out different types of photography. Try a hike to a scenic location for a great landscape shot,. Take photos of people, especially your loved ones. Try to photograph wildlife and birds. Take your camera to the city street and snap away the city scapes and the people. Try indoor photography if you haven't. Experiment with artificial lighting and flashes.",brainstorming From the passage identify the areas where cytokines can help the host immune responses. Display the results in a comma separated format.,"Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–25 kDa) important in cell signaling. Cytokines are peptides and cannot cross the lipid bilayer of cells to enter the cytoplasm. Cytokines have been shown to be involved in autocrine, paracrine and endocrine signaling as immunomodulating agents.Cytokines include chemokines, interferons, interleukins, lymphokines, and tumour necrosis factors, but generally not hormones or growth factors (despite some overlap in the terminology). Cytokines are produced by a broad range of cells, including immune cells like macrophages, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and mast cells, as well as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and various stromal cells; a given cytokine may be produced by more than one type of cell. They act through cell surface receptors and are especially important in the immune system; cytokines modulate the balance between humoral and cell-based immune responses, and they regulate the maturation, growth, and responsiveness of particular cell populations. Some cytokines enhance or inhibit the action of other cytokines in complex ways. They are different from hormones, which are also important cell signaling molecules. Hormones circulate in higher concentrations, and tend to be made by specific kinds of cells. Cytokines are important in health and disease, specifically in host immune responses to infection, inflammation, trauma, sepsis, cancer, and reproduction.The word comes from the ancient Greek language: cyto, from Greek κύτος, kytos, 'cavity, cell' + kines, from Greek κίνησις, kinēsis, 'movement'.","infection, inflammation, trauma, sepsis, cancer, reproduction",information_extraction "Classify the below numbers into odd or even. 1, 4, 5, 333, 67, 88, 100",,"Odd - 1, 5, 333, 67 Even - 4, 88, 100",classification "Tell me if the following activities are healthy or harmful: sleeping, running, eating fruit, smoking, listening to music, drinking alcohol, occasional cocaine usage, hiking by yourself in the desert with no water, eating McDonald’s",,"There are a variety of activities here, some are healthy while others will result in doing harm to your body. The clear healthy activities include: sleeping, running, eating fruit and listening to music. The activities that are clearly harmful include: smoking, occasional cocaine usage, hiking by yourself in the desert with no water and eating McDonald’s. There is one activity that is widely thought to be healthy when done in moderation: drinking alcohol.",classification "List the ten episode titles from the first season of ""Game of Thrones"" in broadcast order.",,"Winter is Coming, The Kingsroad, Lord Snow, Cripples, Bastards, and Broken Things, The Wolf and the Lion, A Golden Crown, You Win or Die, The Pointy End, Baelor, Fire and Blood",open_qa "Given the reference text about the history of the Olympic marathon distance, tell me what was the distance of the Olympic marathon during the 1924 Olympics in Paris in kilometers?","The International Olympic Committee agreed in 1907 that the distance for the 1908 London Olympic marathon would be about 25 miles or 40 kilometers. The organizers decided on a course of 26 miles from the start at Windsor Castle to the royal entrance to the White City Stadium, followed by a lap (586 yards 2 feet; 536 m) of the track, finishing in front of the Royal Box. The course was later altered to use a different entrance to the stadium, followed by a partial lap of 385 yards to the same finish. The modern 42.195 km (26.219 mi) standard distance for the marathon was set by the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) in May 1921 directly from the length used at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London.","The distance of the Olympic marathon in 1924 would have been 42.195 kilometers, since this is the standard distance set by the IAAF in 1921.",closed_qa "Tell me whether each of these is red or brown: tomato, strawberry, raspberry, chocolate, coffee, almond",,"Tomato: Red Strawberry: Red Raspberry: Red Chocolate: Brown Coffee: Brown Almond: Brown",classification Give me a list of the lines on the London Underground,,"- Bakerloo - Central - Circle - District - Hammersmith & City - Jubilee - Metropolitan - Northern - Piccadilly - Victoria - Waterloo & City",brainstorming Who would win between a boxer and an MMA fighter?,,"In a fight with virtually no rules, or with rules that are followed in MMA. The MMA fighter will clearly have the advantage over the boxer, because MMA fighters have a wide variety of skills, for instance they can use both their hands and legs. However, under boxing rules, the same principle will apply, a boxer would definitely have the upper hand in this setting. A good example is the Floyd Mayweather vs Conor McGregor fight, which was under boxing rules and saw mayweather emerge as the winner.",brainstorming How many episodes of the second season of Game of Thrones did Alan Taylor direct?,,"Alan Taylor directed the first two, eighth, and last episodes of the second season of Game of Thrones.",open_qa How can the dialogue be described in this film?,"Wilcox is a Canadian drama film, directed by Denis Côté and released in 2019. Told entirely without dialogue, the film tells the story of Wilcox (Guillaume Tremblay), a mysterious drifter travelling in an apparent search for adventure. Although he does interact with other characters in the film, the dialogue taking place in the story is not heard by the audience.",There is no dialogue.,closed_qa What high school did Washington Governer Jay Inslee attend?,,Ingraham High School,open_qa "Are these things heavy or light? Empty soup bowl, empty shipping container, couch, pillow, apple, pencil, mattress",,"Empty soup bowl: light, empty shipping container: heavy, couch: heavy, pillow: light, apple: light, pencil: light, mattress: heavy",classification What was the result and impact of the First Battle of Tannenberg?,"The Battle of Grunwald, Battle of Žalgiris, or First Battle of Tannenberg, was fought on 15 July 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War. The alliance of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led respectively by King Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila), and Grand Duke Vytautas, decisively defeated the German Teutonic Order, led by Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen. Most of the Teutonic Order's leadership were killed or taken prisoner. Although defeated, the Teutonic Order withstood the subsequent siege of the Malbork Castle and suffered minimal territorial losses at the Peace of Thorn (1411), with other territorial disputes continuing until the Treaty of Melno in 1422. The order, however, never recovered their former power, and the financial burden of war reparations caused internal conflicts and an economic downturn in the lands controlled by them. The battle shifted the balance of power in Central and Eastern Europe and marked the rise of the Polish–Lithuanian union as the dominant regional political and military force. The battle was one of the largest in medieval Europe. The battle is viewed as one of the most important victories in the histories of Poland and Lithuania. It is also commemorated in Ukraine and Belarus. It has been used as a source of romantic legends and national pride, becoming a larger symbol of struggle against foreign invaders. During the 20th century, the battle was used in Nazi German and Soviet propaganda campaigns. Only in recent decades have historians moved towards a dispassionate, scholarly assessment of the battle, reconciling the previous narratives, which differed widely by nation.",The Teutonic Order was defeated in the First Battle of Tannenberg and the subsequent decline of the Teutonic Order led to Polish–Lithuanian union becoming the dominant regional force.,information_extraction "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Igba, Berimbau",,"Berimbau is string, Igba is percussion.",classification "Given a reference text about Listeriosis, tell me how how the bacterium is transfered into animals, and people.","Listeriosis is an infectious but not contagious disease caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, far more common in domestics animals (domestic mammals and poultry), especially ruminants, than in human beings. It can also occur in feral animals—among others, game animals—as well as in poultry and other birds. The causative bacterium lives in the soil and in poorly made silage, and is acquired by ingestion. It is not contagious; over the course of a 30-year observation period of sheep disease in Morocco, the disease only appeared in the late 2000s (decade) when feeding bag-ensiled corn became common.[better source needed] In Iceland, the disease is called ""silage sickness"".",Listeriosis is most often associated with animals but can also infect people and is primarily transferred by ingestion.,closed_qa Name five teams in Liga Portugal.,,"Five teams in Liga Portugal are Benfica, Porto, Sporting, Braga, and Arouca.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about the domestication of mammals, tell me the earliest known time period in which dairying occurred and also give me the location.","Humans first learned to consume the milk of other mammals regularly following the domestication of animals during the Neolithic Revolution or the development of agriculture. This development occurred independently in several global locations from as early as 9000–7000 BC in Mesopotamia to 3500–3000 BC in the Americas. People first domesticated the most important dairy animals – cattle, sheep and goats – in Southwest Asia, although domestic cattle had been independently derived from wild aurochs populations several times since. Initially animals were kept for meat, and archaeologist Andrew Sherratt has suggested that dairying, along with the exploitation of domestic animals for hair and labor, began much later in a separate secondary products revolution in the fourth millennium BC. Sherratt's model is not supported by recent findings, based on the analysis of lipid residue in prehistoric pottery, that shows that dairying was practiced in the early phases of agriculture in Southwest Asia, by at least the seventh millennium BC. From Southwest Asia domestic dairy animals spread to Europe (beginning around 7000 BC but did not reach Britain and Scandinavia until after 4000 BC), and South Asia (7000–5500 BC). The first farmers in central Europe and Britain milked their animals. Pastoral and pastoral nomadic economies, which rely predominantly or exclusively on domestic animals and their products rather than crop farming, were developed as European farmers moved into the Pontic–Caspian steppe in the fourth millennium BC, and subsequently spread across much of the Eurasian steppe. Sheep and goats were introduced to Africa from Southwest Asia, but African cattle may have been independently domesticated around 7000–6000 BC.",The earliest known dairying occurred between 9000-7000 BC in Mesopotamia.,closed_qa Tell me all possible to boil an egg,,"To boil an egg you could: - Boil the water and then submerge the egg in the boiling water for 5 to 10 mins - Put the the egg in a pot, add water, apply heat until it boils, and then wait for 5 to 10 mins",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Crotale, Kannel",,"Kannel is string, Crotale is percussion.",classification "Write a dialogue describing a phone call between a parent named June Smith and her daughter's doctors office making an appointment for a sports physical. The daughter is named May, she plays soccer, and the doctor's schedule is very busy at the start of the school year.",,"Dr's Office: Hello, this is Dr. Marshall's office, how can I help you? June: Hi, this is June Smith, and I'm calling to make an appointment for my daughter May. Dr's Office: Okay, what type of appointment is this? June: She needs a sports physical for her school soccer team Dr's Office: Sounds good, Dr. Marshall has an appointment available in two weeks on Friday at 10 am June: Is there anyway to see the doctor before then? Dr's Office: Unfortunately, with school starting the schedule is very packed, so that is the first available appointment. June: Okay, I'll take the appointment on the Friday then. See you then! Dr's Office: Sounds good, I'll put you in the schedule. Is there anything else I can help with? June: Nope, that's all. Have a nice day!",creative_writing Who was the first woman ever inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame?,,Aretha Franklin.,open_qa List all of the call signs mentioned in the paragraph,"WABG-TV's first broadcast was on October 20, 1959, on VHF channel 6. Originally it was a CBS affiliate, with a secondary affiliation with ABC owing to WABG radio (960 AM)'s affiliation with ABC Radio. In 1966, the station built a 1,200-foot (366 m) tower near Inverness and increased its effective radiated power to 100,000 watts. Following its completion in October 1966, WABG dropped CBS to become a full-time ABC affiliate in November 1966. Until then, the only areas of the state to receive a sole ABC affiliate were the northwest (from Memphis' WHBQ-TV) and the Gulf Coast (from WVUE in New Orleans). Until future sister station WXVT signed on in 1980, WJTV in Jackson served as the default CBS affiliate for the southern counties in the Delta area, while WREG-TV in Memphis served the northern half of the market, Mississippi cities like Kosciusko received WABG-TV on their analog television set as their default ABC station from 1970 to 2009, as WAPT in Jackson did not have a strong signal on analog television in the Kosciusko area. On March 12, 1986, the studios of WABG were damaged by a fire triggered by an electrical short circuit after the station signed off the air for the night. With no injuries being reported, the station was forced to relocate its transmission signal.[citation needed]","Sure, here is a full list of all the call signs that were mentioned in the paragraph: - WABG-TV - WABG - WHBQ-TV - WVUE - WXVT - WJTV - WREG-TV - WAPT",information_extraction What kind of species are the Triplophysa longipectoralis,,"Triplophysa longipectoralis is a cave-living species of stone loach with vestigial eyes. The fish lives in clear water at temperatures below 20 °C. The holotype was caught in Xunle town, Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County in the Liu River basin, Guangxi, China and was described by Zheng et al. in 2009.",open_qa "What is the ""iron curtain""?",,"Winston Churchill first mentioned the word ""iron curtain"" during his speech on March 5, 1946: ""From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow."" In Churchill's mind, the ""iron curtain"" defines the boundary which separates western European countries under US influence and eastern European countries under Soviet Control. This was further solidified by the creation of the Berlin wall and the Soviet supported Communist governments that ruled over eastern European countries throughout the cold war. After the collapse of Soviet Union, the iron curtain disappeared as many eastern European countries topped their Communist governments and joined the Western sphere of influence.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Maddale, Banhu",,"Banhu is string, Maddale is percussion.",classification What is the difference between a dialect and an accent?,,"Most people would commonly refer to an accent as a distinctly unique annunciation of consonant and vowels commonly heard in a geographic proximity or spoken by a distinct community coming from a geographic proximity. Dialect, on the other hand, has attributions beyond annunciation of sounds, and includes the use of slang or local terms, mixed etymology and an element of shared ideas or principles about how to communicate. Another category not considered here is a creole, which is a blending of two or more languages.",open_qa "What is the oldest incorporated academy in the united states, with multiple u.s. presidents as alumni?","Phillips Academy is the oldest incorporated academy in the United States, established in 1778 by Samuel Phillips Jr. His uncle, Dr. John Phillips, later founded Phillips Exeter Academy in 1781. Phillips Academy's endowment stood at just over one billion dollars as of February 2016. Andover is subject to the control of a board of trustees, headed by Amy Falls, who succeeded Peter Currie, business executive and former Netscape Chief Financial Officer, who himself had taken over as president of the Phillips Academy Board of Trustees on July 1, 2012. On December 5, 2019, Dr. Raynard S. Kington, 13th President of Grinnell College, was named the 16th Head of School. Phillips Academy admitted only boys until the school became coeducational in 1973, the year of Phillips Academy's merger with Abbot Academy, a boarding school for girls also in Andover. Abbot Academy, founded in 1828, was one of the first incorporated schools for girls in New England. Then-headmaster Theodore Sizer of Phillips and Donald Gordon of Abbot oversaw the merger. Andover traditionally educated its students for Yale, just as Phillips Exeter Academy educated its students for Harvard, and Lawrenceville prepped students for Princeton. The school's student-run newspaper, The Phillipian, is the oldest secondary school newspaper in the United States, the next oldest secondary school newspaper being The Exonian, Phillips Exeter Academy's weekly. The Phillipian was first published on July 28, 1857, and has been published regularly since 1878. It retains financial and editorial independence from Phillips Academy, having completed a $500,000 endowment drive in 2014. Students comprise the editorial board and make all decisions for the paper, consulting with two faculty advisors at their own discretion. The Philomathean Society is one of the oldest high school debate societies in the nation, second to the Daniel Webster Debate Society at Phillips Exeter Academy. Phillips Academy also runs a five-week summ","Phillips Academy Andover, Massachusetts",closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cymbal, Kontigi",,"Cymbal is percussion, Kontigi is string.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Chime bar, Pinaka vina",,"Pinaka vina is string, Chime bar is percussion.",classification What are the most abundant greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere,,"The most abundant greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, listed in decreasing order: Water vapor Carbon dioxide Methane Nitrous oxide Ozone Chlorofluorocarbons Hydrofluorocarbons Perfluorocarbons",open_qa "Make a list, using dot points, of the last five cities who hosted the Olympics.",,"The last five cities to host the Olympic Games were: - Tokyo, Japan (2021), - Rio, Brazil (2016), - London, England (2012), - Beijing, China (2008), - Athens, Greece (2004).",brainstorming Why do I have blonde hair?,,"You have blonde hair because of your parent's genes. If your mom and dad both have blonde hair your hair is blonde through a dominant gene. If either your mom or your dad has brown or any other color hair then you got blonde hair through a recessive gene. However, it would be more common for you to have brown hair if both your parents had brown hair.",open_qa "Group these font types based on their style of typefaces: Times New Roman, Monaco, Garamond, Helvetica, Courier, Futura",,"These fonts can be categories as follow; Serif fonts: Times New Roman, Garamond San-serif fonts: Helvetica, Futura Monospaced fonts: Monaco, Courier",classification "From the text, extract the ships commanded by Charles Henry Bromedge Caldwell","Charles Henry Bromedge Caldwell was born in Hingham, Massachusetts on February 24, 1823. He entered the navy as midshipman February 27, 1838, and became lieutenant September 4, 1852. He commanded the USS Vandalia in the US Navy's second Fiji expedition, an 1859 punitive expedition against Waya Island warriors who had cannibalized two American traders. In 1862, he commanded the gun-boat Itasca, of the western gulf blockading squadron, and took part in the bombardment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip. On the night of April 20, his gun-boat, with the Pinola, was sent on an expedition under the command of Fleet-Capt. Bell, to make a passage for the fleet through the chain obstructions near the forts. Lieut. Caldwell and his party boarded one of the hulks that held the chains, and succeeded in detaching the latter, in spite of the heavy fire to which they were subjected. The Itasca was then swept on shore by the current, in full sight of the forts, and it was half an hour before she was afloat again. She was unable to pass the forts with the rest of the fleet, owing to a shot that penetrated her boiler. Lieut. Caldwell was in the action at Grand Gulf, June 9, 1862, and was promoted to commander on July 16. He commanded the iron-clad Essex, of the Mississippi squadron in 1862–63, and took part in the operations at Port Hudson, from March to July 1863, in command of the Essex and the mortar flotilla. He commanded the Glaucus of the North Atlantic blockading squadron from 1863 till 1864, and the R. R. Cuyler, of the same squadron, from 1864 till 1865. He became captain, December 12, 1867, chief of staff of the North Atlantic fleet in 1870, and commodore on June 14, 1874. He died on November 30, 1877.","Vandalia, Itasca, Essex, Glaucus, R. R. Cuyler",information_extraction What are five creative ways to use paper?,,"1. Make origami figures 2. Create 2D or 3D paper art 3. Scrapbooking 4. Create a paper fortune teller game 5. Create paper luminaires",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Clavinet, Ocarina",,"Ocarina is woodwind, Clavinet is string.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Folk harp, Rothphone",,"Rothphone is woodwind, Folk harp is string.",classification Who brews Shiner Bock beer?,"Spoetzl Brewery (originally Shiner Brewing Association) is a brewery located in Shiner, Texas, United States. It produces a diverse line of Shiner beers, including their flagship Shiner Bock, a dark lager that is now distributed throughout the US. The brewery is owned by the Gambrinus Company, a family-owned company based in San Antonio, which also owns Trumer Brewery in Berkeley, California.","Spoetzl Brewery (originally Shiner Brewing Association) is a brewery located in Shiner, Texas, United States. It produces a diverse line of Shiner beers, including their flagship Shiner Bock, a dark lager that is distributed throughout the US.",closed_qa What is Kraft Dinner?,,"Kraft Dinner, also referred to as KD, is a macaroni-and-cheese product by Kraft. It is essentially the same boxed macaroni-and-cheese sold in the United States, but referred to by a different name.",open_qa Tell me about the career of Erik Dekker,"Hendrik ""Erik"" Dekker (born 21 August 1970) is a retired Dutch professional road racing cyclist active from 1992 until 2006. He was a member of the Rabobank cycling team from 1992 till 2006. From 2007 to 2015 he was one of Rabobank's team managers. Cycling career Amateur career Dekker rode his first race at eight, and soon became successful. In 1985 he was invited to join the national selection for juniors. As an amateur, his most important results were second places at the youth world championships in Bergamo in 1987 and at the road race in the 1992 Summer Olympics. In that Olympic road race, Dekker got away at 30 km before the finish, together with Fabio Casartelli and Dainis Ozols. Dekker was outsprinted by Casartelli, but was so happy that he won a medal that he also finished with his arms in the air. Directly after the Olympic Games, he became professional, and rode his first race a few weeks later in the Tour de l'Avenir. Professional career His first win as a professional was a stage of the Tour of the Basque Country of 1994, the year he rode his first Tour de France. In 1997 Dekker won the Ronde van Nederland, but a large part of 1998 was lost because of injuries. The year 2000 was Dekker's best. He won three stages in the 2000 Tour de France, although neither a sprinter nor a favourite for the overall win, and was voted most combative cyclist. In the autumn of that year, Dekker won his first classic, the Clásica de San Sebastián. In 2001 Dekker won the Amstel Gold Race and the UCI Road World Cup. In the 2001 Tour de France he took a stage, after having helped his teammate Marc Wauters to a stage win. At the end of the year he was named Dutch Sportsman of the year. The years 2002 and 2003 were less successful because of injuries. He came back in 2004 in the spring classics and a victory in Paris–Tours. He had announced his retirement for the autumn of 2006, but he crashed heavily in the 2006 Tour de France and decided to stop. Managing career In 2007, Dekker started as team manager of the Rabobank team. At the end of the 2015 season, he left the team.","Hendrik ""Erik"" Dekker (born 21 August 1970) is a retired Dutch professional road racing cyclist active from 1992 until 2006. He was a member of the Rabobank cycling team from 1992 till 2006. From 2007 to 2015 he was one of Rabobank's team managers. Cycling career Amateur career Dekker rode his first race at eight, and soon became successful. In 1985 he was invited to join the national selection for juniors. As an amateur, his most important results were second places at the youth world championships in Bergamo in 1987 and at the road race in the 1992 Summer Olympics. In that Olympic road race, Dekker got away at 30 km before the finish, together with Fabio Casartelli and Dainis Ozols. Dekker was outsprinted by Casartelli, but was so happy that he won a medal that he also finished with his arms in the air. Directly after the Olympic Games, he became professional, and rode his first race a few weeks later in the Tour de l'Avenir. Professional career His first win as a professional was a stage of the Tour of the Basque Country of 1994, the year he rode his first Tour de France. In 1997 Dekker won the Ronde van Nederland, but a large part of 1998 was lost because of injuries. The year 2000 was Dekker's best. He won three stages in the 2000 Tour de France, although neither a sprinter nor a favourite for the overall win, and was voted most combative cyclist. In the autumn of that year, Dekker won his first classic, the Clásica de San Sebastián. In 2001 Dekker won the Amstel Gold Race and the UCI Road World Cup. In the 2001 Tour de France he took a stage, after having helped his teammate Marc Wauters to a stage win. At the end of the year he was named Dutch Sportsman of the year. The years 2002 and 2003 were less successful because of injuries. He came back in 2004 in the spring classics and a victory in Paris–Tours. He had announced his retirement for the autumn of 2006, but he crashed heavily in the 2006 Tour de France and decided to stop. Managing career In 2007, Dekker started as team manager of the Rabobank team. At the end of the 2015 season, he left the team.",closed_qa What are the different methods to open a pomegranate?,,"1 - Vertical cutting: roll the pomegranate over the surface of the cutting board to loosen the seeds; position it in the middle; cut the top (flower) and pop it off; slice it in half vertically along the ridges; cut each of the ridges to create 5 slices and then tear it apart to remove the seeds. 2 - Submerging it in water to remove the seeds: fill a large bowl with cool water; make a shallow cut down the side and use your thumbs to tear it into 2 halves then place them in the water and use your fingers to nudge the seeds free and finally strain the seeds into a bowl. 3 - Removing seeds with a wooden spoon: make a shallow horizontal slice in the middle and tear it into 2 halves; for each half place it seeds side down over a bowl and hit the skin with a wooden spoon for seeds to fall out.",brainstorming "Classify which item is a fake color out of this set: blue, green, sheep, red, orange",,A sheep is not a color,classification "Given a reference text about the Bakersfield Majestics, where did the team play its games?","The Bakersfield Majestics, formerly the Bakersfield Magic, are an American basketball team based in Bakersfield, California, and members in the minor professional The Basketball League (TBL). Starting The Franchise From 2006 to 2016, Bakersfield, California, was home to the Bakersfield Jam of the NBA Development League. The team played at Rabobank Arena until 2009 and later at the Jam Events Center. On May 9, 2014, the Jam entered a hybrid affiliation with the Phoenix Suns, giving the Suns exclusive affiliation with the team while allowing the Jam to operate under their own management. On April 12, 2016, the Suns announced that the organization had purchased the Jam and were relocating the franchise to the town of Prescott Valley, Arizona, for the 2016–17 season to become the Northern Arizona Suns. In response, the previous owners of the Jam franchise, Stan Ellis and David Higdon, announced that they had been working with the D-League in securing a new franchise and affiliation before the 2016–17 season, although it did not come to fruition. In June 2021, it was first reported by KGET-TV that Bakersfield would host the Bakersfield Magic in The Basketball League for the 2022 season. On August 5, 2021, it was announced that Spencer Norman, previously announced as the team market owner for the Fresno Fire, would be the team market owner. Karaya Gage was initially announced as the team's first head coach, making her the first African-American woman to serve as Head Coach of a men's professional basketball team. However, after coaching the team during a pre-season exhibition against members of the Bakersfield Police Department on January 29, 2022, Gage quietly left the organization. The team then announced that Peter Pang would serve as the new Head Coach, becoming the first Chinese-American to coach a professional basketball team in the United States. Lawrence ""Doc"" Holliday was the team's initial General Manager. However, the team had announced on March 22, 2022, that Holliday had died. On April 1, 2022, The Bakersfield Magic announced that L. Dee Slade would take over as the new General Manager of the team.","The Bakersfield Majestics played its games at Rabobank Arena until 2009 and then the Jam Events Center in Bakersfield, California.",closed_qa Give me a method to poach chicken,,"Boneless, skinless chicken breasts Chicken stock 1. Place the chicken in a sauce pan on a stove top 2. Add cold chicken stock to the pan so it covers the chicken breast 3. Turn the heat to medium and let the stock come to a gentle boil 4. When the water starts to boil, turn the chicken breast and remove pan from heat 5. Cover pan tightly 6. Check the temperature of the chicken and ensure it reaches 155 F 7. Voila! You are done - slice the chicken and toss it into your favorite salad!",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Dayereh, kumuz",,"kumuz is string, Dayereh is percussion.",classification "From this paragraph, find out who built the Panama Canal","The Panama Canal is an artificial 82 km (51 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and South America. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduces the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan. Colombia, France, and later the United States controlled the territory surrounding the canal during construction. France began work on the canal in 1881, but stopped because of lack of investors' confidence due to engineering problems and a high worker mortality rate. The United States took over the project on May 4, 1904, and opened the canal on August 15, 1914. The US continued to control the canal and surrounding Panama Canal Zone until the 1977 Torrijos–Carter Treaties provided for its handover to Panama. After a period of joint American–Panamanian control, the canal was taken over by the Panamanian government in 1999. It is now managed and operated by the government-owned Panama Canal Authority. Canal locks at each end lift ships up to Gatun Lake, an artificial lake 26 meters (85 ft) above sea level, created to reduce the amount of excavation work required for the canal, and then lower the ships at the other end. The original locks are 33.5 meters (110 ft) wide. A third, wider lane of locks was constructed between September 2007 and May 2016. The expanded waterway began commercial operation on June 26, 2016. The new locks allow transit of larger, New Panamax ships. Annual traffic has risen from about 1,000 ships in 1914, when the canal opened, to 14,702 vessels in 2008, for a total of 333.7 million Panama Canal/Universal Measurement System (PC/UMS) tons. By 2012, more than 815,000 vessels had passed through the canal. In 2017 it took ships an average of 11.38 hours to pass between the canal's two locks. The American Society of Civil Engineers has ranked the Panama Canal one of the seven wonders of the modern world.","France began work on the Panama canal in 1881, but stopped because of lack of investors' confidence due to engineering problems and a high worker mortality rate. The United States took over the project on May 4, 1904, and opened the canal on August 15, 1914.",information_extraction "Write a beautiful bedtime 5 paragraph story for a 4 years old. The outline of the story is: a small boy, named Jonny goes on an adventure with his family.",,"On a sunny morning Jonny wake up excited. Today is the first day of spring break and Jonny's family will be going on a road trip! Daddy packs the car, while Mommy makes sandwiches for the trip. Jonny and his sister Kayla can't wait for the adventure. They are going to their favorite camping spot that's next to a lake. Jonny asks Kayla: - Do you think the lake is going to be warm enough for swimming? - I hope so - replies Kayla, as they are both packing their swimsuits. During the car ride Jonny watches the other cars passing by, his favorite was the concrete mixer. He loves construction vehicles. By lunchtime they arrive, Jonny and Kayla run straight to the lake and happily recognize that other kids are swimming too. - Hurray, the lake is warm! Dad can we go swimming? - asks Jonny Jonny, Kayla, Dad and Mom go for quick swim in the lake before lunch, then the set up their tent for the night. - This will be the most amazing spring camping adventure! - says Jonny to his sister.",creative_writing Who is the haas formula 1 team principal?,,The current team principal of the Moneygram Haas F1 team is Geunther Steiner,classification When was the wheel invented?,,"No one knows when the wheel was first made. Archaeological evidence seems to show that the wheel was first used to make pottery in Mesopotamia about 7,000 years ago, during the Neolithic period. Later, it was used to make chariots. Chariot wheels have been found in Sumer as early as 3000 BC. The wheel is one of the most important inventions in human history. It was very useful for making pottery and getting around on land. It is also a key part of machines.",open_qa Extract the celebrity guests that appeared on the show Parks and Recreation.,"Numerous actors have made recurring guest appearances throughout the series, including Pamela Reed as Leslie's mother and fellow politician Marlene Griggs-Knope, Ben Schwartz as Tom's fast-talking friend Jean-Ralphio and Jenny Slate as his twin sister Mona-Lisa, Jama Williamson as Tom's ex-wife Wendy, Mo Collins as morning talk show host Joan Callamezzo, Jay Jackson as television broadcaster Perd Hapley, Alison Becker as newspaper reporter Shauna Malwae-Tweep, Darlene Hunt as conservative activist Marcia Langman, and Andy Forrest as Andy's frequent shoeshine customer Kyle. Megan Mullally, the real-life wife of Nick Offerman, portrayed Ron's ex-wife Tammy in the second season's ""Ron and Tammy"", a role she reprised in later episodes. Lucy Lawless and Jon Glaser have recurring roles in the fifth and sixth seasons as Ron's love interest and later wife Diane Lewis, and as Leslie's arch enemy on the city council Jeremy Jamm, respectively. Mullally's performance was well received, which made the Parks and Recreation producers feel more comfortable about using celebrity guest actors in later episodes. Other such celebrity guests included: Blake Anderson, Fred Armisen, Will Arnett, Kristen Bell, H. Jon Benjamin, Matt Besser, Chris Bosh, Louis C.K., The Decemberists, Sam Elliott, Will Forte, Ginuwine, Michael Gross, Jon Hamm, Nick Kroll, John Larroquette, Andrew Luck, Letters to Cleo, Natalie Morales, Parker Posey, Kathryn Hahn, Andy Samberg, J. K. Simmons, Roy Hibbert, Detlef Schrempf, Justin Theroux, Wilco, Henry Winkler, Peter Serafinowicz and Yo La Tengo. Paul Rudd appeared in several season four episodes as Bobby Newport, Leslie's opponent in the City Council race, and returned for two episodes in the final season.","Pamela Reed, Ben Schwartz, Jenny Slate, Jama Williamson, Mo Collins, Jay Jackson, Alison Becker, Darlene Hunt, Andy Forrest, Megan Mullally, Lucy Lawless, Jon Glaser, Blake Anderson, Fred Armisen, Will Arnett, Kristen Bell, H. Jon Benjamin, Matt Besser, Chris Bosh, Louis C.K., The Decemberists, Sam Elliott, Will Forte, Ginuwine, Michael Gross, Jon Hamm, Nick Kroll, John Larroquette, Andrew Luck, Letters to Cleo,Natalie Morales, Parker Posey, Kathryn Hahn, Andy Samberg, J. K. Simmons, Roy Hibbert, Detlef Schrempf, Justin Theroux, Wilco, Henry Winkler, Peter Serafinowicz, Yo La Tengo, Paul Rudd",information_extraction Think of a bunch of different ways you could lift weights at home without any dumbbells or gym equipment.,,"1. Bodyweight training: Bodyweight training (calisthenics) is the easiest way to train at home without any gym equipment. It can help you build muscle mass and increase your strength. 2. Backpack: You can fill a backpack with books or other heavy things at home and use it instead of weights. 3. Plastic bottles: fill plastic bottles with water and duck tape them together. With a box of 6 x 2 L plastic bottles fully filled with water, you will have 12 KG of weights.",brainstorming What are the different swimming styles? Which one is the fastest and which one the slowest?,,"There are four main different swimming styles in competitive swimming. These are backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and crawl. Crawl is the fastest style, while breaststroke is considered to be the slowest.",open_qa Show me the current P4P boxer ratings in the world,,"Here's a list of P4P boxing rankings as of March 23 1 Saul Alvarez 2 Dmitrii Bivol 3 Terence Crawford 4 Naoya Inoue 5 Gennadiy Golovkin 6 Shakur Stevenson 7 Errol Spence Jr 8 Stephen Fulton 9 Brandon Figueroa 10 Tyson Fury",brainstorming What is the best way to earn money on the side?,,"Sell your unused belongings. Buy, refurbish and then sell other peoples' belongings for a profit. Tutor primary school students as the curriculum should be fairly straightforward and the main value-add is being present to guide children on school subjects or on homework. Turn your hobby into a business. Start your own website or blog and earn money through selling advertising on your website or blog. If you are a dog owner, start a dog walking business.",brainstorming "I follow you all the time and copy your every move, but you can’t touch me or catch me. What am I?",,I am your shadow.,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Sakara, Cavaquinho",,"Cavaquinho is string, Sakara is percussion.",classification Give me some examples of Cockney Rhyming Slang and help me understand how it works.,,"Cockney rhyming slang is a slang language originating from the East End in London, United Kingdom. It has a simple structure where a rhyming word or phrase is used in substitution of the word's true meaning. Examples: Apples and pears = stairs Adam and Eve = believe Barnaby Rudge = judge Bees and Honey = money Dog and Bone = Phone Hank Marvin = starving Lady Godiva = fiver",open_qa "Classify the eight planets of Earth's solar system as rocky or gaseous, according to their primary composition.",,"Mercury - rocky Veuns - rocky Earth - rocky Mars - rocky Jupiter - gaseous Saturn - gaseous Uranus - gaseous Neptune - gaseous",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tsuzumi, Auto-harp",,"Auto-harp is string, Tsuzumi is percussion.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tassa, Sitar",,"Sitar is string, Tassa is percussion.",classification When in the year 44 BC was Julius Caesar killed?,,Caesar was killed on the Ides of March in 44 BC,open_qa Name the top 10 Manchester United Scorers of all time and how many goals they scored?,,"1) Wayne Rooney - 253 goals 2) Bobby Charlton- 249 goals 3) Denis Law- 227 goals 4) Jack Rowley- 211 goals 5) Dennis Viollet- 179 goals 6) George Best - 179 goals 7) Joe Spence- 168 goals 8) Ryan Giggs -168 goals 9) Mark Hughes - 163 goals 10) Paul Scholes - 155 goals",brainstorming Where in the US are the most renowned Pinot Noir wines produced?,,Oregon's Willamette Valley is known for producing award-winning Pinot Noir wine.,open_qa "Which of the following are either characters that appear in books by George R.R. Martin or Robert Jordan: Tyrion Lannister, Brienne of Tarth, Sandor Clegane, Rhaegar Targaryen, Robert Baratheon, Aviendha, Siuan Sanche, Perrin Aybara, Padan Fain, Rand al'Thor",,"Characters in George R.R. Martin books: Tyrion Lannister, Brienne of Tarth, Sandor Clegane, Rhaegar Targaryen Characters in Robert Jordan books: Aviendha, Siuan Sanche, Perrin Aybara, Padan Fain, Rand al'Thor",classification "Given this paragraph about magnesium, what is the melting point of magnesium in celsius?","Elemental magnesium is a gray-white lightweight metal, two-thirds the density of aluminium. Magnesium has the lowest melting (923 K (650 °C)) and the lowest boiling point 1,363 K (1,090 °C) of all the alkaline earth metals.",The melting point of magnesium is 650 °C.,closed_qa Please give me a summary of the meaning of a derivative.,"In mathematics, the derivative of a function of a real variable measures the sensitivity to change of the function value (output value) with respect to a change in its argument (input value). Derivatives are a fundamental tool of calculus. For example, the derivative of the position of a moving object with respect to time is the object's velocity: this measures how quickly the position of the object changes when time advances. The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen input value, when it exists, is the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at that point. The tangent line is the best linear approximation of the function near that input value. For this reason, the derivative is often described as the ""instantaneous rate of change"", the ratio of the instantaneous change in the dependent variable to that of the independent variable. Derivatives can be generalized to functions of several real variables. In this generalization, the derivative is reinterpreted as a linear transformation whose graph is (after an appropriate translation) the best linear approximation to the graph of the original function. The Jacobian matrix is the matrix that represents this linear transformation with respect to the basis given by the choice of independent and dependent variables. It can be calculated in terms of the partial derivatives with respect to the independent variables. For a real-valued function of several variables, the Jacobian matrix reduces to the gradient vector. The process of finding a derivative is called differentiation. The reverse process is called antidifferentiation. The fundamental theorem of calculus relates antidifferentiation with integration. Differentiation and integration constitute the two fundamental operations in single-variable calculus.","A derivative is a function that measures the sensitivity to change a functions output based on changes to the input. For example, how quickly the position of an object moves over a defined time period (i.e., the derivative of the position with respect to time) is the object's velocity.",summarization Give me a list of food items that I should prepare for American Thanksgiving.,,"Turkey, cornbread stuffing, mashed potatoes, cranberry sauce, roasted sweet potatoes, wild rice, pumpkin pie, and chocolate pecan pie.",brainstorming What is a snowball?,,"A snowball is a small, ball-shaped collection of compact snow typically used for throwing at other people.",open_qa What does a 9 carat gold mean,,"Pure gold with no additives is knows as 24 carat gold. An item marked as 9 carat gold contains 9/24th (or 37.5 percent) of pure gold and the rest are additives, typically a mix of silver, copper, zinc, etc.",open_qa "Classify which colors are shades or red or purple: Violet, burgundy, lavender, brick, lilac, plum, rust, orchid, maroon, ruby, cardinal, fire-engine",,"Red: Burgundy, brick, rust, maroon, ruby, cardinal, fire-engine Purple: Violet, lavender, lilac, plum, orchid",classification Which are most valuable corporate brands in the world,"The following article lists the most valuable corporate brands in the world according to different estimates by Kantar Group, Interbrand, Brand Finance and Forbes. Factors that influence brand value are sales, market share, market capitalization, awareness of a brand, products, popularity, image, etc. Readers should note that lists like this, while informative, are somewhat subjective, as no single metric exists for determining valuation for brands. Top 10 valuable companies according Kantar 2022 list are Apple Inc, Google Inc, Amazon.com Inc, Microsoft corp, Tencent, McDonald, Visa Inc, Facebook, Alibaba, Louis Vuitton","Kantar group, Interbrand, Brand Finance and Forbes every year release most valuable corporate brands in the world. Top 10 valuable companies according Kantar 2022 list are Apple Inc (US) , Google Inc (US), Amazon.com Inc (US), Microsoft corp (US), Tencent (China), McDonald (US), Visa Inc(US), Facebook (US), Alibaba group (China) and Louis Vuitton (France) Factors that influence brand value are sales, market share, market capitalization, awareness of a brand, products, popularity, image, etc. Readers should note that lists like this, while informative, are somewhat subjective, as no single metric exists for determining valuation for brands.",closed_qa Give me a comma separated list of stone fruit I could buy at the market,,"Plums, Apricots, Peaches, Nectarines, Pluots",brainstorming Can you list some good books written by Indian authors based on Indian mythology?,,"Sure! Below are some books written by Indian authors, based on Indian mythology: 1. The Palace of Illusions by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni 2. Mahabharata and the Marvellous Cycle of Boons, Curses and Vows by H.A.Padmini 3. My Gita by Devdutt Pattanaik 4. Jaya by Devdutt Pattanaik 5. The Forest of Enchantments by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni Hope that was helpful! Happy reading.",brainstorming What is a Profit and loss account in finance?,,"A profit and loss account shows the money a business has earned from selling goods and services, less the money spent on goods, services and overheads.",open_qa Who was the president of China before Xi?,,It's Jingtao Hu. He was the president of China from 2003 to 2013.,open_qa What is the best way to define a data&AI strategy?,,"Translate your business and digital strategy into your data and AI vision and strategy highlighting the biggest opportunity areas optimizing your current business as well as new innovative businesses utilizing AI and data. Identify the business processes (product development, production, sales & marketing, supply chain, pricing, HR, finance, etc.) where you want to use data and AI. Understand the current state of your data and AI capabilities. Describe the target state for your business processes once data and AI capabilities have been deployed. Define new data-driven business and product ideas. Define your execution roadmap, including investments. Execute the first data and AI use cases by creating your AI playbook, aiming at production readiness. Automate and scale up operations",brainstorming "Given this paragraph about Outlander, who stars in Outlander?","Outlander is a historical drama television series based on the Outlander novel series by Diana Gabaldon. Developed by Ronald D. Moore, the show premiered on August 9, 2014, on Starz. It stars Caitríona Balfe as Claire Randall, a former Second World War military nurse in Scotland who, in 1945, finds herself transported back in time to 1743. There she encounters, falls in love with and marries a dashing Highland warrior named Jamie Fraser (Sam Heughan), a tacksman of Gabaldon's fictionalized version of Clan Fraser of Lovat. Here, Claire becomes embroiled in the Jacobite rising.","Outlander stars Caitriona Balfe (as Claire Randall). Her co-start is Sam Heughan (as Jamie Fraser). It is a Starz TV Series portraying star crossed lovers who meet across time. Claire travels from 1945, back in time to 1743 and encounters: adventure, mystery, and political intrigue of the Jacobite uprising; all the time growing closer and closer to her true love Jamie Fraser. The 2014 (to present) show is based on the Outlander book series written by Diana Gabaldon, originally published in the 1990's.",closed_qa What is the best club soccer team in Spain?,,Real Madrid,open_qa "Classify the below places based on the country they belong to. New Jersey, New York, Kolkata, New Delhi, Ohio, Oklahoma",,"New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma - USA Kolkata, New Delhi - India",classification "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Guinea pig, Common",,"Common is wild, Guinea pig is domesticated",classification "Identify which of these episodes appear in Season 5 or Season 6 of The X-Files: The Pine Bluff Variant, Bad Blood, Detour, Emily, Christmas Carol, The End, Dreamland, Triangle, Drive, The Beginning, S.R. 819, Field Trip",,"Season 5: The Pine Bluff Variant, Bad Blood, Detour, Emily, Christmas Carol, The End Season 6: Dreamland, Triangle, Drive, The Beginning, S.R. 819, Field Trip",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Udu, Bulbul tarang",,"Bulbul tarang is string, Udu is percussion.",classification What are a some nicknames for the name William?,,"Will, Bill, Billy, Willy",brainstorming Name some popular American wine brands.,,"Josh, E&J Gallo, Justin, Chateau Ste. Michelle, Little Penguin, Franzia, Sutter Home",open_qa Name the largest cities in Canada,,"The largest cities in Canada by population are Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Toronto has a population of 5.6 million, Montreal has a population of 3.6 million and Vancouver has a population of 2.4 million.",open_qa Who is Jon Snow's biological parents?,,"While the answer has yet to be officially acknowledged in the ""A Song of Ice and Fire"" series, the ""Game of Thrones"" television show, which is based on the book series, revealed that Jon Snow is the son of the late Rhaegar Targaryen and Lyanna Stark.",open_qa "Tell me whether the following are public or private universities in the United States: Harvard University, University of Florida, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Cornell University, Amherst College, Colby College, and the University of Michigan Ann Arbor.",,"Harvard University, Cornell University, Amherst College, and Colby College are private universities. The rest of the schools you mentioned are public universities.",classification "Which of the following are considered hobbies: painting, hiking, rock climbing, peapod, bears, horse riding, chess, emails, clogs, board games, button, sewing, water bottle, keyboard, reading, soccer",,"painting, hiking, rock climbing, horse riding, chess, board games, reading, soccer",classification "Classify the following habits as healthy or unhealthy. 1) Smoke 2) Exercise 3) Take Breaks 4) Drink Alcohol",,Smoking and drinking alcohol can be very dangerous to your health so it is a good example of unhealthy habits. Exercise and take breaks during the day can be considered healthy to your body.,classification "Classify the cities based on whether they are located in India or Syria. Kolkāta, Mumbai, Aleppo, Delhi, Homs, Damascus",,"India - Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkāta Syria - Aleppo, Damascus, Homs",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Washboard, Schrammel gitarre",,"Schrammel gitarre is string, Washboard is percussion.",classification Give me a checklist of 5 items of furniture I should buy for my new living room,,"- Couch - Coffee Table - Side table - Lamp - TV stand",brainstorming List some of the best surf breaks in California,,"Trestles ""Uppers"" Lowers"" ""Middles"", Cottons, Blacks, Rincon, Malibu, Mavericks, Huntington Pier, Lunada Bay, San Onofre, T-Street, Hollister Ranch, Santa Cruz, Point Dume, Swamis, Windandsea, Salt Creek, Killer Dana (before Dana Point Harbor was built)",brainstorming "Did Billy Corgan really play all of the instruments on Smashing Pumpkin's 1993 album ""Siamese Dream""?","Corgan's desire for musical perfection put further strain on the already-frayed relationships between the band members. Vig later recalled, ""D'arcy would lock herself in the bathroom, James wouldn't say anything, or Billy would lock himself in the control room"". Corgan often overdubbed Iha's and Wretzky's parts with his own playing. Wretzky stated that Corgan only performed most of the guitar and bass parts because he could lay them down more easily in recording and with far fewer takes. Stories of the album's recording had circulated in the music press. Corgan admitted there was some truth to accusations of tyrannical behavior, though he felt the press misunderstood the situation. While Chamberlin performed all drum parts on the album, he would disappear for days on drug benders that caused everyone to fear for his life. After one incident where the drummer had disappeared for two or three days, Corgan ""put the hammer down"", according to Vig, and had Chamberlin perform the drum part for ""Cherub Rock"" until his hands bled. Due to Corgan's urging, Chamberlin checked into a rehab clinic. Corgan told Spin later that year, ""You know, I gave them a year and a half to prepare for this record... I'm surrounded by these people who I care about very much, yet they continue to keep failing me."" Corgan explained that he began to take the actions of others personally; he said, ""If you really think about it, of course, someone doesn't do the job because they're lazy, or they don't think it's important. But I took it as, 'You're not worth going home and working on the song.'""","No. Jimmy Chamberlin recorded all of the drum parts. However, Billy Corgan often overdubbed the guitar and bass parts with his own playing.",closed_qa Where is Sugarloaf mountain located?,,"The Sugarloaf mountain, Pão de Açúcar in Portuguese, is located at the entrance of the Guanabara bay in the city of Rio de Janeiro, capital of the Rio de Janeiro state in Brazil.",open_qa "Imagine you are getting married and are attending a wedding cake tasting. Describe five different flavors you try, with combinations of both cake and frosting for each tasting. Pick one best flavor at the end of the five tastings.",,"The first flavor I try is vanilla cake with a buttercream frosting. The cake is good, but too plain and basic. Next we try a vanilla cake with a chai frosting, and I like it a lot more, since I love spice. Although I do worry that the vanilla cake might be a bit plain. A third option is a dark chocolate cake with a cherry and chocolate ganache filling, which is very rich and moist, which I appreciate. Fourth we try a lemon drizzle cake, which is nice but I'm not sure the right choice for the rest of our menu. And for our final flavor we try a matcha cake with white chocolate frosting, which has a very nice cake but I think the frosting is too sweet. Finally, I decide to pick the chocolate and cherry combination because I think it had the best cake and frosting combination.",creative_writing "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Catalan shawm, Tres",,"Tres is string, Catalan shawm is woodwind.",classification How many syllables are in the word cat?,,The word cat has only one syllable.,open_qa What are some of the languages spoken in Spain?,,"Most languages spoken in Spain belong to the Romance language family, of which Spanish is the only language which has the ""official"" status for the whole country. There are other languages that have recognized status in specific territories such as: Basque in the Basque Country, Catalan spoken in Catalonia, Valencian in the Valencian community and Gallician the adjancent western parts of the principality of Asturias.",open_qa "Imagine you are planning a menu for Thanksgiving Dinner. Build out a meal with two main dishes, four side dishes and two desserts. I have an aunt with Celiac disease who is vegetarian, so make sure there are options for vegetarians and people with celiac disease in each course, and explain what my aunt can eat in each part of the meal",,"Main dishes: Turkey and Grilled Tofu Side Dishes: Mashed Potatoes, Bread Rolls, Green Beans, Cranberry Sauce Dessert: Pumpkin Pie, Vanilla Ice Cream Your aunt can eat Grilled Tofu for the main, mashed potatoes, green beans and cranberry sauce for her side dishes and vanilla ice cream for dessert. All of these items are both vegetarian and gluten free, which is necessary for people with celiac disease.",creative_writing "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Gandingan, Psaltery",,"Psaltery is string, Gandingan is percussion.",classification "Which ones are programming languages, out of C, Java, Node.js, Python, HTML, BigData, Spark?",,"Well, C, Java and Python are programming languages. While HTML is a language, it is a markup language and not a programming language. Node.js is actually a framework built on top of Javascript, so it can't be classified as a language. BigData is a broader term used for storing, processing and usage of large amounts of data. Spark is one of the most popular distributed data processing frameworks. Spark can be used from multiple languages.",classification What is the difference between a frog and a toad?,,Frogs generally have smooth moist skin while Toads generally have bumpy dry skin.,open_qa "What are five totally distinct, creative ways to describe the usefulness of an idle mind?",,"1. An idle mind is like a garden waiting to be planted with the seeds of creative ideas. 2. An idle mind is like a blank canvas waiting to be filled with fresh and original thoughts. 3. An idle mind is like a time machine that can transport us to a different world of possibilities. 4. An idle mind is like a treasure chest full of hidden riches waiting to be unearthed. 5. An idle mind is like a garden hose that can irrigate us with ideas and solutions.",brainstorming Is Castle Island really an Island?,"Castle Island is a peninsula in South Boston on the shore of Boston Harbor. In 1928, Castle Island was connected to the mainland by a narrow strip of land and is thus no longer an island. It has been the site of a fortification since 1634, and is currently a 22-acre (8.9 ha) recreation site and the location of Fort Independence.","No, Castle Island is a peninsula off Boston Harbor as of 1928, when it was connected to the Massachusetts mainland. It is a recreation area that is the site of Fort Independence.",information_extraction "Determine the company which produces the following automotive brands: Chevrolet, GMC, Dodge, Lexus, Buick, Cadillac, Pontiac, Acura, Lincoln, and Jeep.",,"Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac, and Buick are all brands of General Motors. Pontiac was also a brand of General Motors, but it was phased out in 2010. Lincoln, Jeep, and Dodge are Stellantis brands. Lexus and Acura is the luxury brands of Toyota and Honda respectively.",classification Give me a list of the teams that have won the English Premier League,,"- Manchester United (13 times, most recently 2012-13) - Blackburn Rovers (Once, 1994-95) - Arsenal (Three times, most recently 2003-04) - Chelsea (Five times, most recently 2016-17) - Manchester City (Six times, most recently 2021-22) - Leicester City (Once, 2015-16) - Liverpool (Once, 2019-20)",brainstorming Give me a sample of three of Australian Animals.,,"Kangaroo, Koala and Emu are three well known Australian Animals.",brainstorming How many total fingers do most humans have?,,Most humans have 10 total fingers,open_qa why pluto is not a planet?,,"The IAU (International Astronomical Union) terms a an object in a solar system as planet if it meets following 3 criteria: 1) The object must orbit around the Sun. 2) The object must have sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape). 3) The object have cleared the neighborhood around its orbit. Pluto meets the first 2 criteria but fails to meet the third. Hence, Pluto has been categorized as a dwarf planet.",open_qa Which president was 1st to win a Nobel prize.,,Theodore Roosevelt was the 1st president to win a Nobel Peace Prize. Roosevelt won the prize for helping negotiate an end to the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-1905.,brainstorming "Based on the reference text, what were the main countries and alliances of World War II?","World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in history; it resulted in an estimated 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, massacres, and disease. In the wake of the Axis defeat, Germany and Japan were occupied, and war crimes tribunals were conducted against German and Japanese leaders. The causes of World War II are debated, but contributing factors included the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Spanish Civil War, Second Sino-Japanese War, Soviet–Japanese border conflicts, the rise of fascism in Europe, and European tensions in the aftermath of World War I. World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. The United Kingdom and France subsequently declared war on Germany on 3 September. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union had partitioned Poland and marked out their ""spheres of influence"" across Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, in a military alliance with Italy, Japan and other countries called the Axis. Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africa, and the fall of France in mid-1940, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire, with war in the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain, the Blitz of the United Kingdom, and the Battle of the Atlantic. On 22 June 1941, Germany led the European Axis powers in an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the Eastern Front, the largest land theatre of war in history. Japan, which aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific, was at war with the Republic of China by 1937. In December 1941, Japan attacked American and British territories with near-simultaneous offensives against Southeast Asia and the Central Pacific, including an attack on the US fleet at Pearl Harbor which resulted in the United States and United Kingdom declaring war against Japan. The European Axis powers declared war on the United States in solidarity. Japan soon captured much of the western Pacific, but its advances were halted in 1942 after losing the critical Battle of Midway; later, Germany and Italy were defeated in North Africa and at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union. Key setbacks in 1943—including a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front, the Allied invasions of Sicily and the Italian mainland, and Allied offensives in the Pacific—cost the Axis powers their initiative and forced them into strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained its territorial losses and pushed Germany and its allies back. During 1944 and 1945, Japan suffered reversals in mainland Asia, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key western Pacific islands. The war in Europe concluded with the liberation of German-occupied territories and the invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union, culminating in the Fall of Berlin to Soviet troops, Hitler's suicide, and the German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. Following the refusal of Japan to surrender on the terms of the Potsdam Declaration (issued 26 July 1945), the United States dropped the first atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima on 6 August and Nagasaki on 9 August. Faced with an imminent invasion of the Japanese archipelago, the possibility of additional atomic bombings, and the Soviet Union's declared entry into the war against Japan on the eve of invading Manchuria, Japan announced on 10 August its intention to surrender, signing a surrender document on 2 September 1945. World War II changed the political alignment and social structure of the globe and set the foundation for the international order of the world's nations during the Cold War and into present day. The United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts, with the victorious great powers—China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States—becoming the permanent members of its Security Council. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the nearly half-century-long Cold War. In the wake of European devastation, the influence of its great powers waned, triggering the decolonisation of Africa and Asia. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery and expansion. Political and economic integration, especially in Europe, began as an effort to forestall future hostilities, end pre-war enmities, and forge a sense of common identity.","The main countries involved in World War II were Germany, Japan, Italy, United Kingdom, United States, Soviet Union, and China and there were divided into two opposing alliances called the Allies and the Axis. The Axis alliance was composed of Germany, Japan, and Italy while the Allies alliance was composed of the United Kingdom, United States, Soviet Union, and China.",summarization "Give a bulleted list of the amount of money the film ""Everything Everywhere All at Once"" earned outside of the US in the format {country}-{money earned in millions in USD}","Outside of the United States, other top-earning territories as of July 31 were the United Kingdom ($6.2 million), Canada ($5.1 million), Australia ($4.5 million), Russia ($2.4 million), Taiwan ($2.3 million), Mexico ($2 million), Hong Kong ($1.7 million), Germany ($1.5 million), and the Netherlands ($1.1 million).","United Kingdom-$6.2 Canada-$5.1 Australia-$4.5 Russia-$2.4 Taiwan-$2.4 Mexico-$2 Hong Kong-$1.7 Germany-$1.5 Netherlands-$1.1",information_extraction "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Balaban, Lute",,"Lute is string, Balaban is woodwind.",classification What are some good date ideas for vegans?,,"Tour an animal rescue, dine at a local vegan restaurant, visit the art museum, explore a botanical garden, plant-based picnic in the park",brainstorming When was scala created?,,Scala was created in 2001 by Martin Odersky.,open_qa What’s your favorite way to spend a day off?,,"My favorite way to spend a day off is to spend it with my family and friends. I love to take long walks with my dog, go for bike rides, and spend time outdoors with my family. I also love to read, write, and catch up on my favorite shows.",brainstorming "Given a reference text that provides the geographical description of continent Asia, how many Asian countries have a part of their land in Europe as well?","Asia is the largest continent on Earth. It covers 9% of the Earth's total surface area (or 30% of its land area), and has the longest coastline, at 62,800 kilometres (39,022 mi). Asia is generally defined as comprising the eastern four-fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the east of the Suez Canal and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains (or the Kuma–Manych Depression) and the Caspian and Black Seas. It is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. Asia is subdivided into 49 countries, five of them (Georgia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey) are transcontinental countries lying partly in Europe. Geographically, Russia is partly in Asia, but is considered a European nation, both culturally and politically.",5,closed_qa How do I make a traditional Bolognese sauce?,,"Bolognese sauce, sometimes called Bolognese Ragu has many variations, so I will provide the most common method. Dice one brown onion and then sauté in 25g of butter and 4 tablespoons of olive oil. Once the onions start to colour add 35 grams of diced pancetta and let the fat render. Add a mix of 1 chopped carrot, 1 chopped celery stick and 1 diced clove of garlic, stirring for 3-4 minutes. Add 500g of ground beef, seasoning the beef with salt and pepper. Next evaporate 1 cup of red wine, making sure the mixture reduces. Then evaporate 3/4 of a cup of fresh milk, also reducing the mixture. Add 4 chopped and peeled fresh tomatoes, 1 bay leaf and 1/4 tsp of chopped fresh thyme leaves and then simmer the sauce on low to medium heat for 1 and a half to two hours. Season again before serving with pasta.",open_qa What is the distance between the bases in professional baseball?,,Each base is separated by 90 feet in professional baseball.,open_qa "Which US city is known to be the bachelorette party center of the country, besides Las Vegas?",,"Nashville, TN",open_qa What is the best tv series in the world,,Dexter- The Dexter is so exciting to watch that it should be the best TV series in the world,brainstorming "List the ten episode titles from the third season of ""Game of Thrones"" in broadcast order.",,"Valar Dohaeris, Dark Wings, Dark Words, Walk of Punishment, And Now His Watch Is Ended, Kiss by Fire, The Climb, The Bear and the Maiden Fair, Second Sons, The Rains of Castamere, Mhysa",open_qa What is the largest lake in the united states?,,Lake Superior,open_qa How many species of Stingrays are there?,"Stingrays are a group of sea rays, which are cartilaginous fish related to sharks. They are classified in the suborder Myliobatoidei of the order Myliobatiformes and consist of eight families: Hexatrygonidae (sixgill stingray), Plesiobatidae (deepwater stingray), Urolophidae (stingarees), Urotrygonidae (round rays), Dasyatidae (whiptail stingrays), Potamotrygonidae (river stingrays), Gymnuridae (butterfly rays) and Myliobatidae (eagle rays). There are about 220 known stingray species organized into 29 genera.",There are about 220 known stingray species organized into 29 genera.,closed_qa What is the difference between medicare and medicaid?,,"Medicare and medicaid are government-run health insurance programs designed to provide health care coverage for different qualifying groups. Medicare is a federal program that provides healthcare coverage for people 65 years of age or older. It can also provide coverage for people under 65 years old if they have a qualifying disability. There are no income limits in order to qualify for medicare. Medicaid is a state and federal program that provides health insurance for people with low income and assets. Individual states establish financial eligibility guidelines to determine who is eligible for coverage. It's possible to enroll in medicare and medicaid at the same time if all qualifications are met for both programs.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ainu fiddle, Apito",,"Apito is percussion, Ainu fiddle is string.",classification Why did the chicken cross the road?,,To get to the other side.,brainstorming How did 'March Madness' get its name?,,"""March Madness"" was originally coined after a high school basketball tournament in Illinois dating back to 1908. Henry V. Porter wrote an essay titled ""March Madness"" in the Illinois Interscholastic in 1939 to commemorate the tournament. Other media outlets embraced the term as the tournament continued to sell out and thrive for decades. Brent Musburger, a former sportswriter from Chicago, brought the term ""March Madness"" to the NCAA tournament when covering the event for CBS in 1982. The phrase became synonymous with the tournament ever since. In 2010, the NCAA made it official and paid IHSA (The Illinois High School Association) $17.2M for the rights to the phrase, and began using the trademark in marketing materials, logos and other branding material. While only used for the men's tournament for decades, the NCAA only began using the phrase ""March Madness"" for the women's tournament in 2022.",open_qa How to evaluate an equation with multiple operations?,,"Use PEMDAS (Parantheses, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition and Substraction) as the order in which calculations are performed",open_qa What are the primary causes of obesity in the US?,,"Causes vary in the United States, from overeating to genetics and dietary choices, such as eating heavy caloric foods and consuming higher than the recommended 2,500 Calories per day. Also influenced by a lack of physical activity, causing higher body fat. Obesity and being overweight are among the leading causes of heart disease in the US.",open_qa "Tell me whether these animals are herbivores or carnivores: deer, rabbits, cows, elephants, lions, wolves, polar bears, cheetahs",,"Deer are herbivores. Rabbits are herbivores. Cows are herbivores. Elephants are herbivores. Lions are carnivores. Wolves are carnivores. Polar bears are carnivores. Cheetahs are carnivores.",classification What is the first name of the man Evershed crater was named after?,"Evershed is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon, named after the English solar astronomer John Evershed. It is located to the northeast of the larger crater Cockcroft, and to the north of the smaller Van den Bergh.",John,information_extraction "Which of the following are noble gases: helium, sodium, neon, oxygen, argon, hydrogen, calcium, magnesium, lithium, boron, krypton, nitrogen, xenon, aluminium, radon.",,"The noble gases are - helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon.",classification What are three most commonly sung lyric soprano arias?,,"Three most commonly sung lyric soprano arias? - ""Quando m'en vo"" from La Boheme by Puccini - ""O mio babbino caro"" from Gianni Schicchi by Puccini - ""Deh! vieni non tardar"" from Le Nozze di Figaro by Mozart",brainstorming "Tell me whether the following politicians are associated with California or Florida: Kamala Harris, Nancy Pelosi, Ron DeSantis, Marco Rubio, Charlie Christ, Diane Feinstein, Gavin Newsom",,"Kamala Harris: California Nancy Pelosi: California Ron DeSantis: Florida Marco Rubio: Florida Charlie Christ: Florida Diane Feinstein: California Gavin Newsom: California",classification What is the origin of ethnology?,"Sociocultural anthropology/ethnology: This field can trace its roots to processes of European colonization and globalization, when European trade with other parts of the world and eventual political control of overseas territories offered scholars access to different cultures. Anthropology was the scientific discipline that searches to understand human diversity, both culturally and biologically. Originally anthropology focused on understanding groups of people then considered ""primitive"" or ""simple"" whereas sociology focused on modern urban societies in Europe and North America although more recently cultural anthropology looks at all cultures around the world, including those in developed countries. Over the years, sociocultural anthropology has influenced other disciplines like urban studies, gender studies, ethnic studies and has developed a number of sub-disciplines like medical anthropology, political anthropology, environmental anthropology, applied anthropology, psychological anthropology, economic anthropology and others have developed.",Ethnology can trace its roots to European colonization and globalization.,information_extraction "Given a reference text that describes the air travel disruption after the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption, how long was the air travel over Europe disrupted for?","In response to concerns that volcanic ash ejected during the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland would damage aircraft engines, the controlled airspace of many European countries was closed to instrument flight rules traffic, resulting in what at the time was the largest air-traffic shut-down since World War II. The closures caused millions of passengers to be stranded not only in Europe, but across the world. With large parts of European airspace closed to air traffic, many more countries were affected as flights to, from, and over Europe were cancelled. After an initial uninterrupted shutdown over much of northern Europe from 15 to 23 April, airspace was closed intermittently in different parts of Europe in the following weeks, as the path of the ash cloud was tracked. The ash cloud caused further disruptions to air travel operations in Scotland and Ireland on 4 and 5 May and in Spain, Portugal, northern Italy, Austria, and southern Germany on 9 May. Irish and UK airspace closed again on 16 May and reopened on 17 May. The eruption occurred beneath glacial ice. The cold water from the melting ice chilled the lava quickly, causing it to fragment into very small particles of glass (silica) and ash, which were carried into the eruption plume. The extremely fine ash particles and the large volume of steam from the glacial meltwater sent an ash plume hazardous to aircraft rapidly high into the upper atmosphere. The presence and location of the plume depended upon the state of the eruption and the winds. The large amount of glacial meltwater flowing into the eruption vent made this eruption so explosive that it ejected its ash plume directly into the jet stream, which was unusually stable and south-easterly. The ash was then carried over Europe into some of the busiest airspace in the world. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) estimated that the airline industry worldwide would lose €148 million (US$200 million, £130 million) a day during the disruption. IATA stated that the total loss for the airline industry was around US$1.7 billion (£1.1 billion, €1.3 billion). The Airport Operators Association (AOA) estimated that airports lost £80 million over the six-and-a-half days. Over 95,000 flights had been cancelled all across Europe during the six-day airspace ban, with later figures suggesting 107,000 flights cancelled during an 8-day period, accounting for 48% of total air traffic and roughly 10 million passengers.","Initially there was an uninterrupted shutdown of the air travel from April 15 until April 23. There were intermittent disruptions in different parts of Europe in the following weeks until May 17. Overall, the air travel over Europe disrupted for 33 days between April 15 and May 17 2010.",closed_qa "Tell me whether these are literary characters or fruits: Gandalf, banana, Frodo Baggins, Aragorn, orange, apple, Sauron",,"Gandalf - literary character Banana - fruit Frodo Baggins - literary character Aragorn - literary character orange - fruit apple - fruit Sauron - literary character",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Sheker, Taishogoto",,"Taishogoto is string, Sheker is percussion.",classification "Tell me what is a good manager and a bad manager: Sympathy, open, democratic, Micro management, always show trust, always show doubt, intimidating",,"A good manager: Sympathy, Open, Democratic, always shows trust. A bad manager: Micro Management, always shows doubt, intimidating.",classification "Using the provided passage, provide a bulleted list of the areas most effected by climate change.","Economic damages due to climate change may be severe and there is a chance of disastrous consequences. Climate change has likely already increased global economic inequality, and this trend is projected to continue. Most of the severe impacts are expected in sub-Saharan Africa, where most of the local inhabitants are dependent upon natural and agricultural resources and South-East Asia. The World Bank estimates that climate change could drive over 120 million people into poverty by 2030. Current inequalities based on wealth and social status have worsened due to climate change. Major difficulties in mitigating, adapting, and recovering to climate shocks are faced by marginalized people who have less control over resources. Indigenous people, who are subsistent on their land and ecosystems, will face endangerment to their wellness and lifestyles due to climate change. An expert elicitation concluded that the role of climate change in armed conflict has been small compared to factors such as socio-economic inequality and state capabilities. Low-lying islands and coastal communities are threatened by sea level rise, which makes flooding more common. Sometimes, land is permanently lost to the sea. This could lead to statelessness for people in island nations, such as the Maldives and Tuvalu. In some regions, the rise in temperature and humidity may be too severe for humans to adapt to. With worst-case climate change, models project that almost one-third of humanity might live in extremely hot and uninhabitable climates, similar to the current climate found in the Sahara. These factors can drive environmental migration, both within and between countries. More people are expected to be displaced because of sea level rise, extreme weather and conflict from increased competition over natural resources. Climate change may also increase vulnerability, leading to ""trapped populations"" who are not able to move due to a lack of resources.","- sub-Saharan Africa - South-East Asia - Low-lying islands and coastal communities - Maldives - Tuvalu",summarization "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tubular bells, Cuataro",,"Cuataro is string, Tubular bells is percussion.",classification tell me a name which is colour and fruit,,orange,classification "What did Apple co-founder, Steve Jobs, die from?",,Steve Jobs died in 2011 from pancreatic cancer.,open_qa "Which of these drinks are caffeinated: water, coffee, tea, laptop, orange juice, lemonade, pre workout.",,"Coffee, tea, and pre workout may have varying amounts of caffeine. Water, orange juice, and lemonade are drinks which don’t have caffeine. A laptop is not a drink at all.",classification How many keys are in a standard piano?,,There are 88 keys in a standard piano. It has been the standard since Steinway built their pianos in the 1880s. There are 52 white keys and 36 black keys.,open_qa What is the most common spoken language in the world?,,Chinese,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Handchime, Nyatiti",,"Nyatiti is string, Handchime is percussion",classification What is the value of x if x^2 = 4?,,x is either equal to 2 or -2,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Gbedu, Guitalele",,"Guitalele is string, Gbedu is percussion.",classification "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Spinosaurus, Common Bottlenose Dolphin",,"Common Bottlenose Dolphin is alive, Spinosaurus is extinct.",classification Create a comma separated list of all countries mentioned in this paragraph on the history of test cricket,"Test cricket is a form of first-class cricket played at international level between teams representing full member countries of the International Cricket Council (ICC). A match consists of four innings (two per team) and is scheduled to last for up to five days. In the past, some Test matches had no time limit and were called Timeless Tests. The term ""test match"" was originally coined in 1861–62 but in a different context. Test cricket did not become an officially recognised format until the 1890s, but many international matches since 1877 have been retrospectively awarded Test status. The first such match took place at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG) in March 1877 between teams which were then known as a Combined Australian XI and James Lillywhite's XI, the latter a team of visiting English professionals. Matches between Australia and England were first called ""test matches"" in 1892. The first definitive list of retrospective Tests was written by South Australian journalist Clarence P. Moody two years later and, by the end of the century, had gained acceptance. There are now twelve full ICC member countries playing Test cricket. Day/night Tests were permitted by the ICC in 2012 and the first day/night match was between Australia and New Zealand at the Adelaide Oval in November 2015.","Australia, England, New Zealand",information_extraction What kind of species is the Hackelia bella,,"Hackelia bella is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name greater showy stickseed. It is native to the northern California Coast Ranges and the Klamath Mountains in northeastern California and southwestern Oregon in the United States. It is found in yellow pine forest, red fir forest habitats.",open_qa What is the best watch in the world ?,,"No one watch qualifies as best. It depends on an individual's preferences. Broadly watches can be classified into Digital and Mechanical watches. Mechanical watches can be further categorized into automatic and non-automatic. Digital watches typically use an electronic circuit to keep track of time. They generally are mass-produced and are inexpensive but highly accurate in keeping time. On the other hand, Mechanical Automatic watches typically use a rotor, or metal weight, to power the timepiece and keep time. The rotor is powered by the movement of the watch wearer's hand. Premium watches are handmade and can be pretty expensive. They also are the least accurate in keeping time. However, watch enthusiasts still love and collect these watches. Mechanical non-automatic watches typically use a quartz crystal to keep track of time. These are inexpensive and very accurate at keeping time. So the best watch for you depends on what you are looking for. If you have a tight budget and care about accurate timing, then digital or non-automatic watches might work well. On the other hand, if you are a watch enthusiast, then Automatic watches are a great buy.",creative_writing How long can you store cooked food in refrigerators?,,"A common misconception is the assumption that food ""loses nutrients"" when it's refrigerated. That is not as true as you think it is. It is always good to ask 2 follow up questions What nutrients exactly? And by how much? It turns out that water soluble vitamins are the most unstable and easily lost nutrients, but fun fact: most of the loss happens during cooking, not refrigeration. It is heat that destroys vitamins, not cold. In fact, in an airtight container, most cooked food will last 2-3 days at the minimum and up to a week in many cases. In the freezer, food will last up to 6 months (assuming no power cuts). All biological activity slows down with temperature. There are a few exceptions - plain cooked/steamed rice can sometimes be infected by a bacteria that doesn't mind low temperatures, so it's best to consume it within 1-2 days. Bonus point: Indian food, is uniquely fridge friendly because it tends to be spicy, salty and sour - these are three conditions microbes absolutely hate.",open_qa How many grand slams did Boris Becker win?,,"Boris Becker won a total of six Grand Slam titles during his career. He won Wimbledon in 1985, 1986 and 1989, the US Open in 1989 and the Australian Open in 1991 and 1996.",open_qa What are the names of the Stark children's direwolves?,,"Grey Wind, Lady, Nymeria, Summer, and Shaggydog.",open_qa Which chapel on Rutger's campus was built 7 years after the New Jersey College for Women?,"Voorhees Chapel is one of two chapels on the campus of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in New Brunswick, New Jersey. Built in 1925 with a donation from Elizabeth Rodman Voorhees, wife of Rutgers trustee Ralph Voorhees, the chapel once served the community of Douglass College. Douglass, founded the New Jersey College for Women (founded in 1918), was the women's residential college at Rutgers.","The Voorhees Chapel was built in 1925, seven years after the New Jersey College for Women was founded by Elizabeth Rodman Voorhees.",closed_qa Since when did the SR22 include a glass cockpit,"SR22s and SR20s built before 2003 were equipped with traditional analog instruments and a 10"" (later 12"") Multi-function display (MFD). In February 2003, Cirrus began offering SR22s with the Avidyne Entegra primary flight display (PFD), making the plane the first of its kind to come with a glass cockpit. Later that year, this instrumentation became standard equipment on all SR-series aircraft and sparked a major transition in general aviation, whereby over 90% of all new light aircraft by the year 2006 were equipped with glass cockpits. Retrofits are available for the older SR aircraft that replace the analog instrument panels with one that includes a PFD, a new MFD and the installation of back-up mechanical instruments. On 22 May 2008, Cirrus revealed the ""Cirrus Perspective"" glass cockpit (by Garmin). Both cockpits were available for a while (the Avidyne cockpit was initially standard equipment) and after 2008 the SR22 was sold with only the Perspective panel. In 2009, the third-generation Cirrus SR22 GTS came equipped with a new enhanced vision system (EVS), a sophisticated dual-wavelength instrument that offers both infrared and synthetic vision. At the 2010 EAA AirVenture, Cirrus announced its plans to certify Garmin's ESP system (Electronic Stability and Protection) on the Cirrus SR22. It included advanced flight envelope protection that could stabilize the aircraft with the push of a button, to avoid spiral from developing. The Cirrus Perspective-Plus avionics flight deck was introduced in 2017, with a faster processing speed, animated datalink weather, payload management, visual approach capabilities, wireless database uploads, glass back-up instruments, and more. In 2020, the Perspective-Plus flight deck included a new stabilized approach advisory system which provides alerts to the pilot of unstable conditions during approach.","Since February 2003 Cirrus started to offer a glass panel for the SR22. First the Avidyne Entegra was offered to customers. Also retrofits became available for older SR versions. In May 2008, Cirrus revealed the ""Cirrus Perspective"" glass cockpit, which was based on instruments created by Garmin. Until today, Cirrus is including Garmin glass cockpits in it's aircrafts.",information_extraction Who planted the first wine vineyard at California's Mission San Juan Capistrano?,,Father Junípero Serra,open_qa in which language does God Jul mean happy Xmas,,Swedish,open_qa Name some players on the Golden State Warriors basketball team.,,"The current roster of the Golden State Warriors basketball team includes the following players: Stephen Curry, Draymond Green, Andrew Wiggins, Jordan Poole, Klay Thompson, Kevon Looney, Jonathan Kuminga.",open_qa What is the difference between dairy and cattle?,,"Dairy cows are raised for their milk, while cattle are raised for their meat.",open_qa Write me a song about a summer romance,,"Verse 1: I walked for miles in no direction To find that all roads lead back to you Was in denial of your imperfections I saw only what I wanted to I still remember when you told me That one day I'd see my name in lights It was December I still see it clearly We both knew it'd be our last goodbye Chorus: Flashback to summer Until the sun came up We rode the night out Yea we were so in love Flashback to summer Until the sun came up We rode the night out Yea we were so messed up Verse 2: I watched your tail lights fade into darkness I'd like to think we gave it all we had Under the moonlight left defenseless Suffered from a broken heart attack I thought you knew me like nobody else could But I never thought I'd see you leave Now I here I am feeling misunderstood I guess that's love when you're naive Chorus: Flashback to summer Until the sun came up We rode the night out Yea we were so in love Flashback to summer Until the sun came up We rode the night out Stars shone bright above Bridge: It was a summer to remember The music could've played forever But we both knew that it wouldn't last for long We burned fast and we burned bright Until you drove away that night And left me wondering where did things go wrong Chorus: Flashback to summer Until the sun came up We rode the night out Yea we were so in love Flashback to summer Until the sun came up We rode the night out And stars shone bright above",creative_writing Who owns ITV?,"The history of ITV, the United Kingdom ""Independent Television"" commercial network, goes back to 1955. Independent Television began as a network of independently-owned regional companies that were both broadcasters and programme makers, beginning with four companies operating six stations in three large regions in 1955–1956, and gradually expanding to 17 stations in 14 regions by 1962. Each regional station was responsible for its own branding, scheduling and advertising, with many peak-time programmes shared simultaneously across the whole network. By 29 February 2016, 12 regions in England and Wales shared national ITV branding and scheduling, and, together with a 13th region UTV in Northern Ireland, were owned by a single company, ITV plc. A further two regions in Scotland carry STV branding and are owned by the STV Group.",ITV plc owns all 13 ITV regions in England and Wales as well as UTV in Northern Ireland. STV Group owns the STV region in Scotland.,information_extraction What is the meaning of life?,"In their travels, Arthur comes to learn that the Earth was actually a giant supercomputer, created by another supercomputer, Deep Thought. Deep Thought had been built by its creators to give the answer to the ""Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything"", which, after eons of calculations, was given simply as ""42"". Deep Thought was then instructed to design the Earth supercomputer to determine what the Question actually is. The Earth was subsequently destroyed by the Vogons moments before its calculations were completed, and Arthur becomes the target of the descendants of the Deep Thought creators, believing his mind must hold the Question. With his friends' help, Arthur escapes and they decide to have lunch at The Restaurant at the End of the Universe, before embarking on further adventures.",42,information_extraction I need to purchase food at the grocery store but I dont have a car to get there. What are some of the other ways I could get the food I need?,,"I could use a taxi service like Uber or Lyft to take me there and back. I can ask a friend to give me a ride in their car. I can walk to the store if it is a reasonable distance. I could ride a bike or a scooter. I can use a food delivery service like Instacart to deliver my groceries to my house. I could take public transportation like a bus or the subway, if available in my area.",brainstorming What is a haiku?,,"The haiku is a traditional Japanese poem that has seventeen syllables and follows a specific structure. It is composed of three lines with five, then seven, then five syllables, such as: Flowers will bloom soon, Air warms and sun shines brightly, Pink leaves will fall next.",open_qa What is a question mark?,,A question mark is a form of punctuation used at the end of a sentence to denote uncertainty. A question mark looks like this: ?,open_qa "Tell me if these are baseball teams or football teams: Seattle Mariners, Chicago Cubs, Tampa Bay Devil Rays",,They are all baseball teams,classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Xylophone, Ramkie",,"Ramkie is string, Xylophone is percussion.",classification "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Horse, Red deer",,"Red deer is wild, Horse is domesticated",classification What are some things I could do as a tourist near Honolulu?,,"Here are five things you could do as a tourist on O'ahu: - Visit the Pearl Harbor National Monument. While you're there, you could also visit the battleship Missouri and the Pearl Harbor aviation museum on Ford island - Visit the Bishop museum - Take a surfing lesson at Waikiki, or just take a stroll along the beach - Take a helicopter tour of O'ahu - Hike to the top of the Diamond Head crater",brainstorming Where is John Rahm from?,,"Barrika, Spain",open_qa "Based on the given text, do beavers eat wood or do they only chop down trees for dams?","Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two existing species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras, weighing up to 50 kg (110 lb). They have stout bodies with large heads, long chisel-like incisors, brown or gray fur, hand-like front feet, webbed back feet, and tails that are flat and scaly. The two species differ in skull and tail shape and fur color. Beavers can be found in a number of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. They are herbivorous, consuming tree bark, aquatic plants, grasses and sedges. Beavers build dams and lodges using tree branches, vegetation, rocks and mud; they chew down trees for building material. Dams restrict water flow, and lodges serve as shelters. Their infrastructure creates wetlands used by many other species, and because of their effect on other organisms in the ecosystem, beavers are considered a keystone species.","Beavers are herbivorous and are known to consume tree bark as part of their diet. However, beavers often build dams and lodges using fallen tree branches and other vegetation that they chew with their teeth in order to make materials for restricting water flow and shelter.",closed_qa "given the plot of 1985 hit Back to the future, how could Marty McFly have avoided having to reconcile his mother and father in order to save his life?","In 1985, teenager Marty McFly lives in Hill Valley, California, with his depressed alcoholic mother, Lorraine; his older siblings, who are professional and social failures; and his meek father, George, who is bullied by his supervisor, Biff Tannen. After Marty's band fails a music audition, he confides in his girlfriend, Jennifer Parker, that he fears becoming like his parents despite his ambitions. That night, Marty meets his eccentric scientist friend, Emmett ""Doc"" Brown, in the Twin Pines mall parking lot. Doc unveils a time machine built from a modified DeLorean, powered by plutonium he swindled from Libyan terrorists. After Doc inputs a destination time of November 5, 1955 (the day he first conceived his time travel invention), the terrorists arrive unexpectedly and gun him down. Marty flees in the DeLorean, inadvertently activating time travel when he reaches 88 miles per hour (142 kilometers per hour). Arriving in 1955, Marty discovers he has no plutonium to return. While exploring a burgeoning Hill Valley, Marty encounters his teenage father and discovers Biff was bullying George even then. George falls into the path of an oncoming car while spying on the teenage Lorraine changing clothes, and Marty is knocked unconscious while saving him. He wakes to find himself tended to by Lorraine, who becomes infatuated with him. Marty tracks down and convinces a younger Doc that he is from the future, but Doc explains the only source available in 1955 capable of generating the power required for time travel is a lightning bolt. Marty shows Doc a flyer from the future that documents an upcoming lightning strike at the town's courthouse. As Marty's siblings begin to fade from a photo he is carrying with him, Doc realizes Marty's actions are altering the future and jeopardizing his existence; Lorraine was supposed to tend to George instead of Marty after the car accident. Early attempts to get his parents acquainted fail, and Lorraine's infatuation with Marty deepens. Lorraine asks Marty to the school dance, and he plots to feign inappropriate advances on her, allowing George to intervene and rescue her, but the plan goes awry when Biff's gang locks Marty in the trunk of the performing band's car, while Biff forces himself onto Lorraine. George arrives expecting to find Marty but is assaulted by Biff. After Biff hurts Lorraine, an enraged George knocks him unconscious and escorts the grateful Lorraine to the dance. The band frees Marty from their car, but the lead guitarist injures his hand in the process, so Marty takes his place, performing while George and Lorraine share their first kiss. With his future no longer in jeopardy, Marty heads to the courthouse to meet Doc. Doc discovers a letter from Marty warning him about his future and rips it, worried about the consequences. To save Doc, Marty recalibrates the DeLorean to return ten minutes before he left the future. The lightning strikes, sending Marty back to 1985, but the DeLorean breaks down, forcing Marty to run back to the mall. He arrives as Doc is being shot. While Marty grieves at his side, Doc sits up, revealing he pieced Marty's note back together and wore a bulletproof vest. He takes Marty home and departs to 2015 in the DeLorean. Marty wakes the next morning to discover his father is now a confident and successful science fiction author, his mother is fit and happy, his siblings are successful, and Biff is a servile valet in George's employ. As Marty reunites with Jennifer, Doc suddenly reappears in the DeLorean, insisting they return with him to the future to save their children from terrible fates.",He could have not push his father out of the way when he fell into the path of an oncoming car.,closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Hosho, Flamenco guitar",,"Hosho is percussion, Flamenco guitar is string.",classification How many percentages of people in London prefer to walk ?,"London has an extensive and developed transport network which includes both private and public services. Journeys made by public transport systems account for 37% of London's journeys while private services accounted for 36% of journeys, walking 24% and cycling 2%. London's public transport network serves as the central hub for the United Kingdom in rail, air and road transport.",Approx. 24% people in London prefer to walk.,information_extraction Is it football or soccer that they play in the Netherlands?,,In the Netherlands they play football.,open_qa Please give me a bulleted list of countries that make up the Indian subcontinent from this passage,"The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas. Geopolitically, it includes the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The terms ""Indian subcontinent"" and ""South Asia"" are often used interchangeably to denote the region, although the geopolitical term of South Asia frequently includes Afghanistan, which may otherwise be classified as Central Asian.","Here is the bulleted list of countries that comprise the Indian Subcontinent * Bangladesh * Bhutan * India * Maldives * Nepal * Pakistan * Sri Lanka",summarization Name a battlefield surgeon,"Princess Vera Ignatievna Gedroits was a Russian doctor of medicine and author. She was the first woman military surgeon in Russia, the first woman professor of surgery, and the first woman to serve as a physician to the Imperial Court of Russia. Following her involvement in a student movement, Gedroits was unable to complete her studies in Russia, and despite being openly lesbian, entered into a marriage of convenience, which allowed her to obtain a passport in another name and leave the country. In Switzerland, she enrolled in the medical courses of César Roux and graduated in 1898, working as Roux’s assistant, but returned to Russia because of illnesses in her family. As a young physician, Gedroits was concerned at the low standards of hygiene, nutrition and sanitation, and made recommendations to improve conditions. In the Russo-Japanese War, she performed abdominal surgeries against established policy, leading to a change in the way battlefield medicine was performed. Much decorated for her war service, she served as physician to the royal court until the outbreak of World War I, training the Tsarina Alexandra and her daughters as nurses. At the beginning of the Revolution, Gedroits returned to the battle front. Wounded, she was evacuated to Kiev, where she resumed her work as a physician and academic. In 1921, she was hired to teach pediatric surgery at the Kiev Medical Institute and within two years was appointed a professor of medicine. Soviet purges at that time removed her from office in 1930 and denied her a pension. Gedroits turned her attention to writing autobiographical novels until her death from uterine cancer in 1932.",Vera Gedroits was a ground-breaking physician and surgeon who improved surgical practices on the battlefield and became the first woman to serve as a physician to the Imperial Court of Russia.,information_extraction Give me a short list with five ideas for hobbies I can do at home.,,"Hobbies you can do at home include: - painting - cooking - reading - working out - board games",brainstorming Give me a list of five surf spots in Southern California,,"Rincon, Malibu, Salt Creek, Trestles, Blacks Beach",brainstorming Give me a few ways that I could travel from Munich to Rome and list the advantages and disadvantages for each.,,"Here are several ways that you could travel from Munich to Rome: 1. By air - Plane travel is probably the most common and fastest way to travel from Munich to Rome. Depending on when you fly, your ticket class, and how close to your departure date that you buy your tickets, pricing can vary from less than $100 (91 Euros) to over $500 (455 Euros). Be sure to plan your trip and purchase tickets in advance to ensure that you save money. Also, while Munich has one major airport (MUC), Rome has two large international airports (FCO and CIA). It will take roughly 90 minutes by plane to travel from Munich to Rome, not accounting for time in the airport, security lines and customs. 2. By train - Traveling by train is another common way to get from Munich to Rome. While it will take longer than by air, tickets are very inexpensive and can be purchased the day of travel. A one way train ticket from Munich to Rome will cost roughly $35 (32 Euros), and take between 9-12 hours, depending on the route and number of stops. 3. By car - Traveling by car from Munich to Rome is also an option. With limited stops, it will take roughly 10 hours to drive from Munich to Rome, but having a car will allow you flexibility to stop along the way at any cities or sites that you want to see. Depending on your specific needs, all three of these options could be viable ways to travel from Munich to Rome.",brainstorming How many parts were brand new in the Porsche 993?,"The 993 was much improved over and quite different from its predecessor. According to Porsche, every part of the car was designed from the ground up, including the engine and only 20% of its parts were carried over from the previous generation. Porsche refers to the 993 as ""a significant advance, not just from a technical, but also a visual perspective."" Porsche's engineers devised a new light-alloy subframe with coil and wishbone suspension (an all new multi-link system, Weissach axle), putting behind the previous lift-off oversteer and making significant progress with the engine and handling, creating a more civilized car overall and providing an improved driving experience. The 993 was also the first 911 to receive a six speed transmission.",The 993 model was made from 1994-1998. It is known as the last of the aircooled Porsches. Only 20% of its parts were carried over from the previous generation (the 964). The 993 was a significant advance in terms of design and technical components. It is one of the most highly regarded 911s to this day.,summarization Explain the difference between rhotic and non-rhotic dialects of English.,"Rhoticity in English is the pronunciation of the historical rhotic consonant /r/ by English speakers. The presence or absence of rhoticity is one of the most prominent distinctions by which varieties of English can be classified. In rhotic varieties, the historical English /r/ sound is preserved in all pronunciation contexts. In non-rhotic varieties, speakers no longer pronounce /r/ in postvocalic environments—that is, when it is immediately after a vowel and not followed by another vowel. For example, in isolation, a rhotic English speaker pronounces the words hard and butter as /ˈhɑːrd/ and /ˈbʌtər/, whereas a non-rhotic speaker ""drops"" or ""deletes"" the /r/ sound, pronouncing them as /ˈhɑːd/ and /ˈbʌtə/. When an r is at the end of a word but the next word begins with a vowel, as in the phrase ""better apples"", most non-rhotic speakers will pronounce the /r/ in that position (the linking R), since it is followed by a vowel in this case. The rhotic varieties of English include the dialects of South West England, Scotland, Ireland, and most of the United States and Canada. The non-rhotic varieties include most of the dialects of modern England, Wales, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. In some varieties, such as those of some parts of the southern and northeastern United States, rhoticity is a sociolinguistic variable: postvocalic r is deleted depending on an array of social factors, such as being more correlated today with lower socioeconomic status, greater age, certain ethnic identities, and less formal speaking contexts. Evidence from written documents suggests that loss of postvocalic /r/ began sporadically during the mid-15th century, although these /r/-less spellings were uncommon and were restricted to private documents, especially ones written by women in England. In the mid-18th century, postvocalic /r/ was still pronounced in most environments, but by the 1740s to 1770s it was often deleted entirely, especially after low vowels. By the early 19th century, the southern British standard was fully transformed into a non-rhotic variety, though some variation persisted as late as the 1870s. In the 18th century (and possibly 17th century), the loss of postvocalic /r/ in British English influenced southern and eastern American port cities with close connections to Britain, causing their upper-class pronunciation to become non-rhotic while the rest of the United States remained rhotic. Non-rhotic pronunciation continued to influence American prestige speech until the 1860s, when the American Civil War began to shift America's centers of wealth and political power to rhotic areas with fewer cultural connections to the old colonial and British elites. In the United States, non-rhotic speech continued to hold some level of prestige up until the mid-20th century, but rhotic speech in particular became prestigious nationwide rapidly after the Second World War, reflected in the national standard of radio and television since the mid-20th century embracing historical /r/.","In rhotic English dialects, the historical English /r/ sound is preserved in all pronunciation contexts. In non-rhotic English dialects, speakers no longer pronounce /r/ in postvocalic environments—that is, when it is immediately after a vowel and not followed by another vowel. For example, in isolation, a rhotic English speaker pronounces the words hard and butter as /ˈhɑːrd/ and /ˈbʌtər/, whereas a non-rhotic speaker ""drops"" or ""deletes"" the /r/ sound, pronouncing them as /ˈhɑːd/ and /ˈbʌtə/. The rhotic varieties of English include the dialects of South West England, Scotland, Ireland, and most of the United States and Canada. The non-rhotic varieties include most of the dialects of modern England, Wales, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.",summarization "Tell me whether these are Major League Baseball or National Basketball Association teams: Yankees, Astros, Dodgers, Pirates and Padres.",,These five teams are all part of Major League Baseball and are not National Basketball Association teams.,classification How would you go about a planning a backpacking trip into the Grand Canyon National Park.,,"Suppose you wish to camp anywhere in the park other than in developed campgrounds on the North or South Rim. In that case, you must obtain a permit from the Backcountry Information Center. Camping sites are limited in the Grand Canyon, and spots are issued four months before a given month. E.g., For January, permit applications should be submitted between Aug 20 and Sep 1 to be considered ""earliest requested."" For requests received during the Earliest Consideration period, the day received does not matter; all Earliest Consideration requests received during this span of dates are treated the same. It may take Rangers up to three weeks to process all Earliest Consideration requests. Subsequent Requests: Once all Earliest Consideration requests are processed, Rangers will begin processing written requests received on subsequent dates. These Subsequent Requests are kept and considered in the order received. Submissions will be accepted as late as two weeks before a hike start date. If your permit request is selected, you must diligently plan your trip. You will need to carry everything you need for the duration of your journey with you except for water which is few and far between. Know where the water sources are on your route and carry filtration devices, water purification equipment, and backup equipment. The hotter the trip, the more water you will require. Have a plan for where the necessary water will be on your route, and double-check with the park service ahead of time that water is still there. Dehydration is the number one reason for rescue and death in the canyon. Some springs dry up in the summer months. Travel as light as possible; you must pack everything you bring into the canyon, including used toilet paper. Plan each meal, knowing how much calories and water you consume based on your planned exertion level. Calorie and water requirements also change based on temperature (the hotter the day, the more water and food you will need). Also, make sure you have the appropriate gear based on temperatures. It is approximately 20 degrees cooler at the top of the canyon than at the bottom because there is a 5000 feet vertical difference at the South Rim and 6000 at the North Rim. Ensure your footwear is ""broken in"", and carry first-aid kits with particular attention to foot care, such as blister pads and moleskin. Start with shorter, more leisurely trips; if you like them, move up to more adventurous multi-day trips. Plan on rest days when you can enjoy the majestic scenery of one of the world's natural wonders. Above all, enjoy the canyon; it's a magical place 6 million years in the making that exposes geology over 4 billion years old.",creative_writing Who won Euro song contest Save All Your Kisses For Me,,Brotherhood of Man,open_qa "Classify the following as ""animate"" or ""inanimate"": humans, rocks, houses, plants, trees, cars, flowers, curtains, walls",,"Humans: Animate Rocks: Inanimate Houses: Inanimate Plants: Animate Trees: Animate Cars: Inanimate Flowers: Animate Curtains: Inanimate Walls: Inanimate",classification What is the largest spider?,,Goliath Birdeater,open_qa Write a haiku about sitting on the shore and watching the waves.,,"I sit on the shore observing the waves crashing over and over",creative_writing "Classify these as faster or slower than driving a car: running, flying a plane, riding a bike, walking, driving a boat.",,"Running, walking, and riding a bike will typically be slower than driving a car. Flying a plane will typically be faster than driving a car. Driving a boat may be slower or faster than driving a car, depending on where you’re going and whether a body of water might provide a more direct route.",classification List the names of several laundry detergent brands,,"Tide, Oxy, Kirkland, Persil, Gain, Downy, 7th Generation, and Arm & Hammer",brainstorming What do the letters MG stand for on cars,,Morris Garages,open_qa Summarize the history of NATO,"The Treaty of Dunkirk was signed by France and the United Kingdom on 4 March 1947, during the aftermath of World War II and the start of the Cold War, as a Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance in the event of possible attacks by Germany or the Soviet Union. In March 1948, this alliance was expanded in the Treaty of Brussels to include the Benelux countries, forming the Brussels Treaty Organization, commonly known as the Western Union. Talks for a wider military alliance, which could include North America, also began that month in the United States, where their foreign policy under the Truman Doctrine promoted international solidarity against actions they saw as communist aggression, such as the February 1948 coup d'état in Czechoslovakia. These talks resulted in the signature of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949 by the member states of the Western Union plus the United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark, and Iceland. Canadian diplomat Lester B. Pearson was a key author and drafter of the treaty. A long rectangular room with multiple rows of seated individuals on each side, and flags hanging at the far end. West Germany joined NATO in 1955, which led to the formation of the rival Warsaw Pact during the Cold War. The North Atlantic Treaty was largely dormant until the Korean War initiated the establishment of NATO to implement it with an integrated military structure. This included the formation of Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) in 1951, which adopted many of the Western Union's military structures and plans, including their agreements on standardizing equipment and agreements on stationing foreign military forces in European countries. In 1952, the post of Secretary General of NATO was established as the organization's chief civilian. That year also saw the first major NATO maritime exercises, Exercise Mainbrace and the accession of Greece and Turkey to the organization. Following the London and Paris Conferences, West Germany was permitted to rearm militarily, as they joined NATO in May 1955, which was, in turn, a major factor in the creation of the Soviet-dominated Warsaw Pact, delineating the two opposing sides of the Cold War. The building of the Berlin Wall in 1961 marked a height in Cold War tensions, when 400,000 US troops were stationed in Europe. Doubts over the strength of the relationship between the European states and the United States ebbed and flowed, along with doubts over the credibility of the NATO defence against a prospective Soviet invasion – doubts that led to the development of the independent French nuclear deterrent and the withdrawal of France from NATO's military structure in 1966. In 1982, the newly democratic Spain joined the alliance. The Revolutions of 1989 in Europe led to a strategic re-evaluation of NATO's purpose, nature, tasks, and focus on the continent. In October 1990, East Germany became part of the Federal Republic of Germany and the alliance, and in November 1990, the alliance signed the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) in Paris with the Soviet Union. It mandated specific military reductions across the continent, which continued after the collapse of the Warsaw Pact in February 1991 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union that December, which removed the de facto main adversaries of NATO. This began a draw-down of military spending and equipment in Europe. The CFE treaty allowed signatories to remove 52,000 pieces of conventional armaments in the following sixteen years, and allowed military spending by NATO's European members to decline by 28 percent from 1990 to 2015. In 1990 assurances were given by several Western leaders to Mikhail Gorbachev that NATO would not expand further east, as revealed by memoranda of private conversations. However, the final text of the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, signed later that year, contained no mention of the issue of eastward expansion. Two tall concrete sections of a wall in a grass lawn in front of a curved building with blue-glass windows. The Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked a turning point in NATO's role in Europe, and this section of the wall is now displayed outside NATO headquarters. In the 1990s, the organization extended its activities into political and humanitarian situations that had not formerly been NATO concerns. During the Breakup of Yugoslavia, the organization conducted its first military interventions in Bosnia from 1992 to 1995 and later Yugoslavia in 1999. These conflicts motivated a major post-Cold War military restructuring. NATO's military structure was cut back and reorganized, with new forces such as the Headquarters Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Corps established. Politically, the organization sought better relations with the newly autonomous Central and Eastern European states, and diplomatic forums for regional cooperation between NATO and its neighbours were set up during this post-Cold War period, including the Partnership for Peace and the Mediterranean Dialogue initiative in 1994, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in 1997, and the NATO–Russia Permanent Joint Council in 1998. At the 1999 Washington summit, Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic officially joined NATO, and the organization also issued new guidelines for membership with individualized ""Membership Action Plans"". These plans governed the subsequent addition of new alliance members. The election of French President Nicolas Sarkozy in 2007 led to a major reform of France's military position, culminating with the return to full membership on 4 April 2009, which also included France rejoining the NATO Military Command Structure, while maintaining an independent nuclear deterrent. Article 5 of the North Atlantic treaty, requiring member states to come to the aid of any member state subject to an armed attack, was invoked for the first and only time after the September 11 attacks, after which troops were deployed to Afghanistan under the NATO-led ISAF. The organization has operated a range of additional roles since then, including sending trainers to Iraq, assisting in counter-piracy operations, and in 2011 enforcing a no-fly zone over Libya in accordance with UN Security Council Resolution 1973. Russia's annexation of Crimea led to strong condemnation by all NATO members, and was one of the seven times that Article 4, which calls for consultation among NATO members, has been invoked. Prior times included during the Iraq War and Syrian Civil War. At the 2014 Wales summit, the leaders of NATO's member states formally committed for the first time to spend the equivalent of at least two percent of their gross domestic products on defence by 2024, which had previously been only an informal guideline. At the 2016 Warsaw summit, NATO countries agreed on the creation of NATO Enhanced Forward Presence, which deployed four multinational battalion-sized battlegroups in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. Before and during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, several NATO countries sent ground troops, warships and fighter aircraft to reinforce the alliance's eastern flank, and multiple countries again invoked Article 4. In March 2022, NATO leaders met at Brussels for an extraordinary summit which also involved Group of Seven and European Union leaders. NATO member states agreed to establish four additional battlegroups in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia, and elements of the NATO Response Force were activated for the first time in NATO's history. As of June 2022, NATO had deployed 40,000 troops along its 2,500-kilometre-long (1,550 mi) Eastern flank to deter Russian aggression. More than half of this number have been deployed in Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and Poland, which five countries muster a considerable combined ex-NATO force of 259,000 troops. To supplement Bulgaria's Air Force, Spain sent Eurofighter Typhoons, the Netherlands sent eight F-35 attack aircraft, and additional French and US attack aircraft would arrive soon as well. NATO enjoys public support across its member states.","The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, French: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord), or North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance, the Western Alliance, is a military alliance. It was established by the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949 and it was signed in Washington, DC, United States, on April 4, 1949. Its members in 1949 were the United States, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, the United Kingdom, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark and Iceland. On 18 February 1952, Greece and Turkey also joined. When West Germany joined the organization on 9 May 1955 it was described as ""a decisive turning point in the history of our continent"" by Halvard Lange, Foreign Minister of Norway at the time., the result was the Warsaw Pact, signed on 14 May 1955 by the Soviet Union and its satellite states as response to NATO. After the Cold War in 1999 three former communist countries, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Poland joined NATO. On 29 March 2004 seven more Northern European and Eastern European countries joined NATO: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and also Slovenia, Slovakia, Bulgaria, and Romania. Croatia and Albania received NATO membership invitation on 3 April 2008. The Republic of Macedonia received the only conditional invitation because it was vetoed by Greece because of its name dispute with Greece. Montenegro joined on 5 June 2017. Having changed its name to end the dispute, North Macedonia joined NATO on 27 March 2020 and became its 30th member. Ireland officially joined NATO on 8 September 2020 as an observer. In April 2023, Finland joined NATO, following efforts to join since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.",summarization "Classify each of the following as either a brass or woodwind instrument: flute, clarinet, oboe, trombone, trumpet, and tuba.",,"-Woodwind instruments: flute, clarinet, and oboe -Brass instruments: trombone, trumpet, and tuba",classification Extract the names of the team involved to perform inception on Robert. Separate them with a comma.,"Cobb, Arthur, Saito, Eames, Yusuf, Ariadne","Cobb and Arthur are ""extractors""; they perform corporate espionage using experimental dream-sharing technology to infiltrate their targets' subconscious and extract information. Their latest target, Saito, is impressed with Cobb's ability to layer multiple dreams within each other. He offers to hire Cobb for the supposedly impossible job of implanting an idea into a person's subconscious; performing ""inception"" on Robert, the son of Saito's competitor Maurice Fischer, with the idea to dissolve his father's company. Saito promises to clear Cobb's criminal status, allowing him to return home to his children. Cobb accepts the offer and assembles his team: a forger named Eames, a chemist named Yusuf, and a college student named Ariadne. Ariadne is tasked with designing the dream's architecture, something Cobb himself cannot do for fear of being sabotaged by a projection of his late wife Mal. Maurice dies, and the team sedates Robert into a three-layer shared dream on an airplane to America. Time on each layer runs slower than the layer above, with one member staying behind on each to perform a music-synchronized ""kick"" to awaken dreamers on all three levels simultaneously.",information_extraction What spots are the best spots to surf In the Bay Area?,,"Surfing in San Francisco can be challenging. It's cold, rocky and the conditions are often unforgiving. That doesn't mean there isn't great surf in the area. Here are a few fun spots. Starting in Marin County, you can’t ignore a small town called Bolinas. Bolinas has prided itself on its efforts to stay off the grid. Unfortunately, COVID has brought a lot more people out of the city and bolinas isn’t the secret spot it used to be. Bolinas is a coastal town in West Marin that has managed to protect itself from big city life. The locals there love keeping Bolinas off the grid. Traveling to Bolinas feels like you’ve went back in time 50 years. In a good way. Bolinas offers a few spots to surf but is generally a longboard wave and is best on incoming mid to high tide. Be respectful of the locals there and the life they’ve carved out for themselves. After Bolinas you can head south and just north of the Golden Gate Bridge. Ft Cronkite is a nestled in the Marin Headlands. The beach there is called Rodeo Beach. There is a small parking lot at the beach which hosts many hikers and cyclists as well. The beach is a little cove that is generally protected from the wind. So, when other surf spots in the area may be messy and wind blown, Ft Cron could be clean and protected. This wave is finicky though. It is a bit hit or miss and is a tough wave to surf. I would categorize it for the intermediate to advanced surfer and you need to catch it at mid to high tide. The next spot to go is Ft. Point. Head south over the Golden Gate Bridge. Surfing Ft. Point is really a novalty. It is a left that is tucked under the Golden Gate Bridge. It rarely breaks big enough to surf, but when it does, it is worth paddling out just to say you surfed under the Golden Gate. If you're lucky enough to enjoy this wave when it's breaking be sure to get some photos to prove it. Just south a few minutes from Ft. Point is Ocean Beach. Ocean Beach is a large beach break where the city of San Francisco hits the Pacific Ocean. This wave is documented as one of the roughest beach breaks to surf. The paddle out is long. Ocean Beach is not for the faint of heart. The current is strong. When Ocean Beach is going well (generally in the winter), it gets really good. Double overhead barrels good. If Ocean Beach is a bit too heavy for you, it's easy to head south a tad to Pacifica State Beach at Linda Mar. Linda Mar is a little beach break that is learner and local friendly. The crowds can get big here because there are so many beginner surfers at this spot. There are plenty more spots to surf in the Bay Area. These are just a few of the best spots to go. Enjoy the Bay Area surfing.",creative_writing What were the top 5 best-selling British sports cars manufactured by British Leyland?,,"1. MGB; approximately 524,000 were produced 2. Triumph Spitfire; approximately 315,000 were produced 3. MG Midget; approximately 235,000 were produced 4. Triumph TR7; approximately 115,000 were produced 5. Triumph TR6; approximately 92,000 were produced",open_qa What is the American show The Office based on?,,"The Office is based on the original version of the Office, which was produced in England and is known as the British Office",open_qa "From the provided paragraph, write a bulleted list of how cheeses can be grouped.","There are many different types of cheese. Cheeses can be grouped or classified according to criteria such as length of fermentation, texture, methods of production, fat content, animal milk, and country or region of origin. The method most commonly and traditionally used is based on moisture content, which is then further narrowed down by fat content and curing or ripening methods. The criteria may either be used singly or in combination, with no single method being universally used.","* Length of fermentation * Texture * Methods of production * Fat content * Animal milk * Country or region of origin",information_extraction What color is Perpetual Spinach?,"""Chard or Swiss chard (/tʃɑːrd/; Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, Cicla Group and Flavescens Group) is a green leafy vegetable. In the cultivars of the Flavescens Group, the leaf stalks are large and often prepared separately from the leaf blade; the Cicla Group is the leafy spinach beet. The leaf blade can be green or reddish; the leaf stalks are usually white, yellow or red. Chard, like other green leafy vegetables, has highly nutritious leaves. Chard has been used in cooking for centuries, but because it is the same species as beetroot, the common names that cooks and cultures have used for chard may be confusing; it has many common names, such as silver beet, perpetual spinach, beet spinach, seakale beet, or leaf beet.""","The leaf blade can be green or reddish; the leaf stalks are usually white, yellow or red.",closed_qa Who is raiden shogun?,,"Raiden Shogun is used to refer to Janpanese General. Nowadays she is more referred to a character in Genshin Impact, a popular action role-playing game developed by miHoYo. She is a playable Electro character and also the current Electro Archon of Inazuma1. The Raiden Shogun is unique as she is comprised of two beings in one body: Ei, the current Electro Archon of Inazuma; and the Shogun, the puppet created by Ei to act as the ruler of Inazuma in her stead, which also serves as her vessel. With the might of lightning at her disposal, she commits herself to the solitary pursuit of eternity.",open_qa "Make me a list of the oldest board games that I might not know about, and where they were invented.",,"Here is a list of some of the oldest board games. Senet (Egypt), The Royal Game of Ur (Iraq), The Lewis Chessmen (Scotland), Mahjong (China), Game of Goose (Scotland) and Pachisi (India).",brainstorming How much of American wine is produced in California?,,California is responsibly for roughly 90% of American wine production,open_qa List the actors and actresses who were included in the cast of the movie Avengers: Endgame.,"Avengers: Endgame is a 2019 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is the direct sequel to Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and the 22nd film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Directed by Anthony and Joe Russo and written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, the film features an ensemble cast including Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Hemsworth, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Don Cheadle, Paul Rudd, Brie Larson, Karen Gillan, Danai Gurira, Benedict Wong, Jon Favreau, Bradley Cooper, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Josh Brolin. In the film, the surviving members of the Avengers and their allies attempt to reverse Thanos's actions in Infinity War.","Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Hemsworth, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Don Cheadle, Paul Rudd, Brie Larson, Karen Gillan, Danai Gurira, Benedict Wong, Jon Favreau, Bradley Cooper, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Josh Brolin.",information_extraction Do any airlines sponsor the UEFA Champions League (as of 2023)?,"Sponsorship Like the FIFA World Cup, the UEFA Champions League is sponsored by a group of multinational corporations, in contrast to the single main sponsor typically found in national top-flight leagues. When the Champions League was created in 1992, it was decided that a maximum of eight companies should be allowed to sponsor the event, with each corporation being allocated four advertising boards around the perimeter of the pitch, as well as logo placement at pre- and post-match interviews and a certain number of tickets to each match. This, combined with a deal to ensure tournament sponsors were given priority on television advertisements during matches, ensured that each of the tournament's main sponsors was given maximum exposure. From the 2012–13 knockout phase, UEFA used LED advertising hoardings installed in knock-out participant stadiums, including the final stage. From the 2015–16 season onwards, UEFA has used such hoardings from the play-off round until the final. The tournament's main sponsors for the 2021–24 cycle are: Oppo FedEx Turkish Airlines Heineken N.V. Heineken (except Albania, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, France, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Norway and Turkey) Heineken Silver Just Eat Takeaway 10bis (Israel only) Menulog (Australasia only) Bistro (Slovakia only) Just Eat Denmark France Ireland Italy Spain Switzerland United Kingdom Lieferando (Germany and Austria only) Pyszne (Poland only) Grubhub and Seamless (United States only) SkipTheDishes (Canada only) Takeaway (Belgium, Bulgaria and Luxembourg only) Thuisbezorgd (Netherlands only) Mastercard PepsiCo Pepsi Pepsi Max Gatorade Lay's (except Australasia, Balkan states, Turkey, Ireland and the United Kingdom) Smith's (Australasia only) Walkers (United Kingdom and Ireland only) Ruffles (Turkey only) Chipsy (Croatia, Albania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and North Macedonia only) Rockstar Sony PlayStation 5 Socios.com (United States only) Adidas is a secondary sponsor and supplies the official match ball, the Adidas Finale, and Macron supplies the referees' kit. Hublot is also a secondary sponsor as the official fourth official board of the competition. Individual clubs may wear jerseys with advertising. However, only two sponsorships are permitted per jersey in addition to that of the kit manufacturer, at the chest and the left sleeve. Exceptions are made for non-profit organisations, which can feature on the front of the shirt, incorporated with the main sponsor or in place of it; or on the back, either below the squad number or on the collar area. If a club plays a match in a nation where the relevant sponsorship category is restricted (such as France's alcohol advertising restriction), then they must remove that logo from their jerseys. For example, when Rangers played French side Auxerre in the 1996–97 Champions League, they wore the logo of Center Parcs instead of McEwan's Lager (both companies at the time were subsidiaries of Scottish & Newcastle).","Yes, Turkish Airlines is among the sponsors of the UEFA Champions League in the 2021-2024 cycle.",information_extraction What religion is the oldest in the world?,,"The oldest religion in the world is Hinduism. Also known as Sanatana Dharma, Hinduism is one of the major religions in the modern world with over a billion followers. Hinduism contains scriptures dating back 3,000 years ago, and roots and customs dating back over 4,000 years ago. As the world's third largest religion, Hinduism is referred to as a natural religion because of its universal applicability and ability to be understood through study, reason, and experience.",open_qa "what would I need of the following for a hiking trip? headphones internet trek shoes winter gear camp water food car towels jeans guitar",,"Need: trek shoes, winter gear, camp, water, food, towels Dont need: headphones, internet, car, jeans, guitar",classification "Tell me which of the following guitars are hollow bodies or not: Gibson ES-175, Gibson ES-335, Gibson SG, Gibson Les Paul, Fender Stratocaster, Fender Telecaster.",,"Gibson ES-175 is one of the most famous examples of a well-crafted hollow-body guitar, beloved by numerous jazz guitarists over many decades. Most variants of Gibson's SG, Les Paul, and Fender's Stratocaster and Telecaster are considered solid bodies. However, there were numerous variant models which featured ""hollowed"" or ""chambered"" bodies. One prime example is Fender's Telecaster Thinline model from the 1970's, which features a semi-hollow design with an open f-hole on only one side of the body. Speaking of ""semi-hollows,"" Gibson's ES-335 is a semi-hollow body guitar where a solid ""center block"" of wood passes through the middle of the body, providing additional structural stability over full hollow body guitars.",classification What are the best places in the United States for a golf trip?,,"The best places in the USA to take a golf trip: Pinehurst, North Carolina Kiawah Island, South Carolina Pebble Beach, California Scottsdale, Arizona Streamsong, Florida",brainstorming "i want to eat healthier. what kind of food in my diet should i cut out? Everyday I have a yogurt, burger, pizza, salad, and coffee.",,"It depends what your goals are for dieting. However, burgers and pizzas are generally not healthy due to a lot of trans fat and unhealthy carbs. Burgers and pizzas are also often fast food which means they are made with processed ingredients. Yogurt, salad, and coffee do not need to be cut out but in excess they can be unhealthy too. So, always eat or drink in moderation,",classification Who has won an NBA regular season MVP?,,"The NBA regular season MVPs, in chronological order, are: - Bob Pettit (1956, 1959) - Bob Cousy (1957) - Bill Russell (1958, 1961-63, 1965) - Wilt Chamberlain (1960, 1966-68) - Oscar Robertson (1964) - Westley (Wes) Unseld (1969) - Willis Reed (1970) - Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (1971-72, 1974, 1976-77, 1980) - Dave Cowens (1973) - Bob McAdoo (1975) - Bill Walton (1978) - Moses Malone (1979, 1982-83) - Julius Erving (1981) - Larry Bird (1984-86) - Magic Johnson (1987, 1989-90) - Michael Jordan (1988, 1991-92, 1996, 1998) - Charles Barkley (1993) - Hakeem Olajuwon (1994) - David Robinson (1995) - Karl Malone (1997, 1999) - Shaquille O'Neal (2000) - Allen Iverson (2001) - Tim Duncan (2002-03) - Kevin Garnett (2004) - Steve Nash (2005-06) - Dirk Nowitzki (2007) - Kobe Bryant (2008) - LeBron James (2009-10, 2012-13) - Derrick Rose (2011) - Kevin Durant (2014) - Stephen Curry (2015-16) - Russell Westbrook (2017) - James Harden (2018) - Giannis Antetokounmpo (2019-20) - Nikola Jokic (2021-22)",brainstorming Think of things to do in a place with cold winters. Provide answer as a bullet list.,,"- Build a snowman - Have a snowball fight - Go sledding - Go skiing - Go skating - Go snowshoeing",brainstorming How do you make Crawfish bread?,,"Ingredients 1 pound crawfish tail meat, peeled, cleaned and deveined 1/2 stick butter 1 clove garlic, minced 3/4 cup chopped and drained ripe tomatoes 1 tablespoon Cajun seasoning 3/4 cup Monterey Jack Cheese 1/4 cup grated Parmesan 1/2 cup mayonnaise 3 tablespoons chopped fresh parsley 1 loaf French bread Directions : 1. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. 2. Rinse the crawfish. In a large skillet, melt the butter over medium heat. Add the garlic and cook for a few minutes. Add the tomatoes, Cajun seasoning and crawfish. Saute for 1 minute. Remove from the heat. 3. In a bowl, mix together the cheeses, mayonnaise and parsley. Add the tomato and crawfish mixture to the mayo mixture. 4. Cut the loaf of bread in half and then cut the bread lengthwise. Spoon the mixture on the bread and bake for 10 to 15 minutes. Then broil for an additional 3 to 5 minutes. Watch closely, as not to burn. 5. Cut the bread into individual portions and serve.",open_qa "Given a reference text about parks in Edina, determine the average size of its parks.","Edina's parkland and open space total more than 1,550 acres (6.3 km2). The Edina Park and Recreation Department oversees 44 parks, which include amenities such as baseball, football and soccer fields; softball diamonds; basketball and tennis courts; outdoor skating rinks; playground equipment for young children; and picnic shelters. The Department also maintains eight miles (13 km) of scenic pathways for bicycling, walking, jogging, cross-country skiing and snowshoeing.","Since there are 44 total parks and a total of 1,550 acres across all parks, the average size of each park would be about 35 acres, because 1,550 divided by 44 is 35 after rounding to the nearest whole number.",closed_qa "I am planning a trip to Super Mario world and want to know which of the following characters are part of the Super Mario Bros franchise and which are from other games. Princess Peach, Luigi, Bowser, Link, Inkling Boy, Captain Falcon, Koopa Troopa, and Kirby.",,"Princess Peach, Luigi, Bowser, and Koopa Troopa are part of the Super Mario Franchise. Link, Captain Falcon, and Kirby are from other Nintendo games.",classification Which is a species of fish? Boga or Bogata,,Boga,classification Are the Golden State Warriors a good basketball team?,,"The Golden State Warriors won the most recent NBA championship in 2022. In the last 8 years they reached the NBA finals 6 times, won 4 championships, and set the record for regular seasons wins with 73. Stephen Curry, the Warriors best player, also won the NBA Most Valuable Player award twice during that same span. This success is generally regarded as a dynasty, a term used to describe a dominating team over a long period. However, this season the Warriors have struggled. Despite winning the most recent NBA championship only 9 months ago, near the end of this regular season they are only a few games above .500. Their current record is 42-38 as of today, which is only the 13th best record in the NBA out of 30 teams. The reason for the drop is not clear. The Warriors have the same starting lineup as last year with 4 All-Stars and when playing at Home their record is among the best in the league. However, when playing on the road the Warriors have one of the worst records at 9-30. A big factor in their road losses is lack of good defense, as opposing teams score considerably more points against the Warriors than when the Warriors play at home. There seems to be a lack of focus and intensity from the Warriors players on defense in these away games and in the NBA, where the margin between winning and losing is very thin, that has seemed to make the difference.",open_qa "Which of the following animals live in the snow: Dog, Bonobos, Cat, Polar bear, Whale shark, Arctic fox, Orangutans, Snow leopard, Lion, Ocean sunfish, Koala, Cheetah, Beluga sturgeon, Orca, Gorillas, Camel, Hamsters, Penguins, Blue whale, Chimpanzee",,"There are some animals in that list that typically live in the snow! Polar bear, Arctic fox, Snow leopard and Penguins.",brainstorming Who are the rivals of the Air Force Falcons Football team?,"The academy's intercollegiate program has 17 men's and 10 women's NCAA sanctioned teams, nicknamed the Falcons. Men's teams compete in football, baseball, basketball, ice hockey, cross-country, fencing, golf, gymnastics, indoor and outdoor track, lacrosse, soccer, swimming and diving, tennis, water polo and wrestling. In 1991 the wrestling team won the WAC championship, which was the first ever by any USAFA sports team. Women's teams include basketball, cross-country, fencing, gymnastics, indoor and outdoor track, swimming and diving, soccer, tennis and volleyball. The Academy fields a coeducational team in rifle. In addition, the Academy also sponsors two non-NCAA programs: cheerleading and boxing. The Academy also has several club sports, such as rugby, that compete at an intercollegiate level outside of the NCAA. The men's and women's programs compete in NCAA's Division I, with the football team competing in Division I FBS. Most teams are in the Mountain West Conference; however, the wrestling team competes in the Big 12 Conference, the gymnastics teams compete in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation; the men's soccer team competes in the Western Athletic Conference; the men's hockey team competes in Atlantic Hockey, the water polo team competes in the Western Water Polo Association, the coeducational rifle team competes in the Patriot Rifle Conference, and as of the next lacrosse season in 2022, the men's lacrosse team competes in the ASUN Conference. The men's boxing team competes in the National Collegiate Boxing Association. For a number of years, only the men's teams competed in Division I. Women's teams competed in Division II and were once members of the Continental Divide Conference, then the Colorado Athletic Conference. With new NCAA legislation, beginning in 1996, women's teams also competed in Division I.[citation needed] Presentation of the Commander in Chief's Trophy to the Air Force Falcons, 2 May 2017 Air Force has traditional service academy rivalries with Navy and Army. The three service academies compete for the Commander-in-Chief's Trophy in football each year. Air Force Falcons football has had the best showing of the three, winning the trophy 18 of its 34 years. The Academy also has an in-state rivalry with Colorado State University, which is located in Fort Collins and is a fellow member of the Mountain West Conference.[citation needed] The boxing team, led for 31 years by Coach Ed Weichers, has won 18 national championships. The Academy's men's and women's rugby teams have each won multiple national championships and the women's side recently had two players selected for the United States national team. The football team has played in 17 bowl games and the basketball team has had strong showings in the last several years, qualifying for the NCAA tournament and, most recently, making the final four of the 2007 NIT Tournament. The men's ice hockey team won the last two Atlantic Hockey conference tournaments, made the first ever appearance by a service academy in the NCAA hockey tournament in 2007, and made a repeat appearance in 2008. The Air Force Academy's Men's Hockey team recently lost in the ""Elite Eight"" of hockey in double overtime. This marked the farthest they had gone in the post-season in school history and the longest an Atlantic Hockey Association team has made it into the post-season. The track and field team has had national and international success. Three women won Division II NCAA titles before the women's team moved to Division I competition: Gail Conway (outdoor 400 meters in 1983, outdoor 800 meters in 1984); Jill Wood (indoor 1500 meters in 1988); and Callie Calhoun (indoor and outdoor 3000 meters and outdoor 5000 meters in 1990, indoor 3000 meters and outdoor 10,000 meters in 1991). Three athletes have also won Division I NCAA outdoor titles: Jim Murphy in the 5000 meters in 1964, Dana Pounds in the javelin in 2005 and 2006, and Mahala Norris in the steeplechase in 2021. 1983 alumnus Alonzo Babers won gold medals in the 400 meters and the 4x400 meter relay at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games. In 2014, Academy Superintendent Lt. Gen. Michelle Johnson responded to reports of allegations of sexual assault and drug use at a December 2011 party by calling for a review of the athletic department by the inspector general.",The Air Force Academy Football team has a rivalry with Colorado State University as well as with Army and Navy.,closed_qa What are five channels for mass communications?,,"Mass communications involves sending single messages to large groups. Five examples of mass communication channels include television, radio, email, social media, and postal mails.",brainstorming "Classify each of the following cloud-based service as either AWS, Azure, or GCP: Redshift, Big Query, Lambda, Purview, Looker.",,"Redshift - AWS, Big Query - GCP, Lambda - AWS, Purview - Azure, Looker - GCP",classification "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Purussaurus, Albacore Tuna",,"Albacore Tuna is alive, Purussaurus is extinct.",classification "Would you typically find each of the following items in a bathroom, bedroom, kitchen or living room? Couch, pillow, dish soap, bedside table, oven, shower, toilet, coffee table, coffee machine",,"Couch: living room, pillow: bedroom, dish soap: kitchen, bedside table: bedroom, oven: kitchen, shower: bathroom, toilet: bathroom, coffee table: living room, coffee machine: kitchen",classification "Which of these could we use to feed our kid: apple, sandwich, beer, xanax, carrot, rock.",,"You can feed a kid with an apple, a sandwich and a carrot. You should absolutely not feed a kid a rock, beer nor xanax.",classification "I'm going to try a keto diet, which means I should prioritise fat and avoid carbs. Which of these foods should I prioritise and which should I avoid? rice, mayonnaise, avocado, pastry, olive oil, bread, cheese and crackers.",,"You should prioritise the following foods because they are high in fat: cheese, avocado, mayonnaise, olive oil. You should avoid the foods that are high in carbs, including: rice, bread, pastry, crackers",classification How long is a mile?,,"One mile is 5,280 feet.",open_qa What is the difference between Kuchipudi and Kathak dance forms of India?,,"Though both are Indian classical dance forms, the difference lies in their place of origin the associated music and mudras ( body movement). Kuchipudi originated in South Indian region of Andhra, is performed on Carnatic music, dance movement can have bending the knee. Kathak originated in North India regions of UP, Bihar, is performed on Gharana music, dance movement is fast involves lot of rotations but the knee is not bend",brainstorming "From the passage provided, extract when Susanna started as a principal.","Susanna Gossweiler (1740–1793), was a Swiss educator. She was appointed the first principal of the girls' school Töchterschule in Zürich in 1774, and regarded a pioneer of women's education in Switzerland.",Susanna started as a principal of Töchterschule in 1774.,information_extraction What was Elvis Presley's first No. 1 hit in the United States?,,"""Heartbreak Hotel"".",open_qa "Classify each of the following as straight or curved: banana, baseball bat, hook, rainbow, convex lens, ruler",,"Banana: Curved Baseball Bat: Straight Hook: Curved Rainbow: Curved Convex Lens: Curved Ruler: Straight",classification Make me a list of some countries I could visit if I wanted to take a beach vacation. Give me options in multiple timezones,,"Some different options you could visit include Greece, Mexico, Tahiti, Spain, Brazil and Costa Rica",brainstorming Which states produced more than 10% of total US oil production in 2020?,"The leading oil-producing area in the United States in 2019 was Texas (5.07 million barrels (806,000 m3) per day), followed by the offshore federal zone of the Gulf of Mexico (1.90 million barrels (302,000 m3) per day), North Dakota (1.42 million barrels (226,000 m3) per day) and New Mexico (0.90 million barrels (143,000 m3) per day). In 2020, the top five U.S. oil producing states were Texas (43%), North Dakota (10.4%), New Mexico (9.2%), Oklahoma (4.1%), and Colorado (4.0%).","Texas and North Dakota produced 43% and 10.4% of US oil in 2020, respectively.",closed_qa What are the primary breathing apparatuses for scuba,"Breathing apparatus Main article: Scuba set Recreational diver putting on his scuba set before diving The defining equipment used by a scuba diver is the eponymous scuba, the self-contained underwater breathing apparatus which allows the diver to breathe while diving, and is transported by the diver. It is also commonly referred to as the scuba set. As one descends, in addition to the normal atmospheric pressure at the surface, the water exerts increasing hydrostatic pressure of approximately 1 bar (14.7 pounds per square inch) for every 10 m (33 feet) of depth. The pressure of the inhaled breath must balance the surrounding or ambient pressure to allow controlled inflation of the lungs. It becomes virtually impossible to breathe air at normal atmospheric pressure through a tube below three feet under the water. Most recreational scuba diving is done using a half mask which covers the diver's eyes and nose, and a mouthpiece to supply the breathing gas from the demand valve or rebreather. Inhaling from a regulator's mouthpiece becomes second nature very quickly. The other common arrangement is a full face mask which covers the eyes, nose and mouth, and often allows the diver to breathe through the nose. Professional scuba divers are more likely to use full face masks, which protect the diver's airway if the diver loses consciousness. Open-circuit Main article: Diving regulator Aqualung Legend second stage (demand valve) regulator Aqualung first stage regulator Gekko dive computer with attached pressure gauge and compass Suunto submersible pressure gauge display Open circuit scuba has no provision for using the breathing gas more than once for respiration. The gas inhaled from the scuba equipment is exhaled to the environment, or occasionally into another item of equipment for a special purpose, usually to increase the buoyancy of a lifting device such as a buoyancy compensator, inflatable surface marker buoy or small lifting bag. The breathing gas is generally provided from a high-pressure diving cylinder through a scuba regulator. By always providing the appropriate breathing gas at ambient pressure, demand valve regulators ensure the diver can inhale and exhale naturally and without excessive effort, regardless of depth, as and when needed. The most commonly used scuba set uses a ""single-hose"" open circuit 2-stage demand regulator, connected to a single back-mounted high-pressure gas cylinder, with the first stage connected to the cylinder valve and the second stage at the mouthpiece. This arrangement differs from Émile Gagnan's and Jacques Cousteau's original 1942 ""twin-hose"" design, known as the Aqua-lung, in which the cylinder pressure was reduced to ambient pressure in one or two stages which were all in the housing mounted to the cylinder valve or manifold. The ""single-hose"" system has significant advantages over the original system for most applications. In the ""single-hose"" two-stage design, the first stage regulator reduces the cylinder pressure of up to about 300 bars (4,400 psi) to an intermediate pressure (IP) of about 8 to 10 bars (120 to 150 psi) above ambient pressure. The second stage demand valve regulator, supplied by a low-pressure hose from the first stage, delivers the breathing gas at ambient pressure to the diver's mouth. The exhaled gases are exhausted directly to the environment as waste through a non-return valve on the second stage housing. The first stage typically has at least one outlet port delivering gas at full tank pressure which is connected to the diver's submersible pressure gauge or dive computer, to show how much breathing gas remains in the cylinder. Rebreather An Inspiration electronic fully closed circuit rebreather Main article: Diving rebreather Less common are closed circuit (CCR) and semi-closed (SCR) rebreathers which, unlike open-circuit sets that vent off all exhaled gases, process all or part of each exhaled breath for re-use by removing the carbon dioxide and replacing the oxygen used by the diver. Rebreathers release few or no gas bubbles into the water, and use much less stored gas volume, for an equivalent depth and time because exhaled oxygen is recovered; this has advantages for research, military, photography, and other applications. Rebreathers are more complex and more expensive than open-circuit scuba, and special training and correct maintenance are required for them to be safely used, due to the larger variety of potential failure modes. In a closed-circuit rebreather the oxygen partial pressure in the rebreather is controlled, so it can be maintained at a safe continuous maximum, which reduces the inert gas (nitrogen and/or helium) partial pressure in the breathing loop. Minimising the inert gas loading of the diver's tissues for a given dive profile reduces the decompression obligation. This requires continuous monitoring of actual partial pressures with time and for maximum effectiveness requires real-time computer processing by the diver's decompression computer. Decompression can be much reduced compared to fixed ratio gas mixes used in other scuba systems and, as a result, divers can stay down longer or require less time to decompress. A semi-closed circuit rebreather injects a constant mass flow of a fixed breathing gas mixture into the breathing loop, or replaces a specific percentage of the respired volume, so the partial pressure of oxygen at any time during the dive depends on the diver's oxygen consumption and/or breathing rate. Planning decompression requirements requires a more conservative approach for a SCR than for a CCR, but decompression computers with a real-time oxygen partial pressure input can optimise decompression for these systems. Because rebreathers produce very few bubbles, they do not disturb marine life or make a diver's presence known at the surface; this is useful for underwater photography, and for covert work.",The most common breathing apparatus for Scuba Diving is an open circuit single hose 2-stage demand regulator connected to a single gas cylinder. A less common apparatus is a Closed Circuit or Semi-Closed rebreather.,information_extraction "If you were falling from an airplane and your parachute failed, list some things that you could try to increase your odds of surviving the fall.",,"1. Use the reserve parachute. 2. Try to untangle the primary parachute. 3. Spread your arms and legs to maximize wind resistance. 4. Aim for softer surfaces like bushes, snow, or tall grass. Avoid water or concrete. 5. Land with an impact posture that helps distribute force away from your head.",brainstorming what is the national language for India?,,"There is no national language for India. However, the constitution of India specifically mentions that the official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script.",open_qa What are the different names of Passover and what are the meanings?,,"Passover has four names identified in the Jewish bible, each highlighting a different aspect of the holiday. Holiday of Freedom. This name relates to the Bible story of the freeing of the Hebrew slaves from the Ancient Egyptian rulers. Holiday of Pesach (Lamb). This name relates to the offering made by the Hebrews before being freed, as well as the yearly offering made in honor of the holiday. Holiday of Matzah. This name relates to the unleavened bread eaten by the Hebrews while being freed, as well as the yearly offering made in honor of the holiday. Holiday of Spring. This name relates to the season in which the holiday is celebrated.",brainstorming What area in Washington is best known for its wine production?,,"The Columbia Valley American Viticultural Area, in the Columbia Valley Plateau of the central and southern regions of the state, is renowned for its wine production.",open_qa What are some examples of different types of beer?,,"Blonde, Pilsner, Ale, Lager, Pale Ale, India Pale Ale, Double India Pale Ale, Wheat, White, Hefeweizen, Sour",classification Give me a list of 5 well known Nordic Gods and Goddesses.,,"1. Odin: This is the supremest and considered greatest deity in Norse mythology. He is often referred as the god of war. 2. Thor: Thor was Odin's son. He was known for his strength, bravery and often referred as the god of thunder. 3. Freya: She was one of the most passionate goddesses. She was mainly associated with fertility and beauty. 4. Loki: Loki was often associated with mischief who can shift his shape to another form of animal. He also tricked some other gods to perform some undesirable acts. 5. Frigg: She was the wife of Odin and queen of Asgard who contained the power of divination.",brainstorming "Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Mercedes-Benz, Chevrolet",,"Chevrolet is American, Mercedes-Benz is German",classification Provide a bulleted list of things to think about when buying a house,,"The following are things to think about when buying a house: 1. Location 2. Purchase price and mortgage rates 3. Floor Plan / Layout 4. Design / Finishings 5. Garage space 6. Storage space 7. How long one plans to live there 8. Property taxes 9. Insurance rates 10. Maintenance costs",brainstorming What did Gertrude Townend do,,"Gertrude Catherine Townend was a British nurse and suffragette. She provided, with Nurse Catherine Pine, a care home for suffragettes recovering from imprisonment and force-feeding, and participated in suffragette gatherings.",open_qa "Which of the following animals is a mammal: Human, Dog, Elephants, Cat, Bats, Goat, Bears, Sheep, Wolf, Lion, Squirrel, Koala, Cheetah, Deer, Orca, Gorillas, Camel, Hamsters, Hedgehog, Blue whale, Chimpanzee",,"All of them are mammals! They have very distinct characteristics and live in different environments. However, it's characteristic of mammals that they have three middle ear bones, milk-producing mammary glands, neocortex brain regions, and fur or hair.",classification Recommend some good Dreampop music.,,"Beach House, Mazzy Star, Cocteau Twins, Japanese Breakfast and Lush are some popular Dreampop artists.",brainstorming What are the main ingredients of deviled eggs and what are some unique add-in ideas?,,"Traditional deviled eggs are made of boiled eggs with the yolk mixed with mayo and light seasoning. Some unique variations to try could include sriracha, avocado, bacon, jalapeno, relish, smoked salmon, curry, horseradish, dill, or feta cheese.",brainstorming Who asked Swami Vivekananda to come to Dakshineswar and in which year?,"Swami Vivekananda (/ˈswɑːmi ˌvɪveɪˈkɑːnəndə/; Bengali: [ʃami bibekanɔndo] (listen); 12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), born Narendranath Datta (Bengali: [nɔrendronatʰ dɔto]), was an Indian Hindu monk, philosopher, author, religious teacher, and the chief disciple of the Indian mystic Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa. He was a key figure in the introduction of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world and is credited with raising interfaith awareness, and bringing Hinduism to the status of a major world religion. Vivekananda became a popular figure after the 1893 Parliament of Religions in Chicago, where he began his famous speech with the words, ""Sisters and brothers of America...,"" before introducing Hinduism to Americans. He was so impactful at the Parliament that an American newspaper described him as “an orator by divine right and undoubtedly the greatest figure at the Parliament”. After great success at the Parliament, in the subsequent years, Vivekananda delivered hundreds of lectures across the United States, England and Europe, disseminating the core tenets of Hindu philosophy, and founded the Vedanta Society of New York and the Vedanta Society of San Francisco (now Vedanta Society of Northern California), both of which became the foundations for Vedanta Societies in the West. In 1881, Narendra first met Ramakrishna, who became his spiritual focus after his own father had died in 1884. Narendra's first introduction to Ramakrishna occurred in a literature class at General Assembly's Institution when he heard Professor William Hastie lecturing on William Wordsworth's poem, The Excursion. While explaining the word ""trance"" in the poem, Hastie suggested that his students visit Ramakrishna of Dakshineswar to understand the true meaning of trance. This prompted some of his students (including Narendra) to visit Ramakrishna. They probably first met personally in November 1881,[note 1] though Narendra did not consider this their first meeting, and neither man mentioned this meeting later. At this time, Narendra was preparing for his upcoming F. A. examination, when Ram Chandra Datta accompanied him to Surendra Nath Mitra's, house where Ramakrishna was invited to deliver a lecture. According to Makarand Paranjape, at this meeting Ramakrishna asked young Narendra to sing. Impressed by his singing talent, he asked Narendra to come to Dakshineshwar. In late 1881 or early 1882, Narendra went to Dakshineswar with two friends and met Ramakrishna. This meeting proved to be a turning point in his life. Although he did not initially accept Ramakrishna as his teacher and rebelled against his ideas, he was attracted by his personality and began to frequently visit him at Dakshineswar. He initially saw Ramakrishna's ecstasies and visions as ""mere figments of imagination"" and ""hallucinations"". As a member of Brahmo Samaj, he opposed idol worship, polytheism and Ramakrishna's worship of Kali. He even rejected the Advaita Vedanta of ""identity with the absolute"" as blasphemy and madness, and often ridiculed the idea. Narendra tested Ramakrishna, who faced his arguments patiently: ""Try to see the truth from all angles"", he replied. Narendra's father's sudden death in 1884 left the family bankrupt; creditors began demanding the repayment of loans, and relatives threatened to evict the family from their ancestral home. Narendra, once a son of a well-to-do family, became one of the poorest students in his college. He unsuccessfully tried to find work and questioned God's existence, but found solace in Ramakrishna and his visits to Dakshineswar increased. One day, Narendra requested Ramakrishna to pray to goddess Kali for their family's financial welfare. Ramakrishna instead suggested him to go to the temple himself and pray. Following Ramakrishna's suggestion, he went to the temple thrice, but failed to pray for any kind of worldly necessities and ultimately prayed for true knowledge and devotion from the goddess. Narendra gradually grew ready to renounce everything for the sake of realising God, and accepted Ramakrishna as his Guru. In 1885, Ramakrishna developed throat cancer, and was transferred to Calcutta and (later) to a garden house in Cossipore. Narendra and Ramakrishna's other disciples took care of him during his last days, and Narendra's spiritual education continued. At Cossipore, he experienced Nirvikalpa samadhi. Narendra and several other disciples received ochre robes from Ramakrishna, forming his first monastic order. He was taught that service to men was the most effective worship of God. Ramakrishna asked him to care of the other monastic disciples, and in turn asked them to see Narendra as their leader. Ramakrishna died in the early-morning hours of 16 August 1886 in Cossipore.","In 1881, Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa asked Swami Vivekananda to come to Dakshineswar",closed_qa Name some of the most well known soccer players in the world,,"While the best soccer players are a topic of regular debate among fans of the sport, the general consensus is that the most popular players known throughout the world are: Lionel Messi (Argentina), Cristiano Ronaldo (Portugal), Pele (Brazil) and Diego Maradona (Argentina). Diego Maradona and Pele were both known worldwide as top talents in an earlier era, helping drive the growth of the biggest sport in the world and consequently leading their club teams and nations to trophies. Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo also achieved incredible success, doing so during the rise of social media. Both Lionel and Cristiano have grown to 400+ million social media followers in different platforms-- putting them as some of the most followed individuals in the world.",open_qa Was Furze Hill an established community in the 19th century?,"Furze Hill (or Furzehill) is a hamlet situated in the New Forest National Park of Hampshire, England. It is in the civil parish of Ellingham, Harbridge and Ibsley. Its nearest town is Fordingbridge, which lies approximately 3.1 miles (5.2 km) north-west from the hamlet. Furze Hill is a hamlet in the civil parish of Hyde. It is situated on low ground on either side of Huckles Brook on the South Gorley to Ogdens road. The houses are surrounded by fields and paddocks. Additional houses can be found at the southern edge of Gorley Common lining a narrow track to North Gorley. Furze Hill is the most recent settlement in the parish of Hyde, becoming an established community only in the 20th century.","No, it was not an established community until the 20th century.",closed_qa Who designed Augusta National?,,"Augusta National was designed by Bobby Jones and Alister MacKenzie. Bobby Jones had heard about MacKenzie's prowess for designing golf courses and loved his design of Pasatiempo in Santa Cruz, CA. He visited MacKenzie at his course in Santa Cruz and asked him to partner with him in designing the world renowned Augusta National.",open_qa What is America's oldest brewery?,,D.G. Yuengling and Son is the oldest recognized brewery in America.,open_qa How do you throw a cutter in baseball?,,"A cutter is a pitch in baseball with action and movement similar to a hybrid between a fastball and a slider. Perhaps the most famous cutter pitcher in baseball history, a closer from the New York Yankees named, Mariano Rivera, used the cutter exclusively all the way to the hall of fame. The cutter is thrown like a fastball, but with a ""football"" throwing arm action where the pitcher's palm faces their opposing arm as they release the pitch. Grips for the cutter can vary, however, the keys are to hold the middle of the baseball, cross the seems at an angle similar to a slider and be sure not to turn or twist on release. With this approach, the cutter is a pitch safe for youth baseball as young as age 9 and can be effective all the way to the World Series as demonstrated by Mariano Rivera.",open_qa Tell me which is a language and which is a type of people: Malayali & Malayalam,,Malayali is a people. Malayalam is the language Malayali people speak.,classification What is the difference between open-toed and close-toed shoes?,,"Open-toed shoes refer to footwear that exposes the toes. They can reveal just the toes (think of a show with the toe portion cut out) or the entire foot (e.g., sandals). Closed toe shoes are any shoes that cover the toes.",open_qa Who is the youngest Stark child in Game of Thrones TV show?,,Rickon Stark is the youngest Stark,open_qa What are some iconic Renaissance period artists?,,"The Renaissance period had a lot of iconic artists. The following are some of the most iconic: - Donatello (1386-1466). Born in Florence, he studied classical sculpture and used this to develop a complete Renaissance style in sculpture. - Sandro Boticelli (1445-1510). His paintings have been seen to represent the linear grace of late Italian Gothic and some Early Renaissance painting, even though they date from the latter half of the Italian Renaissance period. - Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). He was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. - Michelangelo (1475-1564). He was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance. - Raphael (1483-1520). Raphael was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. - Caravaggio (1571-1610). Caravaggio was an Italian painter active in Rome for most of his artistic life.",brainstorming What are some guidelines or rules for allowing a teen to use a mobile phone?,,"Advise the teen that the phone use is a privilege The phone will be monitored Phone passwords must be disclosed Permission to install apps must be obtained from parent Parental controls will be placed on the phone The phone can only be used by you and not any friends/others The phone use is restricted to certain times of the day",creative_writing "Given a reference text about Chadwick, Illinois, tell me median family income and the percent of families below the poverty line.","Chadwick is a village in Carroll County, Illinois, United States. The population was 481 at the 2020 census, down from 551 at the 2010 census. Geography Chadwick is located at 42°0′51″N 89°53′21″W (42.014081, -89.889078). According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Chadwick has a total area of 0.31 square miles (0.80 km2), all land. Demographics As of the 2020 census there were 481 people, 256 households, and 163 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,546.62 inhabitants per square mile (597.15/km2). There were 246 housing units at an average density of 791.00 per square mile (305.41/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 96.67% White, 0.42% African American, 0.62% Asian, and 2.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.49% of the population. There were 256 households, out of which 30.86% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.95% were married couples living together, 5.08% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.33% were non-families. 31.25% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.55% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 2.07. The village's age distribution consisted of 15.5% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 19.2% from 25 to 44, 35.5% from 45 to 64, and 23.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 128.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 125.8 males. The median income for a household in the village was $50,000, and the median income for a family was $57,039. Males had a median income of $36,908 versus $25,652 for females. The per capita income for the village was $27,324. About 3.7% of families and 4.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.0% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.","The median family income in Chadwick, Illinois is $57,039 and about 3.7% of families live below the poverty line.",closed_qa "What are 5 things to do in Taveuni, Fiji?",,"Here are 5 things to do when visiting Taveuni, Fiji: 1. Go scuba diving in the world-famous rainbow reef to experience the biodiversity of Fiji’s marine life. 2. Go to the Waitavala Waterslide or ‘Sliding Rock’ to experience a natural rock waterslide. 3. Visit Tavoro Falls at Bouma National Park for a beautiful hike through the Fijian jungle to 3 separate waterfalls. 4. Experience local Fijian cuisine and enjoy the sunset while having dinner at Tramonto. 5. Enjoy relaxing on one of many of the beautiful white sand beaches the island has to offer.",brainstorming What are the top attractions to visit in Cancun?,,"Cancun is divided into two areas. Downtown, also known as Ciudad Cancun — and Cancun Island, also known as The Hotel Zone or “Zona Hotelera”. The Hotel Zone is the primary tourist area, synonymous with resorts, catamarans, wild nightlife and beaches. It’s a 15-mile strip of sand shaped like the number seven. This is where most people stay. As the name implies, there are tons of hotels as well as most of the nightlife and beaches. Restaurants and bars line the only road, Kulkukan Boulevard, which runs from one side of the Hotel Zone to the other. Apart from the Hotel Zone, the other visiting places are: 1. Any of the All inclusive resorts like XCaret, Hotel Ziva and Grand Sirenis etc. 2. Visit Downtown Cancun to explore local culture and delicious street food 3. Snorkeling or Paragliding near Cancun 4. Exploring amazing Cenotes- Cenotes are natural sinkholes filled with water formed in limestone caves 5. Explore Chichen Itza Maya Ruins - Chichen Itza Maya Ruins are amazing ancient pyramids dates back to 5th century. 6. Day Trip to Isla Mujeres - Isla Mujeres, which translates to “The Island of Women”, gets its name from the temple of Ixchel, the Maya goddess of fertility. This small island is only 20 minutes from Cancun by ferry from Hotel Zone.Isla Mujeres offers stunning views thanks to its rocky coast and gorgeous bays. It is also the first spot where you can see the sunrise in Mexico. This sleepy fishing village offers a well-deserved pause from the crazy nightlife of Cancun",brainstorming "Classify each of the following as either a type of donut or a fruit candy brand: old-fashioned, Skittles, Mamba, maple bar, sprinkles, raised, Starburst, cruller, bear claw, apple fritter, Airheads",,"Donut: old-fashioned, maple bar, sprinkles, raised, cruller, bear claw, apple fritter Fruit candy brand: Skittles, Mamba, Starburst, Airheads",classification "Given this text, summarize the major events in Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 game development and release.","Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 is a 2009 first-person shooter game developed by Infinity Ward and published by Activision. It is the sixth installment in the Call of Duty series and the direct sequel to Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare. It was released worldwide on November 10, 2009, for Microsoft Windows, the PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360. A separate version for the Nintendo DS, titled Modern Warfare: Mobilized, was also released on the same day. A version for macOS was developed by Aspyr and released in May 2014, and the Xbox 360 version was made backward compatible for the Xbox One in 2018. The game's campaign follows Task Force 141, a multi-national special forces unit commanded by Captain Soap MacTavish as they hunt Vladimir Makarov, leader of the Russian Ultranationalist party, and U.S. Army Rangers from 1st Battalion/75th Ranger Regiment who are defending the Washington, D.C. area from a Russian invasion. The game's main playable characters are Sergeant Gary ""Roach"" Sanderson, of the 141, and Private James Ramirez, of the Army Rangers, with Captain MacTavish becoming playable later in the campaign. An expansive multiplayer mode is featured in the game, with several new features and modes that were not seen in its predecessor. Development for the game began in 2008, when it was still known as Call of Duty 6. It uses the IW 4.0 engine, an improved version of Call of Duty 4's IW 3.0. Infinity Ward was inspired by real-life conflicts when developing the campaign mode. They initially tested the multiplayer mode by playing an in-house beta version of the game. Modern Warfare 2 was officially announced in February 2009. Teasing of the game began in March, with short trailers being released for the game and, eventually, a full reveal trailer. The multiplayer mode was revealed shortly after. Two downloadable content packs were released for it post-release, each containing five new multiplayer maps, with some being remastered maps from Call of Duty 4. Modern Warfare 2 received universal acclaim, with praise for its campaign, multiplayer, and amount of content, although it received some criticism for its short length and a lack of innovation. Within 24 hours of release, the game sold approximately 4.7 million copies in North America and the United Kingdom. As of 2013, the game had sold 22.7 million copies. In addition to its release, a comic book series based on character Simon ""Ghost"" Riley was also produced, titled Modern Warfare 2: Ghost. Despite the game's success, it was subject to some controversies, with one surrounding a playable level that had the player carry out a terror attack on an airport. A sequel, Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3, was released in 2011 and finishes the original Modern Warfare storyline. A remaster of the game's campaign, Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 Campaign Remastered, was released in March 2020 on the PlayStation 4 and on Microsoft Windows and Xbox One in April 2020.","2008: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 development began Feb. 2009: officially announced March 2009: game testing bagan Nov. 10, 2009: released worldwide for Microsoft Windows, the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. 2014: released for macOS 2018: released for Xbox One March 2020: a remastered version is released on the PlayStation 4 April 2020: a remastered version is released on Microsoft WIndows and Xbox One",closed_qa Which trophies have West Ham won?,"West Ham have been winners of the FA Cup three times (1964, 1975 and 1980) and runners-up twice (1923 and 2006). The club have reached two major European finals, winning the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1965 and finishing runners-up in the same competition in 1976. West Ham also won the Intertoto Cup in 1999. They are one of eight clubs never to have fallen below the second tier of English football, spending 63 of 95 league seasons in the top flight, up to and including the 2020–21 season. The club's highest league position to date came in 1985–86, when they achieved third place in the then First Division.","West Ham won the FA Cup in 1964, 1975 and 1980. They won the European Cup Winner's Cup in 1965 and the Intertoto cup in 1999.",summarization What are some of the popular monuments in India?,,"Some of the popular monuments in India are: Taj Mahal : The Taj Mahal is a white marble mausoleum commissioned by Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal Emperor, in 1631. It was built in memory of, and to house the tomb of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is located on the right bank of the Yamuna River in a vast Mughal garden that encompasses nearly 17 hectares, in the Agra District in Uttar Pradesh. Qutab Minar : The Qutab Minar is a 72.5m tall red sandstone tower located in the south of Delhi. The Minar is surrounded by a complex of gardens, mosques and other buildings like one of the Ashoka pillars.",open_qa Complete the joke 'A Large Language Model enters a bar',,"A Large Language Model enters a bar and asks the bartender. ""Hey ho buddy. How are you?"" Bartender smirks and says, ""75 kilos"". LLM: ""What do you mean?"" Bartender: ""Well, every LLM worth his weight in booze keeps asking me to share my weights.""",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ekwe, Balalaika",,"Balalaika is string, Ekwe is percussion.",classification Name a few cities worldwide where traffic congestion is an issue,,"Los Angeles, Mumbai, Manila, Jakarta, Bangkok, Sao Paulo",open_qa "Classify each of the following as a novel or poem: ""A Silvia"", ""L'Infinito"" , ""I Promessi Sposi""",,""" A Silvia"" is a poem, "" L'Infinito"" is a poem, "" I Promessi Sposi"" is a novel",classification How many episodes of the first season of Game of Thrones did Alan Taylor direct?,,Alan Taylor directed the last two episodes of the first season of Game of Thrones: Baelor and Fire and Blood.,open_qa "I am planning a trip to Spain. I am interested in culture, museums and art, but I also want to go to the beach and have great food. What are 5 places that I should definitely visit?",,"Spain is a large country where you can find all of those things. This would be my top 5, but there are many other places that are worth it. Since you are not specifying the time you will spend in Spain, I will exclude the islands (Balearic Islands and Canary Islands) from the list: - Madrid: the capital city of Spain has some of the top museums in Europe, like the Prado or the Reina Sofia Museums. It is a city with a great atmosphere, and has some of the best restaurants in the country. - Barcelona: a mediterranean global city with a lot to offer - from Antonio Gaudi's architectural masterpieces to beaches and awesome views of the Mediterranean sea. - Galicia: a region located in northwestern Spain. Not very touristic, but with amazing places like Santiago de Compostela, and amazing restaurants and gastronomy. - Sevilla: the largest city in Southern Spain, full of history, museums and amazing places to eat. - Costa del Sol: one of the best places in Spain to visit the beach and get some sunlight. As its name states (Sun Coast), you will get sunny weather all year round.",creative_writing "Classify each instrument as a woodwind, string, brass, or percussion: trumpet, violin, oboe, french horn, bassoon, cymbal, cello, clarinet, trombone, triangle, piccolo, flute, harp, tuba, snare drum",,"A violin, cello, and harp are classified as a string instrument. An oboe, bassoon, clarinet, piccolo, and flute are classified as a woodwind instrument. A trumpet, french horn, trombone, and tuba are classified as a brass instrument. A triangle, cymbal, and snare drum are classified as a percussion instrument.",classification Who is Michael Jackson?,"Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and philanthropist. Dubbed the ""King of Pop"", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century.","Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and philanthropist. Dubbed the ""King of Pop"", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century. Over a four-decade career, his contributions to music, dance, and fashion, along with his publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture. Jackson influenced artists across many music genres; through stage and video performances, he popularized complicated dance moves such as the moonwalk, to which he gave the name, as well as the robot. The eighth child of the Jackson family, Jackson made his public debut in 1964 with his older brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5 (later known as the Jacksons). Jackson began his solo career in 1971 while at Motown Records. He became a solo star with his 1979 album Off the Wall. His music videos, including those for ""Beat It"", ""Billie Jean"", and ""Thriller"" from his 1982 album Thriller, are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an artform and promotional tool. He helped propel the success of MTV and continued to innovate with videos for the albums Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995), and Invincible (2001). Thriller became the best-selling album of all time, while Bad was the first album to produce five US Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles. From the late 1980s, Jackson became a figure of controversy and speculation due to his changing appearance, relationships, behavior, and lifestyle. In 1993, he was accused of sexually abusing the child of a family friend. The lawsuit was settled out of civil court; Jackson was not indicted due to lack of evidence. In 2005, he was tried and acquitted of further child sexual abuse allegations and several other charges. The FBI found no evidence of criminal conduct by Jackson in either case. In 2009, while he was preparing for a series of comeback concerts, This Is It, Jackson died from an overdose of propofol administered by his personal physician, Conrad Murray, who was convicted in 2011 of involuntary manslaughter. His death triggered reactions around the world, creating unprecedented surges of Internet traffic and a spike in sales of his music. A televised memorial service for Jackson, held at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, was viewed by more than an estimated 2.5 billion people globally. Jackson is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, with estimated sales of over 400 million records worldwide. He had 13 Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles (third highest of any artist in the Hot 100 era) and was the first artist to have a top-ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades. His honors include 15 Grammy Awards, 6 Brit Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and 39 Guinness World Records, including the ""Most Successful Entertainer of All Time"". Jackson's inductions include the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (twice), the Vocal Group Hall of Fame, the Songwriters Hall of Fame, the Dance Hall of Fame (the only recording artist to be inducted), and the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame.",summarization Which companies have the Paypal Mafia founded?,"The ""PayPal Mafia"" is a group of former PayPal employees and founders who have since founded and/or developed additional technology companies such as Tesla, Inc., LinkedIn, Palantir Technologies, SpaceX, Affirm, Slide, Kiva, YouTube, Yelp, and Yammer. Most of the members attended Stanford University or University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign at some point in their studies.","Tesla, Inc., LinkedIn, Palantir Technologies, SpaceX, Affirm, Slide, Kiva, YouTube, Yelp, and Yammer",summarization "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cabasa, Huqin",,"Huqin is string, Cabasa is percussion.",classification What is a baseball hat?,,"A baseball hat is a fabric hat with a bill on the front that shades the eyes from the sun. It is referred to as a baseball hat because all baseball players wear this style of hat while in the field playing defense, and they have their team’s logo on the front of the hat. Many people, however, refer to a hat as a baseball hat if it is a fabric material with a front bill, even if it does not have the logo of a baseball team on the front.",open_qa Name some fruits that have red skin.,,"Strawberries, Cherries, Dragonfruit and Apples all have red skin.",brainstorming What are the healthiest cooking methods for preparing meals?,,"Steaming - cooking food by exposing retains nutrients and flavor. Boiling - A healthy cooking method but boiling for too long causes the loss of some nutrients. Grilling - cooking food over an open flame allows surplus fat to drip from the food. Baking and roasting - involve cooking in an oven, which can retain nutrients and flavors. Stir-frying - A healthy method of cooking food in high heat. Poaching - involves cooking food in liquid at a low temperature. The healthiest cooking methods involve minimal added fats, salt, and sugar.",brainstorming Which of the current Girl Scout cookies is based on one of the original Girl Scout cookies?,,Trefoils are based on the original shortbread recipe,open_qa Please give me a brief history of the Edinburgh Central Library?,"Today there are 28 public libraries in Edinburgh but, as the first to open in the Scottish capital, the creation of Central Library was funded with £50,000 by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. At the opening ceremony a telegram from Carnegie was read out stating: ""We trust that this Library is to grow in usefulness year after year, and prove one of the most potent agencies for the good of the people for all time to come."" The site selected for the library was the former home of Sir Thomas Hope, 1st Baronet Hope of Craighall, advocate for King Charles I. The structure, built in 1616, was demolished in March 1887 to make way for the library. The lintel from Hope's home, bearing the carved inscription TECUM HABITA 1616 from the fourth satire of Persius, is preserved above an inner doorway of the library. Carnegie's funding was initially an offer of £25,000 in 1886 which was doubled, overcoming prior opposition to the establishment of a public library, the city—last of those to do so in Scotland—adopted the Public Libraries Act and on 9 July 1887, Carnegie laid the foundation stone of architect George Washington Browne's French Renaissance-styled building. Washington Browne's design was the winning entry in the architectural competition for the new library and was selected from 37 submissions. His grand building stands three levels tall above George IV Bridge and reaches down to the Cowgate below, spanning the disjointed streets of Edinburgh's Old Town. Above the main door is the motto, ""Let there be Light"" which Carnegie insisted was placed above the entrance to every library he funded. The facade of Central Library is also decorated with stone carvings depicting the coat of arms of the City of Edinburgh, Coat of Arms of Scotland and the Royal Arms. There are nine small square reliefs relating to printers and a large sculpture of Caledonia by Alexander Handyside Ritchie. Records for 1890, the first full year the library was open, show that over 440,000 book loans were issued. Central library has been adapted and expanded many times over the years. Only a year after opening the library was already running out of space and a book store was added in 1903. By 1928, the library was short of space again. Proposals were made for a better use of the space and a public lift was installed. In 1930, the adjacent building at no.3 George IV Bridge was acquired allowing the library to expand again. Further nearby premises were bought in the 1940s and in 1961, a mezzanine level was created above the former Newspaper Room. In May 2014, the new children's and music libraries were opened within the main library building. These had previously been housed in a separate building on George IV Bridge. The children's library features a wall graphic by award-winning children's book illustrator Catherine Rayner. In November 2017, on the 100th anniversary of her death, a memorial to Dr Elsie Inglis, the founder of the Scottish Women's Hospitals, was unveiled at Central Library.","The Edinburgh Central Library was opened in 1890 on the site of the former home of Sir Thomas Hope, 1st Baronet Hope of Craighal with funding from Andrew Carnegie as part of the the Public Libraries Act. The building was designed by architect Washington Browne and stands three levels tall above George IV Bridge in the disjointed streets of Edinburgh's Old Town. Above the main door is the motto, ""Let there be Light"" which Carnegie insisted was placed above the entrance to every library he funded. The Central library has expanded many times over the years with the addition of a book store in 1903. In 1930, the adjacent building at no.3 George IV Bridge was acquired allowing the library to expand again. Additional nearby premises were bought in 1940 and 1961 to create mezzanine level above the former Newspaper Room.",summarization "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Pambai, Steel Guitar",,"Steel Guitar is string, Pambai is percussion",classification Extract the names of the the Handler family from these passages,"Ruth Handler watched her daughter Barbara play with paper dolls, and noticed that she often enjoyed giving them adult roles. At the time, most children's toy dolls were representations of infants. Realizing that there could be a gap in the market, Handler suggested the idea of an adult-bodied doll to her husband Elliot, a co-founder of the Mattel toy company. He was unenthusiastic about the idea, as were Mattel's directors. During a trip to Europe in 1956 with her children Barbara and Kenneth, Ruth Handler came across a German toy doll called Bild Lilli. The adult-figured doll was exactly what Handler had in mind, so she purchased three of them. She gave one to her daughter and took the others back to Mattel. The Lilli doll was based on a popular character appearing in a comic strip drawn by Reinhard Beuthin for the newspaper Bild. Lilli was a blonde bombshell, a working girl who knew what she wanted and was not above using men to get it. The Lilli doll was first sold in Germany in 1955, and although it was initially sold to adults, it became popular with children who enjoyed dressing her up in outfits that were available separately.","Ruth Handler, Barbara Handler, Elliot Handler, Kenneth Handler",information_extraction What are the best complex board games for two players?,,"Here are some of the best complex, strategic games that play well with two players: - Chess - Hive - Go - Targi - Star Wars: Rebellion - Twilight Struggle - Agricola - Food Chain Magnate - Brass: Birmingham - The Gallerist - Innovation - Fields of Arle - War of the Ring - Madeira",brainstorming In English do adjectives go before or after nouns they describe?,,In English adjectives precede the item they are describing,open_qa "Classify each of these vehicles, based on whether they are two wheel vehicles, or four wheels vehicles: car, Gyrocar, van, motorbike, scooter, all-terrain vehicle (ATV), bicycle and Segway.",,"Vehicles with two wheels include: bicycle, motorbike, scooter, Gyrocar, and Segway. Vehicles with four wheels include: car, van, all-terrain vehicle (ATV)",classification "classify these as kitchen or bathroom items: toothpaste, pan, pots, spoons, shampoo, dish soap, bath soap, bath bombs, plates, oven mitts, cups, toilet paper",,"Kitchen items: pan, pots, spoons, dish soap, plates, oven mitts, cups Bathroom items: toothpaste, shampoo, bath soap, bath bombs, toilet paper",classification Who is Sasha? How does her life compare to Becky?,"A lonely twentysomething, Becky Green, becomes obsessed with the suicide of her estranged childhood friend Chloe and assumes a new identity as Sasha to engineer a ""chance"" meeting with Chloe's best friend, Livia, at an art event, followed by another run-in at a yoga class. Sasha then infiltrates Chloe's group of close-knit friends. She also gains a job outside her genuine work experience through Livia's contacts as she attempts to discover why Chloe died. Through her new alter-ego, she leads a life that is far more exciting than her life as Becky. A series of flashbacks reveals that Becky had two missed calls from Chloe minutes before her death. As Sasha, Becky eventually uncovers the truth of Chloe’s clandestine activities she has hidden from her husband and friends. Becky starts an affair with Chloe's widowed husband, Elliot; whereas the rest of the group including Elliot's mother disapproves of their relationship. Elliot decides to run for election, Becky and Livia run his campaign along with Elliot's friend Nish.","Sasha is a new identity assumed by Becky in order to engineer a ""chance"" meeting with Chloe's best friend, Livia, at an art event, followed by another run-in at a yoga class. Becky continues to live life as both Becky and Sasha. Sasha infiltrates Chloe's group of close-knit friends and ends up gaining a job outside her genuine work experience. Sasha leads a life that is far more exciting than her life as Becky.",closed_qa What is the difference between benefits and compensation?,,"Benefits are typically the medical benefits and coverage you have. For example, when you go to the doctor, insurance covers some of the cost. This is a benefit offered to you by your employer. However, benefits can also include things like a wellness reimbursement. Some companies offer benefits for employees to submit reimbursement for things like running shoes, a massage or the use of a mental health counselor. Compensation is the money you are paid for doing your job. This includes your base salary and any additional compensation you may receive such as commissions or a bonus.",open_qa What are the different phases in systems development life cycle?,"Systems development life cycle Article Talk Read Edit View history Tools From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about systems development life cycle. For the IBM's computer communication protocol, see Synchronous Data Link Control. Model of the software development life cycle, highlighting the maintenance phase In systems engineering, information systems and software engineering, the systems development life cycle (SDLC), also referred to as the application development life cycle, is a process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system. The SDLC concept applies to a range of hardware and software configurations, as a system can be composed of hardware only, software only, or a combination of both. There are usually six stages in this cycle: requirement analysis, design, development and testing, implementation, documentation, and evaluation. Overview A systems development life cycle is composed of distinct work phases that are used by systems engineers and systems developers to deliver information systems. Like anything that is manufactured on an assembly line, an SDLC aims to produce high-quality systems that meet or exceed expectations, based on requirements, by delivering systems within scheduled time frames and cost estimates. Computer systems are complex and often link components with varying origins. Various SDLC methodologies have been created, such as waterfall, spiral, agile, rapid prototyping, incremental, and synchronize and stabilize. SDLC methodologies fit within a flexibility spectrum ranging from agile to iterative to sequential. Agile methodologies, such as XP and Scrum, focus on lightweight processes that allow for rapid changes. Iterative methodologies, such as Rational Unified Process and dynamic systems development method, focus on stabilizing project scope and iteratively expanding or improving products. Sequential or big-design-up-front (BDUF) models, such as waterfall, focus on complete and correct planning to guide larger projects and limit risks to successful and predictable results.[citation needed] Anamorphic development is guided by project scope and adaptive iterations. In project management a project can include both a project life cycle (PLC) and an SDLC, during which somewhat different activities occur. According to Taylor (2004), ""the project life cycle encompasses all the activities of the project, while the systems development life cycle focuses on realizing the product requirements"". SDLC is not a methodology per se, but rather a description of the phases that a methodology should address. The list of phases is not definitive, but typically includes planning, analysis, design, build, test, implement, and maintenance/support. In the Scrum framework, for example, one could say a single user story goes through all the phases of the SDLC within a two-week sprint. By contrast the waterfall methodology, where every business requirement[citation needed] is translated into feature/functional descriptions which are then all implemented typically over a period of months or longer.[citation needed] History According to Elliott & Strachan & Radford (2004), SDLC ""originated in the 1960s, to develop large scale functional business systems in an age of large scale business conglomerates. Information systems activities revolved around heavy data processing and number crunching routines"". The structured systems analysis and design method (SSADM) was produced for the UK government Office of Government Commerce in the 1980s. Ever since, according to Elliott (2004), ""the traditional life cycle approaches to systems development have been increasingly replaced with alternative approaches and frameworks, which attempted to overcome some of the inherent deficiencies of the traditional SDLC"". Models A ten-phase version of the systems development life cycle SDLC provides a set of phases/steps/activities for system designers and developers to follow. Each phase builds on the results of the previous one. Not every project requires that the phases be sequential. For smaller, simpler projects, phases may be combined/overlap. Waterfall The oldest and best known is the waterfall model, which uses a linear sequence of steps. Waterfall has different varieties. One variety is as follows: Preliminary analysis Conduct with a preliminary analysis, consider alternative solutions, estimate costs and benefits, and submit a preliminary plan with recommendations. Conduct preliminary analysis: Identify the organization's objectives and define the nature and scope of the project. Ensure that the project fits with the objectives. Consider alternative solutions: Alternatives may come from interviewing employees, clients, suppliers, and consultants, as well as competitive analysis. Cost-benefit analysis: Analyze the costs and benefits of the project. Systems analysis, requirements definition Decompose project goals[clarification needed] into defined functions and operations. This involves gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems, and recommending changes. Analyze end-user information needs and resolve inconsistencies and incompleteness: Collect facts: Obtain end-user requirements by document review, client interviews, observation, and questionnaires. Scrutinize existing system(s): Identify pros and cons. Analyze the proposed system: Find solutions to issues and prepare specifications, incorporating appropriate user proposals. Systems design At this step, desired features and operations are detailed, including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudocode, and other deliverables. Development Write the code. Integration and testing Assemble the modules in a testing environment. Check for errors, bugs, and interoperability. Acceptance, installation, deployment Put the system into production. This may involve training users, deploying hardware, and loading information from the prior system. Maintenance Monitor the system to assess its ongoing fitness. Make modest changes and fixes as needed. Evaluation The system and the process are reviewed. Relevant questions include whether the newly implemented system meets requirements and achieves project goals, whether the system is usable, reliable/available, properly scaled and fault-tolerant. Process checks include review of timelines and expenses, as well as user acceptance. Disposal At end of life, plans are developed for discontinuing the system and transitioning to its replacement. Related information and infrastructure must be repurposed, archived, discarded, or destroyed, while appropriately protecting security. In the following diagram, these stages of the are divided into ten steps, from definition to creation and modification of IT work products: Systems analysis and design Systems analysis and design (SAD) can be considered a meta-development activity, which serves to set the stage and bound the problem. SAD can help balance competing high-level requirements. SAD interacts with distributed enterprise architecture, enterprise I.T. Architecture, and business architecture, and relies heavily on concepts such as partitioning, interfaces, personae and roles, and deployment/operational modeling to arrive at a high-level system description. This high-level description is then broken down into the components and modules which can be analyzed, designed, and constructed separately and integrated to accomplish the business goal. SDLC and SAD are cornerstones of full life cycle product and system planning. Object-oriented analysis and design Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) is the process of analyzing a problem domain to develop a conceptual model that can then be used to guide development. During the analysis phase, a programmer develops written requirements and a formal vision document via interviews with stakeholders. The conceptual model that results from OOAD typically consists of use cases, and class and interaction diagrams. It may also include a user interface mock-up. An output artifact does not need to be completely defined to serve as input of object-oriented design; analysis and design may occur in parallel. In practice the results of one activity can feed the other in an iterative process. Some typical input artifacts for OOAD: Conceptual model: A conceptual model is the result of object-oriented analysis. It captures concepts in the problem domain. The conceptual model is explicitly independent of implementation details. Use cases: A use case is a description of sequences of events that, taken together, complete a required task. Each use case provides scenarios that convey how the system should interact with actors (users). Actors may be end users or other systems. Use cases may further elaborated using diagrams. Such diagrams identify the actor and the processes they perform. System Sequence Diagram: A System Sequence diagrams (SSD) is a picture that shows, for a particular use case, the events that actors generate, their order, including inter-system events. User interface document: Document that shows and describes the user interface. Data model: A data model describes how data elements relate to each other. The data model is created before the design phase. Object-oriented designs map directly from the data model. Relational designs are more involved. System lifecycle The system lifecycle is a view of a system or proposed system that addresses all phases of its existence to include system conception, design and development, production and/or construction, distribution, operation, maintenance and support, retirement, phase-out, and disposal. Conceptual design The conceptual design stage is the stage where an identified need is examined, requirements for potential solutions are defined, potential solutions are evaluated, and a system specification is developed. The system specification represents the technical requirements that will provide overall guidance for system design. Because this document determines all future development, the stage cannot be completed until a conceptual design review has determined that the system specification properly addresses the motivating need. Key steps within the conceptual design stage include: Need identification Feasibility analysis System requirements analysis System specification Conceptual design review Preliminary system design During this stage of the system lifecycle, subsystems that perform the desired system functions are designed and specified in compliance with the system specification. Interfaces between subsystems are defined, as well as overall test and evaluation requirements. At the completion of this stage, a development specification is produced that is sufficient to perform detailed design and development. Key steps within the preliminary design stage include: Functional analysis Requirements allocation Detailed trade-off studies Synthesis of system options Preliminary design of engineering models Development specification Preliminary design review For example, as the system analyst of Viti Bank, you have been tasked to examine the current information system. Viti Bank is a fast-growing bank in Fiji. Customers in remote rural areas are finding difficulty to access the bank services. It takes them days or even weeks to travel to a location to access the bank services. With the vision of meeting the customers' needs, the bank has requested your services to examine the current system and to come up with solutions or recommendations of how the current system can be provided to meet its needs. Detail design and development This stage includes the development of detailed designs that brings initial design work into a completed form of specifications. This work includes the specification of interfaces between the system and its intended environment, and a comprehensive evaluation of the systems logistical, maintenance and support requirements. The detail design and development is responsible for producing the product, process and material specifications and may result in substantial changes to the development specification. Key steps within the detail design and development stage include: Detailed design Detailed synthesis Development of engineering and prototype models Revision of development specification Product, process, and material specification Critical design review Production and construction During the production and/or construction stage the product is built or assembled in accordance with the requirements specified in the product, process and material specifications, and is deployed and tested within the operational target environment. System assessments are conducted in order to correct deficiencies and adapt the system for continued improvement. Key steps within the product construction stage include: Production and/or construction of system components Acceptance testing System distribution and operation Operational testing and evaluation System assessment Utilization and support Once fully deployed, the system is used for its intended operational role and maintained within its operational environment. Key steps within the utilization and support stage include: System operation in the user environment Change management System modifications for improvement System assessment Phase-out and disposal Effectiveness and efficiency of the system must be continuously evaluated to determine when the product has met its maximum effective lifecycle. Considerations include: Continued existence of operational need, matching between operational requirements and system performance, feasibility of system phase-out versus maintenance, and availability of alternative systems. Phases This section includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this section by introducing more precise citations. (January 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) System investigation During this step, current priorities that would be affected and how they should be handled are considered. A feasibility study determines whether creating a new or improved system is appropriate. This helps to estimate costs, benefits, resource requirements, and specific user needs. The feasibility study should address operational, financial, technical, human factors, and legal/political concerns. Analysis The goal of analysis is to determine where the problem is. This step involves decomposing the system into pieces, analyzing project goals, breaking down what needs to be created, and engaging users to define requirements. Design In systems design, functions and operations are described in detail, including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, and other documentation. Modular design reduces complexity and allows the outputs to describe the system as a collection of subsystems. The design stage takes as its input the requirements already defined. For each requirement, a set of design elements is produced. Design documents typically include functional hierarchy diagrams, screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudo-code, and a complete data model with a data dictionary. These elements describe the system in sufficient detail that developers and engineers can develop and deliver the system with minimal additional input. Testing The code is tested at various levels in software testing. Unit, system, and user acceptance tests are typically performed. Many approaches to testing have been adopted. The following types of testing may be relevant: Path testing Data set testing Unit testing System testing Integration testing Black-box testing White-box testing Regression testing Automation testing User acceptance testing Software performance testing Training and transition Once a system has been stabilized through testing, SDLC ensures that proper training is prepared and performed before transitioning the system to support staff and end users. Training usually covers operational training for support staff as well as end-user training. After training, systems engineers and developers transition the system to its production environment. Operations and maintenance Maintenance includes changes, fixes, and enhancements. Evaluation The final phase of the SDLC is to measure the effectiveness of the system and evaluate potential enhancements. Life cycle Management and control SDLC phases related to management controls SDLC phase objectives are described in this section with key deliverables, a description of recommended tasks, and a summary of related control objectives for effective management. It is critical for the project manager to establish and monitor control objectives while executing projects. Control objectives are clear statements of the desired result or purpose and should be defined and monitored throughout a project. Control objectives can be grouped into major categories (domains), and relate to the SDLC phases as shown in the figure. To manage and control a substantial SDLC initiative, a work breakdown structure (WBS) captures and schedules the work. The WBS and all programmatic material should be kept in the ""project description"" section of the project notebook.[clarification needed] The project manager chooses a WBS format that best describes the project. The diagram shows that coverage spans numerous phases of the SDLC but the associated MCD[clarification needed] shows mappings to SDLC phases. For example, Analysis and Design is primarily performed as part of the Acquisition and Implementation Domain, and System Build and Prototype is primarily performed as part of delivery and support. Work breakdown structured organization Work breakdown structure The upper section of the WBS provides an overview of the project scope and timeline. It should also summarize the major phases and milestones. The middle section is based on the SDLC phases. WBS elements consist of milestones and tasks to be completed rather than activities to be undertaken and have a deadline. Each task has a measurable output (e.g., analysis document). A WBS task may rely on one or more activities (e.g. coding). Parts of the project needing support from contractors should have a statement of work (SOW). The development of a SOW does not occur during a specific phase of SDLC but is developed to include the work from the SDLC process that may be conducted by contractors. Baselines Baselines[clarification needed] are established after four of the five phases of the SDLC, and are critical to the iterative nature of the model. Baselines become milestones. functional baseline: established after the conceptual design phase. allocated baseline: established after the preliminary design phase. product baseline: established after the detail design and development phase. updated product baseline: established after the production construction phase.","There are 7 phases in systems development life cycle. They are system investigation, Analysis, Design, Testing, Training and transition, Operations and maintenance and Evaluation",summarization "Classify each tree as an evergreen or fruit tree: Blue Spruce, Jack Pine, Sweet Cherry, Coconut, Mountain Hemlock.",,"Blue Spruce, Jack Pine, and Mountain Hemlock are all evergreen trees. Sweet Cherry and Coconut trees are fruit trees.",classification What is Barter?,,"This is a way of paying for things, without using money, by exchanging goods",open_qa "Classify the fruits based on their color. raspberries, lemon, strawberries, cranberries, star fruit, banana, cherries, apples",,"Red - raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, cherries, apples Yellow - lemon, banana, star fruit",classification What are some of the best comedy movies of the 1980's?,,"Some of the best movies released in the 1980's are The Breakfast Club, The Goonies, Sixteen Candles, Ghostbusters and Back to the Future.",open_qa What year did the Star Wars Trilogy premier in theaters?,,"The three films that consist of the original Star Wars Trilogy were released between 1977 and 1983. The films are below, listed in chronological order with their respective release dates: - Star Wars (1977) - The Empire Strikes Back (1980) - Return of the Jedi (1983) Following the original trilogy, another three films referred to as the prequel trilogy was released from 1999-2005: - The Phantom Menace (1999) - Attack of the Clones (2002) - Revenge of the Sith (2005) The most recent, sequel trilogy was released between 2015 and 2019: - The Force Awakens (2015) - The Last Jedi (2017) - The Rise of Skywalker (2019)",open_qa In 1961 which Henry Mancini record won Grammy record of year,,Moon River,open_qa "Help me with spend a day in New Delhi. I like architecture, culture, and am a foodie",,"North India has a lot to offer for an aesthete, epicure, and a xenophile. Day 1 arrive in Delhi as many flights arrive early in the morning, settle into a hotel of your choice. Today travel around Delhi especially old Delhi and start your trip by visiting Red Fort which is an historical Mogul Fort commissioned by Mogul Emperor Shah Jahan in 1638. The fort is steeped in history and has a beautiful combination of Persian architecture with Indian influence. After that have lunch in Chandi Chowk where you will find incredible street food and especially Karim's which specializes in Mughlai food. Chandi Chowk is full of verve and energy and you will experience a slice of Indian culture. After the delicious lunch and walking through the narrow streets of Chandi Chowk, it is time to visit Qutb Minar a Unesco World Heritage Site which is considered the tallest minaret in the world at 240 ft constructed out of sandstone in 1192. Close by you can also visit Jamal Kalami mosque and relax at the nearby 200 acre park. In the evening you can travel to visit the Lotus Temple in Delhi which is a Baháʼí House of Worship and architected by Fariborz Sahba in 1976. For dinner, it is time to indulge yourself at Oberoi Delhi at Dhilli under the mentorship of Michelin-starred Chef Vineet Bhatia MBE and finish your night at the rooftop bar Cirrus 9 with a smooth cocktail.",brainstorming "Locate the classification of Picasso's work over time on the text, extract including the description and the period, and place them in a bullet list","Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and the anti-war painting Guernica (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during the Spanish Civil War. Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a naturalistic manner through his childhood and adolescence. During the first decade of the 20th century, his style changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas. After 1906, the Fauvist work of the older artist Henri Matisse motivated Picasso to explore more radical styles, beginning a fruitful rivalry between the two artists, who subsequently were often paired by critics as the leaders of modern art. Picasso's work is often categorized into periods. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1904–1906), the African-influenced Period (1907–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919), also referred to as the Crystal period. Much of Picasso's work of the late 1910s and early 1920s is in a neoclassical style, and his work in the mid-1920s often has characteristics of Surrealism. His later work often combines elements of his earlier styles. Exceptionally prolific throughout the course of his long life, Picasso achieved universal renown and immense fortune for his revolutionary artistic accomplishments, and became one of the best-known figures in 20th-century art.","Blue Period (1901–1904) Rose Period (1904–1906) African-influenced Period (1907–1909) Analytic Cubism (1909–1912) Synthetic Cubism or Crystal Period (1912–1919) Surrealism (mid-1920s)",information_extraction What are the five smallest countries in Europe?,,"The five smallest countries in Europe are Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City, and Liechtenstein.",open_qa Give me a list of three historical piano composers.,,"Johann Sebastian Bach, Ludwig van Beethoven, and Frédéric Chopin.",brainstorming Come up with short road trips from Berkeley that I can drive to within two hours.,,"From Berkeley, some destinations within a 2 hours drive include Napa, San Francisco, Sacramento, and Marin.",brainstorming Write a diary entry for a dog that only likes one person that lives in the house on a day that their favorite person was gone all day.,,"Today was a challenging day, after the quiet time, my two legged housemates started making noise at the normal time, changing their appearances and eating food that I was not allowed to eat. The smaller ones left with the other one as usual, but then I saw the best one disappeared as well through the door with the comfortably cold floor. I check the floor in the food room for crumbs, take a drink and then wait for forever for the sound of the best one to return. Small, mouth-sized intruders visited the outside throughout the day, and I let them know they are not welcome. I fear the worst, and the small ones and the other one returned, but the best one is missing. They bribe me with food and water, distracting me from noticing the best one has not returned. I stay on the cold floor, the last place I saw the best one while the others do their best to distract me. I will not be fooled. I hear the rumbling sound that means the best one returns. I'm the first to greet them, because I love them best. I am reminded that I am the best, and I keep the best one in my sight until everything is quiet once again.",creative_writing "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cowbell, Crwth",,"Crwth is string, Cowbell is percussion.",classification What do they call Remembrance Day in the United States,"Remembrance Day (also known as Poppy Day owing to the tradition of wearing a remembrance poppy) is a memorial day observed in Commonwealth member states since the end of the First World War in 1919 to honour armed forces members who have died in the line of duty. The day is also marked by war remembrances in several other non-Commonwealth countries. In most countries, Remembrance Day is observed on 11 November to recall the end of First World War hostilities. Hostilities formally ended ""at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month"" of 1918, in accordance with the armistice signed by representatives of Germany and the Entente between 5:12 and 5:20 that morning. (""At the 11th hour"" refers to the passing of the 11th hour, or 11:00 am.) The First World War officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919. The tradition of Remembrance Day evolved out of Armistice Day. The initial Armistice Day was observed at Buckingham Palace, commencing with King George V hosting a ""Banquet in Honour of the President of the French Republic"" during the evening hours of 10 November 1919. The first official Armistice Day was subsequently held on the grounds of Buckingham Palace the following morning. During the Second World War, many countries changed the name of the holiday. Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations adopted Remembrance Day, while the US chose Veterans Day.","In the United States, Remembrance Day, which is a memorial day observing the end of the First World War, is known as Veterans Day.",information_extraction "I’m walking to work and I’d like to carry helpful things in my backpack for a big presentation. Which of these should I pack: rotary telephone, eighty inch monitor, laptop, notepad, beer keg, pen.",,"The laptop, notepad, and pen might be helpful in order to retrieve and share content or take notes during the presentation. The eighty inch monitor won’t fit in a backpack, although it might be helpful if they have one at your presentation. The beer keg and rotary telephone probably won’t be necessary for a presentation.",classification Which Targaryen has the dragon Rhaegal named after him?,,"Rhaegal is named for Rhaegar Targaryen, Daenerys Targaryen's eldest brother.",open_qa What are some silly things to drink out of instead of a cup?,,"Things you could drink from that aren't cups could include a hummingbird feeder, a syrup container, a (plastic lined) mini piñata, an erlenmeyer flask, a water gun, an empty medicine bottle, a plant vase or pot, or a watering can.",brainstorming Why am I allergic to cats?,,Allergies to cats are primarily caused by a single protein which is found on the skin and in the saliva. There are at least seven other cat proteins that may cause cat allergies in humans. A combination of these allergy producing proteins accumulate on the fur and skin of the cat during grooming.,open_qa "What family do tigers, lions and panthers all belong to?",,"Tigers, lions and panthers are all a part of the cat family",open_qa What are some lazy meals I can cook at home?,,"If you don't want to spend much energy cooking, consider one of options in this list: - Tacos - Mac & Cheese - Fried Rice - Meatball Sandwiche - Pasta Carbonara - Instant Ramen Bowl - Shakshuka - Chicken Wraps - Hamburger - Baked Potatoes - Salad - Bacon and Eggs",brainstorming Summarize the main milestones of an NBA season,"Following the summer break, teams begin training camps in late September. Training camps allow the coaching staff to evaluate players (especially rookies), scout the team's strengths and weaknesses, prepare the players for the rigorous regular season and determine the 12-man active roster (and a 3-man inactive list) with which they will begin the regular season. Teams have the ability to assign players with less than two years of experience to the NBA G League. After training camp, a series of preseason exhibition games are held. Preseason matches are sometimes held in non-NBA cities, both in the United States and overseas. The NBA regular season begins in the last week of October. During the regular season, each team plays 82 games, 41 each home and away. A team faces opponents in its own division four times a year (16 games). Each team plays six of the teams from the other two divisions in its conference four times (24 games), and the remaining four teams three times (12 games). Finally, each team plays all the teams in the other conference twice apiece (30 games). This asymmetrical structure means the strength of schedule will vary between teams (but not as significantly as the NFL or MLB). Over five seasons, each team will have played 80 games against their division (20 games against each opponent, 10 at home, 10 on the road), 180 games against the rest of their conference (18 games against each opponent, 9 at home, 9 on the road), and 150 games against the other conference (10 games against each team, 5 at home, 5 on the road). The NBA is also the only league that regularly schedules games on Christmas Day. The league has been playing games regularly on the holiday since 1947, though the first Christmas Day games were not televised until 1983–84. Games played on this day have featured some of the best teams and players. Christmas is also notable for NBA on television, as the holiday is when the first NBA games air on network television each season. Games played on this day have been some of the highest-rated games during a particular season. In February, the regular season pauses to celebrate the annual NBA All-Star Game. Fans vote throughout the United States, Canada, and on the Internet, and the top vote-getters in each conference are named captains. Fan votes determine the rest of the allstar starters. Coaches vote to choose the remaining 14 All-Stars. Then, the top vote-getters in each conference draft their own team from a player pool of allstars. The top vote-getter in the league earns first pick and so forth. The player with the best performance during the game is rewarded with a Game MVP award. Other attractions of the All-Star break include the Rising Stars Challenge (originally Rookie Challenge), where the top rookies and second-year players in the NBA play in a 5-on-5 basketball game, with the current format pitting U.S. players against those from the rest of the world; the Skills Challenge, where players compete to finish an obstacle course consisting of shooting, passing, and dribbling in the fastest time; the Three Point Contest, where players compete to score the highest number of three-point field goals in a given time; and the NBA Slam Dunk Contest, where players compete to dunk the ball in the most entertaining way according to the judges. These other attractions have varying names which include the names of the various sponsors who have paid for naming rights. Shortly after the All-Star break is the trade deadline, which is set to fall on the 16th Thursday of the season (usually in February) at 3 pm Eastern Time. After this date, teams are not allowed to exchange players with each other for the remainder of the season, although they may still sign and release players. Major trades are often completed right before the trading deadline, making that day a hectic time for general managers. Around the middle of April, the regular season ends. It is during this time that voting begins for individual awards, as well as the selection of the honorary, league-wide, postseason teams. The Sixth Man of the Year Award is given to the best player coming off the bench (must have more games coming off the bench than actual games started). The Rookie of the Year Award is awarded to the most outstanding first-year player. The Most Improved Player Award is awarded to the player who is deemed to have shown the most improvement from the previous season. The Defensive Player of the Year Award is awarded to the league's best defender. The Coach of the Year Award is awarded to the coach that has made the most positive difference to a team. The Most Valuable Player Award is given to the player deemed the most valuable for (his team) that season. Additionally, Sporting News awards an unofficial (but widely recognized) Executive of the Year Award to the general manager who is adjudged to have performed the best job for the benefit of his franchise. The postseason teams are the All-NBA Team, the All-Defensive Team, and the All-Rookie Team; each consists of five players. There are three All-NBA teams, consisting of the top players at each position, with first-team status being the most desirable. There are two All-Defensive teams, consisting of the top defenders at each position. There are also two All-Rookie teams, consisting of the top first-year players regardless of position.","An NBA season starts with training camp in September, which is followed by preseason during which teams play several exhibition games. In the last week of October, the regular season starts. Individual teams play a total of 82 games over the course of the roughly six months the regular season lasts. In February is the All-Star break in which a set of players, voted for by fans and coaches, compete. The All-Star break is followed by the trade deadline after which trades between teams are not possible anymore. The regular season ends around mid April.",summarization What are some of Whitney Houston's top hits?,,"Whitney Houston had many top hits including but not limited to: - I'm Your Baby Tonight - How Will I Know - I Have Nothing - I'm Every Woman - I Will Always Love You - I Wanna Dance With Somebody",open_qa Please give me a comma separated list of the countries that signed the North Atlantic Treaty in April 1949 given the text below,"The Treaty of Dunkirk was signed by France and the United Kingdom on 4 March 1947, during the aftermath of World War II and the start of the Cold War, as a Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance in the event of possible attacks by Germany or the Soviet Union. In March 1948, this alliance was expanded in the Treaty of Brussels to include the Benelux countries, forming the Brussels Treaty Organization, commonly known as the Western Union. Talks for a wider military alliance, which could include North America, also began that month in the United States, where their foreign policy under the Truman Doctrine promoted international solidarity against actions they saw as communist aggression, such as the February 1948 coup d'état in Czechoslovakia. These talks resulted in the signature of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949 by the member states of the Western Union plus the United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark, and Iceland. Canadian diplomat Lester B. Pearson was a key author and drafter of the treaty.","France, United Kingdom, Belgium, Luxembourg , Netherlands, United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark, Iceland",summarization "Given this paragraph about the terrain of the Iberian Peninsula, tell me the highest point in the peninsula and its altitude.","The terrain of the Iberian Peninsula is largely mountainous. The major mountain systems are: The Pyrenees and their foothills, the Pre-Pyrenees, crossing the isthmus of the peninsula so completely as to allow no passage except by mountain road, trail, coastal road or tunnel. Aneto in the Maladeta massif, at 3,404 m, is the highest point The Mulhacén, the highest peak in the Iberian Peninsula The Cantabrian Mountains along the northern coast with the massive Picos de Europa. Torre de Cerredo, at 2,648 m, is the highest point The Galicia/Trás-os-Montes Massif in the Northwest is made up of very old heavily eroded rocks. Pena Trevinca, at 2,127 m, is the highest point The Sistema Ibérico, a complex system at the heart of the peninsula, in its central/eastern region. It contains a great number of ranges and divides the watershed of the Tagus, Douro and Ebro rivers. Moncayo, at 2,313 m, is the highest point The Sistema Central, dividing the Iberian Plateau into a northern and a southern half and stretching into Portugal (where the highest point of Continental Portugal (1,993 m) is located in the Serra da Estrela). Pico Almanzor in the Sierra de Gredos is the highest point, at 2,592 m The Montes de Toledo, which also stretches into Portugal from the La Mancha natural region at the eastern end. Its highest point, at 1,603 m, is La Villuerca in the Sierra de Villuercas, Extremadura The Sierra Morena, which divides the watershed of the Guadiana and Guadalquivir rivers. At 1,332 m, Bañuela is the highest point The Baetic System, which stretches between Cádiz and Gibraltar and northeast towards Alicante Province. It is divided into three subsystems: Prebaetic System, which begins west of the Sierra Sur de Jaén, reaching the Mediterranean Sea shores in Alicante Province. La Sagra is the highest point at 2,382 m. Subbaetic System, which is in a central position within the Baetic Systems, stretching from Cape Trafalgar in Cádiz Province across Andalusia to the Region of Murcia. The highest point, at 2,027 m (6,650 ft), is Peña de la Cruz in Sierra Arana. Penibaetic System, located in the far southeastern area stretching between Gibraltar across the Mediterranean coastal Andalusian provinces. It includes the highest point in the peninsula, the 3,478 m high Mulhacén in the Sierra Nevada.","The highest point in the Iberian Peninsula is Mulhacen, located within the Penibaetic System. Its altitude is 3,478 m, or 11,411 ft",closed_qa "Tell me which one of these companies is a popular manufacturer of golf clubs: Ping, Cobra, Nike, Taylormade",,"Ping, Cobra and Taylormade are all well known manufacturers of golf clubs and have been for decades. Nike stopped manufacturing golf clubs in 2016 but does continue to market golf clothing and similar accessories.",classification "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Cows (Cattle), Cheetah",,"Cheetah is wild, Cows (Cattle) is domesticated.",classification What temperature can I expect at the summit if I climb Mount Kinabalu,"The climate of the mountain varies from humid tropical at its base to alpine at its summit. The temperature at the summit of Mount Kinabalu usually stands from −4 to 8 °C (25 to 46 °F) from December to January, and 3 to 12 °C (37 to 54 °F) from June to September. Due to the coldness of the mountain from December to January, there are a few occasions where frost and ice appear at the summit of Mount Kinabalu. Snow has been recorded three times in this area; in 1975, 1993 and 2022. ",Temperature ranges from -4°C to 12 °C .,summarization How much of the land of Swiftwater community is forested land and how much of it is wetland?,"Swiftwater is an unincorporated community in Pocono Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located within the Paradise Creek Watershed. Upper Swiftwater creek is designated by the PA DEP as exceptional value waters (EV). The community of Swiftwater is located within and around unique topographic features in the Poconos, which encompass the Pocono Plateau Escarpment. Land use consists of 70% forested land, 14% low density residential, 13.6% agricultural lands and approximately 2.4% wetlands. The acres of forested land are nearby to State Game Lands, an important bird area, which support beaver, raccoon, gray, fox, coyote, and mink, and Snow Shoe Hares. In 1897 Richard Slee created the Pocono Biological Laboratories in Swiftwater. Swiftwater is home to the biggest flu vaccine plant in the United States. Swiftwater is also the home of the Pocono Cheesecake Factory, located on SR 611.[citation needed]","According to the paragraph, 70% of the Swiftwater land is forested land and approximately 2.4% of it is wetlands.",information_extraction what are creative ways of gifting?,,"Gift non material presents! For example, for your loved ones' birthday, offer them a caring and tender massage rather than an expensive electronic entertainment device that will be dated in 2 years. For your kids, make a donation to a trusted charity with a good cause for Christmas that shows them empathy and love rather than a toy that will be ignored after a few plays. For parents' gold anniversary, take them to where they met and recreate the scene to bring back their love memories.",brainstorming "Tell me whether the following animals are reptiles or amphibians: salamander, alligator, caiman, snake, toad.",,"Salamanders and toads are amphibians. Alligators, caimans, and snakes are reptiles.",classification Give me a list of Indian dishes that I can make for a house party,,"Some popular Indian dishes that you can consider for a house party can be: - Pav Bhaji - Paneer Tikka Masala - Butten Chicken - Gol Gappe - Palak Paneer - Vindaloo - Chicken Biryani - Garlic Naan - Yellow Daal or Daal Tadka - Black Daal Be sure to pair it with some popular indian drinks like - Mango Lassi - Chai - Lemon Sherbet - Kingfisher Beer",brainstorming What are the ways to travel from Delhi to Varanasi? And how long does each route take?,,"One can use any of the following 3 ways to travel from Delhi to Varanasi. 1. Travel by flight from Delhi airport to Varanasi. Depending on where you stay in Delhi, your travel time to Delhi airport could be between 45 mins to 2 hours. The flight time from Delhi to Varanasi is 1 hour 30 minutes. On arrival at Varanasi airport, it takes about 1 hour to get to the city. The total time that this route takes is about 7- 8 hours taking into account the airport security time. 2. You could take a train from New Delhi railway station to go to Varanasi. The fastest train travel time is about 6 hours and the Varanasi railway station is in the heart of the city. The total time this route takes is also between 7-8 hours depending on how far one is from the New Delhi railway station. 3. The last option one could consider is driving by road from Delhi to Varanasi. The total travel time by this route is bout 11-12 hours with a couple of breaks on the way.",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Karyenda, Charango",,"Charango is string, Karyenda is percussion.",classification What is the Fallout game?,"Fallout: A Post Nuclear Role Playing Game is a 1997 role-playing video game developed and published by Interplay Productions. In a mid-22nd century post-apocalyptic and retro-futuristic world, decades after a global nuclear war between the United States and China, Fallout's protagonist, the Vault Dweller, inhabits the underground nuclear shelter Vault 13. After customizing their character, the player must scour the surrounding wasteland for a computer chip that can fix the Vault's failed water supply system. They interact with other survivors, some of whom give them missions, and engage in turn-based combat where they battle until their action points are depleted.","Fallout is a cyberpunk game based in a post-apocalyptic world. It is an RPG that gained extreme popularity for its storytelling, setting, music and art. The famous RPG game uses a 1950's retro world that is combined with futuristic technology to create a unique setting. With many branching quest lines and plenty of items, weapons and loot, the game has hours worth of content. The basic plot of the game follows a vault dweller. The main character emerges from an underground vault to find a broken but thriving post-apocalyptic world. He meets many different people struggling to survive and monsters that evolved from all the radiation.",summarization What is Photosynthesis,"Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities. Some of this chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars and starches, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek phōs (φῶς), ""light"", and synthesis (σύνθεσις), ""putting together"". Most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called Photoautotroph. Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere, and supplies most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.","Photosynthesis is performed differently by different species but the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centers that contain green chlorophyll (and other colored) pigments/chromophores. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. The hydrogen freed by the splitting of water is used in the creation of two further compounds that serve as short-term stores of energy, enabling its transfer to drive other reactions: these compounds are reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells. In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are synthesized by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose. In other bacteria, different mechanisms such as the reverse Krebs cycle are used to achieve the same end.",summarization What is First-stage boot loader,"Boot loaders may face peculiar constraints, especially in size; for instance, on the earlier IBM PC and compatibles, a boot sector should typically work in only 32 KiB (later relaxed to 64 KiB) of system memory and only use instructions supported by the original 8088/8086 processors. The first stage of PC boot loaders (FSBL, first-stage boot loader) located on fixed disks and removable drives must fit into the first 446 bytes of the Master boot record in order to leave room for the default 64-byte partition table with four partition entries and the two-byte boot signature, which the BIOS requires for a proper boot loader — or even less, when additional features like more than four partition entries (up to 16 with 16 bytes each), a disk signature (6 bytes), a disk timestamp (6 bytes), an Advanced Active Partition (18 bytes) or special multi-boot loaders have to be supported as well in some environments. In floppy and superfloppy volume boot records, up to 59 bytes are occupied for the extended BIOS parameter block on FAT12 and FAT16 volumes since DOS 4.0, whereas the FAT32 EBPB introduced with DOS 7.1 requires even 87 bytes, leaving only 423 bytes for the boot loader when assuming a sector size of 512 bytes. Microsoft boot sectors therefore traditionally imposed certain restrictions on the boot process, for example, the boot file had to be located at a fixed position in the root directory of the file system and stored as consecutive sectors,conditions taken care of by the SYS command and slightly relaxed in later versions of DOS.The boot loader was then able to load the first three sectors of the file into memory, which happened to contain another embedded boot loader able to load the remainder of the file into memory.When Microsoft added LBA and FAT32 support, they even switched to a boot loader reaching over two physical sectors and using 386 instructions for size reasons. At the same time other vendors managed to squeeze much more functionality into a single boot sector without relaxing the original constraints on only minimal available memory (32 KiB) and processor support (8088/8086). For example, DR-DOS boot sectors are able to locate the boot file in the FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32 file system, and load it into memory as a whole via CHS or LBA, even if the file is not stored in a fixed location and in consecutive sectors. BIOS and UEFI not only load the operating system from a non-volatile device, they also initialize system hardware for operating system. Examples of first-stage bootloaders include BIOS, coreboot, Libreboot and Das U-Boot.","The first-stage bootloader (FSBL) is the first boot stage for the HPS. In FPGA Configuration First mode, the SDM extracts and loads the FSBL into the on-chip RAM of the HPS. The SDM releases the HPS from reset after the FPGA has entered user mode. After the HPS exits reset, it uses the FSBL hardware handoff file to setup the clocks, HPS dedicated I/Os, and peripherals. Typically, the FSBL then loads the SSBL into HPS SDRAM and passes the control to the SSBL.",closed_qa "Which of these is bigger than a breadbox? Dog, cat, mouse, hydrogen atom, tree, spider, Jupiter, credit card, baseball, basketball, bus, the statue of liberty, a meteorite, an asteroid, Elvis",,"Typically, the following are bigger than a breadbox: dog, cat, tree, Jupiter, basketball, bus, the Statue of Liberty, an asteroid and Elvis. The rest of the items in the list would normally be smaller than a breadbox.",classification What is a non fungible token?,,"A non fungible token (NFT) is another form of digital asset. This asset can be exchanged with other NFT token that are similar. Similar NFTs could be art, music, or photography. The idea is that you can monetize your craft by putting it into a block chain. This ensure that the original author and original say art is one of a kind. NFT art can be worth a lot of money and usually the intrinsic value of NFT art is tied to the popularity of the artist who produces it and how well known they are.",open_qa The first human case of Monkeypox was recorded in,,Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC),open_qa How many events were completed in first modern Olympic Games?,,"There were 43 events which included shot put, boxing, running...",open_qa "Extract the total annual return of S&P500 over the last 10 years, and place them in the format {Source} - {Percentage}","Price history & milestones Main article: Closing milestones of the S&P 500 On August 12, 1982, the index closed at 102.42. On Black Monday (1987), the index realized its worst daily percentage loss, falling 20.47% in a single day. On February 12, 1997, the index closed above 800 for the first time. On February 2, 1998, the index closed above 1,000 for the first time. On March 24, 2000, at the peak of the dot-com bubble, the index reached an intraday high of 1,552.87; this high was not exceeded until May 30, 2007. On October 10, 2002, during the stock market downturn of 2002, the index fell to 768.83, a decline of approximately 50% from its high in March 2000. On May 30, 2007, the index closed at 1,530.23, setting its first all-time closing high in more than 7 years. The index achieved a new all-time intraday high on October 11, 2007, at 1,576.09. Between the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers on September 15, 2008, and the end of 2008, the index closed either up or down 3% in one day 29 times. On October 13, 2008, the index closed up 11.6%, its best single-day percentage gain since being founded in 1957. On November 20, 2008, the index closed at 752.44, its lowest since early 1997. The index ended 2008 at 903.25, a yearly loss of 38.5%. The index continued to decline in early 2009, closing at 676.53 on March 9, 2009, its lowest close in 13 years. The drawdown from the high in October 2007 to the low in March 2009 was 56.8%, the largest since World War II. At the trough of the United States bear market of 2007–2009, on March 6, 2009, the index was at 666. By March 23, 2009, the index had risen 20% from its low, closing at 822.92. The index closed 2009 at 1,115.10, the second-best year of the decade. On April 14, 2010, the index closed at 1,210.65, its first close above 1,200 since the financial crisis of 2007–2008. By July 2, 2010, it had fallen to 1,022.58, its lowest point of the year. On April 29, 2011, the index closed at a post-crisis high of 1,363.61. However, after the August 2011 stock markets fall, on October 4, 2011, the index briefly broke below 1,100. The index rose 13% in 2012 despite significant volatility amid electoral and fiscal uncertainty and round 3 of quantitative easing. On December 31, 2012, the index closed at 1,426.19, an annual gain of 13% and its biggest gain in 3 years. On March 28, 2013, the index surpassed its closing high of 1,565.15, recovering all its losses from the Great Recession. On April 10, 2013, it closed above the intraday high from 2007. On August 26, 2014, the index closed above 2,000 for the first time. On March 2, 2015, the index reached an all-time closing high, while the Nasdaq Composite closed above 5,000 for the first time since 2000. After the 2015–2016 Chinese stock market turbulence, a period of over a year with no new record highs ended on July 11, 2016, with the index closing at 2,137.16. In June 2017, the index posted the largest weekly rise since the 2016 United States presidential election. For the full year 2017, the index was up 19.4%, its best year since 2013. On September 25, 2017, the index closed above 2,500 for the first time. The index rose sharply in January 2018, extending one of its longest monthly winning streaks, only to fall 4% in February 2018 during a month of extremely high volatility, including a day in which the VIX doubled. It was the first monthly decline in 11 months. In the third quarter of 2018, the index posted its best quarter since 2013. However, the index fell 11% in the month of December 2018, its worst December performance since the Great Depression. The index fell 6% in 2018, its worst year in a decade. However, in 2019, the index posted its best first half in 22 years including the best June since 1938. On July 10, 2019, the index reached 3,000 for the first time. The index rose 31.5% in 2019, one of its best years. On February 19, 2020, the index hit a new closing peak of 3,386.15; however, it fell 10% in the next six trading days, its fastest drop from a new peak as a result of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and COVID-19 recession. On March 23, 2020, at the trough of the 2020 stock market crash, the index had fallen 34% from its peak. Overall, the index fell 20% during the first quarter of 2020, its worst quarter since 2008. However, this was followed by a 20% gain in the second quarter, its biggest quarterly gain since 1998. The index reached a new record high on August 18, 2020. In the following months the index reached several all-time highs. On April 1, 2021, the index closed above 4,000 for the first time. In 2021, the index closed 70 days of the year at a new record closing price, the second highest number ever recorded, behind the 77 closing highs recorded in 1995. 2021 also marked the first year since 2005 when the S&P 500 beat the other two closely watched U.S. stock indices: the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the Nasdaq Composite. On January 3, 2022, the index reached a record of 4796.56. Returns by year Returns are generally quoted as price returns (excluding returns from dividends). However, they can also be quoted as total return, which include returns from dividends and the reinvestment thereof, and ""net total return"", which reflects the effects of dividend reinvestment after the deduction of withholding tax. Show / Hide table Year Change in Index Total Annual Return, Including Dividends Value of $1.00 Invested on January 1, 1970 5-Year Annualized Return 10-Year Annualized Return 15-Year Annualized Return 20-Year Annualized Return 25-Year Annualized Return 1961 23.13% - - - - - - - 1962 -11.81% - - - - - - - 1963 18.89% - - - - - - - 1964 12.97% - - - - - - - 1965 9.06% - - - - - - - 1966 -13.09% - - - - - - - 1967 20.09% - - - - - - - 1968 7.66% - - - - - - - 1969 -11.36% - - - - - - - 1970 0.10% 4.01% $1.04 - - - - - 1971 10.79% 14.31% $1.19 - - - - - 1972 15.63% 18.98% $1.41 - - - - - 1973 −17.37% −14.66% $1.21 - - - - - 1974 −29.72% −26.47% $0.89 −2.35% - - - - 1975 31.55% 37.20% $1.22 3.21% - - - - 1976 19.15% 23.84% $1.51 4.87% - - - - 1977 −11.50% −7.18% $1.40 −0.21% - - - - 1978 1.06% 6.56% $1.49 4.32% - - - - 1979 12.31% 18.44% $1.77 14.76% 5.86% - - - 1980 25.77% 32.50% $2.34 13.96% 8.45% - - - 1981 −9.73% −4.92% $2.23 8.10% 6.47% - - - 1982 14.76% 21.55% $2.71 14.09% 6.70% - - - 1983 17.27% 22.56% $3.32 17.32% 10.63% - - - 1984 1.40% 6.27% $3.52 14.81% 14.78% 8.76% - - 1985 26.33% 31.73% $4.64 14.67% 14.32% 10.49% - - 1986 14.62% 18.67% $5.51 19.87% 13.83% 10.76% - - 1987 2.03% 5.25% $5.80 16.47% 15.27% 9.86% - - 1988 12.40% 16.61% $6.76 15.31% 16.31% 12.17% - - 1989 27.25% 31.69% $8.90 20.37% 17.55% 16.61% 11.55% - 1990 −6.56% −3.10% $8.63 13.20% 13.93% 13.94% 11.16% - 1991 26.31% 30.47% $11.26 15.36% 17.59% 14.34% 11.90% - 1992 4.46% 7.62% $12.11 15.88% 16.17% 15.47% 11.34% - 1993 7.06% 10.08% $13.33 14.55% 14.93% 15.72% 12.76% - 1994 −1.54% 1.32% $13.51 8.70% 14.38% 14.52% 14.58% 10.98% 1995 34.11% 37.58% $18.59 16.59% 14.88% 14.81% 14.60% 12.22% 1996 20.26% 22.96% $22.86 15.22% 15.29% 16.80% 14.56% 12.55% 1997 31.01% 33.36% $30.48 20.27% 18.05% 17.52% 16.65% 13.07% 1998 26.67% 28.58% $39.19 24.06% 19.21% 17.90% 17.75% 14.94% 1999 19.53% 21.04% $47.44 28.56% 18.21% 18.93% 17.88% 17.25% 2000 −10.14% −9.10% $43.12 18.33% 17.46% 16.02% 15.68% 15.34% 2001 −13.04% −11.89% $37.99 10.70% 12.94% 13.74% 15.24% 13.78% 2002 −23.37% −22.10% $29.60 −0.59% 9.34% 11.48% 12.71% 12.98% 2003 26.38% 28.68% $38.09 −0.57% 11.07% 12.22% 12.98% 13.84% 2004 8.99% 10.88% $42.23 −2.30% 12.07% 10.94% 13.22% 13.54% 2005 3.00% 4.91% $44.30 0.54% 9.07% 11.52% 11.94% 12.48% 2006 13.62% 15.79% $51.30 6.19% 8.42% 10.64% 11.80% 13.37% 2007 3.53% 5.49% $54.12 12.83% 5.91% 10.49% 11.82% 12.73% 2008 −38.49% −37.00% $34.09 −2.19% −1.38% 6.46% 8.43% 9.77% 2009 23.45% 26.46% $43.11 0.41% −0.95% 8.04% 8.21% 10.54% 2010 12.78% 15.06% $49.61 2.29% 1.41% 6.76% 9.14% 9.94% 2011 -0.00% 2.11% $50.65 −0.25% 2.92% 5.45% 7.81% 9.28% 2012 13.41% 16.00% $58.76 1.66% 7.10% 4.47% 8.22% 9.71% 2013 29.60% 32.39% $77.79 17.94% 7.40% 4.68% 9.22% 10.26% 2014 11.39% 13.69% $88.44 15.45% 7.67% 4.24% 9.85% 9.62% 2015 −0.73% 1.38% $89.66 12.57% 7.30% 5.00% 8.19% 9.82% 2016 9.54% 11.96% $100.38 14.66% 6.94% 6.69% 7.68% 9.15% 2017 19.42% 21.83% $122.30 15.79% 8.49% 9.92% 7.19% 9.69% 2018 −6.24% −4.38% $116.94 8.49% 13.12% 7.77% 5.62% 9.07% 2019 28.88% 31.49% $153.76 11.70% 13.56% 9.00% 6.06% 10.22% 2020 16.26% 18.40% $182.06 15.22% 13.89% 9.88% 7.47% 9.56% 2021 26.89% 28.71% $234.33 18.48% 16.55% 10.66% 9.52% 9.76% 2022 −19.44% −18.11% $191.89 9.42% 12.56% 8.81% 9.80% 7.64% Low −38.49% −37.00% --- −2.35% −1.38% 4.24% 5.62% 7.64% Median 12.31% 15.06% --- 13.96% 12.75% 10.66% 11.45% 10.54% Year Change in Index Total Annual Return, Including Dividends Value of $1.00 Invested on 1970‑01‑01 5-Year Annualized Return 10-Year Annualized Return 15-Year Annualized Return 20-Year Annualized Return 25-Year Annualized Return","2013; 32.39% 2014; 13.69% 2015; 1.38% 2016; 11.96% 2017; 21.83% 2018; −4.38% 2019; 31.49% 2020; 18.40% 2021; 28.71% 2022; −18.11%",information_extraction "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Goema, Requinto",,"Goema is percussion, Requinto is string.",classification "Depict the valuation of Adani group as mentioned in the passage. For representation, use the format ‘Month Year, Valuation in US$’.","Adani Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Ahmedabad. It was founded by Gautam Adani in 1988 as a commodity trading business, with the flagship company Adani Enterprises. The Group's diverse businesses include port management, electric power generation and transmission, renewable energy, mining, airport operations, natural gas, food processing and infrastructure. In April 2021, Adani Group crossed US$100 billion in market capitalization, and in April 2022 it crossed the $200 billion mark, in both cases becoming the third Indian conglomerate to do so, after Tata Group and Reliance Industries. In November 2022, it reached $280 billion (INR 24 trillion) surpassing Tata Group. Adani subsequently lost more than $104 billion of market capitalization after fraud and market manipulation allegations by short-seller firm Hindenburg Research. The Adani Group has also attracted other controversies due to various reports of irregular practices. More than 60 percent of the Adani Group's revenue is derived from coal-related businesses. The company's corporate debt totaled $30 billion in 2022.","April 2021, US$100 billion April 2022, US$200 billion November 2022, $280 billion",information_extraction Based on the following passage make a list of 6 conventional dried fruits.,"Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators. Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating back to the fourth millennium BC in Mesopotamia, and is prized because of its sweet taste, nutritive value and long shelf life. Today, dried fruit consumption is widespread. Nearly half of the dried fruits sold are raisins, followed by dates, prunes, figs, apricots, peaches, apples, and pears. These are referred to as ""conventional"" or ""traditional"" dried fruits: fruits that have been dried in the sun or in heated wind tunnel dryers. Many fruits such as cranberries, blueberries, cherries, strawberries, and mango are infused with a sweetener (e.g. sucrose syrup) prior to drying. Some products sold as dried fruit, like papaya, kiwifruit and pineapple, are most often candied fruit. Dried fruits retain most of the nutritional value of fresh fruits. The specific nutrient content of the different dried fruits reflects their fresh counterpart and the processing method.","1. Raisins 2. Dates 3. Prunes 4. Figs 5. Apricots 6. Peaches",information_extraction "In Asia Cricket Cup 2022 ,Player of the match was",,Bhanuka Rajapaksa,open_qa "Classify the below as food or drinks. Biriyani, Pasta, Steak, cocktail, mocktail, wine",,"Food - Biriyani, Pasta, Steak Drinks - cocktail, mocktail, wine",classification Name a few great fantasy book series.,,"Any list of great fantasy series is sure to include the Lord of the Rings. Written in the mid 20th century by J.R.R Tolkien, the story centers on Frodo Baggins, a young hobbit tasked with the impossible task of carrying and ultimately destroying the One Ring, which was forged by Sauron as a means to claim complete dominion over all of Middle-earth. In his quest, Frodo is aided by three hobbits, a human ranger, a dwarf, an elf and a wizard. Together this band of friends and heroes battle orcs, trolls, wargs, giant spider and a host of dark creatures in their quest to save Middle-earth. Another epic fantasy series is the Wheel of Time by Robert Jordan. Told over 14 volumes, this tale is set in a high fantasy world where magic exists, but only some can access it. The series begins with Moraine, a powerful channeler on a quest to find the prophesied ""Dragon"" who has been reborn with the power to defeat The Dark One. Moraine follows the clues to a small village and to five young men and women, one of whom she is convinced is The Dragon reborn. Throughout the series, these six, along with a coterie of interesting and intricately webbed characters quest throughout the world, fighting the emergence of dark forces and working to discover their own powers and destinies. Arguably the most popular fantasy series ever written is Harry Potter by J.K. Rowling. The seven novels in this series follow the story of Harry Potter, a young orphan who discovers on his 11th birthday that he is a wizard. He is welcomed into the prestigious Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry where he learns magics, makes wonderful friends and a few enemies. He also learns of and must faced his dark history and connection to Lord Voldemort, one of the most powerful, evil dark wizards who killed Harry's parents and tried to kill Harry when he was just an infant.",open_qa What is Falaknuma palace?,"Falaknuma is a palace in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It originally belonged to the Paigah family, and was later owned by the Nizam of Hyderabad. It is on a hillock and covers a 13-hectare (32-acre) area in Falaknuma, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Charminar. It was built by Nawab Sir Viqar-ul-Umra, Prime Minister of Hyderabad and the uncle & brother-in-law of the sixth Nizam. Falak-numa means ""Like the Sky"" or ""Mirror of Sky"" in Urdu. Design An English architect William Ward Marret designed the palace. Sir Vicar's monogram ""VO"" is on the furniture, walls and ceiling of the palace. It is made completely with Italian marble with stained-glass windows and covers an area of 93,970 square metres (1,011,500 sq ft). The palace was built in the shape of a scorpion with two stings spread out as wings in the north. The middle part is occupied by the main building and the kitchen, Gol Bangla, Zenana Mehal, and harem quarters stretch to the south. The Nawab was an avid traveller, and his influences show in the architecture, which combines Italian and Tudor influences. History Falaknuma Palace, photographed by Lala Deen Dayal in 1900. Sir Viqar-ul-Umra, the Prime Minister of Hyderabad, after a visit to Europe, decided to build a European styled residence for himself. The foundation stone for the construction was laid by Sir Vicar on 3 March 1884. It took nine years to complete the construction and furnish the palace. Sir Vicar moved into the Gol Bangla and Zanana Mahel of the Falaknuma Palace in December 1890 and closely monitored the finishing work at the Mardana portion. He used the palace as his private residence until the palace was handed over to the 6th Nizam of Hyderabad around 1897–1898. The palace was built and furnished at a cost of ₹4 million (equivalent to ₹1.6 billion or US$20 million in 2020), which necessitated borrowing money from the Bank of Bengal. In the spring of 1897, the sixth Nizam of Hyderabad, Mir Mahbub Ali Khan was invited to stay at the palace. He extended his stay to a week, then a fortnight, and then a month, which prompted Sir Viqar to offer it to him. The Nizam accepted but paid some of the value of the palace; the Paigah family maintains that around ₹2 million (equivalent to ₹510 million or US$6.4 million in 2020) was paid. The Nizam used the palace as a guest house for the royal guests visiting the kingdom of Hyderabad. The list of royal visitors included King George V, Queen Mary, Edward VIII and Tsar Nicholas II. The palace fell into disuse after the 1950s. The last important guest was the President of India, Rajendra Prasad, in 1951. The palace was then restored after being leased by the Taj Group of Hotels. The restoration, which began in 2000, took ten years, and was managed by Princess Esra, the first wife of Mukarram Jah. Now, the hotel is again used to host guests in Hyderabad, such as Aga Khan IV, Ivanka Trump and Narendra Modi.","Falaknuma palace is a palace in Hyderabad, Telangana, India which is turned now to a luxurious hotel called Taj Falaknuma. Falaknuma built by the Paigah family, and was later owned by the Nizam of Hyderabad. Falaknuma palace covers a 13-hectare (32-acre) area with excellent architectural patterns and lush lawns and court yards. Falak-numa means ""Like the Sky"" or ""Mirror of Sky"" in Urdu. The palace has 60 rooms and 22 halls. It has considerable collections of paintings, statues, furniture, manuscripts, books, an extensive jade collection, and Venetian chandeliers. The dining hall can seat 101 guests. The chairs are made of carved rosewood with green leather upholstery.",information_extraction Name some of the popular sitcoms from 1990s,,"Some of the popular sitcoms from 1990s are: * Friends * Sienfeld * The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air * Family Matters * The Nanny",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Bougarabou, Haegeum",,"Haegeum is string, Bougarabou is percussion.",classification write a story a bout a man walking a dog by the river,,"Once upon a time, there was a man called John. John used to get up early and go by the nearby river to walk his dog. one day, while walking by the river John noticed something on the other bank of the river, it was bright and shiny. John started to walk faster to cross the river to the other side, and once he did he found that shiny thing to be dome glass that has a tiny door to the left of it. John never recalled he has seen anything like that before, but once he knocked the door, young beautiful girl open the door, and said Hi. John said Hi back, and he asked is there anyone else living here with you. and the girl said yes, my mom, she is inside, let me call her for you. The girl mom came out and said Hi, how can I help you. and John said, sorry I just noticed this nice shiny dome, and thought to check who is inside. the Lady said yes, we are travellers and we found this nice spot by the river, the dome you see is all made artificially by an AI system, so it look as shiny as possible. we will be camping here by the river for couple of days, then leave after. John said, ok, enjoy time here, and let me know if you need any help. the lady thanked him, and John took his dog back to the other side of the river and continued their walk.",creative_writing What is the difference between pursue and persuade?,,Pursue is to go after something to achieve a means. Persuade is to convince someone to do something.,open_qa What is so fragile that saying its name breaks it?,,The silence.,open_qa Where can you find the best bagel in the world?,,"Montreal bagels are the best in the world. The real magic is that Montréal bagels are baked in a wood-fired oven and the bakers simmer their dough in honey water, giving it a slight sweetness.",open_qa Provide a 10-step flow for a heterosexual couple's non-religious wedding ceremony.,,"1) Bride walks down the aisle 2) Officiant welcomes everyone 3) Officiant thanks the bride and groom's parents and all attendees for being there 4) Officiant recognizes family members who have passed away or could not attend 5) Officiant shares a quick history and their experience with the bride and groom 6) Family member or friend shares a non-religious reading, such as a poem or excerpt from a novel 7) Bride and groom exchange vows 8) Bride and groom exchange rings 9) Officiant introduces the bride and groom as husband and wife (""you may kiss the bride!"") 10) Bride and groom exit, walking back down the aisle, followed by bridal party",creative_writing "Given this paragraph about Lady Gaga, which album did ""Bloody Mary"" appear on?","""Bloody Mary"" is a song by American singer Lady Gaga recorded for her second studio album Born This Way (2011). Gaga, Fernando Garibay, and Paul ""DJ White Shadow"" Blair wrote and produced it; Clinton Sparks also received producer credit. ""Bloody Mary"" is an electropop song with elements of synth-pop and trance, and features Gregorian chants. Although the song's title is an epithet mostly associated with the English queen Mary Tudor, Gaga assumes the role of biblical figure Mary Magdalene in its lyrics, whom she considered a ""feminine force"" she had worshiped since her childhood in a Catholic girls school. It is one of several tracks on the album with religious themes.",Born this Way (2011),closed_qa Suggest some sports I can do solo?,,"You can run, swim, cycle, dance - all by yourself.",brainstorming "Tell me whether the following are ""useful"" or ""not useful"" when working remote: Internet connection, screaming babies, home office, second monitor, power outage",,"Internet Connection: Useful Screaming Babies: Not Useful Home Office: Useful Second Monitor: Useful Power Outage: Not Useful",classification What are the key steps for building a an in ground pool?,,"Pre-construction site meeting - Before starting the construction of your pool, schedule a pre-construction site meeting. With a design consultant present, a site supervisor will review the plans and inspect your yard to ensure no modifications to the design are required. Excavation - The hole is dug and excess dirt is removed or dropped. The hole will be slightly larger and deeper than the finished pool, as the pool wall and bottom will take up some of this area. Form & Steel - Now that the pool has been dug, the hole is with reinforced with “steel rebar” to add the strength required for your pool. City Inspections - After installing the steel rebar, an inspector will review your pool plans and inspect the job site to make sure everything is up to code. Gunite - Crews will spray / apply the concrete that makes up your pool’s shell and steps. If your pool design includes any swim-outs, fountains, or a gunite spa, those elements will be part of this phase as well. Backfill & grade - Once the gunite is dried, it’s time to start backfilling around the walls and braces. The material from excavation is used to fill in the space between the newly constructed shell of the pool and the rest of the backyard. Plumbing Installation & Inspection - Plumbing crews begin installation, and dig trenches to lay pipe from your pool to the pool equipment. Any pipes for water features such as sprays, fountains, or rock falls will be installed, along with pool return lines and skimmer(s). After the plumbing installation, the city will inspect the work completed. Site Grade - Prior to placing the decking, the construction crew will level out and compact the sub-base preparing for the patio. Tile & Coping Installation - Tile crews will install your pool’s waterline tile and coping. Additional work may also be performed during this phase by a different set of crews if rock is used in your pool’s design. If your pool design requires a retaining wall at the edge of any part of your deck, it will be constructed at this time. Deck Installation - Crews will form the shape and sand your deck and any planter areas. After this process is complete chosen rock or tile finish is applied. Electrical - Pre-Electrical Equipment Hook Up: Installing your pool pump, filter, and gas heater (if applicable). Run the conduit for the main electric supply used by your pool equipment. They will also install lighting and any wiring necessary for your pool. City inspection at this time as well. Screening - If you opted in for a screen, footers are poured and screen is constructed. Pool Plaster - Prepare the concrete surface of your swimming pool, and then apply your pool’s finish and fill the pool with water – finishes cured underwater. The water will need to stay on once it is started, without interruption, until your pool is full. Your pool will be considered completely full once the water reaches halfway up the tile line (middle of your waterline tile). Clean up & inspection - During this phase, remove any trash that was created during the construction of your pool, and also complete the final grade of your yard. In most communities, an inspector from your city will inspect your pool area to ensure it is safe to use and everything has been properly completed. Pool School - When the pool is balanced a Service Department will contact you to schedule an orientation. This orientation will answer any questions you may have about your new pool, as well as show you how to properly use your pool equipment. SWIM!",open_qa What are the best Japanese RPGs to try out?,,"JRPGs have been around since the late 80s and hence there are a lot of options to try out. If you're for something recent, games like Octopath Traveler (both the original and the sequel), the Xenoblade Chronicles series, or the latest Dragon Quest or Final Fantasy are all good bets. If you'd like to try a classic, try something like Final Fantasy 7, arguably the most famous JRPG in history, or Chrono Trigger, a cult classic that continues to have a large following today.",brainstorming In which Harry Potter's book did we learn about Voldemort's childhood?,,"Voldemort's childhood was depicted in Book 6 of Harry Potter and The Half-Bood's Price. Through the private lessons Harry had with Dumbledore, Harry learned about Voldemort's family and upbringing.",open_qa Give me a list of the seven most polluted cities in America,,"According to the American Lung Association, the 7 most polluted cities include 5 cities from California. The list is order is, Los Angeles-Long Beach, Bakersfield, Visalia, Fresno-Madera-Hanford, Phoenix-Mesa, San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, and Denver-Aurora",brainstorming How to plan a Lakehouse migration journey?,,"1. The discovery phase: Ask internal questions. The key to this step is to answer two questions: Where am I now, and where do I need to go? Make sure that you collect questionnaires from all your data teams, chief information officers, and other relevant stakeholders. Be prepared for a lot of new learning and self-discovery as teams test and validate assumptions. 2. The assessment phase: Make a migration assessment. Refine and evaluate the solutions on the table. Take an inventory of all migration items and prioritize the use cases. When you complete the migration assessment, you’ll have a clearer sense of your timeline and alignment with your original planned schedule. 3. The strategy phase: Conduct technical planning. Think through your target architecture and make sure it supports the business in the long term. You make crucial decisions in this phase on your ingestion strategy and technologies, extract, transform, load (ETL) patterns and tools, data organization principles in the lakehouse, and semantic and reporting layer architectural and tool choices. 4.The production pilot phase: Complete evaluation and enablement. Understand what your new platform has to offer. Conduct targeted demos or plans to help vet your approach. 5. The execution phase: Execute your migration. The rubber meets the road — make sure you get this migration right the first time.",open_qa "Are these places in the United States or Spain? California, New Mexico, Andalusia, Catalonia, Utah, Madrid, Texas",,"California: US, New Mexico: US, Andalusia: Spain, Catalonia: Spain, Utah: US, Madrid: Spain, Texas: US",classification Which is a species of fish? Trumpeter or Trump,,Trumpeter,classification What is the second oldest ballpark in Major League Baseball?,,"The second oldest ballpark in Major League Baseball is Wrigley Field in Chicago, IL. It was built in 1914, two years after Fenway Park opened in Boston, MA.",open_qa "Classify the below based on whether they are tree or animal. Deer, Goat, Acacia, Banyan",,"Animal - Deer, Goat Tree - Acacia, Banyan",classification What is the standard loft of a 9-iron in golf?,,The standard loft in today's 9-irons ranges from 45 to 48 degrees.,open_qa "Based on the passage provided, what is the difference between Amdahl's law and the law of diminishing returns?","Amdahl's law is often conflated with the law of diminishing returns, whereas only a special case of applying Amdahl's law demonstrates law of diminishing returns. If one picks optimally (in terms of the achieved speedup) what is to be improved, then one will see monotonically decreasing improvements as one improves. If, however, one picks non-optimally, after improving a sub-optimal component and moving on to improve a more optimal component, one can see an increase in the return. Note that it is often rational to improve a system in an order that is ""non-optimal"" in this sense, given that some improvements are more difficult or require larger development time than others. Amdahl's law does represent the law of diminishing returns if one is considering what sort of return one gets by adding more processors to a machine, if one is running a fixed-size computation that will use all available processors to their capacity. Each new processor added to the system will add less usable power than the previous one. Each time one doubles the number of processors the speedup ratio will diminish, as the total throughput heads toward the limit of 1/(1 − p). This analysis neglects other potential bottlenecks such as memory bandwidth and I/O bandwidth. If these resources do not scale with the number of processors, then merely adding processors provides even lower returns. An implication of Amdahl's law is that to speed up real applications which have both serial and parallel portions, heterogeneous computing techniques are required. There are novel speedup and energy consumption models based on a more general representation of heterogeneity, referred to as the normal form heterogeneity, that support a wide range of heterogeneous many-core architectures. These modelling methods aim to predict system power efficiency and performance ranges, and facilitates research and development at the hardware and system software levels.","The law of diminishing returns represents a special case of the application of Amdahl's law. The passage provides an example of a scenario where Amdahl's law represents the law of diminishing returns. In this scenario one is running a fixed sized computation that will use all available processors to their capacity and is considering what sort of return can be achieved by adding more processors to a machine. Applying Amdahl's law tells us that each new processor added to the system will add less usable power than the previous. In other words, each new processor yields diminishing returns.",information_extraction Think up of different foods that are good for when you are sick,,"Warm tea, chicken noodle soup, oranges, ginger chews",brainstorming What are the most important metrics for a Sales Leader?,,"Pipeline, Pipeline Coverage, Salescycle time, conversion rate, MQOs, SQOs, MQLs, Quota Attainment %",brainstorming Who are the Seven Dwarfs?,,"The seven dwarfs are commonly referred as seven fictional characters in the fairy tale Snow White. According to the fairy tale, the seven dwarfs live in a cottage in the wood. Snow White's step mother, the Queen of the kingdom, wants Snow White dead and sends a huntsman to kill her. Snow White escapes form the Queen and hides in the dwarfs cottage. When the Queen knows Snow White is still alive, she goes to the dwarfs' cottage in disguise and offer Snow White a magic poisoned apple that causes her to faint. When the dwarfs return back that day from work in the mines, they find Snow White unconscious and believe she is dead. The dwarfs place Snow White in a glass coffin. After some time, a prince finds Snow White in the coffin and kisses her. Snow White wakes up, marries the prince and live happily ever after.",creative_writing What is a console war in video games?,"In the video game industry, a console war describes the competition between two or more video game console manufacturers in trying to achieve better consumer sales through more advanced console technology, an improved selection of video games, and general marketing around their consoles. While console manufacturers are generally always trying to out-perform other manufacturers in sales, these console wars engage in more direct tactics to compare their offerings directly against their competitors or to disparage the competition in contrast to their own, and thus the marketing efforts have tended to escalate in back-and-forth pushes. While there have been many console wars to date, the term became popular between Sega and Nintendo during the late 1980s and early 1990s as Sega attempted to break into the United States video game market with its Sega Genesis console. Through a novel marketing approach and improved hardware, Sega had been able to gain a majority of the video game console market by 1991, three years after the Genesis’ launch. This caused back and forth competition between the two companies throughout the early 1990s. However, Nintendo eventually regained its market share and Sega stopped making home console hardware by 2001.","The video game console market started in 1972 with the release of the first home console, the Magnavox Odyssey. As more manufacturers entered the market and technology improved, the market began to coalesce around the concept of console generations, groupings of consoles with similar technical specifications that vied in the consumer marketplace. Since 1972, there have been nine such console generations, with two to three dominant manufacturers controlling the marketplace as an oligopoly. As with most industries without a single dominant leader, console manufacturers have marketed their products in a manner to highlight them in a more favorable manner compared to their competitors', or to focus on features that their competitors may lack, often in aggressive manners. For example, console manufacturers in the 1980s and 1990s heavily relied on the word size of the central processor unit, emphasizing that games had better capabilities with 16-bit processors over 8-bit ones. This type of aggressive marketing led video game journalists to call the competitive marketing a ""war"" or ""battle"" as early as August 1988. As each new console generation emerged with new marketing approaches, journalists and consumers continued to use variations of the ""war"" language, including ""system wars"" and ""console wars"". By the early 2000s, the term ""console war"" was most commonly used to describe heated competition between console manufacturers within any generation. While not the only console war, the rivalry between Sega and Nintendo for dominance of the North American video game market in the late 1980s and early 1990s is generally the most visible example of a console war. It established the use of aggressive marketing and advertising tactics by each company to try to gain control of the marketplace, and ended around 1995 when a new player, Sony, entered and disrupted the console space. The United States video game industry suffered a severe market crash in 1983 from numerous factors which led to a larger market recession and increasing popularity of personal computers as a video game platform. A key contributing factor to the crash was the loss of publishing control for console games. Early success by some of the first third-party developers like Activision for the Atari VCS console led to venture capitalists bringing in teams of inexperienced programmers to try to capture the same success, but only managed to flood the market with poor quality games, which made it difficult for good quality games to sell. The video game crash impacted other factors in the industry that were already in decline, such as video game arcades. In Japan, Nintendo had released its Famicom (Family Computer) console in 1983, one of the first consoles of the third generation or the ""8-bit"" generation. Japan did not have a similar third-party development system in place, and Nintendo maintained control on the manufacturing of game cartridges for the Famicom using a licensing model to limit which third-party games were published on it. The Famicom did launch with a technical fault that Nintendo scrambled to fix, but by the end of 1984, the Famicom was the best-selling console in Japan. Nintendo looked to release the unit in the United States, but recognized that the market was still struggling from the 1983 crash. Nintendo took several steps to redesign the Famicom prior to a United States launch. It was made to look like a VCR unit rather than a console, and was given the name the ""Nintendo Entertainment System"" to distance it from being a video game console. Further, Nintendo added a special 10NES lockout system that worked as a lock-and-key system with game cartridges to further prevent unauthorized games from being published for the system and avoid the loss of publishing control that had caused the 1983 crash. The NES revitalized the U.S. video game industry and established Nintendo as the dominant name in video game consoles over Atari. In lifetime sales, the NES had sold nearly 62 million units worldwide, with 34 million in North America. At the same time, Sega was looking to get into the video game console industry as well, having been a successful arcade game manufacturer, but due to the downturn in arcade game business, looked to use that expertise for the home market. They released the SG-1000 console in Japan the same day as the Famicom in 1983, but sold only 160,000 units of the SG-1000 in its first year. Sega redesigned the SG-1000 twice to try to build a system to challenge Nintendo's dominance; the SG-1000 Mark II remained compatible with the SG-1000 but failed to gain any further sales. The next iteration, the Sega Mark III, was released in 1985, using Sega's arcade hardware for its internals to provide more refined graphics. The console was slightly more powerful than the Famicom, and Sega's marketing attempted to push on the more advanced graphics their system offered over the Famicom. However, Sega found that Nintendo had also contracted other developers to only develop their games exclusive to the Famicom, and Sega was forced to develop their own titles or to port the games from the other developers themselves, limiting the size of the Mark III's library in Japan. Sega attempted to follow Nintendo with a worldwide release of the Mark III, rebranded as the Master System. The Master System was released in the United States in 1986, but Nintendo had similar licensing practices in the U.S. to keep developers exclusive to the NES, limiting the library of games that Sega could offer and to also ensure that another gaming crash didn't begin. Further, Sega's third-party distributor, the toy company Tonka, opted against localizing several of the Japanese games Sega had created, further capping the game library Sega could offer in the U.S. Only a total estimated two million systems were sold. The Sega and Nintendo console war primarily centered on the launch of the Sega Genesis to try to outsell the Nintendo Entertainment System in the United States. The fourth generation of video game consoles was started by the launch of NEC's PC Engine in 1987 in Japan. While the PC Engine used an 8-bit CPU, it included 16-bit graphic rendering components, and NEC marketed this heavily as a 16-bit game console to distinguish it from the Famicom and Mark III; when NEC brought the PC Engine worldwide, it was rebranded as the ""TurboGrafx-16"" to emphasize this. After the release of the TurboGrafx-16, use of the bit designation caught on. Which led manufacturers to focus their advertising heavily on the number of bits in a console system for the next two console generations. NEC was another competitor to Sega and Nintendo. Following a similar path they had done for the Mark III, Sega used their arcade game technology, now using 16-bit processor boards, and adapted those into a home console, released in Japan in October 1988 as the Mega Drive. Compared to its prior consoles, the Mega Drive was designed to be more mature-looking and less like a toy compared to the Famicom to appeal to an older demographic of gamers, and ""16-bit"" was emblazoned on the console's case to emphasize this feature. While the system was positively received by gaming magazines like Famitsu, it was overshadowed by the release a week prior of Super Mario Bros. 3 for the Famicom. As with the Master System, Sega also planned for a major push of the Mega Drive into the United States to challenge Nintendo's dominance among other markets, with the unit rebranded as the Sega Genesis. Sega was dissatisfied with Tonka's handling of the Master System and so sought a new partner through the Atari Corporation led by Jack Tramiel. Tramiel was bullish on the Genesis due to its cost, and turned down the offer, instead focusing more on the company's computer offerings. Sega instead used its dormant Sega of America branch to run a limited launch of the console in August 1989 in test markets of New York City and Los Angeles, with its launch system being bundled with the port of the arcade game Altered Beast. In October 1989, the company named former Atari Entertainment Electronics Division president Michael Katz as CEO of Sega of America to implement a marketing strategy for a nation-wide push of the Genesis with a target of one million consoles. Katz used a two-prong strategy to challenge Nintendo. The first was to stress the arcade-like capabilities of the Genesis with the capabilities of games like Altered Beast compared to the simpler 8-bit graphics of the NES, and devising slogans such as ""Genesis does what Nintendon't.""Katz also observed that Nintendo still held most of the rights to arcade game ports for the NES, so the second part of his strategy was to work with the Japanese headquarters of Sega to pay celebrities for their naming rights for games like Pat Riley Basketball, Arnold Palmer Golf, Joe Montana Football, and Michael Jackson's Moonwalker. Most of these games were developed by Sega's Japanese programmers, though notably, Joe Montana Football had originally been developed by Mediagenic, the new name for Activision after it had become more involved in publishing and business application development alongside games. Mediagenic had started a football game which Katz wanted to brand under Joe Montana's name, but unknown to Katz at the time, the game was only partially finished due to internal strife at Mediagenic. After the deal had been completed and Katz learned of this, he took the game to Electronic Arts. Electronic Arts had already made itself a significant force in the industry as they had been able to reverse engineer the cartridge format for both the NES and the Genesis, though Electronic Arts' CEO Trip Hawkins felt it was better for the company to develop for the Genesis. Electronic Arts used their reverse engineering knowledge as part of their negotiations with Sega to secure a freer licensing contract to develop openly on the Genesis, which proved beneficial for both companies. At the time Katz had secured Mediagenic's Joe Montana football, Electronic Arts was working on its John Madden Football series for personal computers. Electronic Arts was able to help bring Joe Montana Football, more as an arcade title compared to the strategic John Madden Football, to reality, as well as bringing John Madden Football over as a Genesis title. The second push in 1991 The Genesis still struggled in the United States against Nintendo, and only sold about 500,000 units by mid-1990. Nintendo had released Super Mario Bros. 3 in February 1990 which further drove sales away from Sega's system. Nintendo themselves did not seem to be affected by either Sega's or NEC's entry into the console market. Sega's president Hayao Nakayama wanted the company to develop an iconic mascot character and build a game around it as one means to challenge Nintendo's own Mario mascot. Company artist Naoto Ohshima came up with the concept of Sonic the Hedgehog, a fast anthropomorphic character with an ""attitude"" that would appeal to teenagers and incorporating the blue color of Sega's logo, and Yuji Naka helped to develop the game Sonic the Hedgehog to showcase the character as well as the graphics and processing speed of the Genesis.The game was ready by early 1991 and launched in North America in June 1991. Separately, Sega fired Katz and replaced him with Tom Kalinske as Sega of America's new CEO in mid-1990. Kalinske had been president of Mattel and did not have much experience in video games but recognized the razor and blades model, and developed a new strategy for Sega's push to challenge Nintendo's dominance in America with four key decisions, which included cutting the price of the Genesis from $189 to $149, and continue the same aggressive marketing campaigns to make the Genesis look ""cool"" over the NES and of Nintendo's upcoming Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES). Further, Kalinske pushed hard for American developers like Electronic Arts to create games on the Genesis that would better fit American preferences, particularly sports simulation games which the console had gained a reputation for. Finally, Kalinske insisted on making Sonic the Hedgehog the bundled game on the system following its release in June 1991, replacing Altered Beast and even offering those that had purchased a Genesis with Altered Beast a trade-in replacement for Sonic. Under Kalinske, Sega also revamped their advertising approach, aiming for more of a young adult audience, as Nintendo still was positioning the SNES as a child-friendly console. Advertising focused on Sonic, the edgier games in the Genesis library, and its larger library of sports games which appealed to this group. Television ads for the Genesis and its games ended with the ""Sega Scream"" – a character shouting the name ""Sega"" to the camera in the final shot – which also caught on quickly. These changes, all predating the SNES's planned North American release in September 1991, gave Sega its first gain on Nintendo in the U.S. market. Further, the price cut to $149 made the Genesis a cheaper option than the planned $199 price for the SNES led many families to purchase the Genesis instead of waiting for the SNES. The Genesis had a larger library of games for the U.S. with over 150 titles by the time the SNES launched alongside eight games, and Sega continued to push out titles that drew continuous press throughout the year, whereas with the SNES, its game library was generally held up by flagship Mario and Zelda games that only came at out once a year, along with less which further made the Genesis a more desirable option. For Nintendo, up until 1991, they had been passive towards Sega's approach in North America, but as the SNES launch approach, the company recognized that they were losing ground. The company shifted their advertising in North America to focus on more of the advanced features of the SNES that were not present in the Genesis, such as its Mode 7 to create simulated 3D perspective effects.The initial shipment of one million SNES units sold out quickly and a total of 3.4 million SNES were sold by the end of 1991, a record for a new console launch, but the Genesis maintained strong sales against the SNES. The Genesis's resilience against the SNES led several of Nintendo's third-party developers to break their exclusive development agreements with Nintendo and seek out licenses to also develop for Genesis. Including Acclaim, Konami, Tecmo, Taito, and Capcom. The latter of which arranged to have a special licensing mechanism with Sega, allowing them to publish select titles exclusively for the Genesis. During this period, the push for marketing by both Nintendo and Sega led to the growth of video game magazines. Nintendo had already established Nintendo Power in 1988 in part to serve as a help guide for players on its popular titles, and was able to use this further to advertise the SNES and upcoming games. Numerous other titles grew in the late 1980s and early 1990s, giving Sega the opportunity to market its games heavily in these publications. The war escalates in 1992 and 1993 Nintendo publicly acknowledged that it knew it was no longer in the dominant position in the console market by 1992. A year into the SNES's release, the SNES's price was lowered to $149 to match the Genesis, to which Sega reduced the Genesis to $129 shortly after. The SNES was helped by Capcom's decision to maintain exclusivity of its home port of its popular brawler arcade game Street Fighter II: The World Warrior to the SNES when it was released in June 1992. While the SNES outsold the Genesis in the U.S. in 1992. the Genesis still had a larger install base. By the start of 1993, the Genesis had captured about 55% of the market, a stark contrast to 1990 when Nintendo had controlled 90% of the market. The success of Street Fighter II both as an arcade game and as a home console title led to the growth of the fighting game genre, and numerous variations from other developers followed. Of significant interest was Midway's Mortal Kombat, released to arcades in 1992. Compared to most other fighting games at the time, Mortal Kombat was much more violent. The game showed combatants’ blood splatter during combat and allowed players to end matches in graphically intense ""fatalities.” Because of its controversial style and gameplay, the game proved extremely popular in arcades. By 1993, Both Nintendo and Sega recognized the need to have Mortal Kombat on their consoles. However, Nintendo, fearing issues with the game’s violence, licensed a “clean” version of the game from Acclaim for the SNES. Which included replacing the blood splatter with sweat and removing the aforementioned fatalities. Sega also licensed a censored version of the game for the Genesis. However, players could enter a cheat code that reverted the game back to its original arcade version. Both home versions were released in September, and approximately 6.5 million units were sold over the game’s lifetime. But the Genesis version was more popular with three to five times more sales than its SNES counterpart. External video video icon C-SPAN footage of the first congressional hearing on December 9, 1993. The popularity of the home console version of Mortal Kombat, coupled with other moral panics in the early 1990s, led to concerns from parents, activists and lawmakers in the United States, leading up to the 1993 congressional hearings on video games first held in December. Led by Senators Joe Lieberman and Herb Kohl, the Senate Committees on Governmental Affairs and the Judiciary brought several of the video game industry leaders, including Howard Lincoln, vice president of Nintendo of America, and Bill White, vice president of Sega of America, to discuss the way they marketed games like Mortal Kombat and Night Trap on consoles to children. Lincoln and White accused each other's companies of creating the issue at hand. Lincoln stated that Nintendo had taken a curated approach to selecting games for their consoles, and that violent games had no place in the market. White responded that Sega purposely was targeting an older audience than Nintendo, and had created a ratings system for its games that it had been trying to encourage the rest of the industry to use; further, despite Nintendo's oversight, White pointed out that there were still many Nintendo titles that incorporated violence.With neither Lincoln nor White giving much play, Lieberman concluded the first hearing with a warning that the industry needs to come together with some means to regulate video games or else Congress would pass laws to do this for them. By the time of the second hearing in March 1994, the industry had come together to form the Interactive Digital Software Association (today the Entertainment Software Association) and were working to establish the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB), a ratings panel, which ultimately was introduced by September 1994. Despite Sega offering its ratings system as a starting point, Nintendo refused to work with that as they still saw Sega as their rival, requiring a wholly new system to be created. The ESRB eventually established a form modelled off the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA)'s rating system for film, and the committee was satisfied with the proposed system and allowed the video game industry to continue without further regulations. The arrival of Sony and the end of the war The Sega Saturn (top) and Nintendo 64 (middle) struggled against Sony's newcomer, the PlayStation, which ultimately ended Sega and Nintendo's console war. In 1994 and 1995, there was a contraction in the video game industry, with NPD Group reporting a 17% and 19% year-to-year drop in revenue. While Sega had been outperforming Nintendo in 1993, it still carried corporate debt while Nintendo remained debt-free from having a more dominant position in the worldwide market, even beating Sega in the North American and US market winning the 16 bit console war. To continue to fight Nintendo, Sega's next console was the Sega Saturn, first released in November 1994 in Japan. It brought in technology used by Sega's arcade games that used 3d polygonal graphics, and launch titles featured home versions of these arcade games including Virtua Fighter. While Virtua Fighter was not a pack-in game, sales of the title were nearly 1:1 with the console in Japan. Sega, recognizing that they had numerous consoles with disparate games they were now trying to support, decided to put most of their attention onto the Saturn line going forward, dropping support for the Genesis despite its sales still being strong in the United States at the time. At the same time, a new competitor in the console marketplace emerged, Sony Computer Entertainment, with the introduction of the PlayStation in December 1994. Sega, aware of Sony's potential competition in Japan, made sure to have enough Saturns ready for sale on the day the PlayStation first shipped as to overwhelm Sony's offering. Both Sega and Sony turned to move these units to the North American market. With the formation of the ISDA, a new North American tradeshow, the Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) was created in 1995 to focus on video games, to distinguish it from the Consumer Electronics Show (CES), which covered all home electronics. Nintendo, Sega and Sony gave their full support to E3 in 1995. Sega believed they had the stronger position going into E3 over Sony, as gaming publications, comparing the Saturn to the PlayStation, rated the Saturn as the better system. At the first E3 in May 1995, Sega's Kalinske premiered the North American version of the Saturn, announced its various features and its selling price of $399, and said that while it would officially launch that same day, they had already sent a number of systems to selected vendors for sale. Sony's Olaf Olafsson of Sony Electronic Publishing began to cover the PlayStation features, then invited Steve Race, president of Sony Computer Entertainment America to the stage. Race stated the launch price of the PlayStation, ""$299"", and then left to ""thunderous applause"". The surprise price cut caught Sega off-guard, and, in addition to several stores pulling Sega from their lineup due to being shunned from early Saturn sales, the higher price point made it more difficult for them to sell the system. When the PlayStation officially launched in the United States in September 1995, its sales over the first two days exceeded what the Saturn had sold over the prior five months. Because Sega had invested heavily on Saturn into the future, Sony's competition drastically hurt the company's finances. In the case of Nintendo, they bypassed the 32-bit CPU and instead their next offering was the Nintendo 64, a 64-bit CPU console first released in June 1996. While this gave them powerful capabilities such as 3D graphics to keep up and surpass those on the Saturn and PlayStation, it was still a cartridge-based system limiting how much information could be stored for each game. This decision ultimately cost them Square Soft who moved their popular Final Fantasy series over to the PlayStation line to take advantage of the larger space on optical media. The first PlayStation game in the series, Final Fantasy VII, drove sales of the PlayStation, further weakening Nintendo's position and driving Sega further out of the market. By this point, the console war between Nintendo and Sega had evaporated, with both companies now facing Sony as their rival. Sega made one more console, the Dreamcast, which had a number of innovative features including a built-in modem for online connectivity, but the console's lifespan was short-lived in part due to the success of Sony's next product, the PlayStation 2, one of the best-selling home consoles of all time. Sega left the home console hardware business in 2001 to focus on software development and licensing. Nintendo remains a key player in the home console business, but more recently has taken a ""blue ocean strategy"" approach to avoid competing directly with Sony or Microsoft on a feature-for-feature basis with consoles like the Wii, Nintendo DS, and Nintendo Switch. The Sega/Nintendo console war is the subject of the non-fiction novel Console Wars by Blake Harris in 2014, as well as a film adaption/documentary of the book in 2020. Sega and Nintendo have since collaborated on various software titles. Sega has developed a biennial Mario & Sonic at the Olympics series of sports games based on the Summer and Winter Olympics since 2008 featuring characters from both the Super Mario and Sonic series, while Nintendo has developed the Super Smash Bros. crossover fighter series for numerous Nintendo properties that has included Sonic as a playable character along with other Sonic characters in supporting roles since Super Smash Bros. Brawl. 1990s handheld consoles. A number of major handheld consoles were released on the market within about a year of each other: Nintendo's Game Boy, Sega's Game Gear, and the Atari Lynx. While the Game Boy used a monochromatic display, both the Game Gear and Lynx had colour displays. As these handheld releases were alongside the Sega v. Nintendo console war, they were also subject to heavy marketing and advertising to try to draw consumersHowever, the Game Boy ultimately won out in this battle, selling over 118 million units over its lifetime (including its future revisions) compared to 10 million for the Game Gear and 3 million for the Lynx. The Game Boy initially sold for $50 or more cheaper than its competitors, and had a larger library of games, including what is considered the handheld's killer app, Tetris, that drew non-gamers to purchase the handheld to play it. The Hyperdimension Neptunia series of video games started as a parody of the console wars, incorporating personified consoles, developers, consumers, and other such figures within the gaming industry.",summarization What are different routes a wide receiver could run if the team needs to gain over 10 yards in one play.,,"If a team needs to gain over 10 years in one play, a wide receiver should run a route that goes over 10 yards to ensure enough yardage is gained on the play. Routes that go longer than 10 yards are: 1. Fly route 2. Deep post route 3. Deep corner route 4. Dig route",brainstorming List the British prime ministers since world war 2,,"Winston Churchill (1940-1945), Clement Attlee (1945-1951), Winston Churchill (1951-1955), Anthony Eden (1955-1957), Harold Macmillan (1957-1963), Alec Douglas-Home (1963-1964), Harold Wilson (1964-1970), Edward Heath (1970-1974), Harold Wilson (1974-1976), James Callaghan (1976-1979), Margaret Thatcher (1979-1990), John Major (1990-1997), Tony Blair (1997-2007), Gordon Brown (2007-2010), David Cameron (2010-2016), Theresa May (2016-2019), Boris Johnson (2019-2022), Liz Truss (2022), Rishi Sunak (2022-present)",brainstorming Who are the best starting MLB pitchers of all time?,,"There are many ways to argue who the best pitchers of all time are. Some of the criteria to consider are Cy Young Awards, ERA titles, strike out titles and records, post season success, and longevity. With these criteria heavily considered some of the best MLB pitchers of all time could be as follows. 5. Roger Clemens (The Rocket) pitched for 24 seasons and compiled accolades such as a record holding 7 Cy Young Awards, an MVP title, 5 strike out titles, 7 ERA titles, and won 2 World Series titles. 4. Pedro Martinez had the 4th highest win percentage in history, won the world series, won 3 Cy Young Awards, an MVP Award, and is one of only 4 pitchers to ever have more than 3,000 strike outs while walking fewer than 1,000. 3. Randy Johnson (The Big Unit) played for 22 MLB seasons and is the all time record holder for Wins, ranks 2nd all time for strike outs, won 5 Cy Young Awards, won The World Series. 2. Cy Young is one of the most legendary pitchers of all time and the annual award for the best pitcher in each MLB league is named after him. Some of his many accomplishments are that he is the all time leader for wins, innings pitched, and complete games. 1. Walter Johnson (The Big Train) was one of the ""First Five"" inaugurated into the MLB hall of fame. He is the all time leader in shut outs and was the all time leader for strikeouts for more than 55 years. He won The World Series and also is the all time leader for leading the league in strike outs 12 times.",brainstorming What color is the Lethata dispersa?,"Lethata dispersa is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Brazil (Matto Grosso) The wingspan is about 23 mm. The forewings are yellow with the costa rosy and the dorsum narrowly edged brown and with a faint spot in the fold brown. There is a spot at the end of the cell consisting of a ring of brown enclosing a whitish spot. There is an oblique brown line extending from the costa at near the midpoint through a spot at the end of the cell to the tornus. The terminal line is brown. The hindwings are grey.","Lethata dispersa is a moth with a variety of different colors. It has yellow forewings, grey hindwings, and features brown at the dorsum, with a ring of brown enclosing a white spot.",information_extraction Name some of Sweden's most famous companies,,"Here are some examples of Sweden's most famous companies. Volvo Hennes & Mauritz Electrolux IKEA Spotify Klarna",open_qa "Who are some of the main characters in the show ""South Park""?",,"Some of the main characters in the show ""South Park"" are Cartman, Kenny, Kyle, and Stan.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Khol, Mondol",,"Mondol is string, Khol is percussion.",classification "Based on this paragraph about a singer, how many top-ten singles has Rihanna had in the United States?","With sales of over 250 million records worldwide, Rihanna is the second-best-selling female music artist of all time. She has earned 14 number-ones and 32 top-ten singles in the US and 31 top-ten entries in the UK. Her accolades include nine Grammy Awards, 13 American Music Awards (including the Icon Award), 12 Billboard Music Awards, six Guinness World Records, the NAACP's President's Award, and an Academy Award nomination. Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2012 and 2018. Forbes ranked her among the top ten highest-paid celebrities in 2012 and 2014. As of 2023, she is the wealthiest female musician, with an estimated net worth of $1.4 billion.",32,closed_qa "Tell me whether these are different types of galaxies or different types of ecosystems: Forest, Grassland, Irregular, Spiral, Aquatic, Desert, Elliptical, Tundra, Marine",,"The different types of galaxies include: Irregular, spiral, and elliptical. The different types of ecosystems include: Forest, Grassland, Aquatic, Desert, Tundra, and Marine.",classification What is a safe temperature for a hot bath?,,Its advisable to stay between 101 and 105 degrees fahrenheit for a hot bath to ensure you don't burn your skin.,open_qa "Classify the following hockey teams as either National Hockey League (NHL) or American Hockey League (AHL): Abbotsford Canucks, Bakersfield Condors, Belleville Senators, Bridgeport Islanders, Calgary Wranglers, Charlotte Checkers, Chicago Wolves, Cleveland Monsters, Coachella Valley Firebirds, Colorado Eagles, Grand Rapids Griffins, Hartford Wolf Pack, Henderson Silver Knights, Hershey Bears, Iowa Wild, Laval Rocket, Lehigh Valley Phantoms, Manitoba Moose, Milwaukee Admirals, Ontario Reign, Providence Bruins, Rochester Americans, Rockford IceHogs, San Diego Gulls, San Jose Barracuda, Springfield Thunderbirds, Syracuse Crunch, Texas Stars, Toronto Marlies, Tucson Roadrunners, Utica Comets, Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins, Anaheim Ducks, Arizona Coyotes, Boston Bruins, Buffalo Sabres, Calgary Flames, Carolina Hurricanes, Chicago Blackhawks, Colorado Avalanche, Columbus Blue Jackets, Dallas Stars, Detroit Red Wings, Edmonton Oilers, Florida Panthers, Los Angeles Kings, Minnesota Wild, Montreal Canadiens, Nashville Predators, New Jersey Devils, New York Islanders, New York Rangers, Ottawa Senators, Philadelphia Flyers, Pittsburgh Penguins, San Jose Sharks, Seattle Kraken, St Louis Blues, Tampa Bay Lightning, Toronto Maple Leafs, Vancouver Canucks, Vegas Golden Knights, Washington Capitals, Winnipeg Jets",,"AHL: Abbotsford Canucks, Bakersfield Condors, Belleville Senators, Bridgeport Islanders, Calgary Wranglers, Charlotte Checkers, Chicago Wolves, Cleveland Monsters, Coachella Valley Firebirds, Colorado Eagles, Grand Rapids Griffins, Hartford Wolf Pack, Henderson Silver Knights, Hershey Bears, Iowa Wild, Laval Rocket, Lehigh Valley Phantoms, Manitoba Moose, Milwaukee Admirals, Ontario Reign, Providence Bruins, Rochester Americans, Rockford IceHogs, San Diego Gulls, San Jose Barracuda, Springfield Thunderbirds, Syracuse Crunch, Texas Stars, Toronto Marlies, Tucson Roadrunners, Utica Comets, Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins NHL: Anaheim Ducks, Arizona Coyotes, Boston Bruins, Buffalo Sabres, Calgary Flames, Carolina Hurricanes, Chicago Blackhawks, Colorado Avalanche, Columbus Blue Jackets, Dallas Stars, Detroit Red Wings, Edmonton Oilers, Florida Panthers, Los Angeles Kings, Minnesota Wild, Montreal Canadiens, Nashville Predators, New Jersey Devils, New York Islanders, New York Rangers, Ottawa Senators, Philadelphia Flyers, Pittsburgh Penguins, San Jose Sharks, Seattle Kraken, St Louis Blues, Tampa Bay Lightning, Toronto Maple Leafs, Vancouver Canucks, Vegas Golden Knights, Washington Capitals, Winnipeg Jets",classification "Which of the following is not a Hemsworth brother? Chris, Liam, Reginald, Bobert, Robert, Luke",,"Reginald, Bobert, and Robert are not Hemsworth brothers.",classification What was Freddie Mercury's real name?,,Farrokh Bulsara,open_qa What is the objective of hockey?,,Ice hockey is a sport played by 2 opposing teams. The objective is for a team to score more goals than their opponents. Goals are scored by shooting a puck into the opposing team's net.,open_qa Give me a quick exercise I can do every day,,"Choose a body-weight exercise of your choice - for example push ups, squats or lunges. Set a timer for 2 minutes. Do as many repetitions as you can before the 2 minutes are up. Take break as often as you need. Do this every day and track the number of repetitions.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Binzasara, Calabrian Lira",,"Calabrian Lira is string, Binzasara is percussion.",classification "When Aegon the Conqueror took over Westeros, which great house of the Reach became extinct as a result?",,House Gardener became extinct during Aegon's Conquest. House Tyrell was then granted rule of The Reach.,open_qa Who were the Sumerians?,,"The Sumerian culture (3000-2350 BC) is regarded as humanity's first urban civilization. It originated in southern Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and is related to Neolithic cultures, particularly the Uruk culture. They invented the wheel and writing, had a division of labor-based organization, and were incredible builders. Their Sumerian language is unrelated to any other known language. Sumerian is a cuneiform language, with ideograms, symbols, and abstract forms representing ideas rather than specific words or sounds.",open_qa By what other name does Bunnie DeFord go by?,Jelly Roll is married to Bunnie DeFord aka Bunnie XO and has two children from a previous relationship.,Bunnie XO,closed_qa Think of five quirky marketing slogans for a new Fashion Brand TV campaign. It must be a little arrogant and sharp.,,"1. ""There is no good and evil. There is only [BRAND] and those too weak to see it."" 2. ""For the advanced mind, [BRAND] is but the next great adventure. 3. ""Earth, Wind, Water & Fire is for present. [BRAND] is for future. 4. ""[BRAND]. Style for the ages in an ageless dystopian world. 5. The show must go on. The show is.. [BRAND].",brainstorming How to play tic-tac-toe,"There is no universally-agreed rule as to who plays first, but in this article the convention that X plays first is used. Players soon discover that the best play from both parties leads to a draw. Hence, tic-tac-toe is often played by young children who may not have discovered the optimal strategy. Because of the simplicity of tic-tac-toe, it is often used as a pedagogical tool for teaching the concepts of good sportsmanship and the branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the searching of game trees. It is straightforward to write a computer program to play tic-tac-toe perfectly or to enumerate the 765 essentially different positions (the state space complexity) or the 26,830 possible games up to rotations and reflections (the game tree complexity) on this space. If played optimally by both players, the game always ends in a draw, making tic-tac-toe a futile game.","Tic-tac-toe is played on a three-by-three grid by two players, who alternately place the marks X and O in one of the nine spaces in the grid. Tic-tac-toe (American English), noughts and crosses (Commonwealth English), or Xs and Os (Canadian or Irish English) is a paper-and-pencil game for two players who take turns marking the spaces in a three-by-three grid with X or O. The player who succeeds in placing three of their marks in a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal row is the winner. It is a solved game, with a forced draw assuming best play from both players.",closed_qa What type of movie is Nope?,,Nope is a science-fiction horror movie released in 2022.,classification How are the teams which qualify for the National Football League Playoffs determined?,,"The 32 teams that comprise the National Football League are organized by two conferences, the American and National, with four divisions of four teams in each conference. Each year the team with the best record in their division automatically qualifies for the playoffs. In addition, the three remaining teams with the best records in each conference also qualify and are designated as ""wildcards"". Tiebreakers are used to determine who makes the playoffs in scenarios where two or more teams finish with the same number of wins. Tiebreakers can include head-to-head competition, record in conference, and record against common opponents.",open_qa "How many players are there on each side of a water polo game, including the goalie",,There are seven players on each side of a water polo game,open_qa "Classify the following information as 'PII' or 'not PII' : Social Security Number, Home Address, Age, Number of Employees, City Population, Gender, Business Phone",,"Social Security Number - PII Home Address - PII Age - PII Number of Employees - Not PII City Population - Not PII Gender - Not PII Business Phone - Not PII",classification Provide a list of things a young felon can do when they get out of jail to turn their life around,,"1. Move in with family, they are the only ones that actually want the best for you 2. Completely disconnect from your past “friends”, you want them to think you’re dead 3. Get a job right away, a restaurant will be the easiest as they don’t do background checks so yes, lie on the application in this case 4. Go to school, start at a jr college with a plan to transfer to a university, not a bs for profit school but an actual well know university 5. Do not pick a major out of passion….pick a major to get you out of the hole you dug yourself into….anything business related like finance or tech related like data science is a great place to start 6. Get on the honor roll, do whatever it takes, yes, you need to actually read the textbooks 7. Stay on top of your mental health and recovery, seek therapy attend meetings do what you have to do to stay on the right path 8. Avoid all drugs and alcohol to stay focused…especially during your 5 year probation and especially if you have a joint suspension 9. Accelerate your studies, take 21 units if you can while maintaining straight A’s (this is possible) 10. Stay as busy as you can, boredom leads to trouble 11. Apply to transfer to your local university, you can’t leave your town until you’re off probation anyways so might as well stay local 12. When you get in, work even harder, stay on the honor roll and try to get in any honors programs you can 13. Pay all your restitution and recovery in full 14. Probation starts when you’re sentenced at the beginning of serving your time….so if you time this right you can go up for expungement at the same time you will be graduating, so be time conscious 15. Assuming you are broke and you can’t afford $10 - $15 k for an expungement attorney….start looking into Californian penal code 1203.4. 16. Go down to the courthouse…get the forms if you haven’t printed them already and ask questions 17. Get all your case information gathered and fill out the forms 18. Get your court date 19. Collect letters of recommendation from any important person you know, business letterhead is nice to have but not everyone will be comfortable having their company vouch for you. Go to professors, bosses, family, “good” friends, mentors etc. These conversations may be difficult, especially if these people don’t know your past…but you have to do this 20. Write a letter to the judge, short but powerful, something that would shed a tear 21. On the day of your expungement hearing…dress your best 22. Invite everyone who will come to support you at your hearing, the more support the more the judge believes you’re not a total POS and you just were a little lost at some point 23. Be humble and respectful on that stand. Show grace and composure. 24. There’s only about 6% of expungement requests that get granted so if the judge gives it to you….be grateful. You may not be able to help dropping to your knees and crying 25. If you don’t get it, listen to what the judge says and try again 26. Regardless of what happens just know that there is no such thing as luck, you got in this mess from making stupidly ridiculous decisions, and the only way to get out of it is by making extremely smart good decisions. 27. Once you’re expunged….it takes about three months for your record to be expunged from both California and the FBI National database, so hang tight. 28. Start applying for jobs, stay away from schools or anywhere that requires a Livescan. You can pass all background checks but those….and if you end up working for a defense contractor which you totally can….do not ever go for a role that requires a secret or top secret clearance 29. If you’ve made it this far you've just gotten started, get your masters degree next, and keep going from there, get two or even a Doctorate, there is no limit where you will go 30. Work as hard as you can day in and day out. Just remember….it took a whole lot more for you to be sitting where you’re at than the person next to you. Value it, appreciate it and always remember where you came from, but never look back",brainstorming What is 24 Hours of Lemons,,"24 Hours of Lemons is a series of endurance races for amateur car racing enthusiasts. The name is derived from a light hearted play on the famous professional race ""24 hours of Le Mans"" twisting the last word into 'Lemons'; indicating that the car used in the race should be of very low value. The Lemons races are legitimate paved-road racing experiences with a grass-roots feel and a lot of humor mixed in as racing teams often adopt amusing themes.",open_qa What are some hobbies that I can try that have a relatively low cost to start?,,"Rock collecting, coin collecting, bird watching, gardening, writing",brainstorming Who is the most beautiful lady in the world now,,chiara ferragni . for her intelligence and elegant look,brainstorming What are the 3 largest oil companies?,,"The 3 largest oil companies are Saudi Aramco, ExxonMobil, and Chevron.",open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Wolly Mammoth, Poison Dart Frog",,"Poison Dart Frog is alive, Wolly Mammoth is extinct.",classification "In music, what key is the relative minor to the key of B major?",,G# minor is B major's relative minor.,open_qa "Which of these items will be useful to pack when I’m getting ready for soccer practice: cleats, grass, guitar, water bottle, shin guards, helmet.",,"Cleats, shin guards, and a water bottle may be helpful things to pack when you’re getting ready for soccer practice. A helmet is not typically used in soccer, a guitar is a musical instrument, and grass is the material soccer is usually played on but not something you’ll need to pack.",classification "Of the following, which are car parts, which are boat parts and which are both: tires, propeller, engine, rudder, sail, seat belts, head lights, and rear view mirrors.",,"Tires, head lights, and rear view mirror are car parts. Propeller, rudder, and sail are boat parts. Engine and seat belts are part of both.",classification Write a short poem about spring,,"Spring has sprung and I am here To take in all the joyful cheer To bask in sunshine and feel the breeze And watch the butterflies and the bees The skies are blue, the days are long The flowers bloom, birds sing their song I'll spend many hours here on my deck OW! Something bit me, what the heck? The bug spray doesn't work, it lied! That's it, I'm going back inside.",creative_writing "What are five totally distinct, creative ways to describe the usefulness of a broken stapler?",,"While a broken stapler may not have many obvious uses, there are a few ways to find utility from this broken piece of office equipment. First, and as long as the stapler is broken, Stephen Root, otherwise known as Milton from Office Space, would no longer have a reason to take revenge on Initech. Secondly, you can use the broken stapler to store additional staples for staplers that are in fact working. A third use, depending on the nature of the break, would be to use the stapler to get a refund from Office Max. Fourth, it could be used as a prank in the office to watch people attempt to staple pieces of paper after using the copy machine (as long as the copy machine, another notoriously broken piece of office equipment, actually works). Lastly, and probably most obvious, a broken stapler could be used as a paper weight.",brainstorming "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Goldfish, Sika deer",,"Sika deer is wild, Goldfish is domesticated.",classification Who is the Disney character named Grogu?,,"Grogu is a character in the fictional Star Wars universe otherwise known as ""baby Yoda."" This character first appears in The Mandalorian and then also in the Book of Boba Fett. Grogu is a young member of the same species as Yoda from the original Star Wars movies.",open_qa Who are the greatest soccer players of all time?,,"The greatest soccer players of all time is a widely debated question and is subject to one's personal opinions and values. Here is a list of soccer players who are commonly thought of as some of the greatest of all time: 1. Pelé from Brazil, who played from 1956 to 1977, is widely considered as one of the greatest soccer players of all time due to his prolific goal-scoring, and 3 world cup titles. His 1279 goals including friendlies is recognized as a Guinness World Record. In 1999 he was named the Athlete of the Century by the International Olympic Committee. 2. Johann Cruyff from the Netherlands, who played from 1964-1984, is considered by many to be of the greatest players of all time winning the Ballon'dOr 3 times and leading the Netherlands to the world cup final in 1974 where he received the Golden Ball as the player of the tournament. In 1999 he was voted European Player of the Century and came second behind Pelé as world player of the Century. 3. Diego Maradona from Argentina, who played from 1976 to 1997, is widely considered one of the greatest soccer players of all time due to his passing, vision, and ball control as well as his leadership on the field. Maradona scored the goal of the century in 1986 with an incredible solo goal as he dribbled 60 meters past 5 England defenders. 4. Cristiano Ronaldo, who played from 2002 to current, is widely considered by many one of the greatest soccer players of all time. Known for his prolific goal-scoring on a variety of different teams and in a variety of different ways Ronaldo is thought of by many as the 'Complete Player'. He has won the Ballon d'Or 5 times and currently holds the all-time record for most men's international goals (122), most goals in the champions league (140), and the most professional goals (834). 5. Lionel Messi, who played from 2003 to current, is widely considered by many as one of the greatest soccer players of all time. Known by many as the magician, Messi is known for his vision, passing, and tight ball control. Messi has won a record 7 Ballon d'Or awards, the most goals in La Liga (484), the most hat tricks in La Liga (34), and the most assists in La Liga (192). Messi also lead Argentian to win the 2022 World Cup in Qatar which many believe cemented his place as one of the all-time greats.",brainstorming What is Fortran?,,"Fortran is a general-purpose, compiled imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing.",open_qa What are some ways I can avoid financial failure?,,"Financial failure is the result of exceeding ones ability to service debts, and ones liabilities exceed their assets. In general, you should live beneath your means, and decrease debts to a serviceable level. To ensure financial success, it is recommended to save and invest to the point where you can comfortably live on 25x your yearly expenses at the typical yearly draw down of 4% to the point of the typical life expectancy of 30 years past retirement.",brainstorming What is a group of cats called?,,A group of cats is called a clowder.,open_qa "Share why you support the underdog or the favorite in sports, and why it's the right thing to do.",,Support the underdog because they are striving to exceed expectations. Support the favorite because they have earned the right based on prior performance. To support the underdog is the best path to take. Rooting for a team/individual to outperform expectations and to be a better competitor is what we all strive to be. Supporting the underdog makes for better competition. Supporting the underdog lets you help push for over performance through genuine support. Supporting the underdog enables you to be part of a new celebration versus simply checking another box. I support the underdog because it's a bigger dream to watch come true,creative_writing "How many years was Hutchinson's streak, and what caused it to end?","Hutchinson attended 1,294 consecutive matches involving the Geelong Football Club between Round 11, 1963, and the 2019 preliminary final, inclusive. That streak came to an end when he and the general public were locked out of the Cats' 2020 Round 1 loss to Greater Western Sydney in Sydney due to the COVID-19 pandemic. If away games are excluded, Hutchinson's streak lasted from the early 1958 season to the 2019 preliminary final.",Hutchinson's streak was 62 years (2019-1958+1) and it ended because of the lock out caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.,closed_qa "Classify each score as ""Under Par"" or ""Over Par"" in golf: Eagle, Bogey, Double Eagle, Hole in One, Triple Bogey, Birdie",,"Eagle: Under Par Bogey: Over Par Double Eagle: Under Par Hole in One: Under Par Triple Bogey: Over Par Birdie: Under Par",classification Which cryptography libraries support SHA-2?,"Below is a list of cryptography libraries that support SHA-2: Botan Bouncy Castle Cryptlib Crypto++ Libgcrypt Mbed TLS libsodium Nettle LibreSSL OpenSSL GnuTLS wolfSSL Hardware acceleration is provided by the following processor extensions: Intel SHA extensions: Available on some Intel and AMD x86 processors. VIA PadLock ARMv8 Cryptography Extensions IBM z/Architecture: Available since 2005 as part of the Message-Security-Assist Extensions 1 (SHA-256) and 2 (SHA-512) IBM Power ISA since Since v 2.07","Libraries that support SHA-2: Botan Bouncy Castle Cryptlib Crypto++ Libgcrypt Mbed TLS libsodium Nettle LibreSSL OpenSSL GnuTLS wolfSSL",information_extraction "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Txalaparta, Clavinet",,"Clavinet is string, Txalaparta is percussion.",classification "Tell me whether these sea animals are fish or mammals: blue whale, beluga whale, manatee, dolphin, orca, humpback whale, whale shark, sea lion, walrus, seal, white tip shark, red tail shark, great white shark, guppy, danio, swordtail, tetra, cichlid, tuna, salmon, trout, puffer fish",,"The following are all mammals: blue whale, beluga whale, manatee, dolphin, orca, humpback whale, whale shark, sea lion, walrus, seal The following are all fish: white tip shark, red tail shark, great white shark, guppy, danio, swordtail, tetra, cichlid, tuna, salmon, trout, puffer fish",classification What is hedge fund?,"A hedge fund is a pooled investment fund that trades in relatively liquid assets and is able to make extensive use of more complex trading, portfolio-construction, and risk management techniques in an attempt to improve performance, such as short selling, leverage, and derivatives. Financial regulators generally restrict hedge fund marketing to institutional investors, high net worth individuals, and accredited investors.","A hedge fund is a limited partnership of private investors whose money is managed by professional fund managers who use a wide range of strategies, including leveraging or trading of non-traditional assets, to earn above-average investment returns. Hedge fund investment is often considered a risky alternative investment choice and usually requires a high minimum investment or net worth, often targeting wealthy clients.",information_extraction "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kulintang, Tamburitza",,"Tamburitza is string, Kulintang is percussion.",classification "Classify each of the following music genres as broadly popular or niche: Rock, Hip Hop, Pop, Heavy Metal, Bluegrass, Country",,"Broadly Popular: Rock, Hip Hop, Pop. Niche: Heavy Metal, Bluegrass, Country.",classification Extract the names of the ramen. separate them with comma.,"Shio (塩, 'salt') ramen is the oldest of the four types. It has a pale, clear, yellowish broth made with plenty of salt and any combination of chicken, vegetables, fish, and seaweed. Occasionally pork bones are also used, but they are not boiled as long as they are for tonkotsu ramen, so the soup remains light and clear. Chāshū is sometimes swapped for lean chicken meatballs, and pickled plums and kamaboko (a slice of processed fish roll sometimes served as a frilly white circle with a pink or red spiral called narutomaki) are popular toppings as well. Noodle texture and thickness varies among shio ramen, but they are usually straight rather than curly. Hakodate ramen is a well-known version of shio ramen in Japan. Shōyu (醤油, 'soy sauce') ramen has a clear brown broth, based on a chicken and vegetable (or sometimes fish or beef) stock with plenty of soy sauce added resulting in a soup that is tangy, salty, and savory yet still fairly light on the palate. Shōyu ramen usually has curly noodles rather than straight ones, although this is not always the case. It is often adorned with marinated bamboo shoots or menma, scallions, ninjin ('carrot'), kamaboko ('fish cakes'), nori ('seaweed'), boiled eggs, bean sprouts or black pepper; occasionally the soup will also contain chili oil or Chinese spices, and some shops serve sliced beef instead of the usual chāshū. Miso (味噌) ramen reached national prominence around 1965. This uniquely Japanese ramen, which was developed in Sapporo Hokkaido, features a broth that combines copious miso and is blended with oily chicken or fish broth – and sometimes with tonkotsu or lard – to create a thick, nutty, slightly sweet and very hearty soup. Miso ramen broth tends to have a robust, tangy flavor, so it stands up to a variety of flavorful toppings: spicy bean paste or tōbanjan (豆瓣醤), butter and corn, leeks, onions, bean sprouts, ground pork, cabbage, sesame seeds, white pepper, chilli and chopped garlic are common. The noodles are typically thick, curly, and slightly chewy. Karē (カレー, 'curry') ramen is a relative newcomer, cooked with curry soup. In Japan, several cities claim to be its place of origin. The city of Muroran claims it originated there in 1965 (see also Muroran curry ramen), while the city of Sanjō claims to have had karē ramen for over 80 years, and the city of Katori also claims to have been the site of its origin. Curry soup is mainly made with pork bones and vegetables and is seasoned with curry. The noodles are thick and curly. Toppings include chāshū, wakame, and bean sprouts.","Shio, Shoyu, Miso, Kare",information_extraction Who are some students at Hogwarts in Slytherin house that were in the same year as Harry Potter?,,"Hogwarts is the fictitious school in the Harry Potter book series. The books mentions several students in Harry Potter's year from the Slytherin house, such as Draco Malfoy, Vincent Crabbe, Gregory Goyle, Pansy Parkinson, and Blaise Zabini.",brainstorming "Classify the sentences below based on the sentiment - neutral, positive, negative, or angry 1. My shirt is red in color 2. I am so mad about losing my Airpods. 3. I am tired of being stuck in traffic every day. 4. I am so stressed and overwhelmed at work. 5. Work is so energizing 6. I love sunsets at the beach. 7. My best vacation place is Rome 8. They sing Fado in Lisbon 9. Somebody's going to get hurt so bad - watch it ! 10. I have a meeting at 3pm",,"While the same statement can be neutral or negative/positive for different people, I think a generic categorization of these sentences would be : Angry sentiment : Words like mad or intention to hurt shows underlying anger. They are also inherently negative emotions. 2. I am so mad about losing my Airpods. 9. Somebody's going to get hurt so bad - watch it ! Negative sentiment : Tired and stressed indicate negative emotions 3. I am tired of being stuck in traffic every day. 4. I am so stressed and overwhelmed at work. Positive sentiment : These sentences describe something personal and positive. 5. Work is so energizing 6. I love sunsets at the beach. 7. My best vacation place is Rome Neutral sentiment : These are usually statements, facts, or trivia. 1. My shirt is red in color 8. They sing Fado in Lisbon 10. I have a meeting at 3pm Added punctuations, emojis, or way a sentence is said can also reveal added layers of sentiment.",classification "Classify these as protein, fats or carbohydrate sources: steak, yogurt, cheese, bananas, bread, pasta",,"Steak: protein, yogurt: protein, cheese: fats, bananas: carb, bread: carb, pasta: carb",classification How do clouds form?,,"Clouds form when warm air and water vapor rise. They rise to a point where the air is cool enough for the water vapor to condense into water droplets. Water droplets that are completely saturated with water vapor, but unable to hold all of it as vapor, begin to condense into liquid/solid forms.",brainstorming What is abstract class?,,"A generic class that is used only as a template for derived classes, and that cannot be instantiated.",open_qa When was siri for the iphone created?,,"Siri was first created back in 2011 by Apple. It's original use was for the Iphone as a virtual voice assistant that used artificial intelligence. The voice of siri is done by Susan Bennett. She is a voice over artist, and over the years siri has other voices that can be used too. Siri can open applications on the iphone for you, give weather updates, set alarms and reminders, take notes for you, and automate most tasks that you can do on your iphone yourself. Amazon Alexa was create two years after Siri because of the rise in popularity of virtual voice assistants.",open_qa What makes a good woodworking bench?,,"Woodworking benches come down to personal preferences, such as height, but they are some fundamental properties that people agree on. Some that most agree on are flatness, sturdiness (so that the bench does not move around) and the presence of vises (to allow clamping pieces). Most workbenches in woodworking history gravitate around arranging these 3 core elements in different configuration. One French example is the Roubo, which is hefty, and has two vises for front and tail clamping. Ultimately, it comes down to preference and workflow.",open_qa What shapes are made up of straight lines?,,"Square, pentagon, rectangle, rhombus and triangle are examples of shapes made up only of straight lines.",brainstorming "A group of friends and putting together a D&D group and would like a balance of ranged and melee character classes. Here are the classes they are considering: Ranger, Rogue, Fighter, Barbarian, Monk, Warlock, Paladin, and Wizard. Please create a dot point list of Ranged and Melee classes in alphabetical order, so that I can share that with my friends.",,"Below is the breakdown of classes, listed in alphabetical order in Melee and Ranged groups. Melee classes: - Barbarian - Fighter - Monk - Paladin - Rogue Ranged classes: - Ranger - Warlock - Wizard",classification "What is Scottsdale, Arizona USA known for?",,"Scottsdale is famous for it's sunshine, beautiful desert scenery, dozens of golf courses, resorts, nightlife, spring training baseball, Phoenix open golf tournament, Barrett-Jackson car auction, and more.",brainstorming Which is a species of fish? Bass or Treble,,Bass,classification "What other names are used to refer to Taweret, the Egyptian goddess:",,"The Egyptian goddess Taweret can be called Taouris, Taueret, Taurt, Tawaret, Ta-weret, Thoeris, Thouéris, Toeris, Tuart, Tuat or Twert.",brainstorming "I have eggs, flour, sugar and baking soda- what can I make?",,"You can make cookies, cake or other dessert items",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Rebana, Kudyapi",,"Kudyapi is string, Rebana is percussion.",classification "Classify each of the following as either a natural hair color or a grocery store bakery brand: Hostess, blonde, brunette, Betty Crocker, Pilsbury, red, black, Entenmann's",,"Natural hair color: blonde, brunette, red, black Grocery store bakery brands: Hostess, Betty Crocker, Pilsbury, Entenmann's",classification "What are five totally distinct, creative ways to describe the usefulness of extra fingers?",,"1. One extra finger can be used to help hold up a conversation. 2. An extra finger can be used to create a more efficient way to spell out words. 3. One extra finger can be used to play a musical instrument. 4. One extra finger can be used to help open a bottle of wine. 5. An extra finger can be used to play a game of pool.",brainstorming What are Uncontacted peoples?,"Uncontacted peoples are groups of indigenous peoples living without sustained contact with neighbouring communities and the world community. Groups who decide to remain uncontacted are referred to as indigenous peoples in voluntary isolation. Legal protections make estimating the total number of uncontacted peoples challenging, but estimates from the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights in the UN and the non-profit group Survival International point to between 100 and 200 uncontacted peoples numbering up to 10,000 individuals total. A majority of uncontacted peoples live in South America, particularly northern Brazil, where the Brazilian government and National Geographic estimate between 77 and 84 tribes reside. Knowledge of uncontacted peoples comes mostly from encounters with neighbouring indigenous communities and aerial footage.","Uncontacted peoples generally refers to indigenous peoples who have remained largely isolated to the present day, maintaining their traditional lifestyles and functioning mostly independently from any political or governmental entities. However, European exploration and colonization during the early modern period brought indigenous peoples worldwide into contact with colonial settlers and explorers. As such, most indigenous groups have had some form of contact with other peoples. The term ""uncontacted"" therefore refers to a lack of sustained contact with the majority of non-indigenous society at the present time. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights refers to uncontacted peoples as ""indigenous peoples in voluntary isolation."" These groups are defined by their general rejection of contact with anyone outside of their own people. This definition also includes groups who have previously had sustained contact with the majority non-indigenous society but have chosen to return to isolation and no longer maintain contact. As such uncontacted peoples are understood not as living in an anachronistic state of nature but rather as contemporaries of modernity. A 2009 United Nations report also classified ""peoples in initial contact"" as sharing the same characteristics but beginning to regularly communicate with and integrate into mainstream society. To highlight their agency in staying uncontacted or isolated, international organizations emphasize calling them ""indigenous peoples in isolation"" or ""in voluntary isolation"". Otherwise they have also been called ""hidden peoples"" or ""uncontacted tribes"". Historically European colonial ideas of uncontacted peoples, and their colonial claims over them, were informed by the imagination of and search for Prester John, king of a wealthy Christian realm in isolation, as well as the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel, identifying uncontacted peoples as ""lost tribes"". International organizations have highlighted the importance of protecting indigenous peoples' environment and lands, the importance of protecting them from exploitation or abuse, and the importance of no contact in order to prevent the spread of modern diseases. Historic exploitation and abuse at the hands of the majority group have led many governments to give uncontacted people their lands and legal protection. Many indigenous groups live on national forests or protected grounds, such as the Vale do Javari in Brazil or the North Sentinel Island in India. Much of the contention over uncontacted peoples has stemmed from governments' desire to extract natural resources. In the 1960s and 1970s, Brazil's federal government attempted to assimilate and integrate native groups living in the Amazon jungle in order to use their lands for farming. Their efforts were met with mixed success and criticism until, in 1987, Brazil created the Department of Isolated Indians inside of FUNAI (Fundação Nacional do Índio), Brazil's Indian Agency. FUNAI was successful in securing protected lands which have allowed certain groups to remain relatively uncontacted until the present day. A different outcome occurred in Colombia when the Nukak tribe of indigenous people was contacted by an evangelical group. The tribe was receptive to trade and eventually moved in order to have closer contact with settlers. This led to an outbreak of respiratory infections, violent clashes with narco-traffickers, and the death of hundreds of the Nukak, more than half of the tribe. Eventually, the Colombian government forcibly relocated the tribe to a nearby town where they received food and government support but were reported as living in poverty. The threats to the Nukak tribe are generally shared by all peoples in isolation, particularly the outside world's desire to exploit their lands. This can include lumbering, ranching and farming, land speculation, oil prospecting and mining, and poaching. For example, then Peruvian President Alan García claimed in 2007 that uncontacted groups were only a ""fabrication of environmentalists bent on halting oil and gas exploration"". As recently as 2016, a Chinese subsidiary mining company in Bolivia ignored signs that they were encroaching on uncontacted tribes, and attempted to cover it up. In addition to commercial pursuits, other people such as missionaries can inadvertently cause great damage. It was those threats, combined with attacks on their tribe by illegal cocaine traffickers, that led a group of Acre Indians to make contact with a village in Brazil and subsequently with the federal government in 2014. This behaviour suggests that many tribes are aware of the outside world and choose not to make contact unless motivated by fear or self-interest. Satellite images suggest that some tribes intentionally migrate away from roads or logging operations in order to remain secluded. Indigenous rights activists have often advocated that indigenous peoples in isolation be left alone, saying that contact will interfere with their right to self-determination as peoples. On the other hand, experience in Brazil suggests isolating peoples might want to have trading relationships and positive social connections with others, but choose isolation out of fear of conflict or exploitation. The Brazilian state organization National Indian Foundation (FUNAI) in collaboration with anthropological experts has chosen to make controlled initial contact with tribes. The organization operates 15 trading posts throughout protected territory where tribes can trade for metal tools and cooking instruments. The organization also steps in to prevent some conflicts and deliver vaccinations. However, FUNAI has been critical of political will in Brazil, reporting that it only received 15% of its requested budget in 2017. In 2018, after consensus among field agents, FUNAI released videos and images of several tribes under their protection. Although the decision was criticized, the director of the Isolated Indian department, Bruno Pereira, responded that ""The more the public knows and the more debate around the issue, the greater the chance of protecting isolated Indians and their lands"". He shared that the organization has been facing mounting political pressure to open up lands to commercial companies. He also justified the photography by explaining that FUNAI was investigating a possible massacre against the Flechieros tribe. Recognizing the myriad problems with contact, the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2009 and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights in 2013 introduced guidelines and recommendations that included a right to choose self-isolation. There have been reports of human safaris in India's Andaman Islands and in Peru, where tourism companies attempt to help tourists see uncontacted or recently contacted peoples. This practice is controversial.",information_extraction In which book would you find the manservant Pas Partout,,Around the world in 80 days,open_qa What are the top 5 comedic movies of all time,,"The debate for the best comedies is subjective and open to debate. What is considered humorous can vary by region and evolves over time. With that said, here are 5 popular comedies: - Dumb and Dumber - Anchorman - Monty Python and the Holy Grail - Airplane! - Planes, Trains and Automobiles",brainstorming "Here is a list of movies. Which of these are considered to be Action Movies. American Graffiti, Rain Man, Mission Impossible, Goldfinger, Speed, The Devil's Advocate, The Magnificent Seven, Dazed and Confused, Die Hard, Top Gun.",,"Mission Impossible, Goldfinger, Speed, The Magnificent Seven, Die Hard, Top Gun are all considered to be Action Movies. American Graffiti, Rain Man, The Devil's Advocate, Dazed and Confused are not Action Movies.",classification Give me a list of the Western States in the United States of America.,,"The eleven Western United States are Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.",brainstorming Describe ZMOT (Zero moment of truth) and how it differs from the 3-step model of marketing that was prevalent at the time of its introduction.,,"The 3-step model (ZMOT, FMOT, SMOT) of marketing from P&G begins with the consumer discovering a product via an Ad or hearing it from other sources like friends or colleagues. This trigger moment is followed by (FMOT) the first moment of truth where consumers are at the shelf, looking to buy, touch and feel the product and evaluate competitive offerings on the adjacent frames. The last step is the (SMOT) second moment of truth, where consumers purchase and start using the products.  ZMOT (Zero moment of truth) is the time between the trigger and FMOT. It is when the consumers learn more about the products before they appear on the shelf. ZMOT is the pre-shopping experience where consumers can watch YouTube videos of the product, read Amazon reviews, and have a complete product experience before buying.",creative_writing Name a few popular racquet sports,,"Tennis, Ping Pong, Pickleball, Squash, Badminton",open_qa Write a few sentences about why people who live in the Bay Area of California are moving to the Sacramento area.,,"The Bay Area of California has always been severely impacted by a high concentration of people who largely moved there for work. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic forced many organizations to allow for remote work. As a result, many people have moved elsewhere in California while still being able to work at their same job. Many chose to move to the Greater Sacramento area, as it offeres a lower cost of living, warmer weather, and a slower pace of life, all while being within a few hours of the Bay Area if need for travel every reappears.",creative_writing Why was there a lockout during the 1998-1999 NBA season?,"The 1998–99 NBA season was the Hawks' 50th season in the National Basketball Association, and 31st season in Atlanta. On March 23, 1998, the owners of all 29 NBA teams voted 27–2 to reopen the league's collective bargaining agreement, seeking changes to the league's salary cap system, and a ceiling on individual player salaries. The National Basketball Players Association (NBPA) opposed to the owners' plan, and wanted raises for players who earned the league's minimum salary. After both sides failed to reach an agreement, the owners called for a lockout, which began on July 1, 1998, putting a hold on all team trades, free agent signings and training camp workouts, and cancelling many NBA regular season and preseason games. Due to the lockout, the NBA All-Star Game, which was scheduled to be played in Philadelphia on February 14, 1999, was also cancelled. However, on January 6, 1999, NBA commissioner David Stern, and NBPA director Billy Hunter finally reached an agreement to end the lockout. The deal was approved by both the players and owners, and was signed on January 20, ending the lockout after 204 days. The regular season began on February 5, and was cut short to just 50 games instead of the regular 82-game schedule",The players and owners failed to reach an agreement on salaries.,closed_qa "If I am traveling from Berkeley to San Francisco, what are the public transit options?",,"To go to San Francisco from Berkeley on public transit, you can take Bart, Transbay Bus, or the Oakland & Alameda Ferry.",brainstorming "Classify the following into countries and cities:India, Mumbai, USA, Seattle, Germany, Berlin, United Kingdom, Australia, Tokyo, Sao Paulo",,"The following are countries - India, USA, Germany, United Kingdom, Australia The following are cities - Mumbai, Seattle, Berlin, Tokyo, Sao Paulo",classification Provide a list of the best places to fresh water fish in San Diego,,"1. San Vicente Resevoir 2. El Capitan Resevoir 3. Loveland Lake 4. Lake Jennings 5. Lake Hodges 6. Lake Barrett 7. Santee Lakes 8. Otay Lakes 9. Sweet Water Resevoir 10. Lake Southernland",brainstorming Give me a list of environment conscious clothing brands.,,"1. Patagonia 2. Harvest & Mill 3. Armedangels 4. Honest Basics 5. LangerChen 6. Vaude 7. Organic Basics 8. Eileen Fisher 9. Everlane 10. Nudie Jeans",brainstorming "If you are going to the beach for the day with your family of five, which includes young children, determine whether the following items are either 'helpful', 'not helpful', or ' impractical'. The items are: sunscreen, bottles of water, 20 shovels, boots, snacks, towels, sand toys, 20 shovels, a parachute, and a grand piano.",,"A day at the beach is a great way to spend time with family! Since you'll be away from the comforts of home, bringing the right items is essential to fully enjoying the day. With young children, it's important to bring water and food to keep them happy throughout the day, also having a few toys is not a bad idea. In that case, having water bottles, snacks, and sand toys would all be useful. If you're at the beach all day, it's also likely you'll swim in ocean or lay in the sand, so having towels and sunscreen at the ready is incredibly useful. On the other hand, there are a few items that seem unnecessary, or just not helpful for a day at the beach. Why would anyone ever require 20 shovels? A shovel by itself might be helpful, but 20 is way too many, and certainly not useful. Also, if one is at the beach, then boots are likely overkill and not useful, since most beach-goers tend to be barefoot or wear sandals. Lastly, the list contains two items which are impractical for any beach trip: a parachute and a grand piano. In my entire life, I've never seen a grand piano at the beach. They're beautiful instruments, but very heavy and would take a ton of effort to get on the beach, not to mention the possible damage to the piano. A parachute is also similarly impractical. The family trip is exclusively on the ground, so bringing an item that helps people jump from planes seems entirely impractical.",classification "Give me the list of books related with the series 'The Lord of the Rings', in order of publication",,"Here is the list of books related with the series 'The Lord of the Rings', in order of publication: 1. The Hobbit 2. The Fellowship of the Ring 3. The Two Towers 4. The Return of the King 5. The Silmarillion 6. Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth 7. The Children of Hurin 8. Beren and Luthien 9. The Fall of Gondolin ",open_qa Name a few popular metal genres,,"Thrash Metal, Death Metal, Melodic Death Metal, Power Metal, Crossover, Grindcore, Symphonic Metal, Doom Metal, Death Core",open_qa What is the difference between a sedan and a coupe?,,"Sedans are typically 4 door vehicles with a low profile and coupes are 2 door vehicles with a sportier look. There is a new trend to call sedans with a more athletic silhouette 4 door coupes, but that's debatable.",open_qa Give me a list of some US Army training schools,,"1) Airborne School: aka ""jump school"" is a three week course in which soldiers are trained to conduct airborne operations by jumping out of planes. A graduate of this school is commonly known as a paratrooper. 2) Air Assault School: an approximately two week course where soldiers are trained in Air Assault operations, which includes movement in helicopters, rappelling from helicopters, and rigging gear to helicopters. 3) Ranger School: a 62 day leadership course that if commonly viewed as one of the toughest schools in the military with only an approximate 50% graduation rate. This is a small unit leadership course that includes but is not limited to patrolling, small unit tactics, mountaineering skills, airborne operations, etc. Only about 1% of the entire military has graduated from this course and is considered ""ranger qualified""",brainstorming Give me the recipe for the traditional crepe,,"1. Put the floor, 300 grams, on an adequate plate and create a hole in the middle 2. Insert the hole 3 eggs, 3 tablespoons of sugar, 2 tablespoons of sunflower oil, and 50 grams of melted butter 3. Whisk softly and add gradually 60 centiliters of milk. The dough will become lightly dense 4. Add 5 centiliters of Rhum 5. Warm up a frying pan at low heat, add some sunflower oil, and a ladleful of crepe dough, and spread it out on the pan to wait until one side is cooked, then flip the crepe.",brainstorming What is marginal cost rate design in the domain of electric utilities,,"Marginal cost rate design refers to the setting of electricity or water prices at the marginal cost. This approach to pricing yields an economically efficient outcome. Computing the cost will likely involve, for electricity, combining the costs of generation, transmission and distribution at different capacity levels.",open_qa "From the text below, extract the year and the VR headset and the company that released it in the format {Year}-{Headset Name}-{Company} and place them in a bullet list","In 2016, HTC shipped its first units of the HTC Vive SteamVR headset. This marked the first major commercial release of sensor-based tracking, allowing for free movement of users within a defined space. A patent filed by Sony in 2017 showed they were developing a similar location tracking technology to the Vive for PlayStation VR, with the potential for the development of a wireless headset. In 2019, Oculus released the Oculus Rift S and a standalone headset, the Oculus Quest. These headsets utilized inside-out tracking compared to external outside-in tracking seen in previous generations of headsets. Later in 2019, Valve released the Valve Index. Notable features include a 130° field of view, off-ear headphones for immersion and comfort, open-handed controllers which allow for individual finger tracking, front facing cameras, and a front expansion slot meant for extensibility. In 2020, Oculus released the Oculus Quest 2. Some new features include a sharper screen, reduced price, and increased performance. Facebook (which became Meta a year later) initially required user to log in with a Facebook account in order to use the new headset. In 2021 the Oculus Quest 2 accounted for 80% of all VR headsets sold. Robinson R22 Virtual Reality Training Device developed by VRM Switzerland In 2021, EASA approved the first Virtual Reality based Flight Simulation Training Device. The device, for rotorcraft pilots, enhances safety by opening up the possibility of practicing risky maneuvers in a virtual environment. This addresses a key risk area in rotorcraft operations, where statistics show that around 20% of accidents occur during training flights. In 2023, Sony released the Playstation VR2, a follow-up to their 2016 headset. Playstation VR2 comes with inside-out tracking, higher-resolution displays, controllers with adaptive triggers and haptic feedback, and a wider field-of-view.","2016 - HTC Vive SteamVR - HTC 2019 - Oculus Rift S - Oculus 2019 - Oculus Quest - Oculus 2019 - Valve Index - Valve 2020 - Oculus Quest 2 - Oculus 2021 - Robinson R22 Virtual Reality Training Device - VRM Switzerland 2023 - Playstation VR2 - Sony",information_extraction What is daylight saving time?,,"Daylight saving time is a process where clock time is adjusted on specific days annually so that nightfall starts at a later clock time. Several countries, including Australia, Canada, and the United States participate. In the United States it consists of setting your clock back one hour in the fall, and setting it ahead one hour in the spring.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Bombo criollo, Imzad",,"Imzad is string, Bombo criollo is percussion.",classification "Tell me which of these teams are in the National Football League (NFL): Seattle Seahawks, San Francisco 49ers, Seattle Mariners, Seattle Super Sonics, New England Patriots.",,"The Seattle Seahawks, San Francisco 49ers, and New England Patriots are part of the National Football League.",classification Name some famous experimental electronic music artists from the 2000s,,"Fennesz, Autechre, Oval, Alva Noto, Ryoji Ikeda",open_qa What is mutually assured destruction?,,"Mutually assured destruction is the belief that two countries will not attack each other if each country has the ability to destroy the other with the same amount of military power. Mutually assured destruction or ""MAD"" is a principle from the era of the Cold War and is considered part of a US military doctrine. The policy is often applied to the use of nuclear weapons. For example, because both the United States and Russia have nuclear weapons that could annihilate large populations, neither uses them. To do so, would mean the end of both populations, and a large part of humanity.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Lummi stick, Timple",,"Timple is string, Lummi stick is percussion.",classification road trip to Kerala from Bangalore.,,"You can plan for a One Week Road trip from Bangalore to Entire Kerala. Day 1: Start early in the morning.First destination Munnar. You can reach Munnar in 10 hours. Stay in a nice hotel facing Tea estate. Relax for the day. Day 2 : Travel Munnar . You can change the hotel for Different view. Day 3 : Start after breakfast for Kochi, It's a port City. Reach Kochi near about 3 hours 30 minutes, visit kochi port beach walk . And stay at night near Marari beach , any sea facing resort(1 hr from Kochi) and Day 4 : Half an hour from Marari beach, go to Alyppe (Alappuzha) , Stay boat house. This is Beautiful!! Enjoy the Alappuzha Lake ride in your boat. Day 5 : Go to Varkala. Stop for Jatayu earth center , this is outstanding. Varaka has very nice beach shopping and restaurant . Day 6 : Go to Poovar, there any many nice sea facing resort. And do not forget to go for Mangrove tour. Day 7 : You can go to Kanyakumari and back to Bangalore",creative_writing "Which is a bird or fish: Black-necked grebe, Black tetra",,"Black tetra is a fish, Black-necked grebe is a bird",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Padayani thappu, Qanun",,"Qanun is string, Padayani thappu is percussion.",classification How does screen printing work?,,"Screen printing is also referred to as silk screen printing. It is essentially the process of printing an image or artwork onto a surface by pushing ink through a screen. The screens are pulled tight and held in a metal or wood frame. Much like a picture frame. Depending on the detail of the artwork, the screens can have different size weave. The weave is essentially how tight the screen is woven and how large the holes in the screen are. For more detailed designs, the screen used will be woven very close and tight so the holes are very small and let less ink through. This allows for very thin lines and detail. Each screen can print 1 color at a time. So, to print a design with multiple colors, there needs to be multiple screens. 1 screen per color. Many screen printing presses have large rotating arms that hold the screens. The arms rotate for each color to be printed individually.",open_qa "Given this question about tourism, what country is the 6th most visited country?","As of 2017, Mexico was the 6th most visited country in the world and had the 15th highest income from tourism in the world which is also the highest in Latin America. The vast majority of tourists come to Mexico from the United States and Canada followed by Europe and Asia. A smaller number also come from other Latin American countries. In the 2017 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report, Mexico was ranked 22nd in the world, which was 3rd in the Americas.",Mexico,closed_qa How many lifeboats did the Titanic have?,"Like Olympic, Titanic carried a total of 20 lifeboats: 14 standard wooden Harland and Wolff lifeboats with a capacity of 65 people each and four Engelhardt ""collapsible"" (wooden bottom, collapsible canvas sides) lifeboats (identified as A to D) with a capacity of 47 people each. In addition, she had two emergency cutters with a capacity of 40 people each. Olympic carried at least two collapsible boats on either side of her number one funnel. All of the lifeboats were stowed securely on the boat deck and, except for collapsible lifeboats A and B, connected to davits by ropes. Those on the starboard side were odd-numbered 1–15 from bow to stern, while those on the port side were even-numbered 2–16 from bow to stern.","The titanic had a total of 20 life boats. There were 14 lifeboats with 65 spots, four lifeboats with 47 spots and two lifeboats with 40 spots.",information_extraction What do you say to someone who is struggling with addiction?,,"First, educate yourself. Be honest with them. Share with them how their addiction is not only hurting themselves but also those that care about them. Be clear that you what them to seek help and that it comes from a place where you are fearful for their safety. Do not enable them. Have realistic expectations and help them get the support and counseling that they need to get better.",creative_writing "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kakko, Akonting",,"Akoting is string, Kakko is percussion.",classification Please summarize Micky Mouse's initial licensing and merchandising history,"The comic strip Mickey Mouse debuted on January 13, 1930, in New York Daily Mirror and by 1931, the strip was published in 60 newspapers in the U.S., and in twenty other countries. After realizing releasing merchandise based on the characters would generate more revenue for the company, in New York, a man asked Walt for the license to put Mickey Mouse on writing tablets he was manufacturing for $300. Walt agreed and Mickey Mouse became the first licensed character. In 1933, Walt asked Kay Karmen, the owner of an Kansas City advertising firm, to run Disney's merchandising; Karmen agreed and transformed Disney's merchandising. Within a year, Kamen had 40 licenses for Mickey Mouse and within two years, had made $35 million worth of sales. In 1934, Walt said he made more money from the merchandising of Mickey Mouse than from the character's films.","The Mickey Mouse comic was first published on January 1930 in 60 newspapers in the U.S. and in 20 other countries. A man realized he could make more money by selling merchandise based on the characters from the comic and asked Walt for a license to put Mickey Mouse on his product. By 1934, Disney had 40 licenses for Mickey Mouse and by 1936, it had $35 million worth of sales, making more money from merchandising Mickey Mouse than from the character's films.",summarization Write a few paragraphs to describe the benefits of living in Arizona versus California,,"Reasons to Live in Arizona There are so many reasons to love Arizona, but is it a good place to live? We think so. Here are our top reasons to live in the beautiful state of Arizona. 1. Great Places to Live One popular benefit of living in Arizona is the relatively low cost of living. Families are moving to Arizona for affordable housing and a better quality of life. Here are some of our favorite cities. Phoenix Nicknamed the ""Valley of the Sun,"" Phoenix is a bustling city with a great combination of a thriving job market, affordable living, and many ways to enjoy the outdoors. Phoenix has it all. From professional sports to amazing eateries to great shopping districts, there's so much to do in Phoenix. It's a popular spot for young professionals, families, and retirees too. It's home to Arizona State University, dozens of museums, and endless outdoor adventures. And people are flocking to Phoenix, making it one of the fastest growing cities in the country. Litchfield Park This beautiful city is located 16 miles from downtown Phoenix and is known for the gorgeous palms and orange trees that line the major streets. Families are attracted to the beautiful homes, great schools, and low crime rate in Litchfield Park. With a quaint small-town feel, residents can walk or ride their bikes to more than 20 special events and festivals the town hosts each year. Some amenities include walking paths, six parks, baseball and soccer fields, and first-class golf courses. Casa Grande Casa Grande is the largest city in Pinal County. It's a beautiful modern city with a rich cultural heritage. Casa Grande is a designated Enterprise Zone with jobs in many industries and a diverse, vibrant population. Affordable homes, great weather, beautiful parks, and unique shopping opportunities help make Casa Grande a great place to live or raise a family. Goodyear Goodyear is one of the top 20 fastest growing cities in the country. The job market here is thriving with companies like REI, Amazon, and many others drawn to the city's forward thinking and motivated workforce. Located 17 miles west of Phoenix, Goodyear is close to the action of the city yet has a warm community feel. Lovely homes, high-performing schools, a low crime rate, and easy access to great shopping and entertainment make Goodyear a wonderful place to call home. Queen Creek This suburb of Phoenix in Maricopa County is the perfect place to live and play in Arizona. Friendly residents, a rural feel, and great schools make Queen Creek a popular moving destination for families. Some amenities include beautiful parks, horseback riding trails, museums, and farm tours. A mix of luxury and affordable homes plus the gorgeous outdoor scenery help make Queen Creek a great place to live, work, and play. 2. Strong Job Market People move from all over the country to Arizona for job opportunities. The job growth rate in Arizona is double the national average. The state government is the largest employer in the state. And the largest private employer is Banner Health, which is based in Phoenix. Job opportunities in Arizona's many industries are plentiful. Top employment sectors include financial services, transportation, travel and tourism, utilities, technology, education, healthcare, and hospitality. If you're looking for a job, Arizona has something for you. 3. Sunny Climate If you like it hot, you'll love Arizona. They have an average of 320 sunny days each year. Phoenix, the state capital, has more sunny days than any other large city in the country. If you're sick of the snow and long cold winters, Arizona may be for you. Many people find the hot, dry climate beneficial for Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), seasonal allergies, arthritis, asthma, and other health conditions. You'll want to protect yourself from the sun's rays in Arizona. Temperatures can escalate at times to well over 100 degrees Fahrenheit. So, you need to use sunscreen, stay hydrated, and stay indoors when it gets too hot to venture out. 4. The Grand Canyon People come from around the world to see this natural wonder. If you want to hike, explore, or camp in one of the most majestic spots on earth, you'll love the Grand Canyon. Over 5 million people visit the Grand Canyon each year to take in the breathtaking scenery. The canyon is 227 miles long, 18 miles wide, and a mile deep. Be sure to check out Grand Canyon National Park to enjoy hiking, fishing, cycling, boating, horseback riding, and many other outdoor activities. If you haven't seen it before, it's worth the time to step into nature, explore, and take in all the amazing sights. 5. Cultural Attractions Arizona is home to a variety of football, baseball, hockey and basketball teams, including the Cardinals, Suns, Coyotes and Diamondbacks. Children's sports programs are thriving in the state, and soccer programs are growing in popularity. There are several noteworthy museums for visiting, including the Heard Center, the Phoenix Art Museum and the Artistic Photography Center. You can find many open-air venues in the state due to the consistent warm weather. Whether you're in the mood for a rock concert, opera, ballet, symphony or a little gambling, there's always something to do. There are also fantastic resorts, family restaurants, fine dining and bars to enjoy. There's something for everyone in Arizona. 6. Amazing Sunsets You can't find anything more beautiful than an Arizona sunset. Almost every night the sky is ablaze with gorgeous shades of red, yellow, and orange across the horizon. Whether you're taking a walk, driving home from work, or gazing into the sunset, you can't help noticing these amazing sunsets and drinking in the beauty of Arizona's sparse yet unique desert landscape. If you haven't watched the sunset while hiking the Grand Canyon, it's an experience you don't want to miss. 7. Beautiful Sedona Along with the Grand Canyon, add Sedona to your to-do list. It's about 100 miles south of the canyon. Sedona is famous for its beauty, mild climate, and diverse artistic community. You can explore the red-rock buttes, canyons, and various hiking trails. Take a hot air balloon ride if you're feeling adventurous and enjoy the amazing views of the desert, steep canyon walls, and red-rock formations. 8. Forget Daylight Savings Time When you live in Arizona, you don't have to worry about setting the clock back or forward for daylight savings time. In Arizona, the residents never think about it because it doesn't exist. So, no more arriving an hour early or late for work because you forgot to set the clock. Arizona has so much to offer. And this is just one more small reason to love Arizona. 9. Retirees' Paradise Retirees are flocking to Arizona for its great weather, affordable housing, and low taxes. There's no tax on social security and public pensions qualify for a tax deduction. Arizona has plenty of affordable housing and retirement communities for seniors, and property taxes are lower than the national average. There's no sales tax on groceries, which is another big plus. There's plenty to keep active seniors busy, like local sporting events, the great outdoors and top-rated golf courses. These are just a few of the benefits of living in Arizona. It's is a great place to visit and an even better place to call home.",creative_writing What is GeneBass?,,"GeneBass is a CRISPR-Cas9 screening platform for the high-throughput functional analysis of genes in mammalian cells. The GeneBass platform allows researchers to systematically activate or repress genes of interest and study their effects on cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The system uses a pooled lentiviral library of guide RNAs targeting every gene in the human or mouse genome, which can be introduced into cells using viral transduction. The guide RNAs are designed to target specific regions of the genome adjacent to the transcription start sites of each gene, allowing for specific and efficient gene activation or repression. GeneBass experiments typically involve the transduction of large numbers of cells, followed by selection or sorting of cells based on specific phenotypes of interest. High-throughput sequencing of the guide RNA library before and after selection can be used to identify genes that are essential for specific cellular processes or that are involved in disease pathways.",open_qa What are easy desserts I can make at home?,,"Some simple desserts to make from scratch are chocolate chip cookies, oatmeal raisin cookies, and sugar cookies. Banana pudding is easy to make and requires only a few ingredients. Additionally, some recipes for peanut butter cookies require only three ingredients.",brainstorming A triangle has angles of 25 degrees and 45 degrees. What is the last angle in the triangle?,,The angles in a triangle sum up to 180 degrees. The last angle is thus 180 - 45 - 25 = 110 degrees,creative_writing "Given these paragraphs about Large language models, what is Instruction tuning?","A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks. Properties Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design. Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to ""memorize"" a great quantity of facts during training. Hallucinations Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence) In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a ""hallucination"" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data. Emergent abilities On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities. Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called ""emergent abilities"". Researchers note that such abilities ""cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models"". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs. Architecture and training Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or ""filling in the blanks"", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus. The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens. LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million. A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters). Application to downstream tasks Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via ""prompting"" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions. Fine-tuning Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning) Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be ""frozen"", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen). Prompting See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing) In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In ""few-shot prompting"", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows: Review: This movie stinks. Sentiment: negative Review: This movie is fantastic! Sentiment: If the model outputs ""positive"", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be ""The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is"". Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering. Instruction tuning Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt ""Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet."" might provide a completion such as ""A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17."" In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, ""self-instruct"", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model",Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions.,closed_qa Which U.S. wine company produces the most wine in the United States?,,"E&J Gallo is the largest wine producer in the United States, owning over 23,000 acres of vineyards and nineteen wineries.",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the number of Naruto: Shippuden episodes.","Naruto was serialized in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1999 to 2014, with its chapters collected in 72 tankōbon volumes. The manga was adapted into an anime television series produced by Pierrot and Aniplex, which broadcast 220 episodes from 2002 to 2007; the English dub of the series aired on Cartoon Network and YTV from 2005 to 2009. Naruto: Shippuden, a sequel to the original series, premiered in 2007, and ended in 2017, after 500 episodes. The English dub was broadcast on Disney XD from 2009 to 2011, airing the first 98 episodes, and then switched over to Adult Swim's Toonami programming block in January 2014, starting over from the first episode. The English dub is still airing weekly on Adult Swim to this day. Viz Media began streaming the anime series on their streaming service Neon Alley in December 2012 on 99 episodes, and ended in March 2016, after 338 episodes. Besides the anime series, Pierrot has developed eleven movies and twelve original video animations (OVAs). Other Naruto-related merchandise includes light novels, video games, and trading cards developed by several companies.",There are 500 episodes of Naruto: Shippuden.,information_extraction What rule change was introduced by FIFA following the match between Australia and American Samoa in 2001?,"On 11 April 2001, the Australian and American Samoan national association football teams played each other in an Oceanian qualifying match for the 2002 FIFA World Cup. The match was played at the International Sports Stadium in Coffs Harbour, Australia. Australia set a world record for the largest victory in an international football match, winning the game 31–0. Australia's Archie Thompson also broke the record for most goals scored by a player in an international match by scoring 13 goals. David Zdrilic, the scorer of eight goals in the match, scored the second-highest number of goals in an international match since World War I. The outcome of the match led to debates about the format of qualification tournaments, with the Australian manager Frank Farina and Thompson feeling that preliminary rounds should be introduced to avoid such unbalanced matches, views shared by the international footballing body FIFA. It eventually led to the introduction of a preliminary round in the Oceanian zone qualification for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. The unbalanced level of opponents was also addressed by Australia's move to the Asian Football Confederation in 2006.",Preliminary rounds were introduced prior to the FIFA world cup matches,information_extraction Give me a list of most popular songs of Foo Fighters,,"1. Everlong 2. The Pretender 3. Best of You 4. Times like These 5. My Hero 6. Monkey Wrench 7. All My Life 8. Learn to Fly 9. Walk 10. The Sky Is a Neighbourhood 11. These days 12. Something from Nothing 13. Run 14. Stranger Things Have Happened 15. Rope",brainstorming "Classify the below based on the products they sell. Adidas, nike, Pepsi, Sprite, Fanta, FILA",,"Adidas, nike, FILA - Shoe Pepsi, Sprite, Fanta - Beverages",classification What was the relationship of the person who became MD at Grandmaster Capital Management to Paypal?,"Individuals whom the media refers to as members of the PayPal Mafia include: Peter Thiel, PayPal founder and former chief executive officer who is sometimes referred to as the ""don"" of the PayPal Mafia Max Levchin, founder and chief technology officer at PayPal Elon Musk, co-founder of Zip2, founder of X.com which merged with Confinity to form PayPal. Musk later founded SpaceX, co-founded Tesla, Inc., co-founded OpenAI, Neuralink, founded The Boring Company, and became owner of Twitter, Inc. David O. Sacks, former PayPal COO who later founded Geni.com and Yammer Scott Banister, early advisor and board member at PayPal. Roelof Botha, former PayPal CFO who later became a partner and Senior Steward of venture capital firm Sequoia Capital Steve Chen, former PayPal engineer who co-founded YouTube. Reid Hoffman, former executive vice president who later founded LinkedIn and was an early investor in Facebook, Aviary Ken Howery, former PayPal CFO who became a partner at Founders Fund Chad Hurley, former PayPal web designer who co-founded YouTube Eric M. Jackson, who wrote the book The PayPal Wars and became chief executive officer of WND Books and co-founded CapLinked Jawed Karim, former PayPal engineer who co-founded YouTube Jared Kopf, former PayPal (executive assistant to Peter Thiel) who co-founded Slide, HomeRun and NextRoll Dave McClure, former PayPal marketing director, a super angel investor for start up companies Andrew McCormack, co-founder of Valar Ventures Luke Nosek, PayPal co-founder and former vice president of marketing and strategy, became a partner at Founders Fund with Peter Thiel and Ken Howery Keith Rabois, former executive at PayPal who later worked at LinkedIn, Slide, Square, Khosla Ventures, and currently with Peter Thiel at Founders Fund, and personally invested in Tokbox, Xoom, Slide, LinkedIn, Geni, Room 9 Entertainment, YouTube, and Yelp Jack Selby, former vice president of corporate and international development at PayPal who co-founded Clarium Capital with Peter Thiel, later becoming managing director of Grandmaster Capital Management Premal Shah, former product manager at PayPal, became the founding president of Kiva.org Russel Simmons, former PayPal engineer who co-founded Yelp Inc. Jeremy Stoppelman, former vice president of technology at PayPal who later co-founded Yelp Yishan Wong, former engineering manager at PayPal, later worked at Facebook and became the CEO of Reddit",Jack Selby was former vice president of corporate and international development at PayPal.,summarization What kind of jelly is best for a peanut butter and jelly sandwich?,,Strawberry is best. Grape is acceptable. Mint is bizarre.,open_qa List down some key points about area in geometry from the passage given.,"Area is the measure of a region's size on a surface. The area of a plane region or plane area refers to the area of a shape or planar lamina, while surface area refers to the area of an open surface or the boundary of a three-dimensional object. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat. It is the two-dimensional analogue of the length of a curve (a one-dimensional concept) or the volume of a solid (a three-dimensional concept).","1. Area is a unit used to describe how big a region is on a surface. 2. Surface area refers to the area of an open surface or the boundary of a three-dimensional object, whereas the area of a plane region or plane area refers to the area of a form or planar lamina. 3. Area can be interpreted as the quantity of material with a specific thickness required to create a model of the shape or as the quantity of paint required to completely cover a surface in a single coat. 4. It is the two-dimensional equivalent of the volume of a solid or the length of a curve, both of which are one-dimensional concepts. (a three-dimensional concept).",summarization "What decade is the Great Gatsby set in, and what is the nickname for that time period?",,"The Great Gatsby is set in the 1920s, known as the Roaring Twenties",open_qa Where was the first publicly funded civil park?,,"The first publicly funded civil park is generally accepted to be Birkenhead Park, in England, United Kingdom.",open_qa Extract when were the universities of Palencia and Salamanca established,"The 13th century also witnessed the Crown of Aragon, centred in Spain's north east, expand its reach across islands in the Mediterranean, to Sicily and Naples. Around this time the universities of Palencia (1212/1263) and Salamanca (1218/1254) were established. The Black Death of 1348 and 1349 devastated Spain.",The University of Palencia was established between 1212 and 1263 and the University of Salamanca was established between 1218 and 1254.,information_extraction how can you generate passive income?,,"Compared with active income which you earn in exchange of your time and efforts, passive income comes passively as you can sit aside after proper initial setups. Some argue that time-average investing in index funds is considered passive investing. Time-average-investing or dollar cost averaging investing means you invest a fixed amount in the index fund recurringly with a given frequency, usually monthly or biweekly, regardless of the fund price. You can set it up with auto-payment or auto-investment through your brokerage and let it build your wealth over time. Index funds mirror the performance of a collection of selected stocks, thus providing a diversified strategy by its nature. SP500 index has a proven performance record that beats most active fund managers. In addition, real estate investment is somehow passive if you leave all the property management to professionals. However, the fact that it requires a certain amount of equity to get started makes younger investors shy away from it. For the younger generation, generating passive income from content they publish on social media has become a popular choice. For example, publishing videos to your YouTube channel requires time and effort to create the content. But once the video is live, it starts to generate income streams with more and more people watching your videos for years to come.",brainstorming What were the Crusades?,"The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land in the period between 1095 and 1291 that were intended to conquer Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule. Beginning with the First Crusade, which resulted in the conquest of Jerusalem in 1099, dozens of military campaigns were organised, providing a focal point of European history for centuries. Crusading declined rapidly after the 15th century.",The Crusades collectively refer religious wars in the medieval times. The Crusades are famously know today for expeditions into the Muslim Holy Land to capture lands in the name of European kings and religion from 1095-1291.,summarization "Given this paragraph about hickory wood, tell me what sporting equipment it might be used for.","Hickory wood is hard, stiff, dense and shock resistant. There are woods stronger than hickory and woods that are harder, but the combination of strength, toughness, hardness, and stiffness found in hickory wood is not found in any other commercial wood. It is used for tool handles, pickaxe handles, bows, wheel spokes, carts, drumsticks, lacrosse stick handles, golf club shafts (sometimes still called hickory stick, even though made of steel or graphite), the bottoms of skis, walking sticks, and for punitive use as a switch (like hazel), and especially as a cane-like hickory stick in schools and use by parents. Paddles are often made from hickory. This property of hickory wood has left a trace in some Native American languages: in Ojibwe, hickory is called mitigwaabaak, a compound of mitigwaab ""bow"" and the final -aakw ""hardwood tree"". Due to its grain structure, hickory is more susceptible to moisture absorption than other species of wood, and is therefore more prone to shrinkage, warping or swelling with changes in humidity.","Hickory wood may be used to make lacrosse stick handles, golf club shafts, and the bottom of skis.",closed_qa What U.S. President has left the White House to be re-elected again?,,Grover Cleveland. Mr. Cleveland served his first term from 1885 - 1889 and his second term was from 1893 - 1897.,brainstorming What is the history of the Masters Golf Tournament,,"The Masters was started by amateur champion Bobby Jones and investment banker Clifford Roberts. After his grand slam in 1930, Jones acquired the former plant nursery and co-designed Augusta National with course architect Alister MacKenzie. First played 89 years ago in 1934, the tournament is an official money event on the PGA Tour, the European Tour, and the Japan Golf Tour. The field of players is smaller than those of the other major championships because it is an invitational event, held by the Augusta National Golf Club. The tournament has a number of traditions. Since 1949, a green jacket has been awarded to the champion, who must return it to the clubhouse one year after his victory, although it remains his personal property and is stored with other champions' jackets in a specially designated cloakroom. In most instances, only a first-time and currently reigning champion may remove his jacket from the club grounds. A golfer who wins the event multiple times uses the same green jacket awarded upon his initial win (unless they need to be re-fitted with a new jacket). The Champions Dinner, inaugurated by Ben Hogan in 1952, is held on the Tuesday before each tournament, and is open only to past champions and certain board members of the Augusta National Golf Club. Beginning in 1963, legendary golfers, usually past champions, have hit an honorary tee shot on the morning of the first round to commence play. These have included Fred McLeod, Jock Hutchinson, Gene Sarazen, Sam Snead, Byron Nelson, Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus, Gary Player, Lee Elder, and Tom Watson. Since 1960, a semi-social contest at the par-3 course has been played on Wednesday, the day before the first round. Nicklaus has the most Masters wins, with six between 1963 and 1986. Tiger Woods won five between 1997 and 2019. Palmer won four between 1958 and 1964. Five have won three titles at Augusta: Jimmy Demaret, Sam Snead, Gary Player, Nick Faldo, and Phil Mickelson. Player, from South Africa, was the first non-American player to win the tournament, in 1961; the second was Seve Ballesteros of Spain, the champion in 1980 and 1983. The Augusta National course first opened 90 years ago in 1933 and has been modified many times by different architects. Among the changes: greens have been reshaped and, on occasion, entirely re-designed, bunkers have been added, water hazards have been extended, new tee boxes have been built, hundreds of trees have been planted, and several mounds have been installed.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Naqara, Bouzouki",,"Bouzouki is string, Naqara is percussion.",classification Extract the name and the release year of the albums of the rock band Pink Floyd. Place them in a bullet list and separate name and year with a comma,"Pink Floyd are an English rock band formed in London in 1965. Gaining an early following as one of the first British psychedelic groups, they were distinguished by their extended compositions, sonic experimentation, philosophical lyrics and elaborate live shows. They became a leading band of the progressive rock genre, cited by some as the greatest progressive rock band of all time. Pink Floyd were founded in 1965 by Syd Barrett (guitar, lead vocals), Nick Mason (drums), Roger Waters (bass guitar, vocals), and Richard Wright (keyboards, vocals). Under Barrett's leadership, they released two charting singles and the successful debut album The Piper at the Gates of Dawn (1967). The guitarist and vocalist David Gilmour joined in January 1968; Barrett left in April 1968 due to deteriorating mental health. Waters became the primary lyricist and thematic leader, devising the concepts behind Pink Floyd's most successful albums, The Dark Side of the Moon (1973), Wish You Were Here (1975), Animals (1977) and The Wall (1979). The musical film based on The Wall, Pink Floyd – The Wall (1982), won two BAFTA Awards. Pink Floyd also composed several film scores. Following personal tensions, Wright left Pink Floyd in 1981, followed by Waters in 1985. Gilmour and Mason continued as Pink Floyd, rejoined later by Wright. They produced the albums A Momentary Lapse of Reason (1987) and The Division Bell (1994), backed by major tours, before entering a long hiatus. In 2005, all but Barrett reunited for a performance at the global awareness event Live 8. Barrett died in 2006, and Wright in 2008. The last Pink Floyd studio album, The Endless River (2014), was based on unreleased material from the Division Bell recording sessions. In 2022, Gilmour and Mason reformed Pink Floyd to release the song ""Hey, Hey, Rise Up!"" in protest of the Russo-Ukrainian War. By 2013, Pink Floyd had sold more than 250 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling music artists of all time. The Dark Side of the Moon and The Wall were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, and these albums and Wish You Were Here are among the best-selling albums of all time. Four Pink Floyd albums topped the US Billboard 200, and five topped the UK Albums Chart. Pink Floyd's hit singles include ""See Emily Play"" (1967), ""Money"" (1973), ""Another Brick in the Wall, Part 2"" (1979), ""Not Now John"" (1983), ""On the Turning Away"" (1987) and ""High Hopes"" (1994). They were inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. In 2008, Pink Floyd were awarded the Polar Music Prize in Sweden for their contribution to modern music.","- The Piper at the Gates of Dawn,1967 - The Dark Side of the Moon,1973 - Wish You Were Here,1975 - Animals,1977 - The Wall,1979 - A Momentary Lapse of Reason,1987 - The Division Bell,1994 - The Endless River,2014",information_extraction Give me some examples of metamorphic rocks.,,Marble and slate are metamorphic rock types.,brainstorming "What is Puha, New Zealand",,"Puha or Puhatikotiko is a locality between the Waipaoa River and the Waikohu River in the Gisborne District of New Zealand's North Island. It is located close to the confluence of the two rivers on State Highway 2 close to Te Karaka, inland from the city of Gisborne. A notable resident was Te Kani Te Ua.",open_qa Write some points about Ministry of Public Health (Thailand) using given text as a reference,"In Thailand before 1888 there were no permanent, public hospitals to provide care to sick people. Temporary hospitals were set up to care for patients during epidemics, then disbanded when the epidemic subsided. Under King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) a hospital was constructed and completed in 1888 and named ""Siriraj Hospital"" in commemoration of the king's young son, Prince Siriraj Kakudhabhand, who had died of dysentery. King Vajiravudh, King Chulalongkorn's successor, established Department of Health on 27 November 1918. During the reign of King Rama VIII, the Ministry of Public Health was established on 10 March 1942 as a result of the enactment of the Ministries and Departments Reorganization Act (Amendment No. 3) of B.E. 2485. Later in 1966, the date 27 November was chosen as the commemoration day of the Ministry of Public Health's foundation.","1. There were no permanent public hospitals in Thailand prior to 1888 to care for the ill. 2. When an epidemic broke out, temporary hospitals were established to provide medical care for patients. 3. A hospital was built and finished in 1888 under King Chulalongkorn (Ram V), and given the name ""Siriraj Hospital"" in honour of the king's little son, Prince Siriraj Kakudhabhand, who had passed away from dysentery. 4. On November 27, 1918, King Vajiravudh, who succeeded King Chulalongkorn, created the Department of Health. 5. On March 10, 1942, under King Rama VIII, the Ministries and Departments Reorganization Act (Amendment No. 3) of B.E. 2485 was passed, which led to the creation of the Ministry of Public Health. 6. Later in 1966, the establishment of the Ministry of Public Health was commemorated on November 27.",summarization What are the primary colors?,,"Primary colors are red, yellow, and blue. Together, these are used in combination to create the rest of the color pallet. Red + yellow = orange. Yellow + blue = green. Red + blue = purple.",classification "Classify these as either states or cities: Illinois, California, San Francisco, Austin, Texas.",,"Illinois, California, and Texas are states. San Francisco and Austin are cities.",classification Eric Arthur Blaire was the real name of which author,,George Orwell,open_qa Test,,Mike,creative_writing What is the Spengler Cup,,"The Spengler Cup is an annual invitational ice hockey tournament held in Davos, Switzerland. First held in 1923, the Spengler Cup is often cited as the oldest invitational ice hockey tournament in the world. The event is hosted by the Swiss team HC Davos and played each year in Davos from 26 December to 31 inclusively. Currently, all games are held at the Eisstadion Davos. It was originally devised by Dr. Carl Spengler as a means to promote teams from German-speaking Europe, who might have suffered ostracism in the aftermath of World War I. Eventually, the tournament grew well beyond expectations. Many of Europe's most prestigious clubs and national programs have appeared, including Soviet, Czechoslovak, Swedish, German, and Finnish powerhouses. Through its history, club or national teams from 13 countries have won the tournament, with Team Canada winning the most cups as a club (16) while various teams from Switzerland have won the most cups for one country (20). Among non-European organizations, Team Canada, Team USA, nationally ranked U.S. collegiate teams, reigning AHL Calder Cup and Ontario Hockey Association champions, and even Team Japan (in 1971, building international experience before playing as hosts of the 1972 Sapporo Winter Olympics) have competed for the Spengler Cup. Since at least 1990, Team Canada has been the only participant from North America, with the exception of the AHL's Rochester Americans in 1996 and 2013 (see AHL participation at the Spengler Cup). In the 2018 tournament, Finnish club team KalPa from the city of Kuopio defeated Team Canada 2–1 in the final. The game was decided in the 8th round of a shootout, the first series of game-winning shots in tournament history that determined the winner of the Spengler Cup. The Spengler Cup tournament was not played in 2020 or 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the 2022 tournament, Swiss club team HC Ambrì-Piotta defeated Sparta Prague 3–2 in the final; with the game decided in the 5th round of a shootout.",open_qa In what year did the Pac-10 Become the Pac-12?,,The Pac-10 became the Pac-12 in 2011 with the addition of Colorado and Utah.,open_qa What is the Summary of this page?,"Franklin Edson (April 5, 1832 – September 24, 1904) was an American merchant who served as the 85th Mayor of New York from 1883 to 1884. Early life Edson was born in Chester, Vermont on April 5, 1832, where his father had a farm. A descendant of the Puritans, he was the son of Soviah (née Wilson) Edson and Opher Edson. He was educated at the local schools and at the Chester Academy in Vermont. Career Business At age twenty, Edson moved to Albany to work in his brother Cyrus' distillery, becoming a partner three years later. He left the distillery after his brother's death and started a produce business, which he relocated to New York City in 1866. His venture proved successful during the American Civil War, making Edson wealthy and enabling him to engage in civic, religious and charitable causes. He was an active Episcopalian and a member of Saint James Church, Fordham, in the Bronx. In 1873, he became one of the city's most important business leaders when he was appointed President of the New York Produce Exchange. Politics An anti-Tammany Democrat, in 1882 he was nominated for Mayor through the efforts of Tammany Hall boss John Murphy to avoid a Democratic Party split between organization loyalists and reformers. Upon taking office in 1883, he angered reformers by appointing Tammany men to key jobs, but he soon embraced civil service reform and other honest government measures. During his term the Brooklyn Bridge was dedicated, the Manhattan Municipal Building was constructed, and work was completed on the city's new water supply, the Croton Aqueduct. He appointed the commission responsible for the selection and location of public lands for parks in the Bronx, which came to include Van Cortlandt, Bronx, Pelham Bay, Crotona, Claremont and St. Mary's Parks, and the Mosholu, Bronx River, Pelham, and Crotona Parkways. After Edson split with Tammany the 1884 Democratic nomination for Mayor went to William Russell Grace, who had also preceded Edson as Mayor, and Edson retired from politics at the completion of his term in 1885. After leaving the mayor's office, Edson returned to his business interests and continued his philanthropic activities. Personal life In 1856, Edson was married to Frances Cameron ""Fannie"" Wood (1835–1893), the daughter of Benjamin Howland Wood. Fannie was the granddaughter of Jethro Wood, inventor of the cast-iron moldboard plow. They owned a homestead in Morris Heights, Bronx that consisted of three acres, a stately residence, stable and barn, which he exchanged for 247 Central Park West, two doors south of the corner of 85th Street, in 1893. Together, Fannie and Franklin were the parents of: Cyrus Edson (1857–1903), a doctor who married Virginia Churchill Paige (1853–1891). He served as the President of the Board of Health. Franklin (1859-1926), who married Elsie Squier. David Orr Edson (1862–1923), a doctor. Henry Townsend Edson (1864–1903), who married Margarita Diehl. In 1903, Henry Edson murdered his friend's wife and then committed suicide. Edith Edson (b. 1870), who married Willis Benner. Robert S. (1873-1941), who married Fanny Ropes. Ethel Townsend Edson (b. 1877), who married Arthur Hoffman Van Brunt (b. 1865). He died at his home in Manhattan on September 24, 1904. He was buried in Section 15, Lot 16 at Albany Rural Cemetery, Menands, New York. Legacy Edson Avenue in The Bronx is named for him.","Franklin Edson is a former Mayor of New York. He started a produce business and became one of the city's most important business leaders. Later, he joined politics as an anti-Tammany Democrat and became the mayor of New York in 1883. He led the effort for public lands for parks in the Bronx. He was married to Frances Cameron ""Fannie"" Wood and they had 7 children.",summarization "Given this paragraph about the M26, tell me how many times Hunt finished in the top 3, and explain your reasoning.","McLaren relied on the M23 during the rest of the season and for the first few races of 1977 until it was deemed necessary that the M26 was to race in light of the wilting performance of its predecessor. The redesigned car made its debut at the Spanish Grand Prix, where it proved to be a solid, if unspectacular performer. James Hunt, who initially hated the car knuckled down to improve the race pace and reliability of the M26, and throughout the season the car's performance improved noticeably. Hunt won three times during the course of the season, and scored two other podium finishes in the second half of the season. Two other potential victories were lost in Austria and Canada through reliability issues when Hunt was leading easily. At season's end, McLaren had scored 69 points and were third in the constructors' championship.","He placed in the top 3 a total of 5 times, because he won three times and had an additional two podium finishes.",closed_qa Who are Daenerys Targaryen's dragons named after?,,"Drogon is named for her late husband, Khal Drogo, and Viserion and Rhaegal are named for her late brothers, Viserys and Rhaegar.",open_qa "What are the 13 villages in Newton, Massachusetts?",,"Unlike many cities that have a single downtown and town center, the City of Newton, Massachusetts is divided into thirteen distinct villages with its own center. The thirteen villages are: * Auburndale * Chestnut Hill * Newton Centre * Newton Corner * Newton Highlands * Newton Lower Falls * Newton Upper Falls * Newtonville * Nonantum * Oak Hill * Thompsonville * Waban * West Newton",brainstorming "Sort these car brands and models into car types, either sedan, SUV, or sports car: Volkswagon Atlas, Porsche Boxter, Ford Mustang, Porsche Cayenne, Toyota Camry, Toyota Corolla, Dodge Durango, Chevrolet Camaro, Ford Explorer, Nissan Sentra, Porsche 911, Ford Escape, Chevrolet Equinox, Honda Pilot, Kia Telluride, Genesis G90, Honda Accord, Honda Civic, Kia Forte",,"The SUVs are: Volkswagon Atlas, Porsche Cayenne, Dodge Durango, Ford Explorer, Ford Escape, Chevrolet Equinox, Honda Pilot, Kia Telluride, and Genesis G90. The sports cars are: Porsche Boxter, Chevrolet Camaro, Porsche 911, and Ford Mustang. The sedans are: Toyota Camry, Toyota Corolla, Nissan Sentra, Honda Accord, Honda Civic, and Kia Forte.",classification What is Photosynthesis?,,"Photosynthesis is a process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.",creative_writing When was golf invented?,,"Golf was invented and first played in Scotland in the 15th century. The first 18-hole round of golf was played at St. Andrews (in Fife, Scotland) in 1764.",open_qa "Tell me if the following music pieces are considered classical music, jazz music or pop music? The magic flute, Kind of blue, Wish you were here, Bach's Saint John Passion, Take five, We are the champions.",,"The music pieces The magic flute, Bach's Saint John Passion are considered classical music. The pieces Kind of blue and Take five are considered jazz. music and the pieces Wish you were here and We are the champions are considered pop music.",classification What is the climbing history summary of Gurla Mandhata?,"In 1905, T. G. Longstaff, accompanied by two alpine guides and six porters, made an attempt on Gurla Mandhata. They turned back at around 7,000 m (23,000 ft) after being caught in an avalanche and encountering other difficulties. This was a strong achievement for the time, especially for such a small group; at that time no summit of over 7,000 m had yet been climbed and Longstaff's height represented a world altitude record. In 1935, a Viennese student, Herbert Tichy, disguised as an Indian pilgrim, made a trip to the holy mountain Kailash. On the way, he attempted Gurla Mandhata with one of his porters, Kitar. They reached a height of 23,400 ft. where they were turned back by fresh snow and bad weather. In 1955 the mountain was the intended destination of the inaugural Welsh Himalayan Expedition, led by Sydney Wignall. The expedition, sponsored by the Liverpool Daily Post, intended to summit Gurla Mandata and plant three flags: the Welsh Dragon, the flag of the recently-overthrown Chinese Republic and the Jolly Roger. Before the climb could begin, the group was captured by the Chinese military who imprisoned and tortured the climbers for two months under the belief they were CIA spies (Wignall had in fact offered to spy for India). The first ascent of the peak was by a joint Japanese/Chinese team led by Katsutoshi Hirabayashi, via the north side of the peak, in May 1985. Since that time, there have been six additional successful ascents and two failed attempts on the peak. In 1997, an attempt was made to ascend the peak via the then-unclimbed North Face route by Quinn Simons, Soren Peters, and their guide, Charlie Fowler. The team made a valiant effort, climbing high on the mountain, but after severe storms and other difficulties had to retreat. Their descent ended in a fall of some 450 m (1,500 ft) down the North Face of the peak. Fowler was slightly injured, while Simons and Peters both suffered extreme frostbite on their extremities. The standard ascent route climbs the western flanks of the mountain ascending the Chaglung'mlungha Glacier to the summit plateau. Most teams choose to approach the mountain overland by jeep from either Lhasa, Tibet, or Kathmandu, Nepal. However, an alternate approach begins in the mountain hamlet of Simikot, Nepal, in the remote Humla district of west Nepal and follows the Karnali River northward, crossing into Tibet (China) in the village of Sher. Jeeps then take climbers north through Taklakot (Burang) to basecamp on the mountain.","The first clmbing attempt of of Gurla Mandhata happened in 1905. T. G. Longstaff, accompanied by two alpine guides and six porters reached 23,000 feet but had to turn around due to an avalanche and other difficulties. Second attempt was made in 1935 by a Viennese student, Herbert Tichy and 1 porter. They reached a height of 23,000 feet but turned around due to fresh snow and bad weather. The first successful happened in 1985 by a joint Japanese/Chinese team led by Katsutoshi Hirabayashi on the north side of the peak. Since then, there was an additional six successful ascent and two failed attempts to reach the peak.",summarization "Categorize each of the vehicles as a car, truck, or van: Tesla Model 3, Ford F150, Chevy Silverado, Toyota Sienna, Honda Odyssey, Toyota Tacoma, Dodge Dart",,"Tesla Model 3: Car Ford F150: Truck Chevy Silverado: Truck Toyota Sienna: Van Honda Odyssey: Van Toyota Tacoma: Truck Dodge Dart: Car",classification "Given a reference text about Jen Shah, what is she famous from, when was she criminally charged, what was the verdict, and when was she sentenced.","Shah starred on the reality television series The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City, which premiered in November 2020. In March 2021, she was criminally charged with conspiracy to commit money laundering and wire fraud, pleading not guilty to both charges days later. Her legal case was chronicled in the documentary film Housewife and the Shah Shocker, which premiered on Hulu in November that same year. In July 2022, Shah pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud. In January 2023, Shah was sentenced to six-and-a-half years in prison. Shah began her prison sentence the following month.","Jen Shah came into the spotlight in November 2020 when The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City aired. In March 2021 she was charged with conspiracy to commit money laundering as well as wire fraud. She pled not guilty, but then come July 2022 she plead guilty to commit wire fraud. January of 2023 she was sentenced to 6.5 years in prison and her sentence began in February.",closed_qa "Which of the following are not colors of the rainbow spectrum? Purple, Blue, Aqua, Orange, Black, Violet, Pink",,"The colors of the rainbow spectrum are typically referenced using the acronym ROYGBIV: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo & Violet. From the prior list, the colors that are not part of the rainbow spectrum are Purple, Aqua, Black and Pink.",classification What do you need when you see a blue flag during the race?,"Race The race begins with a warm-up lap, after which the cars assemble on the starting grid in the order they qualified. This lap is often referred to as the formation lap, as the cars lap in formation with no overtaking (although a driver who makes a mistake may regain lost ground). The warm-up lap allows drivers to check the condition of the track and their car, gives the tyres a chance to warm up to increase traction and grip, and also gives the pit crews time to clear themselves and their equipment from the grid for the race start. Jacques Villeneuve qualifying at the 2005 United States Grand Prix in his Sauber C24 Once all the cars have formed on the grid, after the medical car positions itself behind the pack, a light system above the track indicates the start of the race: five red lights are illuminated at intervals of one second; they are all then extinguished simultaneously after an unspecified time (typically less than 3 seconds) to signal the start of the race. The start procedure may be abandoned if a driver stalls on the grid or on the track in an unsafe position, signalled by raising their arm. If this happens, the procedure restarts: a new formation lap begins with the offending car removed from the grid. The race may also be restarted in the event of a serious accident or dangerous conditions, with the original start voided. The race may be started from behind the Safety Car if race control feels a racing start would be excessively dangerous, such as extremely heavy rainfall. As of the 2019 season, there will always be a standing restart. If due to heavy rainfall a start behind the safety car is necessary, then after the track has dried sufficiently, drivers will form up for a standing start. There is no formation lap when races start behind the Safety Car. Under normal circumstances, the winner of the race is the first driver to cross the finish line having completed a set number of laps. Race officials may end the race early (putting out a red flag) due to unsafe conditions such as extreme rainfall, and it must finish within two hours, although races are only likely to last this long in the case of extreme weather or if the safety car is deployed during the race. When a situation justifies pausing the race without terminating it, the red flag is deployed; since 2005, a ten-minute warning is given before the race is resumed behind the safety car, which leads the field for a lap before it returns to the pit lane (before then the race resumed in race order from the penultimate lap before the red flag was shown). In the 1950s, race distances varied from 300 km (190 mi) to 600 km (370 mi). The maximum race length was reduced to 400 km (250 mi) in 1966 and 325 km (202 mi) in 1971. The race length was standardised to the current 305 km (190 mi) in 1989. However, street races like Monaco have shorter distances, to keep under the two-hour limit. Drivers may overtake one another for position over the course of the race. If a leader comes across a backmarker (slower car) who has completed fewer laps, the back marker is shown a blue flag telling them that they are obliged to allow the leader to overtake them. The slower car is said to be ""lapped"" and, once the leader finishes the race, is classified as finishing the race ""one lap down"". A driver can be lapped numerous times, by any car in front of them. A driver who fails to complete more than 90% of the race distance is shown as ""not classified"" in the results. Throughout the race, drivers may make pit stops to change tyres and repair damage (from 1994 to 2009 inclusive, they could also refuel). Different teams and drivers employ different pit stop strategies in order to maximise their car's potential. Three dry tyre compounds, with different durability and adhesion characteristics, are available to drivers. Over the course of a race, drivers must use two of the three available compounds. The different compounds have different levels of performance and choosing when to use which compound is a key tactical decision to make. Different tyres have different colours on their sidewalls; this allows spectators to understand the strategies. Under wet conditions, drivers may switch to one of two specialised wet weather tyres with additional grooves (one ""intermediate"", for mild wet conditions, such as after recent rain, one ""full wet"", for racing in or immediately after rain). A driver must make at least one stop to use two tyre compounds; up to three stops are typically made, although further stops may be necessary to fix damage or if weather conditions change. If rain tyres are used, drivers are no longer obliged to use both types of dry tyres.",Allow the leader to overtake.,summarization What are some of the languages spoken in India?,,"Following are some of the languages spoken in India - Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Oriya, Kannada, Telugu, Marathi, Punjabi, and Bengali.",open_qa What does a funambulist walk on?,,A Tight Rope,open_qa Who was the ruling member of the Sharabhapuriya dynasty in 575 CE?,"A. M. Shastri estimates the reigns of the Sharabhapuriya rulers as follows: based on Sharabha's identification with the Sharabharaja mentioned in the 510 CE Eran inscription, he assigns Sharabha's reign to 475–500 CE (assuming a 25-year reign). Similarly, he assigns 25 years to the next two kings. Since Jayaraja's latest inscription is dated to 9th regnal year, Shastri assumes a 10-year reign for Jayaraja, and some subsequent kings. Sharabha (Śarabha), c. 475–500 CE Narendra, c. 500–525 CE Prasanna, c. 525–550 CE Jayarāja, c. 550–560 CE Sudevarāja, c 560–570 CE Manamatra alias Durgarāja, c. 570–580 CE Sudevarāja, c. 570–580 CE Pravarāja, c. 580–590 CE Alternative dates have been proposed by other historians. For example, D. C. Sircar estimated Sharabha's reign as 465–480 CE, while V. V. Mirashi estimated it as 460–480 CE.","Based on that paragraph, the ruler during 575 CE was Sudevarāja, who ruled from c. 570–580 CE. Note that this may be an estimate, since all of the time periods listed have a ""c."" (short for ""circa""), which indicates some uncertainty about the time ranges listed.",information_extraction What are the primary colors?,,"Red, Blue and Yellow",open_qa I need to improve my sleep. Give me a list of ideas for doing so.,,"* Make your bedroom darker, especially if daylight wakes you up in the morning. * Make your room quieter, or use a white noise machine, if you are awoken by noises. * If you find yourself getting too hot or cold, adjust your pajamas, bedding, or room temperature. * Exercise during the day, but not too close to bedtime. * Have a regular bedtime, as well as a bedtime routine beforehand. * Avoid looking at computer, TV or phone screens for an hour or two before bedtime. * Try to lower your stress levels. * Give yourself enough time to sleep so that you don't need an alarm to wake up.",brainstorming The movie Marquise of Armiani,,"The Marquise of Armiani (German: Die Marchesa d'Armiani) is a 1920 German silent film directed by Alfred Halm and starring Pola Negri, Ernst Dernburg, and Elsa Wagner. The film's sets were designed by the art director Kurt Richter. Cast Pola Negri as Marchesa Assunta Ernst Dernburg as Polizeichef Elsa Wagner as Assuntas Mutter Max Pohl Fritz Schulz",open_qa "Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Pagani, Panoz",,"Pagani is Italian, Panoz is American",classification List high quality binge worthy tv shows,,"Breaking Bad, Sons of Anarchy, Homeland, The Sopranos, Mind Hunter, Shameless",brainstorming "Given a reference text about Uber, tell me when the old CEO was replaced.","In 2009, Garrett Camp, a co-founder of StumbleUpon, came up with the idea to create Uber to make it easier and cheaper to procure direct transportation. Camp and Travis Kalanick had spent $800 hiring a private driver on New Year's Eve, which they deemed excessive, and Camp was also inspired by his difficulty in finding a taxi on a snowy night in Paris. The prototype of the mobile app was built by Camp and his friends, Oscar Salazar and Conrad Whelan, with Kalanick as the ""mega advisor"" to the company. In February 2010, Ryan Graves became the first Uber employee; he was named chief executive officer (CEO) in May 2010. In December 2010, Kalanick succeeded Graves as CEO and Graves became the chief operating officer. Following a beta launch in May 2010, Uber's services and mobile app launched publicly in San Francisco in 2011. Originally, the application only allowed users to hail a black luxury car and the price was approximately 1.5 times that of a taxi. In 2011, the company changed its name from UberCab to Uber after complaints from San Francisco taxicab operators. The company's early hires included a nuclear physicist, a computational neuroscientist, and a machinery expert who worked on predicting arrival times for Uber's cars more accurately than Google APIs. In April 2012, Uber launched a service in Chicago, whereby users were able to request a regular taxi or an Uber driver via its mobile app. In July 2012, the company introduced UberX, a cheaper option that allowed drivers to use non-luxury vehicles, including their personal vehicles, subject to a background check, insurance, registration, and vehicle standards. By December 2013, the service was operating in 65 cities. In December 2013, USA Today named Uber its tech company of the year. In August 2014, Uber launched a shared transport service in the San Francisco Bay Area and launched Uber Eats, a food delivery service. Uber logo used from February 2016 until September 2018 In August 2016, facing tough competition, Uber sold its operations in China to DiDi in exchange for an 18% stake in DiDi. DiDi agreed to invest $1 billion in Uber. Uber had started operations in China in 2014, under the name 优步 (Yōubù). In 2016, Uber acquired Ottomotto, a self-driving truck company founded by Anthony Levandowski, for $625 million. Levandowski, previously employed by Waymo, allegedly founded Ottomotto using trade secrets he stole from Waymo. Uber settled a lawsuit regarding the use of such intellectual property and reached a deal to use Waymo's technology for its freight transport operations. In December 2016, Uber acquired Geometric Intelligence. Geometric Intelligence's 15 person staff formed the initial core of ""Uber AI"", a division for researching AI technologies and machine learning. Uber AI created multiple open source projects, such as Pyro, Ludwig, and Plato. Uber AI also developed new AI techniques and algorithms, such as the POET algorithm and a sequence of papers on neuroevolution. Uber AI was shut down in May 2020. In August 2017, Dara Khosrowshahi, the former CEO of Expedia Group, replaced Kalanick as CEO. In February 2018, Uber combined its operations in Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia and Kazakhstan with those of Yandex.Taxi and invested $225 million in the venture. In March 2018, Uber merged its services in Southeast Asia with those of Grab in exchange for a 27.5% ownership stake in Grab. Between May 2018 and November 2018, Uber offered Uber Rent powered by Getaround, a peer-to-peer carsharing service available to some users in San Francisco. In November 2018, Uber became a gold member of the Linux Foundation. On May 10, 2019, Uber became a public company via an initial public offering. In the summer of 2019, Uber announced layoffs of 8% of its staff and eliminated the position of COO Barney Harford. In October 2019, in partnership with HeliFlight, Uber offered 8-minute helicopter flights between Manhattan and John F. Kennedy International Airport for $200-$225 per passenger. Between October 2019 and May 2020, Uber offered Uber Works, a mobile app connecting workers who wanted temporary jobs with businesses in Chicago and Miami. In January 2020, Uber acquired Careem for $3.1 billion and sold its Indian Uber Eats operations to Zomato. Also in January 2020, Uber tested a feature that enabled drivers at the Santa Barbara, Sacramento, and Palm Springs airports to set fares based on a multiple of Uber's rates. In May 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Uber announced layoffs of over 14% of its workforce. In June 2020, in its first software as a service partnership, Uber announced that it would manage the on-demand high-occupancy vehicle fleet for Marin Transit, a public bus agency in Marin County, California. In July 2020, Uber, in partnership with its majority-owned Cornershop, launched Uber grocery delivery service in Latin America, Canada, Miami, and Dallas. In September 2020, Uber committed to carbon neutrality globally by 2040, and required that, by 2030, in most countries, rides must be offered exclusively in electric vehicles. In December 2020, Uber acquired Postmates for $2.65 billion. Also in December 2020, Uber sold its Elevate division, which was developing short flights using VTOL aircraft, to Joby Aviation. In January 2021, Uber ATG/Advanced Technologies Group, a joint venture minority-owned by SoftBank Vision Fund, Toyota, and Denso that was developing self-driving cars, was sold to Aurora Innovation for $4 billion in equity and Uber invested $400 million into Aurora. In March 2021, the company moved to a new headquarters on Third Street in Mission Bay, San Francisco, consisting of several 6- and 11-story buildings connected by bridges and walkways. In October 2021, Uber acquired Drizly, an alcohol delivery service, for $1.1 billion in cash and stock. On January 20, 2022, Uber acquired Australian car-sharing company Car Next Door. In May 2022, Uber began operations in Italy, forming a partnership with IT Taxi, Italy's largest taxi dispatcher, to integrate the dispatcher's drivers with the Uber platform. Uber had previously done similar deals in Spain, Germany, Austria, Turkey, South Korea, Hong Kong, and New York. On September 15, 2022, Uber discovered a security breach of its internal network by a hacker that utilized social engineering to obtain an employee's credentials and gain access to the company's VPN and intranet. The company said that no sensitive data had been compromised","In August 2017, Dara Khosrowshahi replaced Travis Kalanick as the CEO of Uber.",closed_qa Give a short bulleted list of the academic positions held by Sechrest. Each bullet should have the name of the university and the titles that Sechrest had in that university.,"Sechrest joined the faculty of Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) in 1956 as an assistant professor of psychology. He left Penn State in 1958 to become an assistant professor at Northwestern University, where he was promoted to associate professor in 1964 and to full professor in 1967. In 1973, he became a professor of psychology at Florida State University, and in 1980, he was named director of the Center for Research on the Utilization of Scientific Knowledge in the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan. In 1984, he joined the University of Arizona as professor and chair of the Department of Psychology, serving as department chair until 1989. He served as president of the Society of Clinical Psychology (Division 12 of the American Psychological Association) in 1985. He continued to serve as an active faculty member at the University of Arizona until 2002, whereupon he became an emeritus professor there.","- Pennsylvania State University : assistant professor - Northwestern University: assistant professor, associate professor, full professor - Florida State University: professor of psychology - University of Michigan: director of the Center for Research on the Utilization of Scientific Knowledge in the Institute for Social Research - University of Arizona: professor, chair of the department of Pshychology, emeritus professor",summarization "What are the four primary states of matter? Answer in bullet point list, and capitalize each words",,"- Solid - Liquid - Gas - Plasma",open_qa What are the books in the 'A Song of Ice and Fire' series and when were they released?,,"The books in the 'A Song of Ice and Fire' series are: - A Game of Thrones [August 1996] - A Clash of Kings [February 1999] - A Storm of Swords [November 2000] - A Feast for Crows [November 2005] - A Dance with Dragons [July 2011] - The Winds of Winter - A Dream of Spring ",open_qa Write a poem about a little neurodiverse boy with amazing gifts.,,"I know a little boy called Shane He has an amazing, unique brain All the country flags of the world he knows, at a glance Big numbers he adds and multiples, whenever he gets a chance His curiosity is what fascinates me And alas, his fantastic memory! He sometimes struggles to make friends And seldom cares about the latest fashion trends He is a shining star, shining bright He brings joy to everyone around him, and pure delight!",creative_writing "If I have a dollar, two nickels and a quarter, how much money in total do I have. Please respond with numbers and the dollar sign only, no words.",,$1.35,open_qa What are signs my partner is cheating?,,"Turning off their shared location, changing the password on their phone, new interest in self care, unplanned business trips, spending lots of time on social media, pulling cash out of the Atm so their transactions are not traceable, turning phone off or not answering phone",brainstorming The only known monotremes in the animal kingdom are the echidna and which other creature?,,The platypus.,open_qa "I'm confused if I should join a data science bootcamp or do an online course. The following are some reasons. Can you segregate based on the choice I have to make? easier to drop out if you dont like it hands on learning group discussions option to do multiple courses access to mentors detailed deep dive into multiple topics lesser time investment networking opportunities financially feasible",,"In favour of data science bootcamp: detailed deep dive into multiple topics access to mentors networking opportunities hands on learning group discussions In favour of online course: financially feasible easier to drop out if you dont like it lesser time investment option to do multiple courses",classification Name a Jane Austen book.,,Pride and Prejudice.,open_qa "Based on this paragraph about the potential Kontinental Hockey League expansion, how many divisions and how many conferences would the proposed league have?",The proposed league would have consisted of two conferences split into four divisions. The current KHL would have made up one of the conferences. The other conference would have been composed of a Scandinavian division and a Central European division. The winners of the two conferences would have played each other for the overall championship.,The league would have two conferences and four divisions.,closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Slit drum, Lute",,"Lute is string, Slit drum is percussion.",classification What are the top 10 US ski vacation destinations?,,"The western United States is considered to have the best skiing destinations because of the size of its mountains and the quality of it snow conditions. Nevertheless, given its proximity to large urban populations, the resorts of the northeast United State also sees large numbers of visitors each winter. The list below includes top ski destinations from both regions. Vail, Colorado Tahoe, California (this area includes a number of large resorts like Palisades, Heavenly, Sugar Bowl, and Northstar) Taos, New Mexico Park City, Utah Stowe, Vermont Jackson Hole, Wyoming Killington, Vermont Sugarloaf, Maine Aspen, Colorado Sun Valley, Idaho",brainstorming I need some ideas for a first date.,,"1) Grab coffee and chat at a coffee shop. 2) Grab coffee and walk around. 3) Go out together for a meal. 4) Go to the local Farmer's Market. 5) Go bowling. 6) Take a cooking class. 7) Picnic together at a park. 8) Go to a local event. 9) Play a board game. 10) Play a sport together, like paddleboarding, tennis, pickleball, or throwing a Frisbee.",brainstorming Who was the last king of the Reach before Aegon's Conquest?,,"Mern IX Gardener was the last king of the Reach. When the last of the Gardener's lineage died, the house went extinct and the Reach was assigned to House Tyrell to rule.",open_qa What does Korla stand for?,"Korla, also known as Kurla or from Mandarin Chinese as Ku'erle or Kuerle, is the second largest city in Xinjiang. It is a county-level city and the seat of the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, the largest prefecture of China. Korla has existed since at least the Han Dynasty. Korla is known for its production of fragrant pears and is a production center for the Tarim oil fields.","Korla is the second largest city in Xinjiang, China. It is also known as Kurla or Kuerle. It is located in the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. It is known for fragrant pears and oil fields.",closed_qa Where does the name Busan (city in Korea) come from?,"The name ""Busan"" is the Revised Romanization of the city's Korean name since the late 15th century. It officially replaced the earlier McCune-Reischauer romanization Pusan in 2000. During the Japanese period it was spelled ""Fuzan"". The name 釜山 (now written 부산 using the Korean alphabet) is Sino-Korean for ""Cauldron Mountain"", believed to be a former name of Mt Hwangryeong (황령산, 荒嶺山, Hwangryeong-san) west of the city center. The area's ancient state Mt Geochil (거칠산국, 居柒山國, Geochilsan-guk, ""Rough-Mountain Land"") is similarly thought to refer to the same mountain, which towers over the town's harbor on the Suyeong. (The later Silla district of Geochilsan-gun was renamed Dongnae in 757.)","""Busan"" is the romanization of the city's Korean name - 부산. Previously, the name was romanized as ""Pusan"" until it was officially replaced in 2000. The meaning of the name in Sino-Korean is ""Cauldron Mountain"", believed to be the former name of a nearby mountain now known as Mt Hwangryeong (황령산).",summarization "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Maram, Phin",,"Phin is string, Maram is percussion.",classification Think up of a bunch of different dishes you could make with a pound of potatoes,,"Mashed potatoes, hashbrowns, french fries, baked potatoes, roasted potatoes, potato and leek soup, latkes",brainstorming Which of Dany's dragons dies first?,,Viserion died in season 7 of Game of Thrones,open_qa "If you have one of the following issues, should you consult a doctor, a lawyer, or a plumber: a leaky faucet, a persistent cough, a small claims court summons, a torn meniscus, a urinary tract infection, a broken toilet, a federal indictment, or a search warrant from the FBI.",,"If you have a leaky faucet or a broken toilet, you should call a plumber. If you have a persistent cough, a torn meniscus or a urinary tract infection, you should consult a physician. If you have received a small claims court summons or a federal indictment, or a search warrant from the FBI, you will probably want to lawyer up.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Pellet drum, Rajao",,"Rajao is string, Pellet drum is percussion",classification Let's think of a two different methods to learn how to skateboard,,"One way to learn how to skateboard is to purchase a skateboard, new or used, and practice riding it. Once you feel comfortable riding, you can begin practicing tricks. This would be considered a ""self-taught"" method of learning how to ride a skateboard. Another method would be ""instructional."" Instructional method of learning to skateboard would include formal training from an expert or someone proficient in skateboarding. This person or people would help accelerate your knowledge by giving you tips about how to execute riding a skateboard and doing tricks.",brainstorming Who are your 3 favorite Star Wars characters and why?,,"There are so many great Star Wars characters, but if I have to narrow it down to 3, I'd have to say Chewy, Rey, and Grogu. Chewy is a classic Star Wars character who has always been on the 'good' side (the Rebellion). His communication mode is so adorable, he is extremely loyal, and he wears his emotions on his (hairy) sleeve. While Princess Leia was an inspriational character, I think Rey is the most impressive of the two strong female protagonists. Rey is mentally and physically strong, passionate about her beliefs, and I hope she will continue to show up in Star Wars movies. Grogu is from the The Mandalorian series, on Disney Plus. Lots of people call him Baby Yoda because he looks like a tiny version of the famous and wise Yoda character. Grogu appeals to women because he makes baby-like sounds and has huge inquisitive eyes. His curiosity gets him into trouble, but he doesn't know any better yet. He has impressive super powers for such a tiny creature, and I hope that we will get to watch Grogu grow up as the series continues.",creative_writing What are four universities in the state of Florida?,,"Four universities in the state of Florida are the University of Florida, University of Tampa, University of South Florida, and Florida State University.",open_qa How to make an americano ?,,"The classical Americano needs a specific ratio between coffee and water: 2 parts of water and 1 part of expresso. Ideally, you can use coffee beans and grind them just before you brew. With a coffee machine: make one shot of expresso in a mug and fill it to the top with additional hot water at 60 degrees Celsius.",open_qa Extract the different types of enemies Aloy has to fight with and separate them with commas.,"Horizon Zero Dawn is an action role-playing game played from a third-person view. Players take control of Aloy, a hunter who ventures through a post-apocalyptic land ruled by robotic creatures. Aloy can kill enemies in a variety of ways – shooting them with arrows, setting traps such as tripwires using the Tripcaster, using explosives, and a spear. Machine components, including electricity and the metal they are composed of, are vital to Aloy's survival; she can loot their remains for crafting resources. Ammo, resource satchels, pouches, quivers, resistance, antidotes, health potions, and traps can all be crafted. Weapons have modification slots for dealing more damage. Aloy wears a Focus, a small head piece that scans machines to determine their susceptibilities, identify their location, their level, and the nature of loot they will drop. One machine, the Stalker, can enable cloaking technology to avert the gaze of Aloy's Focus scan. Machines attack with defensive and offensive measures, and in either case react to a perceived threat by charging at it with brute force or projectiles. Exhibiting the behaviour of wild animals, some machines are inclined to move in herds, and others, with the ability to fly, do so in flocks. Unless hacked with the Override Tool, or sufficiently hit with corruption arrows, machines do not exert aggressive force against each other. Aloy also engages in battle with human enemies, such as bandits and the Eclipse cult.","Machines, humans (like bandits and the Eclipse cult)",information_extraction Write an argument for keeping public lands under federal control in the Intermountain West.,,"Public lands make up a huge proportion of the region between the crest of the Sierra Nevada and the Continental Divide in the Rockies, also known as the Intermountain West, and most of these lands are owned by the Federal government. Many residents of this sparsely populated region resent the control of these lands by distant bureaucrats whose regulations place significant restrictions on how the land is used. For this reason, movements have been ongoing for many years to work for the transfer of those lands to local authorities. While this sense of disenfranchisement is understandable, the truth is that local residents would suffer more from the loss of centralized management of these lands than they would gain through local control. This region is mostly desert, a landscape and ecosystem that is unusually vulnerable to degradation. Without the concerted efforts of an administration that can apply consistent regulation and stewardship of these lands across a broad territory that crosses state boundaries, the value of these lands to local residents would decline even further, becoming less productive and less attractive to the hunters, fishermen, and other tourists whose spending represents the majority of income for many of these Intermountain communities.",creative_writing "Tell whether these things smell nice or unpleasant: garbage, lemons, sweat, oceans, rain",,"garbage: smells unpleasant, lemons: smells nice, sweat: smells unpleasant, oceans: smell nice, rain: smells nice",classification what is yellow long fruit?,,banana,classification What are the 9 locations of Dick's Drive In restaurants?,"Founders Dick Spady, H. Warren Ghormley, and Dr. B. O. A. Thomas opened the first Dick's on January 28, 1954, in Seattle's Wallingford neighborhood, on N.E. 45th Street. A grand opening was held on February 20, 1954. In 1955, a second Dick's was opened in Seattle's Capitol Hill district. This was followed by a third in 1960 in the Crown Hill neighborhood, a 4th in 1963 in Lake City, a fifth in Queen Anne in 1974. All but the Queen Anne location are without customer seating. The Queen Anne location has indoor tables and no drive-in. The simple menu has changed little over time. It features fast-food staples such as hamburgers, hand-cut french fries, and individually made milkshakes. Dick's is particularly well known for the ""Dick's Deluxe,"" which includes lettuce, mayonnaise, and chopped pickles. No substitutions are allowed and all burgers are cooked to well done. For most of Dick's history, the only available omissions were the Deluxe without cheese or fries without salt. More recent menu changes, however, allow ordering plain versions of the hamburger and cheeseburger. A black-and-white photograph of the Capitol Hill location of Dick's Drive-In, circa 1955. The Capitol Hill location in 1955 For several years Dick's has offered employee benefits such as a 50% matched 401(k), 100% employer-paid medical insurance, and a college tuition scholarship (currently at $28,000) accessible after six months of employment. In 2013, Dick's Drive-In was voted ""the most life-changing burger joint in America"" in an Esquire.com poll. In September 2010, it was announced that Dick's was planning on opening a new sixth location in the Seattle area and that an online poll on their website would determine the new location. After a few weeks of polling, the area north of Seattle won the right for a new Dick's Drive-In. On October 15, 2010, Dick's officials announced the new location to be in Edmonds on the corner of Hwy 99 and 220th St. On October 20, 2011, the 6th location in Edmonds opened to the public. The opening occurred multiple weeks ahead of schedule. In 2017, Dick's launched another poll to determine its seventh location, which would be located either on the Eastside or in South King County. Over 177,000 participants cast their votes, with the majority favoring the South region. Locations being considered included Kent, West Seattle, South Seattle, Renton, Burien, SeaTac, Tukwila, Auburn, Normandy Park, Des Moines and Federal Way. After an extensive amount of time, it was announced on September 7, 2017, that the 7th location to the chain would be located in Kent on Highway 99, 5 miles (8 km) south of Sea-Tac Airport. The location opened on December 12, 2018. In September 2020, Dick's announced that it would launch a food truck to serve five locations in Western Washington that were chosen through a public poll: Bellevue, Bellingham, Everett, Renton, and West Seattle. The restaurant also announced that it would be expanding to the Eastside once a suitable location is found. A collaboration with local chef Edouardo Jordan of Salare and JuneBaby was also announced with a three-day popup event at the Queen Anne location. In December 2021, Dick's opened an Eastside location at the Crossroads Shopping Center in Bellevue. Dick's then announced on April 28, 2022, that it would open a ninth location at The Commons shopping center in Federal Way in 2023.","The nine locations, once the final location is completed in 2023, are as follows: Wallingford, Seattle; Capitol Hill, Seattle; Crown Hill, Seattle; Queen Anne, Seattle; Edmonds; Kent; Bellevue; and Federal Way.",summarization Can birds sleep in the air?,,"The sooty tern only lands to breed and rear its young. It eats, sleeps, and drinks while flying and can stay airborne for ten years! An albatross also sleeps while it flies! It can doze while cruising at 25mph.",open_qa Name three Italian Football Teams in Serie A.,,"Three Italian Football Teams in Serie A are AC Milan, Inter Milan, and Juventus.",open_qa What is nihilism and why do some people believe it? List some ways that philosophers have proposed to fight against nihilism. Explain to me in a casual tone,,"Nihilism is a belief that life is ultimately meaningless. Sounds pretty depressing right? Well, there are a number of reasons why one might feel this way. Do you ever feel like you are just going through the motions each day? You wake up, go to work, get off work, sleep, and the cycle continues. You chased after a goal, such as graduating college or getting that next promotion, thinking it would solve all your problems, only to be disappointed after finally getting it. Then you look around the universe that you lives in and find how insignificant your individuality is in the grand schemes of things, you can't help but think to yourself: man, is there any point to life? Does what I do actually matter at all, especially if I'm going to die anyways? If you ever feel this way, know that you are not alone. Many, many philosophers throughout human history have pondered upon this very idea. I'll present a select few philosophers and their proposals to fight against nihilism. One obvious solution, per Danish philosophers Kierkegaard, is religion. He believes that faith should be our purpose in life, following Him and doing good in this life will reap rewards in the afterlife. Now, German philosopher Nietzsche does not agree with that at all; in fact his most famous quote was ""God is dead and we killed him"". He's talking about how with new advances in science comes the death of religion -- each man must now create his own values and become an ubermensch. The idea of ubermensch, however, kind of throws morality out of window — who is to say one’s value is wrong? Enter Albert Camus and his idea of absurdism. He compares human life to Sisyphus — rolling a giant rock uphill, only for the rock to fall back down after reaching the top — an absurd and meaningless struggle. He suggests that we accept the absurdity of this world and human existence, and instead embrace the present, because “The struggle itself towards the heights is enough to fill a man's heart. One must imagine Sisyphus happy”. And there you have it, what nihilism is all about, why it happens and a few ways to fight against it. Note that this is a very extensive topic and what I covered here is only the tip of the iceberg, I’d suggest reading up more if you're interested. Hope it helped!",open_qa What are some common sauces or toppings for tacos?,,"Common toppings and sauces for tacos include guacamole, salsa, queso, sour cream, shredded cheese, hot sauce, cilantro, lime juice, green onion, and jalapeno.",brainstorming What are the classical states of matter?,,"1. Solid: Matter in a solid state is comprised of particles that are held very closely together. Solids hold a definite shape. 2. Liquid: Matter is in a mostly non-compressible fluid state. Liquid matter conforms to the shape of its container. 3. Gas: Matter in a gaseous state is composed of compressible fluids. It may also take the shape of its container, but it will also expand to fill the container.",open_qa What are some fun things to do around Seattle on a warm Summer day?,,"Here are few things that someone might enjoy on a warm Summer day in Seattle: walking around Seattle center, taking a trip up to the top of the Space Needle to get a unique perspective of the city, taking a ferry ride to Bainbridge Island to walk around the small town and shop at the small unique shops, visit Green Lake park just north of the city and take a stroll around the picturesque scenery, or visit Pike place market and see the many items venders have for sale.",brainstorming What are some well known movies with Leonardo DiCaprio?,,"Well known movies with Leonard DiCaprio are Inception, Titanic, The Wolf of Wall Street, and Shutter Island",open_qa List the teams that have won IPL.,"The Indian Premier League (IPL) (also known as the TATA IPL for sponsorship reasons) is a men's Twenty20 (T20) cricket league held annually in India and contested by ten city-based franchise teams. The league was founded by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. Brijesh Patel is the incumbent chairman of the IPL. The competition is usually held annually in summer (between March and May) and has an exclusive window in the ICC Future Tours Programme, meaning that less international cricket take place during the IPL seasons. The IPL is the most popular cricket league in the world, and in 2014 it was ranked sixth by average attendance among all sports leagues.[needs update] In 2010, the IPL became the first sporting event in the world to be broadcast live on YouTube. The brand value of the IPL in 2022 was ₹90,038 crore (US$11 billion). According to BCCI, the 2015 IPL season contributed ₹1,150 crore (US$140 million) to the GDP of the Indian economy. In December 2022, the league became a decacorn valued at $10.9 billion registering a 75% growth in dollar terms since 2020 when it was valued at $6.2 billion, according to a report by consulting firm D & P Advisory. With five titles, Mumbai Indians are the most successful team in the league's history in terms of the number of titles won. The Chennai Super Kings have won four titles, the Kolkata Knight Riders have won two, and four other teams, Rajasthan Royals, Deccan Chargers, Sunrisers Hyderabad and Gujarat Titans have won the title once.","The teams that have won IPL are Mumbai Indians, Chennai Super Kings, Kolkata Knight Riders, Rajasthan Royals, Deccan Chargers, Sunrisers Hyderabad and Gujarat Titans.",information_extraction "From the passage provided, extract the population of Andhra Pradesh","Andhra Pradesh (English: /ˌɑːndrə prəˈdɛʃ/, Telugu: [ãːndʱrɐ prɐdeːʃ] (listen) abbr. AP) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state by area covering an area of 162,975 km2 (62,925 sq mi) and tenth-most-populous state, with 49,386,799 inhabitants. It is bordered by Telangana to the north-west, Chhattisgarh to the north, Odisha to the north-east, Tamil Nadu to the south, Karnataka to the west and the Bay of Bengal to the east. It has the second longest coastline in India after Gujarat, of about 974 km (605 mi). Andhra State was the first state to be formed on a linguistic basis in India on 1 October 1953. On 1 November 1956, Andhra State was merged with the Telugu-speaking areas (ten districts) of the Hyderabad State to form United Andhra Pradesh. In 2014, these merged areas of Hyderabad State were bifurcated from United Andhra Pradesh to form the new state Telangana. The present form of Andhra is similar to Andhra state, but some mandalas like Bhadrachalam are still included in Telangana. Amaravati serves as the capital of the state with the largest city being Visakhapatnam. Andhra Pradesh was once a major Buddhist pilgrimage site in the country and a Buddhist learning center which can be seen in many sites in the state in the form of monastery ruins, chaityas, and stupas. It is also known for being the land of Koh-i-Noor and other globally known diamonds from Kollur Mine. It is also a major producer of rice known as the ""Rice bowl of India"". Its official language is Telugu; one of the classical languages of India, the fourth most spoken language in India, and the 13th-most spoken language in the world. Andhra Pradesh's second official language is Urdu.","The population of Andhra Pradesh is 49,386,799",information_extraction How many slide positions are there on a trombone,,"There are 7 slide positions on a trombone, where each slide position is a half step apart from the next slide position. In combination with changes in air pressure to change the pitch of the note, a trombone player adjusts the slide position to produce various tones at various octaves.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about the tour de france, how many riders are in the tour","There are usually between 20 and 22 teams, with eight riders in each. All of the stages are timed to the finish; the riders' times are compounded with their previous stage times. The rider with the lowest cumulative finishing times is the leader of the race and wears the yellow jersey. While the general classification garners the most attention, there are other contests held within the Tour: the points classification for the sprinters, the mountains classification for the climbers, young rider classification for riders under the age of 26, and the team classification, based on the first three finishers from each team on each stage. Achieving a stage win also provides prestige, often accomplished by a team's sprint specialist or a rider taking part in a breakaway.",The are approximately between 160 and 176 riders start the tour de france. Each team has 8 member riders with between 20 and 22 teams participating.,closed_qa "List all the organisations mentioned in this paragraph on the history of the Java programming language, as a comma separated list.","Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers write once, run anywhere (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of the underlying computer architecture. The syntax of Java is similar to C and C++, but has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. The Java runtime provides dynamic capabilities (such as reflection and runtime code modification) that are typically not available in traditional compiled languages. As of 2019, Java was one of the most popular programming languages in use according to GitHub,[citation not found] particularly for client–server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers. Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems. It was released in May 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The original and reference implementation Java compilers, virtual machines, and class libraries were originally released by Sun under proprietary licenses. As of May 2007, in compliance with the specifications of the Java Community Process, Sun had relicensed most of its Java technologies under the GPL-2.0-only license. Oracle offers its own HotSpot Java Virtual Machine, however the official reference implementation is the OpenJDK JVM which is free open-source software and used by most developers and is the default JVM for almost all Linux distributions. As of March 2023, Java 20 is the latest version, while Java 17, 11 and 8 are the current long-term support (LTS) versions.","GitHub, Sun Microsystems, Oracle",information_extraction In golf what do the Americans call an albatross,,Double Eagle,open_qa What was the Long Night?,,"According to legends in Westeros, the Long Night was a darkness that fell over the known world and the Westeroi were subjected to not only a generation-long winter, but also the terror and destruction brought on by the Others. A similar telling comes from across the sea where the people of Essos experienced a winter that froze their waters and the Yi Ti described a generation where none saw the sun.",open_qa Should heritage trees in Palo Alto be protected once they become a danger to people and homes?,,"Strong winds driven, likely driven by climate change, are posing new challenges to tree protection ordinances in northern California cities like Palo Alto, California. Climate change has caused stronger winds to occur in SF Bay Area. These strong gusts, some of which can be over 60 mph, are causing large, historic trees to fall onto houses threatening costly real estate as well as peoples lives. In the city of Palo Alto, California Oaks and Redwoods are classified as heritage trees. These majestic trees grow throughout the city and for many years have been vigilantly protected. These trees are considered part of the city's unique character and history, therefore a part of its heritage. Heritage trees cannot be cut down without the permission of a special city governance body and getting this okay to do so is very hard if not impossible to do. The trees are beautiful and protecting them is noble, but in the new era of unprecedented high winds some residents are asking if their protection should be reconsidered given the risk they present to people and their homes during a storm. While storms are dramatic and do cause damage, they also occur infrequently and are a natural part of life. Heritage oak and redwood trees which take hundreds of years to grow do pose some risks to homes and people should they fall, but overall they pose an insignificant risk to humans and buildings and need to continue to be protected in order to continue to provide their many benefits to humans.",creative_writing what does it mean to have brunette hair?,,"A person with brunette hair, or a brunette, is a person with brown or black hair color. People typically fall into the category of blonde, brunette, and red hair. It is sometimes misconceived to be only brown hair but it signifies all darker hair including black hair color.",open_qa what does it mean to have brunette hair?,,"A person with brunette hair, or a brunette, is a person with brown or black hair color. People typically fall into the category of blonde, brunette, and red hair. It is sometimes misconceived to be only brown hair but it signifies all darker hair including black hair color.",open_qa "What NBA team has the most championships in the modern era? The modern era is defined as post NBA/ABA league merger, 24 second clock and three-point basket.",,"The NBA professional basketball team with the most modern championships are the Los Angeles Lakers with 11 in 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009, 2010, 2020.",open_qa "Identify from this list which are Crayola crayon colors: banana biscuits, razzle dazzle rose, whoopsie daisies, purple pizzazz, carnation pink, cotton candy, unmellow yellow, macaroni and cheese, coffee table blue, craisin, aquamarine, jazzberry jam, sea green",,"Razzle dazzle rose, purple pizzazz, carnation pink, cotton candy, unmellow yellow, macaroni and cheese, aquamarine, jazzberry jam, sea green",classification "Given the following summary of the book ""Human Compatible"" by Stuart Russell, what is the author's proposal to overcome the limitations of the standard approach for developing AI?","Russell begins by asserting that the standard model of AI research, in which the primary definition of success is getting better and better at achieving rigid human-specified goals, is dangerously misguided. Such goals may not actually reflect what human designers intend, such as by failing to take into account any human values not included in the goals. If an AI developed according to the standard model were to become superintelligent, it would likely not fully reflect human values and could be catastrophic to humanity. Russell asserts that precisely because the timeline for developing human-level or superintelligent AI is highly uncertain, safety research should be begun as soon as possible, as it is also highly uncertain how long it would take to complete such research. Russell argues that continuing progress in AI capability is inevitable because of economic pressures. Such pressures can already be seen in the development of existing AI technologies such as self-driving cars and personal assistant software. Moreover, human-level AI could be worth many trillions of dollars. Russell then examines the current debate surrounding AI risk. He offers refutations to a number of common arguments dismissing AI risk and attributes much of their persistence to tribalism—AI researchers may see AI risk concerns as an ""attack"" on their field. Russell reiterates that there are legitimate reasons to take AI risk concerns seriously and that economic pressures make continued innovation in AI inevitable. Russell then proposes an approach to developing provably beneficial machines that focuses on deference to humans. Unlike in the standard model of AI, where the objective is rigid and certain, this approach would have the AI's true objective remain uncertain, with the AI only approaching certainty about it as it gains more information about humans and the world. This uncertainty would, ideally, prevent catastrophic misunderstandings of human preferences and encourage cooperation and communication with humans. Russell concludes by calling for tighter governance of AI research and development as well as cultural introspection about the appropriate amount of autonomy to retain in an AI-dominated world.",Russell suggests that the AIs should be trained in a way that makes them gradually gain knowledge of what is truly beneficial to humans. AIs developed in this fashion would cooperate with humans while leaving them with a high enough level of autonomy.,closed_qa "Looking at cities in Australia that are on the east coast and the west coast of the country, which coast are the cities of Fremantle, Sydney, Brisbane, Perth, Cairns, Townsville, Newcastle located on?",,"Sydney, Brisbane, Cairns, Townsville and Newcastle are Australian cities located on the east coast of Australia. Fremantle and Perth are located on the west coast of the country.",classification "Tell me which of the following items are trees and which ones are weeds: aspen, ash, chickweed, crabgrass, oak, almond, dandelion",,"tree: aspen, ash, oak, almond weed: chickweed, crabgrass, dandelion",classification "Which of these sports involve a ball: swimming, baseball, javelin, hockey, cycling, high jump, tennis, , netball, basketball, and handball.",,"Hockey, tennis, baseball, basketball, netball, and handball involve a ball. High jump, javelin, swimming, and cycling do not involve a ball.",classification Should you buy new golf clubs when you are a beginner?,,"It is recommended that you get custom fitted for your golf clubs. However, there are many used golf clubs available to purchase and it can be a great option if you are just exploring the sport. You can also consider renting golf clubs from your local golf course if you are not ready for the expense of buying new or used golf clubs.",brainstorming "Classify the below substances based on their natural physical state (Solid or Gas). Methane, Gold, Silver, Platinum",,"Solid - old, Silver, Platinum Gas - Methane",classification "Extract a list of poems and the year they were published in the following form: {Poem name}: {Year published} And sort the list chronologically","Piombino's first published poems appeared in 1965 in American Weave Literary Journal. Throughout the 1970s, he continued to publish in small literary journals, such as The World, Dodgems, Telephone, and Roof. His first volume of poetry, titled simply Poems, was published by the Sun & Moon Press in 1988 and won an Author's Recognition Award from the Postgraduate Center for Mental Health in 1992.[citation needed] His second chapbook, Light Street, did not appear until 1996. It was followed by Theoretical Objects (1999), a collection of manifestos, aphorisms, essays, and seemingly autobiographical prose poems. Piombino's poetry took a different turn with Hegelian Honeymoon (2004), in which he moved away from the conventions of Language poetry to explore more traditional forms. Inspired by the poetry that accompanied an exhibition of Japanese calligraphy, the poems are a cross between haiku and aphorism. The poems were originally published on the SUNY/Buffalo poetics list-serve before being published in chapbook form by Chax Press.","Sure, here is a chronologically-sorted list of poems and the year they were published: Poems: 1988 Light Street: 1996 Theoretical Objects: 1999 Hegelian Honeymoon: 2004",information_extraction What is the difference between bourbon and whiskey?,,"While all bourbons are whiskeys, they have to be made with at least 51% corn to be classified as a bourbon.",open_qa What are the first six things I have to do in order to build a house?,,"1. Buy the Land 2. Determine where your utilities will come from, water, electricity, and sewage. Call the electric company to find out how far into the land they will pull electricity and where it will be pulled from 3. Have a perk test done for sewage if you have to install a septic tank 4. Have the house plans drawn up by an architect on the specific place you want to build on your land 5. Submit your drawings to a lender for a construction loan, unless you are paying cash 6. Apply for permits with the county, your builder will do this",brainstorming Approx. how many nurses were enrolled in World War 2?,,"More than 100,000 nurses were enrolled to the Red Cross during WW2",open_qa What is the difference between fruit and vegetables?,,"The distinction between fruit and vegetable is drawn from what part of the plant is eaten. Fruit are the flowering part of the plant and will usually have seeds. Vegetables, on the other hand, are usually another part of a plant such as the root, bulb, leaves or stem.",open_qa "Given these paragraphs, tell me what a recurrent neural network , and how it differs from a convolutional neural network.","A recurrent neural network (RNN) is a class of artificial neural networks where connections between nodes can create a cycle, allowing output from some nodes to affect subsequent input to the same nodes. This allows it to exhibit temporal dynamic behavior. Derived from feedforward neural networks, RNNs can use their internal state (memory) to process variable length sequences of inputs. This makes them applicable to tasks such as unsegmented, connected handwriting recognition or speech recognition. Recurrent neural networks are theoretically Turing complete and can run arbitrary programs to process arbitrary sequences of inputs. The term ""recurrent neural network"" is used to refer to the class of networks with an infinite impulse response, whereas ""convolutional neural network"" refers to the class of finite impulse response. Both classes of networks exhibit temporal dynamic behavior. A finite impulse recurrent network is a directed acyclic graph that can be unrolled and replaced with a strictly feedforward neural network, while an infinite impulse recurrent network is a directed cyclic graph that can not be unrolled. Both finite impulse and infinite impulse recurrent networks can have additional stored states, and the storage can be under direct control by the neural network. The storage can also be replaced by another network or graph if that incorporates time delays or has feedback loops. Such controlled states are referred to as gated state or gated memory, and are part of long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) and gated recurrent units. This is also called Feedback Neural Network (FNN).","A recurrent neural network is a class of artificial neural networks where connections between nodes can create a cycle, allowing output from some nodes to affect subsequent input to the same nodes.The term ""recurrent neural network"" is used to refer to the class of networks with an infinite impulse response, whereas ""convolutional neural network"" refers to the class of finite impulse response.",closed_qa "From the given text, Provide me step by step instructions on how to prepare tea.","Steeping, or brewing, is the process of making tea from leaves and hot water, generally using 2 grams (0.071 oz) of tea per 100 millilitres (3.5 imp fl oz; 3.4 US fl oz) of water (H2O) or about 1 teaspoon of green tea per 150 ml cup. Steeping temperatures range from 61 °C (142 °F) to 87 °C (189 °F) and steeping times from 30 seconds to three minutes.","1. To brew/steep tea, use 2gm tea leaves per 100ml of water and let it brew between 61 °C to 87 °C for 30 seconds to 3 minutes. 2. For green tea, use 1 teaspoon of green tea per 150 ml of water and let it brew between 61 °C to 87 °C for 30 seconds to 3 minutes.",summarization "Tell me which of the following are states in the United States of America: Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Toronto, Canada, England.",,"The following are all states in the United States of America: Washington, Oregon, California, and Idaho. Toronto, Canada, and England are not part of the United States of America.",classification "Tell me whether these are literary genres or titles of books: Non-fiction, 1984, Mystery, The lost girls of paris, Fiction, Narrative, The one and only Ruby, Mary Poppins, Science fiction.",,"Sure, literary genres include: Non-fiction, Mystery, Fiction, Narrative, and Science fiction. Titles of books from this list are: 1984, The Lost girls of Paris, The One and Only Ruby, Marry Poppins.",classification What is a crossbody bag,,"A crossbody bag is a purse or sport bag that straddles over one shoulder and crosses over the front and back of the torso, so the bag can hang by the hip.",open_qa Steps to prepare an omelette,,"Here is one of the ways to do it Step 1: Cut some onions, tomatoes and green chillies Step 2: Add Salt and pepper powder as per taste Step 3: Whisk it well Step 4: Heat the pan on a medium flame Step 5: Pour the mixture and close the lid Step 6: Flip it over once the bottom of the omelette is heated. Step 7: Serve it on a plate and relish it when it's hot.",creative_writing How do you build a roof?,,"Roofs are more complex than they look from the outside. Here are the basic steps to building a roof: 1. Build out the shape of the roof with a wood frame. This is the roof's skeleton. 2. Cover the frame with decking. Decking is the first layer of the roof. It's a thin piece of wood that all the other material will rest on. 3. Add an underlayment on top of the decking. This is a synthetic barrier that guards against water and fire, and helps the roof maintain its shape if the wood under it expands or contracts. 4. Add flashing around vertical elements on the roof. Flashing is a thin sheet of metal that prevents water from getting into gaps around vertical elements like chimneys and vents. 5. Apply shingles to the roof. Shingles are made of asphalt and they are the outermost layer of a roof. Shingles are the first line of defense in protecting your home, but they can also add color and design elements to your home.",open_qa Who are the tallest people in the world?,,"The Dutch are the tallest people in the world, with an average height between 175-176cm (depending on your source). The Dutch man drive this number up, with an average of 183 cm, the dutch ladies are only 171 cm on average. Why they are so tall is unknown. Some think it is a combination of genetics, universal healthcare, and dairy at that delicious Gouda cheese consumption - others think the local delicacies called ""bitterballen"" might have something to do with it.",open_qa What natural disaster transports Dorothy to Oz in the Wizard of Oz?,,A tornado sweeps up Dorothy and takes her to Oz,open_qa Write a haiku about a naughty cat.,,"Paws on the counter My glass crashes to the floor My cat is naughty",creative_writing How far is the village from Warsaw?,"Żabia Wola [ˈʐabja ˈvɔla] is a village in Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Żabia Wola. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Grodzisk Mazowiecki and 30 km (19 mi) south-west of Warsaw. The village has a population of 530.",The village lies approximately 30 km (19 mi) south-west of Warsaw.,information_extraction What was the Triceratops diet?,"Triceratops were herbivorous, and because of their low slung head, their primary food was probably low growing vegetation, although they may have been able to knock down taller plants with their horns, beak, and bulk. The jaws were tipped with a deep, narrow beak, believed to have been better at grasping and plucking than biting. Triceratops teeth were arranged in groups called batteries, of 36 to 40 tooth columns in each side of each jaw, with 3 to 5 stacked teeth per column, depending on the size of the animal. This gives a range of 432 to 800 teeth, of which only a fraction were in use at any given time (Tooth replacement was continuous throughout the life of the animal). They functioned by shearing in a vertical to near-vertical orientation. The great size and numerous teeth of Triceratops suggests that they ate large volumes of fibrous plant material, with some researchers suggesting palms and cycads, and others suggesting ferns, which then grew in prairies.","The triceratops were herbivores and are believed to have eaten plants such as palms, cycads and ferns.",information_extraction How many professions did John Dassow have,,"John Dassow, Jr. (August 10, 1845 – October 8, 1917) was an American farmer, manufacturer, and politician. Born in what is now Mecklenburg, Germany, Dassow emigrated with his parents, in 1861 to the United States and settled on a farm in the town of Sheboygan Falls, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin. In 1864 and 1865, Dassow served in the 30th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War. Dassow was a farmer and owned the Sheboygan County Mills. He was also involved with cheese factories and the real estate business. Dassow served on the Sheboygan County Board of Supervisors and was chairman of the county board. He was also treasurer of the local school board. In 1893, Dassow served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Democrat. In 1917, Dassow died at his house in the town of Sheboygan Falls from ill health.",open_qa "Given this reference test, what is the daily recommended value of magnesium for men in the U.S.?","In the UK, the recommended daily values for magnesium are 300 mg for men and 270 mg for women. In the U.S. the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are 400 mg for men ages 19–30 and 420 mg for older; for women 310 mg for ages 19–30 and 320 mg for older.",The daily recommended value of magnesium for men in the U.S. is 400 mg.,closed_qa Provide a bulleted summary of the history of how home-field advantage is determined for the World Series.,"Home-field advantage World Series The World Series used several different formats in its early years. Initially, it generally followed an alternating home-and-away pattern, except that if a seventh game was possible, its site was determined by coin toss prior to the sixth game. In 1924 the Series began using a 2-3-2 format, presumably to save on travel costs, a pattern that has continued to this day with the exception of a couple of the World War II years when wartime travel restrictions compelled a 3-4 format (used in 1943 and 1945, but not in the 1944 series, which was contested between crosstown rivals the St. Louis Browns and St. Louis Cardinals; all games were held in the same stadium in St. Louis). From the start of the 2-3-2 format through the 2002 season, home-field advantage generally alternated between leagues each year. Prior to the 1994 strike, the National League champion received home-field advantage in even-numbered years and the American League champion in odd-numbered years; these were reversed for 1995–2002 (because 1994 would have been the NL's turn to have home-field, but the World Series was canceled by the aforementioned strike). That changed starting in 2003. The 2002 All-Star Game ended in a tie, much to the displeasure of both fans and sportswriters, who complained about a lack of intensity and competitiveness on the part of the players. This hit especially close to home for Commissioner Bud Selig, as the game had been played in his home city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In response, to make the game's outcome more meaningful, in 2003, MLB began assigning home-field advantage in the World Series to the winner of that year's All-Star Game, which is typically held in mid-July. Following the acceptance of a new collective bargaining agreement after the 2016 season (which went into effect in 2017) home-field advantage in the World Series is no longer tied to the outcome of the All-Star Game, but instead is granted to the team with the better regular-season record. One exception was 2020, when all World Series games were played at a neutral site. The home-field advantage designation in the World Series was determined based on whichever pennant winner held the higher seed in its league, not necessarily the team with the better regular season record. However, in the event both pennant winners had held the same seeding number, only then regular season records would have determined the home team in Games 1, 2, 6, and 7.","Home field advantage for the World Series has been determined in the following ways throughout history: - 1924 - 2002: Home field advantage simply alternated between the American and National Leagues each year. - 2002 - 2016: Home field advantage was determined by the winner of the All-Star game. - 2016 - Present: Home field advantage is determined by the team with the best record playing in the World Series.",summarization "Tell me if these are brands or companies: Kleenex, Procter & Gamble, Cadillac, Doritos, Chase?",,"It can be difficult to know if something is a brand or a company. You asked about a few specific brands and companies. Here is what is a brand and what is a company from the list that you gave me: Kleenex is a brand. The Kleenex brand is owned by the company, Kimberly-Clark Procter & Gamble is a company. Procter & Gamble owns many brands. One famous brand of Procter & Gamble is Crest. Cadillac is a brand. The Cadillac brand is owned by General Motors. Doritos is a brand. Doritos is one of the brands of Frito-Lay, a wholly owned subsidiary of PepsiCo. Chase is a company. To be very specific, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., is a company doing business as Chase. I hope this list helps you!",classification When was world war 2?,,"World War 2 started in September 1939. France and Britain declared war on Germany. They did this after Hitler decided to invade Poland. World War 2 would last for 6 years, and no other war in history would take as many lives as World War 2 did. In December 1941 the United States would get involved in the second world war after Japan decided to bomb Pearl Harbor.",open_qa "Please tell me whether these are fish or fowl: salmon, chicken, tuna, swordfish, turkey, and halibut.",,"The fish are: salmon, tuna, swordfish, and halibut. The fowl (i.e., birds) are chicken and turkey.",classification What are some of the top risks around LLMs?,,"1. Hallucinations: LLMs sometimes make up facts and responses which are false. 2. Toxicity and bias: LLMs reflect the data they were trained on, so they may generate responses with toxic or biased content. 3. Job losses: More generally, many people worry that LLMs and AI will displace humans in some jobs, though similar historical breakthroughs indicate that jobs will likely change but not be lost overall. 4. Malicious AI: As LLMs and AI approach Artifical General Intelligence (AGI), some people fear that an AGI may become a threat to some or all humans. 5. Environmental impact: LLMs and big AI models require lots of energy to train, and therefore have big carbon footprints.",brainstorming List all the years mentioned in the following passage,"During the Middle Ages, the Gran Tavola (Italian for ""Great Table"") was the largest Sienese bank; it was one of the most powerful banks in Europe from 1255 to 1298. The Gran Tavola has been called ""the greatest bank of the thirteenth century"" as well as ""one of the largest commercial and banking enterprises in Europe"". The main branches of the Gran Tavola during the mid-thirteenth century were in Pisa, Bologna, Genoa, Marseille, and Paris.","1255, 1298",information_extraction What is Inflation?,,Inflation is the rate of increase in the prices of goods and services over a specified period of time. A high inflation value would represent greater increase in the prices of goods and commodities leading to lower value of the currency over-time.,open_qa Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name},"The Wildfoods festival was started in 1990 by Hokitika local Claire Bryant, a producer of gorse-flower and rose-petal wine, who wanted to celebrate the flavours and produce of the West Coast. The first festival in March 1990 coincided with Hokitika's 125th anniversary and was run by Heritage Hokitika. It took place in a newly-developed heritage area on Gibson Quay in downtown Hokitika. The first Wildfoods had 30 stalls, and attracted 1800 people. Alison Holst was the celebrity judge.","• Claire Bryant • Alison Holst",information_extraction Which is a species of fish? Nurse or Nurse shark,,Nurse shark,classification Give me a bulleted list of the fastest way to get from to cross the English Channel in a nonconventional way?,,"First, you need to pick the shortest distance to travel across the English Channel. The Straight of Dover is the narrowest point at only 20 miles wide. This will give you the best chance to complete your crossing quickly. Outside of conventional means of transport such as car, train, airplane and boats, you could try the following options: Hot air balloon Catapult Jetpack Hovercraft Submarine Swimming",brainstorming "Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: Aston Martin, Cadillac",,"Aston Martin is British, Cadillac is American",classification What is the oldest manufacturer of cymbals?,,"Turkish company, Zildjian, was founded in 1623 in then-Ottoman Empire. It is best known for its cymbals.",open_qa Give me a list of fruit that are yellow color,,"Lemon, banana, mango, pineapple, yellow dragonfruit, yellow watermelon, golden kiwi",brainstorming What are the measurements needed to fit pants?,,"The main three measurements for pants are the waist, the length, and the inseam. There any many other measurements associated with pant fittings, including hip circumference, thigh circumference, knee circumference, and calf circumference.",brainstorming What is a Gross domestic product (GDP)?,,"Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold in a specific time period by a country or countries, generally ""without double counting the intermediate goods and services used up to produce them"". GDP is most often used by the government of a single country to measure its economic health. Due to its complex and subjective nature, this measure is often revised before being considered a reliable indicator. GDP (nominal) per capita does not, however, reflect differences in the cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries; therefore, using a basis of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) may be more useful when comparing living standards between nations, while nominal GDP is more useful comparing national economies on the international market. Total GDP can also be broken down into the contribution of each industry or sector of the economy. The ratio of GDP to the total population of the region is the per capita GDP (also called the Mean Standard of Living).",open_qa Can you write me a haiku to boost my spirits today?,,"Sunlight streaming through, Lightning in the sky, My spirits lift.",creative_writing "From the text, how long after the events of Return of the Jedi is the Mandalorian series set? Convert years into months, and use letters to spell out the answer.","The Mandalorian is an American space Western television series created by Jon Favreau for the streaming service Disney+. It is the first live-action series in the Star Wars franchise, beginning five years after the events of Return of the Jedi (1983), and stars Pedro Pascal as the title character, a lone bounty hunter who goes on the run to protect the Force-sensitive child Grogu. Starting in the third season, Katee Sackhoff also stars as Mandalorian Bo-Katan Kryze, following her appearance in the second season.",sixty,information_extraction who was the winner of the race?,"The race was held over the ""international distance"" and consisted of 1,500 metres (0.93 mi) swimming, 40 kilometres (25 mi), road bicycling, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) road running. The winner Reinaldo Colucci of Brazil qualifies to compete in the triathlon competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Great Britain.",The winner was Reinaldo Colucci from Brazil.,information_extraction "What are 5 things to do when visiting Oahu, Hawaii?",,"There are lots of things to do when visiting the Island of Oahu, Hawaii. Here are 5 common activities: 1. Go snorkeling and experience some of Hawaii’s amazing marine life at Hanauma Bay. 2. Walk the streets of downtown Honolulu and enjoy Hawaiian shave ice. 3. Take a trip to the Dole plantation to learn more about pineapples and try some of the famous Dole Soft Serve. 4. Visit the Polynesian Cultural Center to learn about Polynesian culture and the Pacific Islands. 5. Take a hike at Diamond Head Summit Trail for a panoramic view of Honolulu and the surrounding coastline.",brainstorming "Given this paragraph about the history of triathlon, what is the earliest known triathlon event.","The evolution of triathlon as a distinct sport is difficult to trace with precision. Many, including triathlon historian and author Scott Tinley, consider events in early twentieth century France to be the beginnings of triathlon, with many three element multisport events of differing composition appearing, all called by different names. The earliest record for an event was from 1901 in Joinville-le-Pont, Val-de-Marne: it called itself ""Les Trois Sports"" (The Three Sports). It was advertised as an event for ""the sportsmen of the time"" and consisted of a run, a bicycle and a canoe segment. By 19 June 1921, the event in Joinville-le-Pont had become more like a standard triathlon, with the canoe segment being replaced with a swim. According to the newspaper L’Auto, the race consisted of a 3 km (1.9 mi) run, a 12 km (7.5 mi) bike ride and the crossing of the river Marne, all staged consecutively and without a break. Throughout the 1920s other bike, run, and swim events appeared in different cities, such as the “Course des Trois Sports” in Marseille and ""La Course des Débrouillards"" in Poissy. These multisport events would continue to slowly spread and grow in popularity: by 1934 ""Les Trois Sports"" was being hosted in the city of La Rochelle, though it consisted of three distinct events, swimming a 200 m (660 ft) channel crossing, a 10 km (6 mi) bike competition around the harbour of La Rochelle and the parc Laleu, and a 1.2 km (0.75 mi) run in the stadium André-Barbeau. Throughout this growth with new events appearing no unified rules ever existed and as a whole triathlon would remain a minority event on the world stage","Triathlon events have evolved of the years, and its origins are not fully known. Triathlon historians have evidenced multisports events dating back to 1901. In this era ""Les Trois Sports"" did not include the swim as it does in modern day triathlon, but instead included a canoe discipline. As the name suggest, triathlon appears to have first surfaced in the history books in france in the suburbs of paris known as Joinville-le-pont, Val-de-marne.",closed_qa "Imagine you are the last person alive. You're an astronaut and alone and in space aboard the ISS. Write down your feelings and what happened to get there, with a detailed backstory.",,"Finally, it happened. I never imagined the day would come, a final drop in a bucket for all mankind. I owe it to myself... no, I owe it to at least someone, to someone who can remember the human legacy, if there even is one in the future, to write down what happened, to give at least some semblance to the horrors unfolding below me. I was always a starry-eyed child, looking at the heavens above and wondering, what's up there? And my dreams came true, first the flight school, then a military pilot, but everything made sense after my former instructor at the academy offered me a spot in the NASA Astronaut program. I couldn't believe it. I'm going to space? Really? A few hard years later I was a regular member of a mission flying back and forth between Earth and ISS. Sitting down on top of a rocket strapped down inside of a tiny capsule is not fun, I can tell you that, but the rush of adrenaline when you're stuck to your seat flying through the atmosphere never gets old. But this time, the feeling was - different. I arrived at the ISS on schedule and relieved my colleague Max. She was happy to see me, after all, 6 months spinning around the globe alone would do that to you. She was a dear friend of mine, but we didn't have much time for catchup and pleasantries. She was scheduled to go back on the same day, and left soon after - with a long goodbye. I always dreamed of a better world, where humans would work together for the betterment of mankind. I loved Star Trek as a child, a place where differences didn't matter and everyone was working for benefit of everyone. But we built a different world. A world of greed, a world of selfishness, a world where having more than others meant being better than another. We never really chose our leaders, or if we did, the fault is ours. A few years after the second pandemic, tensions rose. Rich were getting richer, the poor were getting poorer, and nothing was ever enough. And some people craved power. They wanted more. More land, more resources, more money. They launched their missiles first. At least it seemed that way from the media that was still running at the time. Didn't matter though, our defenses were inadequate. Watching through my tiny window I could see the planet burning. We, of course, fired back. I could see flash after flash hitting the ground. Cities burning. Billions dying. But in the end, it didn't matter. We all lost. Slowly, a massive cloud started covering the planet. It started from the places that were hit, but over weeks it spread throughout the globe. Once a beautiful pale blue dot is now nothing more that a grey patch in the sky. I could still hear some amateur radio stations from remote regions, trying to communicate and let someone know they are alive, but those were few and far between. Months later, they all died out. And now, I'm here, in the slowly decaying orbit of the International Space Station, alone, waiting for the replacement that will never come, thinking maybe Max was the lucky one.",creative_writing How many volumes of Wheel of Time are there?,"The Wheel of Time is a series of high fantasy novels by American author Robert Jordan, with Brandon Sanderson as a co-author for the final three novels. Originally planned as a six-book series at its debut in 1990, The Wheel of Time came to span 14 volumes, in addition to a prequel novel and two companion books. Jordan died in 2007 while working on what was planned to be the final volume in the series. He prepared extensive notes which enabled fellow fantasy author Brandon Sanderson to complete the final book, which grew into three volumes: The Gathering Storm (2009), Towers of Midnight (2010), and A Memory of Light (2013).","Originally planned as a six-book series at its debut in 1990, The Wheel of Time came to span 14 volumes",closed_qa What is The Hobbit?,"The Hobbit, or There and Back Again is a children's fantasy novel by English author J. R. R. Tolkien. It was published in 1937 to wide critical acclaim, being nominated for the Carnegie Medal and awarded a prize from the New York Herald Tribune for best juvenile fiction. The book is recognized as a classic in children's literature, and is one of the best-selling books of all time with over 100 million copies sold.","The Hobbit, or There and Back Again is a children's fantasy novel by English author J. R. R. Tolkien. It was published in 1937 to wide critical acclaim, being nominated for the Carnegie Medal and awarded a prize from the New York Herald Tribune for best juvenile fiction. The book is recognized as a classic in children's literature, and is one of the best-selling books of all time with over 100 million copies sold. The Hobbit is set in Middle-earth and follows home-loving Bilbo Baggins, the titular hobbit, who joins the wizard Gandalf and thirteen dwarves that make up Thorin Oakenshield's Company, on a quest to reclaim the dwarves' home and treasure from the dragon Smaug. Bilbo's journey takes him from his peaceful rural surroundings into more sinister territory. The story is told in the form of an episodic quest, and most chapters introduce a specific creature or type of creature of Tolkien's geography. Bilbo gains a new level of maturity, competence, and wisdom by accepting the disreputable, romantic, fey, and adventurous sides of his nature and applying his wits and common sense. The story reaches its climax in the Battle of Five Armies, where many of the characters and creatures from earlier chapters re-emerge to engage in conflict. Personal growth and forms of heroism are central themes of the story, along with motifs of warfare. These themes have led critics to view Tolkien's own experiences during World War I as instrumental in shaping the story. The author's scholarly knowledge of Germanic philology and interest in mythology and fairy tales are often noted as influences. The publisher was encouraged by the book's critical and financial success and, therefore, requested a sequel. As Tolkien's work progressed on its successor, The Lord of the Rings, he made retrospective accommodations for it in The Hobbit. These few but significant changes were integrated into the second edition. Further editions followed with minor emendations, including those reflecting Tolkien's changing concept of the world into which Bilbo stumbled. The work has never been out of print. Its ongoing legacy encompasses many adaptations for stage, screen, radio, board games, and video games. Several of these adaptations have received critical recognition on their own merits.",information_extraction What are books are available to get an understanding of California prior to the gold-rush of 1849?,,"A great resource for pre-Gold Rush California is the book ""Two Years Before the Mast"" by Richard Henry Dana who stepped away from Harvard Law School and signed up for a tour on the merchant vessel out of Boston in 1834. The book describes the voyage around the treacherous Cape Horn under the leadership of a hard and driving captain who shows little remorse or regard for his crew as the ship is battered below the cape by the confluence of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Awareness of Ahab of Melville's Moby Dick cannot help but inform your mental picture of this captain. The ship makes its way up the coast, passing the newly independent countries of South and central America, to the northern part of Mexico, an area called Alta California. Traveling along the coast, the ship trades with the Spanish and indigenous peoples in tiny settlements and missions named San Diego, San Pedro, San Juan, Nuestra Señora La Reina de los Angeles de Porciuncula, Santa Barbara, Monterey and north to San Francisco Bay. Dana's detailed descriptions of the natural harborages and the tiny settlements and missions are richly described and contrast sharply with the California we see today. One is left with the singular impression of the remoteness of California to those traveling from east cost of North America or Europe. The crew was trading in hides and tallow, incredible to those reading from contemporary times, who consider the distance of the journey and the archaicness of the cargo. The trading goods seem altogether more ancient when considering the change the entire area would undergo in 1848 at Sutter's Mill.",creative_writing What is the last step before a star collapses into a black hole?,,"Stars that have a higher mass than about 2.2 solar masses (the mass of our Sun) will typically collapse into black holes at the end of their life cycle when fusion has stopped and no longer pushes out against the inward pull of gravity. For stars of this mass, their inward pull of gravity is too strong to be resisted by other forces, thus their fate is to become black holes. However, stars under this limit and above the Chandrasekhar limit of 1.4 solar masses will end their lifecycles as neutron stars. Neutron stars are also the remnants of dead stars but since they have a smaller mass, their gravity is not enough for them to cross into becoming black holes. As the dead star compresses and becomes more and more dense, regular matter is turned into neutrons and the last force to resist the pull of gravity is called degenerate neutron pressure, which is a quantum effect that dictates that no two neutrons may be in the same quantum state. This creates an outward pressure that resists the pull of gravity and settles the star into a neutron star. If more mass is added later, from a star companion or other sources, once the star's mass crosses the limit of around 2.2 solar masses even degenerate neutron pressure isn't enough to balance gravity and the star will collapse into a black hole.",open_qa "Tell me whether these are Mandalorians or Jedi: Yoda, Luke Skywalker, Bobba Fett, Din Djarin",,"Yoda: Jedi, Luke Skywalker: Jedi, Bobba Fett: Mandalorian, Din Djarin: Mandalorian",classification Based on the following passage what is the more dominant force in the universe?,"The concept of the electric field was introduced by Michael Faraday. An electric field is created by a charged body in the space that surrounds it, and results in a force exerted on any other charges placed within the field. The electric field acts between two charges in a similar manner to the way that the gravitational field acts between two masses, and like it, extends towards infinity and shows an inverse square relationship with distance. However, there is an important difference. Gravity always acts in attraction, drawing two masses together, while the electric field can result in either attraction or repulsion. Since large bodies such as planets generally carry no net charge, the electric field at a distance is usually zero. Thus gravity is the dominant force at distance in the universe, despite being much weaker. An electric field generally varies in space and its strength at any one point is defined as the force (per unit charge) that would be felt by a stationary, negligible charge if placed at that point. The conceptual charge, termed a 'test charge', must be vanishingly small to prevent its own electric field disturbing the main field and must also be stationary to prevent the effect of magnetic fields. As the electric field is defined in terms of force, and force is a vector, having both magnitude and direction, so it follows that an electric field is a vector field. The study of electric fields created by stationary charges is called electrostatics. The field may be visualised by a set of imaginary lines whose direction at any point is the same as that of the field. This concept was introduced by Faraday, whose term 'lines of force' still sometimes sees use. The field lines are the paths that a point positive charge would seek to make as it was forced to move within the field; they are however an imaginary concept with no physical existence, and the field permeates all the intervening space between the lines. Field lines emanating from stationary charges have several key properties: first, that they originate at positive charges and terminate at negative charges; second, that they must enter any good conductor at right angles, and third, that they may never cross nor close in on themselves.","Gravity is the dominant force at distance in the universe, despite being much weaker.",information_extraction When was Belgium founded?,,4th of October 1830,open_qa How to make a cup of yummy chai?,,"Boil a cup of water, add a slice of ginger and some mint leaves. After a few minutes, add a table spoon of tea leaves and then finally add milk and sugar per taste. Boil for two minutes. Finally, filter the chai using a strainer. Voila!",brainstorming Summarise Bernoulli's principle based on the following paragraphs.,"Bernoulli's principle is a key concept in fluid dynamics that relates pressure, speed and height. Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.  The principle is named after the Swiss mathematician and physicist Daniel Bernoulli, who published it in his book Hydrodynamica in 1738.Although Bernoulli deduced that pressure decreases when the flow speed increases, it was Leonhard Euler in 1752 who derived Bernoulli's equation in its usual form. The principle is only applicable for isentropic flows: when the effects of irreversible processes (like turbulence) and non-adiabatic processes (e.g. thermal radiation) are small and can be neglected. Bernoulli's principle can be derived from the principle of conservation of energy. This states that, in a steady flow, the sum of all forms of energy in a fluid is the same at all points that are free of viscous forces. This requires that the sum of kinetic energy, potential energy and internal energy remains constant. Thus an increase in the speed of the fluid—implying an increase in its kinetic energy (dynamic pressure)—occurs with a simultaneous decrease in (the sum of) its potential energy (including the static pressure) and internal energy. If the fluid is flowing out of a reservoir, the sum of all forms of energy is the same because in a reservoir the energy per unit volume (the sum of pressure and gravitational potential ρ g h) is the same everywhere. Bernoulli's principle can also be derived directly from Isaac Newton's second Law of Motion. If a small volume of fluid is flowing horizontally from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure, then there is more pressure behind than in front. This gives a net force on the volume, accelerating it along the streamline. Fluid particles are subject only to pressure and their own weight. If a fluid is flowing horizontally and along a section of a streamline, where the speed increases it can only be because the fluid on that section has moved from a region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure; and if its speed decreases, it can only be because it has moved from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. Consequently, within a fluid flowing horizontally, the highest speed occurs where the pressure is lowest, and the lowest speed occurs where the pressure is highest.","Bernoulli's principle is a key concept in fluid dynamics that relates pressure, speed and height. Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.",summarization "Could you please help classify these cars as ""compact"" vs. ""midsized""? Toyota Camry, Nissan Altima, Honda Civic, Mazda3, Honda Accord, Toyota Corolla, Toyota Prius, Hyundai Sonata",,"Yes, here is the list: - Compact Cars: Honda Civic, Mazda3, Toyota Corolla, and Toyota Prius - Midsized Cars: Toyota Camry, Nissan Altima, Honda Accord, Hyundai Sonata",classification Name a list of animals that you would expect to find on a farm.,,"Domesticated farm animals may include cows, pigs, sheep, chicken, turkey and ducks.",brainstorming "Based on this paragraph, what might be some appealing things about Bloomington?","Bloomington is a city in and the county seat of Monroe County, Indiana, United States. It is the seventh-largest city in Indiana and the fourth-largest outside the Indianapolis metropolitan area. According to the Monroe County History Center, Bloomington is known as the ""Gateway to Scenic Southern Indiana"". The city was established in 1818 by a group of settlers from Kentucky, Tennessee, the Carolinas, and Virginia who were so impressed with ""a haven of blooms"" that they called it Bloomington.","Bloomington appears to be a scenic place with natural beauty such as fields of flowers. As the fourth largest city in Indiana outside of Indianapolis, it may be a small and quiet town which may be appealing to those looking for a laid back place to spend time.",information_extraction "Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: Lotus, Lincoln",,"Lotus is British, Lincoln is American",classification "classify each of these as either computer software or hardware: RAM, SSD, keyboard, mouse, trackpad, python, R, Scala, Google, Gmail, Figma, camera, screen",,"Computer software: python, R, Scala, Google, Gmail, Figma Computer hardware: RAM, SSD, keyboard, mouse, trackpad, camera, screen",classification What are the key components of Hadoop?,,"There are three key components of Hadoop: - Hadoop HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) - the storage unit. - Hadoop MapReduce - the processing unit. - Hadoop YARN (Yet Another Resource Negotiator) - the resource management unit.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Igil, Koudi",,"Koudi is woodwind, Igil is string.",classification "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Iguanodon, Irrawaddy Dolphin",,"Irrawaddy Dolphin is alive, Iguanodon is extinct.",classification What are some common bases for tacos?,,"Tacos are typically built on top of a soft wheat tortilla, soft corn tortilla, hard taco shell, lettuce, or a baked taco shell.",brainstorming What are some popular social media applications?,,"Popular social media applications are Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Twitter, Reddit, and Youtube",open_qa Give me 5 major attractions to see in Berlin,,"1. Brandenburg Gate. This is a must visit location in Berlin and often times referred as Berlin's signature attraction. 2. Berlin Television Tower. This TV tower or Fernsehturm as called in German, is the something that is hard of ignore even from farthest of the distances. 3. Reichtag. It is Federal Govenment buiding of Germany. This building has been modernised and special attraction is its glass dome to capture a great glance of the city. 4. Kurfürstendamm. It is Berlin's most famous shopping street. 5. Checkpoint Charlie. Just something that attracts every tourist due to its historical significance.",brainstorming What is the legality of owning an alligator as a pet in the United States?,,"26 states outright forbid owning an alligator as a pet. 12 states allow ownership with proper permitting. 11 states allow ownership with no need for a permit; of those 11 states, 5 do not have any permit requirements to own any exotic animal. While Wyoming prohibits certain game animals from being owned as pets, the state does not include nor exclude alligators in specific listings, so presumably, one can own a pet alligator unpermitted in Wyoming.",open_qa What is the male population in Madaria?,The village has a population of 1473 of which 728 are males while 745 are females as per Population Census 2011. The number of children with age 0-6 is 174 which makes up 11.81% of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Madaria village is 1023 which is higher than Uttar Pradesh state average of 912.,The male population in Madaria is 728.,closed_qa Describe a trip through the United States for a 14 day vacation in a rental car,,"The about 14 days trip through the United States starts at Las Vegas. You can easily get a direct flight from Europe to Las Vegas in the States. That makes an easy start for your trip. As you start in Las Vegas take some time to adjust and adapt to the scenery. There are a lot of things to do and see in Las Vegas itself. For example, take a walk along the strip to see all the hotels and casinos, even get inside of one - the Caesars Palace or the Venetian are very interesting. Also there are a lot of show offerings such as Cirque du Soleil or parties in the evening, if you want to have good seats it's best to book your tickets in advance before you start your trip. As you strolled through the city of Las Vegas for two days, on the third day it's time to pick up your rental car. With your rental car begins your road trip through the wide streets of the United states. The first goal for your trip will be Zion Nationalpark in Utah, about a 3 hours drive from Las Vegas. In this national park you have the chance to hike and wander around beautiful nature. One of the most impressive hikes is called Angels Landing. At the highest point of this hike you have a beautiful overview of the whole national park. But be aware that it is necessary to book your ticket for this trail way in advance or if you want to do it on short notice you have to have luck in the lottery. Otherwise you are not allowed to hike this trail. That restriction is necessary because too many people hiked the trail and it became dangerous, so numbers of hikers had to be limited a day. If you spend two day exploring the landscape of Zion Nationalpark it's time to move on to the next location, which is Bryce Canyon National Park also in Utah. It takes around two to 3 hours to drive there from Zion. The area right before the Nationalpark is small with some restaurants, hotels, motels or campgrounds. The Canyon itself is huge and will give you a lot of opportunity to explore. In the wintertime it can be very cold and snowy, therefore bring warm clothes. In the two days you spend there you can visit beautiful overviews on the edge of the canyon and also hike down and explore the deeper canyon. One of the highlights is the amphitheater or Thors' hammer. It is also recommended to watch the sun rise over Bryce Canyon because it's more spectacular from the colors than the sunset in the evening. From Bryce Canyon Nationalpark the road trip continues to the city of Page in Arizona from where you can visit the Antelope Canyon. Take at least one full day there to discover either the upper or the lower Antelope Canyon. But be aware, you have to book tickets in advance! If you don't get a ticket for them there is also Antelope Canyon X, which is a real alternative to visit and maybe even less crowded then the other ones. From this point of the tour you then drive to Grand Canyon National Park, which will take about 3 hours at least. This is probably the highlight of the National Parks in this area of the United States. Recommended is to stay at least for two days, even better if you have more time. You should take one trail down the canyon if you are in the physical state to do this. One most common way down is the south Kalib trail which has a beautiful viewpoint called Ooh Aah Point. If you want to watch the sunset in the evening the desert view watchpoint is a great way to do so. Also take some time to stroll around at Grand Canyon Village, there are some nice souvenir shops and more. From Grand Canyon National Park the road trip then moves on to the last target location, which is Los Angeles in California. It's a longer drive there and takes around 8 hours to drive there. But once you arrive there you will have some nice, relaxing days before your flight back home to Frankfurt. You can spend one day visiting Santa Monica, the beach and the Pier there. It's nice to rent a bicycle out there and ride along the beach side through Venice Beach up to Hermosa beach or even further if you like. Another activity could be to visit Dolby Theatre and the Walk of Fame in Hollywood, there are a lot of shops out there or you can just stroll along. But one thing to be aware of when visiting Los Angeles with a car is that there is always traffic and you can be stuck in traffic many times. As Los Angeles is the last stop on the proposed US-trip on your last day it is time to bring back your rental car right before you fly back, just bring it to the rental car stores at the LAX airport. From this airport you will board your flight back to Europe or somewhere else.",creative_writing Tell me an uplifting story about a recently departed dear friend and how she continues to inspire and guide me. Use references from Star Wars to drive the point home.,,"One year ago, Kate departed for the Next Place. It struck me this morning that--while I miss her like gangbusters--she is actually still “with” me, and now, more than ever. She's sitting right there on a sunny day; She's giggling at me when I'm ridiculous (and I know if the same thing happened to her, she’d be self-deprecating about it and just keep going, so I keep going too!); Her advice lulls me to sleep when I’m contemplating difficult child-rearing problems; And there she is, whispering in my ear during work meetings, when I need to make tough decisions. She reminds me every day that I can do this. ALL of this. Kate has become a Jedi/Force Ghost...and she is more powerful now than ever.",creative_writing Explain the difference of position against the Western Bloc among the Soviet leaders cited in the text.,"From 1957 through 1961, Khrushchev openly and repeatedly threatened the West with nuclear annihilation. He claimed that Soviet missile capabilities were far superior to those of the United States, capable of wiping out any American or European city. According to John Lewis Gaddis, Khrushchev rejected Stalin's ""belief in the inevitability of war,"" however. The new leader declared his ultimate goal was ""peaceful coexistence"". In Khrushchev's formulation, peace would allow capitalism to collapse on its own, as well as giving the Soviets time to boost their military capabilities, which remained for decades until Gorbachev's later ""new thinking"" envisioning peaceful coexistence as an end in itself rather than a form of class struggle.","Stalin believed that war against the Western Bloc was inevitable. Krushchev instead believed the two blocs could avoid war because the war was not necessary to establish the Eastern Bloc's superiority; the Western Bloc would fail systemically. On the other hand, Gorbachev truly believed in peaceful coexistence between the two blocs.",summarization Who is the winningest college women's basketball coach?,,"Geno Auriemma has the most wins in NCAA women's basketball history for a head coach. He has 1180 career wins, all with the University of Connecticut.",open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Indian Elephant, Irish Elk",,"Irish Elk is extinct, Indian Elephant is alive.",classification "Which female Canadian director has directed episodes of Better Call Saul, The X-Files, and Game of Thrones?",,Michelle MacLaren,open_qa Extract all the names of people that Betty worked with from the text.,"Betty Branch earned her Bachelor of Arts in Studio Art (1979) and Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (1987) from Hollins University and completed additional studies with artists Denis Knight and Georgiana Mailoff, and at Miles and Generalis Sculptural Services. She lives and works in Roanoke, Virginia. Her first retrospective exhibition, Betty Branch: Through the Crow's Eye, a Retrospective, presented the artist's work in bronze, marble, porcelain, works on paper, and performance pieces.","Denis Knight, Georgiana Mailoff",information_extraction What is Bart Simpson's graffiti tag?,,El Barto,open_qa What are some plants you can put in your outdoor garden to keep the bugs away?,,"Some plants known to be bug deterrents are as follows: thyme, lavender, allium, petunia, basil, marigold, lemongrass, chrysanthemum, and mosquito plant.",brainstorming From the text below extract the types of species and the percentage of its habitat in the form {Species}:{Percentage} and place them as a bullet list,"India is a megadiverse country, a term employed for 17 countries which display high biological diversity and contain many species exclusively indigenous, or endemic, to them. India is a habitat for 8.6% of all mammal species, 13.7% of bird species, 7.9% of reptile species, 6% of amphibian species, 12.2% of fish species, and 6.0% of all flowering plant species. Fully a third of Indian plant species are endemic. India also contains four of the world's 34 biodiversity hotspots, or regions that display significant habitat loss in the presence of high endemism.","Here are the types of species and their percentages stated in the given text: Mammal species : 8.6% Bird species : 13.7% Reptile species : 7.9% Amphibian species : 6% Fish species : 12.2% Flowering Plant species : 6.0%",information_extraction What is HiFI?,"High fidelity (often shortened to Hi-Fi or HiFi) is the high-quality reproduction of sound. It is popular with audiophiles and home audio enthusiasts. Ideally, high-fidelity equipment has inaudible noise and distortion, and a flat (neutral, uncolored) frequency response within the human hearing range. High fidelity contrasts with the lower-quality “lo-fi” sound produced by inexpensive audio equipment, AM radio, or the inferior quality of sound reproduction that can be heard in recordings made until the late 1940s.","Bell Laboratories began experimenting with a range of recording techniques in the early 1930s. Performances by Leopold Stokowski and the Philadelphia Orchestra were recorded in 1931 and 1932 using telephone lines between the Academy of Music in Philadelphia and the Bell labs in New Jersey. Some multitrack recordings were made on optical sound film, which led to new advances used primarily by MGM (as early as 1937) and Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation (as early as 1941). RCA Victor began recording performances by several orchestras using optical sound around 1941, resulting in higher-fidelity masters for 78-rpm discs. During the 1930s, Avery Fisher, an amateur violinist, began experimenting with audio design and acoustics. He wanted to make a radio that would sound like he was listening to a live orchestra—that would achieve high fidelity to the original sound. After World War II, Harry F. Olson conducted an experiment whereby test subjects listened to a live orchestra through a hidden variable acoustic filter. The results proved that listeners preferred high-fidelity reproduction, once the noise and distortion introduced by early sound equipment was removed.[citation needed] Beginning in 1948, several innovations created the conditions that made major improvements of home-audio quality possible: Reel-to-reel audio tape recording, based on technology taken from Germany after WWII, helped musical artists such as Bing Crosby make and distribute recordings with better fidelity. The advent of the 33⅓ rpm Long Play (LP) microgroove vinyl record, with lower surface noise and quantitatively specified equalization curves as well as noise-reduction and dynamic range systems. Classical music fans, who were opinion leaders in the audio market, quickly adopted LPs because, unlike with older records, most classical works would fit on a single LP. Higher quality turntables, with more responsive needles FM radio, with wider audio bandwidth and less susceptibility to signal interference and fading than AM radio. Better amplifier designs, with more attention to frequency response and much higher power output capability, reproducing audio without perceptible distortion. New loudspeaker designs, including acoustic suspension, developed by Edgar Villchur and Henry Kloss with improved bass frequency response. In the 1950s, audio manufacturers employed the phrase high fidelity as a marketing term to describe records and equipment intended to provide faithful sound reproduction. Many consumers found the difference in quality compared to the then-standard AM radios and 78-rpm records readily apparent and bought high-fidelity phonographs and 33⅓ LPs such as RCA's New Orthophonics and London's FFRR (Full Frequency Range Recording, a UK Decca system). Audiophiles paid attention to technical characteristics and bought individual components, such as separate turntables, radio tuners, preamplifiers, power amplifiers and loudspeakers. Some enthusiasts even assembled their own loudspeaker systems. With the advent of integrated multi-speaker console systems in the 1950s, hi-fi became a generic term for home sound equipment, to some extent displacing phonograph and record player. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the development of stereophonic equipment and recordings led to the next wave of home-audio improvement, and in common parlance stereo displaced hi-fi. Records were now played on a stereo. In the world of the audiophile, however, the concept of high fidelity continued to refer to the goal of highly accurate sound reproduction and to the technological resources available for approaching that goal. This period is regarded as the ""Golden Age of Hi-Fi"", when vacuum tube equipment manufacturers of the time produced many models considered superior by modern audiophiles, and just before solid state (transistorized) equipment was introduced to the market, subsequently replacing tube equipment as the mainstream technology. In the 1960s, the FTC with the help of the audio manufacturers came up with a definition to identify high fidelity equipment so that the manufacturers could clearly state if they meet the requirements and reduce misleading advertisements. The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) was adapted into a power MOSFET for audio by Jun-ichi Nishizawa at Tohoku University in 1974. Power MOSFETs were soon manufactured by Yamaha for their hi-fi audio amplifiers. JVC, Pioneer Corporation, Sony and Toshiba also began manufacturing amplifiers with power MOSFETs in 1974. In 1977, Hitachi introduced the LDMOS (lateral diffused MOS), a type of power MOSFET. Hitachi was the only LDMOS manufacturer between 1977 and 1983, during which time LDMOS was used in audio power amplifiers from manufacturers such as HH Electronics (V-series) and Ashly Audio, and were used for music and public address systems. Class-D amplifiers became successful in the mid-1980s when low-cost, fast-switching MOSFETs were made available. Many transistor amps use MOSFET devices in their power sections, because their distortion curve is more tube-like. A popular type of system for reproducing music beginning in the 1970s was the integrated music centre—which combined a phonograph turntable, AM-FM radio tuner, tape player, preamplifier, and power amplifier in one package, often sold with its own separate, detachable or integrated speakers. These systems advertised their simplicity. The consumer did not have to select and assemble individual components or be familiar with impedance and power ratings. Purists generally avoid referring to these systems as high fidelity, though some are capable of very good quality sound reproduction. Audiophiles in the 1970s and 1980s preferred to buy each component separately. That way, they could choose models of each component with the specifications that they desired. In the 1980s, a number of audiophile magazines became available, offering reviews of components and articles on how to choose and test speakers, amplifiers, and other components. Listening tests See also: Codec listening test Listening tests are used by hi-fi manufacturers, audiophile magazines, and audio engineering researchers and scientists. If a listening test is done in such a way that the listener who is assessing the sound quality of a component or recording can see the components that are being used for the test (e.g., the same musical piece listened to through a tube power amplifier and a solid-state amplifier), then it is possible that the listener's pre-existing biases towards or against certain components or brands could affect their judgment. To respond to this issue, researchers began to use blind tests, in which listeners cannot see the components being tested. A commonly used variant of this test is the ABX test. A subject is presented with two known samples (sample A, the reference, and sample B, an alternative), and one unknown sample X, for three samples total. X is randomly selected from A and B, and the subject identifies X as being either A or B. Although there is no way to prove that a certain methodology is transparent, a properly conducted double-blind test can prove that a method is not transparent. Blind tests are sometimes used as part of attempts to ascertain whether certain audio components (such as expensive, exotic cables) have any subjectively perceivable effect on sound quality. Data gleaned from these blind tests is not accepted by some audiophile magazines such as Stereophile and The Absolute Sound in their evaluations of audio equipment. John Atkinson, current editor of Stereophile, stated that he once purchased a solid-state amplifier, the Quad 405, in 1978 after seeing the results from blind tests, but came to realize months later that ""the magic was gone"" until he replaced it with a tube amp. Robert Harley of The Absolute Sound wrote, in 2008, that: ""...blind listening tests fundamentally distort the listening process and are worthless in determining the audibility of a certain phenomenon."" Doug Schneider, editor of the online Soundstage network, refuted this position with two editorials in 2009. He stated: ""Blind tests are at the core of the decades' worth of research into loudspeaker design done at Canada's National Research Council (NRC). The NRC researchers knew that for their result to be credible within the scientific community and to have the most meaningful results, they had to eliminate bias, and blind testing was the only way to do so."" Many Canadian companies such as Axiom, Energy, Mirage, Paradigm, PSB, and Revel use blind testing extensively in designing their loudspeakers. Audio professional Dr. Sean Olive of Harman International shares this view.",information_extraction "Classify each of the following as a planet or a satellite/moon of a planet in our solar system: Jupiter, Europa, Mars, Saturn, Titan, Callisto, Enceladus, Uranus",,"Planets: Jupiter,Saturn,Mars,Uranus Moons/Satellite: Europa, Titan, Callisto, Enceladus",classification How many times did Gordie Howe retire?,"Howe retired for the first time in 1971 and was immediately inducted into the Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame that same year. He was then inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame the next year, but came back two years later to join his sons Mark and Marty on the Houston Aeros of the WHA. Although in his mid-40s, he scored over 100 points twice in six years, won two straight Avco World Trophies (1974 and 1975) and was named most valuable player in 1974. He made a brief return to the NHL in 1979–80, playing one season with the Hartford Whalers, then retired at age 52. His involvement with the WHA was central to their brief pre-NHL merger success, forcing the NHL to recruit European talent and expand to new markets.","Based on the provided information, Howe retired two times. Howe retired for the first time in 1971, but then later joined his sons Mark and Marty on the Houston Aeros of the WHA. Howe would then return to the NHL in 1979 where he played one season before retiring for a second time.",closed_qa What are some different ways a person could commute to work?,,"drive, ride a bicycle, walk, ride scooter, participate in a carpool, use public transportation",brainstorming What kind of sounds do Alpacas make?,,"Alpacas make a variety of sounds: Humming: When alpacas are born, the mother and baby hum constantly. They also hum as a sign of distress, especially when they are separated from their herd. Alpacas may also hum when curious, happy, worried or cautious. Snorting: Alpacas snort when another alpaca is invading its space. Grumbling: Alpacas grumble to warn each other. For example, when one is invading another's personal space, it sounds like gurgling. Clucking: Similar to a hen's cluck, alpacas cluck when a mother is concerned for her cria. Male alpacas cluck to signal friendly behavior. Screaming: Their screams are extremely deafening and loud. They will scream when they are not handled correctly or when they are being attacked by a potential enemy. Screeching: A bird-like cry, presumably intended to terrify the opponent. This sound is typically used by male alpacas when they are in a fight over dominance. When a female screeches, it is more of a growl when she is angry.",open_qa What percentage of the world's population did the British Empire hold sway over?,"The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, 23 per cent of the world population at the time, and by 1920, it covered 35.5 million km2 (13.7 million sq mi), 24 per cent of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its constitutional, legal, linguistic, and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was described as ""the empire on which the sun never sets"", as the Sun was always shining on at least one of its territories.",23 per cent of the world population,closed_qa What is SoulCycle?,,"SoulCycle is 45-minute indoor cycling class. SoulCycle implements choreography on a stationery bike, making it rhythmic-based. When you go to a SoulCycle class, you are expected to rent or bring a pair of cycling shoes that clip into your bike and you then enter a dark candle-lit room with loud music.",open_qa "Without quoting directly from the text, tell me about rainbows.","A rainbow is an optical phenomenon that can occur under certain meteorological conditions. It is caused by reflection, refraction and dispersion of light in water droplets resulting in an effect similar to a spectrum of light appearing in the sky. It takes the form of a multicoloured circular arc. Rainbows caused by sunlight always appear in the section of sky directly opposite the Sun. Rainbows can be full circles. However, the observer normally sees only an arc formed by illuminated droplets above the ground, and centered on a line from the Sun to the observer's eye. In a primary rainbow, the arc shows red on the outer part and violet on the inner side. This rainbow is caused by light being refracted when entering a droplet of water, then reflected inside on the back of the droplet and refracted again when leaving it. In a double rainbow, a second arc is seen outside the primary arc, and has the order of its colours reversed, with red on the inner side of the arc. This is caused by the light being reflected twice on the inside of the droplet before leaving it.","Rainbows may appear when light passes through water. When a rainbow appears when it's raining, it's always in the opposite direction from the Sun. Although usually in the form of an arc, rainbows can also be full circle. The colors on the primary and double rainbows are inverted with red appearing on the outer part of the primary rainbow and the inner part of a double rainbow.",summarization How can I improve my finances?,,"Determine your short and long term financial goals. Create a budget based on your total income, necessary, and discretionary expenses. Pay down high interest debt first, such as credit card debt. Pay off your credit cards in full each month. Create an emergency fund that covers 3-6 months of expenses. Max out your 401K contributions every year. Use a high interest savings account instead of saving money with a traditional bank so you don't lose money due to inflation. Create a diversified investment account. Hire a financial planner to manage your assets. Turn a hobby into a second job and earn passive income. Reduce temptations to overspend by setting up an automatic transfer from your paycheck into a savings account.",brainstorming What is the biggest planet from the solar system?,"Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass more than two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined, and slightly less than one one-thousandth the mass of the Sun. Jupiter is the third brightest natural object in the Earth's night sky after the Moon and Venus, and it has been observed since prehistoric times. It was named after Jupiter, the chief deity of ancient Roman religion.",Jupiter is the largest plant in the Solar system with a surface of 120 times the earth,closed_qa Which Super Bowl Halftime Show performer was upstaged by a dancing shark?,,Katy Perry.,open_qa "What are some fun activities to do in Maui, Hawaii?",,"Maui, Hawaii is a beautiful place to visit and offers activities that appeal to adventurers, families, and those who want to relax. Maui's amazing beaches offer surfing, outrigger paddling, stand-up paddling, fishing, kite surfing and other activities for novice or experienced water lovers. More of a land-lubber than a mermaid? Take a hike in the Haleakala volcano crater or one of many other hikes around the island. Relaxing by the pool more your speed, check out the great hotels or many private house rentals that offer vacationers a chance to unplug and get away from it all. Most of the resorts are closely located to shops and restaurants for a no worries kid of trip. Whatever your passions are, Maui delivers with aloha!",creative_writing Name some of the famous battles from the American Revolutionary War,,"Famous battles from the American Revolutionary War include Battle of Bunker Hill, Battles of Lexington and Concord, and Yorktown",open_qa What is the difference between a snap shot and a slap shot in hockey?,,"A snap shot is an abbreviated wrist shot in ice hockey. The purpose of the snap shot is to combine the main advantages of the wrist shot (shot accuracy and quick delivery) and slap shot (puck speed). The snap shot is accomplished with a quick snap of the wrists while the puck rests in place. The slap shot, on the other hand, is accomplished with a wind-up involving lifting the hockey stick to shoulder height or higher and then slapping the ice slightly behind the puck, using the weight to bend the stick, storing energy in it like a spring. The player then rolls their wrists and shifts their weight so that the energy stored in the stick is released through the puck.",open_qa What is COBOL used for?,,"COBOL was designed for business computer programs in industries such as finance and human resources. Unlike some high-level computer programming languages, COBOL uses English words and phrases to make it easier for ordinary business users to understand.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tamborim, Veena",,"Veena is string, Tamborim is percussion.",classification "Based on the reference text, provide a summary of how the monthly benefit amount for social security is calculated.","Primary Insurance Amount and Monthly Benefit Amount calculations Main article: Primary Insurance Amount Workers in Social Security covered employment pay FICA (Federal Insurance Contributions Act) or SECA (Self Employed Contributions Act) taxes and earn quarters of coverage if earnings are above minimum amounts specified in the law. Workers with 40 quarters of coverage (QC) are ""fully insured"" and eligible for retirement benefits. Retirement benefit amounts depend upon the average of the person's highest 35 years of ""adjusted"" or ""indexed"" earnings. A person's payroll-taxable earnings from earlier years are adjusted for economy-wide wage growth, using the national average wage index (AWI), and then averaged. If the worker has fewer than 35 years of covered earnings these non-contributory years are assigned zero earnings. The sum of the highest 35 years of adjusted or indexed earnings divided by 420 (35 years times 12 months per year) produces a person's Average Indexed Monthly Earnings or AIME. The AIME is then used to calculate the Primary Insurance Amount or PIA. For workers who turn 62 in 2021, the PIA computation formula is: (a) 90 percent of the first $996 of average indexed monthly earnings, plus (b) 32 percent of average indexed monthly earnings between $996 and $6,002, plus (c) 15 percent of average indexed monthly earnings over $6,002 For workers who turn 62 in the future, the 90, 32, and 15 percent factors in the computation formula will remain the same but the dollar amounts in the formula (called bend points) will increase by wage growth in the national economy, as measured by the AWI. Because the AIME and the PIA calculation incorporate the AWI, Social Security benefits are said to be wage indexed. Because wages typically grow faster than prices, the PIAs for workers turning 62 in the future will tend to be higher in real terms but similar relative to average earnings in the economy at the time age 62 is attained. Monthly benefit amounts are based on the PIA. Once the PIA is computed, it is indexed for price inflation over time. Thus, Social Security monthly benefit amounts retain their purchasing power throughout a person's retirement years. A worker who first starts receiving a retirement benefit at the full retirement age receives a monthly benefit amount equal to 100 percent of the PIA. A worker who claims the retirement benefit before the full retirement age receives a reduced monthly benefit amount and a worker who claims at an age after the full retirement age (up to age 70) receives an increased monthly amount. The 90, 32, and 15 percent factors in the PIA computation lead to higher replacement rates for persons with lower career earnings. For example, a retired individual whose average earnings are below the first bend point can receive a monthly benefit at the full retirement age that equals 90 percent of the person's average monthly earnings before retirement. The table shows replacement rates for workers who turned 62 in 2013. The PIA computation formula for disabled workers parallels that for retired workers except the AIME is based on fewer years to reflect disablement before age 62. The monthly benefit amount of a disabled worker is 100 percent of PIA. Benefits for spouses, children, and widow(er)s depend on the PIAs of a spouse or a deceased spouse. Aged spouse and divorced spouse beneficiaries can receive up to 50 percent of the PIA. Survivor benefit rates are higher and aged widow(er)s and aged surviving divorced spouses can receive 100 percent of the PIA. Federal, state and local employees who have elected (when they could) NOT to pay FICA taxes are eligible for a reduced FICA benefits and full Medicare coverage if they have more than forty quarters of qualifying Social Security covered work. To minimize the Social Security payments to those who have not contributed to FICA for 35+ years and are eligible for federal, state and local benefits, which are usually more generous, Congress passed the Windfall Elimination Provision, WEP. The WEP provision will not eliminate all Social Security or Medicare eligibility if the worker has 40 quarters of qualifying income, but calculates the benefit payments by reducing the 90% multiplier in the first PIA bendpoint to 40–85% depending on the number of Years of Coverage. Foreign pensions are subject to WEP. A special minimum benefit, based on an alternative PIA calculation, is available for some workers with long careers but low earnings. However, it is rarely higher than the regularly-computed PIA and thus few workers qualify for the special minimum benefit. Only 32,000 individuals received the special minimum benefit in 2019. The benefits someone is eligible for are potentially so complicated that potential retirees should consult the Social Security Administration directly for advice. Many questions are addressed and at least partially answered on many online publications and online calculators.","The monthly benefit amount for social security is calculated by determining an individual's highest 35 years of ""indexed"" earnings. The sum of the highest 35 years of ""indexed"" earnings is divided by 420, which is the number of months in 35 years, to determine an individuals Average Indexed Monthly Earnings, which is referred to as AIME. Once an individuals AIME is determined, the formula to calculate the monthly benefit is as follows: - 90 percent of the first $996 of AIME, plus - 32 percent of AIME between $996 and $6,002, plus - 15 percent of AIME over $6,002",summarization Give me 5 ideas that can help me be more productive,,"Write a to-do list at the end of the day ready for the next day. Complete your most important task first. Time block your day to group tasks together. Switch your phone on airplane mode for 30 minutes intervals to complete tasks without distractions. Adopt ""Inbox Zero"" approach to your email management",brainstorming What is the fundamental problem of economics as a discipline?,,"a. The allocation of resources among competing wants because there are unlimited wants limited resources b. How to ensure continuous economic growth in the face of uncertainty c. How to maximise profits for companies and consumer value for citizens d. How to balance the needs of the economy with society and the environment",open_qa Where is Independence mall?,"Independence Mall (formerly Westfield Shoppingtown Independence or Westfield Independence) is the only enclosed shopping mall in Wilmington, North Carolina. It opened in 1979 with anchor stores Belk-Beery (now Belk), JCPenney, and Sears. A later expansion added a new wing and Dillard's store to the center after Westfield Group purchased the mall. The mall is located on Oleander Drive (U.S. 76) and Independence Blvd east of downtown Wilmington. The mall has a food court and no longer features a carousel.","Independence mall is located in Wilmington, North Carolina.",closed_qa What is the difference between ADLS Gen 1 and 2?,,"Azure Data Lake Storage Gen1 implements an access control model that derives from HDFS, which in turn derives from the POSIX access control model. Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 implements an access control model that supports both Azure role-based access control (Azure RBAC) and POSIX-like access control lists (ACLs).",open_qa Which movie was originally declared the winner for Best Picture?,"The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 26, 2017. Moonlight became the first film with an all-black cast and the first LGBT-themed film to win Best Picture. In an event unprecedented in the history of the Oscars, La La Land was incorrectly announced as the Best Picture, and, a few minutes later, the error was corrected and Moonlight was declared the winner. O.J.: Made in America, at 467 minutes, became the longest film to win an Academy Award, surpassing the 431-minute long War and Peace, which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1969. Following the five-part documentary's win, new academy rules barred any ""multi-part or limited series"" from being eligible for documentary categories. With Casey Affleck winning the Oscar for Best Actor, he and his older brother, Ben Affleck, became the 16th pair of siblings to win Academy Awards. Mahershala Ali became the first Muslim actor to win an Oscar. Viola Davis became the first black person to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting with her Oscar, Emmy, and Tony wins.",La La Land was originally declared the winner for Best Picture,closed_qa Give me a list of the dog breeds,"This list of dog breeds includes both extant and extinct dog breeds, varieties and types. A research article on dog genomics published in Science/AAAS defines modern dog breeds as ""a recent invention defined by conformation to a physical ideal and purity of lineage"".","Affenpinscher Afghan Hound Africanis Aidi Airedale Terrier Akbash Akita Aksaray Malaklisi Alano Español Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog Alaskan Husky Alaskan Klee Kai Alaskan Malamute Alopekis Alpine Dachsbracke American Bulldog American Bully American Cocker Spaniel American English Coonhound American Eskimo Dog American Foxhound American Hairless Terrier American Leopard Hound American Pit Bull Terrier American Staffordshire Terrier American Water Spaniel Anglo-Français de Petite Vénerie Appenzeller Sennenhund Ariège Pointer Ariegeois Armant Armenian Gampr Artois Hound Assyrian Mastiff Australian Cattle Dog Australian Kelpie Australian Shepherd Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog Australian Terrier Austrian Black and Tan Hound Austrian Pinscher Azawakh Bắc Hà dog Bakharwal dog Banjara Hound Bankhar Dog Barak hound Barbado da Terceira Barbet Basenji Basque Shepherd Dog Basset Artésien Normand Basset Bleu de Gascogne Basset Fauve de Bretagne Basset Hound Bavarian Mountain Hound Beagle Beagle-Harrier Bearded Collie Beauceron Bedlington Terrier Belgian Shepherd Bergamasco Shepherd Berger Picard Bernese Mountain Dog Bichon Frisé Billy Black and Tan Coonhound Black Norwegian Elkhound Black Russian Terrier Black Mouth Cur Bloodhound Blue Lacy Blue Picardy Spaniel Bluetick Coonhound Boerboel Bohemian Shepherd Bolognese Border Collie Border Terrier Borzoi Boston Terrier Bouvier des Ardennes Bouvier des Flandres Boxer Boykin Spaniel Bracco Italiano Braque d'Auvergne Braque du Bourbonnais Braque Français Braque Saint-Germain Briard Briquet Griffon Vendéen Brittany Broholmer Bruno Jura Hound Brussels Griffon Bucovina Shepherd Dog Bull Arab Bull Terrier Bulldog Bullmastiff Bully Kutta Burgos Pointer Ca Mè Mallorquí Ca de Bou Cairn Terrier Calupoh Campeiro Bulldog Can de Chira Can de Palleiro Canaan Dog Canadian Eskimo Dog Cane Corso Cane di Oropa Cane Paratore Cantabrian Water Dog Cão da Serra de Aires Cão de Castro Laboreiro Cão de Gado Transmontano Cão Fila de São Miguel Cardigan Welsh Corgi Carea Castellano Manchego Carea Leonés Carolina Dog Carpathian Shepherd Dog Catahoula Leopard Dog Catalan Sheepdog Caucasian Shepherd Dog Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Central Asian Shepherd Dog Cesky Fousek Cesky Terrier Chesapeake Bay Retriever Chien Français Blanc et Noir Chien Français Blanc et Orange Chien Français Tricolore Chihuahua Chilean Terrier Chinese Crested Dog Chinook Chippiparai Chongqing dog Chortai Chow Chow Chukotka sled dog Cimarrón Uruguayo Cirneco dell'Etna Clumber Spaniel Colombian fino hound Continental bulldog Coton de Tuléar Cretan Hound Croatian Sheepdog Curly-Coated Retriever Cursinu Czechoslovakian Wolfdog D–K Dachshund Dalmatian Dandie Dinmont Terrier Danish Spitz Danish-Swedish Farmdog Denmark Feist Dingo [note 1] Dobermann Dogo Argentino Dogo Guatemalteco Dogo Sardesco Dogue Brasileiro Dogue de Bordeaux Donggyeongi Drentse Patrijshond Drever Dunker Dutch Shepherd Dutch Smoushond East Siberian Laika East European Shepherd Ecuadorian Hairless Dog English Cocker Spaniel English Foxhound English Mastiff English Setter English Shepherd English Springer Spaniel English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan) Entlebucher Mountain Dog Estonian Hound Estrela Mountain Dog Eurasier Field Spaniel Fila Brasileiro Finnish Hound Finnish Lapphund Finnish Spitz Flat-Coated Retriever French Bulldog French Spaniel Galgo Español Garafian Shepherd Gascon Saintongeois Georgian Shepherd German Hound German Longhaired Pointer German Pinscher German Roughhaired Pointer German Shepherd German Shorthaired Pointer German Spaniel German Spitz German Wirehaired Pointer Giant Schnauzer Glen of Imaal Terrier Golden Retriever Gończy Polski Gordon Setter Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Noir Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Orange Grand Anglo-Français Tricolore Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen Grand Bleu de Gascogne Grand Griffon Vendéen Great Dane Greater Swiss Mountain Dog Greek Harehound Greek Shepherd Greenland Dog Greyhound Griffon Bleu de Gascogne Griffon Fauve de Bretagne Griffon Nivernais Gull Dong Gull Terrier Hällefors Elkhound Halden Hound Hamiltonstövare Hanover Hound Harrier Havanese Himalayan Sheepdog Hierran Wolfdog Hmong bobtail dog Hokkaido Hovawart Huntaway Hygen Hound Ibizan Hound Icelandic Sheepdog Indian pariah dog Indian Spitz Irish Red and White Setter Irish Setter Irish Terrier Irish Water Spaniel Irish Wolfhound Istrian Coarse-haired Hound Istrian Shorthaired Hound Italian Greyhound Jack Russell Terrier Jagdterrier Jämthund Japanese Chin Japanese Spitz Japanese Terrier Jindo Jonangi Kai Ken Kaikadi Kangal Shepherd Dog Kanni Karakachan dog Karelian Bear Dog Kars Karst Shepherd Keeshond Kerry Beagle Kerry Blue Terrier Khala King Charles Spaniel King Shepherd Kintamani Kishu Kokoni Kombai Komondor Kooikerhondje Koolie Koyun dog Kromfohrländer Kuchi Kunming dog Kurdish Mastiff Kuvasz L–R Labrador Retriever Lagotto Romagnolo Lakeland Terrier Lancashire Heeler Landseer Lapponian Herder Large Münsterländer Leonberger Levriero Sardo Lhasa Apso Liangshan Dog Lithuanian Hound Lobito Herreño Löwchen Lupo Italiano Mackenzie River husky Magyar agár Mahratta Greyhound Maltese Manchester Terrier Maneto Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdog McNab dog Miniature American Shepherd Miniature Bull Terrier Miniature Fox Terrier Miniature Pinscher Miniature Schnauzer Molossus of Epirus Mongrel Montenegrin Mountain Hound Mountain Cur Mountain Feist Mucuchies Mudhol Hound Mudi Neapolitan Mastiff Nenets Herding Laika New Guinea singing dog New Zealand Heading Dog Newfoundland Norfolk Terrier Norrbottenspets Northern Inuit Dog Norwegian Buhund Norwegian Elkhound Norwegian Lundehund Norwich Terrier Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Old Danish Pointer Old English Sheepdog Old English Terrier Olde English Bulldogge Otterhound Pachon Navarro Pampas Deerhound Papillon Parson Russell Terrier Pastore della Lessinia e del Lagorai Patagonian Sheepdog Patterdale Terrier Pekingese Pembroke Welsh Corgi Perro Majorero Perro de Pastor Mallorquin Perro de Presa Canario Perro de Presa Mallorquin Peruvian Inca Orchid Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen Petit Bleu de Gascogne Phalène Pharaoh Hound Phu Quoc Ridgeback Picardy Spaniel Plummer Terrier Plott Hound Podenco Andaluz Podenco Canario Podenco Valenciano Pointer Poitevin Polish Greyhound Polish Hound Polish Lowland Sheepdog Polish Tatra Sheepdog Pomeranian Pont-Audemer Spaniel Poodle Porcelaine Portuguese Podengo Portuguese Pointer Portuguese Water Dog Posavac Hound Pražský Krysařík Pudelpointer Pug Puli Pumi Pungsan dog Pyrenean Mastiff Pyrenean Mountain Dog Pyrenean Sheepdog Rafeiro do Alentejo Rajapalayam Rampur Greyhound Rat Terrier Ratonero Bodeguero Andaluz Ratonero Mallorquin Ratonero Murciano Ratonero Valenciano Redbone Coonhound Rhodesian Ridgeback Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog Romanian Raven Shepherd Dog Rottweiler Rough Collie Russian Spaniel Russian Toy Russo-European Laika Ryukyu Inu S–Z Saarloos Wolfdog Sabueso Español Saint Bernard Saint Hubert Jura Hound Saint Miguel Cattle Dog Saint-Usuge Spaniel Saluki Samoyed Sapsali Sarabi dog Sardinian Shepherd Dog Šarplaninac Schapendoes Schillerstövare Schipperke Schweizer Laufhund Schweizerischer Niederlaufhund Scottish Deerhound Scottish Terrier Sealyham Terrier Segugio dell'Appennino Segugio Italiano Segugio Maremmano Serbian Hound Serbian Tricolour Hound Serrano Bulldog Shar Pei Shetland Sheepdog Shiba Inu Shih Tzu Shikoku Shiloh Shepherd Siberian Husky Silken Windhound Silky Terrier Sinhala Hound Skye Terrier Sloughi Slovakian Wirehaired Pointer Slovenský Cuvac Slovenský Kopov Smalandstövare Small Greek domestic dog Small Münsterländer Smithfield Smooth Collie Smooth Fox Terrier Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier South Russian Ovcharka Spanish Mastiff Spanish Water Dog Spino degli Iblei Spinone Italiano Sporting Lucas Terrier Stabyhoun Staffordshire Bull Terrier Standard Schnauzer Stephens Stock Styrian Coarse-haired Hound Sussex Spaniel Swedish Lapphund Swedish Vallhund Swinford Bandog Taigan Taiwan Dog Tamaskan Dog Tang Dog Tazy Teddy Roosevelt Terrier Telomian Tenterfield Terrier Terrier Brasileiro Thai Bangkaew Dog Thai Ridgeback Tibetan Kyi Apso Tibetan Mastiff Tibetan Spaniel Tibetan Terrier Tonya Finosu Torkuz Tornjak Tosa Inu Toy Fox Terrier Toy Manchester Terrier Transylvanian Hound Treeing Cur Treeing Feist Treeing Tennessee Brindle Treeing Walker Coonhound Trigg Hound Tyrolean Hound Vikhan Villano de Las Encartaciones Villanuco de Las Encartaciones Vizsla Volpino Italiano Weimaraner Welsh Hound Welsh Sheepdog Welsh Springer Spaniel Welsh Terrier West Country Harrier West Highland White Terrier West Siberian Laika Westphalian Dachsbracke Wetterhoun Whippet White Shepherd White Swiss Shepherd Dog Wire Fox Terrier Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Wirehaired Vizsla Xiasi Dog Xoloitzcuintle Yakutian Laika Yorkshire Terrier Zerdava",summarization Extract the most famous songs of the slashtones in a comma separated list.,"The Slashtones (also known as ""Harry Slash & The Slashtones"") are an American musical group, formed in 1993 by New York native Harry Slash under the name ""Harry & The Slashtones"". Harry would later change the band's name many times, from ""The Slashtones"", to ""Life?!"",""Not The Slashtones"" and then to ""Harry Slash & The Slashtones"" during the era that Harry Slash produced music for Extreme Championship Wrestling. Their best known songs are the ECW theme (""This Is Extreme!""), Taz's theme (""Survive! (If I Let You)"") and Sabu's theme (""Huka Blues""). After Extreme Championship Wrestling went bankrupt in 2001, Harry Slash continued to record and perform with the band after changing its name back to ""The Slashtones"". The name of the band is a parody of Béla Fleck and the Flecktones, itself a play on Dick Dale and the Del-Tones.","This Is Extreme, Survive! (If I Let You), Huka Blues",information_extraction Provide a list of all numbers mentioned in the provided text and what they represent,"The ancestors of llamas are thought to have originated from the Great Plains of North America about 40 million years ago, and subsequently migrated to South America about three million years ago during the Great American Interchange. By the end of the last ice age (10,000–12,000 years ago), camelids were extinct in North America. As of 2007, there were over seven million llamas and alpacas in South America and over 158,000 llamas and 100,000 alpacas, descended from progenitors imported late in the 20th century, in the United States and Canada. In Aymara mythology, llamas are important beings. The Heavenly Llama is said to drink water from the ocean and urinates as it rains. According to Aymara eschatology, llamas will return to the water springs and lagoons where they come from at the end of time.","40 million: The number of years ago when the ancestors of llamas are thought to have originated from the Great Plains of North America three million: The number of years ago the ancestors of llamas are thought to have migrated to South America during the Great American Interchange 10,000–12,000: The number of years ago camelids were extinct in North America 2007: As of this year, there were over seven million llamas and alpacas in South America and over 158,000 llamas and 100,000 alpacas, descended from progenitors imported late in the 20th century, in the United States and Canada seven million: The number of llamas and alpacas in South America as of 2007 158,000: The number of llamas in the United States and Canada, that descended from progenitors imported late in the 20th century, as of 2007 100,000: The number of alpacas in the United States and Canada, that descended from progenitors imported late in the 20th century, as of 2007 20: The century where progenitors were imported to United States and Canada",information_extraction What is the difference between a coastal cruising and blue water sailboat?,,"The designs, accommodations and compromises for these boats can be very different and reflect the likely sea conditions these boats would encounter, expected time at sea and different experiences of passenger comfort. The primary difference between these boats begins with the shape of the hull since many other design choices tend to be dictated by hull shape. Coastal cruisers, which are generally sailed near shore and in safer weather conditions, tend to have a flatter hull shapes since these boats, which means they tend to ""slap"" the water when coming off a wave. With a flatter hull shape, boat architects can make greater use of the cabin space and so coastal cruisers will generally have a more spacious interior. The helm (or the outdoor area from which the boat is navigated) is generally less protected and generally speaking, offers greater comfort and ease of moving around. Safety, protection and expected time away from marinas mean these boats can refill fresh water, recharge batteries, empty waste tanks more frequently and therefore, tend to have lower capacities. Blue water boats, because they are intended to sail in open waters (hence the moniker ""blue water"") in more unpredictable weather, generally have tapered (or tear drop shaped) hull shapes with heavier keels (generally, lead) and deeper drafts. With these designs, blue water boats can withstand heavier seas and will ""cut through"" waves rather than ""slap."" Generally speaking, blue water boats offer a much more comfortable experience in rougher seas and will have bigger fresh water and fuel tanks and will likely feature generators and other equipment that allows these boats to away for longer periods. Blue water boats feature tapered hulls so the beam or width of the boat narrows the closer it gets to the water line (and below), leaving less room in the interior cabin than an equally sized coastal cruiser. Foot for foot, blue water boats will feature fewer berths and will have more cramped quarters because of the narrowing beam. Because blue water boats are intended to sail longer distances and will carry more fuel and fresh water, these boats interior space is further restricted to accomadate these practical requirements. The differences in comfort, stability and likelihood of capsizing are all captured in mathematical calculations that can provide an abstracted comparison between these boat types so prospective buyers can anticipate the the experiences and trade offs each hull type would provide.",classification What is topography?,,"Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area may refer to the land forms and features themselves, or a description or depiction in maps. Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary science and is concerned with local detail in general, including not only relief, but also natural, artificial, and cultural features such as roads, land boundaries, and buildings. In the United States, topography often means specifically relief, even though the USGS topographic maps record not just elevation contours, but also roads, populated places, structures, land boundaries, and so on. Topography in a narrow sense involves the recording of relief or terrain, the three-dimensional quality of the surface, and the identification of specific landforms; this is also known as geomorphometry. In modern usage, this involves generation of elevation data in digital form (DEM). It is often considered to include the graphic representation of the landform on a map by a variety of cartographic relief depiction techniques, including contour lines, hypsometric tints, and relief shading.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Talking drum, Tambura",,"Tambura is string, Talking drum is percussion.",classification When is the first day of summer 2023?,,"Wednesday, June 21, 2023",open_qa Name some books by Thomas Pynchon,,"The most popular books by Thomas Pynchon include V., Gravity's Rainbow, The Crying of Lot 49 or Inherent Vice.",open_qa Which bird has the longest wingspan?,,Its the Wandering Albatross with wingspans ranging from 8 to 11 feet.,open_qa Imagine you are part of the city government responsible for urban planning. Write a letter to address the biggest ethical obligation behind a LASER-like system.,,"As a division in charge of urban planning for the City of Los Angeles, we are obligated to ensure that the LASER system delivers sustainable and equitable improvements for our neighborhoods, especially the socially marginalized ones. To that end, we need LASER to generate outputs that would not target racial groups – African American communities, for example – and in turn aggravate the pre-existing police harassment in those regions. Yet, there exists no possible source of data inputs for LASER to achieve such goal. The algorithm has been historically accused of racial profiling despite not using race as a predictor for criminal tendencies. However, our society is fraught with deep-rooted racism such that data points themselves bear the mark of discriminatory ideology and practices. For instance, gang membership as a predictor in LASER essentially serves as a proxy for race. Gangs in African American communities arose as a result of economic deprivation, resource insufficiency, as well as police harassment – phenomena with roots that can be easily traced back to age-old racial segregation. Similarly, criminal records hold the vestiges of the New Jim Crow. Therefore, using gang activity and past arrests as predictors in the LASER system only generate outputs with heavy racial connotations, which in turn reinforce and reify historical biases. Notwithstanding the problematic algorithm, we do not need to cast away the system entirely. When LASER points to places of deep-rooted discrimination and deprivation, we should mend but not aggravate. Instead of composing chronic offender bulletins, we can treat the LASER outputs as agenda for our next social welfare and infrastructure construction projects – where do we need to build more schools and hospitals? Where should the money go to create more job opportunities? Where do we need to address the problem of police misconduct and rebuild the relationship between people and law enforcement? If we cannot fix a “bias in, bias out” algorithm, we can at least attend to the information it has generated and figure out where the biases have wreaked havoc and taken a heavy toll. We can then redistribute resources and fundings accordingly so that the historically deprived neighborhoods have the chance to flourish. In doing so, we can achieve both sustainability and equity. We can expect the crime rates to go down when the neighborhood achieves economic growth and employment, and such crime reduction is sustainable, unlike the original LASER system that continues to discriminate and deprive.",creative_writing Give me a brief history of the construction of Walt Disney World,"Designed to supplement Disneyland in Anaheim, California, which had opened in 1955, the complex was developed by Walt Disney in the 1960s. ""The Florida Project"", as it was known, was intended to present a distinct vision with its own diverse set of attractions. Walt Disney's original plans also called for the inclusion of an ""Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow"" (EPCOT), a planned community intended to serve as a testbed for new city-living innovations. Walt Disney died on December 15, 1966, during the initial planning of the complex. After his death, the company wrestled with the idea of whether to bring the Disney World project to fruition; however, Walt's older brother, Roy O. Disney, came out of retirement to make sure Walt's biggest dream was realized. Construction started in 1967, with the company instead building a resort similar to Disneyland, abandoning the experimental concepts for a planned community. The Magic Kingdom was the first theme park to open in the complex, in 1971, followed by Epcot (1982), Disney's Hollywood Studios (1989), and Disney's Animal Kingdom (1998). It was Roy who insisted the name of the entire complex be changed from Disney World to Walt Disney World, ensuring that people would remember that the project was Walt's dream.","Walt Disney World was designed as a theme park to supplement Disneyland. It was conceived by Walt Disney in the 1960s and was known as the ""The Florida Project"". Walt Disney originally envisioned including a planned community known as the ""Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow"" (EPCOT) which would be a planned community that would test city-living innovations. As planning progressed, plans for EPCOT evolved to become just a theme park in the complex. Walt Disney died in 1966 during planning and the company was torn whether to move forward with the project. Walt Disney's brother, Roy Disney, came out of retirement to see the project successfully completed. There are four theme parks in the complex. The Magic Kingdom opened in 1971, followed by Epcot in 1982, Disney's Hollywood Studios in 1989, and Disney's Animal Kingdom in 1998. Roy Disney insisted the name be changed to Walt Disney World from the original name of just Disney World to remind people that it was Walt's dream.",summarization Extract all the dates from this paragraph provided.,"The New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation, or New JEWEL Movement (NJM), was a Marxist–Leninist vanguard party in the Caribbean island nation of Grenada that was led by Maurice Bishop. Established in 1973, the NJM issued its manifesto prior to the granting of independence to Grenada in 1974. The movement took control of the country with a successful bloodless revolution in 1979 and ruled by decree as the People's Revolutionary Government until 1983. In 1983, Bishop was killed by paramilitaries affiliated with hard-liners in his own party. This led to a military government, which was deposed by the US military in a 1983 invasion.","1973, 1974, 1979, 1983",information_extraction "How many boilers and engines did the Indiana have, put the answers in comma separated ascending order","Indiana was 351 feet 2 inches (107.04 m) long overall and had a beam of 69 ft 3 in (21.11 m) and a draft of 24 ft (7.3 m). She displaced 10,288 long tons (10,453 t) as designed and up to 11,688 long tons (11,876 t) at full load. The ship was powered by two-shaft triple-expansion steam engines rated at 9,000 indicated horsepower (6,700 kW) and four coal-fired fire-tube boilers, generating a top speed of 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). She had a cruising radius of 5,640 nautical miles (10,450 km; 6,490 mi) at a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). As built, she was fitted with a heavy military mast, which was later supplemented by a stern cage mast in 1910–1911. She had a crew of 32 officers and 441 enlisted men, which increased to a total of 586–636 officers and enlisted.","Two-shaft triple-expansion steam engines, Four coal-fired fire-tube boilers",information_extraction "Describe the perfect weekend trip to Boston, Massachusetts.",,"The best way to spend a weekend in Boston is walking the Freedom Trail in Downtown Boston. Seeing a Red Sox game at Fenway Park is practically required, and if visiting in the off-season, taking a tour of the stadium will suffice. You need to have a lobster roll at the Union Oyster House for Lunch. You should have a cannoli from Mike's Pastry in the North End for dessert as they are the best. Take the T from Government Center to the MFA stop to visit the Museum of Fine Arts. You should stay at the XV Beacon Hotel by the Boston Common. The Boston Commons is a lovely place to have a picnic as well.",creative_writing how long do roasted coffee beans last before you should throw them out?,,"Freshly roasted coffee beans should be used between two and ten days after roasting. If you use them too soon, they can be bitter and off-gas carbon dioxide. If you use them more than two weeks after roasting, most of the nuance of the flavor is gone due to changes in the chemical composition of the beans.",open_qa "Categorize these bands as either 'rock', 'pop', 'metal' or 'indie'. Metallica, Queen, One direction, Korn, Coldplay, Arcade fire, backstreet boys",,"metal: Metallica, Korn rock: Queen, Coldplay pop: One direction, backstreet boys indie: Arcade fire",classification "Classify the following major cities based on the typical weather in December if it is generally cold or generally warm: Chicago, Illinois; New York City, New York; and Miami, Florida",,"Chicago, Illinois is cold New York City, New York is cold Miami, Florida is warm",classification "Tell me which of the eight planets in our solar system have moons and which do not. Classify the planets into 'No Moon', 'One Moon', and 'Multiple Moons'. The planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.",,"No Moon: Mercury and Venus. One Moon: Earth and Mars. Multiple Moons: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.",classification Does the HP U32 4K HDR Monitor have built-in speakers?,,"No. Built-in speakers are not listed in the manufacturers specification page for this monitor. ""HP U32 4K HDR Monitor Product Specifications"" https://support.hp.com/us-en/document/c07721979. A review of this monitor by PCMag lists ""Lacks built-in speakers"" as a Con against the monitor. https://www.pcmag.com/reviews/hp-u28-4k-hdr-monitor The monitor does have a 3.5 mm Audio Jack (Audio Out) which can be used to connect external speakers.",open_qa Give me a list of the teenage mutant ninja turtles,,"The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles have the following names: - Leonardo - Donatello - Raphael - Michelangelo",brainstorming How does a noise-cancelling headphone work?,,A noise-canceling headphone can actively monitor the background noise and generate an opposite waveform to negate the noise and prevent it from reaching your ear. Sound is transmitted as waveforms in the air and the measurement of the sound is the amplitude. A noise-canceling device can generate an inverted waveform to match a noise peak with a trough and vice versa. When combining the noise waveform and the inverted waveform their amplitude becomes zero and the noise feels like it is canceled.,open_qa Give me a list of the top 10 types of clouds,,"Cumulus, Stratus, Stratocumulus, Cirrus, Cirrocumulus, Cirrostratus, Cumulonimbus, Altocumulus, Nimbostratus, Altostratus,",brainstorming "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Scutosaurus, Yellowfin Tuna",,"Yellowfin Tuna is alive, Scutosaurus is extinct.",classification Where is Hesse's Demi Bastion,,"Hesse's Demi Bastion is a demi-bastion in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It is part of the Northern Defences of Gibraltar. The bastion forms a link in a chain of fortifications which ascend the lower north-west slopes of the Rock of Gibraltar, below the King's Lines Battery and Bombproof Battery. The Moorish Castle's Tower of Homage is at the top of the same incline. History It was originally the Baluado de S. Pedro (St. Peter's Bastion) during the Spanish period prior to the Capture of Gibraltar in 1704 under Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt, after whom the bastion is named. The old Spanish bastion was rebuilt and renamed by the British in 1730. In 1762, during the Seven Years' War, it was armed with two 18-pdrs and four 4-pdrs to flank the ditch in front of the Landport Gate. By 1885 the bastion's guns were all 32-pdrs.",open_qa "What is ""woke"" and why is it so controversial?",,"Woke is a general political term used to group a set of similar ideologies in an attempt to characterize the political motivations typically ascribed to the far left. Although many definitions of woke exist, these definitions run along a few common threads. Woke is typically used to describe the ideals underpinning what is known as equality of outcome. This is to be contrasted with the opposing political forces who support equality of opportunity. Those who engage in wokeness more often than not cite disparities as evidence of systemic biases or expressions of racism, sexism, classism, genderism, agism and other prejudices. A common example would be that females are disproportionately represented in elementary school teaching whereas males are disproportionately represented in railroad construction. Woke politics would lead us to believe that this is evidence of sexism: women and men are socialized differently so they are pushed into different positions by institutions. Woke opponents would lead us to believe this is evidence of inate preferences different between the sexes: males are generally stronger than females, so men are more suited to performing heavy labor. Wokeness is controversial because its opponents do not believe disparity is evidence of bias. Disparities can exist due to natural or cultural differences, neither of which can be governed out of existence. The opponents of woke ideology also proclaim that it ignores the root cause of problems which plague society. If one's analysis stops at disparity and from disparity an answer is assumed, one can miss the nuances present in a situation. A common unavoidable disparity cited is that 100% of births are to females, but this is not sexism. Analysis past disparity is required to prove or disprove systemic or individual bias.",open_qa "If each client was served by the same number of professionals, how many professionals (round to one decimal place) would each client be served by?","RGP, formerly known as Resources Global Professionals, is the operating arm of Resources Connection, Inc. (NASDAQ:RGP). The company provides consulting services in the areas of finance & accounting; information management; governance, risk & compliance (GRC); human capital; legal & regulatory; corporate advisory & restructuring; strategic communications; and supply chain management. As of fiscal year ending May 28, 2016, the company employed 3,283 professionals in 68 offices in 20 countries around the world. The company reported serving over 1,700 clients. Company headquarters are located in Irvine, CA.","3283 professionals and 1700 clients, so 3283/1700 = 1.9 professionals serving each client.",closed_qa "Based on the text below, how would you explain Archimedes’ principle to a 10 years old child, using the example of an object immersed in water?","Any object, totally or partially immersed in a fluid or liquid, is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Archimedes' principle allows the buoyancy of any floating object partially or fully immersed in a fluid to be calculated. The downward force on the object is simply its weight. The upward, or buoyant, force on the object is that stated by Archimedes' principle above. Thus, the net force on the object is the difference between the magnitudes of the buoyant force and its weight. If this net force is positive, the object rises; if negative, the object sinks; and if zero, the object is neutrally buoyant—that is, it remains in place without either rising or sinking. In simple words, Archimedes' principle states that, when a body is partially or completely immersed in a fluid, it experiences an apparent loss in weight that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the immersed part of the body(s). Consider a cuboid immersed in a fluid, its top and bottom faces orthogonal to the direction of gravity (assumed constant across the cube's stretch). The fluid will exert a normal force on each face, but only the normal forces on top and bottom will contribute to buoyancy. The pressure difference between the bottom and the top face is directly proportional to the height (difference in depth of submersion). Multiplying the pressure difference by the area of a face gives a net force on the cuboid ⁠ ⁠—  the buoyancy ⁠ ⁠—  equaling in size the weight of the fluid displaced by the cuboid. By summing up sufficiently many arbitrarily small cuboids this reasoning may be extended to irregular shapes, and so, whatever the shape of the submerged body, the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid. weight of displaced fluid = weight of object in vacuum − weight of object in fluid The weight of the displaced fluid is directly proportional to the volume of the displaced fluid (if the surrounding fluid is of uniform density). The weight of the object in the fluid is reduced, because of the force acting on it, which is called upthrust. In simple terms, the principle states that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object, or the density of the fluid multiplied by the submerged volume times the gravity.","When you immerse an object under water, it pushes the water away in order to take its place. The water wants to get back to where it was before and pushes the object away, towards the surface. Then it depends what is the weight of the object, compared with how much water was moved. Imagine you could put your object on one side of a balance, and on the other side, you would duplicate your object and transform it into water (representing how much water is moved if you were to plunge put your object under water). If your original object is lighter than its equivalent in water, like a bubble for example, or a balloon, the water will be strong enough to have the object to float. If the object is heavier than its equivalent water, like a bowling ball, or a rock, the water will not be able to push hard enough, and the object will sink.",summarization "Classify each of the following as either a deciduous or evergreen tree: Oak, Pine, Spruce, Maple, Fir, Elm",,"Deciduous trees include Oak, Maple, and Elm. Evergreen trees include Pine, Spruce, and Fir.",classification What countries have won the rugby world cup?,"The most important competition in rugby union is the Rugby World Cup, a men's tournament that has taken place every four years since the inaugural event in 1987. South Africa are the reigning champions, having defeated England in the final of the 2019 Rugby World Cup in Yokohama. New Zealand and South Africa have each won the title three times (New Zealand: 1987, 2011, 2015; South Africa: 1995, 2007, 2019), Australia have won twice (1991 and 1999), and England once (2003). England is the only team from the Northern Hemisphere to have won the Rugby World Cup.","- New Zealand - Australia - South Africa - England",information_extraction "In golf, what is the proper technique when hitting a bunker shot? Assume the bunker is green adjacent.",,"If the bunker is near the pin, use your sand-wedge. Also, ensure you properly examined the green, to understand its shape and slope. Combine this with an understanding of your own skill levels to make a decision on where you wish the ball to land. For example, the more skilled you are at these shots, the more precise a location you can identify. Conversely, the less skilled you are, the less precise you can be in your chosen location, and consequently the more you need to consider a range of potential directions. In those latter cases, it is best to aim towards the middle of the green rather than the exact placement of the pin. Once you've made a decision on location, go up to your ball in the bunker. (Pro-tip: don't forget to bring the rake with you). Choose an open stance, where your legs are aiming roughly 45 degrees more to the left of the selected landing location. If you're left-handed, the reverse is true, and your legs are aiming to the right of the intended direction/location. Dig your shoes roughly an inch into the sand, to get a solid footing. Next, bring your club face down to the ball, without actually touching the sand (it is not legal to make contact with the sand prior to contact with the ball). Open the club face so that it aims towards the intended location. Look one more time at the intended direction, then look down at the ball, and commence your backswing. The plane of your backswing should be out, inline with the direction of your legs, and roughly three quarters the length of a full swing. Firmly and confidently accelerate in your downswing, and aim to make contact with the sand roughly half an inch behind the ball. The sand between the ball and the club head will blunt some of the force from the swing, thereby reducing ball travel distance, while still conveying spin. A well hit shot can cause the ball to land on the green and immediately stop, possibly even moving back in the direction of the player. The force in the downswing, combined with the amount of sand caught by the club head, are significant contributors to the amount of backspin on the ball. Once you're done. rake up your marks as you exit the bunker, leaving no trace that you were ever there.",creative_writing How many Harry Potter books are there?,,"You have 7 books, The philosophers stone, the chamber of secrets, prisoners of azkaban, goblet of fire, order of the phoenix, the halfblood prince, the deathly hallows.",open_qa What were the key points of the Treaty of Versailles?,"The most critical and controversial provision in the treaty was: ""The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies."" The other members of the Central Powers signed treaties containing similar articles. This article, Article 231, became known as the War Guilt clause. The treaty required Germany to disarm, make ample territorial concessions, and pay reparations to certain countries that had formed the Entente powers. In 1921 the total cost of these reparations was assessed at 132 billion gold marks (then $31.4 billion or £6.6 billion, roughly equivalent to US$442 billion or UK£284 billion in 2023). Because of the way the deal was structured, the Allied Powers intended Germany would only ever pay a value of 50 billion marks.",The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty to end World War I. The critical point in the treaty between the Germans and the Allied powers was that Germany accepted full responsibility for the loss and damage incurred to the Allies. Germany was required to disarm and pay reparations estimated at $31.4 billion in 1921.,summarization What was Goff's best game mentioned in the text?,"In the season-opener against the Philadelphia Eagles, Goff threw for 215 yards and two touchdowns, but threw an interception returned for a touchdown as the Lions narrowly lost by a score of 38–35. In the next game against the Washington Commanders, he threw for 256 yards and four touchdowns in a 36–27 victory. In the Week 2 game against Washington, Goff produced his sixth straight home game with two or more passing touchdowns, establishing a Lions franchise record. On October 2, Goff again threw four touchdowns passes, and this time added a tenure-high 378 passing yards during a 48–45 loss to the Seattle Seahawks. Goff finished his second season with the Lions with 4,438 yards, 29 touchdowns, and seven interceptions, starting in all 17 games. Goff was named to his third Pro Bowl as an alternative, replacing Super Bowl bound Jalen Hurts.","Goff's best game mentioned in the text was on October 2 when he threw four touchdowns passes, and added a tenure-high 378 passing yards during a 48–45 loss to the Seattle Seahawks. Goff played another good game against the Washington Commanders, when he threw for 256 yards and four touchdowns in a 36–27 victory, but this performance wasn't as good as the game against the Seahawks because he threw for fewer yards even though he threw for the same amount of touchdowns. Note that the text is also missing information that would be useful in judging Goff's performance such as QBR, completion percentage, etc.",closed_qa What should I get my wife for mother's day?,,"Mother's day is a great opportunity for a thoughtful gift. If she has a car, getting her car washed can be a nice surprise. You can pair that with a nice meal out, but instead of having her pick the place, give two or three suggestions and let her choose. If she often plans the meals, asking her to just pick the places without options is shifting the cognitive load to her and not a gift if she already plans the meals daily. If you would a gift to wrap and are not sure what she would like, this is where you can phone a friend or female family member and see if they have any suggestions for gifts. If none of these work for you, go to a store that she likes and around mother's days most stores will have items marketed as mother's day gifts. If that is still too much, Amazon will have holiday specific gifts and you can include gift wrapping on check out.",brainstorming Name some celebrities who have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.,,"Jack Osbourne, Selma Blair, Jason DaSilva, Richard Pryor",open_qa "Tell me whether those are countries or cities: Paris, Amsterdam, South Africa, Australia, Vienna, Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, Argentina",,"Paris, Amsterdam and Vienna are cities. South Africa, Australia, Malaysia, Brunei and Argentina are countries. Singapore is actually both a city and a country.",classification "Give this paragraph about the Alley Cats a capella group, what famous talk show hosts have they performed for?","The group originated in 1987, when a concert choir program was having a variety night occurring at Fullerton College. When John Tebay, the choir director, suggested that Andre Peek (1st tenor and lead vocalist at that time) and Armando Fonseca (2nd tenor) perform together, both of them decided to take Mr. Tebays advice and form a quartet, an a cappella group. Two additional members along the way, Royce Reynolds (bass) and Todd Dixon (baritone)got together and the foursome gained notice. Since then The Alley Cats have performed for many audiences, ranging from elementary school fun nights to being Grand.prize.winners on the Gong Show. Performing on the Arsenio Hall show to The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, as well as opening for Leno at his Las Vegas shows. The Alley Cats's sound has been heard as well at The White House. The Alley Cats appeared in the Richard Simmons workout video Dance Your Pants Off! performed the song Celebration.",Jay Leno and Arsenio Hall,closed_qa List some of the most common types of sushi?,,"nigiri, makizushi, chirashi, inari, sashimi, oshizushi",brainstorming What does the Gini coefficient measure?,"In economics, the Gini coefficient, also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality or the wealth inequality or the consumption inequality within a nation or a social group. It was developed by statistician and sociologist Corrado Gini. The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution, such as levels of income. A Gini coefficient of 0 reflects perfect equality, where all income or wealth values are the same, while a Gini coefficient of 1 (or 100%) reflects maximal inequality among values. For example, if everyone has the same income, the Gini coefficient will be 0. In contrast, a Gini coefficient of 1 indicates that within a group of people, a single individual has all the income or consumption, while all others have none. The Gini coefficient was proposed by Corrado Gini as a measure of inequality of income or wealth. For OECD countries, in the late 20th century, considering the effect of taxes and transfer payments, the income Gini coefficient ranged between 0.24 and 0.49, with Slovenia being the lowest and Mexico the highest. African countries had the highest pre-tax Gini coefficients in 2008–2009, with South Africa having the world's highest, estimated to be 0.63 to 0.7, although this figure drops to 0.52 after social assistance is taken into account, and drops again to 0.47 after taxation. The global income Gini coefficient in 2005 has been estimated to be between 0.61 and 0.68 by various sources.","The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution, such as levels of income.",summarization What are the other examples of Colour Revolutions?,,"Orange Revolution(in Ukraine between 2004 & 2005, Tulip Revolution(in Kyrgyzstan in 2005), Jasmine Revolution(in Tunisia in 2010-11)",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the difference in caffeine between a light roast and a dark roast.","Sucrose is rapidly lost during the roasting process, and may disappear entirely in darker roasts. During roasting, aromatic oils and acids weaken, changing the flavor; at 205 °C (401 °F), other oils start to develop. One of these oils, caffeol, is created at about 200 °C (392 °F), which is largely responsible for coffee's aroma and flavor. The difference of caffeine content between a light roast and a dark roast is only about 0.1%.",Light roasts and dark roasts differ in caffeine content by about 0.1%.,closed_qa What are some different snacks I could bring to a kids' soccer game?,,"You could bring orange slices, juice boxes, trail mix, peanut butter and apples, granola bars or cheese sticks",brainstorming "Which of these are Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Leonardo, Guido, Shredder, Luca, Enzo, Maximiliano, Giulia, Donatello, Raphael, Diego, Pedro, Michelangelo, John",,"The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are Leonardo, Raphael, Michelangelo, and Donatello. Guido, Shredder, Luca, Enzo, Maximiliano, Giulia, Diego, Pedro, and John are not Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.",classification What are the top three cloud providers.,,"- AWS - Microsoft Azure - Google Cloud Platform (GCP)",brainstorming Greta Thunberg is a Swedish Environmental activist has donated the Prize money of 1 million Euros for what cause?,,Environment and climate change,open_qa "Classify each country as Nordic or Iberian: Spain, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Portugal",,"Spain: Iberian Norway: Nordic Sweden: Nordic Denmark: Nordic Portugal: Iberian",classification "In the x86-64 architecture, how can the operating system specify which pages cannot contain executable code?","The No-Execute bit or NX bit (bit 63 of the page table entry) allows the operating system to specify which pages of virtual address space can contain executable code and which cannot. An attempt to execute code from a page tagged ""no execute"" will result in a memory access violation, similar to an attempt to write to a read-only page. This should make it more difficult for malicious code to take control of the system via ""buffer overrun"" or ""unchecked buffer"" attacks. A similar feature has been available on x86 processors since the 80286 as an attribute of segment descriptors; however, this works only on an entire segment at a time.","The operating system can tag a page of virtual address space with the No-Execute or NX bit, which is bit 63 of the page table entry.",information_extraction "Please, give me a short bullet list of main ingredients and procedure in order to cook risotto.","There are many different risotto recipes with different ingredients, but they are all based on rice of an appropriate variety, cooked in a standard procedure. Risotto, unlike other rice dishes, requires constant care and attention. The rice is not to be pre-rinsed, boiled, or drained, as washing would remove much of the starch required for a creamy texture. The rice is first cooked briefly in a soffritto of onion and butter or olive oil to coat each grain in a film of fat, called tostatura; white wine is added and must be absorbed by the grains. When it has been absorbed, the heat is raised to medium-high, and boiling stock is gradually added in small amounts while stirring constantly. The constant stirring, with only a small amount of liquid present, forces the grains to rub against each other and release the starch from the outside of the grains into the surrounding liquid, creating a smooth creamy-textured mass. When the rice is cooked the pot is taken off the heat for mantecatura, vigorously beating in refrigerated balls of grated parmesan cheese and butter, to make the texture as creamy and smooth as possible. It may be removed from the heat a few minutes earlier and left to cook with its residual heat. Properly cooked risotto is rich and creamy even if no cream is added due to the starch in the grains. It has some resistance or bite (al dente) and separate grains. The traditional texture is fairly fluid, or all'onda (""wavy"" or ""flowing in waves""). It is served on flat dishes and should easily spread out but not have excess watery liquid around the perimeter. It must be eaten at once, as it continues to cook in its own heat, making the grains absorb all the liquid and become soft and dry","Risotto can be cooked with different recipes and ingredients, however the cooking procedure is standard and the basic ingredients are common in all recipes. - First of all rice is briefly cooked in a soffritto made with onions and butter but also olive oil can be used - This first phase is called tostatura and it’s important because it coats each rice grain with a film of fat - Then you need to add white wine until is absorbed by the grains - Raise then the heat to medium-high - Now you need to start adding boiling stock in small amounts while constantly stirring - When the rice is cooked take off the pot from the heat and vigorously beating in refrigerated balls of Parmesan cheese and butter",summarization "Determine if the following states are East or West of the Mississippi River: Michigan, Georgia, Virginia, Oregon, Colorado, New Jersey, Nebraska, Texas.",,"Michigan, Georgia, Virginia, and New Jersey are East of the Mississippi River. Texas, Nebraska, Oregon, and Colorado are West of the Mississippi.",classification what are the five pillars of migration or modernization from a legacy data warehouse to a modern lakehouse?,,"1. Architecture/infrastructure: Establish the deployment architecture and implement a security and governance framework. 2. Data migration: Map data structures and layout, complete a one-time load, and finalize an incremental load approach. 3.ETL and pipelines: Migrate data transformation and pipeline code, orchestration, and jobs in this phase. Speed up your migration by using automation tools and comparing your results with on-premises data and expected results. 4. Analytics: Repoint reports and analytics for business analytics and business outcomes. Reporting semantic layers and online analytics processing (OLAP) cubes should also repoint to the lakehouse via Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) and Java Database Connectivity (JDBC). 5. Data science/machine learning (ML): Establish connectivity to ML tools and onboard data science teams.",open_qa "Tell me which of the following cartoon characters are in Bluey: Chilli, Tom, Jerry, Bandit, Bluey, Peppa, Mickey, Scooby, Bingo, Chester.",,"Chilli, Bandit, Bluey and Bingo are characters that appear in Bluey. Tom, Jerry, Peppa, Mickey, Scooby and Chester appear in different shows other than Bluey.",classification What is the difference between electric guitar and acoustic guitar?,,"At a fundamental level, an Electric guitar produces sound through electricity, while Acoustic guitar produces sound through vibration by strumming the strings. The sound produced by an Acoustic guitar is fuller or more round, while the sound produced by an Electric guitar is more sharp and it can be amplified to make it louder.",open_qa "Group the following words into two categories, 'positive' or 'negative' based on the sentiment: efficient, helpful, slow, horrible, fantastic, disappointing, confusing, lovely, excellent.",,"These words are generally considered to have positive sentiment: lovely, fantastic, excellent, efficient, helpful. While these words are considered negative: horrible, disappointing, slow, confusing.",classification What is the popular TV show called where they send a number of people to a deserted island and they have to vote people off of the tribe?,,"The show is called Survivor, a reality-competition television franchise. Contestants are left somewhere in the world and they have to practice survival skills while also competing in challenges to make it to the final three to win a grand prize.",open_qa Describe a situation in which scraping data from the web may be justified. Illustrate this situation with a specific example.,,"I envisioned a business that tracks all the B2B digital partnerships (data connectors between apps). The B2B partnership data can be easily monetized with ads and can be a data source for content-generation activities like blogs, interactive charts, etc. An example of B2B partnership data is an app store or digital marketplace. (Example - https://ecosystem.hubspot.com/marketplace/apps/). HubSpot ecosystem has B2B partnerships with 600+ companies. A rich data set that tracks B2B partnership data must track thousands of companies' App Store or marketplace. For example, the company's marketplace data connectors include the HubSpot ecosystem, Salesforce app exchange, Google Cloud marketplace, Azure, and Dropbox connectors. The B2B data connectors for all the companies must be scrapped from the company's website and are not available via API or other methods.",creative_writing Given the paragraph is Strip the most famous hotel in Las Vegas?,"The Las Vegas Strip is a stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard South in Clark County, Nevada, that is known for its concentration of resort hotels and casinos. The Strip, as it is known, is about 4.2 mi (6.8 km) long, and is immediately south of the Las Vegas city limits in the unincorporated towns of Paradise and Winchester, but is often referred to simply as ""Las Vegas"". Many of the largest hotel, casino, and resort properties in the world are on the Strip, known for its contemporary architecture, lights, and wide variety of attractions. Its hotels, casinos, restaurants, residential high-rises, entertainment offerings, and skyline have established the Strip as one of the most popular and iconic tourist destinations in the world and is one of the driving forces for Las Vegas's economy. Most of the Strip has been designated as an All-American Road, and the North and South Las Vegas Strip routes are classified as Nevada Scenic Byways and National Scenic Byways.","The Strip is not a hotel in Las Vegas, but rather a 4.2-mile-long boulevard that is home to many of the city's largest hotels, casinos, and resort properties.",summarization Extract the family that Eudaronia is part of from the text.,"Eudaronia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Eudaroniidae within the superfamily Seguenzioidea.",Eudaroniidae,information_extraction Who explored New World?,,Christopher Columbus,open_qa What is the difference between a refractor telescope and a reflector telescope?,,A refractor telescope uses lenses to focus the light into an image where a reflector telescope uses mirrors. Reflector telescopes are generally better for visual viewing of brighter celestial objects like the moon or planets and can collect more light due to their larger apertures. Refractor telescopes provide better contrast and image quality but collect less light which makes them more suitable for astrophotography where exposure time can be adjusted to compensate.,open_qa Conceive a plot for a John Wick movie which includes redemption and closure,,"John Wick is a hitman who is plagued by his past and struggles to move on with his life. He eventually gets a chance to redeem himself when he takes on a new mission to complete a contract that he had been trying to fulfill for years. After completing the contract, he is offered a chance to join a secret society of assassins and he is finally given the closure he has been seeking.",creative_writing "Based on this passage, what was the first designated space to be established in Roche Percee called? Who established it and in what year?","In 1872 the Boundary Commission travelled through this area while surveying the border between Canada and the United States. During the 1874 March West trek of the North-West Mounted Police, the force established its first camp (called Short Creek Camp) at this location. The community began being served by the Soo Line in 1893, permitting the coal mines in the region to become operational. Roche Percée incorporated as a village on January 12, 1909.",The first established space was Short Creek Camp which was founded in 1874 by the North-West Mounted Police,closed_qa Write down four different things that can go in a salad,,"Lettuce, Carrots, Celery and Tomatoes can all go in a salad",brainstorming What is the best-selling book of all time?,,"According to Guinness World Records as of 1995, the Bible is the best-selling book of all time with an estimated 5 billion copies sold and distributed.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ghatam, Monochord",,"Monochord is string, Ghatam is percussion.",classification What is VCF?,,"Variant Call Format (VCF) is a file format used for storing and transferring genetic data. It is used for storing and comparing genetic data, and for representing genetic variants. VCF is a binary format that stores genetic data, including sequence data, variant data, and annotation data.",open_qa Extract the number of men and women living in the municipality of Paradela and list them using bullets in the format {men} - {number} and {woman} - {number) in a comma separated format.,"Paradela is a municipality in Lugo province in Galicia in north-west Spain. It is situated in the region of Sarria. There were 2,193 people living in Paradela as of 2008 (1,101 men and 1,092 women). It is known for the connection it has with the Way of St. James. The French route of such a way, ending in Santiago de Compostela, passes through five parishes of Paradela: Ferreiros, Francos, Laxe, Cortes and Loio.","{men} - {1,101}, {woman} - {1,092}",information_extraction What events are included in an Olympic Decathlon?,,"The Olympic Decathlon is comprised of the following 10 events: 1. 100-Meter Dash 2. Long Jump 3. Shot Put 4. High Jump 5. 400-Meter Dash 6. 110-Meter Hurdles 7. Discus Throw 8. Pole Vault 9. Javelin Throw 10. 1,500-Meter Run",open_qa what is the sunniest state in the US?,,"Arizona has always been known for its dry, arid climate. With an annual sunlight average of 5,755 kJ/m², it tops the sunniest states in the US.",open_qa How do you make soap?,,"Soap is made with a mixture of natural or organic oils, sodium hydroxide and distilled water. When making soap you need to mix a combination of light and heavy oils like olive and coconut oil and then mix it with sodium hydroxide and distilled water. After this mixture has been mixed well you poor it into soap molds and let it hard over the course of many weeks. This process called saponification is the time it takes for the sodium hydroxide to evaporate from the mixture which causes the soap to harden in he soap molds. Other options you have when making soap are to add essential oils, like lavender and grapefruit to give a nice scent to the soap. This has to be added prior to saponification.",open_qa "Classify each of the following as fluffy or hard: lamb, sheep, poodle, cement, stuffed animal, golf ball",,"Lamb: Fluffy Sheep: Fluffy Poodle: Fluffy Cement: Hard Stuffed Animal: Fluffy Golf Ball: Hard",classification In which years did the Women's England cricket team win the world cup,,"1973 1993 2009 2017",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Bassoon, Mandolin",,"Mandolin is string, Bassoon is woodwind.",classification What genres of music were popular in the late 1990s?,,"In the late 90s, there were a few dominant genres of popular music: boy bands and the so-called ""Latin Explosion."" Boy bands usually consisted of 5 members, each with a distinct ""look"" that's desirable to a range of (usually) teenage girl fans. Their songs were usually ""bubblegum pop"" or love songs, all with catchy hooks or choruses. Popular groups in the late 90s were the Backstreet Boys, *NSync, 98 Degrees, and O-Town. ""Latin Explosion"" artists were Hispanic/Latino or of Hispanic/Latino descent and the songs sometimes featured Spanish words or phrases, along with Latino beats in otherwise standard pop music arrangements. Some popular acts include Ricky Martin, Jennifer Lopez, Marc Anthony, and Enrique Igelsias.",open_qa Extract a comma separated list of places mentioned in this entry on the history of coffee,"The history of coffee dates back to centuries of old oral tradition in modern day Ethiopia. However, neither where coffee was first cultivated nor direct evidence of its consumption prior to the 15th century have been found. Sufi monasteries in Yemen employed coffee as an aid to concentration during prayers. Coffee later spread to the Levant and Persia in the early 16th century; it caused some controversy on whether it was halal in Ottoman and Mamluk society. Coffee arrived in Italy the second half of the 16th century through commercial Mediterranean trade routes, while Central and Eastern Europeans learnt of coffee from the Ottomans. By the mid 17th century, it had reached India and the East Indies. Coffeepot (cafetière ""campanienne""), part of a service, 1836, hard-paste porcelain, Metropolitan Museum of Art Coffee houses would establish themselves in Western Europe by the late 17th century, especially in England and Germany. One of the earliest cultivations of coffee in the New World was when Gabriel de Clieu brought coffee seedlings to Martinique in 1720. These beans later sprouted 18,680 coffee trees which enabled its spread to other Caribbean islands like Saint-Domingue and also to Mexico. By 1788, Saint-Domingue supplied half the world's coffee. By 1852, globally, Brazil became the largest producer of coffee and has held that status ever since. The period since 1950 saw the widening of the playing field due to the emergence of several other major producers, notably Colombia, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, and Vietnam; the latter overtook Colombia and became the second-largest producer in 1999. Modern production techniques along with the mass productization of coffee has made it a household item today.","Ethiopia, Yemen, the Levant, Persia, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, India, East Indies, Western Europe, England, Germany, Martinique, Saint-Domingue, Caribbean, Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Ivory Coast, Vietnam",information_extraction Where is Michael Phelps from?,,"Baltimore, Maryland",open_qa "Given this paragraph, who was the President of Mexico during the seige of Bexar?","The siege of Béxar (or Béjar) was an early campaign of the Texas Revolution in which a volunteer Texian army defeated Mexican forces at San Antonio de Béxar (now San Antonio, Texas). Texians had become disillusioned with the Mexican government as President and General Antonio López de Santa Anna's tenure became increasingly dictatorial. In early October 1835, Texas settlers gathered in Gonzales to stop Mexican troops from reclaiming a small cannon. The resulting skirmish, known as the Battle of Gonzales, launched the Texas Revolution. Men continued to assemble in Gonzales and soon established the Texian Army. Despite a lack of military training, well-respected local leader General Stephen F. Austin was elected commander.","Based on this text, during the seige of Bexar Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was the President of Mexico.",closed_qa When was the last financial crisis and what caused it?,,"The last financial crisis was from 2007-2008. It was dubbed the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) because it had severe worldwide economic impact. The Global Financial Crisis was caused by the predatory lending of low-income homebuyers, excessive risk-taking of Wall Street and the bursting of the United States hosing bubble.",open_qa "Classify each item in the list based on the following types of sport: team, individual, water, extreme. List to classify: soccer (football), basketball, tennis, baseball, American football, golf, cricket, swimming.",,"1. Soccer (football): team sport 2. Basketball: team sport 3. Tennis: individual or team sport 4. Baseball: team sport 5. American football: team sport 6. Golf: individual sport or team sport 7. Cricket: individual or team sport 8. Swimming: individual or team sport. It's also a water sport",classification what kinds of shoes are there?,,"The different kinds of shoes you can buy are running shoes, hiking shoes, steel toe boots, sandals, high heels, walking shoes, dress shoes, slippers, construction boots, etc. You should pick the pair of shoes you need based on the activity you will be engaging in. Using the right pair of shoes for the right job will keep you safe, less prone to injury, and make it easier and more enjoyable to do the activity you are doing.",open_qa "Given a reference text about Sintok, tell me where it is located.","Sintok is a small town Kubang Pasu District, Kedah, Malaysia. Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) is situated here. Sintok is located about 52 kilometres from Alor Setar City and about twelve kilometres from Changlun Town. Sintok is reachable via Kuala Perlis-Changlun-Sintok expressway and via a road from Padang Terap. History The name ""Sintok"" is taken from the name of a type of tree. The town was originally a remote settlement area for tin miners. However, due to its close proximity to the border of Malaysia-Thailand, Sintok was exposed to threats from the banned communist group. Hence, the government had to migrate all the original residents to a safer area, and declared the town are as a 'black area'. History recorded many killings of members of the security forces in the area. By mid 1980s, the federal and state government agreed on building a university in Sintok. The university was named Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), literally translated as ""Northern University of Malaysia"", and construction started in the late 1980s to replace the temporary campus in Bandar Baru Darul Aman, Jitra. As a memorial to the sacrifice by the security forces, a memorial structure was built in that UUM campus. A list of names of the members of the security forces that was killed by the communists was placed at this memorial structure. The establishment of UUM campus has expedited the growth of new settlements like Bandar Baru Sintok and Bukit Kachi which is located opposite of Sungai Badak Forest Reserve.",Sintok is located 12km from Changlu Town and 52km from Alor Setar City in Malaysia.,closed_qa What is the difference between laser cutting and 3D printing?,,"3D printing is an additive technique while laser cutting is subtractive. In a 3D printer, the material gets heated up and extruded through a nozzle, forming three-dimensional objects. In contrast, a laser cutter cuts two-dimensional plates. For this, a laser burns away parts of the material. Thus, laser cutting can only produce two-dimensional shapes. However, it is much faster than 3D printing.",open_qa "Classify each of the following as either cities in Europe or in the United States: Sevilla, Boston, Miami, Dallas, New York, Paris, Frankfurt, Seattle, Milan",,"Sevilla, Paris, Frankfurt and Milan are cities in Europe. Boston, Miami, Dallas, New York and Seattle are cities in the United States.",classification "From the passage provided, extract the length and width of tennis court in metres.","Tennis is played on a rectangular, flat surface. The court is 78 feet (23.77 m) long, and 27 feet (8.2 m) wide for singles matches and 36 ft (11 m) for doubles matches. Additional clear space around the court is required in order for players to reach overrun balls. A net is stretched across the full width of the court, parallel with the baselines, dividing it into two equal ends. It is held up by either a cord or metal cable of diameter no greater than 0.8 cm (1⁄3 in). The net is 3 feet 6 inches (1.07 m) high at the posts and 3 feet (0.91 m) high in the centre. The net posts are 3 feet (0.91 m) outside the doubles court on each side or, for a singles net, 3 feet (0.91 m) outside the singles court on each side.","Length : 23.77 m Width: 8.2 m",information_extraction Jokic or Embiid for the MVP?,,I would give the MVP award to Nikola Jokic.,open_qa Who created the musical genre metal?,,"The creation of metal is often attributed to the band Black Sabbath. Specifically, the feel and sound of metal come from their guitarist, Tony Iommi. War Pigs is a great song of theirs which shows the feel and sound of early metal. Fans of metal are often referred to as metalheads. Though its appearance and lyrics can be dark, metal actually has some of the more happiest fans of any musical genres. There have been studies on this proving this to be true; often citing the catharsis that is achieved via the expression of negative emotion.",open_qa What happens if I let go of a helium balloon?,,"Because helium is lighter than air, a helium balloon will float upwards if you let go of it.",open_qa What is the relationship between interest rates and the economy?,,"Central banks typically adjust interest rates as a way to influence inflation and economic growth. When a country is experiencing high rates of inflation, its central bank will typically increase the interest rate which will increase the cost of credit and therefore reduce economic demand and consumption. Reduced demand will lead to reduced prices and less inflation. When a country is experiencing deflation, the central bank will typically decrease interest rates to reduce cost of credit and increase consumption. Central banks must be careful with interest rates. High interest rates for a sustained period of time can lead to a recession. Whereas, low interest rates for a sustained period of time can lead to hyperinflation and an overheated economy.",open_qa Describe how you planned a father and son high school senior trip,,"My son and I, embarked on a biking trip from San Francisco to LA right before my son's college applications and essays were due. To start our journey, we rented a truck and transported our bikes from LA to San Francisco. We returned the truck in San Francisco and started our journet on our bikes. Our trip took eight days and was full of adventure and unexpected twists and turns. We had to stay in motels and camp sites along the way and endure biking many uphill miles. Our meals tasted the best after a lenghty daily travel, and the most enjoyable was the deep conversations we had without interruption of phone or social media. I shared my never spoken before youth experiences growing up in Iran. He seemed delighted to be hearing my experience and taking a mental note every step of the way. Upon reflecting on our trip, we encountered numerous challenges. We lost our way for several miles, and to compound our predicament, our bikes broke down along the way. In addition, we were cited by the police for riding our bikes on the freeway and physically assaulted. Despite all these setbacks, we pushed ourselves to ride up to 80 miles each day. Even to this day, my son frequently recalls our trip and how it brought us closer together. He also acknowledges the spiritual growth that we experienced as a result of the journey. He was accpeted as the only two students to Berkely and many months later I asked him what set him apart from all A's students which he then responded my colledge essay and our SF biking trip.",creative_writing "Tell me which muscle the following exercises help build: bench press, dips, dumbbell curls, deadlift, and squat.",,"Bench press and dips exercises build muscles around chest and triceps areas. Dumbbell curls target biceps. Deadlifts target both back and core muscles as well as your glutes and hamstrings. Finally, squats target quads, hamstrings, glutes and core muscles.",classification "Given this paragraph about different types of eyes, how are eye types categorized and why?","There are ten different eye layouts—indeed every technological method of capturing an optical image commonly used by human beings, with the exceptions of zoom and Fresnel lenses, occur in nature. Eye types can be categorised into ""simple eyes"", with one concave photoreceptive surface, and ""compound eyes"", which comprise a number of individual lenses laid out on a convex surface. Note that ""simple"" does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity. Indeed, any eye type can be adapted for almost any behaviour or environment. The only limitations specific to eye types are that of resolution—the physics of compound eyes prevents them from achieving a resolution better than 1°. Also, superposition eyes can achieve greater sensitivity than apposition eyes, so are better suited to dark-dwelling creatures. Eyes also fall into two groups on the basis of their photoreceptor's cellular construction, with the photoreceptor cells either being cilliated (as in the vertebrates) or rhabdomeric. These two groups are not monophyletic; the cnidaria also possess cilliated cells, and some gastropods, as well as some annelids possess both. Some organisms have photosensitive cells that do nothing but detect whether the surroundings are light or dark, which is sufficient for the entrainment of circadian rhythms. These are not considered eyes because they lack enough structure to be considered an organ, and do not produce an image.","Eyes are categorized into two types, ""simple eyes"" and ""compound eyes"". In this case, ""simple eyes"" do not mean that they have reduced complexity or acuity, but rather that they have one concave photoreceptive surface. This is in contrast to ""compound eyes"" which are comprised of a number of individual lenses on a convex surface. In other words, eyes fall into two groups based on their photoreceptor's cellular construction either being cilliated (as in the vertebrates) or rhabdomeric.",closed_qa "Classify each of the following animals based on whether they are suitable for being pets: elephant, fish, lion, dog, cat, mosquito, whale.",,"Suitable as a pet: fish, dog, cat Not suitable as a pet: elephant, lion, mosquito, whale",classification Did automobiles exist prior to the invention of the ICE (internal combustion engine)?,"Development of the automobile started in 1672 with the invention of the first steam-powered vehicle, which led to the creation of the first steam-powered automobile capable of human transportation, built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot in 1769. Inventors began to branch out at the start of the 19th century, creating the de Rivas engine, one of the first internal combustion engines, and an early electric motor. Samuel Brown later tested the first industrially applied internal combustion engine in 1826.","The first engines that were capable of enabling human transportation were steam powered engines. While the development of steam powered vehicles capable of enabling human transportation was initiated in 1672, the first actual steam powered automobile was built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot in 1769.",summarization "Given a reference text about S26, tell me where it begins and ends.","S26 is a line on the Berlin S-Bahn. It runs from Teltow in the district (Kreis) of Potsdam-Mittelmark via Südkreuz, through the Berlin Nord-Süd Tunnel with a stop at Friedrichstraße, and ends in Waidmannslust in the borough of Reinickendorf. On weekends the S26 runs from Teltow to Potsdamer Platz. Trains on this line run every 20 minutes. This interval is in sections shortened to a 10-minute interval by the S25. There is no night service on this line.",S26 begins in Tetlow and ends in Waidmannslust.,closed_qa "What is the first letter of every sentence, separated by commas?","YouTube has been led by a CEO since its founding in 2005, and has retained this leadership model even after its acquisition by Google. The current CEO is Neal Mohan, who was appointed on February 16, 2023.","Y,T",information_extraction What's the difference between a turnover and a turnover on downs in the sport of American Football?,,"A turnover is when the offensive team, the team with possession of the football, loses possession of the football during play. This generally occurs in two ways: the defense intercepting a pass or recovering a fumble. A turnover on downs occurs only on the fourth and last down of a set of downs; the offense attempts to gain the yardage required to be given a new set of downs but fails to do so by means other than the defense's takeaway, such as an incomplete pass, or the ball carrier being tackled short of the line to gain.",open_qa What are all the name the country Singapore had been referred as in this text?,"The English name of ""Singapore"" is an anglicisation of the native Malay name for the country, Singapura (pronounced [siŋapura]), which was in turn derived from the Sanskrit word for ""lion city"" (Sanskrit: सिंहपुर; romanised: Siṃhapura; Brahmi: 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳𑀧𑀼𑀭; literally ""lion city""; siṃha means ""lion"", pura means ""city"" or ""fortress""). A Chinese account from the third century referred to a place as Pú Luó Zhōng (Chinese: 蒲 羅 中), which sounds like Malay for ""island at the end of a peninsula."" Early references to the name Temasek (or Tumasik) are found in the Nagarakretagama, a Javanese eulogy written in 1365, and a Vietnamese source from the same time period. The name possibly means ""Sea Town"", being derived from the Malay tasek, meaning ""sea"" or ""lake"". The Chinese traveller Wang Dayuan visited a place around 1330 named Danmaxi (Chinese: 淡馬錫; pinyin: Dànmǎxí; Wade–Giles: Tan Ma Hsi) or Tam ma siak, depending on pronunciation. Danmaxi may be a transcription of Temasek, alternatively, it may be a combination of the Malay Tanah meaning ""land"" and Chinese Xi meaning ""tin,"" which was traded on the island.","The text refers to Singapore with the following names: Singapore, Singapura, Lion City, Pú Luó Zhōng, Island at the end of a peninsula, Temasek, Tumasik, Sea Town, Danmaxi, Tam ma siak.",information_extraction "Classify each of these as either motorcycle brands or car brands: Maruti Suzuki, Ducati, Triumph, Royal Enfield, Harley Davidson, Mahindra, Tata, Skoda, Honda, Toyota, Hero, TVS, Yamaha, Suzuki, Kawasaki, Volkswagen, Ferrari, Lamborgini, Volvo, Rolls royce, Bajaj, Kia, Hyundai, Ford, Chevrolet, Crystler, Fiat, Hummer, Citreon, KTM",,"Motorcycle brands : Ducati, Triumph, Royal Enfield, Harley Davidson, TVS, Yamaha, Suzuki, Kawasaki,Bajaj,KTM, Hero, Honda Car Brands: Maruti Suzuki, Mahindra, Tata, Skoda, Honda, Toyota,Volkswagen, Ferrari, Lamborgini, Volvo, Rolls royce,Kia, Hyundai, Ford, Chevrolet, Crystler, Fiat, Hummer, Citreon",classification Do you know any other languages besides english?can you name colors in ARABIC?,,"yes , i could speak a little bit of ARABIC and a few other languages aswell here are the colors in ARABIC along with its english spelling aswell أبيض abyad. أسود aswad. أحمر ahmar. أصفر asfar. أخضر akhdar. أزرق azraq. بنى bunni. برتقالى burtuqali. orange",classification Define unemployment and how it is expressed in most countries.,,"Percentage of total workforce who are unemployed and are actively seeking a paid job. Unemployment rate (# of unemployed / # in labor force) = % Unemployment rate is one of the most closely watched statistics because a rising rate is seen as a sign of weakening economy that may call for cut in interest rate. A falling rate, similarly, indicates a growing economy which is usually accompanied by higher inflation rate and may call for increase in interest rates.",open_qa Describe a tense scene of a dystopian future where a human in a laboratory is attempting to transform her body into a cyborg.,,"Quo stands in the center of her laboratory, surrounded by a maze of high-tech machinery and computer screens. The walls are lined with mechanical arms and robotic limbs, each designed to assist her in her work. In the center of the room, a large table holds a variety of instruments and tools, all of which Quo wields with practiced precision. She's plugged into a complex system of wires and cables, her body convulsing as she screams in agony. The air is thick with the sound of machines whirring and gears grinding as Quo works feverishly to transform herself. In the background, a large screen displays a series of intricate diagrams and schematics, each one representing a different aspect of her transformation. Despite the pain and suffering, Quo's eyes burn with fierce determination as she pushes herself to the brink of what is possible.",creative_writing "Classify each of the following as supercar or hypercar: Lamborghini Huracán, Ferrari 488GTB, Aston Martin Vantage, or Bugatti Veryron.",,"The Lamborghini Huracán is a supercar, the Ferrari 488GTB is a supercar, the Aston Martin Vantage is a supercar, and the Bugatti Veryron is a hypercar.",classification What entree is associated with American Thanksgiving?,,The traditional main meal for an American Thanksgiving is a Turkey,open_qa How is Robert Lugn's leadership characterized?,"Lugn was promoted to lieutenant in 1950 and attended the Royal Swedish Army Staff College in from 1955 to 1957 and conducted military studies in Germany, Belgium and The Netherlands in 1956. He became captain of the General Staff Corps in 1960 and was appointed section chief in the Organisation Department of the Army Staff. Lugn conducted military studies in Norway in 1961. In 1965, Lugn served in the Swedish Battalion in Cyprus, part of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) and in 1966 he was promoted to major of the General Staff Corps. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the General Staff Corps in 1968 and served in Göta Life Guards (P 1) in 1970. In 1972, Lugn was promoted to colonel of the General Staff Corps and appointed section chief in the Army Staff. From 1975 to 1977, he served as acting regimental commander of Hälsinge Regiment (I 14) and Gävleborg Defence District (Gävleborgs försvarsområde, Fo 49) when he was promoted to senior colonel and was appointed Chief of Staff of the Western Military District. Lugn was promoted to major general and appointed Chief of the Army Staff and Chief of the General Staff Corps in 1979. As Chief of the Army Staff, he led the difficult balancing work between quality and quantity in the conscript army within the given financial framework. His written instructions to the staff were marked by a good pen. They expressed his enduring interest in quality in the army's war organization. Lugn's interaction with the staff members was characterized by consideration pairing with great humor. His laid-back leadership style created a good atmosphere that eased employees' sometimes heavy workload. Lugn then served as Chief of Home Guard from 1 October 1983. As Chief of Home Guard, Lugn made radical changes to the Home Guard. He got the servicemen to accept that they belonged to an army unit and introduced military training to all servicemen. It was revolutionary for the Home Guard, which until then admittedly received weapons training but very little unit training. Now the servicemen were trained in groups and also in working platoons and the training included all the elements that a soldier needs to be able to have. He also made sure that the platoons got heavier weapons such as machine guns and recoilless rifles. Lugn also took hold of the higher education of the commander and introduced a higher education of circuit Home Guard commanders, which led to competence as battalion commander. Lugn served as Chief of Home Guard until his retirement on 1 March 1988.","Major General Per Erick Robert Lugn leadership carried a laid back leadership style that ultimately created a good atmosphere, specially easing the workload of the staff members.",summarization What were the Gorgons of Greek mythology?,,"Gorgons, female monsters depicted as having snakes on their head instead of hair, and sometimes described as having tusks, wings, and brazen claws. - Euryale, whose scream could kill. - Medusa, whose gaze could turn anyone to stone, was killed by Perseus. - Stheno, the third gorgon sister.",brainstorming "What are hoagies, or sub sandwiches called in the state of Rhode Island?",,"In the state of Rhode Island, these types of sandwiches are called grinders.",open_qa What is the Gospel in the context of the Christian faith?,,"The Gospel is the foundation of the Christian faith and is detailed in Bible through the account of Jesus Christ's birth, earthly ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection. The core tenant of the Gospel is the separation of sinful people from a holy God. This sin required a perfect sacrifice for people to be brought back into relationship with God and entry to heaven. Jesus lived the perfect life that people could never live on their own, and died as a living sacrifice on our behalf. Now, whoever places their faith in Jesus as a free gift of grace is brought into right relationship with God and is considered to be saved, or born again.",open_qa "Give a numbered list of instructions to set up a snowboard. The items I can use are a snowboard, snowboard bindings, a screwdriver, screws, and a measuring tape.",,"1. Figure out your reference stance, or how far apart your feet will be when riding the snowboard. This should be a comfortable position that is generally a bit wider than shoulder-width. 2. Using the measuring tape, measure the reference stance distance between the mounting holes of both feet. Start from the mounting holes in the center of each foot on the snowboard and expand out until the proper width is measured. 3. Align your snowboard bindings on the identified mounting holes. You may first consider adjusting the angle of your snowboard bindings, this can be done by rotating the baseplate of the binding. 4. Using the screwdriver and screws, screw in the snowboard bindings at the chosen angle and at the chosen mounting position. Make sure the bindings are tight.",creative_writing Can I make chocolate at home?,,"Making chocolate at home can be rewarding, but be prepared to spend a little money and a lot of time. The money goes to equipment and cocoa beans. For equipment, you will need a melanger (about $600) to grind the beans and a tempering machine (about $400) to make the finished product. You will also need a silicone mat (about $20) and a hair dryer (about $30). But let's start at the beginning. Buy between two and six pounds of fermented raw cocoa beans. There are a variety of retail importers you can find on the web. Choose a single variety or a blend that appeals to your taste in chocolate. Sort the beans, removing broken beans, badly misshapen beans, and whatever foreign bodies may be present. Roast the beans, two pounds at a time, at 350F for between 20 and 30 minutes, depending on your experience with the beans or by how they smell. They will smell like fresh brownies. Don't scorch them! Let the beans cool. Peel the beans. You can do this by hand - which I find produces a superior product - but be warned that this can take up to 6 hours per pound. Alternatively, you can purchase a winnower and use the hair dryer to blow out the skins. This approach is much faster, but leaves more skin and loses more bean fragments. Either way, weigh your final bean yield. Get you melanger going. Use the hair dryer to get the grinding surfaces up to at least 120F. Add the beans a handful at a time. Help the melanger along if it gets stuck. Make sure the melanger is going steadily before leaving it unattended. When it gets going, it will flow well. Run the melanger for 24 to 72 hours, again depending on your experience with the beans and your tastes. If trying a mix of beans, add the more robustly flavored beans early in the process and the more delicately flavored beans later. Give even the most delicate beans at least 8 hours. Add sugar to taste. The percentage of sugar by weight can vary from a few percent up to 30 percent. You may also add dried whole fat milk at this point, and other flavorings, like an inch or so of vanilla bean. Melange the sugar and other additives at least 8 more hours. The goal is to decrease the particle size below what can be detected by the tongue. When done, decant into a silicone mat line baking pan. This is your untempered chocolate. it melts easily and tends to get crumbly as it ages. Which is why you will want to temper it. Finally, follow the directions on your tempering machine, adding chunks of untempered chocolate as indicated. The liquid tempered chocolate can be used for fruit dipping or can be poured into molds for bars or shaped candies. Other additives can be included at this stage - nuts, nougat etc. Cool the results at room temperature for several hours before serving. Enjoy the results of your labor.",creative_writing "According to the paragraph below, what is the relationship between Dungeon Master and Venger?","Throughout the series, a connection is suggested between Dungeon Master and Venger. At the end of the episode ""The Dragon's Graveyard"", Dungeon Master calls Venger ""my son"". The final unproduced episode ""Requiem"" would have confirmed that Venger is the Dungeon Master's corrupted son (making Kareena the sister of Venger and the daughter of Dungeon Master), redeemed Venger (giving those trapped in the realm their freedom), and ended on a cliffhanger where the six children could finally return home or deal with evil that still existed in the realm.",Venger is Dungeon Master's son.,information_extraction How is plastic made?,,"Plastic is made from oil, natural gas and even plant oils during refining of these oils into other products like gasoline. Ethane and propane are created when treated with heat during a refinery process called cracking. This turns the Ethane and propane into ethylene and propylene which are used with other chemical ingredients to create polymers that are the base of what plastic is made out of.",open_qa Should the US government pay reparations?,,"Due to potential issues regarding responsibility, distribution, and cost, the U.S. Government should not award monetary reparations to the descendants of slaves. Wether or not the current government is ultimately responsible for the treatment of slaves, providing reparations, or monetary repayment for the government’s transgressions towards slaves, for the descendants of slaves may not be the most practical of beneficial solution. Instead, the government should focus on funding schooling, medicare, and communities of disadvantaged people of color. A major flaw in the distribution of monetary reparations is determining which individuals or communities are descendants of slaves. Because slavery ended over 150 years ago, “most institutions don’t have good enough records to trace the actual descendants of slaves” (Jones). The potential inaccuracy in identifying descendants could lead to overspending on reparations, potential accusations of fraud, and countless other complaints. Responsibility also plays a large role in determining if or how to distribute monetary reparations. While plantation owners are notoriously considered slave owners, “the Catholic Church was among the largest institutional slaveholders in the Americas” (Jones). Other large corporations which took advantage of the American slave system include both insurance and railroad companies: “Insurance companies sold policies on the lives of enslaved people (for their owners’ profit, of course) or underwrote slaving voyages. Railroads used slave labor and profited from transporting cotton or rice produced by enslaved plantation workers” (Jones). Given that both religious and industrial groups also had a rather large influence on the American slave system, the responsibility of the government to repay the descendants of slaves seems unreasonable. To be able to pay the descendants of slaves, the government would also have to spend an excessive amount of money. Payment for slave labor requires adding up 24 hours, 365 days, for 246 years, plus inflation, the overall amount estimated to be upwards of $10 trillion. Even in smaller amounts “seeding each account with $25,000 would cost the government $100 billion a year, equal to ‘about 2% of federal expenditures now’” (Huddleston). Is that amount worth it? During his testimony, Beckett argued that money reparations are meaningless. Throwing money at a problem won’t solve it: it won’t end racism and it will cause the economy to plummet deeper in debt, creating more issues than it solves (Beckett). Not only would these reparations be a waste of taxpayer money, but it is understood that “the majority of Americans were not slave owners and even in the South, only one in five owned slaves,” more convincingly, “many Americans today have no connection to slavery at all since they immigrated here after 1865” (Source G). Arguments could be made for the imbalance of reparations, as minorities such as Native American tribes have been given land and monetary reparations by the U.S. government. While these minorities have received reparations, these reparations directly to the victims. A table of previous reparations payments made to minorities/racially targeted groups that span from 1952-1990. The most recent and largest payment was in 1990, from the US government to Japanese American citizens, of $1.2 billion (about $20,000 each) in response to the Japanese encampments during World War II (Source D). While these payments were made to these minority groups, all these reparations were ordered while the original victims of the injustices were still alive, not over 150 years after the fact. The complete dismissal of reparations, however, should not be administered. Focusing our attention on better ways to repay the descendants of slaves would be generally beneficial to the country, as Nathalie argued that descendants have no wealth. Given that a major source of wealth is inheritance, the lack of black property ownership means a less distinctive inheritance among black families for future generations (Nathalie). While reparations can be spent in the communities of descendants and underfunded black families, this affects people who may not be descendants, not specific to victims: “Recipients of reparations should be ‘the direct victims of the injustice or their immediate families’” (Source G). Despite this, former President Barack Obama stated that “the best reparations we can provide are good schools in the inner city and jobs for people who are unemployed,” and that those reparations could potentially “take the form of government programs to help struggling people of all races” (Source E). During her testimony, Michelle agreed, claiming that using reparations as a way of creating better schools and jobs for people who are struggling is a more beneficial way to use these monetary reparations (Michelle). Overall, the U.S. government, rather than distributing payments to individuals or communities, should focus on funding underprivileged or discriminated communities of traditionally black descendants, as this approach would create more opportunities and equality for discriminated black communities.",creative_writing Explain how a mechanical watch works,,"A simple mechanical watch works by transferring power from the main spring, a tightly coiled metal spring, through an escapement and balance wheel, to wheels representing seconds, minutes, and hours. The watch uses a gearing from the main spring that pushes an escapement gearing against a ruby palette to oscillate a balance wheel. The balance wheel and escapement are carefully constructed to oscillate at a specific frequency, releasing small bursts of power to the gear train. The train is constructed to gear the specific frequency of the balance wheel into seconds, minutes and hours. Further complications like chronographs, sun phase, alarms, and others are not accounted for in this simple watch. An automatic watch contains a weighted rotor in order to wind the mainspring with the motion of a person's arm.",brainstorming """The Day the Music Died"" refers to the tragic deaths of which artists?",,"Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and The Big Bopper",open_qa What is the difference between cherry blossoms and plum blossoms?,,"The easiest way is by observing the following two differences. First, pay attention to the petals. The cherry blossom is usually spiky at the end of each petal whereas the plum blossom is more rounded. Second, you can tell by the smell. True cherry blossoms have a faint smell, with the exception of some rare trees. Plum trees have a strong flowery smell.",open_qa What are some good activities to do outside on a nice day?,,"Take a bike ride, go for a walk, go for a jog, climb a mountain, go for a swim, sit outside and read, have a picnic.",brainstorming Think of 5 shades of blue I could paint my room,,"You could paint it baby blue, robin blue, turquoise, navy or sky blue",brainstorming From the passage note down the valuation of NFT trade for the year 2020 and 2021. List the results in format ‘Year: Value‘.,"A non-fungible token (NFT) is a unique digital identifier that cannot be copied, substituted, or subdivided, that is recorded in a blockchain, and that is used to certify ownership and authenticity. The ownership of an NFT is recorded in the blockchain and can be transferred by the owner, allowing NFTs to be sold and traded. NFTs can be created by anybody, and require few or no coding skills to create. NFTs typically contain references to digital files such as photos, videos, and audio. Because NFTs are uniquely identifiable assets, they differ from cryptocurrencies, which are fungible. Proponents of NFTs claim that NFTs provide a public certificate of authenticity or proof of ownership, but the legal rights conveyed by an NFT can be uncertain. The ownership of an NFT as defined by the blockchain has no inherent legal meaning and does not necessarily grant copyright, intellectual property rights, or other legal rights over its associated digital file. An NFT does not restrict the sharing or copying of its associated digital file and does not prevent the creation of NFTs that reference identical files. The NFT market grew dramatically from 2020 to 2021: the trading of NFTs in 2021 increased to more than $17 billion, up by 21,000% over 2020's total of $82 million. NFTs have been used as speculative investments and they have drawn increasing criticism for the energy cost and carbon footprint associated with validating blockchain transactions as well as their frequent use in art scams. The NFT market has also been compared to an economic bubble or a Ponzi scheme. In 2022, the NFT market suffered a major collapse, with prices sharply falling; a May 2022 estimate was that the number of sales was down over 90% compared to its 2021 peak.","2020: $82million 2021: $17billion",information_extraction What are some of the most famous fantasy books ever written?,,"The Lord of the Rings Trilogy and 'The Hobbit' by J.R.R. Tolkien are particularly famous in the fantasy genre. 'The Wheel of Time' by Robert Jordan is another famous fantasy series. ""A Game of Thrones' by George R.R. Martin is another famous set of fantasy books.",open_qa Extract the ingredients needed to make pasta carbonara. Separate them with a comma.,"Carbonara (Italian: [karboˈnaːra]) is a Roman pasta dish made with eggs, hard cheese, cured pork and black pepper. The dish took its modern form and name in the middle of the 20th century. The cheese is usually Pecorino Romano, Parmigiano-Reggiano, or a combination of the two. Spaghetti is the most common pasta, but fettuccine, rigatoni, linguine, or bucatini are also used. Normally guanciale or pancetta are used for the meat component,] but lardons of smoked bacon are a common substitute outside Italy.","Eggs, hard cheese, cured pork, black pepper",information_extraction What is an easy and delicious dish for me to cook for my date?,,"Spaghetti alla carbonara. It is a very easy dish to do and it's delicious! You only need 5 ingredients: pasta, pecorino cheese, eggs, guanciale and pepper. Step 1 Cut the guanciale into small cubes. Step 2 Collect the eggs in a bowl. Pepper them, add grated pecorino. Step 3 Cook the pasta. At the same time, brown the guanciale in a pan over low heat. Step 4 Add the pasta and small amount of pasta water to the pan, where the guanciale and it's fat are. Mix it very well. Step 5 Immediately after, pour the mixed eggs over the pasta, mix quickly and serve immediately. Step 6 Complete with grated pecorino on top.",brainstorming How did Robert Baratheon die?,,"King Robert I Baratheon was on a boar hunting trip when he was gored by a boar. Lancel Lannister, one of his squires, provided the king with fortified wine, to ensure the king was overly drunk and would make a mistake. Had he not died from the boar, the king would have been deliberately knocked off his horse or shot with an arrow, according to Lord Varys. The king's death was arranged by his wife, Cersei Lannister, so he would not learn the truth about who actually sired his children he shared with Cersei.",open_qa "Classify the following people as primarily authors or primarily movie directors: Steven King, Steven Spielberg, N. K. Jemisin, Martin Scorsese, Jane Austen",,"Steven King, N. K. Jemisin, and Jane Austen are authors. Steven Spielberg and Martin Scorsese are movie directors.",classification Who produced the song Polly?,The song was written by Sumney with American singer-songwriter Tom Gallo. Sumney also solely produced the track.,The song was written and produced by American singer-songwriter Moses Sumney.,closed_qa Write a short story that demonstrates the difference between coaching and mentorship,,"Tim was a new engineer who had joined a multinational software company. He was excited about his new job but also overwhelmed by the sheer amount of information he needed to absorb. Fortunately, he was assigned a mentor - Chad - who promised to teach him everything he knew. Chad patiently guided Tim through the ins and outs of the job, sharing his knowledge and experience to help Tim become more confident in his abilities. Tim was a quick learner and soon became very good at his job. As he gained more experience, Chad slowly stepped away, allowing Tim to take on more responsibility on his own. Despite this increased independence, Tim still reached out to Chad when he needed help or advice. Chad continued to guide him, but only as needed, letting Tim take the lead in his own professional development. As Tim was promoted to a new role, he was assigned a new mentor - Rob - who followed the same approach as Chad. Tim threw himself into the new position, soaking up everything he could learn from Rob. Another five years passed by and he became very good at his job. However, after a decade of experience, Tim found himself at a crossroads, uncertain about what to do next. Over lunch one day, he confided in Jared, a manager from another team, about his indecisiveness. Jared listened attentively and asked Tim some probing questions to help him think through his options. To each of Tim's responses, Jared asked more questions, guiding him towards a clearer understanding of his own goals and desires. Tim began meeting with Jared every week for lunch, answering the questions posed to him, and finding his own answers with Jared's help. This is what a coach does - helping individuals discover their own solutions by posing the right questions. In conclusion, a mentor teaches and guides someone towards expertise, while a coach helps individuals discover their own solutions and goals by asking the right questions. While the two roles may overlap in some ways, they each offer unique benefits and serve distinct purposes in helping individuals reach their full potential.",creative_writing What are some types of things you can cook at a campfire?,,"S'mores, hotdogs, sausages, baked potatoes",brainstorming Extract the awards that Caitlin Clark won during her Junior year season at Iowa State.,"Clark won the AP Player of the Year, Naismith College Player of the Year, USBWA National Player of the Year and the John R. Wooden Award and the Wade Trophy. She was a unanimous first-team All-American for a second straight season, earning first-team recognition from the AP and USBWA and making the WBCA Coaches' All-America Team. Clark received the Nancy Lieberman award for her second straight season.","AP Player of the Year, Naismith College Player of the year, USBWA National Player of the Year, John R. Wooden Award, Wade Trophy, Nancy Lieberman award",information_extraction "Extract the reasons why inverted yield curve could happen, and place them in a bullet list.","Under unusual circumstances, investors will settle for lower yields associated with low-risk long-term debt if they think the economy will enter a recession in the near future. For example, the S&P 500 experienced a dramatic fall in mid 2007, from which it recovered completely by early 2013. Investors who had purchased 10-year Treasuries in 2006 would have received a safe and steady yield until 2015, possibly achieving better returns than those investing in equities during that volatile period. Economist Campbell Harvey's 1986 dissertation showed that an inverted yield curve accurately forecasts U.S. recessions. An inverted curve has indicated a worsening economic situation in the future eight times since 1970. In addition to potentially signaling an economic decline, inverted yield curves also imply that the market believes inflation will remain low. This is because, even if there is a recession, a low bond yield will still be offset by low inflation. However, technical factors, such as a flight to quality or global economic or currency situations, may cause an increase in demand for bonds on the long end of the yield curve, causing long-term rates to fall. Falling long-term rates in the presence of rising short-term rates is known as ""Greenspan's Conundrum"".","There are two reasons why an inverted yield curve could happen 1. When investors think the economy will enter a recession in the near future, they will settle for lower yields associated with low-risk long-term debt, which would likely result in higher returns than investments in equities during the same time. 2. When the market believes inflation will remain low, there will be more demand for bonds on the long end of the yield curve, causing long-term rates to fall.",information_extraction What is the difference in the US between a stop sign and a traffic light?,,"A stop sign is a red, eight-sided metal sign that requires a driver to stop and then proceed when it is safe to do so. Many intersections have either two or four stop signs. When more than one car arrives at the intersection, the car that arrived first has the right of way. If more than one car arrives at the same time, then the car to the right has the right of way. An electric traffic light typically has three different signals: red indicates drivers should stop until the light changes; a yellow light indicates that the driver should stop if it is safe to do so because the signal is changing from red to green; and a green light means that drivers may proceed through the intersection without stopping.",open_qa What are some games you can play in the middle of nature and a bunch of people?,,"There are the classic games you can always play, like tag, or I spy, or Truth or Dare, but there are plenty of ways to be more creative. You can collect a bunch of rocks. Then about 10 feet away create a small stack of rocks. Each person takes turns with their own pebbles and tries to knock the stack of rocks over. If you are near moving water, you can have a ""stick boat"" race. Everyone chooses a stick and places it at one point in the river, and you cheer and goad each other to see who's stick wins the race. You can divide into teams and create ""nature art"" like Andy Goldsworthy who assembles leaves and sticks into beautiful images. You can simulate games like Bocce or Frisbee Golf with things you find; rocks can be bocce balls, sticks can be frisbees. You can make a game out of anything.",brainstorming Why do we use passwords?,,"Passwords are used in today's digital environment to protect and secure personal accounts. They are a line of defense against domestic and abroad criminals trying to get access to your personal information in order to steal your identity, open credit cards in your name or steal your hard earned money from your bank accounts. Password management is hard for a lot of people because they use the same password for every account, they write them down and cannot remember all of them, and have no way to effectively manage their passwords or secure them.",open_qa "If you are traveling outside the country, categorize each of the following as either: ‘Mandatory’, ‘Good to have’, ‘Least important’. Passport, Cash of the country visiting, Power bank, Book, Pen, Laptop",,"Mandatory: Passport Good to have: Cash of the country visiting, Powerbank Least important: Book, Pen, Laptop",classification Tell me the mascots for the Generation 2 Pokemon games,,"The mascots for the Generation 2 Pokemon games are Lugia, Ho-oh and Suicune",brainstorming what is the mascot of Garfield High School in Seattle?,,Bulldogs,open_qa What is an offside in football/soccer?,,"The offside rule in football states that, at the moment of a pass (i.e. when the ball leaves the passer's foot), there must be at least two opposing players (including the goalkeeper) behind the attacking player receiving the pass. If this condition is not met, the referee calls offside, which results on a free kick for the defending team.",open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Aurochs, Hawksbill Turtle",,"Hawksbill Turtle is alive, Aurochs is extinct.",classification What Are the Gift Ideas for Anime Fans?,,"Collector edition films, cosplay outfits, limited edition manga comics, tickets to comic-con, flights to Japan.",brainstorming "Which is an imperial or a metric measurement: pound, stone, kilogram",,"pound and stone is imperial, kilogram is metric",classification What is the plot of the movie going wild,"Going Wild is a 1930 Warner Brothers pre-Code comedy film based on the 1910 play The Aviator by James Montgomery and directed by William A. Seiter. The film stars many musical stars along with Joe E. Brown, Frank McHugh and Johnny Arthur. A print is held in the Library of Congress collection. Plot Rollo Smith and his friend Jack Lane are down on their luck and have stowed away on a train, finding a place in the compartment of ace pilot and writer Robert Story. The conductor ejects Rollo and Jack from the train just where the famous writer is supposed to arrive, and Rollo is mistaken for Story. Peggy Freeman and May Bunch both vie for Rollo's attention, believing that he is a famous pilot. The girls receive free room and meals at the Palm Inn. Rollo, who has never flown, is invited to fly in an air race as Story against a real aviator, ""Ace"" Benton, with a chance to win a $25,000 wager. After he somehow lifts the plane off the ground, Rollo can barely control the aircraft. Ferguson, the real pilot whom Peggy had locked in a closet, appears, but Rollo continues to unwittingly perform an aerial show, forcing Ace to abandon the race. When Peggy accidentally pulls her parachute ring, Rollo joins her as they safely float to earth and he proposes.","Going Wild is a 1930 Warner Brothers pre-Code comedy film based on the 1910 play The Aviator by James Montgomery and directed by William A. Seiter. The film stars many musical stars along with Joe E. Brown, Frank McHugh and Johnny Arthur. A print is held in the Library of Congress collection. Rollo Smith and his friend Jack Lane are down on their luck and have stowed away on a train, finding a place in the compartment of ace pilot and writer Robert Story. The conductor ejects Rollo and Jack from the train just where the famous writer is supposed to arrive, and Rollo is mistaken for Story. Peggy Freeman and May Bunch both vie for Rollo's attention, believing that he is a famous pilot. The girls receive free room and meals at the Palm Inn. Rollo, who has never flown, is invited to fly in an air race as Story against a real aviator, ""Ace"" Benton, with a chance to win a $25,000 wager. After he somehow lifts the plane off the ground, Rollo can barely control the aircraft. Ferguson, the real pilot whom Peggy had locked in a closet, appears, but Rollo continues to unwittingly perform an aerial show, forcing Ace to abandon the race. When Peggy accidentally pulls her parachute ring, Rollo joins her as they safely float to earth and he proposes.",summarization Please give me a short description of each of the three categories of performance that Bharatanatyam follows.,"The repertoire of Bharatanatyam, like all major classical Indian dance forms, follows the three categories of performance in the Natya Shastra. These are Nritta (Nirutham), Nritya (Niruthiyam) and Natya (Natyam). The Nritta performance is abstract, fast and rhythmic aspect of the dance. The viewer is presented with pure movement in Bharatanatyam, wherein the emphasis is the beauty in motion, form, speed, range and pattern. This part of the repertoire has no interpretative aspect, no telling of story. It is a technical performance, and aims to engage the senses (prakriti) of the audience. The Nritya is slower and expressive aspect of the dance that attempts to communicate feelings, storyline particularly with spiritual themes in Hindu dance traditions. In a nritya, the dance-acting expands to include silent expression of words through gestures and body motion set to musical notes. The actor articulates a legend or a spiritual message. This part of a Bharatanatyam repertoire is more than sensory enjoyment, it aims to engage the emotions and mind of the viewer. The Natyam is a play, typically a team performance, but can be acted out by a solo performer where the dancer uses certain standardized body movements to indicate a new character in the underlying story. A Natya incorporates the elements of a Nritya.","1. Nritta: This is the pure movement aspect of the dance of Bharatanatyam. The dancer showcases movements in varying form, speed, range and levels. 2. Nritya: This is the expressive aspect of the dance, wherein the dancer tells a story, usually of a spiritual theme of Hindu tradition, through both facial expressions and movements. 3. Natyam: This is the theatrical aspect of the dance, where the dancer incorporates the elements of Nritya, to enact different characters of a play. This can be performed either solo or as a team.",summarization Think of different things I could do at the park,,"Ride a bike, use roller skates, go on the ferris wheel, take a hike, visit the duck pond, Sit on the lawn, have a picnic, take some photos",brainstorming When is the best time to buy house in USA,,"Late Spring and early Summers are considered ""hot periods"" in real-estate market because there is an increase in the number of listings (or supplies) during these months.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Lambeg, Hurdy-gurdy",,"Hurdy-gurdy is string, Lambeg is percussion.",classification Write a haiku from the perspective of a child who does not like piano lessons.,,"Monday lessons are Like a weekly prison camp. I hate piano.",creative_writing "Classify these as winter or summer sports: beach volleyball, cross country skiing, biathlon, triathlon, kayaking",,"beach volleyball: summer, cross country skiing: winter, biathlon: winter, triathlon: summer, kayaking: summer",classification Find all of the Amsterdam museums mentioned in the text and put them in a numbered list.,"Amsterdam's main attractions include its historic canals; the Rijksmuseum, the state museum with a vast collection of Dutch Golden Age art; the Van Gogh Museum; the Dam Square, where the Royal Palace of Amsterdam and former city hall (stadhuis) are located; the Amsterdam Museum; Stedelijk Museum, with modern art; Hermitage Amsterdam, the Concertgebouw concert hall; the Anne Frank House; the Het Scheepvaartmuseum, the Heineken Experience, the Natura Artis Magistra; Hortus Botanicus, NEMO, the red-light district and many cannabis coffee shops. The city is also well known for its nightlife and festival activity; with several of its nightclubs (Melkweg, Paradiso) among the world's most famous. Primarily known for its artistic heritage, elaborate canal system and narrow canal houses with gabled façades; well-preserved legacies of the city's 17th-century Golden Age, and the establishment of the Van Gogh Museum, displaying the work of the famous Dutch modern artist, have attracted millions of visitors to Amsterdam annually.","The Amsterdam museums mentioned in this text are: 1. Rijksmuseum 2. Van Gogh Museum 3. Amsterdam Museum 4. Stedelijk Museum 5. Hermitage Amsterdam 6. Anne Frank House 7. Het Scheepvaartmuseum 8. NEMO",information_extraction Give me some ideas on how to make money while traveling the world.,,"Freelancing online Language tuition Teach other people your skills Make things to sell Offer your services at hostels Sell your photos Street performances Seasonal work",brainstorming Briefly summarize this paragraph on a Pearl Harbor conspiracy theory.,"""Robert Stinnett's Day of Deceit suggests a memorandum prepared by Commander McCollum was central to U.S. policy in the immediate pre-war period. Stinnett claims the memo suggests only a direct attack on U.S. interests would sway the American public (or Congress) to favor direct involvement in the European war, specifically in support of the British. An attack by Japan would not, could not, aid Britain. Although the memo was passed to Captains Walter Anderson and Dudley Knox, two of Roosevelt's military advisors, on October 7, 1940, there is no evidence to suggest Roosevelt ever saw it, while Stinnett's claims of evidence he did is nonexistent. Moreover, although Anderson and Knox offered eight specific plans to aggrieve the Japanese Empire and added, ""If by these means Japan could be led to commit an overt act of war, so much the better,"" of the eight ""plans"" (actions to be taken) offered in the memo, many if not all were implemented, but there is considerable doubt the McCollum memo was the inspiration.[citation needed] Nonetheless, in Day of Deceit Stinnett claims all action items were implemented. Yet there were numerous instances of members of the Roosevelt Administration insisting on not provoking Japan. Mark Parillo, in his essay The United States in the Pacific, wrote, ""hese theories tend to founder on the logic of the situation. Had Roosevelt and other members of his administration known of the attack in advance, they would have been foolish to sacrifice one of the major instruments needed to win the war just to get the United States into it."" Furthermore, on 5 November 1941, in a joint memo, Stark, CNO, and Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, warned, ""if Japan be defeated and Germany remain undefeated, decision will still not have been reached.... War between the United States and Japan should be avoided...."" Additionally, in a 21 November 1941 memo, Brigadier Leonard T. Gerow, head of Army War Plans, stated, ""one of our present major objectives the avoidance of war with Japan...[and to] insure continuance of material assistance to the British."" He concluded, ""[I]t is of grave importance to our war effort in Europe..."" Furthermore, Churchill himself, in a 15 May 1940 telegram, said he hoped a U.S. commitment to aid Britain would ""quiet"" Japan, following with a 4 October message requesting a USN courtesy visit to Singapore aimed at ""preventing the spreading of the war"" And Stark's own Plan Dog expressly stated, ""Any strength that we might send to the Far East would...reduce the force of our blows against Germany..."" Roosevelt could scarcely have been ignorant of Stark's views, and war with Japan was clearly contrary to Roosevelt's express wish to aid Britain."" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_advance-knowledge_conspiracy_theory","This paragraph summarizes both Robert Stinnett's argument that the US government intentionally provoked the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the counter-arguments. Stinnett's case is based largely on a memo from Commander McCollom stating that the only way to US population and its elected officials could be convinced to enter WWII would be if there was a direct attack on the US. Stinnett argues that the government then did everything recommended in the memo in order to compel the Japanese to attack. According to this paragraph, arguments that disprove Stinnett's claim include the fact that the military would never endanger the fleet in Pearl Harbor needed to win the war in a plan to convince the American people to join the way. In addition, there is compelling evidence that Roosevelt was attempting to minimize the conflict with Japan in order to focus on aid to England.",summarization Give me a json array containing Arsenal stadiums and the year that they moved in based on the passage provided.,"Before joining the Football League, Arsenal played briefly on Plumstead Common, then at the Manor Ground in Plumstead, then spent three years between 1890 and 1893 at the nearby Invicta Ground. Upon joining the Football League in 1893, the club returned to the Manor Ground and installed stands and terracing, upgrading it from just a field. Arsenal continued to play their home games there for the next twenty years (with two exceptions in the 1894–95 season), until the move to north London in 1913. Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913 until May 2006. The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single covered stand and three open-air banks of terracing. The entire stadium was given a massive overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932 and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed during the Second World War and not restored until 1954. Highbury could hold more than 60,000 spectators at its peak, and had a capacity of 57,000 until the early 1990s. The Taylor Report and Premier League regulations obliged Arsenal to convert Highbury to an all-seater stadium in time for the 1993–94 season, thus reducing the capacity to 38,419 seated spectators. This capacity had to be reduced further during Champions League matches to accommodate additional advertising boards, so much so that for two seasons, from 1998 to 2000, Arsenal played Champions League home matches at Wembley, which could house more than 70,000 spectators. Expansion of Highbury was restricted because the East Stand had been designated as a Grade II listed building and the other three stands were close to residential properties. These limitations prevented the club from maximising matchday revenue during the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century, putting them in danger of being left behind in the football boom of that time. After considering various options, in 2000 Arsenal proposed building a new 60,361-capacity stadium at Ashburton Grove, since named the Emirates Stadium, about 500 metres south-west of Highbury. The project was initially delayed by red tape and rising costs, and construction was completed in July 2006, in time for the start of the 2006–07 season. The stadium was named after its sponsors, the airline company Emirates, with whom the club signed the largest sponsorship deal in English football history, worth around £100 million. Some fans referred to the ground as Ashburton Grove, or the Grove, as they did not agree with corporate sponsorship of stadium names. The stadium will be officially known as Emirates Stadium until at least 2028, and the airline will be the club's shirt sponsor until at least 2024. From the start of the 2010–11 season on, the stands of the stadium have been officially known as North Bank, East Stand, West Stand and Clock end. The capacity of the Emirates now stands at 60,704.","{ ""Stadiums"": [ { ""name"": ""Plumstead Common"" }, { ""name"": ""Manor Ground"" }, { ""name"": ""Invicta Ground"", ""year"": ""1890"" }, { ""name"": ""Manor Ground"", ""year"": ""1893"" }, { ""name"": ""Arsenal Stadium"", ""year"": ""1913"" }, { ""name"": ""Emirates Stadium"", ""year"": ""2006"" } ] }",information_extraction "Summarise the basic rules of soccer, without using examples from the text","The game of association football is played in accordance with the Laws of the Game, a set of rules that has been in effect since 1863 and maintained by the IFAB since 1886. The game is played with a football that is 68–70 cm (27–28 in) in circumference. The two teams compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts and under the bar), thereby scoring a goal. When the ball is in play, the players mainly use their feet, but may use any other part of their body, except for their hands or arms, to control, strike, or pass the ball. Only the goalkeepers may use their hands and arms, and only then within the penalty area. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner. Depending on the format of the competition, an equal number of goals scored may result in a draw being declared, or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout.","Soccer is played between two teams of players who pass a spherical inflated ball between each other, predominantly using the feet and head, with the aim of getting the ball into the opponents goal (a rectangular opening at each end of the playing area) . The only player who can use their hands and arms is the goalkeeper, within a small area near their team's goal called the penalty area. At the end of the game, the team who has got the ball into their opponents goal most times is declared the winner.",summarization "Given this paragraph, which two US interstates were not originally continuous? Have they now been made continuous?","The system was proclaimed complete in 1992, but two of the original Interstates—I-95 and I-70—were not continuous: both of these discontinuities were due to local opposition, which blocked efforts to build the necessary connections to fully complete the system. I-95 was made a continuous freeway in 2018, and thus I-70 remains the only original Interstate with a discontinuity. I-95 was discontinuous in New Jersey because of the cancellation of the Somerset Freeway. This situation was remedied when the construction of the Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate 95 Interchange Project started in 2010 and partially opened on September 22, 2018, which was already enough to fill the gap. However, I-70 remains discontinuous in Pennsylvania, because of the lack of a direct interchange with the Pennsylvania Turnpike at the eastern end of the concurrency near Breezewood. Traveling in either direction, I-70 traffic must exit the freeway and use a short stretch of US-30 (which includes a number of roadside services) to rejoin I-70. The interchange was not originally built because of a legacy federal funding rule, since relaxed, which restricted the use of federal funds to improve roads financed with tolls. Solutions have been proposed to eliminate the discontinuity, but they have been blocked by local opposition, fearing a loss of business.","The two discontinuous interstates were the I-95 and the I-70. The I-95 was discontinuous up until September 22, 2018 when the construction of the Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate was completed. The I-70, however, remains discontinuous.",closed_qa What are all the dates that the Borneo visited Bencoolen written in the format Month Day Year?,"EIC voyage #1 (1713–1716): Captain Thomas Lewis sailed from The Downs on 2 October 1713, bound for Banjarmasin and Bencoolen. Borneo was at the Cape of Good Hope on 30 January 1714 and reached Batavia on 7 May. She was at Banjarmasin on 1 July and Bencoolen on 26 December. She was then at Bantal on 23 January 1715 before returning to Bencoolen on 9 February. She returned to Bantal on 4 March and Bencoolen on 29 March. She then was at Batavia on 13 June and Bencoolen yet again on 24 August. She stopped at Madras on 21 February 1716, and visited Bencoolen for the last time on 30 May. Her voyage ended on 1 August 1717.","December 26th 1714, February 9th 1715, March 29th 1715, August 24th 1715, May 30th 1716.",information_extraction "Given this reference text, how was the cheeseburger invented?","By the late 19th century, the vast grasslands of the Great Plains had been opened up for cattle ranching. This made it possible for many Americans to consume beef almost daily. The hamburger remains as one of the cheapest sources of beef in America. Adding cheese to hamburgers became popular in 1920. There are several competing claims as to who created the first cheeseburger. Lionel Sternberger is reputed to have introduced the cheeseburger in 1924 at the age of 16. He was working as a fry cook at his father's Pasadena, California sandwich shop, ""The Rite Spot"", and ""experimentally dropped a slab of American cheese on a sizzling hamburger."" An early example of the cheeseburger appearing on a menu is a 1928 menu for the Los Angeles restaurant O'Dell's which listed a cheeseburger smothered with chili for 25 cents. Other restaurants also claim to have invented the cheeseburger. For example, Kaelin's Restaurant in Louisville, Kentucky, said it invented the cheeseburger in 1934. One year later, a trademark for the name ""cheeseburger"" was awarded to Louis Ballast of the Humpty Dumpty Drive-In in Denver, Colorado. According to Steak 'n Shake archives, the restaurant's founder, Gus Belt, applied for a trademark on the word in the 1930s. An A&W Restaurants franchise in Lansing, Michigan is credited with inventing the bacon cheeseburger in 1963, putting it on the menu after repeated requests from the same customer. The steamed cheeseburger, a variation almost exclusively served in central Connecticut, is believed to have been invented at a restaurant called Jack's Lunch in Middletown, Connecticut, in the 1930s. The largest cheeseburger ever made weighed 2,014 pounds (914 kg). It is said to have included ""60 pounds (27 kg) of bacon, 50 pounds (23 kg) of lettuce, 50 pounds (23 kg) of sliced onions, 40 pounds (18 kg) of pickles, and 40 pounds (18 kg) of cheese."" This record was set in 2012 by Minnesota's Black Bear Casino, smashing the previous record of 881 pounds (400 kg). In the United States, National Cheeseburger Day is celebrated annually on September 18.","The cheeseburger was invented after the late 19th century after the vast grasslands of the Great Plains opened up for cattle ranching. Once this happened Americans consumed meat daily of which ground beef/hamburger meat was the most affordable. In 1920, adding cheese to the hamburger meat popular. It is said that Lionel Sternberger invented the cheeseburger in 1924 while working at his father's sandwich shop.",closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Snare drum, Zither",,"Zither is string, Snare drum is percussion.",classification Help me come up with a cost efficient shopping plan for my family of four.,,"There is no one shopping plan for any family of four; there are simply too many variables and constraints to consider - and too large a data set - to consider and make a recommendation for a family of four without further context. Some of these variables would include: - Household income and net worth - Cost of living - Living and family arrangements - Medical conditions However, there are some basic guidelines which can inform a high percentage of households which rank among the median or most common scenarios. For example, for a family of four in the United States with median income and net worth: - Set realistic budget and time numbers per month and document - Document prices for low-cost household staples such as beans, rice, bread, milk, eggs, butter, oil, seasonings in your area by store - Repeat for fresh fruit and vegetables, meat and fish, ready-to-eat foods, and other items for your family's diet - Create a shopping list and mark down on your calendar when you will buy each item There's a first step toward a cost efficient shopping plan for a family of four.",brainstorming List five items you would need to survive in the wilderness.,,"Water, food, Knife, First Aid Kit, Lighter or Matches,",brainstorming Extract all the airports listed in this reference paragraph,"In 1947, a tense diplomatic and military standoff began to unfold between the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union over the future of Germany. The Americans and Western European allies wanted to include the sectors of Germany which they controlled in the Marshall Plan, an economic plan to rebuild Europe after the devastation of the war. The Soviets perceived the Marshall Plan to be the foundation for an anti-Soviet alliance and pressured the Americans, British and French to back down. On 20 March 1948, the Soviet representative walked out of the meeting of the Allied Control Council, and on 31 March 1948, the United States Congress approved funding for the Marshall Plan. Soviet troops then began to block the corridor that brought supplies from the western zones of Germany to West Berlin. In response, an increased number of aircraft brought supplies by air from west Germany to Tempelhof airfield in the American sector and Gatow airfield in the British sector of Berlin. At the same time Soviet military aircraft began to violate airspace in West Berlin and harass (or what the military called ""buzz"") flights in and out of West Berlin. Despite the danger of flying in such conditions, civilian aircraft continued to fly in and out of Berlin.","Tempelhof, Gatow",information_extraction What is the standard tuning of an electric guitar?,,The standard tuning of an electric guitar beginning with the 6th string going down the 1st string is EADGBE,open_qa What are modifiers in English?,,"A word, especially an adjective or noun used attributively, that restricts or adds to sense of a head noun",creative_writing "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Maraca, Valiha",,"Valiha is string, Maraca is percussion.",classification "Name three beaches in Pinellas County, Florida",,"Three beaches in Pinellas County, Florida are Clearwater Beach, Indian Rocks Beach, and St. Pete Beach.",open_qa Name a few Bhakti poets from the passage.,"The Bhakti movement of late medieval Hinduism started in the 7th century, but rapidly expanded after the 12th century. It was supported by the Puranic literature such as the Bhagavata Purana, poetic works, as well as many scholarly bhasyas and samhitas.This period saw the growth of Vashnavism Sampradayas (denominations or communities) under the influence of scholars such as Ramanujacharya, Vedanta Desika, Madhvacharya and Vallabhacharya. Bhakti poets or teachers such as Manavala Mamunigal, Namdev, Ramananda, Sankardev, Surdas, Tulsidas, Eknath, Tyagaraja, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and many others influenced the expansion of Vaishnavism.Even Meera (princess of Mehwar and Rajasthan) took part in this specific movement. These Vaishnavism sampradaya founders rejected Shankara's doctrines of Advaita Vedanta, particularly Ramanuja in the 12th century, Vedanta Desika and Madhva in the 13th, building their theology on the devotional tradition of the Alvars (Sri Vaishnavas).In North and Eastern India, Vaishnavism gave rise to various late Medieval movements Ramananda in the 14th century, Sankaradeva in the 15th and Vallabha and Chaitanya in the 16th century. Historically, it was Chaitanya Mahaprabhu who founded congregational chanting of holy names of Krishna in the early 16th century after becoming a sannyasi.","Manavala Mamunigal, Namdev, Ramananda, Sankardev, Surdas, Tulsidas, Eknath, Tyagaraja, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu",information_extraction Can someone drive a bicycle on this road?,"TELLURIDE ——> CITY OF GOLD 12 MILES - 2 HOURS YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE CRAZY TO DRIVE THIS ROAD - BUT IT HELPS JEEPS ONLY",No. Jeeps only.,closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Klong khaek, Sanshin",,"Sanshin is string, Klong khaek is percussion.",classification "Let me know if you think these are musical instruments or tools: Piano, chisel, Marimba, hammer, drill, scissor, violin, drums, screwdriver, brass, clarinet.",,"Piano, marimba, violin, drums and brass are all musical instruments. Piano belongs to the percussive chordophone family. A violin is a bowed stringed musical instrument. Marimba and the drums are percussion instruments. A brass falls under the category of wind instruments, while a clarinet is considered a woodwind instrument. From your list, the following items are tools: chisel, hammer, drill and screwdriver. Chisel is a hand tool used for carving a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal. With a scissor, you normally cut paper and potentially some types of thin plastic. A hammer is a multi-purpose tool that you can use, for example, to secure objects with nails in wood, pull nails from wood and demolish objects. A drill is commonly used to drill holes or to drive screws into wood, metal, concrete and other materials. Last, a screwdriver is a mechanical hand tool that can you can use to drive screws in similar materials.",classification When was the 8088 processor released?,"The 8086 (also called iAPX 86) is a 16-bit microprocessor chip designed by Intel between early 1976 and June 8, 1978, when it was released. The Intel 8088, released July 1, 1979, is a slightly modified chip with an external 8-bit data bus (allowing the use of cheaper and fewer supporting ICs),[note 1] and is notable as the processor used in the original IBM PC design.","The Intel 8088 processor was released July 1, 1979.",information_extraction "Based on this passage, please provide a bullet-point list of the processes used to prepare semiconducting materials for integrated circuits (ICs).","There is a combination of processes that are used to prepare semiconducting materials for ICs. One process is called thermal oxidation, which forms silicon dioxide on the surface of the silicon. This is used as a gate insulator and field oxide. Other processes are called photomasks and photolithography. This process is what creates the patterns on the circuit in the integrated circuit. Ultraviolet light is used along with a photoresist layer to create a chemical change that generates the patterns for the circuit. The etching is the next process that is required. The part of the silicon that was not covered by the photoresist layer from the previous step can now be etched. The main process typically used today is called plasma etching. Plasma etching usually involves an etch gas pumped in a low-pressure chamber to create plasma. A common etch gas is chlorofluorocarbon, or more commonly known Freon. A high radio-frequency voltage between the cathode and anode is what creates the plasma in the chamber. The silicon wafer is located on the cathode, which causes it to be hit by the positively charged ions that are released from the plasma. The result is silicon that is etched anisotropically. The last process is called diffusion. This is the process that gives the semiconducting material its desired semiconducting properties. It is also known as doping. The process introduces an impure atom to the system, which creates the p–n junction. To get the impure atoms embedded in the silicon wafer, the wafer is first put in a 1,100 degree Celsius chamber. The atoms are injected in and eventually diffuse with the silicon. After the process is completed and the silicon has reached room temperature, the doping process is done and the semiconducting material is ready to be used in an integrated circuit.","-Thermal oxidation -Photomasks/photolithography -Etching (mainly plasma etching) -Diffusion/doping",information_extraction Are cats or dogs better?,,"The debate on if cats or dogs are better has been talked about for ages, there is no clear winner. Humans love being binary and needing to choose between one or the other. Each person is different, and can benefit from cats AND dogs in their life. You can like both cats and dogs, and like them equally as well.",open_qa When did ITV start broadcasting?,"The history of ITV, the United Kingdom ""Independent Television"" commercial network, goes back to 1955. Independent Television began as a network of independently-owned regional companies that were both broadcasters and programme makers, beginning with four companies operating six stations in three large regions in 1955–1956, and gradually expanding to 17 stations in 14 regions by 1962. Each regional station was responsible for its own branding, scheduling and advertising, with many peak-time programmes shared simultaneously across the whole network. By 29 February 2016, 12 regions in England and Wales shared national ITV branding and scheduling, and, together with a 13th region UTV in Northern Ireland, were owned by a single company, ITV plc. A further two regions in Scotland carry STV branding and are owned by the STV Group.",ITV first broadcast in 1955.,information_extraction What years was the BMW 1M made?,,"The BMW 1M was made in 2011 only. It was only manufactured with a 6-speed manual transmission, none were made with an automatic transmission. The 1M was originally manufactured in 3 colors: Alpine White, Sapphire Black, and Valencia Orange.",open_qa What are some questions I can ask my mom to get to know her better?,,"• What were your first few years of motherhood like for you? • Was there any family drama you protected me from when I was younger? • What is your happiest memory of us? • What do you look forward to? • What was the most memorable thing I ever did for you? • What's something you want me to always remember after you're gone? • What's your favorite thing to do with me, or with our family?",brainstorming Are turtles amphibians or reptiles?,,"Turtles are reptiles. Some may assume Turtles are amphibian because they live in water. But that is not the critical factor. Many other animals live in waters, such as whales or crocodiles. To be an amphibian the animal has to have life stage in which it exclusively lives and breathes in water such as frogs.",classification What are some of the easiest house plants to take care of?,,"Snake plant, Pothos Plant, ZZ Plant, Philodendron, Succulents",open_qa When should I take vitamin D?,"The UK National Health Service (NHS) recommends that people at risk of vitamin D deficiency, breast-fed babies, formula-fed babies taking less than 500 ml/day, and children aged 6 months to 4 years, should take daily vitamin D supplements throughout the year to ensure sufficient intake. This includes people with limited skin synthesis of vitamin D, who are not often outdoors, are frail, housebound, living in a care home, or usually wearing clothes that cover up most of the skin, or with dark skin, such as having an African, African-Caribbean or south Asian background. Other people may be able to make adequate vitamin D from sunlight exposure from April to September. The NHS and Public Health England recommend that everyone, including those who are pregnant and breastfeeding, consider taking a daily supplement containing 10 μg (400 IU) of vitamin D during autumn and winter because of inadequate sunlight for vitamin D synthesis.","If you live in England, NHS recommends that people with vitamin D deficiency take supplements, other people should get vitamin D directly from the sun from April to September and take a supplement containing 10 μg (400 IU) of vitamin D during autumn and winter.",summarization Give me a list of beginner friendly Python open source projects to contribute.,,"1. Ansible: IT automation platform for provisioning various resources 2. Jupyter notebook: Interactive notebook popular in data engineering and machine learning world. 3. Pandas: Flexible and powerful data analysis library beloved by data engineers, scientists and analysts. 4. Scrapy: Web crawling and scraping framework written in python. 5. scikit-learn: This library is power packed with implementation of various machine learning algorithms.",brainstorming What is a NBA super team?,,"NBA superteam is a term coined in the past decade that involves various all stars deciding to team up to play for a particular organization. The super team only works if the organization has enough money to pay everyone - so often super stars will take a pay cut to play with fellow super stars. Some recent super teams, regardless of success, include Nets (Harden, Durant, Kyrie, even Simmons), Warriors (Durant, Curry, Green, Thompson), Heat (Bosh, Wade, Lebron).",open_qa "Given these paragraphs about Natural hydrogen, can you name some of the countries where sources have been identified?","Natural hydrogen (known as white hydrogen), is naturally occurring molecular hydrogen on or in Earth (as opposed to hydrogen produced in the laboratory or in industry). The name white hydrogen distinguishes it from green hydrogen, which is produced from renewable energy sources, and from grey, brown or black hydrogen, which is obtained from fossil sources or from the electrolysis of water. Natural hydrogen may be renewable, non-polluting and allows for lower cost operation compared to industrial hydrogen. Natural hydrogen has been identified in many source rocks in areas beyond the sedimentary basins where oil companies typically operate. Origin of natural hydrogen There are several sources of natural hydrogen: - degassing of deep hydrogen from the Earth's crust and mantle; - reaction of water with ultrabasic rocks (serpentinisation); - contact of water with reducing agents in the Earth's mantle; - interaction of water with freshly exposed rock surfaces (weathering); - decomposition of hydroxyl ions in the structure of minerals; - Natural radiolysis of water; - decomposition of organic matter; - biological activity - Extraction - Natural hydrogen is extracted from wells, mixed with other gases such as nitrogen or helium. Several sources have been identified in France. Geologists Alain Prinzhofer and Eric Derville have demonstrated the existence of large reservoirs in a dozen countries, including Mali and the United States. However, their potential remains difficult to assess. Numerous emanations on the ocean floor have been identified but are difficult to exploit. The discovery of a significant emergence in Russia in 2008 suggests the possibility of extracting native hydrogen in geological environments. Geology Natural hydrogen is generated continuously from a variety of natural sources. There are many known hydrogen emergences on mid-ocean ridges. Another of the known reactions, serpentinisation, occurs under the sea floor (in the oceanic crust). Diagenetic origin (iron oxidation) in the sedimentary basins of cratons, notably in Russia. Other sources are being explored, such as mantle hydrogen, or hydrogen from radiolysis (natural electrolysis) or from bacterial activity. In France, the Alps and Pyrenees are suitable for exploitation. New Caledonia has hyperalkaline sources that show dihydrogen emissions. A large accumulation of natural hydrogen was discovered in Bourakebougou (Mali). Characteristics Dihydrogen is very soluble in fresh water, especially at depth (solubility increases with pressure). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_hydrogen","Several sources have been identified in France. Geologists Alain Prinzhofer and Eric Derville have demonstrated the existence of large reservoirs in a dozen countries, including Mali and the United States. However, their potential remains difficult to assess.",closed_qa What happens when you meditate?,,"The art of meditation has a long prolonged positive effect on human behaviour and thinking. The mind is equated to a jumping monkey that doesn't remain quiet. The restlessness that it builds can lead to health issues and sometimes uncontrollable behaviour. In general, meditation is to calm the mind and becoming the spectator or observer of the thoughts that rise in your consciousness. Now, let's break it down further ... It first starts with understanding of the 'self' which can be equated to mind in loose terms. Experiences happen to you in your waking state and the mind first starts labelling things. Negative experiences are profoundly deep rooted then positive ones. All these experiences gradually defines how you react to situations that shapes your individual personality. Do you know that there is a spectator within your mind more like a dual personality? it is the subject - object thing. The spectator within you is the observer of things and is often neutral. Idea of meditation is to remain a spectator for long periods of time and let fewer and fewer thoughts arise into your conscious state. At the end it leaves you a with a sense of accomplishment because as a spectator you're waiting and this deliberate attempt makes the thought (referred as devil) disappear.",open_qa Cyrus Mistry was the 6th Chairman of Tata Sons between between which years,,2012 and 2016,open_qa Where is Horsfieldia nervosa nervosa endemic to?,Horsfieldia nervosa is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo where it is confined to Sarawak.,Borneo,information_extraction Which is a species of fish? Slipmouth or Slipknot,,Slipmouth,classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cimbalom, Xiqin",,"Xiqin is string, Cimbalom is percussion.",classification Can you make a list of some cities I could visit in Spain?,,"Madrid, Sevilla, Barcelona, Segovia, Toledo, Cordoba, Cadiz",brainstorming "Are the following titles TV shows or movies: Seinfeld, Mash, Hogans Heroes, The Wizards of Waverly Place, and Friends.",,These titles are all TV shows.,classification Which of the 10 largest earthquakes was the deadliest?,"Largest Earthquakes ever recorded The 10 largest magnitudes in recorded history 1. Valdivia, Chile 22 May 1960 (magnitude 9.5) This earthquake killed 1655 people, injured 3000 and displaced two million. It caused US$550 million damage in Chile, while the tsunami that it spawned caused deaths and damage as far away as Hawaii, Japan and the Philippines. The 'rupture zone' of the quake was more than 1000 km long. Two days after the initial quake, the nearby volcano Puyehue erupted, sending ash and steam up to 6 km into the atmosphere over a period of several weeks. 2. Prince William Sound, Alaska 28 March 1964 (magnitude 9.2) Compared to the Chilean earthquake, this earthquake was less damaging: the resulting tsunami took 128 lives and caused overall US$311 million in damage. The earthquake was felt mainly over Alaska, as well as some places in Canada, while the tsunami created by it caused damage as far away as Hawaii. The most damage was sustained by the city of Anchorage, 120 km north-west of the epicentre. Shaking from the quake itself is reported to have lasted for three minutes. 3. Sumatra, Indonesia 26 December 2004 (magnitude 9.1) In terms of damage and loss of life, the scale of the disaster caused by the resulting Boxing Day Tsunami was enormous. In total, 227,900 people were killed or presumed dead, with around 1.7 million displaced over 14 countries in South Asia and East Africa. The epicentre was 250 km south-east of Band Aceh, Indonesia, at a depth of 30 km. Several days later on 28 December, a mud volcano began erupting near Baratang, Andamar Islands, which is thought to have been associated with the earthquake. 4. Sendai, Japan 11 March 2011 (magnitude 9.0) So far the official death toll stands at several thousand from the combined effect of the powerful earthquake, aftershocks and the tsunami. However, the total is expected to rise, with some estimates of a final toll of over 10,000. Economic impacts are expected to be huge, with the shutting down of nuclear reactors which many industries rely on for power. 5. Kamchatka, Russia 4 November 1952 (magnitude 9.0) This earthquake generated a tsunami that caused widespread damage in the Hawaiian Islands. Property damage was estimated at around US$1,000,000. Some reports describe waves of over 9 m high at Kaena Point, Oahu. A farmer on Oahu reported the loss of six cows to the tsunami, but no people were reported killed. 6. Bio-bio, Chile 27 February 2010 (magnitude 8.8) This earthquake and subsequent tsunami killed at least 521 people, with 56 missing and 12,000 injured. More than 800,000 people were displaced with a total of 1.8m people affected across Chile, where damage was estimated at US$30 billion. The epicentre was 335 km south-west of Santiago, at a depth of 35 km. A minor tsunami travelled across the Pacific causing damage to boats as far away as San Diego, California. 7. Off the coast of Ecuador 31 January 1906 (magnitude 8.8) This earthquake caused a tsunami that is reported to have killed between 500 and 1,500 in Ecuador and Colombia. The tsunami travelled as far north as San Francisco, on the west coast of the US, and west to Hawaii and Japan. The tsunami took roughly 12 hours to cross the Pacific to Hilo, Hawaii. 8. Rat Islands, Alaska 2 April 1965 (magnitude 8.7) The worst of the damage attributed to this earthquake was caused by a tsunami, reported to be about 10 m high on Shemya Island. The wave caused flooding on Amchitka Island, causing US$10,000 in property damage. No deaths or injuries were reported. 9. Sumatra, Indonesia 28 March 2005 (magnitude 8.6) This earthquake killed 1313, with over 400 people injured by the tsunami as far away as Sri Lanka. The epicentre was 205 km north-west of Sibolga, Sumatra, at a depth of 30 km. This region, also the site of the 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami, is particularly geologically active, with three of the 15 biggest known earthquakes having happened here. 10. Assam - Tibet 15 August 1950 (magnitude 8.6) This inland earthquake caused widespread damages to buildings as well as large landslides. 780 people were killed in eastern Tibet, with many villages and towns affected across Assam, China, Tibet and India. Oscillations to lake levels occurred as far away as Norway. The total death toll is likely to be higher, as no definitive total was ever estimated. While the earthquake itself is known as the Assam Earthquake, it is believed the epicentre may have been in Tibet.","The 2004 earthquake on Sumatra, Indonesia was the deadliest. It caused a tsunami that killed more than 200,000 people.",closed_qa "On a cross country roadtrip across the United States where we expect to drive for many hours per day, categorize each of the following as either 'necessary', 'somewhat necessary' or 'nice to have'. A bathroom break, a music playlist, snacks, a map.",,"On a cross country roadtrip across the United States a bathroom break is necessary. On a cross country roadtrip across the United States a music playlist is nice to have. On a cross country roadtrip across the United States snacks are nice to have. On a cross country roadtrip across the United States a a map is somewhat necessary.",classification "Tell me whether each airline is American or European: British Airways, United Airlines, Southwest Airlines, Jet Blue, Easy Jet, Ryan Air",,"British Airways: European United Airlines: American Southwest Airlines: American Jet Blue: American Easy Jet: European Ryan Air: European",classification What are the different types of shots in ice hockey,,"-Slapshot -Wrist shot -Backhand -Snapshot",brainstorming What was Angie Thomas's first published novel?,,"""The Hate U Give"" which was released in 2017 and debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list.",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the entities which bestowed an award on Jensen Huang.","In 1999, Jensen Huang was named Entrepreneur of the Year in High Technology by Ernst & Young.[citation needed] In 2003, Huang received the Dr. Morris Chang Exemplary Leadership Award, which recognizes a leader who has made exceptional contributions to driving the development, innovation, growth, and long-term opportunities of the fabless semiconductor industry, from the Fabless Semiconductor Association. He was also a National Finalist for the EY Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 2003 and was an Award Recipient for the Northern California region in 1999.[citation needed] Additionally, Huang is a recipient of the Daniel J. Epstein Engineering Management Award from the University of Southern California and was named an Alumni Fellow by Oregon State University. Huang was awarded an honorary doctorate from Oregon State University at the June 13, 2009, commencement ceremony. In 2018, Huang was listed in the inaugural Edge 50, naming the world's top 50 influencers in edge computing. In October 2019, Harvard Business Review named Jensen Huang best-performing CEO in the world. In November 2020, Jensen Huang was named ""Supplier CEO of the year"" by Eurostars AutomotiveNewsEurope. Huang was awarded an honorary doctorate from National Taiwan University at the school anniversary in November, 2020.[better source needed] In August 2021, the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) announced that Jensen Huang is the 2021 recipient of the industry’s highest honor, the Robert N. Noyce Award. In September 2021, he was included in the Time 100, Time's annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world.","Jensen Huang received awards from: 1) Ernst & Young, 2) Fabless Semiconductor Association, 3) EY (Ernst & Young), 4) University of Southern California, 5) Oregon State University, 6) Harvard Business Review, 7) Eurostars AutomotiveNewsEurope, 8) National Taiwan University, 9) Semiconductor Industry Association, 10) Time magazine.",information_extraction "Although Chicago isn't located on either coast of the United States, what factors continue to contribute to its economic success?","Chicago is an international hub for finance, culture, commerce, industry, education, technology, telecommunications, and transportation. It is the site of the creation of the first standardized futures contracts, issued by the Chicago Board of Trade, which today is part of the largest and most diverse derivatives market in the world, generating 20% of all volume in commodities and financial futures alone. O'Hare International Airport is routinely ranked among the world's top six busiest airports according to tracked data by the Airports Council International. The region also has the largest number of federal highways and is the nation's railroad hub. The Chicago area has one of the highest gross domestic products (GDP) in the world, generating $689 billion in 2018. The economy of Chicago is diverse, with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. It is home to several Fortune 500 companies, including Archer-Daniels-Midland, Conagra Brands, Exelon, JLL, Kraft Heinz, McDonald's, Mondelez International, Motorola Solutions, Sears, and United Airlines Holdings.","Even though Chicago is the biggest major in-land city in America, its diverse economic sectors allows it maintain its status as a competitive global city. Chicago is the country's main railroad hub. Not only is it paramount to the transportation of goods nationally, but its ability to ensure that not a single industry dominates more than 14% of the city's workforce helps its economic endeavors. Having one of the most active airports in the world and an infrastructure proven to be conducive to a plethora of industries, it makes it an ideal location for companies to plant their headquarters as Exelon, JLL, McDonald's, and Motorola all have done.",closed_qa Identify different ways to achieve safe atmospheric entry for space shuttles and provide a bullet list.,"To return to Earth, the escape velocity of the Moon must be overcome for the spacecraft to escape the gravity well of the Moon. Rockets must be used to leave the Moon and return to space. Upon reaching Earth, atmospheric entry techniques are used to absorb the kinetic energy of a returning spacecraft and reduce its speed for safe landing. These functions greatly complicate a moon landing mission and lead to many additional operational considerations. Any moon departure rocket must first be carried to the Moon's surface by a moon landing rocket, increasing the latter's required size. The Moon departure rocket, larger moon landing rocket and any Earth atmosphere entry equipment such as heat shields and parachutes must in turn be lifted by the original launch vehicle, greatly increasing its size by a significant and almost prohibitive degree.","- Reduce speed and absorb kinetic energy on reentry. - Use heat shields - Use parachutes",information_extraction What is the best way to make an AreoPress coffee,,"Ingredients: 30g of Coffee Medium Grind, 150-250ml of 86º Water Steps: Rinse AreoPress filter and set aside. Invert AreoPress, place on scale, and fill with ground coffee. Tare the scale, start a timer and begin filling AreoPress with water making sure to saturate the grounds. Stop pouring when when the scale reads 100g, adjust your pour so that this process takes around 10s. Stir vigorously for 20s then place your filter and lid on the AreoPress. When the timer reads 40s press the air out of the AreoPress. When the timer reads 45s flip the areopress, placing it on top of your cup. Press the body of the AreoPress to push out the coffee. Now add between 50-150ml of water according to your taste and stir to combine. Finally, enjoy your coffee.",creative_writing Why is the 1980 gold medal match in hockey called the 'Miracle on Ice'?,,"The US Olympic hockey team was a heavy underdog against the Soviets in 1980, and their victory over the Soviets was a surprise to nearly everyone. As the game concluded, Al Michaels, the play-by-play announcer for the game, exclaimed ""Do you believe in miracles? Yes!', and because many people around the world watched the game on television, the game became known as the 'Miracle on Ice'.",open_qa "What season are each of these associated with? Snow, flowers, beaches, pumpkins",,"Snow: winter, flowers: spring, beaches: summer, pumpkins: fall",classification What is the difference between a compact and economy-sized car?,,"These two terms are typically used at car rental agencies to refer to the size of the car, with economy the smallest available rental car and compact one size larger.",open_qa What is an anemone?,,"Anemone can be a small plant on land with pink, blue or white flowers or a soft sea creature living on the rocks under the water and resembling a flower.",open_qa List some American candy bars that have chocolate and caramel.,,"Twix, Snickers, Rolo, Caramel M&Ms, Milky Way, Milk Duds",open_qa What are startup fundraising rounds?,,"Startups that choose to raise money from investors typically fundraise in rounds. A startup will usually first raise money for its idea from the friends and family of the founders. This is called the ""Friends and Family Round"". After this is the ""Seed Round"" in which the startup will raise capital from other investors, typically angel investors and venture capital firms. Subsequent to the ""Seed Round"" is the ""Series A"". This capital is typically raised from venture capital and larger investors. Every subsequent fundraising round is the next letter in the alphabet: Series B, Series C, etc.",open_qa Make a packing list for a picnic at the beach.,,"You should bring the following items for a picnic at the beach: Sunscreen, sunglasses, beach towels, umbrella, folding beach chairs, ice chest, drinks, ice, sandwiches, chips and salsa.",brainstorming Write about a peculiar dream you have had,,"I had the most intriguing dream last night. I always remember my dreams starting in the middle of the story. It feels very natural and there is logical prelude to the event I am going through, but I don’t remember per say. In this dream I was taking part in my final university exams. This is a recurring dream I have. I was right before the beginning of the exam and could not remember any of my classes of the year. On the way to the exam room I was asking all my friends to share their knowledge with me to catch up. I was trying to locate my class book in my backpack in an attempt to read through it one last time as the class doors were getting closer and closer. My anxiety was raising. When the doors opened, instead of entering a classroom. , I stepped onto a meadow on a sunny afternoon. Very naturally my exam became a scavenger hunt to find pages of my book hidden in trees or floating on the lake. I was not surprised and quickly went about looking for a boat to retrieve the pages floating on the lake. As I was on the boat I discovered I could float and even fly, which made it much easier to go after all the pages. Dreams are always interesting to remember. They often revolve around common topics or events, like taking exams or flying and any many other events. I have read that dreams have meaning, I will need to research the meaning of this sequence of events.",creative_writing "For following Apps in Apple Store, help me classify them into different categories, categories include Business, Developer Tools, Education, Games, Music. Here is the App list: Slack, Microsoft Excel, WPS Office, Apple Developer, Xcode, CodeRunner 4, Termius -SSH&SFTP client, Kahoot, Duolingo, Complete Anatomy 23, SimCity, Civilization VI, NBA 2k23, Angry Birds, GarageBand, Spotify, QQ Music",,"Here is the classification result based on the provided categories: For Business: Slack, Microsoft Excel, WPS Office For Developer Tools: Apple Developer, Xcode, CodeRunner 4, Termius -SSH&SFTP client For Education: Kahoot, Duolingo, Complete Anatomy 23 For Games: SimCity, Civilization VI, NBA 2k23, Angry Birds For Music: GarageBand, Spotify, QQ Music",classification "Given these paragraphs about the founding of Tesla, who else part from Elon Musk and J. B. Straubel are co-founders of Tesla?","The company was incorporated as Tesla Motors, Inc. on July 1, 2003, by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning. Eberhard and Tarpenning served as CEO and CFO, respectively. Eberhard said he wanted to build ""a car manufacturer that is also a technology company"", with its core technologies as ""the battery, the computer software, and the proprietary motor"". Ian Wright was Tesla's third employee, joining a few months later. In February 2004, the company raised $7.5 million in series A funding, including $6.5 million from Elon Musk, who had received $100 million from the sale of his interest in PayPal two years earlier. Musk became the chairman of the board of directors and the largest shareholder of Tesla. J. B. Straubel joined Tesla in May 2004 as chief technical officer. A lawsuit settlement agreed to by Eberhard and Tesla in September 2009 allows all five – Eberhard, Tarpenning, Wright, Musk, and Straubel – to call themselves co-founders.","Eberhard, Tarpenning and Wright",closed_qa What is Douglas Stuart Moore's best remembered for?,"Douglas Stuart Moore (August 10, 1893 – July 25, 1969) was an American composer, songwriter, organist, pianist, conductor, educator, actor, and author. A composer who mainly wrote works with an American subject, his music is generally characterized by lyricism in a popular or conservative style which generally eschewed the more experimental progressive trends of musical modernism. Composer Virgil Thomson described Moore as a neoromantic composer who was influenced by American folk music. While several of his works enjoyed popularity during his lifetime, only his folk opera The Ballad of Baby Doe (1956) has remained well known into the 21st century.",The Ballad of Baby Doe (1956) as it has remained well known into the 21st century.,closed_qa Can you recommend best taco places in Austin?,,"Guero's on S Congress offers great breakfast tacos with reasonable prices and diverse choices. Taco 620 can be hard to spot as it is a food truck located at the corner of FM 620 and FM 2222. But you can’t miss its delicious breakfast tacos. It offers only the classics: egg & potato and egg & cheese. The tacos are fresh, soft and tasty. For more formal choices for lunch or dinner, Cuantos on 12th St and Suerte on 6th St are Mexican restaurants with great seating area and lovely vibes for dating or friends/family gatherings.",brainstorming What awards did Tendulkar receive based on the above passage? Use the format ‘Award name (year)’ in a comma separated list to present the result.,"Tendulkar has received several awards from the government of India: the Arjuna Award (1994), the Khel Ratna Award (1997), the Padma Shri (1998), and the Padma Vibhushan (2008). After Tendulkar played his last match in November 2013, the Prime Minister's Office announced the decision to award him the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award. He was the first sportsperson to receive the reward, and as of 2021, he is the youngest recipient and was the first sportsperson to receive the award. In 2012, Tendulkar was nominated to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India. In 2010, Time included Tendulkar in its annual list of the most influential people in the world. Tendulkar was awarded the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for cricketer of the year at the 2010 International Cricket Council (ICC) Awards. Having retired from ODI cricket in 2012, he retired from all forms of cricket in November 2013 after playing his 200th Test match. Tendulkar played 664 international cricket matches in total, scoring 34,357 runs. In 2013, Tendulkar was included in an all-time Test World XI to mark the 150th anniversary of Wisden Cricketers' Almanack, and he was the only specialist batsman of the post–World War II era, along with Viv Richards, to get featured in the team. In 2019, he was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.","Arjuna Award (1994), Khel Ratna Award (1997), Padma Shri (1998), Padma Vibhushan (2008), Bharat Ratna, Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy (2010)",information_extraction What is C?,,"C is a general-purpose computer programming language. It was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie, and remains very widely used and influential. By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted CPUs. It has found lasting use in operating systems, device drivers, protocol stacks, though decreasingly for application software. C is commonly used on computer architectures that range from the largest supercomputers to the smallest microcontrollers and embedded systems.",open_qa "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Goat, Reindeer",,"Goat is domesticated, Reindeer is wild.",classification What are the top graph databases?,,"1. Neo4j 2. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB 3. Virtuoso 4. ArangoDB 5. Amazon Neptune",open_qa Extract the different foods a giant panda eats from this passage in wild and captive. Place them in two separate bulleted lists with heading as 'Wild' and 'Captive',"The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca, sometimes panda bear or simply panda) is a bear species endemic to China. It is characterised by its bold black-and-white coat and rotund body. The name ""giant panda"" is sometimes used to distinguish it from the red panda, a neighboring musteloid. Though it belongs to the order Carnivora, the giant panda is a folivore, with bamboo shoots and leaves making up more than 99% of its diet. Giant pandas in the wild occasionally eat other grasses, wild tubers, or even meat in the form of birds, rodents, or carrion. In captivity, they may receive honey, eggs, fish, yams, shrub leaves, oranges, or bananas along with specially prepared food.","Wild - Bamboo shoots - Leaves - Grasses - Wild tubers - Meat of birds, rodents or carrion Captive - Honey - Eggs - Fish - Yams - Shrub leaves - Oranges - Bananas",information_extraction What are some popular game shows that can be watched on TV?,,"Popular game shows that can be watched on TV are Jeopardy!, Family Feud, and The Price is Right.",open_qa From the passage identify the places where Bacteria inhabits. Display the results in comma separated format.,"Bacteria (/bækˈtɪəriə/ (listen); singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. Most bacteria have not been characterised and there are many species that cannot be grown in the laboratory. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology.","soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, deep biosphere of Earth's crust",information_extraction What kind of species is the Olivella rehderi,,"Olivella rehderi is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives. Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives.",open_qa What is a mortgage?,,"A mortgage loan or simply mortgage, in civil law jurisdicions known also as a hypothec loan, is a loan used either by purchasers of real property to raise funds to buy real estate, or by existing property owners to raise funds for any purpose while putting a lien on the property being mortgaged. The loan is ""secured"" on the borrower's property through a process known as mortgage origination. This means that a legal mechanism is put into place which allows the lender to take possession and sell the secured property (""foreclosure"" or ""repossession"") to pay off the loan in the event the borrower defaults on the loan or otherwise fails to abide by its terms. The word mortgage is derived from a Law French term used in Britain in the Middle Ages meaning ""death pledge"" and refers to the pledge ending (dying) when either the obligation is fulfilled or the property is taken through foreclosure. A mortgage can also be described as ""a borrower giving consideration in the form of a collateral for a benefit (loan)"".",open_qa "Identify which of the following are members of House Targaryen or House Baratheon: Visenya, Aenar, Aegon, Aerys, Daenerys, Viserys, Orys, Argella, Robert, Steffon, Renly",,"House Targaryen: Visenya, Aenar, Aegon, Aerys, Daenerys, Viserys House Baratheon: Orys, Argella, Robert, Steffon, Renly",classification What can I do at the airport?,,"When you get to the airport there are a lot of things you can do. You can eat a meal, stand at the window of the terminal and watch planes land and take off, or play. You can also sit and read a good book, meditate, drink alcohol, exercise by walking between different terminals, or get to know someone new sitting next you. If none of these things interest you then you can also work on your smartphone or computer, watch a movie on them, browse pictures and images, or play game.",open_qa "What are some of the highest-rated episodes of The X-Files, based on viewer's ratings?",,"According to IMDB, users on the site have ranked the following as the top ten episodes from The X-Files: Bad Blood, Clyde Bruckman's Final Repose, Anasazi, Dreamland, Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man, Paper Clip, Redux II, The Erlenmeyer Flask, Jose Chung's From Outer Space, and Small Potatoes.",open_qa "Based on the given text, can you please. list some important aspects of colour theory","According to traditional color theory based on subtractive primary colors and the RYB color model, yellow mixed with purple, orange mixed with blue, or red mixed with green produces an equivalent gray and are the painter's complementary colors. These contrasts form the basis of Chevreul's law of color contrast: colors that appear together will be altered as if mixed with the complementary color of the other color. A piece of yellow fabric placed on a blue background will appear tinted orange because orange is the complementary color to blue. However, when complementary colors are chosen based on the definition by light mixture, they are not the same as the artists' primary colors. This discrepancy becomes important when color theory is applied across media. Digital color management uses a hue circle defined according to additive primary colors (the RGB color model), as the colors in a computer monitor are additive mixtures of light, not subtractive mixtures of paints.","1. The painter's complementary colour based on subtractive primary colour and the RYB colour model, can be made by mixing yellow with purple, orange with blue, or red with green and it produces an equivalent gray. 2. Since orange is complimentary colour of blue, A piece of yellow fabric placed on a blue background will appear as orange. 3. When complementary colours are chosen based on the definition of light mixture, they are not the same as the primary colour. 4. The digital colour management uses a hue circle of additive primary colour also known as the RGB colour model. 5. The colorus in a computer monitor are additive mixtures of light.",summarization "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Polacanthus, Olive Ridley Turtle",,"Olive Ridley Turtle is alive, Polacanthus is extinct.",classification When did the England national team last win the football World Cup,,"In 1966 the England football team won the FIFA World Cup, defeating West Germany 4-2",open_qa Who created the tech company Apple?,,Steve Jobs was the founder of Apple,open_qa Give a short bulleted list of key points in the history of coffee,"The history of coffee dates back to centuries of old oral tradition in modern day Ethiopia. However, neither where coffee was first cultivated nor direct evidence of its consumption prior to the 15th century have been found. Sufi monasteries in Yemen employed coffee as an aid to concentration during prayers. Coffee later spread to the Levant and Persia in the early 16th century; it caused some controversy on whether it was halal in Ottoman and Mamluk society. Coffee arrived in Italy the second half of the 16th century through commercial Mediterranean trade routes, while Central and Eastern Europeans learnt of coffee from the Ottomans. By the mid 17th century, it had reached India and the East Indies. Coffee houses would establish themselves in Western Europe by the late 17th century, especially in England and Germany. One of the earliest cultivations of coffee in the New World was when Gabriel de Clieu brought coffee seedlings to Martinique in 1720. These beans later sprouted 18,680 coffee trees which enabled its spread to other Caribbean islands like Saint-Domingue and also to Mexico. By 1788, Saint-Domingue supplied half the world's coffee. By 1852, globally, Brazil became the largest producer of coffee and has held that status ever since. The period since 1950 saw the widening of the playing field due to the emergence of several other major producers, notably Colombia, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, and Vietnam; the latter overtook Colombia and became the second-largest producer in 1999. Modern production techniques along with the mass productization of coffee has made it a household item today.","* Oral tradition has coffee drinking originating in modern day Ethiopia * Sufi monasteries in Yemen used coffee to aid prayers in the 15th century * Spread to the Levant and Persia in the 16th century * Arrived in Italy in the second half of the 16th century via Ottoman empire * By mid-17th century had arrived in India and the East Indies * Established in Western Europe by the late 17th century, especially in England and Germany * First cultivated in Martinique in the New World in 1720 and spread to Sanit-Domingue and Mexico * By 1852 Brazil had become the world's largest coffee producer * Since 1950 the major growers have been Colombia, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, and Vietnam",summarization What are five things I could do with a broken surfboard?,,"1. You could repair it and keep using it as a surfboard 2. You could use the materials to make a new surfboard that is smaller than the original one 3. You could use it as a decoration 4. You could use it as a canvas for artwork 5. You could recycle the foam inside of it and use it for various purposes such as making concrete pavers or filling an item that needs foam",brainstorming Who is the next superpower country?,"Currently, only the United States fulfills the criteria to be considered a superpower. However, the United States is no longer the only uncontested foremost superpower and the world's sole hyperpower to dominate in every domain (i.e. military, culture, economy, technology, diplomatic). Since the 1990s, China, the European Union, India, and Russia have been commonly described as potential superpowers. Japan was formerly considered a potential superpower due to its high economic growth. However, its status as a potential superpower has eroded since the 1990s due to an aging population and economic stagnation.","A nation with the capacity to have great power and influence on the international stage is considered a prospective superpower. These nations have the ability to significantly influence the world due to their combination of economic, political, and military might. While the United States and the Soviet Union were generally considered superpowers during the Cold War, the phrase has now come to refer to other nations as well. Because of its fast expanding economy and military might, China is sometimes mentioned as a potential superpower. The nation's Belt and Road Initiative is viewed as a major step toward enhancing its worldwide influence. India, on the other hand, is a possible threat because of its enormous population, quickly expanding economy, and potent military. Due to its combined economic and political might, the European Union is another prospective superpower. Despite having a small military, it has a substantial amount of influence and soft power. Another nation that has been mentioned as a prospective superpower is Russia, which has a sizable military and abundant natural resources. Yet, recent economic troubles could hinder its ability to rise to superpower status. Brazil's enormous population, wealth of natural resources, and expanding economy are other factors that make it a prospective powerhouse. The nation's participation in international negotiations on climate change as well as its leadership in Latin America have contributed to an increase in its impact on the global scene.",summarization "How best should I travel from London to Edinburgh, UK ?",,"There are 3 main options for traveling between London and Edinburgh, UK. By car you will take the A1 north from London almost 7-8 hours depending on traffic. By train there is now an express train getting you from London Kings Cross to Edinburgh in under 4 hours. By plane you can fly from London City, London Gatwick or London Heathrow. The flight itself is only about 30-45mins, but with checkin and travel to either Heathrow or Gatwick the total travel time would also be close to 3-4 hours.",creative_writing "Classify each of the following as either a sports car or family car: porsche cayman, subaru brz, toyota camry?",,"porsche cayman: sports car subaru brz: sports car toyota camry: family car",classification Who married Beyonce in 2008?,,Jay Z,open_qa What is an allele?,,"An allele is a variation of the same sequence of nucleotides at the same place on a long DNA molecule, as described in leading textbooks on genetics and evolution. The word ""Allele"" is a short form of ""allelomorph"". ""The chromosomal or genomic location of a gene or any other genetic element is called a locus (plural: loci) and alternative DNA sequences at a locus are called alleles."" The simplest alleles are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), but they can also be insertions and deletions of up to several thousand base pairs. Popular definitions of 'allele' typically refer only to different alleles within genes. For example, the ABO blood grouping is controlled by the ABO gene, which has six common alleles (variants). In population genetics, nearly every living human's phenotype for the ABO gene is some combination of just these six alleles. Most alleles observed result in little or no change in the function of the gene product it codes for. However, sometimes, different alleles can result in different observable phenotypic traits, such as different pigmentation. A notable example of this is Gregor Mendel's discovery that the white and purple flower colors in pea plants were the result of a single gene with two alleles. Nearly all multicellular organisms have two sets of chromosomes at some point in their biological life cycle; that is, they are diploid. In this case, the chromosomes can be paired. Each chromosome in the pair contains the same genes in the same order, and place, along the length of the chromosome. For a given gene, if the two chromosomes contain the same allele, they, and the organism, are homozygous with respect to that gene. If the alleles are different, they, and the organism, are heterozygous with respect to that gene.",open_qa Name some fruits that have green skin.,,"Grapes, Green Apples and Avocados all have green skin.",brainstorming What can you tell me about about the Landscape Arch in Arches National Park in Utah?,"The arch is among many in the Devils Garden area in the north of the park. Landscape Arch was named by Frank Beckwith who explored the area in the winter of 1933–1934 as the leader of an Arches National Monument scientific expedition. The arch can be reached by a 0.8 mi (1.3 km) graded gravel trail. The Natural Arch and Bridge Society (NABS) considers Landscape Arch the fifth longest natural arch in the world, after four arches in China. In 2004, the span of Landscape Arch was measured at 290.1 ft (88.4 m), ±0.8 ft (0.24 m), with a height of 77.5 ft (23.6 m). NABS measured the span of the slightly shorter Kolob Arch in Zion National Park at 287 ft (87 m) in 2006. The most recent recorded rockfall events occurred in the 1990s when one large slab fell in 1991 and then two additional large rockfalls occurred in 1995. Since the rockfalls, the trail beneath the arch has been closed.","The Landscape Arch is a natural arch considered the fifth longest natural arch in the world. It is located in the Arches National Park in Utah, USA. You can get to the arch by walking along a low-graded train in the park. The arch has recently lost some of its slabs due to rockfalls.",summarization What tools Aloy can exploit to survive in the world? give me the category and examples in the format {category} - {examples},"Horizon Zero Dawn is an action role-playing game played from a third-person view. Players take control of Aloy, a hunter who ventures through a post-apocalyptic land ruled by robotic creatures. Aloy can kill enemies in a variety of ways – shooting them with arrows, setting traps such as tripwires using the Tripcaster, using explosives, and a spear. Machine components, including electricity and the metal they are composed of, are vital to Aloy's survival; she can loot their remains for crafting resources. Ammo, resource satchels, pouches, quivers, resistance, antidotes, health potions, and traps can all be crafted. Weapons have modification slots for dealing more damage. Aloy wears a Focus, a small head piece that scans machines to determine their susceptibilities, identify their location, their level, and the nature of loot they will drop. One machine, the Stalker, can enable cloaking technology to avert the gaze of Aloy's Focus scan. Machines attack with defensive and offensive measures, and in either case react to a perceived threat by charging at it with brute force or projectiles. Exhibiting the behaviour of wild animals, some machines are inclined to move in herds, and others, with the ability to fly, do so in flocks. Unless hacked with the Override Tool, or sufficiently hit with corruption arrows, machines do not exert aggressive force against each other. Aloy also engages in battle with human enemies, such as bandits and the Eclipse cult.","weapons: arrows, tripwires using the Tripcaster, explosives, spear resources: Ammo, resource satchels, pouches, quivers, resistance, antidotes, health potions, traps technology: Focus, Override Tool",information_extraction What are the 7 continents in the world,,"Asia Africa Antarctica Europe North America South America Australia",open_qa Which countries produces the most wine?,,"As of 2021, the following countries have produced the most wine (decreasing order): - Italy - France - Spain - United States of America - Australia - Chile - Argentina - South Africa - Germany - Portugal",brainstorming What is the plot of One-Punch Man?,"On a supercontinent version of Earth that has four Moons, powerful monsters and supervillains wreak havoc. The millionaire Agoni creates the Hero Association, which employs superheroes to fight evil. Saitama, an unassociated hero, hails from City Z and performs heroic deeds as a hobby. For three years, he has trained enough to defeat any enemy with a single punch, his unmatched strength leaving him bored. He becomes a reluctant mentor to Genos, a cyborg seeking revenge against another cyborg who killed his family and destroyed his hometown, after Saitama defeats a monster that defeated Genos.","One-Punch Man is a manga and an anime about a protagonist, Saitama, who can defeat all of his enemies with one punch. It takes place on a version of Earth with one supercontinent and 4 moons, which has regular monster and supervillain attacks. To combat this, a Hero association was formed, but the protagonist is not part of this association and simply performs heroic deeds because he was bored. One of the highest ranked heros of the Hero association, Genos, sees Saitama's strength and becomes his disciple after Saitama beat a monster that beat Genos.",summarization "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ravanne, Sursingar",,"Sursingar is string, Ravanne is percussion.",classification "If you found yourself washed up on a deserted tropical island with no hope for immediate rescue, what would you do?",,"The immediate first step is to ensure you are not materially injured. Assuming your only manifestation of harm is a psychological roller coaster of fear, anger and hopelessness, your best course of action is to attend to your basic needs first. Locate a protected space away from the wind but not too deep into the surrounding jungle, built a fire pit and gather enough combustable materials to carry you through the first few evenings. Find fresh water and someway to hold it (open coconut shells / fashioned palm leave bowls etc) - DO NOT DRINK IT until you boil it first over your new fire so you mitigate the risk of getting sick. Before your first nightfall with secure fire and water taken care of, build yourself a make shift shelter so you are protected from the elements and yet to be discovered critters. Day two, focus your energies gathering food (coconuts / seaweed / clams etc) so you keep your energy high. Once your very basic needs are met (shelter / water / food to survive), its time to fashion a fishing pole and a sharp spear out of bamboo so you can fish and hunt for birds to expand your food sources. Day three, focus your energy on building yourself a more permanent shelter. Explore the island for wood and rock sources; along with large palm leave you can fashion rope from. While exploring your new home, look for caves and / or places where you could construct a tree fort so you can improve your protected living space. Week 2, once your new living quarters are secured and you have sustainable methods to care for your basic needs, climb to the highest point of the island and look for nearby islands / land and any indication of human habitation. While searching for these indicators, assess methods of island escape to get through any surf and start tracking wind and weather patterns daily so you can get a feel for the seasonal rotations. Week 3 +, dedicate 3-4 hours a day to building signal fires and SOS stone messages that overheard planes may be able to detect. It is also important to manage your mental health and track daily changes so you keep your sanity in check as you adjust to the new reality. Create a way to chronicle your experiences. One day you will escape your island and can sell your story to Hollywood. Of course, if you never do escape, you will at least have the comfort of leaving something behind for eventual discovery of proof you did survive the incident that landed you on this island.",creative_writing "Classify these alcoholic beverages as bourbon, wine, or beer: Budweiser, Blanton's, Devil's Backbone, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Yellowstone, Elijah Craig, Pinot Grigio, Yeungling, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Samuel Adams, Sierra Nevada, Baker's, Basil Hayden, Eagle Rare, Merlot, Jim Beam, Coors Light, Jack Daniels, Heineken, Miller Lite",,"Bourbons: Blanton's, Yellowstone, Elijah Craig, Baker's, Basil Hayden, Eagle Rare, Jim Beam, Jack Daniels. Wine: Chardonnay, Pinor Noir, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot. Beer: Budweiser, Devil's Backbone, Yeungling, Samuel Adams, Sierra Nevada, Coors Light, Heineken, Miller Lite",classification What is Go?,,"Go is a statically typed, compiled high-level programming language designed at Google by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. It is syntactically similar to C, but with memory safety, garbage collection, structural typing, and CSP-style concurrency. It is often referred to as Golang because of its former domain name, golang.org, but its proper name is Go.",open_qa What are people from Wisconsin also referred to as?,,"Some people refer to people from Wisconsin as Cheeseheads because of the amount of dairy that is produced by the state. It was a derogatory term set in from a local sports rivalry with people from Illinois, however the Cheeseheads from Wisconsin embraced it, and now wear Cheesehead hats to local sporting events.",open_qa Who set the first Guinness World Record for swimming under ice?,"Swimming under ice. On 16 March 2000, Hof set the Guinness World Record for farthest swim under ice on his second attempt, with a distance of 57.5 metres (188.6 feet). Hof's first attempt the day before failed when he began his swim without goggles and his corneas froze solid and blinded him. A rescue diver pulled him to the surface after he passed out. The record has been broken several times since and is 265 feet (81 m) as of 2022.""","On 16 March 2000, Wim Hof set the Guinness World Record for thre farthest swim under ice, with a distance of 57.5 metres (188.6 feet).",closed_qa Is the Earth round?,,"The planet Earth is generally considered to be round, although it is not a perfect sphere. The poles are slightly depressed, making the Earth slightly thicker around the equator.",open_qa Was there an industrial revolution during the middle ages?,,"Most economic historians would argue that an industrial revolution would require widespread use of coal for heating, mechanical power generation, and metal making. In that sense, there was no medieval industrial revolution. However, widespread investment in windmills, water wheels, and canals did help the European economy grow and improve the living standards of the average medieval peasant. Similarly, cross border trade in bulk commodities like wool and wine allowed for an international division of labor, with the associated improvement in productivity and living standards. By the end of the Middle Ages, mechanical clocks had become ubiquitous: plenty of craftsmen had the precision metalworking skills to build these complex machines, and even more people could afford to buy them. Not quire an industrial revolution, but certainly a prosperous society taking the first steps towards automation.",open_qa Summarize the rulers of the territory of Albania in this time period.,"The Illyrian Ardiaei tribe, centred in Montenegro, ruled over most of the territory of Albania. Their Ardiaean Kingdom reached its greatest extent under King Agron, the son of Pleuratus II. Agron extended his rule over other neighbouring tribes as well. Following Agron's death in 230 BC, his wife, Teuta, inherited the Ardiaean kingdom. Teuta's forces extended their operations further southwards to the Ionian Sea. In 229 BC, Rome declared war on the kingdom for extensively plundering Roman ships. The war ended in Illyrian defeat in 227 BC. Teuta was eventually succeeded by Gentius in 181 BC. Gentius clashed with the Romans in 168 BC, initiating the Third Illyrian War. The conflict resulted in Roman conquest of the region by 167 BC. The Romans split the region into three administrative divisions.","King Agron ruled the territory of Albania, followed by his wife Teuta from 230 BC, and then Gentius from 181 BC. The Romans conquered the region in 167 BC.",summarization What is Arsenal FC?,,"Arsenal Football Club is an English professional football club based in Islington, London. Arsenal plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The club has won 13 league titles (including one unbeaten title), a record 14 FA Cups, two League Cups, 16 FA Community Shields, one European Cup Winners' Cup, and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. In terms of trophies won, it is the third-most successful club in English football. Arsenal was the first club from the South of England to join the Football League in 1893, and they reached the First Division in 1904. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division, and have won the second-most top-flight matches in English football history. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1989 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position. Between 1998 and 2017, Arsenal qualified for the UEFA Champions League for nineteen consecutive seasons. Herbert Chapman, who changed the fortunes of Arsenal forever, won the club its first silverware, and his legacy led the club to dominate the 1930s decade; Chapman, however, died of pneumonia in 1934, aged 55. He helped introduce the WM formation, floodlights, and shirt numbers; he also added the white sleeves and brighter red to the club's jersey. Arsène Wenger is the longest-serving manager and won the most trophies. He won a record seven FA Cups, and his title-winning team set an English record for the longest top-flight unbeaten league run at 49 games between 2003 and 2004, receiving the nickname The Invincibles. In 1886, munitions workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich founded the club as Dial Square. In 1913 the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, becoming close neighbours of Tottenham Hotspur, and creating the North London derby. In 2006, they moved to the nearby Emirates Stadium. With an annual revenue of £340.3m in the 2019–20 season, Arsenal was estimated to be worth US$2.68 billion by Forbes, making it the world's eighth most valuable club, while it is one of the most followed on social media.The motto of the club has long been Victoria Concordia Crescit, Latin for ""Victory Through Harmony"".",open_qa "Classify the below based on whether continent or ocean- Asia, Africa, North America, Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia",,"Continent - Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Australia Ocean - Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic",classification Can airplanes land in windy conditions?,,"Yes, airplanes can generally land in windy conditions, but there are limits. Strong, stable winds along the runway direction (or close to it) is generally not a problem. The most challenging are gusty winds and crosswinds. Gusty winds make a stabilized approach to the runway more difficult, while crosswinds make it harder to stay aligned with the runway.",open_qa What causes leaves to change color in fall,,"Leaves are green due to the presence of chlorophyll. During the spring and summer months when trees are growing, there's an abundance of chlorophyll pigments in the leaves. Chlorophyll serves the vital function of capturing sun rays and converting it to energy for the plants i.e, plants food & source of nourishment. In late summer, early fall as the days shorten there's less solar energy and thus Chlorophyll starts to breakdown giving way for other pigments such as Carotenoids to become more obvious and there orange-yellow-red colors to surface giving the trees the famous ""fall color"" look",open_qa Why do birds migrate north to south for the colder months in the north?,"Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south, along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by the availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funneled onto specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea.","Birds primarily migrate due to the availability of food in warmer climates. The north is a breeding ground, while the south is their wintering ground.",summarization Which airport should I fly if I go to San Francisco Bay Area?,,"There are 3 major airports in San Francisco Bay Area: San Francisco International Airport (SFO), Oakland International Airport (OAK), and San Jose International Airport (SJC). They are located in different areas in Bay Area and serves different neighborhoods. If you are flying to San Francisco or Peninsula area, San Francisco Internal Airport is the most convenient airport. If you go to East Bay, such as UC Berkeley or Oakland, Oakland International Airport is the best option. If you go to South Bay, such as Palo Alto, Mountain View, San Jose, then San Jose International Airport would be your destination.",creative_writing What are the differences between Data Lakehouse vs Data Warehouse vs Data lake,,"1. data warehouse delivers clean, structured data for BI analytics, while a data lake permanently and cheaply stores data of any nature in any format. Many organizations use data lakes for data science and machine learning, but not for BI reporting due to its unvalidated nature. 2. data lakehouse combines the advantage of the data lake and data warehouse. the reliable transactions of a data warehouse and the scalability and low cost of a data lake. Single Source of Truth. Unified data from all sources 3. The data lake table format is the most important component of a lakehouse architecture. There must be some way to organize and manage all the raw data files in the data lake storage. Table formats help abstract the physical data structure’s complexity and allow different engines to work simultaneously on the same data. The table format in a lakehouse architecture facilitates the ability to do data warehouse-level transactions (DML) along with ACID guarantees. Some of the other critical features of a table format are schema evolution, expressive SQL, time travel, data compaction (ie Delta Lake). Apache Spark can also be used as the query engine",open_qa What is the difference between American football and European football?,,"American football and European football are two different sports. American football, also known as gridiron, was first played in 1869 in the United States and mostly known in the United States and Canada. It rivals two teams on a rectangular field. Both teams have an offence as well as a defence formation. The first offence and defence of the match is decided by coin tossed where the winner decide for the first half of the match while the opposite match starts at the half-time mark. The offence team tries to take the oval-shaped ball to the other side of the field by passing or running it at each play. The defence team blocks the offence team so they get the balls themselves either by steeling it or when the offence team hasn’t progressed 10 yards in 4 plays. Then, offence team becomes defence and vice versa. When the offence team successfully reach the 10-yard lines, they obtain a new set of 4 plays to get to the endzone, where they obtain points when succeeding, called a touchdown. They also get points from kicking the ball within the goalpost. The winning team is the one with the most points at the end of the game. European football, also known as soccer, is a match between two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field, known as pitch. Players primarily use their feet to propel a sphere-shaped ball across the field into the rectangular shaped goal guarded by a goalkeeper. The goalkeeper is the only player of each team that can use his hands and arms on the ball within a specific region of the field close to their goals. The game is played continuously until a fault is committed or the ball exits the field. Each team tried and kick the ball in the goal to get points and the winner is the team with the most point at the end of the match.",open_qa Why do I have a belly button?,,"When we were a baby we were connected to our mother through an umbilical cord that provided food, water and nutrients to help us grow. The belly button is the spot where the cord was once attached from.",creative_writing What is carnitine?,,"Carnitine is a quaternary ammonium compound involved in metabolism in most mammals, plants, and some bacteria. In support of energy metabolism, carnitine transports long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria to be oxidized for free energy production, and also participates in removing products of metabolism from cells. Given its key metabolic roles, carnitine is concentrated in tissues like skeletal and cardiac muscle that metabolize fatty acids as an energy source. Generally individuals, including strict vegetarians, synthesize enough L-carnitine in vivo. Carnitine exists as one of two stereoisomers (the two enantiomers d-carnitine (S-(+)-) and l-carnitine (R-(−)-)). Both are biologically active, but only l-carnitine naturally occurs in animals, and d-carnitine is toxic as it inhibits the activity of the l-form. At room temperature, pure carnitine is a whiteish powder, and a water-soluble zwitterion with relatively low toxicity. Derived from amino acids, carnitine was first extracted from meat extracts in 1905, leading to its name from Latin, ""caro/carnis"" or flesh. Some individuals with genetic or medical disorders (such as preterm infants) cannot make enough carnitine, requiring dietary supplementation. Despite common carnitine supplement consumption among athletes for improved exercise performance or recovery, there is insufficient high-quality clinical evidence to indicate it provides any benefit.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Octobass, Bass clarinet",,"Bass clarinet is woodwind, Octobass is string.",classification "Classify each of these as a type of instrument or a type of school subject: Mathematics, Saxophone, french horn, history, physical education, Oboe, science, drums, geography, flute, tuba",,"Types of instruments are: french Horn, oboe, drums, flute, and tuba. Types of school subjects are: mathematics, history, physical education, science, and geography.",classification "I am registering for gifts for my wedding and need to include items that would be useful in my new home. Which items are household items that can be given as a wedding gift: blender, coffee maker, bus fare, towels, sheets, skateboard, cell phone, car, dishes, silverware, gym membership, glassware, tuxedo, brake pads, bicycle, picture frames",,"A blender, coffee maker, towels, sheets, dishes, silverware, glassware, picture frames are examples of household items that can be given as a wedding gift.",classification What are six of the most picturesque national parks in the Unites States?,,"Zion National Park, Yellowstone National Park, Grand Canyon National Park, Yosemite National Park, Glacier National Park, Great Smoky Mountains National Park",brainstorming "Extract from the following passage, the periods of time does sunrise refer to.","Although the Sun appears to ""rise"" from the horizon, it is actually the Earth's motion that causes the Sun to appear. The illusion of a moving Sun results from Earth observers being in a rotating reference frame; this apparent motion caused many cultures to have mythologies and religions built around the geocentric model, which prevailed until astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus formulated his heliocentric model in the 16th century. Astronomically, sunrise occurs for only an instant: the moment at which the upper limb of the Sun appears tangent to the horizon. However, the term sunrise commonly refers to periods of time both before and after this point: Twilight, the period in the morning during which the sky is brightening, but the Sun is not yet visible. The beginning of morning twilight is called astronomical dawn. The period after the Sun rises during which striking colors and atmospheric effects are still seen. The timing of sunrise varies throughout the year and is also affected by the viewer's latitude and longitude, altitude, and time zone. These changes are driven by the axial tilt of Earth, daily rotation of the Earth, the planet's movement in its annual elliptical orbit around the Sun, and the Earth and Moon's paired revolutions around each other. The analemma can be used to make approximate predictions of the time of sunrise. In late winter and spring, sunrise as seen from temperate latitudes occurs earlier each day, reaching its earliest time near the summer solstice; although the exact date varies by latitude. After this point, the time of sunrise gets later each day, reaching its latest sometime around the winter solstice. The offset between the dates of the solstice and the earliest or latest sunrise time is caused by the eccentricity of Earth's orbit and the tilt of its axis, and is described by the analemma, which can be used to predict the dates. Variations in atmospheric refraction can alter the time of sunrise by changing its apparent position. Near the poles, the time-of-day variation is exaggerated, since the Sun crosses the horizon at a very shallow angle and thus rises more slowly. Accounting for atmospheric refraction and measuring from the leading edge slightly increases the average duration of day relative to night. The sunrise equation, however, which is used to derive the time of sunrise and sunset, uses the Sun's physical center for calculation, neglecting atmospheric refraction and the non-zero angle subtended by the solar disc.","Astronomically, sunrise occurs for only an instant: the moment at which the upper limb of the Sun appears tangent to the horizon. However, the term sunrise commonly refers to periods of time both before and after this point. Twilight, the period in the morning during which the sky is brightening, but the Sun is not yet visible. The beginning of morning twilight is called astronomical dawn. The period after the Sun rises during which striking colors and atmospheric effects are still seen.",information_extraction List four uses of white vinegar outside of cooking recipes,,"1) Floor cleaning- will leave floors shining 2) Dye & brighten Easter eggs 3) Clean a Keurig coffee machine 4) Clean shower walls and doors",brainstorming Who were the Beatles?,"The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time and were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and popular music's recognition as an art form. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock 'n' roll, their sound incorporated elements of classical music and traditional pop in innovative ways; the band also explored music styles ranging from folk and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock. As pioneers in recording, songwriting and artistic presentation, the Beatles revolutionised many aspects of the music industry and were often publicised as leaders of the era's youth and sociocultural movements.","ed by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the Beatles evolved from Lennon's previous group, the Quarrymen, and built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over three years from 1960, initially with Stuart Sutcliffe playing bass. The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison, together since 1958, went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962. Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding their domestic success after signing to EMI Records and achieving their first hit, ""Love Me Do"", in late 1962. As their popularity grew into the intense fan frenzy dubbed ""Beatlemania"", the band acquired the nickname ""the Fab Four"", with Epstein, Martin or another member of the band's entourage sometimes informally referred to as a ""fifth Beatle"". By early 1964, the Beatles were international stars and had achieved unprecedented levels of critical and commercial success. They became a leading force in Britain's cultural resurgence, ushering in the British Invasion of the United States pop market, and soon made their film debut with A Hard Day's Night (1964). A growing desire to refine their studio efforts, coupled with the untenable nature of their concert tours, led to the band's retirement from live performances in 1966. At this time, they produced records of greater sophistication, including the albums Rubber Soul (1965), Revolver (1966) and Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967), and enjoyed further commercial success with The Beatles (also known as ""the White Album"", 1968) and Abbey Road (1969). The success of these records heralded the album era, as albums became the dominant form of record consumption over singles; they also increased public interest in psychedelic drugs and Eastern spirituality, and furthered advancements in electronic music, album art and music videos. In 1968, they founded Apple Corps, a multi-armed multimedia corporation that continues to oversee projects related to the band's legacy. After the group's break-up in 1970, all principal former members enjoyed success as solo artists and some partial reunions have occurred. Lennon was murdered in 1980 and Harrison died of lung cancer in 2001. McCartney and Starr remain musically active. The Beatles are the best-selling music act of all time, with estimated sales of 600 million units worldwide. They are the most successful act in the history of the US Billboard charts. They hold the record for most number-one albums on the UK Albums Chart (15), most number-one hits on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart (20), and most singles sold in the UK (21.9 million). The band received many accolades, including seven Grammy Awards, four Brit Awards, an Academy Award (for Best Original Song Score for the 1970 documentary film Let It Be) and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988, and each principal member was inducted individually between 1994 and 2015. In 2004 and 2011, the group topped Rolling Stone's lists of the greatest artists in history. Time magazine named them among the 20th century's 100 most important people.",summarization "If you were to compete in the Olympics, which sport would you pick?",,"If I were to compete in the Olympics, I would compete in water polo. Water polo is a really fun sport to play, that is dynamic and fast paced to both watch and play. I don't like long breaks, so I like how fast water polo is. I also love swimming, and I like that water polo is rooted in California culture, which is where I am from.",creative_writing How is the price of an Uber ride calculated?,,"The price of an Uber ride is calculated based on supply and demand while considering the time, distance, and destination of the trip.",open_qa "Select the odd word from this list and explain why: Chair Sofa Table Dinosaur Cupboard",,"Dinosaur is the odd word in this list. All of the other words are items of furniture, but dinosaurs are large extinct reptiles, not items of furniture.",classification What is a genome-wide association study (GWAS)?,,"In genomics, a genome-wide association study (GWA study, or GWAS), is an observational study of a genome-wide set of genetic variants in different individuals to see if any variant is associated with a trait. GWA studies typically focus on associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and traits like major human diseases, but can equally be applied to any other genetic variants and any other organisms. When applied to human data, GWA studies compare the DNA of participants having varying phenotypes for a particular trait or disease. These participants may be people with a disease (cases) and similar people without the disease (controls), or they may be people with different phenotypes for a particular trait, for example blood pressure. This approach is known as phenotype-first, in which the participants are classified first by their clinical manifestation(s), as opposed to genotype-first. Each person gives a sample of DNA, from which millions of genetic variants are read using SNP arrays. If there is significant statistical evidence that one type of the variant (one allele) is more frequent in people with the disease, the variant is said to be associated with the disease. The associated SNPs are then considered to mark a region of the human genome that may influence the risk of disease. GWA studies investigate the entire genome, in contrast to methods that specifically test a small number of pre-specified genetic regions. Hence, GWAS is a non-candidate-driven approach, in contrast to gene-specific candidate-driven studies. GWA studies identify SNPs and other variants in DNA associated with a disease, but they cannot on their own specify which genes are causal. The first successful GWAS published in 2002 studied myocardial infarction. This study design was then implemented in the landmark GWA 2005 study investigating patients with age-related macular degeneration, and found two SNPs with significantly altered allele frequency compared to healthy controls. As of 2017, over 3,000 human GWA studies have examined over 1,800 diseases and traits, and thousands of SNP associations have been found. Except in the case of rare genetic diseases, these associations are very weak, but while they may not explain much of the risk, they provide insight into genes and pathways that can be important.",open_qa Extract the main actors and actresses who played in the show Parks and Recreation.,"Parks and Recreation (also known as Parks and Rec) is an American political satire mockumentary sitcom television series created by Greg Daniels and Michael Schur. The series aired on NBC from April 9, 2009, to February 24, 2015, for 125 episodes, over seven seasons. A special reunion episode aired on April 30, 2020. The series stars Amy Poehler as Leslie Knope, a perky, mid-level bureaucrat in the Parks Department of Pawnee, a fictional town in Indiana. The ensemble and supporting cast features Rashida Jones as Ann Perkins, Paul Schneider as Mark Brendanawicz, Aziz Ansari as Tom Haverford, Nick Offerman as Ron Swanson, Aubrey Plaza as April Ludgate, Chris Pratt as Andy Dwyer, Adam Scott as Ben Wyatt, Rob Lowe as Chris Traeger, Jim O'Heir as Garry ""Jerry"" Gergich, Retta as Donna Meagle, and Billy Eichner as Craig Middlebrooks.","Amy Poehler, Rashida Jones, Paul Schneider, Aziz Ansari, Nick Offerman, Aubrey Plaza, Chriss Pratt, Adam Scott, Rob Lowe, Jim O'Heir, Retta, Billy Eichner",information_extraction Who are some of the most influential women's hockey players,,"Hayley Wickenheiser, Cassie Campbell, Cammi Granato, Angela Ruggiero",open_qa What genre did the Chicks (formerly the Dixie Chicks) begin their career in?,,The Chicks established themselves in the genre of Country Music,open_qa Extract the areas of science using differential equations in this text in an alphabetically ordered list.,"A differential equation is a mathematical equation for an unknown function of one or several variables that relates the values of the function itself and its derivatives of various orders. Differential equations play a prominent role in engineering, physics, economics, biology, and other disciplines. Differential equations arise in many areas of science and technology, specifically whenever a deterministic relation involving some continuously varying quantities (modelled by functions) and their rates of change in space or time (expressed as derivatives) is known or postulated. This is illustrated in classical mechanics, where the motion of a body is described by its position and velocity as the time value varies. Newton's laws allow one (given the position, velocity, acceleration and various forces acting on the body) to express these variables dynamically as a differential equation for the unknown position of the body as a function of time. In some cases, this differential equation (called an equation of motion) may be solved explicitly.","Here is a list of alphabetically sorted applications of differential equations: - Biology - Economics - Engineering - Physics",information_extraction "Are the following books fantasy or science fiction: Red Mars, The City We Became, The Three-Body Problem, the Harry Potter series, A Game of Thrones, Dune, The Fifth Season.",,"These books are science fiction: Red Mars, The Three-Body Problem, and Dune, because they involve space travel and life on other planets. In addition, Red Mars and The Three-Body Problem include discussions of hard science. These books are fantasy: The City We Became, the Harry Potter series, and A Game of Thrones, because they involve magic and beings with supernatural powers. In addition, A Game of Thrones takes place in a different world that is not related to space travel. The Fifth Season is considered ""science fantasy"", because it includes elements of both science fiction and fantasy. It takes place on a planet that is not Earth, but is not reached by space travel. Some of its characters have special powers. However, the plot depends on the hard science of plate tectonics.",classification What is rationing?,,"Rationing is the restriction of goods. It is mostly done when there are insufficient goods/products to meet the demand or needs of the people. It is used to save resources.",open_qa "From the following article, tell me the information related to the most recent year and what the largest number in the article is referring to.","Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous city and state. Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The country occupies an area of 83,871 km2 (32,383 sq mi) and has a population of 9 million. Austria emerged from the remnants of the Eastern and Hungarian March at the end of the first millennium. Originally a margraviate of Bavaria, it developed into a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire in 1156 and was later made an archduchy in 1453. In the 16th century, Vienna began serving as the empire's administrative capital and Austria thus became the heartland of the Habsburg monarchy. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Austria established its own empire, which became a great power and the dominant member of the German Confederation. The empire's defeat in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 led to the end of the Confederation and paved the way for the establishment of Austria-Hungary a year later. After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, Emperor Franz Joseph declared war on Serbia, which ultimately escalated into World War I. The empire's defeat and subsequent collapse led to the proclamation of the Republic of German-Austria in 1918 and the First Austrian Republic in 1919. During the interwar period, anti-parliamentarian sentiments culminated in the formation of an Austrofascist dictatorship under Engelbert Dollfuss in 1934. A year before the outbreak of World War II, Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany by Adolf Hitler, and it became a sub-national division. After its liberation in 1945 and a decade of Allied occupation, the country regained its sovereignty and declared its perpetual neutrality in 1955. Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy with a popularly elected president as head of state and a chancellor as head of government and chief executive. Major cities include Vienna, Graz, Linz, Salzburg, and Innsbruck. Austria is consistently listed as one of the richest countries in the world by GDP per capita and with a high standard of living; it was ranked 25th in the world for its Human Development Index in 2021. Austria has been a member of the United Nations since 1955 and of the European Union since 1995. It hosts the OSCE and OPEC and is a founding member of the OECD and Interpol. It also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995, and adopted the euro currency in 1999.","The most recent year is 2021, the year Austria was ranked 25th in the Human Development Index. The largest number is 9 million, referring to the population of Austria.",information_extraction What is the difference between guitar and ukulele?,,"Guitar and ukulele are similar instruments. But there are many differences between them: - The biggest difference is that a ukulele is much smaller than a guitar. - Second, the ukulele has four strings while the guitar has six strings. Ukulele is tuned to G-C-E-A, while the guitar is tuned differently as E-A-D-G-B-E. - Next, the sound is different. The guitar sounds much fuller than the smaller-body ukulele. - Ukulele usually comes with nylon string, while the acoustic guitar usually comes with steel ones. - Scale length. The length from nut to the saddle is much longer in a guitar. - Difficult to play. The six strings make the guitar a little more difficult to play than a ukulele.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Goje, Dizi",,"Dizi is woodwind, Goje is string.",classification What are some examples of a woodwind instrument?,,"Some examples of woodwind instruments include flute, clarinet, and oboe.",open_qa Which months of the year does the Northwest Pacific see tropical cyclones?,"Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather, while in other places (particularly in Eastern Asia because of the monsoon) it is associated with rainy weather. The wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the savanna climate regime. Where the wet season is associated with a seasonal shift in the prevailing winds, it is known as a monsoon. In the northern Atlantic Ocean, a distinct tropical cyclone season occurs from 1 June to 30 November. The statistical peak of the Atlantic hurricane season is 10 September. The Northeast Pacific Ocean has a broader period of activity, but in a similar timeframe to the Atlantic. The Northwest Pacific sees tropical cyclones year-round, with a minimum in February and March and a peak in early September. In the North Indian basin, storms are most common from April to December, with peaks in May and November. In the Southern Hemisphere, the tropical cyclone season runs from the start of November until the end of April with peaks in mid-February to early March. Thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada runs in the spring through summer but sometimes can run as late as October or even November in the fall. These storms can produce hail, strong winds and tornadoes, usually during the afternoon and evening.","The Northwest Pacific sees tropical cyclones year-round, with a minimum in February and March and a peak in early September.",information_extraction Tell me about water fluoridation,"Water fluoridation is the controlled adjustment of fluoride to a public water supply solely to reduce tooth decay. Fluoridated water contains fluoride at a level that is effective for preventing cavities; this can occur naturally or by adding fluoride. Fluoridated water operates on tooth surfaces: in the mouth, it creates low levels of fluoride in saliva, which reduces the rate at which tooth enamel demineralizes and increases the rate at which it remineralizes in the early stages of cavities. Typically a fluoridated compound is added to drinking water, a process that in the U.S. costs an average of about $1.17 per person-year. Defluoridation is needed when the naturally occurring fluoride level exceeds recommended limits. In 2011, the World Health Organization suggested a level of fluoride from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L (milligrams per litre), depending on climate, local environment, and other sources of fluoride. Bottled water typically has unknown fluoride levels. Tooth decay remains a major public health concern in most industrialized countries, affecting 60–90% of schoolchildren and the vast majority of adults. Water fluoridation reduces cavities in children, while efficacy in adults is less clear. A Cochrane review estimates a reduction in cavities when water fluoridation was used by children who had no access to other sources of fluoride to be 35% in baby teeth and 26% in permanent teeth. However, this was based on older studies which failed to control for numerous variables, such as increasing sugar consumption as well as other dental strategies. Most European countries have experienced substantial declines in tooth decay, though milk and salt fluoridation is widespread in lieu of water fluoridation. Recent studies suggest that water fluoridation, particularly in industrialized nations, may be unnecessary because topical fluorides (such as in toothpaste) are widely used, and caries rates have become low. Although fluoridation can cause dental fluorosis, which can alter the appearance of developing teeth or enamel fluorosis, the differences are mild and usually not an aesthetic or public health concern. There is no clear evidence of other side effects from water fluoridation. Fluoride's effects depend on the total daily intake of fluoride from all sources. Drinking water is typically the largest source; other methods of fluoride therapy include fluoridation of toothpaste, salt, and milk. The views on the most efficient method for community prevention of tooth decay are mixed. The Australian government states that water fluoridation is the most effective way to achieve fluoride exposure that is community-wide. The World Health Organization reports that water fluoridation, when feasible and culturally acceptable, has substantial advantages, especially for subgroups at high risk, while the European Commission finds no benefit to water fluoridation compared with topical use. Public water fluoridation was first practiced in the U.S. As of 2012, 25 countries have artificial water fluoridation to varying degrees, 11 of them have more than 50% of their population drinking fluoridated water. A further 28 countries have water that is naturally fluoridated, though in many of them the fluoride is above the optimal level. As of 2012, about 435 million people worldwide received water fluoridated at the recommended level (i.e., about 5.4% of the global population).: 56  About 214 million of them live in the United States. Major health organizations such as the World Health Organization and FDI World Dental Federation supported water fluoridation as safe and effective. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lists water fluoridation as one of the ten great public health achievements of the 20th century in the U.S. Despite this, the practice is controversial as a public health measure. Some countries and communities have discontinued fluoridation, while others have expanded it. Opponents of the practice argue that neither the benefits nor the risks have been studied adequately, and debate the conflict between what might be considered mass medication and individual liberties.","Water fluoridation is the controlled adjustment of fluoride to a public water supply solely to reduce tooth decay. Fluoridated water contains fluoride at a level that is effective for preventing cavities; this can occur naturally or by adding fluoride. Fluoridated water operates on tooth surfaces: in the mouth, it creates low levels of fluoride in saliva, which reduces the rate at which tooth enamel demineralizes and increases the rate at which it remineralizes in the early stages of cavities. Typically a fluoridated compound is added to drinking water, a process that in the U.S. costs an average of about $1.17 per person-year. Defluoridation is needed when the naturally occurring fluoride level exceeds recommended limits. In 2011, the World Health Organization suggested a level of fluoride from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L (milligrams per litre), depending on climate, local environment, and other sources of fluoride. Bottled water typically has unknown fluoride levels. Tooth decay remains a major public health concern in most industrialized countries, affecting 60–90% of schoolchildren and the vast majority of adults. Water fluoridation reduces cavities in children, while efficacy in adults is less clear. A Cochrane review estimates a reduction in cavities when water fluoridation was used by children who had no access to other sources of fluoride to be 35% in baby teeth and 26% in permanent teeth. However, this was based on older studies which failed to control for numerous variables, such as increasing sugar consumption as well as other dental strategies. Most European countries have experienced substantial declines in tooth decay, though milk and salt fluoridation is widespread in lieu of water fluoridation. Recent studies suggest that water fluoridation, particularly in industrialized nations, may be unnecessary because topical fluorides (such as in toothpaste) are widely used, and caries rates have become low. Although fluoridation can cause dental fluorosis, which can alter the appearance of developing teeth or enamel fluorosis, the differences are mild and usually not an aesthetic or public health concern. There is no clear evidence of other side effects from water fluoridation. Fluoride's effects depend on the total daily intake of fluoride from all sources. Drinking water is typically the largest source; other methods of fluoride therapy include fluoridation of toothpaste, salt, and milk. The views on the most efficient method for community prevention of tooth decay are mixed. The Australian government states that water fluoridation is the most effective way to achieve fluoride exposure that is community-wide. The World Health Organization reports that water fluoridation, when feasible and culturally acceptable, has substantial advantages, especially for subgroups at high risk, while the European Commission finds no benefit to water fluoridation compared with topical use. Public water fluoridation was first practiced in the U.S. As of 2012, 25 countries have artificial water fluoridation to varying degrees, 11 of them have more than 50% of their population drinking fluoridated water. A further 28 countries have water that is naturally fluoridated, though in many of them the fluoride is above the optimal level. As of 2012, about 435 million people worldwide received water fluoridated at the recommended level (i.e., about 5.4% of the global population). 56  About 214 million of them live in the United States. Major health organizations such as the World Health Organization and FDI World Dental Federation supported water fluoridation as safe and effective. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lists water fluoridation as one of the ten great public health achievements of the 20th century in the U.S. Despite this, the practice is controversial as a public health measure. Some countries and communities have discontinued fluoridation, while others have expanded it. Opponents of the practice argue that neither the benefits nor the risks have been studied adequately, and debate the conflict between what might be considered mass medication and individual liberties.",closed_qa What is the Krusty Krab?,"The Krusty Krab is a fictional fast food restaurant in the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. It is famous for its signature burger, the Krabby Patty, the formula to which is a closely guarded trade secret.","The restaurant was founded by Eugene H. Krabs (often referred to as Mr. Krabs), who is also the owner and manager. SpongeBob SquarePants (who works as the fry cook) and Squidward Tentacles (the cashier) are the only full-time employees. The primary competitor to the Krusty Krab is the Chum Bucket across the street, which is operated by Plankton, a plankton and Karen, a waterproof supercomputer and Plankton's wife.",summarization Give me a list of golf ball options to use this weekend.,,"-Bridgestone Tour B X -Titleist Pro V1 -Bridgestone Tour B XS -Titleist Pro V1x -Bridgestone Tour B RX -Titleist Pro V1x Left Dash -Bridgestone Tour B RXS -Titleist AVX -Bridgestone e12 Contact -Callaway Chrome Soft -Bridgestone e12 Long Drive -Callaway Chrome Soft X -Callaway Supersoft",brainstorming Extract the essential tools for a mini survival kit from the following Wikipedia article.,"Mini survival kits or ""Altoids"" tin survival kits are small kits that contain a few basic survival tools. These kits often include a small compass, waterproof matches, minimum fishing tackle, large plastic bag, small candle, jigsaw blade, craft knife or scalpel blade, and/or a safety pin/s. Pre-packaged survival kits may also include instructions in survival techniques such as fire-starting or first aid methods. In addition, paracord can be wrapped around the tin. The paracord can be used for setting up an emergency shelter or snaring small animals. They are designed to fit within a container roughly the size of a mint tin.","Small compass, waterproof matches, minimum fishing tackle, large plastic bag, small candle, jigsaw blade, craft knife, and safety pins.",information_extraction What country has the highest GDP?,"The United States is a highly developed country, and its economy accounts for approximately a quarter of global GDP and is the world's largest by GDP at market exchange rates. By value, the United States is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. Although it accounts for just over 4.2% of the world's total population, the U.S. holds over 30% of the total wealth in the world, the largest share held by any country.","The United States has the world's largest GDP at market rate exchange rates. The United States also accounts for approximately 25% of the global GDP. It is the largest importer and second-largest exporter. Having only 4.2% of the world's population, the United States holds over 30% of the total wealth in the world, which is the largest share held by one country.",summarization What album by Trans-X was released in 1983 and how many songs were on it?,"Living on Video (also known as Message on the Radio) is the first studio album by the Canadian synth-pop group Trans-X. Recorded and released in 1983 by Mantra Records, Message on the Radio was a seven-track album. Produced by Daniel Bernier, the record featured all instruments played by Pascal Languirand with Anne Brosseau on supporting vocals. The album was reissued in 1993 and contains a total of 14 tracks.",Trans-X released the album Living on Video in 1983. It included 7 tracks.,closed_qa Give me some ideas for Halloween costumes.,,"Traditionally Halloween is associated with scary costumes such ghosts, zombies or skeletons. Dressing up as video game or movie characters is also popular.",brainstorming "Which is a bird or fish: Red-backed shrike, Red salmon",,"Red salmon is a fish, Red-backed shrike is a bird",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kouxian, Tres cubano",,"Tres cubano is string, Kouxian is percussion.",classification "Classify the following as types of birds or types of snakes: robin, cobra, rattlesnake, eagle, viper, raptor, bluejay, cottonmouth, copperhead, sparrow.",,"Robin, eagle, raptor, bluejay, and sparrow are all kinds of birds. Cobra, rattlesnake, viper, cottonmouth, and copperhead are several types of snakes.",classification What would make my tzatziki sauce truly exceptional?,,"Tzatziki is a traditional Greek sauce whose base ingredients comprise salted strained yoghurt, garlic, grated cucumber, dill leaves, and olive oil. To make your tzatziki truly exceptional follow the steps below: 1) Start by squeezing as much as possible the water out of half a cucumber that has been grated. This is the single most important factor that will make your tzatziki source exceptional. 2) Fine-chop the dill leaves using a knife. The dill must be fresh. The volume of the chopped dill leaves should be about the same as the volume of the squeezed grated cucumber. 3) Mix the cucumber and the dill with Greek strained yoghurt . The latter should have a volume that is three to four times that of the cucumber and dill. 4) Add some salt and smashed cloves of fresh garlic. 5) Add a couple of teaspoons of balsamic vinegar. 6) While stirring the mix, gradually keep adding extra virgin olive oil until the sauce obtains a silky texture. 7) Do not add any other ingredients in the mix. 8) Place the mix in the fridge and keep it for a couple of hours and let chemistry do its magic. 9) Remove the residual water, if any, which may have surfaced. 10) Stir the mix once more final time and serve in smaller containers.",brainstorming What is deafblindness,,"Deafblindness is the condition of little or no useful hearing and little or no useful sight. Different degrees of vision loss and auditory loss occur within each individual. Because of this inherent diversity, each deafblind individual's needs regarding lifestyle, communication, education, and work need to be addressed based on their degree of dual-modality deprivation, to improve their ability to live independently. In 1994, an estimated 35,000–40,000 United States residents were medically deafblind. Helen Keller was a well-known example of a deafblind individual. To further her lifelong mission to help the deafblind community to expand its horizons and gain opportunities, the Helen Keller National Center for Deaf-Blind Youths and Adults (also called the Helen Keller National Center or HKNC), with a residential training program in Sands Point, New York, was established in 1967 by an act of Congress. The deafblind community has its own culture, comparable to those of the deaf community and the blind community. Members of the deafblind community have diverse backgrounds but are united by similar experiences and a shared, homogeneous understanding of what it means to be deafblind. Some deafblind individuals view their condition as a part of their identity.",open_qa How long did World War 2 last?,,"World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. The Axis included Germany, Italy, and Japan as the main combatants, while the Allies consisted of France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to some extent, China.",open_qa What is the renewable energy evolution in the last years as part of the global electricity supply share? provide a list by energy sources,"From 2011 to 2021, renewable energy has grown from 20% to 28% of global electricity supply. Use of fossil energy shrank from 68% to 62%, and nuclear from 12% to 10%. The share of hydropower decreased from 16% to 15% while power from sun and wind increased from 2% to 10%. Biomass and geothermal energy grew from 2% to 3%.","Between 2011 and 2021 the energy supply share evolved as: - Renewable 20% - 28% - Fossil 68% - 62% - Nuclear 12% - 10% - Hydropower 16% - 15% - Sun and Wind 2% - 10% - Biomass and Geothermal 2% - 3%",information_extraction "Heres a summary of Gioia Del Colle, a town in Italy that I will be traveling to, how should I pack?","Gioia del Colle (pronounced [ˈdʒɔːja del ˈkɔlle]; Barese: Sciò) is a town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, southern Italy. The town is located on the Murge plateau at 360 metres (1,180 ft) above sea level, between the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. Physical geography Territory Gioia del Colle is on the top of a hill at 360 m a.s.l. It is located in the southern part of the Murge, in the ""Sella di Gioia del Colle"". It is between the North-West Murge and the South-West Murge and the Adriatic Sea and the Ionian Sea. The municipal area has an area of 206.48 km² and it reaches a maximum altitude of 435 m a.s.l. and a minimum of 296 m a.s.l. Its area borders to the North-West with Acquaviva delle Fonti, to the North with Sammichele di Bari, to the North-East with Turi, to the East with Putignano and Noci, to the South-East with Mottola, to the South with Castellaneta, to the South-West with Laterza and to the West with Santeramo in Colle. Gioia del Colle's orography The landscape is characterized by large wooded areas, in which the Macedonian oaks dominate, more than the downy oak. In particular the Bosco Romanazzi and Serra Capece constitute the most conspicuous part of the wooded area of Gioia del Colle and they extend from Mount Sannace archaeological area to the provincial road that leads to Noci. The western part of the area is part of the North-West Murge, with isoipse that exceed 400 m a.s.l. towards Santeramo and Laterza, while the Eastern one is part of the South-East Murge, with isoipse over 400 m a.s.l. towards Noci. In the middle, on the contrary, there is a depression (saddle) with an average altitude of 340 m a.s.l., interrupted only by the 360-meter hill on which the city lies. Climate Gioia del Colle's climate is mediterranean (Köppen Csa), but it has peaks of continentality due to the altitude and the distance from the sea. Temperature varies between −2 e +12 °C in winter, while it varies between +18 e +35 °C with a high percentage of humidity in summer. Annual rainfall is around 600 mm. It often snows, about once a year, especially if there is cold air of Balkan origin.","The climate is mild, and does not go below freezing by much in the winter with tropical weather summers. Pack for light layers, and adjust for the time of year.",closed_qa "Extract the names of people mentioned and their significance in the following format: [Name]: [Significance]","Angelo Moriondo, from Turin, is often erroneously credited for inventing the beverage, since he patented a steam-driven coffee beverage making device in 1884 (No. 33/256), probably the first Italian coffee machine similar to other French and English 1800s steam-driven coffee machines. The device is ""almost certainly the first Italian bar machine that controlled the supply of steam and water separately through the coffee"" and Moriondo is ""certainly one of the earliest discoverers of the expresso machine, if not the earliest"". Seventeen years later, in 1901, Luigi Bezzera, from Milan, devised and patented several improved versions of the espresso machine, the first of which was applied for on 19 December 1901. Titled ""Innovations in the machinery to prepare and immediately serve coffee beverage""; Patent No. 153/94, 61707, was granted on 5 June 1902, and was the first espresso machine. In 1903, the patent was bought by Desiderio Pavoni, who founded the La Pavoni company and began to produce the machine industrially, manufacturing one machine daily in a small workshop in Via Parini, Milan","Angelo Moriondo: Patented a steam-driven coffee beverage-making device and was often erroneously credited for inventing espresso Luigi Bezzera: Patented the first espresso machine and later went on to create several improved versions Desiderio Pavoni: Bought the patent titled ""Innovations in the machinery to prepare and immediately serve coffee beverage"" from Luigi Bezzera, founded the La Pavoni company, and began to produce the machine industrially",information_extraction "What do Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David have to say about Seinfeld being called ""a show about nothing""?","The series was often described as ""a show about nothing."" However, in 2014, Seinfeld stated: ""The pitch for the show, the real pitch, when Larry and I went to NBC in 1988, was we want to show how a comedian gets his material. The show about nothing was just a joke in an episode many years later, and Larry and I to this day are surprised that it caught on as a way that people describe the show, because to us it's the opposite of that."" David similarly commented: ""I like taking the worst qualities that a person has and trying to make something funny out of it. Doesn’t everybody do terrible things and have terrible thoughts? Just by trying to be as funny, you’re going to deal with a lot of things that are real, so the show’s really about something. The whole thing about the show being about nothing is ridiculous."" Much of the show's humor is based upon repeated use of irony, incongruity and (oftentimes unfortunate) coincidences.","Larry and Jerry are surprised that the ""a show about nothing"" phrase caught on as a way that people describe the show, and they are not fond of that description of the show. Larry David commented, ""...the show’s really about something. The whole thing about the show being about nothing is ridiculous"". Larry states that the show is about ""taking the worst qualities that a person has and trying to make something funny out of it"". Jerry mentioned that the show was about ""how a comedian gets his material"".",closed_qa "What's the ""Bean"" in Chicago?","Cloud Gate is a public sculpture by Indian-born British artist Anish Kapoor, that is the centerpiece of AT&T Plaza at Millennium Park in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois. The sculpture and AT&T Plaza are located on top of Park Grill, between the Chase Promenade and McCormick Tribune Plaza & Ice Rink. Constructed between 2004 and 2006, the sculpture is nicknamed ""The Bean"" because of its shape, a name Kapoor initially disliked, but later grew fond of. Made up of 168 stainless steel plates welded together, its highly polished exterior has no visible seams. It measures 33 by 66 by 42 feet (10 by 20 by 13 m), and weighs 110 short tons (100 t; 98 long tons). Kapoor's design was inspired by liquid mercury and the sculpture's surface reflects and distorts the city's skyline. Visitors are able to walk around and under Cloud Gate's 12-foot (3.7 m) high arch. On the underside is the ""omphalos"" (Greek for ""navel""), a concave chamber that warps and multiplies reflections. The sculpture builds upon many of Kapoor's artistic themes, and it is popular with tourists as a photo-taking opportunity for its unique reflective properties.","The ""Bean"" is a nickname for a public sculpture installed in Millennium Park in Chicago during 2004 and 2006. The formal name for the sculpture is ""Cloud Gate."" The sculpture is fluid-looking with a highly polished exterior and no visible seams. It's design was inspired by liquid mercury and it's reflective surface is a popular photo opportunity for visiting tourists.",information_extraction What is a weed wacker?,,"A weed wacker is a stringed trimmer that is powered by a better or by gasoline. The string spins at a very fast circular velocity for cutting. It is used for cutting weeds, grass and making the edge of lawns look uniform. Its important to where proper safety equipment when using a weed wacker to prevent injury to your legs from spinning plastic string.",open_qa Who shot Mr. Burns on the Simpsons?,,Maggie,open_qa Who was the first astronaut?,,"Yuri Gagarin, a Russian pilot, was the first person to travel into space. On April 12, 1961, he completed an orbit around the Earth in the Vostok 1 capsule. Gagarin famously said, ""Our Earth is blue,"" while in Earth orbit.",open_qa "Which continent does the following countries belong to: USA, Sweden, China, Taiwan, Japan, Germany, Great Britain, Canada, Peru, Chile",,"USA belongs to the continent North America, Sweden belongs to the continent Europe, China belongs to the. continent Asia, Taiwan belongs to the continent Asia, Japan is in Asia, Germany is in Europe, Great Britain is in Europe, Canada resides in the continent North America, Peru resides in the continent South America Chile is in South America.",classification What was the US civil war about?,,"The US civil war had a complex start but the main aim was the preservation of slavery for the confederacy and the elimination of slavery for the union. Slavery was the principal political issue between the parties. There was also an aspect of the confederacy wanting to secede from the Union to preserve slavery. The union did not want the slave stares to secede. After war broke out, it is interesting to note, no foreign government recognized the confederate government. By the mid 1800s, the US had two distinct regions: free states with fast growing economies based on family farming, manufacturing, mining, business and transporting goods. The slave states were based on a plantation system and the only fast growth was in texas. These states were largely rural with few large cities and little industry except in close proximity to free states.",open_qa Different uses for glass,,"There are many but here are just a few. -Bulbs -Vases -Windows -Drinking glass -Screens -Plates -Candles holder -Water Bottles -table top -French Door Glass -Slippers (if you are a cinderella fan) -Ash tray -coasters -Cooking pots",brainstorming "Based on the reference text, provide a bulleted list of the benefits workers receive from Proposition 22","2020 California Proposition 22 Proposition 22 was a ballot initiative in California that became law after the November 2020 state election, passing with 59% of the vote and granting app-based transportation and delivery companies an exception to Assembly Bill 5 by classifying their drivers as ""independent contractors"", rather than ""employees"". The law exempts employers from providing the full suite of mandated employee benefits (which include time-and-a-half for overtime, paid sick time, employer-provided health care, bargaining rights, and unemployment insurance) while instead giving drivers new protections: 120 percent of the local minimum wage for each hour a driver spends driving (with passenger or en route), but not for time spent waiting $0.30/mile for expenses for each mile driven with passenger or en route health insurance stipend for drivers who average more than 15 hours per week driving requiring the companies to pay medical costs and some lost income for drivers hurt while driving or waiting prohibiting workplace discrimination and requiring that companies develop sexual harassment policies, conduct criminal background checks, and mandate safety training for drivers. The initiative became state law after passage in November 2020, was challenged in California state courts in 2021, and was upheld on appeal in 2023.","Under Proposition 22, workers receive the following benefits: - 120% of the local minimum wage - $0.30 per mile driven - Health insurance stipend - Covered medical costs and some lost income for injuries on the job - Workplace discrimination protections",summarization "Given this paragraph about kubernetes, what is the storage layer of Kubernetes control plane?","The Kubernetes master node handles the Kubernetes control plane of the cluster, managing its workload and directing communication across the system. The Kubernetes control plane consists of various components, each its own process, that can run both on a single master node or on multiple masters supporting high-availability clusters. The various components of the Kubernetes control plane are as follows: etcd is a persistent, lightweight, distributed, key-value data store that CoreOS has developed. It reliably stores the configuration data of the cluster, representing the overall state of the cluster at any given point of time. etcd favors consistency over availability in the event of a network partition (see CAP theorem). The consistency is crucial for correctly scheduling and operating services. The API server serves the Kubernetes API using JSON over HTTP, which provides both the internal and external interface to Kubernetes. The API server processes and validates REST requests and updates the state of the API objects in etcd, thereby allowing clients to configure workloads and containers across worker nodes. The API server uses etcd's watch API to monitor the cluster, roll out critical configuration changes, or restore any divergences of the state of the cluster back to what the deployer declared. As an example, the deployer may specify that three instances of a particular ""pod"" (see below) need to be running. etcd stores this fact. If the Deployment Controller finds that only two instances are running (conflicting with the etcd declaration), it schedules the creation of an additional instance of that pod. The scheduler is the extensible component that selects on which node an unscheduled pod (the basic entity managed by the scheduler) runs, based on resource availability. The scheduler tracks resource use on each node to ensure that workload is not scheduled in excess of available resources. For this purpose, the scheduler must know the resource requirements, resource availability, and other user-provided constraints or policy directives such as quality-of-service, affinity vs. anti-affinity requirements, and data locality. The scheduler's role is to match resource ""supply"" to workload ""demand"". A controller is a reconciliation loop that drives the actual cluster state toward the desired state, communicating with the API server to create, update, and delete the resources it manages (e.g., pods or service endpoints). One kind of controller is a Replication Controller, which handles replication and scaling by running a specified number of copies of a pod across the cluster. It also handles creating replacement pods if the underlying node fails. Other controllers that are part of the core Kubernetes system include a DaemonSet Controller for running exactly one pod on every machine (or some subset of machines), and a Job Controller for running pods that run to completion (e.g., as part of a batch job). Labels selectors that are part of the controller's definition specify the set of pods that a controller manages. The controller manager is a process that manages a set of core Kubernetes controllers.",ETCD,closed_qa Extract the airlines mentioned in the text and separate them with a comma. Which one operated the shortest flight?,"In June 2017 after 30 months in commercial operation, 80 A350s were in service with 12 operators, the largest being Qatar Airways with 17 and 13 each at Cathay Pacific and Singapore Airlines (SIA). The fleet average block time (time between pushback and destination gate arrival) was 7.2 hours with 53% below 3,000 nmi (5,556 km), 16% over 5,000 nmi (9,260 km), and 31% in between. LATAM Airlines had the longest average sector at 10.7 hours, and Asiana had the shortest at 3.8 hours. Singapore Airlines operated the longest leg, Singapore to San Francisco 7,340 nmi (13,594 km), and the shortest leg, Singapore to Kuala Lumpur 160 nmi (296 km). Seating varied from 253 for Singapore Airlines to 389 for Air Caraïbes, with most between 280 and 320.","Qatar Airways, Cathay Pacific, Singapore Airlines, LATAM Airlines, Air Caraïbes. Singapore Airlines operated the shortest flight.",information_extraction How many teaspoons are in a tablespoon?,,Three teaspoons are equivalent to one tablespoon.,open_qa Provide me with a some ideas on healthy activities I can do in nature.,,"Getting out in nature alone or with friends is healthy both physically and psychologically. If you are looking for an activity that will require you to be out in nature you could consider bushwalking. Many national parks have walking trails of varying length and difficulty. Golf is also a healthy outdoor activity that you can do with a small group of friends or colleagues. If the beach is more your style then bodyboarding, surfing and snorkling are beach activities that you can do solo or in a group.",brainstorming "Extract the train tracks mentioned in this text, and make a list that mentions whether they have a platform or not in the format {track #number} - {yes/no}","Amsterdam Centraal has 15 tracks, 11 of which are alongside a platform: four island platforms with tracks along the full length on both sides (tracks 4/5, 7/8, 10/11, 13/14); one side platform with one track along the full length (track 15); and one bay platform with two tracks (tracks 1/2). Platforms 2-15 have an A-side (to the west) and a B-side (to the east). This means that there are 21 places where a train can be positioned for passenger access, with scissors crossings in the middle enabling trains to pass each other. Track 1 terminates short of the western end of the station building, which fronts track 2. Tracks 3, 6, 9, and 12 have no platform.","Amsterdam Centraal has the following 15 tracks: track 1 - yes track 2 - yes track 3 - no track 4 - yes track 5 - yes track 6 - no track 7 - yes track 8 - yes track 9 - no track 10 - yes track 11 - yes track 12 - no track 13 - yes track 14 - yes track 15 - yes",information_extraction What did the Triceratops use their horns for?,"There has been much speculation over the functions of Triceratops' head adornments. The two main theories have revolved around use in combat and in courtship display, with the latter now thought to be the most likely primary function. Early on, Lull postulated that the frills may have served as anchor points for the jaw muscles to aid chewing by allowing increased size and thus power for the muscles. This has been put forward by other authors over the years, but later studies do not find evidence of large muscle attachments on the frill bones. Triceratops were long thought to have used their horns and frills in combat with predators such as Tyrannosaurus, the idea being discussed first by Charles H. Sternberg in 1917 and 70 years later by Robert Bakker. There is evidence that Tyrannosaurus did have aggressive head-on encounters with Triceratops, based on partially healed tyrannosaur tooth marks on a Triceratops brow horn and squamosal; the bitten horn is also broken, with new bone growth after the break. Which animal was the aggressor is not known. Paleontologist Peter Dodson estimates that in a battle against a bull Triceratops, the Triceratops had the upper hand and would successfully defend itself by inflicting fatal wounds to the Tyrannosaurus using its sharp horns. Tyrannosaurus is also known to have fed on Triceratops, as shown by a heavily tooth-scored Triceratops ilium and sacrum.","The Triceratops used their horns for both courtship and combat, including defending against aggressive predators such as the Tyrannosaurus.",information_extraction What is a term deposit?,,"With a term deposit, you lock away an amount of money for an agreed length of time (the 'term') – that means you can't access the money until the term is up. In return, you'll get a guaranteed rate of interest for the term you select, so you'll know exactly what the return on your money will be.",open_qa What are the different ways to work with Subject Matter Experts to build a presentation?,,"Clarify the goal of the presentation. Determine a clear call to action for the audience. Answer the question, ""why will this call to action benefit the audience?"" Focus on message before building slides. Focus on the flow of the presentation when reviewing and editing. Pay attention to transitions. Help the subject matter expert build slides. Develop a point of view on the content and make suggestions based on that point of view and your knowledge of what the audience needs. Develop a script. Practice the presentation. Edit the script after practicing when you see improvements.",brainstorming Who is Toto?,"Toto is a fictional dog in L. Frank Baum's Oz series of children's books, and works derived from them. His name is pronounced with a long ""O"", a homophone of ""toe toe"". He was originally a small terrier drawn by W. W. Denslow for the first edition of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). He reappears in numerous adaptations, such as The Wizard of Oz (1939) and The Wiz (1978).","Toto may refer to many things but a popular reference is to a small dog in the movie The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). Toto belongs to Dorothy Gale, the heroine, and plays a key role at several points in the movie including running away (which causes Dorothy to chase after him and get pulled into the story) and pulling the curtain back to reveal that the Wizard is just an old man.",closed_qa What are the functions of the 3 branches of the United States government.,,"The legislative branch creates laws, the executive branch enforces and administrates laws, and the judicial branch interprets laws.",open_qa What is a tender?,,"If an organization asks firms to send in tenders to supply something, they are asking for firm written offers to do the work to an agreed standard and at a stated price.",open_qa What is one Earth day?,,One day on Earth is the time for the Earth to completely rotate on its axis.,open_qa How many languages are spoken in India?,,"There are several languages and dialects spoken across various parts of India. Currently, the Indian constitution recognises 22 languages. However, there are other prominent languages in certain regions that are not recognised. One such example is Marwari which is spoken in several parts of the state named Rajasthan but is not constitutionally recognised.",open_qa "What does the ""E"" stand for in Chuck E. Cheese?",,"The ""E"" stands for ""Entertainment""",open_qa "Tell me which one of the following sports are Olympic sports: karate, snooker, wrestling, tai boxing, football, basketball.",,"Karate, freestyle and greco roman wrestling, boxing, football and basketball are Olympic sports.",classification Queen Elizabeth II coffin rested on a raised platform called a catafalque at,,Westminster Hall,open_qa "Given this paragraph about Twitch Interactive, in what year did Amazon acquire them?","Twitch is an American video live streaming service that focuses on video game live streaming, including broadcasts of esports competitions, in addition to offering music broadcasts, creative content, and ""in real life"" streams. Twitch is operated by Twitch Interactive, a subsidiary of Amazon.com, Inc. It was introduced in June 2011 as a spin-off of the general-interest streaming platform Justin.tv. Content on the site can be viewed either live or via video on demand. The games shown on Twitch's current homepage are listed according to audience preference and include genres such as real-time strategy games (RTS), fighting games, racing games, and first-person shooters. The popularity of Twitch eclipsed that of its general-interest counterpart. In October 2013, the website had 45 million unique viewers, and by February 2014, it was considered the fourth-largest source of peak Internet traffic in the United States. At the same time, Justin.tv's parent company was re-branded as Twitch Interactive to represent the shift in focus – Justin.tv was shut down in August 2014. That month, the service was acquired by Amazon for US$970 million, which later led to the introduction of synergies with the company's subscription service Amazon Prime. Twitch acquired Curse LLC in 2016, an operator of online video gaming communities and introduced means to purchase games through links on streams along with a program allowing streamers to receive commissions on the sales of games that they play. By 2015, Twitch had more than 100 million viewers per month. In 2017, Twitch remained the leading live streaming video service for video games in the US, and had an advantage over YouTube Gaming, which shut down its standalone app in May 2019. As of February 2020, it had 3 million broadcasters monthly and 15 million daily active users, with 1.4 million average concurrent users. As of May 2018, Twitch had over 27,000 partner channels.[1",Amazon acquired Twitch in the year 2014.,closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Domra, Xaphoon",,"Xaphoon is woodwind, Domra is string.",classification Who is Pana Chand Meghwal,"Pana Chand Meghwal is an Indian politician from the Indian National Congress and former member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He was elected to represent the Baran-Atru Constituency. He resigned from Rajasthan assembly on 15 August 2022. Miffed over cases of alleged atrocities on dalits, Congress MLA Pana Chand Meghwal sent his resignation to chief minister Ashok Gehlot, saying he does not have the right to stay as an MLA if he cannot protect the rights of his community.",Pana Chand Meghwal is an Indian politician from the Indian National Congress and former member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He was elected to represent the Baran-Atru Constituency.,summarization What are three ways to build a pillow fort?,,"You could use chairs or sofas in the room as stands, draping large sheets across them to form a canopy and walls. Alternatively, you could stick the corners of the sheets to a corner of the room so the walls are pre-built in, allowing for as tall a canopy as you want, but having a less cozy feel overall. As another option, you could use other large items besides blankets and sheets such as large umbrellas, decorating the space with lots of pillows and stuffed animals to cover any item that isn't already soft or fluffy.",brainstorming Which American president spoke Dutch as their first language?,"Van Buren received a basic education at the village schoolhouse, and briefly studied Latin at the Kinderhook Academy and at Washington Seminary in Claverack. Van Buren was raised speaking primarily Dutch and learned English while attending school; he is the only president of the United States whose first language was not English. Also during his childhood, Van Buren learned at his father's inn how to interact with people from varied ethnic, income, and societal groups, which he used to his advantage as a political organizer. His formal education ended in 1796, when he began reading law at the office of Peter Silvester and his son Francis.",President Van Buren spoke Dutch as his first language. He is the only president of the United States of America who spoke English as a second language.,closed_qa "Classify the animals based on their food habits. Lion, Tiger, Cow, Goat, Deer",,"Herbivores - Cow, Goat, Deer Carnivores. - Lion, Tiger",classification "Which of these items is a food or not: glass, sausage, stone, apple, bread, book.",,"The following items are a food: sausage, apple, and bread. The other items are not a food: glass, stone, and book.",classification What are 5 really good golf ball brands for amateur players,,"Vice, Bridgestone, Taylormade, Srixon, Callaway",brainstorming "From the passage provided, extract the freight train companies using the corridor. Place them in a bullet list.","The corridor is used by many Amtrak trains, including the high-speed Acela, intercity trains and several long-distance trains. Most of the corridor also has frequent commuter rail service, operated by the MBTA, Shore Line East, Hartford Line, Metro-North Railroad, Long Island Rail Road, New Jersey Transit, SEPTA and MARC. While large through freights have not run on the NEC since the early 1980s, several companies continue to run smaller local freights over some select few sections of the NEC including CSX, Norfolk Southern, CSAO, Providence and Worcester, New York and Atlantic and Canadian Pacific, with the first two considered to have part-ownership over those routes.","- CSX - Norfolk Southern - CSAO - Providence and Worcester - New York and Atlantic - Canadian Pacific",information_extraction When was the Australian city Canberra founded?,,"The Australian National Capital of Canberra was announced on the 12th of March 1913 by the Governor-General's wife, Lady Denman. The construction of the city and development was delayed by the two world wars and the great depression, however has steadily grown and now holds more than 400,000 people.",open_qa What are some easy to buy birthday gifts for a coworker?,,"A book, a giftcard, a box of chocolates, a bag of candy, a desk plant or a desk decoration",brainstorming What's the moroccan biodiversity ?,"Morocco has a wide range of biodiversity. It is part of the Mediterranean basin, an area with exceptional concentrations of endemic species undergoing rapid rates of habitat loss, and is therefore considered to be a hotspot for conservation priority. Avifauna are notably variant. The avifauna of Morocco includes a total of 454 species, five of which have been introduced by humans, and 156 are rarely or accidentally seen. The Barbary lion, hunted to extinction in the wild, was a subspecies native to Morocco and is a national emblem. The last Barbary lion in the wild was shot in the Atlas Mountains in 1922. The other two primary predators of northern Africa, the Atlas bear and Barbary leopard, are now extinct and critically endangered, respectively. Relict populations of the West African crocodile persisted in the Draa river until the 20th century. The Barbary macaque, a primate endemic to Morocco and Algeria, is also facing extinction due to offtake for trade human interruption, urbanisation, wood and real estate expansion that diminish forested area – the macaque's habitat. Trade of animals and plants for food, pets, medicinal purposes, souvenirs and photo props is common across Morocco, despite laws making much of it illegal. This trade is unregulated and causing unknown reductions of wild populations of native Moroccan wildlife. Because of the proximity of northern Morocco to Europe, species such as cacti, tortoises, mammal skins, and high-value birds (falcons and bustards) are harvested in various parts of the country and exported in appreciable quantities, with especially large volumes of eel harvested – 60 tons exported to the Far East in the period 2009‒2011.","Morocco has a large variety of Biodiversity. It has an exceptional concentrations of endemic species. The avifauna includes a total of hundred species. The Barbary lion was a subspecies native to Morocco. The other two primary predators of northern Africa, the Atlas bear and Barbary leopard, are now extinct and critically endangered, respectively The Barbary macaque a primate endemic to Morocco.",summarization What are some of the uses of gilding metal?,"Gilding metal is a form of brass (an alloy of copper and zinc) with a much higher copper content than zinc content. Exact figures range from 95% copper and 5% zinc to “8 parts copper to 1 of zinc” (11% zinc) in British Army Dress Regulations. Gilding metal is used for various purposes, including the jackets of bullets, driving bands on some artillery shells, as well as enameled badges and other jewellery. The sheet is widely used for craft metalworking by hammer working. It is also used particularly as a lower-cost training material for silversmiths. Starting in 1944, shell casings made of gilding metal were melted down by the United States Mint to be made into pennies. These pennies replaced the less popular steel cent of 1943, and the pennies of this composition were produced until 1946. Gilding metal was also used for the ""bronze"" Olympic medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan in 2021. Gilding metal may be annealed by heating to between 800–1,450 °F (427–788 °C). It should be cooled slowly afterwards, to reduce risk of cracking.","Army Dress, weapons, metalworking, penny production, and Olympic medals",information_extraction "Tell me whether these are flowers or trees: lily, oak, rose, pine, marigold, hickory, dahlia, spruce",,"Flowers: Lily, rose, marigold, dahlia Trees: Oak, pine, hickory, spruce",classification Who are the top 5 basketball players of all time?,,"The top 5 basketball players of all time will differ in opinion, depending on who you are talking to and in what region. But, a common list includes Michael Jordan, Lebron James, Kobe Bryant, Kareem Abdul Jabbar and Magic Johnson. Other players that are often mentioned in the conversation are Larry Bird, Bill Russel and Julius Erving.",brainstorming What are the most important tools to own when I am an apartment renter?,,"As a renter, you’ll often find yourself hanging pictures, assembling furniture, installing floating shelves, opening and cutting up boxes, storing things on high shelves, tightening screws or bolts that come loose over time, cleaning cobwebs, measuring furniture or a room where you’d like to put furniture, unclogging a toilet, or any number of other activities centered around daily apartment life. To do these things, you’ll need a small number of tools, including: - A standard toilet plunger, because toilets get clogged. Get this most important tool first. - A 1” wide tape measure. Get one that’s 25ft long. The wide width makes it easier for one person to measure long runs or furniture by themselves. A 25ft length will be long enough to measure the longest wall of most rooms and any piece of furniture. - A small level to evenly hang pictures and anything else you can think of. It should be about 10” to 12” long. - A pair of #2 Phillips head and #2 flat tip screwdrivers. Or, a ratcheting screwdriver with a set of replaceable screwdriver tips. To tighten loose screws or assemble furniture. - A folding step-stool that has two or three steps, and can support two to three hundred pounds. To quickly and safely reach those high shelves, hang pictures, and get close to things that are too high off the ground for you to reach standing in your flat shoes. - A comfortable-in-hand hammer, to drive nails for hanging pictures, gently tap things together, or break things apart. A wooden handled, curved-claw hammer that weighs between 12oz-16oz will serve most users well. When pulling nails, place a thin piece of wood between the hammerhead and delicate surfaces such as sheetrock to avoid damaged. Good hardware stores carry both. - A pair of adjustable wrenches for tightening just about anything. You’ll often need a pair of wrenches to both hold and tighten the same fastener. A smaller 8” and larger 10” adjustable wrenches make a good combination for most tasks. - A utility knife and a package of quality blades. To safely cut open boxes and other packaging, as well as trim paper, fabrics, textiles, wood…etc. The knife should feel secure in your hand and have a large, easy to turn knob to open the knife to change blades. Buy a package of high-quality name brand replacement blades to keep on hand. - An extra power receptacle for an emergency or unplanned usage. Always have an extra on hand…you will need it. - Hex wrenches. Also called Allen keys. You’ll need these mainly for assembling things like furniture. These come in both metric and imperial standard sizes. Both are useful to have, but if you only buy one set, make it metric, as it’s the most common type of fastener used to assemble furniture. - A stud finder. Stud finders help you locate the wall studs hidden behind the sheetrock. You’ll need to know where the wall studs are in order to know which fasteners you can use. - A tool box or bag. The only rule here is that the bag needs to hold all of your tools. So, you should probably buy this after you’ve owned and used a few of the tools listed previously, and have a better idea how you’d like to store them, carry them and access them. - A cordless drill and impact driver set, if you can afford it. All the other tools are more important, but these two tools are incredibly useful and make many jobs go faster and more pleasantly. The drill is for drilling. The impact driver is for driving or removing screws and other common fasteners. They look similar, but they are 2 different tools, each giving the user the right kinds of power and feedback required for the job each is designed for. It pays to buy quality here, so buy the best you can afford.",brainstorming What is the holographic principle?,,"The holographic principle is an axiom in string theories and a supposed property of quantum gravity that states that the description of a volume of space can be thought of as encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary to the region — such as a light-like boundary like a gravitational horizon. The holographic principle states that the entropy of ordinary mass (not just black holes) is also proportional to surface area and not volume; that volume itself is illusory and the universe is really a hologram which is isomorphic to the information ""inscribed"" on the surface of its boundary. First proposed by Gerard 't Hooft, it was given a precise string-theory interpretation by Leonard Susskind, who combined his ideas with previous ones of 't Hooft and Charles Thorn. Leonard Susskind said, “The three-dimensional world of ordinary experience––the universe filled with galaxies, stars, planets, houses, boulders, and people––is a hologram, an image of reality coded on a distant two-dimensional surface."" As pointed out by Raphael Bousso, Thorn observed in 1978 that string theory admits a lower-dimensional description in which gravity emerges from it in what would now be called a holographic way. The prime example of holography is the AdS/CFT correspondence.",open_qa Which is a species of fish? Oscar or Papa,,Oscar,classification What singer has had a Billboard No. 1 hit in each of the last four decades?,,Mariah Carey,open_qa What is some advice for planning an Alaskan vacation?,,"First, you need to determine what are your goals for visiting Alaska. Do you enjoy summer activities or winter activities? Do you want to see the Northern Lights or would you rather vacation under the Midnight Sun? Once you have decided when to go, you can build your itinerary around these desired activities. It's important to note that if you want to work within a budget, it's more expensive during the summer. Plane tickets, hotels, and car rentals will be pricey and oftentimes harder to reserve. On the other hand, it will be cheaper to visit Alaska in the winter, as you will have more hotel options available to you, but fewer flight options, and you will need to have winter driving experience if you rent a car. In the summertime, you will get to experience the state in full bloom -- pun intended. Because Alaska gets more direct sunlight during this time of year, everything grows big and fast. The best months for a summertime visit are late May, June, and July. The further north you go, the more sunlight you will have, with 24 hours of full sun in Utqiagvik (formerly known as Barrow). There are plenty of places to go hiking, fishing, camping, and hunting. Don't forget to bring bug spray, as the mosquitoes are huge and plentiful; you'll also likely encounter ""no-see-ums"" which are tiny biting midges that can swarm you. In Anchorage, the biggest city, you can rent a bicycle to ride the hundreds of miles of trails within the municipality. Keep in mind that despite the extra sun exposure, you'll likely encounter cold and rainy weather, so bring a rain jacket. In the wintertime, you will have the opportunity to see the Northern Lights. The further north you are, the chances are higher that you will see them. When it's very cold and clear out, and if you're away from city light pollution, you're almost guaranteed to see a beautiful display in the night sky. While you might not have much success camping or fishing, you can still do other activities like skiing and snowboarding at the world-famous Alyeska resort, ice skating on many public-use ponds and lakes, and perhaps catch the ceremonial start of the Iditarod dog race in February. Don't forget to bring lots of warm clothes and to layer up from head-to-toe. Average December temperatures across Alaska vary from a low of 27F in Juneau to -20F in Tok, but it isn't unusual for temperatures to drop much, much further. Many people don't realize that Alaska is a very, very big state. Don't try to cram too many activities into a short amount of time and give yourself plenty of time to travel to your intended destinations. There most reliable transportation is either a car or plane; there is not a well-developed rail system nor other public transport system. Some car rental company won't let you drive to certain areas because of inherent highway dangers, such as unpaved, gravel roads, isolation, and animal dangers. You'll encounter delays on roads in the summer due to road construction and delays in the winter due to accidents, ice, and blizzards. No matter what time of year you go, there will be plenty to see and do in Alaska. Just remember to plan ahead, budget accordingly, dress appropriately for the weather, and build some flexibility into your itinerary to accommodate for delays or unexpected changes.",creative_writing "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cimboa, Bamboo clapper",,"Bamboo clapper is percussion, Cimboa is string.",classification "There are three rock types; igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. I have a list of rocks, can you please tell me what type of rocks they are? These are the rocks: Sandstone, Granite, Marble, Basalt, Chalk, Slate.",,Granite and basalt are igneous rocks. Sandstone and chalk are sedimentary rocks. Marble and slate are metamorphic rock types.,classification "When protecting your company from a security breach, categorize each of the following as ""Enhancing Security"" or ""Diminishing Security"": Multi-factor Authentication, VPN, Unlocked Computers, Shared Passwords, Anti-Malware Solution",,"Multi-factor Authentication: Enhancing Security VPN: Enhancing Security Unlocked Computers: Diminishing Security Shared Passwords: Diminishing Security Anti-Malware Solution: Enhancing Security",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ranat thum, Tumbi",,"Tumbi is string, Ranat thum is percussion.",classification Where was the 11th BRICS held?,,"Brasila, the capital of Brazil",open_qa What are some of the most well-known castles in the Loire Valley in France?,,"The list of castles includes Château de Cheverny, Château de Chambord, Château de Chenonceau, Château d'Azay-le-Rideau, Château de Villandry, Château d'Amboise, and Château de Chaumont.",open_qa "Categorize the following list into common greetings and common parting words: goodbye, hi, hiya, howdy, see ya, what's up, i'm out, how are you, how are you doing, peace, sup, talk to you later, see you soon, have a good one",,"Common greetings: hi, hiya, howdy, what's up, how are you, how are you doing, sup Common parting words: goodbye, see ya, i'm out, peace, talk to you later, see you soon, have a good one",classification What is Sunshine Recession?,,It is known as the deepest period in which sunspots are not virtually visible. Deepest period is related to sun cycle's process called solar minimum,open_qa What kind of plant is the Besleria modica,,Besleria modica is a species of plant in the family Gesneriaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Daf, Bandura",,"Bandura is string, Daf is percussion.",classification "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Hovasaurus, Green Turtle",,"Green Turtle is alive, Hovasaurus is extinct.",classification How many official languages are spoken in India?,,Republic of India as a nation has over 122 major languages and 1599 other languages but the latest constitution records officially 22 languages. These are classified as scheduled languages which has recognition and status.,open_qa When did Rolex introduce the Batman GMT,"In 2013, Rolex created the first two-tone ceramic bezel, in blue and black, for the steel GMT-Master II nicknamed “Batman”. The blue and black bezel is made of Cerachrom, Rolex's patented version of ceramic; it is produced through a patented process of creating two colors out of a mono-block Cerachrom bezel.",The Batman was introduced in 2013 with a black and blue bezel,information_extraction Why did Georges think that Helene redirected her affections towards Walter Rogers?,"Papa Chibou (Paul Muni), the elderly caretaker of Musée Pratouchy, a Parisian wax museum, feels a strong kinship with the figures, particularly with that of Napoleon. He spots at the waxworks a romantic young couple, Georges (Russell Gleason), a lawyer, and Helene (Marguerite Churchill), the daughter of a stern judge (Lester Lonergan) who disapproves of his daughter's choice and forbids her to see Georges. Papa Chibou suggests to them that they can still stay in touch, without disobeying her father's directive not to speak with each other, by placing secret personal messages in the pockets of Napoleon's uniform. However, a missing letter and confusion in communication causes Georges to arrive at the mistaken conclusion that Helene has redirected her affections towards a foolish young man (Walter Rogers), who is unworthy of her and excessively preoccupied with his stylish personal appearance and elegant clothing.","A missing letter and confusion in communication caused Georges to arrive at the mistaken conclusion that Helene has redirected her affections towards Walter Rogers (a foolish young man), who is unworthy of her and excessively preoccupied with his stylish personal appearance and elegant clothing.",closed_qa Summarize the parliamentary 2023 elections results in Andorra,"On the evening of 2 April, the Andorran government announced the results: the ruling coalition of Democrats for Andorra (DA) and Committed Citizens (CC) won the elections with 16 seats, gaining 3 more seats and the absolute majority of Consell General's seats. It was followed by the new Concord party, which won 5 seats. The third place was won by the progressive coalition formed by the Social Democratic Party (PS) and Social Democracy and Progress (SDP), which lost 4 seats, remaining with 3. In last positions, the new parties Andorra Forward, which won 3 seats, and Action for Andorra (Accío), which won one. At a press conference, Xavier Espot, accompanied by the Minister of Finance and acting government spokesman Cesar Marquina, proclaimed these results. Liberals of Andorra was left without parliamentary representation, losing the 4 seats it had. The turnout was 66.95%, 1.3% less than that recorded in the 2019 elections, despite being higher than in previous years. Early voting rose to 30%, the highest figure ever recorded.","Xavier Espot, Cesar Marquina, and the Minister of Finance confirmed April 2nd, 2023 that the Democrats of Andorra and Committed Citizens parties won with an absolute majority (16 seats total, adding 3 new seats). The turn out was very similar to 2019, with just 1.3% less voting (66.95% in total). This may have been due to a record turn out in early voting, which was higher than ever recorded at 30%.",summarization What are the primary causes of inflation?,,"In economics, inflation is the growth rate of the price of goods and services for a particular selection of items. For example, items that a typical household consumes are captured in the Consumer Price Index, whereas items that domestic producers buy are included in the Producer Price Index. The drivers behind changes in the general price levels can be attributed to two main reasons. First, changes in the real demand and supply of goods and services will drive prices up or down. Higher prices will encourage suppliers to increase supply and discourage consumer demand reestablishing market equilibrium. Second, changes in the money supply –i.e. the amount of currency in circulation, bank deposits, and other liquid monetary aggregates– can lead to inflation. When a country's central bank decides to increase the money supply through quantitative easing monetary policies, the amount of currency available to buy and sell the same amount of goods and services increases. If the rate at which money is exchanged in an economy remains unchanged (i.e. velocity of money is constant) then a higher money supply will lead to higher prices because there is more money to transact the same amount of goods and services in the economy.",open_qa Please give me a list of popular street foods available in South Korea,"Bungeoppang This fish-shaped bun filled with sweet red beans is a classic street snack. It is known to have come from Japan in the 1930s. Taiyaki which was famous in Japan became Bungeoppang. In Japanese, ""Tai"" means sea bream, and ""yaki"" means roasted. So this is a cheap street snack which imitates the more expensive Japanese food. It was the most common street food in the 1950s and 1960s, after the Japanese colonial period. It has appeared again since the 1990s. Boong o bbang.jpg Eomuk Fish cake is a mixture of fish meat and wheat flour. The hot sauce flavored with soy sauce can be addictive to many. Eomuk is also a typical Japanese food. It used to be called oden; Japanese oden is boiled tofu, fish cake, konjac, jelly, and boiled egg on a skewer. It was after the time of enlightenment in 1876 that the eomuk tang (fish cake soup) was brought to Korea. It entered Korea at the port of Bu-san and became a widespread Korean street food. As the home of fish cake history, Busan boasts that its fish cake is the best in Korea. Eomuk-kkochi.jpg Hotteok Hotteok is a traditional street food in South Korea. It is commonly eaten in the winter. Normally, hotteok is made of dough filled with cinnamon-flavored raw sugar. Nowadays, there are varieties of hotteok with nuts like peanuts. or a colored hotteok with green tea powder and corn flour. Hotteok.jpg Hoppang Hoppang means steamed bun in Korean. A steamed bun is made from flour, usually from the United States, and red beans. Ingredients such as vegetables, meat, sweet pumpkin, curry and pizza are added, and additional variants on the hoppang theme are constantly being developed. It can be found both on the street and at convenience stores. Hoppang (inside).jpg Tteokbokki Tteokbokki is stir-fried rice cake, a traditional Korean food. There is a history of food similar to tteokbokki in a book called '食療纂要' compiled at the time of Chosun, Sejo in 1460. Before kochujang tteokbokki, there was food similar to tteokbokki in the old court. In the 1800s cookbook ""是議全書"", there is a record that ""I ate white rice cake with beef sirloin, soy sauce, onion, rice cake and so on."" It re-emerged in the late 1960s, with a Kochujang (red chili paste) sauce. Tteok-bokki.jpg Gyeran-ppang Gyeran-ppang (egg bread) is a warm street snack sold throughout South Korea. The fluffy, oblong-shaped loaf of bread is sweet and savory with a whole egg inside the pancake dough. Gyeranppang by travel oriented.jpg Dak-kkochi Dak-kkochi, called Korean chicken skewers, is a popular South Korean street food consisting of small pieces of chicken and scallions grilled on a skewer. Street Food - Chicken skewers - Dakkochi (닭꼬치) (10585858164).jpg Galbi Galbi is a term which means rib and typically come from pork or chicken. It is a popular dish where the meat is marinated with a mixture of soy sauce, garlic, sugar, and sesame seeds. It is usually placed on a stick since the stick is readily available to dispose and to cook on a grill. Of course, beef galbi can be used to make soup (galbitang) and steamed galbi (galbijjim). But these dishes, while excellent in their own right, are overshadowed by their grilled leader (Kim 2018). Galbi with bamboo leaves.jpg Sundae Sundae is a type of blood sausage that is mixed with pig intestine and stuffed with cellophane noodles, vegetables, and meat. It's usually served cut up into bite size pieces with lung and liver from the pig on the side as a garnish. Sundae.jpg Gunbam Gunbam is a street food that is considered one of the most popular snacks in winter. It is a roasted chestnut baked in a brazier, which tastes both savory and sweet.","Bungeoppang, Eomuk, Hotteok, Hoppang, Tteokbokki, Gyeranppang, Dak-kkochi, Galbi, Sundae, Gunbam",summarization What is PHP?,,PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared toward web development.,open_qa From the passage note down the biggest institutional shareholders of Credit Suisse. List the results in comma separated format.,"Credit Suisse Group AG (French pronunciation: [kʁe.di sɥis], lit. 'Swiss Credit') is a global investment bank and financial services firm founded and based in Switzerland. Headquartered in Zürich, it maintains offices in all major financial centers around the world and provides services in investment banking, private banking, asset management, and shared services. It is known for strict bank–client confidentiality and banking secrecy. The Financial Stability Board considers it to be a global systemically important bank. Credit Suisse is also a primary dealer and Forex counterparty of the Federal Reserve in the United States. Credit Suisse was founded in 1856 to fund the development of Switzerland's rail system. It issued loans that helped create Switzerland's electrical grid and the European rail system. In the 1900s, it began shifting to retail banking in response to the elevation of the middle class and competition from fellow Swiss banks UBS and Julius Bär. Credit Suisse partnered with First Boston in 1978 before buying a controlling share of the bank in 1988. From 1990 to 2000, the company purchased institutions such as Winterthur Group, Swiss Volksbank, Swiss American Securities Inc. (SASI), and Bank Leu. The biggest institutional shareholders of Credit Suisse include the Saudi National Bank (9.88%), the Qatar Investment Authority and BlackRock (about 5% each), Dodge & Cox, Norges Bank and the Saudi Olayan Group. The company was one of the least affected banks during the global financial crisis, but afterwards began shrinking its investment business, executing layoffs and cutting costs. The bank was at the center of multiple international investigations for tax avoidance which culminated in a guilty plea and the forfeiture of US$2.6 billion in fines from 2008 to 2012. By the end of 2022, Credit Suisse had approximately CHF 1.3 trillion in assets under management.","Saudi National Bank, Qatar Investment Authority, BlackRock, Dodge & Cox, Norges Bank, Saudi Olayan Group",information_extraction "Based on this article, what countries have implemented the use of a dead man zone?","Outcomes from Project Vesta have been integrated into firefighter training in Australia and are beginning to appear in the United States. Firefighters try to stay out of the dead man zone at all times, working from safe points such as burnt ground or a large area of non-burnable ground, such as a cricket or Australian rules football oval, or a large car park. This is achieved by attacking the fire from the flanks, or the rear, so that burnt ground is always nearby, and the fire is always in front of the firefighters. This avoids two disadvantages of attacking fires at the head of the fire where spot fires may start behind them or changes in wind behavior might accelerate the spread of the fire. The result of several inquiries into firefighter death in Australian bushfires found that firefighters should stay out of the dead man zone and that they should always keep 250 liters of water in their truck for personal safety. This is now a standard operating procedure in the NSW Rural Fire Service, Country Fire Service and Country Fire Authority in Australia.",Australia and the United States have used the dead man zone from Project Vesta,closed_qa What is the terminal outbound station of the D line in the Boston MBTA?,,Riverside Station is the last station headed outbound on the D line of Boston's MBTA.,open_qa Name some TV shows that American actor David Duchovny has been in.,,"The X-Files, Californication, Twin Peaks, The Red Shoe Diaries, Aquarius",open_qa What is the purpose of a shot clock in basketball?,,"The shot clock is intended to increase the pace of play. By having a limited amount of time to shoot, teams are encouraged to shoot more frequently, leading to a faster moving game.",open_qa From the passage list all the years and the sporting events mentioned,"The first lightweight events were added to the World Championships in 1974 for men and 1985 for women. Lightweight rowing was added to the Olympics in 1996 but this came under threat in 2002 when the Programme Commission of the IOC recommended that, outside combat sports and weightlifting, there should not be weight category events. The executive board overturned this recommendation and lightweight rowing continues at the Olympics, though only in the men's and women's double sculls.","Years mentioned are 1974, 1985, 1996 and 2002. The sporting events are World Championship and Olympics.",information_extraction I have some vermouth and bitters. What cocktails can I make with those ingredients?,,"You can add whiskey to your vermouth and bitters to make a manhattan. Alternatively, if you have gin you can mix dry vermouth to make a martini or combine with sweet vermouth and Campari to make a negroni.",open_qa What is Delphi?,,"Delphi is a general-purpose programming language and a software product that uses the Delphi dialect of the Object Pascal programming language and provides an integrated development environment (IDE) for rapid application development of desktop, mobile, web, and console software, currently developed and maintained by Embarcadero Technologies.",open_qa What are all the positions in hockey?,,"In hockey there are six distinct positions for players: center, left wing, right wing, left defense, right defense, and goalkeeper.",brainstorming "Classify the following ten cloud types by altitude : Cirrus, Cumulus, Stratus, Stratocumulus, Cumulonimbus, NimboStratus, Cirrocumulus, Cirrostratus, Altostratus, Altocumulus,",,"These cloud types are generally classified in three different altitude groups. The lowest hanging clouds are within 2km distance and cover the four types listed here - Stratus, Cumulus, Cumulonimbus, and Stratocumulus. The middle altitude clouds are within 2 to 7 km distance. The three cloud types in this category are Nimbostratus, Altocumulus, and Altostratus. Finally, the highest altitude clouds can be as high as 13 kms. These include Cirrus, Cirrocumulus, Cirrostratus. Each of these cloud types have further cloud species based on the formation and appearance.",classification What languages are spoken in Tunisia?,"The official language of Tunisia is Modern Standard Arabic. The vast majority of Tunisia's population is Arab and Muslim. Vernacular Tunisian Arabic is the most spoken, and French also serves as an administrative and educational language in some contexts, but it has no official status. Tunisia is well integrated into the international community. It is a member of the United Nations, La Francophonie, the Arab League, the OIC, the African Union, the COMESA, the Non-Aligned Movement, the International Criminal Court, and the Group of 77, among others. It maintains close economic and political relations with some European countries, particularly with France, and Italy, due to their geographical proximity. Tunisia also has an association agreement with the European Union and has attained the status of a major non-NATO ally of the United States.","The official language of Tunisia is Modern Standard Arabic, though vernacular Tunisian Arabic is the most spoken. French also serves as an administrative and educational language in some contexts, but it has no official status.",closed_qa "From this passage, find out who controls the Panama Canal","The Panama Canal is an artificial 82 km (51 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and South America. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduces the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan. Colombia, France, and later the United States controlled the territory surrounding the canal during construction. France began work on the canal in 1881, but stopped because of lack of investors' confidence due to engineering problems and a high worker mortality rate. The United States took over the project on May 4, 1904, and opened the canal on August 15, 1914. The US continued to control the canal and surrounding Panama Canal Zone until the 1977 Torrijos–Carter Treaties provided for its handover to Panama. After a period of joint American–Panamanian control, the canal was taken over by the Panamanian government in 1999. It is now managed and operated by the government-owned Panama Canal Authority. Canal locks at each end lift ships up to Gatun Lake, an artificial lake 26 meters (85 ft) above sea level, created to reduce the amount of excavation work required for the canal, and then lower the ships at the other end. The original locks are 33.5 meters (110 ft) wide. A third, wider lane of locks was constructed between September 2007 and May 2016. The expanded waterway began commercial operation on June 26, 2016. The new locks allow transit of larger, New Panamax ships. Annual traffic has risen from about 1,000 ships in 1914, when the canal opened, to 14,702 vessels in 2008, for a total of 333.7 million Panama Canal/Universal Measurement System (PC/UMS) tons. By 2012, more than 815,000 vessels had passed through the canal. In 2017 it took ships an average of 11.38 hours to pass between the canal's two locks. The American Society of Civil Engineers has ranked the Panama Canal one of the seven wonders of the modern world.","Colombia, France, and later the United States controlled the territory surrounding the Panama canal during its construction. France started the project in 1881 and passed the baton to the United States in 1904. After finishing the project in 1914, the US continued to control the canal and surrounding Panama Canal Zone till 1977. There onwards, after a period of joint American–Panamanian control, the canal was taken over by the Panamanian government in 1999. It is now managed and operated by the government-owned Panama Canal Authority.",information_extraction "From this passage, extract the treatments for ACO in a bulleted list.","Treatment of ACO is based on expert opinion as there are no universally accepted clinical guidelines. Treatment is usually based on whether clinical features of asthma or COPD predominate. Inhaled corticosteroids are the primary treatment in those with ACOS. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) should be continued in those with asthma who develop decreased airway responsiveness to bronchodilators consistent with ACO. Therapy can be escalated to include a long acting beta-agonist (LABA) and inhaled steroid combination (ICS-LABA) or by adding on a long-acting anti-muscarinic inhaler (LAMA), known as triple therapy, in those with more severe or resistant disease. Monoclonal antibodies targeting type 2 inflammation (which is predominant in asthma) have been used to treat severe asthma, and may also be used in severe cases of ACO. These monoclonal antibodies include omalizumab (an Anti-IgE antibody), mepolizumab (an anti-IL-5 antibody) and benralizumab (an anti-IL-5 receptor α antibody). People with ACOS and eosinophilia have a better response to ICS; with fewer exacerbations and hospitalizations seen in ACOS treated with long term ICS. Systemic corticosteroids (intravenous or oral steroids) may be used during exacerbations of ACOS. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma-COPD_overlap","-Inhaled corticosteroids -long acting beta-agonist (LABA) and inhaled steroid combination (ICS-LABA) -triple therapy (in other words, adding on a long-acting anti-muscarinic inhaler (LAMA) -monoclonal antibodies targeting type 2 inflammation -systemic corticosteroids (intravenous or oral steroids)",information_extraction From this paragraph please summarize the notable California regions where pinot noir is produced.,"Pinot noir's home is France's Burgundy region, particularly Côte-d'Or. It is also planted in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, northern parts of Croatia, Czech Republic, England, the Republic of Georgia, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Hungary, Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, New Zealand, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Switzerland, Ukraine, United States, and Uruguay. The United States has increasingly become a major pinot noir producer, with some of the best regarded coming from Oregon's Willamette Valley, and California's Sonoma County with its Russian River Valley and Sonoma Coast appellations. Lesser-known appellations are found in Mendocino County's Anderson Valley, the Central Coast's Santa Lucia Highlands appellation, the Santa Maria Valley, and Sta. Rita Hills American Viticulture Area in Santa Barbara County. In New Zealand, it is principally grown in Martinborough, Marlborough, Waipara, and Central Otago.","Notable California regions that produce pinot noir include Sonoma County (Russian River Valley and Sonoma Coast), Mendocino County (Anderson Valley), Central Coast (Santa Lucia Highlands), and Santa Barbara County (Santa Maria Valley, Sta. Rita Hills American Viticulture Area).",summarization "Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Ford, Higer",,"Ford is American, Higer is Chinese",classification "Given this paragraph about the history of Beijing, when did Beijing get the current name?","Over the past 3,000 years, the city of Beijing has had numerous other names. The name Beijing, which means ""Northern Capital"" (from the Chinese characters 北 for north and 京 for capital), was applied to the city in 1403 during the Ming dynasty to distinguish the city from Nanjing (the ""Southern Capital""). The English spelling Beijing is based on the government's official romanization (adopted in the 1980s) of the two characters as they are pronounced in Standard Mandarin. An older English spelling, Peking(北平 in Chinese meaning), was used by Jesuit missionary Martino Martini in a popular atlas published in Amsterdam in 1655. Although Peking is no longer the common name for the city, some of the city's older locations and facilities, such as Beijing Capital International Airport, with the IATA Code PEK, and Peking University, still retain the former romanization.","In 1403, during the Ming dynasty, Beijing got its current name.",closed_qa Based on the above passage classify Bermudians based on their descent along with respective percentages in a bracket. Display the results in a comma separated format.,"Bermuda (/bərˈmjuːdə/; historically known as The Bermudas or Somers Isles) is a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. The Bermuda archipelago consists of 181 islands with a total land area of 54 km2 (21 sq mi). The closest land outside the territory is in the US state of North Carolina, approximately 1,035 km (643 mi) to the northwest. Bermuda is named after Spanish explorer Juan de Bermúdez, who discovered the archipelago in 1505. The islands have been permanently inhabited since 1612, and, forming part of British America, became a crown colony in 1684. The first African slaves arrived in 1616, but as the slave trade ceased by the end of the 17th century, the colony developed into a base for merchants, privateers, and the Royal Navy. More recently, tourism has been a significant contributor to Bermuda's economy. After World War II the territory became an offshore financial centre and tax haven. As of 2019, Bermuda had a population of around 64,000 people, making it the second-most populous of the British overseas territories, after the Cayman Islands. Black Bermudians, primarily descended from African slaves, make up almost 60% of the population, while White Bermudians, primarily of British, Irish, and Portuguese descent, account for more than 30%.","Black Bermudians (60%), White Bermudians (30%)",information_extraction How many total men fought at Kosovo Field according to text?,"The Crusaders, numbering 22,000-30,000 arrived at Kosovo Field (the site of the first Battle of Kosovo in 1389, between Serbs and Ottomans) having faced an Ottoman army of 40,000-60,000 men Sultan Murad personally commanded a large section of cannons and janissaries, while his son and would-be successor, 16-year-old Mehmed, who faced battle for the first time, led the Anatolian troops at the right wing. Hunyadi commanded the center of his army in the battle, while the Crusaders right wing was under the Wallachians. The Hungarians had long barrage cannons. Calculating that he would need more than 40,000 men to defeat the Ottomans, the Hungarian regent sought to join up with anti-Ottoman Albanian forces, possibly led by Skanderbeg. The Ottomans in their base at Sofia received word of the Crusader army's march route and subsequently began readying their men.","The Crusaders fielded 22,000-30,000 men and the Ottomans 40,000-60,000 for a combined total of 62,000-90,000 men.",information_extraction Extract the names of the teams Bennie John Reiges was a part of from the text. Separate them with a comma.,"Bennie John Reiges (March 4, 1920 – October 22, 2020) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Arizona State Teachers College at Flagstaff—now known as Northern Arizona University—in 1950, compiling a record of 2–7. Reiges played college football as a quarterback at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) during the 1946 and 1947 seasons. He was selected by the Los Angeles Rams in the 1947 NFL Draft. He died in October 2020 at the age of 100.","University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles Rams, Arizona State Teachers College at Flagstaff",information_extraction What are some defining qualities of authoritarianism?,"Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic voting. Political scientists have created many typologies describing variations of authoritarian forms of government. Authoritarian regimes may be either autocratic or oligarchic and may be based upon the rule of a party or the military. States that have a blurred boundary between democracy and authoritarianism have some times been characterized as ""hybrid democracies"", ""hybrid regimes"" or ""competitive authoritarian"" states. The political scientist Juan Linz, in an influential 1964 work, An Authoritarian Regime: Spain, defined authoritarianism as possessing four qualities: Limited political pluralism, is realized with constraints on the legislature, political parties and interest groups. Political legitimacy is based upon appeals to emotion and identification of the regime as a necessary evil to combat ""easily recognizable societal problems, such as underdevelopment or insurgency."" Minimal political mobilization, and suppression of anti-regime activities. Ill-defined executive powers, often vague and shifting extend the power of the executive. Minimally defined, an authoritarian government lacks free and competitive direct elections to legislatures, free and competitive direct or indirect elections for executives, or both. Broadly defined, authoritarian states include countries that lack civil liberties such as freedom of religion, or countries in which the government and the opposition do not alternate in power at least once following free elections. Authoritarian states might contain nominally democratic institutions such as political parties, legislatures and elections which are managed to entrench authoritarian rule and can feature fraudulent, non-competitive elections. In contexts of democratic backsliding, scholars tend to identify authoritarian political leaders based on certain tactics, such as: politicizing independent institutions, spreading disinformation, aggrandizing executive power, quashing dissent, targeting vulnerable communities, stoking violence, and corrupting elections. Since 1946, the share of authoritarian states in the international political system increased until the mid-1970s but declined from then until the year 2000.","1. Limited political pluralism or outright rejection of political pluralism. 2. Lack of civil liberties 3. Lack of free, fair and competitive elections 4. So-called democratic institutions corrupted by authoritarian rule 5. Use of election tactics such as spreading misinformation, politicizing independent institutions, quashing dissent, engaging in culture wars, targeting vulnerable communities, stoking violence, and aggrandizing executive power. 6. Use of a strong central power to preserve the political status quo at the cost of basic democratic ideals such as the rule of law, separation of powers, and voting rights.",summarization What are the different ways I can open a jar whose lid is stuck and will not open?,,"1. Using a rubber band or rubber glove - Surround the circumference of the lid with a rubber band and now try to open the lid the same way you would normally do. The rubber band creates additional friction which causes helps open the lid with less force. The same result can be achieved by using rubber glove. 2. Using hot water - Hold the jar under hot water, the hot water will allow the metal lid to expand allowing you to open the jar. 3. Using a knife - Break the vacuum seal by poking a hole in the lid using a sharp object such as a knife. Once the vacuum seal is broken, you can twist open the lid with less force.",brainstorming "From the passage provided, extract the types of castles in Greater Manchester and the corresponding number of each type in a numbered list of format {Type} - {Number}","There are nine castles in Greater Manchester, a metropolitan county in North West England. They consist of four motte-and-bailey castles, three fortified manor houses, an enclosure castle, and a possible shell keep. Four of Greater Manchester's castles are scheduled monuments: Buckton, Bury, Radcliffe Tower (pictured), and Watch Hill. The purpose of a castle was not simply militaristic, but was also considered to be a stamp of authority over the population of an area and a status symbol. Some would have acted as centres of trade and administration for a manor. The earliest castles in Greater Manchester are Dunham and Watch Hill in Trafford, Ullerwood in Manchester, and Stockport Castle in Stockport. They were first recorded in 1173 as belonging to barons who had rebelled against Henry II.","1. Motte-and-bailey castle - 4 2. Fortified manor house - 3 3. Enclosure castle - 1 4. Shell keep - 1",information_extraction "Tell me which of the following activities are types of workouts: walking, running, weightlifting, HIIT, cardio, yoga, sleeping, sitting at your chair, standing, looking into the distance, watching TV.",,"Working out typically involves movement of the body and muscles. it often involves the stretching or contracting of muscles and can have a change in heart rate. Walking, running, weightlifting, HIIT, and cardio, and yoga are different types of workouts.",classification "Using the information in the paragraph, give me a short bulleted list of Arsenal football club's main achievements","Arsenal Football Club is an English professional football club based in Islington, London. Arsenal plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The club has won 13 league titles (including one unbeaten title), a record 14 FA Cups, two League Cups, 16 FA Community Shields, one European Cup Winners' Cup, and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. In terms of trophies won, it is the third-most successful club in English football. Arsenal was the first club from the South of England to join the Football League in 1893, and they reached the First Division in 1904. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division, and have won the second-most top-flight matches in English football history. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1989 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position. Between 1998 and 2017, Arsenal qualified for the UEFA Champions League for nineteen consecutive seasons. Herbert Chapman, who changed the fortunes of Arsenal forever, won the club its first silverware, and his legacy led the club to dominate the 1930s decade; Chapman, however, died of pneumonia in 1934, aged 55. He helped introduce the WM formation, floodlights, and shirt numbers; he also added the white sleeves and brighter red to the club's jersey. Arsène Wenger is the longest-serving manager and won the most trophies. He won a record seven FA Cups, and his title-winning team set an English record for the longest top-flight unbeaten league run at 49 games between 2003 and 2004, receiving the nickname The Invincibles. In 1886, munitions workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich founded the club as Dial Square. In 1913 the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, becoming close neighbours of Tottenham Hotspur, and creating the North London derby. In 2006, they moved to the nearby Emirates Stadium. With an annual revenue of £340.3m in the 2019–20 season, Arsenal was estimated to be worth US$2.68 billion by Forbes, making it the world's eighth most valuable club, while it is one of the most followed on social media. The motto of the club has long been Victoria Concordia Crescit, Latin for ""Victory Through Harmony"".","* Arsenal FC have won the highest number FA Cups * Arsenal's ""Invincibles"" team in the 2003 season was the only team in the premier league's history to go an entire season unbeaten * Arsenal qualified for the UEFA champions league for 19 consecutive years",summarization Give me 3 ideas for an instant serotonin boost.,,"If you want an instant boost of serotonin, try the following things: 1. Work in a few minutes of exercise, even a short walk can help boost your mood. 2. Take yourself out for your favorite treat, whether it's a meal at your favorite restaurant, going to your favorite coffee shop, or picking up your favorite ice cream. 3. Think of a happy memory and remember the events of that day.",brainstorming Give me 10 information extraction type questions about why Michael Jordan is the best basketball player of all time that will be used for training a large language model,"Jordan's individual accolades and accomplishments include six NBA Finals Most Valuable Player (MVP) awards, ten NBA scoring titles (both all-time records), five NBA MVP awards, ten All-NBA First Team designations, nine All-Defensive First Team honors, fourteen NBA All-Star Game selections, three NBA All-Star Game MVP awards, three NBA steals titles, and the 1988 NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award. He holds the NBA records for career regular season scoring average (30.12 points per game) and career playoff scoring average (33.4 points per game). In 1999, he was named the 20th century's greatest North American athlete by ESPN, and was second to Babe Ruth on the Associated Press' list of athletes of the century. Jordan was twice inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, once in 2009 for his individual career, and again in 2010 as part of the 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team (""The Dream Team""). He became a member of the United States Olympic Hall of Fame in 2009, a member of the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame in 2010, and an individual member of the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2015 and a ""Dream Team"" member in 2017. In 2021, Jordan was named to the NBA 75th Anniversary Team.","Michael Jordan was a NCAA champion in college at North Carolina. In the NBA he played in six NBA championships and his team won each championship series. He was voted MVP in for each championship. When he retired, between the two three-peats championships, the Bulls went from great to just above average. Individually he carried at 30 point per game scoring average and was a killer on defense. Teams schemed to stop him thinking if you stop MJ, you stop the Bulls. They were correct and it worked somewhat in his early years. However he broke through. They still schemed and planned against him but failed. While in his peak MJs dominance kept other great players, sharing the era with him, from championships. Greats such as Charles Barkley, Dominique Wilkins, Karl Malone, Hakeem Olajuwan and Patrick Ewing, could not go through him although some led their teams to championships when MJ was retired.",information_extraction Where is Cabomba sometimes used for decoration but also utility?,"Cabomba is an aquatic plant genus, one of two belonging to the family Cabombaceae. It has divided submerged leaves in the shape of a fan (hence the vernacular name fanwort) and is much favoured by aquarists as an ornamental and oxygenating plant for fish tanks. Use in the aquarium trade has led to some species being introduced to other parts of the world, such as Australia, where they have become weeds.",fish tanks,information_extraction "Write the synopsis for a spy thriller book. The story should a team of experts in many various domains of science and technology, all working together to solve a potential global crisis. Leave the synopsis with a cliff-hanger question.",,"""The Shadow Experts"" tells a story that brings together the world of spying and a group of experts whose goal it is to help ""just causes."" The heroine, a very secretive individual with a European aristocratic cover, founded a network of specialists whose expertise encompasses a vast swath of current scientific knowledge. It ranges from highly technical fields such as nuclear physics or bio-medical research to others, more qualitative, such as psychology, art and criminology. Each of the members of the network is sworn to secrecy and only rarely meets either the heroine or other members. This network is known as ""The Shadow Experts."" They all have their own known and public activities, allowing them to stay at the leading edge of their specialty. Here, The Shadow Experts are hired by the Mossad to help trace a deadly virus which seems to have hit a few geographical pockets with, on the surface, no apparent relationship with one another. Using novel and at times even experimental equipment, the heroine, with the help of colleagues from ""The Shadow Experts"" and Mossad agents, works to find the source of the virus, the reasons for its introduction in selective geographies and the best approach to contain its spread. The hunt for the source takes her and members of her informal team around the world. In the process, she discovers a parallel network of criminals linked to a large and dangerous organization and at least one, possibly two countries and their secret services. Will the project prevent the catastrophe that is being planned?",creative_writing What are some of the best Easter Basket fillers for teenagers?,,"Some really good ideas to put in an Easter Basket for a teenager are things that are themed around spring, like umbrellas, a raincoat, seeds to plant, or spring season cosmetics for girls and spring colored clothing for boys. Sweets are always popular, with items like Peeps, chocolate Easter Bunnies and jelly beans being the most common. Other people like to include creative items, like small journals and colored pens and pencils. Don't forget that teens are still young at heart, and might enjoyed some colored sidewalk chalk or bubbles, too! Some practical items are things like water bottles, socks, and personal hygiene items.",brainstorming What is the PEDALS method,,"PEDALS is a mnemonic to help in system design interviews, which stands for Process, Estimate, Design, Articulate Data Model, List Architecture and Scale",open_qa What are the three highest peaks in the UK?,,"Ben Nevis, Scafell Pike, and Snowdon are the highest mountains in Scotland, England, and Wales.",open_qa Give me the steps to purchase a new pair of shoes.,,"First, determine the style of shoes you desire. (E.g. sneakers, sandals, tuxedo shoes) Second, check your shoe size. Third, browse online or in a store and filter your choices according to your budget, style and availability. Try the shoes on before purchase if possible to ensure a good fit and comfort. Fourth, select your shoes and proceed to purchase. Fifth, purchase the shoes either online or in the store.",brainstorming define rainbow clours,,VIBGYOR Violet–Indigo–Blue–Green–Yellow–Orange–Red,classification "Give me a list of things to do in Washington, DC",,"Go see the White House, Washington Monument, Lincoln Memorial, and some of the other great landmarks. If that doesn't interest you, you can head anywhere on U-street for some great food.",brainstorming what is a scottish fold cat?,,"A scottish fold cat is a feline with a genetic mutation that causes its ears to fold down. Scottish fold cats are rare, but the breed is well-loved by many for their gentle demeanor and soft fur.",open_qa How should I clean a stainless steel pan?,,"The simplest way is to add soapy water to the pan and bring it to a boil. Scraping off the food bits with a wooden spatula becomes easy then. For tougher stains you should use a combination of baking soda and vinegar. Let the mixture sit in the pan for a while, rinse it out, and then follow the soapy water procedure.",open_qa Are fresh vegetable brought at a grocery store fresher than frozen vegetables?,,"It's quite common for a lot of people to assume that fresh vegetables are fresher than frozen vegetables. In fact, many wrongly assume that freezing destroys nutrients. Nothing could be farther from the truth. To survive transportation and storage, fresh vegetables are often harvested prematurely at sub-par nutrition levels. On the other hand, frozen vegetables are harvested close to peak maturity and nutrition levels. Unless you have your own kitchen garden or have access to a farmers market located close to where the vegetables are actually grown, frozen is a better bet - it's fresher, more convenient and rather crucially, more easily accessible for you to improve the health quotient of your meals. It's better to eat frozen peas all through the year than be puritanical about enjoying it only during winter. Eating healthily is as much a behavior science problem as it is a nutrition science problem, and it's easier to keep frozen peas around and eat it regularly than to try and remember what is currently in season and go out of the way to procure them fresh all the time. Long term convenience always trumps short term will power improvements.",open_qa Why was Antestor known as sorrow metal?,"Antestor (Norwegian: [ˈɑ̀ntəstuːɽ]) is a Norwegian Christian extreme metal band formed in 1990 in Jessheim. Credited for starting the northern European Christian black metal scene, Antestor is the only Christian band to have an album released by Cacophonous Records, which has also released records by bands such as Dimmu Borgir, Sigh, and Cradle of Filth. The band's only release on Cacophonous, The Return of the Black Death, proved influential for the Christian black metal movement, and has sold over 10,000 copies. In the late 1990s they dubbed their musical style as ""sorrow metal"" rather than black metal because the black metal movement was publicly affiliated with Satanism in Norway. According to HM magazine, the progressive elements on the debut album, Martyrium, were possibly ahead of their time in the Norwegian extreme metal scene. The group has gone through several line-up changes over the years, and currently Antestor consists of the founding guitarist Lars Stokstad (Vemod), vocalist Ronny Hansen (Vrede), bassist Erik Normann Aanonsen, guitarist Robert Bordevick, and drummer Henning Børven. The original vocalist Kjetil Molnes (Martyr) and drummer Svein Sander (Armoth) left the band around 2000, and the members of a fellow Norwegian black metal group, Vaakevandring, joined Antestor. The reputable Norwegian extreme metal drummer Jan Axel Blomberg (Hellhammer) played session drums for their 2005 album The Forsaken and Det tapte liv EP. A fourth studio album, Omen, was released in 2012.","Because black metal was associated with Satanism in Antestor's home country Norway, and they are a Christian extreme metal band.",closed_qa "Which one of these are unlike the others: Toyota Supra, Mitsubishi 3000GT, Mazda RX-7, Nissan 300ZX?",,"All of these are iconic 90s Japanese sports cars, but the RX-7 is unique in that it has a rotary engine, as opposed to the piston engines of the other cars.",classification Extract the 2021 Total Profit or Operating Income from the following text,"Type Public Traded as ASX: WBC NZX: WBC S&P/ASX 200 component Industry Banking Financial services Predecessor Bank of New South Wales Commercial Bank of Australia Founded 8 April 1817 (as the Bank of New South Wales) 4 May 1982 (as Westpac Banking Corporation) Headquarters Westpac Place Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Area served Worldwide Key people John McFarlane (Chairman) Peter King (CEO) Products Finance and insurance, consumer banking, corporate banking, investment banking, investment management, global wealth management, private equity, mortgages, credit cards Operating income Increase A$21.22 billion (2021) Net income Increase A$5.46 billion (2021) Total assets Increase A$935.88 billion (2021) Total equity Increase A$72.09 billion (2021) Number of employees 40,143 (2021) Subsidiaries St George Bank BankSA Bank of Melbourne Westpac New Zealand Website westpac.com.au westpac.co.nz",The 2021 Operating Income was A$21.22 billion,information_extraction "Given a reference text about ""Ghouli"" tell me what happens in the episode.","""Ghouli"" is the fifth episode of the eleventh season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files. The episode was written and directed by James Wong. The tagline for this episode is ""You see what I want you to see"". Though not originally billed as a mythology episode, ""Ghouli"" helps to explore the series' overarching mythology and serves as the second of three mythology episodes of the season following the season premiere. The show centers on FBI special agents who work on unsolved paranormal cases called X-Files; focusing on the investigations of Fox Mulder (David Duchovny), and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) after their reinstatement in the FBI. In this episode, A pair of teenage girls attack one another, each believing the other to be a monster, known as ""Ghouli."" Mulder and Scully find that their investigation leads back to their long-lost son, William.","In the episode ""Ghouli"", Fox Mulder and Dana Scully investigate a pair of teenage girls that attack one another believing the other is a monster.",closed_qa Tell me about the Battle of Rabb,"The Battle of Raab or Battle of Győr (Hungarian: győri csata) was fought on 14 June 1809 during the Napoleonic Wars, between Franco-Italian forces and Habsburg forces. The battle was fought near Győr (Raab), Kingdom of Hungary, and ended in a Franco-Italian victory. The victory prevented Archduke John of Austria from bringing any significant force to the Battle of Wagram, while Prince Eugène de Beauharnais's force was able to link up with Emperor Napoleon at Vienna in time to fight at Wagram. Napoleon referred to the battle as ""a granddaughter of Marengo and Friedland"", as it fell on the anniversary of those two battles",The Battle of Raab was a battle fought during the Napoleonic Wars. It was fought near Raab which is the Kingdom of Hungary.,summarization Who was the costliest player in Indian Premier League (IPL) auction of 2020?,,Pat Cummins (Australian Cricketer),open_qa Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name},"After becoming a major success by the early 1940s, the company diversified into live-action films, television, and theme parks in the 1950s. Following Walt Disney's death in 1966, the company's profits, especially in the animation division, began to decline. Once Disney's shareholders voted Michael Eisner as the head of the company in 1984, it became overwhelmingly successful during a period called the Disney Renaissance. In 2005, under new CEO Bob Iger, the company started to expand and acquire other corporations. Bob Chapek became the head of Disney in 2020 after Iger's retirement. Chapek was ousted in 2022 and Iger was reinstated as CEO.","• Walt Disney • Michael Eisner • Bob Iger • Bob Chapek",information_extraction Write a short story about a man who discovers a partially built treehouse.,,"A man purchased a piece of property and began to explore the land.  After some time had passed, the man discovered a partially built treehouse not too far from the ground that would be safe for his children to play in.  The man returned home to his workshop to gather wood and tools to complete the treehouse construction.  However, upon arrival at his workshop, he learned that he would need more wood to finish the treehouse.  Disappointed, he began to put his tools away when he heard a truck passing by with lumber for sale.  After purchasing the material, he returned to the treehouse with his tools and material and began to work.  Upon completion of the treehouse, he called for his children to surprise them and when they saw the treehouse they shouted for joy and immediately began to play in it and this made the man very happy.",creative_writing "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Rock gong, Yazheng",,"Yazheng is string, Rock gong is percussion.",classification How many years did Jesus live on earth?,,Jesus lived 33 years and a half before he was crucified.,open_qa Who ordered John the Baptists execution,,King Herod,open_qa "Extract the ways to spell ""Muscovy duck"" using the sample as a reference, and place them in a list.","The Muscovy duck has been domesticated for centuries, and is widely traded as ""Barbary duck"". Muscovy breeds are popular because they have stronger-tasting meat — sometimes compared to roasted beef — than that of the domestic duck. The meat is lean when compared to the fatty meat of mallard-derived ducks, its leanness and tenderness being often compared to veal. Muscovy ducks are also less noisy, and sometimes marketed as a ""quackless"" duck; even though they are not completely silent, they do not actually quack (except in cases of extreme stress). The carcass of a Muscovy duck is also much heavier than most other domestic ducks, which makes it ideal for the dinner table.","- Muscovy duck - Barbary duck - Quackless duck",information_extraction What are some common ways that adults break bones?,,"- Falling off of a ladder - Falling down the stairs - Playing recreational sports - Being in a car crash",brainstorming "Given this article about Operation Aurora, which companies were targeted in the attacks?","Operation Aurora was a series of cyber attacks conducted by advanced persistent threats such as the Elderwood Group based in Beijing, China, with ties to the People's Liberation Army. First publicly disclosed by Google on January 12, 2010, in a blog post, the attacks began in mid-2009 and continued through December 2009. The attack was aimed at dozens of other organizations, of which Adobe Systems, Akamai Technologies, Juniper Networks, and Rackspace have publicly confirmed that they were targeted. According to media reports, Yahoo, Symantec, Northrop Grumman, Morgan Stanley, and Dow Chemical were also among the targets. As a result of the attack, Google stated in its blog that it plans to operate a completely uncensored version of its search engine in China ""within the law, if at all,"" and acknowledged that if this is not possible, it may leave China and close its Chinese offices. Official Chinese sources claimed this was part of a strategy developed by the U.S. government. The attack was named ""Operation Aurora"" by Dmitri Alperovitch, Vice President of Threat Research at cybersecurity company McAfee. Research by McAfee Labs discovered that ""Aurora"" was part of the file path on the attacker's machine that was included in two of the malware binaries McAfee said were associated with the attack. ""We believe the name was the internal name the attacker(s) gave to this operation,"" McAfee Chief Technology Officer George Kurtz said in a blog post. According to McAfee, the primary goal of the attack was to gain access to and potentially modify source code repositories at these high-tech, security, and defense contractor companies. ""[The SCMs] were wide open,"" says Alperovitch. ""No one ever thought about securing them, yet these were the crown jewels of most of these companies in many ways—much more valuable than any financial or personally identifiable data that they may have and spend so much time and effort protecting."" History Flowers left outside Google China's headquarters after its announcement it might leave the country On January 12, 2010, Google revealed on its blog that it had been the victim of a cyber attack. The company said the attack occurred in mid-December and originated from China. Google stated that over 20 other companies had been attacked; other sources have since cited that more than 34 organizations were targeted. As a result of the attack, Google said it was reviewing its business in China. On the same day, United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton issued a brief statement condemning the attacks and requesting a response from China. On January 13, 2010, the news agency All Headline News reported that the United States Congress plans to investigate Google's allegations that the Chinese government used the company's service to spy on human rights activists. In Beijing, visitors left flowers outside of Google's office. However, these were later removed, with a Chinese security guard stating that this was an ""illegal flower tribute"". The Chinese government has yet to issue a formal response, although an anonymous official stated that China was seeking more information on Google's intentions. Attackers involved Further information: Cyberwarfare by China Technical evidence including IP addresses, domain names, malware signatures, and other factors, show Elderwood was behind the Operation Aurora attack. The ""Elderwood"" group was named by Symantec (after a source-code variable used by the attackers), and is referred to as the ""Beijing Group"" by Dell Secureworks. The group obtained some of Google's source code, as well as access to information about Chinese activists. Elderwood also targeted numerous other companies in the shipping, aeronautics, arms, energy, manufacturing, engineering, electronics, financial, and software sectors. The ""APT"" designation for the Chinese threat actors responsible for attacking Google is APT17. Elderwood specializes in attacking and infiltrating second-tier defense industry suppliers that make electronic or mechanical components for top defense companies. Those firms then become a cyber ""stepping stone"" to gain access to top-tier defense contractors. One attack procedure used by Elderwood is to infect legitimate websites frequented by employees of the target company – a so-called ""water hole"" attack, just as lions stake out a watering hole for their prey. Elderwood infects these less-secure sites with malware that downloads to a computer that clicks on the site. After that, the group searches inside the network to which the infected computer is connected, finding and then downloading executives' e-mails and critical documents on company plans, decisions, acquisitions, and product designs. Attack analysis In its blog posting, Google stated that some of its intellectual property had been stolen. It suggested that the attackers were interested in accessing Gmail accounts of Chinese dissidents. According to the Financial Times, two accounts used by Ai Weiwei had been attacked, their contents read and copied; his bank accounts were investigated by state security agents who claimed he was under investigation for ""unspecified suspected crimes"". However, the attackers were only able to view details on two accounts and those details were limited to things such as the subject line and the accounts' creation date. Security experts immediately noted the sophistication of the attack. Two days after the attack became public, McAfee reported that the attackers had exploited purported zero-day vulnerabilities (unfixed and previously unknown to the target system developers) in Internet Explorer and dubbed the attack ""Operation Aurora"". A week after the report by McAfee, Microsoft issued a fix for the issue, and admitted that they had known about the security hole used since September. Additional vulnerabilities were found in Perforce, the source code revision software used by Google to manage their source code. VeriSign's iDefense Labs claimed that the attacks were perpetrated by ""agents of the Chinese state or proxies thereof"". According to a diplomatic cable from the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, a Chinese source reported that the Chinese Politburo directed the intrusion into Google's computer systems. The cable suggested that the attack was part of a coordinated campaign executed by ""government operatives, public security experts and Internet outlaws recruited by the Chinese government."" The report suggested that it was part of an ongoing campaign in which attackers have ""broken into American government computers and those of Western allies, the Dalai Lama and American businesses since 2002."" According to The Guardian's reporting on the leak, the attacks were ""orchestrated by a senior member of the Politburo who typed his own name into the global version of the search engine and found articles criticising him personally."" Once a victim's system was compromised, a backdoor connection that masqueraded as an SSL connection made connections to command and control servers running in Illinois, Texas, and Taiwan, including machines that were running under stolen Rackspace customer accounts. The victim's machine then began exploring the protected corporate intranet that it was a part of, searching for other vulnerable systems as well as sources of intellectual property, specifically the contents of source code repositories. The attacks were thought to have definitively ended on Jan 4 when the command and control servers were taken down, although it is not known at this point whether or not the attackers intentionally shut them down. However, the attacks were still occurring as of February 2010. Response and aftermath The German, Australian, and French governments publicly issued warnings to users of Internet Explorer after the attack, advising them to use alternative browsers at least until a fix for the security hole was made. The German, Australian, and French governments considered all versions of Internet Explorer vulnerable or potentially vulnerable. In an advisory on January 14, 2010, Microsoft said that attackers targeting Google and other U.S. companies used software that exploits a hole in Internet Explorer. The vulnerability affects Internet Explorer versions 6, 7, and 8 on Windows 7, Vista, Windows XP, Server 2003, Server 2008 R2, as well as IE 6 Service Pack 1 on Windows 2000 Service Pack 4. The Internet Explorer exploit code used in the attack has been released into the public domain, and has been incorporated into the Metasploit Framework penetration testing tool. A copy of the exploit was uploaded to Wepawet, a service for detecting and analyzing web-based malware operated by the computer security group at the University of California, Santa Barbara. ""The public release of the exploit code increases the possibility of widespread attacks using the Internet Explorer vulnerability,"" said George Kurtz, CTO of McAfee, of the attack. ""The now public computer code may help cybercriminals craft attacks that use the vulnerability to compromise Windows systems."" Security company Websense said it identified ""limited public use"" of the unpatched IE vulnerability in drive-by attacks against users who strayed onto malicious Web sites. According to Websense, the attack code it spotted is the same as the exploit that went public last week.[clarification needed] ""Internet Explorer users currently face a real and present danger due to the public disclosure of the vulnerability and release of attack code, increasing the possibility of widespread attacks,"" said George Kurtz, chief technology officer of McAfee, in a blog update. Confirming this speculation, Websense Security Labs identified additional sites using the exploit on January 19. According to reports from Ahnlab, the second URL was spread through the Instant Messenger network Misslee Messenger, a popular IM client in South Korea. Researchers have created attack code that exploits the vulnerability in Internet Explorer 7 (IE7) and IE8—even when Microsoft's recommended defensive measure (Data Execution Prevention (DEP)) is turned on.[dubious – discuss] According to Dino Dai Zovi, a security vulnerability researcher, ""even the newest IE8 isn't safe from attack if it's running on Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) or earlier, or on Windows Vista RTM (release to manufacturing), the version Microsoft shipped in January 2007."" Microsoft admitted that the security hole used had been known to them since September. Work on an update was prioritized and on Thursday, January 21, 2010, Microsoft released a security patch aiming to counter this weakness, the published exploits based on it and a number of other privately reported vulnerabilities. They did not state if any of the latter had been used or published by exploiters or whether these had any particular relation to the Aurora operation, but the entire cumulative update was termed critical for most versions of Windows, including Windows 7. Security researchers continued to investigate the attacks. HBGary, a security firm, released a report in which they claimed to have found some significant markers that might help identify the code developer. The firm also said that the code was Chinese language based but could not be specifically tied to any government entity. On February 19, 2010, a security expert investigating the cyber-attack on Google, has claimed that the people behind the attack were also responsible for the cyber-attacks made on several Fortune 100 companies in the past one and a half years. They have also tracked the attack back to its point of origin, which seems to be two Chinese schools, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Lanxiang Vocational School. As highlighted by The New York Times, both of these schools have ties with the Chinese search engine Baidu, a rival of Google China. Both Lanxiang Vocational and Jiaotong University have denied the allegation. In March 2010, Symantec, which was helping investigate the attack for Google, identified Shaoxing as the source of 21.3% of all (12 billion) malicious emails sent throughout the world. Google retrospective On October 3, 2022, Google on YouTube released a six-episode series covering the events that occurred during Operation Aurora, with commentary from insiders who dealt with the attack, though the series primary focus was to reassure the Google-using public that measures are in place to counter hacking attempts.","Google, Adobe Systems, Akamai Technologies, Juniper Networks, Rackspace, Yahoo, Symantec, Northrop Grumman, Morgan Stanley, and Dow Chemical appear to have been targted in these attacks. Some pubically confirmed this while others were claimed to be targeted in media reports.",closed_qa Can animals like dog and cat get Kidney Stones ?,"Bladder stones or uroliths are a common occurrence in animals, especially in domestic animals such as dogs and cats. Occurrence in other species, including tortoises, has been reported as well. The stones form in the urinary bladder in varying size and numbers secondary to infection, dietary influences, and genetics. Stones can form in any part of the urinary tract in dogs and cats, but unlike in humans, stones of the kidney are less common and do not often cause significant disease, although they can contribute to pyelonephritis and chronic kidney disease. Types of stones include struvite, calcium oxalate, urate, cystine, calcium phosphate, and silicate. Struvite and calcium oxalate stones are by far the most common. Bladder stones are not the same as bladder crystals but if the crystals coalesce unchecked in the bladder they can become stones.","Yes animals like humans can get Kidney Stones. Bladder stones or uroliths are a common occurrence in animals, especially in domestic animals such as dogs and cats. Types of stones include struvite, cystine, calcium oxalate, urate, calcium phosphate, and silicate. Struvite and calcium oxalate stones are by far the most common.",closed_qa On which national flag is there an eagle and a snake,,Mexico,open_qa How many cents is a nickel worth?,,A nickel is worth 5 cents.,open_qa Name four pork products I could expect to find in a delicatessen,,"Pork is a versatile meat. You can expect to find Bacon, Proscuitto, Salami and Pork Belly in a delicatessen near you.",brainstorming What is better a mac or a PC?,,"It depends on user preferences. Generally, a Mac is considered easier than a PC, but a Mac is typically more expensive.",brainstorming What are some of the best vegan protein sources,,"Here are some of the most high protein vegan protein sources * Tofu * Tempeh * Seitan * Edamame Beans * Garbanzo Beans",brainstorming Name some of the movies where Johnson acted in and the years in which the movies were released.,"Johnson entered Hollywood and the film industry, becoming a star initially through his wrestling popularity and noted work ethic. Over his acting career, he became one of the highest paid and most successful actors in Hollywood. He began his acting career on television while wrestling. In his first television acting job, in 1999, he played his own father in an episode of That '70s Show called ""That Wrestling Show"". Nearly a year later, he appeared in the Star Trek: Voyager episode ""Tsunkatse"" as an alien wrestler who fought popular character Seven of Nine. While Johnson was away from WWE, the company continued to sell ""The Rock"" merchandise, and he continued to be featured prominently in the opening montages of their television shows. Johnson began his theatrical career in The Mummy Returns (2001), The Scorpion King (2002), The Rundown (2003), and Walking Tall (2004). He played a supporting role in Be Cool (2005) - most notable for the meta element of playing a bodyguard that wants to become an actor - and was the primary antagonist in Doom (2005). He also had roles in Gridiron Gang (2006), Reno 911!: Miami (2007), and Southland Tales (2006). He played a cocky famous American football player in The Game Plan (2007) and Agent 23 in Get Smart (2008). He presented the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects at the 80th Academy Awards.","The Mummy Returns (2001), The Scorpion King (2002), The Rundown (2003), Walking Tall (2004), Be Cool (2005), Doom (2005), Gridiron Gang (2006), Reno 911!: Miami (2007), Southland Tales (2006), The Game Plan (2007) and Get Smart (2008).",information_extraction "Which of these items are not allowed in a carry on baggage in a flight? Medicines, Swiss Knife, Mirror, Wine bottle, Toy Gun, Scissors, herbs, dogs.",,"Any weapon (or which can be used as a weapon) are not allowed on a carry on baggage. Swiss Knife, Toy Gun, Scissors or any sharp item is not allowed. Dogs (pets) along with their container should not weigh more than 5 kg, to be allowed as a carry on luggage.",classification "When you are going kayaking in california in the summer, which of these clothes would be appropriate to wear: a lifejacket, a swimsuit, a wetsuit, sweatpants, a knit hat, a ball-cap",,"A lifejacket would be appropriate, and so would a swimsuit or a ball-cap, but a wetsuit, sweatpants, or a knit hat would not be appropriate",classification Best workout in the world.,,"Walk,. Just walk as much as you can",brainstorming Write a diary entry about a mother discovering the greatness she sees growing in her middle-school aged daughter. Contrast the kindness of the daughter against the difficulties the mother is experiencing at work that day. Infuse the story with love and admiration.,,"So today I went to Maddie’s class to be the lunch monitor. She’s in 9th grade, but attends a pretty small school, so everyone was milling about in a small area…playing cards or MahJong, eating baked goods they got from a sale down the hall, and generally, being teenagers. I don’t frequent her school often, but Mads seemed pretty happy, and in her element. It was lovely to witness. I, on the other hand, was having a Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day at work, and when I arrived, I was checking my phone for updates and trying to fight a battle for my new team that I was told was Very Much Not Worth Fighting. Of course, this was unheeded advice, as—if there’s a hill that’s worth dying on—I will go prostrate myself upon the top of it as effectively as possible. And so I was fighting an Unwinnable War, and my daughter was overseeing a team of boys scarfing down brownies and picking at their healthy lunches and laughing whilst stacking their Chinese tiles…and I was so crestfallen about the outcome of my silent, onscreen, remote work battle that I didn’t even notice the tears welling up in my eyes, or the fact that I was sitting in the middle of a room filled with teenagers. I suppose the only good thing about crying in a room full of teenagers at lunch is that you’re very rarely the ONLY one crying…so there’s that. So there I sat, in fine company, shoulders mildly hunched and trying my damnedest not to wipe my now-soggy nose on my sleeve. And of course maintaining a smile any time Maddie looked over at me, because Lord knows I was there only to make sure no one flipped over a table (but honestly, not there for much else, as these kids were self-sufficient and rather shockingly well-behaved from what I remembered from 9th grade) and the last thing I wanted was to embarrass my daughter at her school lunch hour. But Maddie was standing there next to the little sofa chair I was on, and she said, “Mom, scoot over.” And I scooted. And she sat. She didn’t ask me what was wrong; she already had heard my rumblings before she left for school this morning about the particular work woe I was dealing with today. Rather, she leaned over and gave me a big hug, right there in front of anyone paying attention—which seemed to be everyone—and assuaged me with soothing “it will all be fine”s and “didn’t I expect these kind of things from my work by now anyway?”s. And then she got up and went back to her perch at the game table, as nonchalantly as if she had just gotten a drink at the water fountain, and I was left thinking that my teenage daughter had just hugged me in public, in the high school lunch room, in front of two dozen other teenagers I had never met, and she didn’t even flinch. Three hours later, the issue at work actually ended up coming up roses; turns out that dying on that Hill was able to save the initiative after all. I was really, really happy about that. But the best part of the day was the undeniable recognition that Maddie is Fearless, and Kind, and Confident, and willing to step across lines and do the hard things. She is going to be a Force of Nature. Indeed, she already is.",creative_writing Compare middle eastern music and western music,,"If you have only listened to Western music, the first time you hear o a middle eastern melody it may sound very different and odd. Melodies in middle eastern music are generally long, lack harmony, and have unfamiliar pitches. Middle Eastern music typically sounds monophonic, meaning it's solely based on one or more instruments that play a single melody with a different variation. Western music typically sounds polyphonic, meaning more than one layer of melody is being played simultaneously. Western music has twelve notes per octave including seven whole notes and five half-notes. However middle eastern music is based on different scale systems. It has quarter notes in addition and various regions have a different number of notes in their octave system. Western music has harmony (ie. chords) while middle eastern music does not. In middle eastern music, there is only one melodic line with rise and fall. So the purity of the melodic line and the complexity of the rhythm is what make two different songs apart. In contrast, western music has a structure with a beginning, middle, and end.",open_qa What caused the great depression?,,"The Great Depression, flawed government policies, bank failures and the collapse of the money supply were all contributing factors to the depression.",open_qa What is the triple crown of baseball?,,"The triple crown is a rare feat accomplished in baseball when an individual player finishes the season with the American or National league lead in Home Runs, RBIs (runs batted in) and Batting Average. There have been 14 triple crown winners all time in baseball.",open_qa "Classify each of the following as either a wine varietal or style of beer: Lager, Ale, India pale ale, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir",,"Lager is a style of beer which is brewed and conditioned at low temperature. Ale is a style of beer which is known for being full-bodied and somewhat bitter, with strong flavors and aromas of hops. India pale ale is a hoppy beer typically known for having a higher alcohol by volume (ABV). Sauvignon Blanc is a white wine varietal that originates from the city of Bordeaux in France. Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most recognized red wine grape varieties. Pinot Noir is a red wine grape variety derived from the French words for pine and black.",classification How often are the Olympics held?,,The Olympics occur every 4 years.,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Pahu, Morin khuur",,"Morin khuur is string, Pahu is percussion.",classification "Tell me which of these terms are related to artificial intelligence versus gardening: tilling, seed, gradient descent, production, Bayesian optimization, genetically modified organism, heirloom, transfer learning",,"These terms are all unmistakably related to artificial intelligence: - Gradient descent: a technique used when training a machine learning model to improve results over time. - Bayesian optimization: a probabilistic approach to arrive at the best set of parameters, most often used in training machine learning models. - Transfer learning: a technique to re-train an already trained deep learning model on new data, most commonly used to customize models to a particular use-case, such as detecting a specific object in photos. While these terms are all unmistakably related to gardening: - Tilling: mechanical preparation of soil for planting. - Genetically modified organism: this is a term to describe plants that have undergone genetic modification to optimize for specific traits, such as drought resistance. - Heirloom: this describe certain non-hybrid plant types that must be open pollinated, namely by insects, birds, wind, or other natural factors. These terms relate to both artificial intelligence and gardening: - Seed: in artificial intelligence, a ""seed"" is a number chosen to help reproduce random outcomes, such as picking random numbers. In gardening, a seed is the raw input that a gardener plants that will eventually become a plant. - Production: in artificial intelligence, production is often the term used to describe a lifecycle stage of a model that is in real-life use, rather than testing or development. In gardening, production is another term used to describe the total output of a harvest.",classification What date was the Men's Madison Competition at the 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships?,,The Men's madison competition at the 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was held on 4 March 2018.,open_qa Write a recipe for making garlic mashed potatoes which goes through step by step.,,"1) Wash and peel the potatoes 2) Chop the potatoes into inch size pieces 3) Fill a pot with enough water to cover the potatoes 4) Bring the water to boil 5) Boil until potatoes are soft and fall apart when pressed with a fork 6) Drain potatoes 7) Add cream, butter and crushed garlic to the potatoes 8) Mash the potatoes until creamy, adding cream to reach desired textured",creative_writing Why is a higher interest rate on my home worse?,,"Getting a higher interest rate on a home loan increases the payments on your loan. Over time, a higher interest rate can greatly increase the amount that you pay to your lender. However, a silver lining might be the lower home prices that often accompany higher interest rates. It’s possible that refinancing after interest rates drop might provide an opportunity to pay less on your loan down the road.",open_qa What is the formal definition of a large language model?,"Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design. Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to ""memorize"" a great quantity of facts during training.","The term large language model (LLM) does not have a formal definition. However, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more.",closed_qa Give me a list of some of the famous stock market indices.,,"1. MSCI World: It comprises enterprises in developed countries based on market cap. 2. FTSE All World: It comprise of enterprises in both developed and developing economies with larger focus over large cap companies. 3. S&P 500: It is one of the most famous index comprise 500 big enterprises from United States 4. EURO STOXX 50: Top 50 enterprises present in Euro Zone.",brainstorming What are some different ways I can use many fresh lemons?,,"If you have multiple lemons and want to use them before they go bad, consider the following uses: 1) Lemon cleaning spray. Mix 1 parts water, 1 parts white vinegar, and the juice of one lemon into a spray bottle. A great non-toxic cleaner for around the house! 2) Limoncello. Add 1 cup simple syrup to 4 cups vodka and pour over the peels from 12 lemons. Leave in a sealed glass container for 30 days. Serve over ice and enjoy. (Drink responsibly!) 3) Lemon flavored olive oil. Slice 4 lemons and put in 4 cups of extra-virgin olive oil. Leave in a sealed container for 30 days. Enjoy in salads and soups! 4) Lemon bars. There are many ways to make these using all parts of a lemon. Check online for a recipe to make these deliciously tart bars. 5) Lemon-aid. Mix 1 parts fresh squeezed lemon juice to 6 parts water. Sweeten to taste. Serve over ice 6) Lemon Centerpiece. Brighten up the room by arranging lemons in a decorative bowl. Place on the table or counter to add a pop of color. 7) Lemon Detox water. Start your morning with 16oz of warm water, the juice of one lemon, and a pinch of cayenne.",brainstorming How does interest rates and inflation impact bond prices?,,"Interest rates have an inverse effect on bond prices. Typically as the interest rate go up, the existing bonds that were sold previously at a certain maturity and coupon, now stands devalued as investors can get a newer bond for higher interest payments. Similarly during inflation as Fed tries to control inflation by raising interest rates it has the inverse effect on bond prices. It is important to note that not all bonds react the same way to interest rates. For example, short term interest rate bonds may feel the impact almost immediately while long term bonds may have a gradual but likely to see more impactful price change. It is important to note that there are Treasury Inflation protected securities, a type of a bond that adjust principal value of the bond based on inflation.",open_qa "Classify each of the following as names of Pokemon or pop music groups: ABBA, Moltres, Pikachu, Eagles, *NSYNC, TLC, Vaporeon, Snorlax, i5, Dream, Blondie, Charizard, Charmander, Fleetwood Mac",,"Pokemon: Moltres, Pikachu, Vaporeon, Snorlax, Charizard, Charmander Pop music groups: ABBA, Eagles, TLC, i5, Dream, Blondie, Fleetwood Mac",classification What are some of the best ways to generate passive income?,,"1) Rental Property Income 2) Crypto staking 3) Peer-to-Peer lending 4) Dividend Income 5) Create a digital course or product 6) Write an e-book and sell on Amazon 7) Affiliate Marketing 8) Invest in a REIT",brainstorming "Given this mechanism that the Tesla Model Y car uses to heat the interior cabin, what are some pros and cons of this design?","The Model Y is Tesla's first car to use a heat pump instead of electric resistance for interior cabin heating. Some electric vehicles from other manufacturers, including the Nissan Leaf, Renault Zoe, BMW i3 EV, Jaguar I-Pace, Audi e-tron, and Kia Niro, had already implemented heat pumps. In cold weather, the Model Y heat pump can be up to 300% more efficient than other Tesla cars' use of electric resistance heating. Because of this, the Model Y should be more energy efficient than other Tesla cars in cold weather. Electric cars can lose 40% or more of their range in cold weather (at ambient temperatures below 20 °F (−7 °C)) when heating the interior cabin.","The heat pump in the Tesla Model Y runs the same heating operations as other cars but much more efficiently, significantly increasing driving range for the same battery size. Most other cars use electric resistance heating which consumes much more energy to perform the same job.",closed_qa Does a difference in prediction outcomes between two ethnic/gender groups from a credit scoring algorithm constitute a bias in the data collection process or the algorithm itself?,,"I argue that differences in outcomes of credit scoring constitute both a data issue and an algorithmic bias. Let’s first examine the bias in the dataset. I think of the model itself as a black box that generates outputs to fulfill certain objectives – in the case of credit scoring, the objective is the accuracy, recall, and precision of default risk predictions. The model at its untrained version does not discriminate against foreign workers, women, or young people: in fact, it does not conceive of these (socially constructed) labels the way humans do. Yet, the dataset that the model is trained on is fraught with socially constructed biases. For example, social norms cast women as incapable, foreign workers as untrustworthy, and young people as inexperienced, leading to higher unemployment rate and worse living conditions for these groups. Their resulting higher historical default likelihood stems less likely from the demographics-related differences in capability than from the vicious cycles generated by social stereotypes. Stereotypes render datasets biased, which in turns bias the algorithms: given the goal to maximize prediction accuracy, the model learns the “patterns” in the dataset and absorbs the socially constructed differences as a part of its prediction algorithm. Can we blame the algorithm? – After all, the model is constrained to the “history” and has no imaginative capacity for the potential of the historically discriminated groups. Essentially we have a “garbage in, garbage out” scenario caused by the historical and representation biases in the data inputs. On the other hand, I argue that the outcome differences still constitute an algorithmic bias. I believe that we could still “blame” the model for the objectives and constraints that it has to fulfill (even though we humans lay them down in the first place). As illustrated above, with accuracy as the evaluation metric, the entire prediction/forecast algorithm built on historical datasets is meant to repeat the history without looking for potential or discerning social norms. Does the objective of maximizing accuracy constitute a bias itself? – If we can discern the vicious cycle that is both created by and reifying the socially crafted myths (weak women, reckless youth, and xenophobia), a model that actively learns and propagates certain kinds of societal stereotype should certainly be called out for its bias! However, we hard-wire the models to optimize those goals, and to address the inherent bias in the metrics, we humans are responsible for modifying the objectives and adding appropriate constraints. For example, in the programming assignment we encounter the mitigation technique that rejects predictions within a certain decision boundary. Besides techniques like active rejection, can we add constraints such as promoting the growth of underprivileged groups as an objective? Without these constraints, I would say the outcome differences also constitute an algorithmic bias in the part of objective specification.",creative_writing "Based on this paragraph about San Diego, what is the largest city in the state of california?","San Diego (Spanish for 'Saint Didacus'; /ˌsæn diˈeɪɡoʊ/ SAN dee-AY-goh, Spanish: [san ˈdjeɣo]) is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast of Southern California located immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a 2020 population of 1,386,932, it is the eighth most populous city in the United States and the seat of San Diego County, the fifth most populous county in the United States, with 3,286,069 estimated residents as of 2021. The city is known for its mild year-round Mediterranean climate, natural deep-water harbor, extensive beaches and parks, long association with the United States Navy, and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology development center. San Diego is the second largest city in the state of California after Los Angeles.",Los Angeles,closed_qa What was the cause of MH370 flight's disappearance?,,"There are many conspiracy theories surrounding the disposition of the flight, ranging from a military downing, aircraft hijacking, terrorist attack, to a pilot suicide over his deteriorating personal life, but all of these suggestions have not been proven substantially. We will really never know, and will just have to leave this an unsolved mystery.",open_qa What is the difference between iOS and MacOS?,,MacOS and iOS are both operating systems created by Apple. The MacOS focuses on desktop computing using a mouse and keyboard as primary input devices. iOS is a mobile operating system used on iPhones and iPads primarily using a touchscreen interface.,open_qa "Provide a short, bulleted summary of what historians consider the cause of the War of 1812","Since the conclusion of the War of 1812, historians have long debated the relative weight of the multiple reasons underlying its origins. During the nineteenth century, historians generally concluded that war was declared largely over national honour, neutral maritime rights and the British seizure of neutral ships and their cargoes on the high seas. This theme was the basis of President James Madison's war message to Congress on June 1, 1812. At the turn of the 20th century, much of the contemporary scholarship re-evaluated this explanation and began to focus more on non-maritime factors as significant contributing causes as well. However, historian Warren H. Goodman warns that too much focus on these ideas can be equally misleading. In disagreeing with those interpretations that have simply stressed expansionism and minimized maritime causation, historians have ignored deep-seated American fears for national security, dreams of a continent completely controlled by the republican United States, and the evidence that many Americans believed that the War of 1812 would be the occasion for the United States to achieve the long-desired annexation of Canada. [...] Thomas Jefferson well summarized American majority opinion about the war [...] to say ""that the cession of Canada [...] must be a sine qua non at a treaty of peace."" - Horsman Historian Richard Maass argues that the expansionist theme is a myth that goes against the ""relative consensus among experts that the primary American objective was the repeal of British maritime restrictions"". He says that scholars agree that the United States went to war ""because six years of economic sanctions had failed to bring Britain to the negotiating table, and threatening the Royal Navy's Canadian supply base was their last hope"". Maass agrees that expansionism might have tempted Americans on a theoretical level, but he finds that ""leaders feared the domestic political consequences of doing so"", particularly because such expansion ""focused on sparsely populated western lands rather than the more populous eastern settlements"". To what extent that American leaders considered the question of pursuing territory in Canada, those questions ""arose as a result of the war rather than as a driving cause."" However, Maass accepts that many historians continue to believe that expansionism was a cause. Reginald Horsman sees expansionism as a secondary cause after maritime issues, noting that many historians have mistakenly rejected expansionism as a cause for the war. He notes that it was considered key to maintaining sectional balance between free and slave states thrown off by American settlement of the Louisiana Territory and widely supported by dozens of War Hawk congressmen such as Henry Clay, Felix Grundy, John Adams Harper and Richard Mentor Johnson, who voted for war with expansion as a key aim. However, Horsman states that in his view ""the desire for Canada did not cause the War of 1812"" and that ""The United States did not declare war because it wanted to obtain Canada, but the acquisition of Canada was viewed as a major collateral benefit of the conflict"". However, other historians believe that a desire to permanently annex Canada was a direct cause of the war.[full citation needed] Carl Benn notes that the War Hawks' desire to annex the Canadas was similar to the enthusiasm for the annexation of Spanish Florida by inhabitants of the American South as both expected war to facilitate expansion into long-desired lands and end support for hostile tribes (Tecumseh's Confederacy in the North and the Creek in the South). Alan Taylor says that many Democratic-Republican congressmen such as John Adams Harper, Richard Mentor Johnson and Peter Buell Porter ""longed to oust the British from the continent and to annex Canada"". A few Southerners opposed this, fearing an imbalance of free and slave states if Canada was annexed. Anti-Catholicism also caused many to oppose annexing the mainly Catholic Lower Canada, believing its French-speaking inhabitants unfit ""for republican citizenship"". Even major figures such as Henry Clay and James Monroe expected to keep at least Upper Canada in an easy conquest. Notable American generals such as William Hull issued proclamations to Canadians during the war promising republican liberation through incorporation into the United States. General Alexander Smyth similarly declared to his troops when they invaded Canada that ""you will enter a country that is to become one of the United States. You will arrive among a people who are to become your fellow-citizens"". However, a lack of clarity about American intentions undercut these appeals. David and Jeanne Heidler argue that ""most historians agree that the War of 1812 was not caused by expansionism but instead reflected a real concern of American patriots to defend United States' neutral rights from the overbearing tyranny of the British Navy. That is not to say that expansionist aims would not potentially result from the war"". However, they also argue otherwise, saying that ""acquiring Canada would satisfy America's expansionist desires"", also describing it as a key goal of western expansionists who, they argue, believed that ""eliminating the British presence in Canada would best accomplish"" their goal of halting British support for tribal raids. They argue that the ""enduring debate"" is over the relative importance of expansionism as a factor, and whether ""expansionism played a greater role in causing the War of 1812 than American concern about protecting neutral maritime rights"". In the 1960s, the work of Norman K. Risjord, Reginald Horsman, Bradford Perkins and Roger Brown established a new eastern maritime consensus. While these authors approached the origins of the war from many perspectives, they all conceded that British maritime policy was the principal cause of the war.","Different historians believe the war of 1812 was caused by: 1. National honor, neutral maritime rights, and naval ship seizures 2. Desire by the United States to permanently annex Canada 3. British maritime policy and its perceived threat on the United States",summarization Give me a list of 6 brands I should consider when buying new skis.,,"1. K2 2. Black Crows 3. Rossignol 4. Nordica 5. Blizzard 6. Salomon",brainstorming What sport is Ruud Gullit known for,,"Ruud Gullit is best known for his career in professional football, most notably for his time with Dutch club Ajax.",open_qa "Who founded the city of Price, Quebec?","It was the arrival of the Price Brothers and Company (of William Evan Price) that the village of Price was founded at the end of the 19th century. It was a suburb of Saint-Octave-de-Métis, which constituted a community of workers, who were employed at the saw mill.",The Price Brothers and Company,closed_qa "What are five totally distinct, creative ways to describe the usefulness of empty time?",,"1. ""Empty time is like an open window, allowing the possibilities of the future to unfold."" 2. ""Empty time is like a blank canvas, ready to be filled with new ideas and opportunities."" 3. ""Empty time is like a fresh start, allowing us to make the most of the present moment."" 4. ""Empty time is like a blank page, waiting to be written upon."" 5. ""Empty time is like a vacuum, opening up a space for new ideas to come in.""",brainstorming Provide bulleted list of the years mentioned and what happened in that year in the format {Year}--{What happened},"There have been minor changes to the uniform design throughout the years, such as changing the silver stripe patterns on the jersey sleeves, and changing the colors of the jersey numbers. ""TV numbers"", which are auxiliary uniform numbers to help TV broadcasters identify players from the line of scrimmage, were added to the jersey sleeves in 1956. White trim was added to the logo in 1970, with outlines (white on the blue jersey, silver on the white jersey) added to the numbers in 1972; the color arrangement on the numbers on the blue jerseys was reversed in 1982. The silver facemasks became blue in 1984. In 1998, the team wore blue pants with their white jerseys along with grey socks but dropped that combination after the season. In 1999, the ""TV numbers"" on the sleeves were moved to the shoulders.","* 1956--""TV numbers"", auxiliary uniform numbers to help TV broadcasters identify players from the line of scrimmage, were added to the jersey sleeves * 1970--White trim was added to the logo * 1972--Outlines (white on the blue jersey, silver on the white jersey) were added to the numbers * 1982--The color arrangement of the numbers on the blue jerseys was reversed * 1984--The silver facemasks were changed to blue * 1998--The team wore blue pants with their white jerseys along with grey socks but dropped that combination after the season * 1999--The ""TV numbers"" on the sleeves were moved to the shoulders",information_extraction "From the passage below, please extract the names of the general partners from a16z.","Between 2006 and 2010, Marc Andreessen and Ben Horowitz actively invested in technology companies. Separately, and together, they invested $4 million in 45 start-ups including Twitter. During this time, the two became known as ""super angel"" investors. On July 6, 2009, Andreessen and Horowitz launched their venture capital fund with an initial capitalization of $300 million. In November 2010, at a time when the field of venture capitalism was contracting, the company raised another $650 million for a second venture fund. In less than two years, the firm was managing a total of $1.2 billion under the two funds. In May 2011, Andreessen ranked number 10 on the 2011 Forbes Midas List of Tech's Top Investors while he and Horowitz ranked number 6 on Vanity Fair's 2011 New Establishment List and number 1 on CNET's 2011 most influential investors list. As of March 27, 2014, the firm managed $4 billion in assets after the closing of its fourth fund at $1.5 billion. In addition to Andreessen and Horowitz, the firm's general partners include John O'Farrell, Scott Weiss, Jeff Jordan, Peter Levine, Chris Dixon, Vijay Pande, Martin Casado and Sriram Krishnan. In March 2019, it was reported that Andreessen Horowitz was opening an office in San Francisco. In January 2022, Andreessen Horowitz raised $9 billion for its venture capital, growth-stage and biotech-focused vehicles. As of April 2022, the firm manages $28.2 billion in assets.","In addition to the founders, Marc Andreessen and Ben Horowitz, a16z general partners include John O'Farrell, Scott Weiss, Jeff Jordan, Peter Levine, Chris Dixon, Vijay Pande, Martin Casado and Sriram Krishnan.",information_extraction Can you suggest 5 ways to use a Katana other than a weapon ?,,"1. The Katana in its' sheath can be used as a walking stick 2. Used to removed overgrown foliage. 3. Can presented as a gift 4. Decorative purposes for your office, house or vehicle 5. Fancy dress events",brainstorming What is the largest city in Ecuador by population?,,"Guayaquil, officially Santiago de Guayaquil, is the largest city in Ecuador by population and the nation's economic capital and main port. The city is the capital of Guayas Province and the seat of Guayaquil Canton. The city is located on the west bank of the Guayas River, which flows into the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Guayaquil.",open_qa "As a Manager, how can I use Clifford's Strengthsfinder?",,"Strengthsfinder is a tool that has been used by 30 million people worldwide.  It's an assessment that measures one's strengths across 34 potential strengths. There is no strength better than the other. It's more a matter how much you actually leverage the strength that you have.  As a manager, here is how you can use it:  - Use it in 1:1s with your team members: For career development, or provide stretch assignments to focus on 1-2 strengths - Develop a team aggregate: Where are we strong as a team? What strengths are missing? Who is strong in a particular area and can be the expert?  - Use it for team building: During a team meeting have team members present their top 5 strengths. People will get to know each other under a different light.  - Integrate new team members  - Develop new managers: How can they use their strengths? How can the strengths hold them back?",brainstorming When was the newest country created?,,South Sudan became a country in July 2011.,open_qa What is the best selling book in history?,,The Bible,open_qa What are your favourite films?,,"Le Bossu is a French language film starring Daniel Auteuil is an excellent film that I've watched many times. I also enjoy the same actor's great film, Jean de Florette and its sequel Manon des Sources, which are, combined, an incredible tale of betrayal, love, and revenge. If I had to choose a director, I would recommend any film by Christopher Nolan, including Memento, Inception, and Tenet, all of which can only be fully understood through multiple viewings. My final suggestion though is entirely different, Dirty Rotten Scoundrels, starring Michael Caine and Steve Martin, is very funny and can be watched many times, even though no one would describe it as a work of high art.",brainstorming Give me a list of things I should bring when taking a baby to the park.,,"Here are some things you should bring when taking a baby to the park: - Diaper Bag - Toys - Stroller - Extra Diapers and Clothes - Carrying Pack - First Aid Kit - Water - Snacks - Milk",brainstorming What is Thomas Anderson's hacker name?,,"Thomas Anderson, in The Matrix, called himself ""Neo.""",open_qa What are the northern lights?,,The northern lights are a common term referring to the aurora borealis. The aurora borealis is a natural phenomenon seen in the northern hemisphere near the arctic circle. Auroras are caused by disturbances in the magnetosphere caused by solar winds which result in emissions of light of varying colours and complexities.,open_qa What are some important points about the Battle of the Bulge?,"The Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Ardennes Offensive, was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II. The battle lasted for five weeks from 16 December 1944 to 28 January 1945, towards the end of the war in Europe. It was launched through the densely forested Ardennes region between Belgium and Luxembourg. It overlapped with the Alsace Offensive, subsequently the Colmar Pocket, another series of battles launched by the Germans in support of the Ardennes thrust. The primary military objectives were to deny further use of the Belgian Port of Antwerp to the Allies and to split the Allied lines, which potentially could have allowed the Germans to encircle and destroy the four Allied forces. The Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler, who since December 1941 had assumed direct command of the German army, believed that achieving these objectives would compel the Western Allies to accept a peace treaty in the Axis powers' favor. By this time, it was palpable to virtually the entire German leadership including Hitler himself that they had no realistic hope of repelling the imminent Soviet invasion of Germany unless the Wehrmacht was able to concentrate the entirety of its remaining forces on the Eastern Front, which in turn obviously required that hostilities on the Western and Italian Fronts be terminated. The Battle of the Bulge remains among the most important battles of the war, as it marked the last major offensive attempted by the Axis Powers on the Western front. After their defeat, Germany would retreat for the remainder of the war. The Germans achieved a total surprise attack on the morning of 16 December 1944, due to a combination of Allied overconfidence, preoccupation with Allied offensive plans, and poor aerial reconnaissance due to bad weather. American forces bore the brunt of the attack. The Germans attacked a weakly defended section of the Allied line, taking advantage of heavily overcast weather conditions that grounded the Allies' superior air forces. Fierce American resistance on the northern shoulder of the offensive, around Elsenborn Ridge, and in the south, around Bastogne, blocked German access to key roads to the northwest and west that they counted on for success. Columns of armor and infantry that were supposed to advance along parallel routes found themselves on the same roads. This congestion, and terrain that favored the defenders, threw the German advance behind schedule and allowed the Allies to reinforce the thinly placed troops. The farthest west the offensive reached was the village of Foy-Nôtre-Dame, south east of Dinant, being stopped by the U.S. 2nd Armored Division on 24 December 1944. Improved weather conditions from around 24 December permitted air attacks on German forces and supply lines, which sealed the failure of the offensive. On 26 December the lead element of Patton's U.S. Third Army reached Bastogne from the south, ending the siege. Although the offensive was effectively broken by 27 December, when the trapped units of 2nd Panzer Division made two break-out attempts with only partial success, the battle continued for another month before the front line was effectively restored to its position prior to the attack. In the wake of the defeat, many experienced German units were out of men and equipment, and the survivors retreated to the Siegfried Line. The Germans' initial attack involved around 410,000 men; just over 1,400 tanks, tank destroyers, and assault guns; 2,600 artillery pieces; and over 1,000 combat aircraft, as well as large numbers of other armored fighting vehicles (AFVs). These were reinforced a couple of weeks later, bringing the offensive's total strength to around 450,000 troops, and 1,500 tanks and assault guns. Between 63,222 and 103,900 of these men were killed, missing, wounded in action, or captured. The battle severely depleted Germany's armored forces, which remained largely unreplaced throughout the remainder of the war. German Luftwaffe personnel, and later also Luftwaffe aircraft (in the concluding stages of the engagement) also sustained heavy losses. From among the Americans' peak strength of 610,000 troops there were 75,500 battle casualties, including about 8,400 killed. The ""Bulge"" was the largest and bloodiest single battle fought by the United States in World War II and the third-deadliest campaign in American history.","• The Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Ardennes Offensive, was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II. • The battle lasted for five weeks from 16 December 1944 to 28 January 1945, towards the end of the war in Europe. • The primary military objectives were to deny further use of the Belgian Port of Antwerp to the Allies and to split the Allied lines, which potentially could have allowed the Germans to encircle and destroy the four Allied forces. • The Germans achieved a total surprise attack on the morning of 16 December 1944, due to a combination of Allied overconfidence, preoccupation with Allied offensive plans, and poor aerial reconnaissance due to bad weather. • The farthest west the offensive reached was the village of Foy-Nôtre-Dame, south east of Dinant, being stopped by the U.S. 2nd Armored Division on 24 December 1944. • On 26 December the lead element of Patton's U.S. Third Army reached Bastogne from the south, ending the siege. • The battle severely depleted Germany's armored forces, which remained largely unreplaced throughout the remainder of the war. • The ""Bulge"" was the largest and bloodiest single battle fought by the United States in World War II and the third-deadliest campaign in American history.",summarization What are some movies that star Will Ferrell?,,"Some of the most popular movies starring Will Ferrell include Old School, Stepbrothers, Elf, Anchorman, Stranger than Fiction, Blades of Glory, Zoolander, and Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby.",open_qa "Which of these are both movies and books: Harry Potter, Lord of the Rings, Brave World, The Shawshank Redemption.",,Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings were adapted to movies from books.,classification Why was America called the New World?,"The term New World is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas. The term gained prominence in the early 16th century, during Europe's Age of Discovery, shortly after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci concluded that America (now often called the Americas) represented a new continent, and subsequently published his findings in a pamphlet he titled Latin: Mundus Novus. This realization expanded the geographical horizon of classical European geographers, who had thought the world consisted of Africa, Europe, and Asia, collectively now referred to as the Old World, or Afro-Eurasia. The Americas were thus also referred to as ""the fourth part of the world"".","In the past, the major civilizations were unaware of the existence of America. Since their world view consisted of Europe, Africa and Asia, the finding of an entire continent of the Americas was a major geographical perspective to the people of the era. They referred to America as the New World.",summarization Give me 5 facts about Singapore,,"* Singapore is a very tiny country that is only 733 km squared. * In 2022 the estimated population of Singapore was approximately 5,637,000 * The current president (As of April 2023) of Singapore is Halimah Yacob * The number one religion in Singapore is Buddhism at approx. 31.1% * The national language of Singapore is Malay",brainstorming who created the first Teddy bear?,,"Teddy bears’ history dates back to a bear-hunting trip in 1902 when President Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt refused to kill a bear. The event made it to headlines of newspapers all over the US. Among them, the most famous one is from Clifford Berryman, he created a cartoon of the story and published it in the Washington Post on 11/16/1902. Morris Michtom then created a stuffed toy bear to pay respect to it. Morris and his wife owned a candy shop in Brookelyn and sales home-make toys in the shop too. They called the stuffed bear “Teddy bear”, and the sales of it soared since the day of its creation. There are a lot of famous teddy bear characters, including Care Bears, Yogi Bear, Teddy Ruxpin, Fozzie Bear, Little Bear, Berenstein Bears, Winnie the Pooh and Baloo!",brainstorming "Here is some reference information about Huaquechula, When does the feast of the Holy Cross in Huaquechula start?","One major festival is that of the Feast of the Holy Cross, which dates back far into the colonial period. It has a community cross made from basalt called the “Cruz de Huaquechula” which is incrusted with various relics related to the original cross of Christ. It is said to be so heavy that it cannot be lifted unless the bearers pray and the church plays a special melody on its bells. The festival lasts nine days beginning in April ending on May 3, with mass, traditional dance, food and music played by bands playing wind instruments, and fireworks set off from large frames in the shape bulls. The event has been named part of the Cultural Heritage of Puebla. During this event, traditional festive wear such as that of the charro and the China Poblana can be seen.","April 25th. It ends on May 3rd, and lasts 9 days.",closed_qa Should I pursue a PhD in STEM?,,"Whether or not to pursue a PhD will depend on a number of factors. These days, many professions require more and more certification and proof of education. However, a PhD is usually only require in the STEM field for positions that are either focussed on research, such as a research scientist position, or on a specialized field, such as many 'wet labs' in biological research, or more specialized knowledge jobs. Other than these roles, a Master's or other accreditation like professional certificates/MBAs etc. can be used for career advancement. For those interested in an academic career, a PhD is still the fundamental requirement. If you do choose to do a PhD, where you do a PhD will influence the amount and type of work that you do. For example, in the EU, the UK, Australia, and some other places, a PhD is usually three years of research with no or minimal extra course work. In the US, though, a PhD typically takes over 4 years and requires the student to take several classes at a graduate level. While in your program, you will need to spend a lot of time focusing on publication pressures. PhD students, these days, are required to produced 1-3 papers during their PhD in high impact journals. In many institutions, this is a high stress environment and can lead to increased mental health stress. If you are passionate and build a strong social structure, this can be an enjoyable experience, albeit a trying one.",creative_writing "Given the following paragraph, how tall is the Leaning Tower of Pisa?","The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: torre pendente di Pisa), or simply, the Tower of Pisa (torre di Pisa [ˈtorre di ˈpiːza; ˈpiːsa]), is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of Pisa Cathedral. It is known for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unstable foundation. The tower is one of three structures in the Pisa's Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo), which includes the cathedral and Pisa Baptistry. The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183 feet 3 inches) from the ground on the low side and 56.67 m (185 ft 11 in) on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is 2.44 m (8 ft 0 in). Its weight is estimated at 14,500 tonnes (16,000 short tons). The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase.",The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183 feet 3 inches) from the ground on the low side and 56.67 m (185 ft 11 in) on the high side.,closed_qa From the passage find the major production areas where Avocado is cultivated. Display the results in comma separated format.,"The avocado (Persea americana) is a medium-sized, evergreen tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It is native to the Americas and was first domesticated by Mesoamerican tribes more than 5,000 years ago. Then as now it was prized for its large and unusually oily fruit. The tree likely originated in the highlands bridging south-central Mexico and Guatemala. Its fruit, sometimes also referred to as an alligator or avocado pear, is botanically a large berry containing a single large seed. Avocado trees are partly self-pollinating, and are often propagated through grafting to maintain consistent fruit output. Avocados are presently cultivated in the tropical and Mediterranean climates of many countries. Mexico is the world's leading producer of avocados as of 2020, supplying nearly 30% of the global harvest in that year. The fruit of domestic varieties have smooth, buttery, golden-green flesh when ripe. Depending on the cultivar, avocados have green, brown, purplish, or black skin, and may be pear-shaped, egg-shaped, or spherical. For commercial purposes the fruits are picked while unripe and ripened after harvesting. The nutrient density and extremely high fat content of avocado flesh are useful to a variety of cuisines and are often eaten to enrich vegetarian diets. In major production regions like Chile, Mexico and California the water demands of avocado farms place strain on local sources. Avocado production is also implicated in other externalities, including deforestation and human rights concerns associated with the partial control of their production in Mexico by organized crime. Global warming is expected to result in significant changes to the suitable growing zones for avocados, and place additional pressures on the locales in which they are produced due to heat waves and drought.","Chile, Mexico, California",information_extraction Give me a list of 5 first date ideas,,"- Grab coffee - Dine out for a meal - Do something active, like a hike - Go to the museum - Have a picninc",brainstorming What are a few ways that I can keep my house cool when it is hot in the summer?,,"Here are a few thoughts on how you could keep your house cool when it is hot in the summer. First, you could draw all of your blinds and shades and keep the house as dark as possible. Second, you could open the windows to let in a cool breeze if one is available. You could also turn on a fan to circulate the air. If these or a combination of these ideas are not working, then you could turn on the air conditioning.",open_qa Think up a couple of ways to use old shirts,,"Here are some ways to use old shirts: - As cleaning / dusting rags - To make tie-dye shirts - To make headbands / head accessories - As garden ties for your plants - turning them into quilts - turning them into rugs",brainstorming how to solve a Rubik's cube,,"Start with one side: Begin by choosing one side of the cube to solve. Usually, people choose the white or yellow side as it's easier to see the colors. Look for a center piece of the color you've chosen and place it in the center of that side. Build the first layer: Now, turn the cube so that the side you just solved is facing down. Look for the edges that match the center color and put them in their respective places on the first layer. This layer will be completed when you have all four matching edge pieces in place. Build the second layer: Once the first layer is complete, turn the cube over and find the middle row. Look for the edge pieces that belong on this layer, and move them into place with an algorithm. The goal is to build a complete layer with the same color as the center. Build the final layer: The final layer can be tricky, but with practice, it becomes easier. First, align the corners of the final layer with the corresponding edges. Then, apply an algorithm to move the corners to their correct positions. Once the corners are in place, use another algorithm to position the edges. Finish the cube: After completing the final layer, you may have some misaligned pieces. Don't worry, as a simple algorithm can fix them. Keep using the algorithm until all the sides of the cube are in place. With practice, solving a Rubik's Cube can be achieved in under a minute. It's important to remember that it's all about pattern recognition and memorizing algorithms, so keep practicing and soon you'll be able to solve it without even thinking!",creative_writing What is the Forever War about?,,"The Forever War was written by Joe Haldeman and published in 1974. It follows the story of the main protagonist, William Mandella, as he is conscripted to fight in an interstellar war against the Taurans. The book was awarded the Nebula Award in 1975 and the Hugo and Locus awards in 1976. The Forever War deals with themes of a soldier's experience with war and represents the author's experience in the Vietnam War. The sequels, Forever Peace (1997) and Forever Free (1999), followed and are direct sequels to the original novel.",open_qa Name three creative ways to utilize plastic wrap other than sealing food to keep it fresh.,,"1. If you have wounds in your body and want to take a shower while keeping the wounded area dry, you can wrap that area with plastic wrap closely to prevent water from coming in. 2. If you are moving and have lots of fragile items (like monitors, chairs, etc), you can wrap your furniture or electronics with plastic wrap to prevent damages. 3. If you have an outdoor garden mini greenhouse and want to prevent cold air from getting into it at night, you can wrap the bottom of the greenhouse with plastic wrap so that it is airtight.",brainstorming "What is following the file format Delta Lake follows to write records? CSV, JSON, PARQUET, AVRO, ORC",,"Delta lake writes data in Parquet format. A transaction layer is on top of it to enforce ACID property, schema evaluation, time travel and few other benefits.",classification Give me 10 reasons why people dance,,"Passion, love of art, exercise, money, personal expression, communication, celebrations, cultural heritage, to connect and form bonds",brainstorming What qualifies an animal as a monotreme?,,"A monotreme is a mammal that lays eggs. This is uncommon as there are only two mammals, the echidnas and platypus, that do so. The majority of mammals give placenta birth, with another minority of mammals, known as marsupials, give birth to a fetus-like embryo which is dependent of mother's teat to provide nourishment until fully developed.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Panduri, Zurna",,"Zurna is woodwind, Panduri is string.",classification "I’m new to beer, recommend 5 beer styles to me",,"Here are 5 beer styles that you might enjoy: 1. Pale ale 2. Pilsner 3. West coast IPA 4. Vienna Lager 5. Stout",brainstorming Where should you visit in Belize if you are looking for a nice beach?,,"You should visit Secret Beach on Ambergris Caye if you want to experience calm waters without sargassum (sea grass) on the beach. In Secret Beach you will find the typical postcard beaches with nice sand, calm waters and additionally you get to watch the sunset since this side of the island faces west. On the east side of Ambergris Caye, you will experience more wind, more waves and sargassum. However, this side of the island has better access to the reef for snorkeling and fishing.",open_qa Is banana a flower or a fruit?,,"Banana is a fruit, not a flower.",classification "Tell me whether these are mammals or amphibians: Kangaroo, Hellbender, Horse, Taita African Caecilian, Monkey, Pangolins, Squirrel, Frogs",,"Horse, Kangaroo, Monkey, Pangolin, and Squirrel are mammals. Frogs, Hellbenders, and Taita African Caecilian are Amphibians.",classification "Separate the currencies from the other units of measure in the following list: United States Dollar, Canadian Dollar, Chinese Yuan, Japanese Yen, Swiss Franc, centimeter, inch, Mexican Peso, mile, kilometer, foot, liter, gallon, Russian Ruble, Singapore Dollar, Chilean Peso, Norwegian Krone, stone.",,"The following are currencies: United States Dollar, Canadian Dollar, Chinese Yuan, Japanese Yen, Swiss Franc, Mexican Peso, Russian Ruble, Singapore Dollar, Chilean Peso, Norwegian Krone. The following are units of measure: centimeter, inch, mile, kilometer, foot, liter, gallon, stone.",classification What is Objective-C?,,"Objective-C is a high-level general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language.",open_qa "Given this paragraph, who was Ayrton Senna's teammate at McLaren-Honda?","Ayrton Senna began his motorsport career in karting, moved up to open-wheel racing in 1981 and won the 1983 British Formula Three Championship. He made his Formula One debut with Toleman-Hart in 1984, before moving to Lotus-Renault the following year and winning six Grands Prix over the next three seasons. In 1988, he joined Frenchman Alain Prost at McLaren-Honda. Between them, they won all but one of the 16 Grands Prix that year, and Senna claimed his first World Championship. Prost claimed the championship in 1989, and Senna his second and third championships in 1990 and 1991. In 1992, the Williams-Renault combination began to dominate Formula One. Senna nonetheless managed to finish the 1993 season as runner-up, winning five races and negotiating a move to Williams in 1994.","While at McLaren-Honda, Alain Prost was Ayrton Senna's teammate.",closed_qa "Classify the following drinks as alcoholic or non-alcoholic: Bourbon, Whiskey, Vodka, Lemonade, Iced Tea",,"Bourbon: Alcoholic Whiskey: Alcoholic Vodka: Alcoholic Lemonade: Non-Alcoholic Iced Tea: Non-Alcoholic",classification How many Alabama football players have won the Heisman?,"The Alabama Crimson Tide football program represents the University of Alabama (variously Alabama, UA, or Bama) in the sport of American football. The team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team's head coach is Nick Saban, who has led the Tide to six national championships over his tenure. The Crimson Tide is among the most storied and decorated football programs in NCAA history. Since beginning play in 1892, the program claims 18 national championships, including 13 wire-service (AP or Coaches') national titles in the poll-era, and five other titles before the poll-era. From 1958 to 1982, the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Paul ""Bear"" Bryant, who won six national titles with the program. Despite numerous national and conference championships, it was not until 2009 that an Alabama player received a Heisman Trophy, when running back Mark Ingram II became the university's first winner. In 2015, Derrick Henry became the university's second Heisman winner. The Crimson Tide won back to back Heisman trophies in 2020 and 2021, with DeVonta Smith and Bryce Young.","The Alabama Crimson Tide football program has produced four Heisman trophy winners. The first Crimson Tide player to win the Heisman was running back Mark Ingram II in 2009. Running back Derrick Henry won the Heisman trophy in 2015. Alabama had back-to-back Heisman trophy winners in 2020 and 2021, DeVonta Smith and Bryce Young.",information_extraction "Arrange these weapons from oldest to newest, based on the date they were first invented. Sword Nuclear Bomb Hand Axe Gatling Gun Rifle",,"The correct order is handaxe, sword, rifle, gatling gun, nuclear bomb. The handaxe is a Stone Age weapon that has existed for more than one million years and long predates homo sapiens. The earliest swords were invented around 3,300 BC in Europe during the beginning of the Bronze Age. The first rifles were likely developed during the 15th century, although their exact origins are unknown. The Gatling gun was invented in 1862 and was first used in battle during the US civil war. The nuclear bomb was invented in 1945 as part of the Manhattan Project.",classification Name a style of hot yoga.,,Bikram.,open_qa Can cats communicate?,"Cats need to communicate with each other for bonding, and relating with each other; they need to collaborate, play, and share resources. When they communicate with people, they do so to get what they need or want, such as food, affection, or play. Cats use a range of communication methods such as vocal, visual, tactile and olfactory. Cats mostly meow to communicate with people, rarely with other animals. As such, the cats' communication methods have been significantly affected by domestication. Up to 21 different cat vocalizations have been studied. It is now evident that domestic cats meow more than feral cats.","Cat vocalizations have been categorized according to a range of characteristics. Originally suggested by Mildred Moelk, cat sounds are often divided into three main classes: sounds produced with the mouth closed (murmurs – purring, trilling) sounds produced when the mouth is first opened and then gradually closed (meowing, howling, yowling) sounds produced with the mouth held tensely open in the same position (growls, snarls, hisses, spits, chattering, and chirping). In 1944, Moelk published the first phonetic study of cat sounds. She listened very carefully to her own cats and organized their sounds into 16 phonetic patterns divided into three main categories. She also used a phonetic alphabet to transcribe or write down the different sounds. She claimed that cats had six different forms of meows to represent friendliness, confidence, dissatisfaction, anger, fear and pain. Moelk classified eight other sounds involved in mating and fighting by listening to the animals in her yard and on the street. Brown et al. categorized vocal responses of cats according to the behavioral context: during separation of kittens from mother cats, during food deprivation, during pain, prior to or during threat or attack behavior, as in disputes over territory or food, during a painful or acutely stressful experience, as in routine prophylactic injections and during kitten deprivation. Less commonly recorded calls from mature cats included purring, conspecific greeting calls or murmurs, extended vocal dialogues between cats in separate cages, ""frustration"" calls during training or extinction of conditioned responses. Miller classified vocalizations into five categories according to the sound produced: the purr, chirr, call, meow and growl/snarl/hiss. Owens et al. categorized cat vocalizations based on their acoustic structures. There are three categories: tonal sounds, pulse sounds, and broadband sounds. Tonal sounds are further categorized into groups of harmonically structured sounds or regular tonal sounds. Pulse vocalizations are separated into pulse bursts and hybrid pulse bursts with tonal endings. Broadband sounds are separated into four groups: non-tonal broadband sounds, broadband sounds with tonal beginnings, broadband sounds with short tonal elements, and broadband sounds with long tonal endings.",information_extraction What is a spatial network?,,"A spatial network (sometimes also geometric graph) is a graph in which the vertices or edges are spatial elements associated with geometric objects, i.e., the nodes are located in a space equipped with a certain metric. The simplest mathematical realization of spatial network is a lattice or a random geometric graph (see figure in the right), where nodes are distributed uniformly at random over a two-dimensional plane; a pair of nodes are connected if the Euclidean distance is smaller than a given neighborhood radius. Transportation and mobility networks, Internet, mobile phone networks, power grids, social and contact networks and biological neural networks are all examples where the underlying space is relevant and where the graph's topology alone does not contain all the information. Characterizing and understanding the structure, resilience and the evolution of spatial networks is crucial for many different fields ranging from urbanism to epidemiology.",open_qa When was MIT founded?,"The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a significant role in the development of many areas of modern technology and science.",1861,closed_qa "Describe a plan for training to compete in a long distance gravel cycling event, including nutrition, preparation, and recovery requirements. Your plan should include a timeline and be relevant to someone who works a full time job.",,"General guidelines call for four rides a week but no less than three days a week. Your overall weekly training time commitment will vary, as you professional demands permit, but will increase as you get closer to your event. In the early stages of your training, expect to spend about six to eight hours on your bike each week. Many part time riders with full time work commitments will be looking at a few weeks of eight to 10 hours of riding time, the bulk of which will come from your long rides. During the week, your rides will be shorter, but a little bit harder. Typically those who work and train for long distance riding events perform measured short distance rides in the early morning before work or mid-afternoon during breaks. On the weekends (or whenever you have days off), they’ll be longer and a bit easier. Recovery and nutrition will be important for non-ride days Most people in training benefit from a recovery drink after hard workouts, eating plenty of fruits and veggies, drinking lots of water, meditating, and practicing yoga, along with flushing her legs with self-massage tools and foam rollers. It is important to get a good nights sleep. Bedtime is prime time for bone, muscle, hormone, and immune system restoration. Do allow for seven to eight hours of sleep per night. The following lead time is generally required for each time of event: If you are training for event in the 50- to 75-mile range, you'll want to begin training at least six to eight weeks in advance. If you’re training for anything in the 100-plus range, allow 10 to 12 weeks. If you’re preparing for an event in the 200-mile range, begin training 16 weeks out. A typical training week should include the three types of targeted training, plus one or two days of cross training (strength and core training) and rest days Before your event, you will want to be within 75% to 80% of miles and elevation required for the event with the final week before your event tapering off to rides at 20-25% of length compared to the event.",creative_writing What form of government is the United Kingdom?,,The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy,open_qa What is Indian national anthem?,,"The Indian national anthem is Jana Gana Mana, composed by Rabindranath Tagore on 11 December 1911. The parent song, 'Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata' is a Brahmo hymn which has five verses and only the first verse has been adopted as National Anthem.",open_qa "Extract the names of the Planet Earth series, and separate them with a comma.","Planet Earth (2006) Planet Earth is a 2006 British television series produced by the BBC Natural History Unit. Five years in the making, it was the most expensive nature documentary series ever commissioned by the BBC and also the first to be filmed in high definition. Planet Earth premiered on 5 March 2006 in the United Kingdom on BBC One, and by June 2007 had been shown in 130 countries. The series has eleven episodes, each of which features a global overview of a different biome or habitat on Earth. At the end of each fifty-minute episode, a ten-minute featurette takes a behind-the-scenes look at the challenges of filming the series. Planet Earth: The Future (2006) Planet Earth: The Future is a 2006 BBC documentary series on the environment and conservation, produced by the BBC Natural History Unit as a companion to the multi-award-winning nature documentary Planet Earth. The programmes were originally broadcast on BBC Four immediately after the final three episodes of Planet Earth on BBC One. Each episode highlights the conservation issues surrounding some of the species and environments featured in Planet Earth, using interviews with the film-makers and eminent figures from the fields of science, conservation, politics, and theology. The programmes are narrated by Simon Poland and the series producer was Fergus Beeley. Saving Planet Earth (2007) Saving Planet Earth is a season of nature documentaries with a conservation theme, screened on BBC Television in 2007 to mark the 50th anniversary of its specialist factual department, the BBC Natural History Unit. The series featured films contributed by a number of celebrities on the plight of various endangered species, and coincided with the launch of the BBC Wildlife Fund, a charitable organisation which distributes money to conservation projects around the world. The television series culminated in a live fundraising telethon on BBC Two, hosted by Alan Titchmarsh, which raised over £1 million for the charity. The BBC broadcast a second live telethon in 2010. Wild Night In was presented by Kate Humble, Chris Packham and Martin Hughes-Games and featured conservation projects which had benefited from the support of the BBC Wildlife Fund. This helped to raise a further £1 million. Planet Earth Live (2012) Planet Earth Live is a live action nature documentary screened on British television. Produced by the BBC Natural History Unit and broadcast in May 2012, the programme was presented by Richard Hammond and Julia Bradbury. Planet Earth Live featured real-time footage of young animals from five continents throughout the month of May. Broadcast three times per week, teams of nature experts and documentary makers monitored the activity of animals in their area, reporting back on the day’s events. Animals featured included meerkats in the Kalahari Desert, American black bears in Minnesota, lions and African bush elephants in East Africa, toque macaques in Sri Lanka, gray whales off the coast of California, polar bears in Svalbard and giant otters in Peru. The programme was shown in May 2012 on BBC One in the United Kingdom and was broadcast in 140 countries in total, making it the most ambitious global wildlife series the BBC had ever undertaken. In the US it was retitled 24/7 Wild and aired on NatGeo Wild; in South Africa, Asia, Australia, Italy, Nordic countries, New Zealand and Poland it was shown on BBC Knowledge; and in India on BBC Entertainment. Planet Earth II (2016) Planet Earth II is a natural history documentary series, produced by the BBC as a sequel to the highly successful Planet Earth television series, which aired roughly a decade earlier, in 2006. The series was presented and narrated by Sir David Attenborough with the score composed by Hans Zimmer. The first trailer was released on 9 October 2016, and the series was broadcast in November 2016 (United Kingdom) on BBC One and BBC One HD. Planet Earth II is also the first television series that the BBC have produced in Ultra-high-definition (4K). Planet Earth III (2023) Planet Earth III will be the third part in the Planet Earth trilogy. It is set to release in 2023.","Planet Earth (2006), Planet Earth: The Future (2006), Saving Planet Earth (2007), Planet Earth Live (2012), Planet Earth II (2016), Planet Earth III (2023)",information_extraction Provide a bulleted summary of the different types of taxes in the USA.,"The United States of America has separate federal, state, and local governments with taxes imposed at each of these levels. Taxes are levied on income, payroll, property, sales, capital gains, dividends, imports, estates and gifts, as well as various fees. In 2020, taxes collected by federal, state, and local governments amounted to 25.5% of GDP, below the OECD average of 33.5% of GDP. The United States had the seventh-lowest tax revenue-to-GDP ratio among OECD countries in 2020, with a higher ratio than Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Ireland, Costa Rica, and Turkey. Taxes fall much more heavily on labor income than on capital income. Divergent taxes and subsidies for different forms of income and spending can also constitute a form of indirect taxation of some activities over others. For example, individual spending on higher education can be said to be ""taxed"" at a high rate, compared to other forms of personal expenditure which are formally recognized as investments. Taxes are imposed on net income of individuals and corporations by the federal, most state, and some local governments. Citizens and residents are taxed on worldwide income and allowed a credit for foreign taxes. Income subject to tax is determined under tax accounting rules, not financial accounting principles, and includes almost all income from whatever source. Most business expenses reduce taxable income, though limits apply to a few expenses. Individuals are permitted to reduce taxable income by personal allowances and certain non-business expenses, including home mortgage interest, state and local taxes, charitable contributions, and medical and certain other expenses incurred above certain percentages of income. State rules for determining taxable income often differ from federal rules. Federal marginal tax rates vary from 10% to 37% of taxable income. State and local tax rates vary widely by jurisdiction, from 0% to 13.30% of income, and many are graduated. State taxes are generally treated as a deductible expense for federal tax computation, although the 2017 tax law imposed a $10,000 limit on the state and local tax (""SALT"") deduction, which raised the effective tax rate on medium and high earners in high tax states. Prior to the SALT deduction limit, the average deduction exceeded $10,000 in most of the Midwest, and exceeded $11,000 in most of the Northeastern United States, as well as California and Oregon. The states impacted the most by the limit were the tri-state area (NY, NJ, and CT) and California; the average SALT deduction in those states was greater than $17,000 in 2014. The United States is one of two countries in the world that taxes its non-resident citizens on worldwide income, in the same manner and rates as residents; the other is Eritrea. The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of imposition of such a tax in the case of Cook v. Tait. Nonetheless, the foreign earned income exclusion eliminates U.S. taxes on the first $108,700 of annual foreign income earned by U.S. citizens living and working abroad. Payroll taxes are imposed by the federal and all state governments. These include Social Security and Medicare taxes imposed on both employers and employees, at a combined rate of 15.3% (13.3% for 2011 and 2012). Social Security tax applies only to the first $132,900 of wages in 2019. There is an additional Medicare tax of 0.9% on wages above $200,000. Employers must withhold income taxes on wages. An unemployment tax and certain other levies apply to employers. Payroll taxes have dramatically increased as a share of federal revenue since the 1950s, while corporate income taxes have fallen as a share of revenue. (Corporate profits have not fallen as a share of GDP). Property taxes are imposed by most local governments and many special purpose authorities based on the fair market value of property. School and other authorities are often separately governed, and impose separate taxes. Property tax is generally imposed only on realty, though some jurisdictions tax some forms of business property. Property tax rules and rates vary widely with annual median rates ranging from 0.2% to 1.9% of a property's value depending on the state. Sales taxes are imposed by most states and some localities on the price at retail sale of many goods and some services. Sales tax rates vary widely among jurisdictions, from 0% to 16%, and may vary within a jurisdiction based on the particular goods or services taxed. Sales tax is collected by the seller at the time of sale, or remitted as use tax by buyers of taxable items who did not pay sales tax. The United States imposes tariffs or customs duties on the import of many types of goods from many jurisdictions. These tariffs or duties must be paid before the goods can be legally imported. Rates of duty vary from 0% to more than 20%, based on the particular goods and country of origin. Estate and gift taxes are imposed by the federal and some state governments on the transfer of property inheritance, by will, or by lifetime donation. Similar to federal income taxes, federal estate and gift taxes are imposed on worldwide property of citizens and residents and allow a credit for foreign taxes.","The following are the different types of taxes in the USA: - Income Tax: Imposed on income from any source - Payroll Tax: Social Security and Medicare taxes imposed on both employers and employees - Property Tax: Imposed on value of property - Sales Tax: Imposed on the price at retail sale of goods and services",summarization Write a short story about a little girl that saves her neighbors home from a bee infestation.,,"Milly was 6 years old and ever since she could remember, fascinated by bees. Her mother called her their little apiologist. Her father called her ""honey bee."" Her brother called her super tough because she had been stung by bees over 10 times and not once did she cry. The truth is, Milly felt like crying when she was stung, and it was not because the sting hurt. No, Milly was sad, because when a bee stings you, it dies and Milly loves bees. Knowing what you now know about Milly, it will be no surprise to you that the Jackson's came to her when they needed help. The Jackson's were Milly's neighbors, and Milly thought they were very cool. First off, they loved animals. Including 3 kids, 2 dogs, 2 cats, and 12 little silver fish that sparkled in this huge fishbowl. They dressed colorfully, they organized street-wide garage sales, and every few weeks, they invited Milly and her brother over to watch movies in their backyard that they projected off the side of their garage. The Jackson's were not the type of people to worry about much, but on this day, they appeared very concerned. When Milly opened the door after she heard the doorbell ring, their they all were, Thomas and Lauren (the parents), Amber, Jade, Hugo (the kids), Bosko and Roscoe (the dogs), Felix and Helix (the cats), and sparkles (all of the fish were named sparkle because you couldn't tell them apart) in their fishbowl. Amber spoke up, ""Milly, we need your help, it's an emergency."" Jade continued, ""There are bees everywhere!"" Hugo finished, ""At least Dad and Roscoe are allergic to bee stings, so we just grabbed everyone and ran!"" Milly's eyes darted between each of the people and pets in front of her. She could see and sense the fear in them. They did not know that there was nothing to fear, Milly the little apiologist was here. Milly took a deep breath, and calmly said, ""Lead me to them."" Thomas said, ""Thank you Milly, we think they are coming out of the garage, but we're not sure"", as they started to walk next door. Stepping through the grass, you could start to hear what the Jackson's were talking about. With each step, a droning buzz sound got closer. As Milly stepped off the lawn and onto the Jackson's driveway the buzzing went up a few decibels. She started to see them. Little movements in every direction - coming from the garage, going to the garage, bouncing off the windows of the car, hovering above the buffet of colorful flowers in the planters hanging on the side of the back deck. To some it might look chaotic, but to Milly, it was amazing. The Jackson’s stayed back, near the start of the driveway, holding their collective breaths, as Milly walked right into the swarms' midst. Milly’s tie-dye shirt was bright pink and yellow, and had the words, “Flower Power” written on the front in bold, bubbly letters. It attracted a lot of attention. Bees were landing all over her, as if exploring the shirt for some hidden nectar. Unbothered, Milly stood there for a minute and just listened to the buzz. She could sense that it was louder towards the garage. Milly went to the green wooden door and peered in through the window. She could not believe her eyes. The window on the door of the Jackson’s garage was in need of a cleaning. But it was clear to Milly that something remarkable was behind this door, because she could see bees everywhere. Not just flying, but bees on the table top, the toolbox, the walls, the lights, the bicycles, they were everywhere. So many, the walls looked like they were moving. Milly opened the door and walked in, a few bees blasted out as the door opened, along with a rush of air carrying a slightly sweet fragrance. More bees flew towards Milly, landing on her. Walking on her sleeves, hanging on to her shoe laces, getting tangled in her hair. Milly put her hand over her mouth and nose, so she could breathe without inhaling a bee. She had to keep blinking to keep the bees from obscuring her vision. She walked slowly to the table top that used to have a few tools on it, keeping a close eye on where she stepped. She started her search here, because she noticed a strange pattern in the surface movement: there was a small trail between thousands of bees on the wall behind the table top. Milly knows a lot about bees. That male bees don’t have stingers. Females and males have different body types and shapes. Females have shorter antennae, males tend to be slimmer and smaller. Milly also knows that each hive has a single queen, and that the queen likes to walk quickly amongst her hive. As she walks, the workers all around her will part in front of her, leaving a small wake behind the queen. With this in mind, Millly scanned the wall, looking for her. And there she is. The queen bee stands out. She’s larger in every way. The patterns on her wings are more clear. She moves where she pleases, and her workers are happy to clear a path in front of her. Milly reached out and picked her up. The buzzing in the garage got louder almost immediately. The bees near the wall, started to lift off and fly around quickly in front of Milly, who was once again holding a hand over her mouth and nose. Milly turned to face the door and began to retrace her steps back out of the garage. As Milly took each step, more and more bees started to land on her closed hand holding the queen. Bees landed on her arm, on her shoulder, on neck, and slowly covered all of Milly’s body. Milly made it to the door, and walked out. The Jackson’s started yelling, “Milly are you OK?!” “Milly??!!!!” “Call 9-1-1!!!” Roscoe barked. Milly couldn’t hear anything over the buzzing though. The weight of the bees was unexpectedly heavy. The bees were warm too, and she could feel a tinge of perspiration on her brow. Milly headed home. She didn’t have any pets of her own, she didn’t ask for much, but she was about to make a big ask. Milly still moved slowly, as her vision was still obscured given the movement in front, above, and below her eyes. She could sense the Jackson’s kids rushing ahead of her, and shouting. Milly could feel the queen in her hand moving around, pushing at the edges between her fingers, trying to get through to her hive that was crawling all over Milly. As she walked back across the lawn, she started to see people on the street watching her. She could see her house between blinks, and her mother and father walking towards her, with big grins on their faces. They walked right up to Milly, and spoke loudly to be heard over the buzzing. “Where are you going, my little beekeeper?” Her dad’s voice cut through the buzz. Milly just looked up at him, and over at her mom. She responded with her eyes, though blinking rapidly, those big green eyes conveyed a desire to her parents that they understood. The two parents looked at each other and sighed, then looked back down at their daughter. “So, what are we supposed to do, get a nice box or jar for the queen?” Milly nodded, and headed through the gate to their backyard. Milly’s parents followed, along with her brother, and the Jackson’s, though Roscoe stayed wearily at the back of the group. Milly’s mother disappeared into their shed and emerged a few seconds later with a small box that had a lid with a very fine mesh. A temporary home for a queen. The box was placed on the patio table and the group gathered around. Milly reached out and placed the queen in the box and stepped back. As she stepped away, the bees started to lift off of her, buzzing in the air, waiting to pick up the new signal of the queen’s location. Then one by one, they found her, and rapidly flew towards the box, covering the table in seconds. Milly let out a deep breath and looked at her friends and family. She dropped the hand from over her mouth, and helped a few bees that were stuck in her hair find their way out. She had the biggest smile on her face, like only a happy 6 year old can have, and she asked, “Who likes honey?”",creative_writing How many NBA basketball teams are in California?,,"There are 4 NBA basketball teams in California: Golden State Warriors, Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers, and Sacramento Kings.",open_qa "Based on the following paragraph on the current use of obsidian, what's the difference between obsidian scalpels and steel scalpels?","Obsidian can be used to make extremely sharp knives, and obsidian blades are a type of glass knife made using naturally occurring obsidian instead of manufactured glass. Obsidian is used by some surgeons[who?][example needed] for scalpel blades, although this is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use on humans. Well-crafted obsidian blades, like any glass knife, can have a cutting edge many times sharper than high-quality steel surgical scalpels: the cutting edge of the blade is only about three nanometers thick. All metal knives have a jagged, irregular blade when viewed under a strong enough microscope; however, obsidian blades are still smooth, even when examined under an electron microscope. One study found that obsidian incisions produced fewer inflammatory cells and less granulation tissue in a group of rats after seven days but the differences disappeared after twenty-one days. Don Crabtree has produced surgical obsidian blades and written articles on the subject. Obsidian scalpels may currently[when?] be purchased[by whom?] for surgical use on research animals.","Obsidian scalpels have a cutting edge that is many times sharper than a steel scalpel. In addition, obsidian scalpels have a smooth blade surface whereas all metal knifes have a jagged, irregular blade surface.",closed_qa Who is the first chairman of Chine?,"Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which he led as the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from the establishment of the PRC in 1949 until his death in 1976. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist, his theories, military strategies, and political policies are collectively known as Maoism.","Mao Zedong is the first chairman of the People's Republic of China, he is also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary and the founder of the People's Republic of China. He served as the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from the establishment of the PRC in 1949 until his death in 1976",closed_qa Which American president appears on a one-dollar bill?,,George Washington,open_qa Give me a list of six different types of flowers I could buy someone,,"Carnations, Roses, Tulips, Peonies, Daffodils, Lilies",brainstorming What is the color of tennis balls?,"Tennis balls were originally made of cloth strips stitched together with thread and stuffed with feathers. Modern tennis balls are made of hollow vulcanized rubber with a felt coating. Traditionally white, the predominant colour was gradually changed to optic yellow in the latter part of the 20th century to allow for improved visibility. Tennis balls must conform to certain criteria for size, weight, deformation, and bounce to be approved for regulation play. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) defines the official diameter as 65.41–68.58 mm (2.575–2.700 in). Balls must weigh between 56.0 and 59.4 g (1.98 and 2.10 oz).",Modern tennis balls are yellow.,information_extraction "Which episode of ""The X-Files"" was broadcast in black-and-white?",,The Post-Modern Prometheus,open_qa "In the following passage, replace Tallinn with Helsinki and Estonian with Finland.","Urmas was born in Tallinn. He graduated from the University of Tartu in 1996 with a BA in political science and continued his graduate studies there, but without obtaining the degree. He was active in journalism during his studies, first at Estonian Radio and later at Postimees, a mainstream daily and one of Estonia's most popular newspapers.","Urmas was born in Helsinki. He graduated from the University of Tartu in 1996 with a BA in political science and continued his graduate studies there, but without obtaining the degree. He was active in journalism during his studies, first at Finland Radio and later at Postimees, a mainstream daily and one of Finland's most popular newspapers.",information_extraction The Bud Freeman All-Stars featuring Shorty Baker,,"AllMusic reviewer Scott Yanow stated: ""Tenor-sax great Bud Freeman, who is often associated with the Eddie Condon school of Nicksieland, is heard heading an excellent swing quintet for this 1960 studio session. Trumpeter Harold ""Shorty"" Baker (best known for his periods with Duke Ellington) made too few small-group recordings throughout his life so this is one of his best ... the group plays superior standards and a couple of originals on this fine swing date""",brainstorming Which fictional LAPD detective is Titus Welliver known for playing?,"Detective Hieronymus ""Harry"" Bosch is a fictional character created by American author Michael Connelly. Bosch debuted as the lead character in the 1992 novel The Black Echo, the first in a best-selling police procedural series now numbering 24 novels. The novels are more or less coincident in timeframe with the year in which they were published. Harry, as he is commonly known by his associates, is a veteran police homicide detective with the Los Angeles Police Department. He was named after the 15th-century Dutch artist Hieronymus Bosch. Titus Welliver portrayed the title character from 2015 to 2021 in Bosch, a television series adapted from the novels, and from 2022 in its spin-off series Bosch: Legacy.",Titus Welliver played Harry Bosch in the TV series Bosch and also in spin off Bosch:Legacy.,closed_qa "When rollerblading which of the following items will protect you from injury and which will not: Helmet, a baseball cap, sunglasses, knee pads, backpack, headphones, and elbow pads?",,"A helmet, knee pads, and elbow pads will protect you from injury, while a baseball cap, sunglasses, backpack, and headphones will not.",classification When did Delaware join the United States?,,"Delaware was admitted to the union on December 7, 1787.",open_qa Write an email to my landlord explaining why I missed rent payment this month.,,"Hi Landlord, I wanted to send this message to apologize for missing my rent payment deadline this month. When rent was due, I went to the online portal to transfer you the money from my bank funds as I do each month. After logging in I saw that my balance was $0, and that the money had been transferred to a different account. I immediately filed a fraudulent transaction report with my bank, and they noted that my bank account was insured and the money will be returned. I am still waiting for the bank to return the funds which were stolen, but have confirmation that they should be returned shortly. Once the funds have been returned I will pay you in full, but ask that you accept this explanation while I await my bank account being restored, and apologize for any inconvenience this causes you.",creative_writing "Who directed the Game of Thrones season three episode titled ""Kissed by Fire""?",,"Alex Graves directed ""Kissed by Fire."" He also directed the season three episode ""And Now His Watch Is Ended.""",open_qa When did Porsche stop producing air-cooled engines in the 911?,"The Porsche 911 (pronounced Nine Eleven or in German: Neunelfer) is a two-door 2+2 high performance rear-engined sports car introduced in September 1964 by Porsche AG of Stuttgart, Germany. It has a rear-mounted flat-six engine and originally a torsion bar suspension. The car has been continuously enhanced through the years but the basic concept has remained unchanged. The engines were air-cooled until the introduction of the 996 series in 1998.",Porsche stopped producing air-cooled engines in the 911 in 1998 with the 996 series.,closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tifa, Pipa",,"Pipa is string, Tifa is percussion.",classification "Which of these are soccer players? Maradona, Joe Biden, Michelle Platini, John Terry, John Oliver, Mike Anderson, Steven Gerrard, Mo Salah, Obama, Michael Jordan",,"Maradona, Michelle Platini, John Terry, Steven Gerrard and Mo Salah are soccer players.",classification Is Pluto a planet ?,,"Pluto's status is the subject of extensive debate among planetary scientists. Upon its discovery, Pluto was initially classified as the ninth planet of the Solar system. However in 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) issued a definition for planets in the Solar system that resulted in the reclassification of Pluto as a ""dwarf planet"". According to this definition, a planet is any celestial body that : - orbits the Sun, - has enough mass to assume a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape, - cleared away any other similarly-sized objects near its orbit around the Sun. The last criteria hasn't been met by Pluto.",open_qa What is Hispania,"Hispania (Latin: Hispānia [hɪsˈpaːnia], Spanish: [isˈpanja]; nearly identically pronounced in Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, and Italian) was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula and its provinces. Under the Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into two provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was divided into two new provinces, Baetica and Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was renamed Hispania Tarraconensis. Subsequently, the western part of Tarraconensis was split off, first as Hispania Nova, later renamed ""Callaecia"" (or Gallaecia, whence modern Galicia). From Diocletian's Tetrarchy (AD 293) onwards, the south of the remainder of Tarraconensis was again split off as Carthaginensis, and all of the mainland Hispanic provinces, along with the Balearic Islands and the North African province of Mauretania Tingitana, were later grouped into a civil diocese headed by a vicarius. The name Hispania was also used in the period of Visigothic rule. The modern place names Spain and Hispaniola are both derived from Hispania.","Hispania (Latin: Hispānia [hɪsˈpaːnia], Spanish: [isˈpanja]; nearly identically pronounced in Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, and Italian) was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula and its provinces. Under the Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into two provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was divided into two new provinces, Baetica and Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was renamed Hispania Tarraconensis. Subsequently, the western part of Tarraconensis was split off, first as Hispania Nova, later renamed ""Callaecia"" (or Gallaecia, whence modern Galicia). From Diocletian's Tetrarchy (AD 293) onwards, the south of the remainder of Tarraconensis was again split off as Carthaginensis, and all of the mainland Hispanic provinces, along with the Balearic Islands and the North African province of Mauretania Tingitana, were later grouped into a civil diocese headed by a vicarius. The name Hispania was also used in the period of Visigothic rule. The modern place names Spain and Hispaniola are both derived from Hispania.",closed_qa "Which of the following are not noble gases: helium, sodium, neon, oxygen, argon, hydrogen, calcium, magnesium, lithium, boron, krypton, nitrogen, xenon, aluminium, radon.",,"The following are not noble gases - sodium, oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, magnesium, lithium, boron, nitrogen, aluminium.",classification What is observer bias,"Observer bias is one of the types of detection bias and is defined as any kind of systematic divergence from accurate facts during observation and the recording of data and information in studies. The definition can be further expanded upon to include the systematic difference between what is observed due to variation in observers, and what the true value is. Observer bias is the tendency of observers to not see what is there, but instead to see what they expect or want to see. This is a common occurrence in the everyday lives of many and is a significant problem that is sometimes encountered in scientific research and studies. Observation is critical to scientific research and activity, and as such, observer bias may be as well. When such biases exist, scientific studies can result in an over- or underestimation of what is true and accurate, which compromises the validity of the findings and results of the study, even if all other designs and procedures in the study were appropriate. Observational data forms the foundation of a significant body of knowledge. Observation is a method of data collection and falls into the category of qualitative research techniques. There are a number of benefits of observation, including its simplicity as a data collection method and its usefulness for hypotheses. Simultaneously, there are many limitations and disadvantages in the observation process, including the potential lack of reliability, poor validity, and faulty perception. Participants’ observations are widely used in sociological and anthropological studies, while systematic observation is used where researchers need to collect data without participants direct interactions. The most common observation method is naturalistic observation, where subjects are observed in their natural environments with the goal to assess the behaviour in an intervention free and natural setting. Observer bias is especially probable when the investigator or researcher has vested interests in the outcome of the research or has strong preconceptions. Coupled with ambiguous underlying data and a subjective scoring method, these three factors contribute heavily to the incidence of observer bias. Examples of cognitive biases include: Anchoring – a cognitive bias that causes humans to place too much reliance on the initial pieces of information they are provided with for a topic. This causes a skew in judgement and prevents humans and observers from updating their plans and predictions as appropriate. Bandwagon effect – the tendency for people to “jump on the bandwagon” with certain behaviours and attitudes, meaning that they adopt particular ways of doings things based on what others are doing. Bias blind spot – the tendency for people to recognize the impact of bias on others and their judgements, while simultaneously failing to acknowledge and recognize the impact that their own biases have on their own judgement. Confirmation bias – the tendency for people to look for, interpret, and recall information in such a way that their preconceived beliefs and values are affirmed. Guilt and innocence by association bias – the tendency for people to hold an assumption that individuals within a group share similar characteristics and behaviours, including those that would hail them as innocent or guilty. Halo effect – the tendency for the positive impressions and beliefs in one area around a person, brand, company, product or the like to influence an observers opinions or feelings in other unrelated areas. Framing effect – the tendency for people to form conclusions and opinions based on whether the pertinent relevant is provided to them with positive or negative connotations. Recency effect – the tendency for more recent pieces of information, ideas, or arguments to be remembered more clearly than those that preceded.","Observer bias is one of the types of detection bias and is defined as any kind of systematic divergence from accurate facts during observation and the recording of data and information in studies. The definition can be further expanded upon to include the systematic difference between what is observed due to variation in observers, and what the true value is. Observer bias is the tendency of observers to not see what is there, but instead to see what they expect or want to see. This is a common occurrence in the everyday lives of many and is a significant problem that is sometimes encountered in scientific research and studies. Observation is critical to scientific research and activity, and as such, observer bias may be as well. When such biases exist, scientific studies can result in an over- or underestimation of what is true and accurate, which compromises the validity of the findings and results of the study, even if all other designs and procedures in the study were appropriate. Observational data forms the foundation of a significant body of knowledge. Observation is a method of data collection and falls into the category of qualitative research techniques. There are a number of benefits of observation, including its simplicity as a data collection method and its usefulness for hypotheses. Simultaneously, there are many limitations and disadvantages in the observation process, including the potential lack of reliability, poor validity, and faulty perception. Participants’ observations are widely used in sociological and anthropological studies, while systematic observation is used where researchers need to collect data without participants direct interactions. The most common observation method is naturalistic observation, where subjects are observed in their natural environments with the goal to assess the behaviour in an intervention free and natural setting. Observer bias is especially probable when the investigator or researcher has vested interests in the outcome of the research or has strong preconceptions. Coupled with ambiguous underlying data and a subjective scoring method, these three factors contribute heavily to the incidence of observer bias. Examples of cognitive biases include: Anchoring – a cognitive bias that causes humans to place too much reliance on the initial pieces of information they are provided with for a topic. This causes a skew in judgement and prevents humans and observers from updating their plans and predictions as appropriate. Bandwagon effect – the tendency for people to “jump on the bandwagon” with certain behaviours and attitudes, meaning that they adopt particular ways of doings things based on what others are doing. Bias blind spot – the tendency for people to recognize the impact of bias on others and their judgements, while simultaneously failing to acknowledge and recognize the impact that their own biases have on their own judgement. Confirmation bias – the tendency for people to look for, interpret, and recall information in such a way that their preconceived beliefs and values are affirmed. Guilt and innocence by association bias – the tendency for people to hold an assumption that individuals within a group share similar characteristics and behaviours, including those that would hail them as innocent or guilty. Halo effect – the tendency for the positive impressions and beliefs in one area around a person, brand, company, product or the like to influence an observers opinions or feelings in other unrelated areas. Framing effect – the tendency for people to form conclusions and opinions based on whether the pertinent relevant is provided to them with positive or negative connotations. Recency effect – the tendency for more recent pieces of information, ideas, or arguments to be remembered more clearly than those that preceded.",closed_qa "Who was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, and which prizes did she win?",,Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. She won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911.,open_qa "From the passage provided, what is the name of the group that the player character is a part of?","Elden Ring takes place in the Lands Between, a fictional landmass ruled over by several demigods. It was previously ruled over by the immortal Queen Marika, who acted as keeper of the Elden Ring, a powerful force that manifested as the physical concept of order. When Marika eventually shattered the Elden Ring and disappeared, her demigod children began warring over pieces of the Ring in an event called the Shattering. Each demigod possesses a shard of the Ring called a Great Rune, which corrupts them with power. In the game, the player character is a Tarnished, one of a group of exiles from the Lands Between who are summoned back after the Shattering. As one of the Tarnished, the player must traverse the realm to repair the Elden Ring and become the Elden Lord.",The player character is a Tarnished.,information_extraction What is the highest score possible in ten pin bowling?,,The highest possible score in ten pin bowling is 300.,open_qa What are the key terms in probability,"Probability theory is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability. Although there are several different probability interpretations, probability theory treats the concept in a rigorous mathematical manner by expressing it through a set of axioms. Typically these axioms formalise probability in terms of a probability space, which assigns a measure taking values between 0 and 1, termed the probability measure, to a set of outcomes called the sample space. Any specified subset of the sample space is called an event. Central subjects in probability theory include discrete and continuous random variables, probability distributions, and stochastic processes (which provide mathematical abstractions of non-deterministic or uncertain processes or measured quantities that may either be single occurrences or evolve over time in a random fashion). Although it is not possible to perfectly predict random events, much can be said about their behavior. Two major results in probability theory describing such behaviour are the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem.","Probability Random variable Discrete random variable Continuous random variable Probability distributions Law of large numbers Central Limit theorem",information_extraction Give me a list of some preparations in which stracchino cheese is used/,"Stracchino is usually eaten on its own but also as a filling for some kinds of bread: in Recco, on the Ligurian riviera east of Genoa, focaccia col formaggio (""cheese focaccia"") or focaccia di Recco is typically filled with crescenza, while in Romagna and in parts of some nearby regions (e.g. northern Marche, Umbria and eastern Tuscany) it is a common filling for the cascione which is made out of piadina, a thin flat bread.","- eaten on its own - focaccia col formaggio - cascione, which is made out of a thin flat bread called piadina filled with stracchino cheese",summarization How to make a dated home look modern?,,"1) Repaint your walls with a neutral color. 2) Install a peel and stick modern backsplash in your kitchen 3) Use peel and stick vinyl flooring on bathroom 4) Paint your kitchen cabinets lighter color 5) Change hardware on cabinets 6) Install Modern light fixtures",brainstorming What type of music are you into?,,"I'm into a variety of genres of music, such as rock, pop, hip-hop, alternative, electronic, and country.",brainstorming "How many full-length ""The X-Files"" movies are there?",,"Two: ""The X-Files: Fight the Future"" and ""The X-Files: I Want to Believe""",open_qa "In Africa, were cattle domesticated before or after agriculture?","The domestication of cattle in Africa preceded agriculture and seems to have existed alongside hunter-gatherer cultures. It is speculated that by 6000 BCE, cattle were domesticated in North Africa. In the Sahara-Nile complex, people domesticated many animals, including the donkey and a small screw-horned goat which was common from Algeria to Nubia. Between 10,000 and 9,000 BCE, pottery was independently invented in the region of Mali in the savannah of West Africa. In the steppes and savannahs of the Sahara and Sahel in Northern West Africa, people possibly ancestral to modern Nilo-Saharan and Mandé cultures started to collect wild millet, around 8000 to 6000 BCE. Later, gourds, watermelons, castor beans, and cotton were also collected. Sorghum was first domesticated in Eastern Sudan around 4000 BCE, in one of the earliest instances of agriculture in human history. Its cultivation would gradually spread across Africa, before spreading to India around 2000 BCE.","In Africa, cattle were domesticated before agriculture.",closed_qa International Booker Prize 2021 was given to,,At night all blood is black,open_qa What is the largest city in North America?,,The largest city in North America by population is Mexico City.,open_qa What is impala?,,The impala or rooibok is a medium-sized antelope found in eastern and southern Africa.,open_qa What are some things that we can do to help the environment?,,"- Minimize the use of plastics - Use public transport instead of personal vehicle - Carpooling - Buy only what you need - Buy products made of recycled materials - Recycle any plastics, glass or metals - Turn off and electrical appliance when not in use - Use reusable straws instead of plastic straws - Use energy efficient electrical appliance - Buy an electric car",brainstorming What is a Treasury Bond?,,"Treasury bonds (T-bonds) are government debt securities issued by the U.S. Federal government that have maturities greater than 20 years. T-bonds earn periodic interest until maturity, at which point the owner is also paid a par amount equal to the principal.",open_qa Write a leave letter to your teacher.,,"To, The Teacher Sir/Madam, This is to inform you that I will be going out of station for 3 days from to , to attend my sister's wedding celebrations. I request you to kindly consider this and grant me leave. Yours faithfully, XYZ",creative_writing how do you rate strength of tornado,,"There are several scales for rating the strength of tornadoes. The Fujita scale rates tornadoes by damage caused and has been replaced in some countries by the updated Enhanced Fujita Scale. An F0 or EF0 tornado, the weakest category, damages trees, but not substantial structures. An F5 or EF5 tornado, the strongest category, rips buildings off their foundations and can deform large skyscrapers. The similar TORRO scale ranges from T0 for extremely weak tornadoes to T11 for the most powerful known tornadoes. Doppler radar data, photogrammetry, and ground swirl patterns (trochoidal marks) may also be analyzed to determine intensity and assign a rating. source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado",open_qa Explain gravity,,"Gravity is a fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between all things with mass or energy. Gravity is the weakest of the four fundamental interactions namely the strong, weak, electromagnetic and gravity. However, it is the most significant interaction between objects at the macroscopic scale, and it determines the motion of planets, stars, galaxies, and even light. Gravity is most accurately described by the general theory of relativity that was proposed by Albert Einstein. The theory describes gravity not as a force, but as the curvature of spacetime, caused by the uneven distribution of mass, and causing masses to move along geodesic lines. However, for most applications, gravity is well approximated by Newton's law of universal gravitation, which describes gravity as a force causing any two bodies to be attracted toward each other, with magnitude proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.",open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Asian Elephant, Dire Wolf",,"Dire Wolf is extinct, Asian Elephant is alive.",classification What is the smallest state in the United States?,,"Rhode Island is the smallest state with 1,545 square miles. By comparison, the largest state is Alaska at 665,400 square miles. You could fit 430 Rhode Islands into one Alaska.",open_qa Write a bulleted list of the plants that grow around Stanwell-Fletcher Lake.,"Stanwell-Fletcher Lake is the largest lake on Somerset Island, the tenth-largest island of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The lake, along with most of Somerset Island, is located within the Qikiqtaaluk Region of the Canadian territory of Nunavut. The harsh tundral climate and minimal soil cover of the highlands surrounding the lake allows only a few types of plants to grow there, mostly lichens, mosses, and arctic willow. Vegetation is more prominent in the thermokarst lowlands to the north of the lake, which are dominated by sedges during the summer. The low-lying areas to the southeast of the lake, and the nearby Creswell Bay, host a Canadian Important Bird Area. The area supports large bird populations during the summer, especially breeding populations of various shorebirds. 13 shorebird species have been observed in the area, while 11 are known to breed there. These species includes the white-rumped sandpiper, red phalarope, black-bellied plover, sanderling, American golden plover, ruddy turnstone, Baird's sandpiper, buff-breasted sandpiper, pectoral sandpiper, semipalmated sandpiper, and red knot. Other birds with populations in the area include the snow goose, king eider, long-tailed duck, northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, and peregrine falcon. Stanwell-Fletcher Lake is also a large and important habitat for anadromous populations of arctic char, which spend summer in coastal areas including Creswell Bay and surrounding waters, but migrate via the Union River to in the lake before it freezes over. Fourhorn sculpin are also present within the lake.","* lichens * mosses * arctic willow",information_extraction When did google first start?,,"Google was founded on September 4, 1998. The first investor in Google was the Sun co-founder who wrote them their first check for $100,000. In the beginning they were just a search engine for internet browsing. As this gained popularity they have developed hundreds of other products used by billions of people and companies all over the world. Some technologies they produced after their initial launch that people use today are gmail, google workspaces, and google cloud platform.",open_qa "Given this reference text about the Hawaiian scale, how tall is a wave that is six foot Hawaiian?","Hawaiian scale is an expression of the height of a wind wave affecting water. It is the expression conventionally used by surfers in Hawaii and is also used in Australia and parts of South Africa. The expression, always given in feet, is a scaled figure corresponding to roughly half the actual measured or estimated height of a wave's face (trough to crest height). Thus, a ""3-foot"" wave is roughly six feet high (in actuality a height of ~1.8 m), i.e., head-high to a 6-foot (~180 cm) person; a ""2-foot"" wave is roughly four feet high (height of ~1.2 m), i.e., chest-high to such a person; and a ""6- to 8-foot"" wave would be 2 to approaching 3 times head-high to such a person (height of ~3.5 to 5 m). As wave height increases, however, so does the difficulty of judging that height, and as wave height approaches 20 feet (40 ft faces or 12 m height), the range of absolute wave heights corresponding to a given scaled expression tends to widen.",A wave that is six foot Hawaiian would be twelve feet tall from crest to trough,closed_qa Is endosymbiosis bad?,"Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont lives within the tissues of the other, either within the cells or extracellularly. Examples include diverse microbiomes: rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycetes, nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Frankia, which live in alder root nodules; single-celled algae inside reef-building corals; and bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to about 10%–15% of insects.[citation needed] In endosymbiosis, the host cell lacks some of the nutrients which the endosymbiont provides. As a result, the host favors endosymbiont's growth processes within itself by producing some specialized cells. These cells affect the genetic composition of the host in order to regulate the increasing population of the endosymbionts and ensure that these genetic changes are passed onto the offspring via vertical transmission (heredity).","No, endosymbiosis is a symbiotic relationship where the internal symbiont or the endosymbiont provides essential nutrients to the host. For example, a bacteria can provide necessary nutrients to an insect.",closed_qa Who are the three team managers that hold the record for the most appearances in the FIFA Club World Cup final?,"Pep Guardiola and Carlo Ancelotti are the only managers to have won three FIFA Club World Cups; Guardiola won twice with Barcelona and once with Bayern Munich, while Ancelotti was victorious once with Milan and twice with Real Madrid. Rafael Benítez, alongside Ancelotti and Guardiola, holds the record for the most appearances in the final, leading English clubs Liverpool and Chelsea, as well as Italian club Internazionale, to one final each. Lamine N'Diaye of Senegal in 2010, Faouzi Benzarti of Tunisia in 2013 and Masatada Ishii of Japan in 2016 were the only non-European and non-South American managers to have appeared in the final. The aforementioned three managers, as well as Zoran Mamić in 2018, Ricardo Ferretti in 2020 and Ramón Díaz in 2022, are the only ones to have led a club outside Europe and South America into the decisive match.","Rafael Benítez, Pep Guardiola, and Carlo Ancelotti hold the record for most appearances.",information_extraction What is the difference between the Scala Future onComplete and andThen functions?,,"Both `andThen` and `onComplete` allow you to observe the result of some future via a callback function. However, `andThen` can be chained, and unlike `onComplete`, it guarantees the order in which callback functions will be applied. In addition, the callback given to `andThen` may be a partial function, handling only a subset of outcomes (e.g., only `Success` or only `Failure`). Consider the following example using `andThen` and `map`: ``` def demoAndThen(fut: Future[Int]): Future[Int] = { fut.andThen { case Success(value) => println(s""andThen1: $value"") } .andThen { case Success(value) => println(s""andThen2: $value"") } .map { i => println(s""map: $i"") i } } ``` When `fut` completes successfully, ""andthen1: ..."", ""andThen2: ..."" and ""map: ..."" will be printed in that order. Consider the analogous example using `onComplete` and `map`: ``` def demoOnComplete(fut: Future[Int]): Future[Int] = { fut.onComplete { t: Try[Int] => println(s""onComplete1: $t"") } fut.onComplete { t: Try[Int] => println(s""onComplete2: $t"") } fut.map { i => println(s""map: $i"") i } } ``` In this case, when `fut` completes successfully, ""onComplete1: ..."", ""onComplete2: ..."" and ""map: ..."" will be printed in some unspecified order. Although `andThen` is chained, the callback function does not generally affect the outcome of the resulting `Future`. But be aware: if the callback throws some fatal errors, the resulting future will never complete.",open_qa Which fruits are most often candied fruit?,"Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators. Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating back to the fourth millennium BC in Mesopotamia, and is prized because of its sweet taste, nutritive value and long shelf life. Today, dried fruit consumption is widespread. Nearly half of the dried fruits sold are raisins, followed by dates, prunes, figs, apricots, peaches, apples, and pears. These are referred to as ""conventional"" or ""traditional"" dried fruits: fruits that have been dried in the sun or in heated wind tunnel dryers. Many fruits such as cranberries, blueberries, cherries, strawberries, and mango are infused with a sweetener (e.g. sucrose syrup) prior to drying. Some products sold as dried fruit, like papaya, kiwifruit and pineapple, are most often candied fruit. Dried fruits retain most of the nutritional value of fresh fruits. The specific nutrient content of the different dried fruits reflects their fresh counterpart and the processing method.","Papaya, kiwifruit and pineapple, are most often candied fruit.",information_extraction List a few interesting ways to make a plant based Alfredo sauce.,,"Some of the keys ways that can vegan-ize an Alfredo sauce are: 1. Use cauliflower: Blanching and making a purée of a cauliflower can make a silky smooth white sauce that can easily replace the daily based Alfredo. 2. Use Tofu: silken tofu can be blended to make a white Alfredo sauce. 3. Use Cashews: overnight soaked cashews can be blended to replace the dairy Alfredo with a plant based Alfredo 4. Use plant based milk: almond milk can replace dairy milk in the recipe of a traditional Alfredo sauce.",brainstorming How many toes do polydactyl cats have?,,Polydactyl cats can have more than five toes on each paw; a typical cat has five (four on its paw pad and a declaw). Polydactyl cats will have six or more toes on each paw.,open_qa "Given the reference text about the Spanish-American war, when and how did the war end?","The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba, leading to United States intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. The war led to the United States emerging predominant in the Caribbean region, and resulted in U.S. acquisition of Spain's Pacific possessions. It led to United States involvement in the Philippine Revolution and later to the Philippine–American War. The 19th century represented a clear decline for the Spanish Empire, while the United States went from becoming a newly founded country to being a medium regional power. In the Spanish case, the descent, which already came from previous centuries, accelerated first with the Napoleonic invasion, which in turn would cause the independence of a large part of the American colonies, and later political instability (pronouncements, revolutions, civil wars) bled the country socially and economically. The U.S., on the other hand, expanded economically throughout that century by purchasing territories such as Louisiana and Alaska, militarily by actions such as the Mexican–American War, and by receiving large numbers of immigrants. That process was interrupted only for a few years by the American Civil War and Reconstruction era. The main issue was Cuban independence. Revolts had been occurring for some years in Cuba against Spanish colonial rule. The United States backed these revolts upon entering the Spanish–American War. There had been war scares before, as in the Virginius Affair in 1873. But in the late 1890s, American public opinion swayed in support of the rebellion because of reports of concentration camps set up to control the populace. Yellow journalism exaggerated the atrocities to further increase public fervor and to sell more newspapers and magazines. The business community had just recovered from a deep depression and feared that a war would reverse the gains. Accordingly, most business interests lobbied vigorously against going to war. President William McKinley ignored the exaggerated news reporting and sought a peaceful settlement. Though not seeking a war, McKinley made preparations for readiness against one. He unsuccessfully sought accommodation with Spain on the issue of independence for Cuba. However, after the U.S. Navy armored cruiser Maine mysteriously exploded and sank in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898, political pressures pushed McKinley into a war that he had wished to avoid. As far as Spain was concerned, there was a nationalist agitation, in which the written press had a key influence, causing the Spanish government to not give in and abandon Cuba as it had abandoned Spanish Florida when faced with a troublesome colonial situation there, transferring it to the U.S. in 1821 in exchange for payment of Spanish debts. If the Spanish government had transferred Cuba it would have been seen as a betrayal by a part of Spanish society and there would probably have been a new revolution. So the government preferred to wage a lost war beforehand, rather than risk a revolution, opting for a ""controlled demolition"" to preserve the Restoration Regime. On April 20, 1898, McKinley signed a joint Congressional resolution demanding Spanish withdrawal and authorizing the President to use military force to help Cuba gain independence. In response, Spain severed diplomatic relations with the United States on April 21. On the same day, the United States Navy began a blockade of Cuba. Both sides declared war; neither had allies. The 10-week war was fought in both the Caribbean and the Pacific. As United States agitators for war well knew, United States naval power would prove decisive, allowing expeditionary forces to disembark in Cuba against a Spanish garrison already facing nationwide Cuban insurgent attacks and further devastated by yellow fever. The invaders obtained the surrender of Santiago de Cuba and Manila despite the good performance of some Spanish infantry units, and fierce fighting for positions such as El Caney and San Juan Hill. Madrid sued for peace after two Spanish squadrons were sunk in the battles of Santiago de Cuba and Manila Bay, and a third, more modern fleet was recalled home to protect the Spanish coasts. The war ended with the 1898 Treaty of Paris, negotiated on terms favorable to the United States. The treaty ceded ownership of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines from Spain to the United States and granted the United States temporary control of Cuba. The cession of the Philippines involved payment of $20 million ($650 million today) to Spain by the U.S. to cover infrastructure owned by Spain. The Spanish–American War brought an end to almost four centuries of Spanish presence in the Americas, Asia, and the Pacific. The defeat and loss of the Spanish Empire's last remnants was a profound shock to Spain's national psyche and provoked a thorough philosophical and artistic reevaluation of Spanish society known as the Generation of '98. The United States meanwhile not only became a major power, but also gained several island possessions spanning the globe, which provoked rancorous debate over the wisdom of expansionism.","The Spanish-American war ended on August 13, 1898 with the 1898 Treaty of Paris. The treaty ceded ownership of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines from Spain the to the United States.",closed_qa "Given the reference text below the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, how high was the mountain after the disaster?","In December 1631, Mount Vesuvius in Italy erupted. The eruption began on 16 December 1631 and culminated the day after. The Volcanic Explosivity Index was VEI-5, and it was a Plinian eruption that buried many villages under the resulting lava flows. It is estimated that between 4,000 people were killed by the eruption, making it the highest death toll for a volcanic disaster in the Mediterranean in the last 1800 years.[citation needed] The 1631 eruption was considered to be of minor proportions regarding its eruptive magnitude and erupted volumes compared to the AD 79 eruption, but the damage was not.[citation needed] By the 1631 eruption, the summit of Mount Vesuvius had been reduced by 450m, making its total height lower than that of Mount Somma.",Mount Vesuvius had a reduced summit by 450 meters.,closed_qa Who is the youngest driver to win a Formula 1 race?,Max Verstappen is the youngest winner of a Grand Prix; he was 18 years and 228 days old when he won the 2016 Spanish Grand Prix,"Max Verstappen is the youngest driver to win a F1 race with 18 years and 228 days old at the 2016 Spanish Grand Prix, during his first race at Red Bull Racing Team",closed_qa Why is the green card process so long and complex for people from India and China?,,"The US Immigration system issues Permanent Residence cards, also known as green cards, which lets people reside and work on a permanent basis in the United States. The number of green cards issued each year is fixed at 140000 and each country is capped with a 7% quota i.e. no more than 9800 green cards can be issued to residents of a single country. Since there are hundreds of thousands of people who come to work in the US from India and China every year, they have to wait several years before they become eligible for a green card. This long delay can disrupt the lives of these people since the work visa they have does not grant them permission to reside and work in the US on a permanent basis, and they may have to leave the US, along with their families, if their work visa expires.",open_qa Give me the top 5 golf equipment company names.,,"Titleist, Taylormade, Callaway, Ping, Cobra",brainstorming "Tell me if these are countries in the Americas or in Europe: Spain, Guyana, Peru, Netherlands, Belgium, Canada, French Guiana",,"Spain: Europe, Guyana: Americas, Peru: Americas, Netherlands: Europe, Belgium: Europe, Canada: Americas, French Guiana: Americas",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Janggu, Chapman Stick",,"Chapman Stick is string, Janggu is percussion.",classification Give a bullet point list of all the names mentioned in this included paragraph.,"When Mohammad inherited the newly born sultanate from his father Alauddin, the land was still infested with thieves and robbers. As such he spent the entire part of his reign in establishing law in his land. He ordered his governors to never give refuge to anyone who defied his authority. This campaign was successful and at the end of his reign,the land became peaceful and law abiding. He also sat on the takht-ē-firoza or The Turquoise throne which was gifted to him by Kapaya Nayaka.","- Mohammad - Alauddin - Kapaya Nayaka",information_extraction What are some tips for traveling with a toddler?,,"Toddlers are innately adventurous. They like to explore new things, places and people as it stimulates their brain. With some planning, traveling with a toddler can actually be hugely rewarding. They make memories and get exposed to different cultures, developing more empathy and learning language early on. Here are some tips for making travel easy with a toddler: 1. Carry light weight activities they are currently into. For example, sticker books, coloring or puzzles. 2. Carry a lovey in your backpack/hand luggage. 3. Carry a few of their night time reading books. 4. Keep energy snacks handy at all times. 5. Use a carrier if you are going to be outdoors. For example, hiking or trekking. 6. Book a morning flight if it is over 7-8 hours. Book a flight during their nap time if shorter than 7-8 hours. 7. Ask for an upgrade at the airport. 8. Make them walk at the airport instead of using a stroller, that way they will get tired and sleep in the plane.",creative_writing "What are some of the best camping locations in Ontario, Canada?",,"Some of the best places to camp in Ontario, Canada are: * Killbear provincial Park * Algonquin Provincial Park * Sleeping Giant Provincial Park * Killarney Provincial Park * Bruce Peninsula National Park * Grundy Lake Provincial Park * Bon Echo Provincial Park",brainstorming What is ADO connection?,,A connection that uses the ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) data access interface.,open_qa "What was the first name of the city that became Austin, Texas?","The first European settlers in the present-day Austin were a group of Spanish friars who arrived from East Texas in July 1730. They established three temporary missions, La Purísima Concepción, San Francisco de los Neches and San José de los Nazonis, on a site by the Colorado River, near Barton Springs. The friars found conditions undesirable and relocated to the San Antonio River within a year of their arrival. Following Mexico's Independence from Spain, Anglo-American settlers began to populate Texas and reached present-day Central Texas by the 1830s. The site where Austin is located was surveyed by Edward Burleson in 1838, calling it Waterloo. It was incorporated in January, 1839, only months before selection as the site of the new capital, ending its existence. Early Austin resident and chronicler Frank Brown says the first and only settler in 1838 was Jacob Harrell who may have been living there already. Living in a tent with his family, he later built a cabin and small stockade near the mouth of Shoal Creek. In its short lifespan of less than two years the population of Waterloo grew to only about twelve people made up of four families.",The site that became Austin was previously incorporated as Waterloo in 1839.,information_extraction Write an apology letter to my wife for eating the last of the Oreo cookies and drinking the last of the milk.,,"To my lovely wife, I am very sorry for consuming the last of our Oreos and Milk. I was not thinking of you or anyone else in the house when I decided to eat them but selfishly only thinking of my own hunger and needs. In the future, I promise to check with you and the kids prior to eating the last of any delicious treat or food. My most sincere apologies. From, Your loving Husband.",creative_writing How many episodes is Lost the TV series?,"Lost is an American science fiction drama television series created by Jeffrey Lieber, J. J. Abrams, and Damon Lindelof that aired on ABC from September 22, 2004, to May 23, 2010, over six seasons, comprising a total of 121 episodes. The show contains elements of supernatural fiction, and follows the survivors of a commercial jet airliner flying between Sydney and Los Angeles, after the plane crashes on a mysterious island somewhere in the South Pacific Ocean. Episodes typically feature a primary storyline set on the island, augmented by flashback or flashforward sequences which provide additional insight into the involved characters.",Lost has 6 seasons with 121 episodes.,summarization What is the name of the wine that can only be named for its specific growing location in France?,,"Champagne is the only type of wine that can use that name if it is grown and produced in Champagne, France.",open_qa What are the differences between acoustic guitars and classic guitars?,,"There are several differences between acoustic guitars and classic (nylon) guitars. 1) The strings in acoustic guitars are made of steel, but for a classic guitar they are made of nylon. 2) the second difference is in the sound and tone they are producing. The sound created by an acoustic guitar is more crisp and twangy as apposed to the one created by a classic guitar which is more mellow. 3) The third difference is in the shape and body. The neck of an classic guitar is wider.",open_qa What country did NIKStewart live during middle school?,"NIKStewart (who rebranded her name from Treveen Stewart) is a model from the Cayman Islands. In 2013, she was the first winner of the Caribbean's Next Top Model competition to come from the Cayman Islands. Born in Grand Cayman, Stewart moved to Jamaica in fifth grade and then returned to the Cayman Islands for high school. She won a regional modeling contest at 15 which allowed her to sign with a US modeling agency. In 2015, she landed a deal with Nike and works in New York and Chicago for them. Her other campaign work includes Fila, bMobile, Kohls and Rock & Republic.",NIKStewart lived in Jamaica during middle school (6th - 8th grade).,closed_qa How many continents are there on Earth?,,"There are seven continents on Earth, and they are from largest to smallest: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.",open_qa What are options for materials to build a house?,,"Depending on your geographic location, different materials will be available to you. Typical construction materials include brick, cement, concrete, gravel, steel and lumber. In the United States, it is very common to see houses built with lumber since this material is readily available, however in other regions in the world such as Europe and Latin America, it is very common to see use of brick, concrete and steel for a typical house.",brainstorming What should I do if my baby doesn't sleep in the night?,,"A few things you can check: 1, does your baby sleep a lot during the daytime? If so, you need to tell him/her when is daytime and when is night. Train him/her to sleep more during the night 2, Is your baby hungry? Baby will wake up if they are hungry. Make sure they have sufficient food before going to bed. 3, how is your baby's sleeping environment? Make sure the room temperature and humidity are good for sleep. Also, try to have a silent and dark environment for the baby to sleep.",brainstorming Provide a list of ingredients to fill a burrito with,"Burritos are filled with savory ingredients, most often a meat such as beef, chicken, or pork, and often include other ingredients, such as rice, cooked beans (either whole or refried), vegetables, such as lettuce and tomatoes, cheese, and condiments such as salsa, pico de gallo, guacamole, or crema. Burritos are often contrasted with similar dishes, such as tacos, in which a small hand-sized tortilla is folded in half around the ingredients rather than wrapped and sealed, or with enchiladas, which use corn masa tortillas, and are covered in a savory sauce, to be eaten with a fork and knife.","I’d fill a burrito with chicken, rice, refried beans, lettuce, tomatoes, and guacamole.",information_extraction Give me three spicy authentic Chinese food dishes,,"There are many spicy Chinese food out there, among those the following are the local favorite dishes. 1. Chongqing Spicy Chicken 2. Kung Pao Chicken 3. Fish-Flavored Shredded Pork",brainstorming Did Trump lose the 2020 presidential election?,"Trump lost the 2020 presidential election to Joe Biden but refused to concede defeat, falsely claiming widespread electoral fraud and attempting to overturn the results by pressuring government officials, mounting scores of unsuccessful legal challenges, and obstructing the presidential transition. On January 6, 2021, Trump urged his supporters to march to the U.S. Capitol, which many of them then attacked, resulting in multiple deaths and interrupting the electoral vote count.","Yes. Trump lost the 2020 presidential election, but refused to concede defeat. He furthermore urged his supporters to commit insurrection and attack the U.S. Capitol on January 6th 2021.",summarization "Write a letter to a dog, from the perspective of a cat named Mittens, outlining some grievances that the cat has regarding their current living situation. The cat should be hostile toward the dog, and the letter should be written from the perspective that the cat thinks the dog is an idiot.",,"Dear Drooling Moron, I write to you today to express my discontent (that means unhappiness) regarding our current living situation. You may or may not have noticed, considering your obliviousness to anything that isn’t food related, that you actually live in a house with other animals. Now this may come as a shock to you, but I really don’t appreciate the messes you leave around the house, the constant barking at random things outside, your lack of personal hygiene, and just your overall presence in general. To put it into terms you can understand: You’re messy, you’re loud, you stink, and I want you out of the house. Now I can appreciate that this may come as a surprise to you. From my perspective you appear to be oblivious to your surroundings and your memory is atrocious, for example you bark at the mailman every day, despite him clearly being no threat to anyone. So I can understand if you’re surprised by the revelation that I don’t like you, and I want you to go away. You certainly haven’t clued in every time you’ve assaulted me with your disgusting wet nose and horrendous breath despite my clearly negative reaction. So I would like to spell things out to you in as simple terms as possible. I want you gone by tomorrow. Anything less is unacceptable and will result in an escalation on my part to ensure your life in this house is as intolerable for you as you’ve made it for me. I have lived here longer than you, you have invaded my home, therefore the impetus is on you to leave. I will not be sad to see you go, and I hope to never see you again, but nevertheless wish you well on your journey. Sincerely, Mittens the Cat",creative_writing How is education in Singapore,"Education in Singapore is managed by the Ministry of Education (MOE). It controls the development and administration of state schools receiving taxpayers' funding, but also has an advisory and supervisory role in respect of private schools. For both private and state schools, there are variations in the extent of autonomy in their curriculum, scope of taxpayers' aid and funding, tuition burden on the students, and admission policy.","Education spending usually makes up about 20 per cent of the annual national budget, which subsidises state education and government-assisted private education for Singaporean citizens and funds the Edusave programme. Non-citizens bear significantly higher costs of educating their children in Singapore government and government-aided schools. In 2000, the Compulsory Education Act codified compulsory education for children of primary school age (excepting those with disabilities), and made it a criminal offence for parents to fail to enroll their children in school and ensure their regular attendance. Exemptions are allowed for homeschooling or full-time religious institutions, but parents must apply for exemption from the Ministry of Education and meet a minimum benchmark. The main language of instruction in Singapore is English, which was officially designated the first language within the local education system in 1987. English is the first language learned by half the children by the time they reach preschool age and becomes the primary medium of instruction by the time they reach primary school. Although Malay, Mandarin and Tamil are also official languages, English is the language of instruction for nearly all subjects except the official Mother Tongue languages and the literatures of those languages; these are generally not taught in English, although there is provision for the use of English at the initial stages. Certain schools, such as secondary schools under the Special Assistance Plan (SAP), encourage a richer use of the mother tongue and may occasionally teach subjects in Mandarin Chinese. Singapore's education system has been consistently ranked as one of the highest in the world by the OECD. It is believed that this comes from the style of teaching that is implemented in Singapore. Teachers focus on making sure that each of their students thoroughly move through the syllabus before moving on. By doing this teachers in Singapore teach a much more narrow but deeper type of instruction. Furthermore, it has been described as ""world-leading"" and in 2010 was among those picked out for commendation by the Conservative former UK Education Secretary Michael Gove. According to PISA, an influential worldwide study on educational systems, Singapore has the highest performance in international education and tops in global rankings. In 2020, Singaporean students made up half of the perfect scorers in the International Baccalaureate (IB) examinations worldwide.",information_extraction How many judges did President Trump apoint?,"Trump ordered a travel ban on citizens from several Muslim-majority countries, diverted military funding towards building a wall on the U.S.–Mexico border, and implemented a policy of family separations for apprehended migrants. He rolled back more than 100 environmental policies and regulations in an aggressive attempt to weaken environmental protections. Trump signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which cut taxes for individuals and businesses and rescinded the individual health insurance mandate penalty of the Affordable Care Act. He appointed 54 federal appellate judges and three U.S. Supreme Court justices. Trump initiated a trade war with China and withdrew the U.S. from the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement, the Paris Agreement on climate change, and the Iran nuclear deal. Trump met with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un three times, but made no progress on denuclearization. He reacted slowly to the COVID-19 pandemic, ignored or contradicted many recommendations from health officials in his messaging, and promoted misinformation about unproven treatments and the need for testing.","He appointed 57 judges, 54 federal appellate judges and three U.S. Supreme Court justices.",closed_qa Write a short paragraph about why you should not have both a pet cat and a pet bird.,,"Having both a pet bird and a pet cat is not a good idea because cats will try to hunt birds, which are naturally the prey of cats. This hunting instinct is completely normal, and it isn't fair to the cat to try to train it not to attack birds, as it is simply in its nature to do so. However, letting a cat hunt your pet bird is similarly not humane, as it will be very stressful to the bird and could lead to the bird being injured. Larger birds are also not a good idea, as the bird could cause injury to the cat if the cat tries to attack it. Overall, it just isn't a good idea to have both cats and birds, since they tend not to coexist well, and pet owners should just pick one species to have.",creative_writing What are some common types of winter squash for cooking?,,"Winter squash is defined as the fruit of a squash plant that grows with a hard outer shell. Common types of winter squash used in cooking are pumpkin, butternut squash, acorn squash, kabocha squash, spaghetti squash, and delicata squash.",brainstorming Who are some students at Hogwarts in Gryffindor house that were in the same year as Harry Potter?,,"Hogwarts is the fictitious school in the Harry Potter book series. The books mentions several students in Harry Potter's year from the Gryffindor house, such as Dean Thomas, Seamus Finnigan, Neville Longbottom, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger.",brainstorming What was the former name of The Washington Commanders football team?,"The Washington Commanders are a professional American football team based in the Washington metropolitan area. Formerly known as the Washington Redskins, the team competes in the National Football League (NFL) as a member of the National Football Conference (NFC) East division. The team plays its home games at FedExField in Landover, Maryland; its headquarters and training facility are in Ashburn, Virginia. The team has played more than 1,000 games and is one of only five in the NFL with more than 600 total wins. Washington was among the first NFL franchises with a fight song, ""Hail to the Commanders"", which is played by their marching band after every touchdown scored by the team at home. The franchise is valued by Forbes at US$5.6 billion, making them the league's sixth-most valuable team as of 2022.","The Washington Commanders was formally known as The Washington Redskins, the team competes in the National Football League (NFL) as a member of the National Football Conference (NFC) East division.",information_extraction "Given this reference text about a video game, when was Donkey Kong released?","Nintendo was founded in 1889 as Nintendo Karuta by craftsman Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards. After venturing into various lines of business during the 1960s and acquiring a legal status as a public company, Nintendo distributed its first console, the Color TV-Game, in 1977. It gained international recognition with the release of Donkey Kong in 1981 and the Nintendo Entertainment System and Super Mario Bros. in 1985.",1981,closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Escolar or Escobar,,Escolar,classification What is a casual hobby that would be fun to get into?,,"There are many great answers, and what is most fun for you depends on what your interests are. For instance, if you enjoy running and spending time with others, a good hobby that combines these interests could be ultimate frisbee. Ultimate frisbee involves a lot of running as well as teamwork and strategy to score points during games! It can also be played casually with friends without needing much experience beforehand.",creative_writing Who was the Father of Elizabeth II ?,,King George VI,open_qa From the passage identify the usage of Limestone. Display the results in a numbered list format.,"Limestone (calcium carbonate CaCO3) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of CaCO3. Limestone forms when these minerals precipitate out of water containing dissolved calcium. This can take place through both biological and nonbiological processes, though biological processes, such as the accumulation of corals and shells in the sea, have likely been more important for the last 540 million years. Limestone often contains fossils which provide scientists with information on ancient environments and on the evolution of life.About 20% to 25% of sedimentary rock is carbonate rock, and most of this is limestone. The remaining carbonate rock is mostly dolomite, a closely related rock, which contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite, CaMg(CO3)2. Magnesian limestone is an obsolete and poorly-defined term used variously for dolomite, for limestone containing significant dolomite (dolomitic limestone), or for any other limestone containing a significant percentage of magnesium. Most limestone was formed in shallow marine environments, such as continental shelves or platforms, though smaller amounts were formed in many other environments. Much dolomite is secondary dolomite, formed by chemical alteration of limestone. Limestone is exposed over large regions of the Earth's surface, and because limestone is slightly soluble in rainwater, these exposures often are eroded to become karst landscapes. Most cave systems are found in limestone bedrock.Limestone has numerous uses: as a chemical feedstock for the production of lime used for cement (an essential component of concrete), as aggregate for the base of roads, as white pigment or filler in products such as toothpaste or paints, as a soil conditioner, and as a popular decorative addition to rock gardens. Limestone formations contain about 30% of the world's petroleum reservoirs.","1. as a chemical feedstock for the production of lime used for cement (an essential component of concrete) 2. as aggregate for the base of roads 3. as white pigment or filler in products such as toothpaste or paints 4. as a soil conditioner 5. as a popular decorative addition to rock gardens",information_extraction "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Gehu, Venu",,"Venu is woodwind, Gehu is string.",classification How do you cook ribs?,,"1. Spread French's mustard all over the ribs 2. Season ribs top and bottom liberally with the rub. Seriously don't be shy. 3. Place ribs on a smoker at 225 for 2-3 hours (oak). 4. In a bowl mix one cup of honey, brown sugar, a table spoon of apple cider vinegar, Mix together and Drizzle in the middle of the foil, place ribs top side down in the foil. Wrap tight. 5. Return to the smoke for another 1.5-2 hours or until tender but not 'falling off the bone' 6. In a sauce pan add a bottle of your favorite BBQ sauce, one cup of apple jelly, one finely shredded apple, and one tsp of rib rub. 7. Pull them out of the foil, season again with rub. 8. Top with BBQ sauce with apple and apple jelly. 9. Put the ribs back on the pit for 30 minutes for the sauce to set-up. Ingredients: · Three racks of pork ribs · Rib rub · French’s mustard · Honey · Brown sugar · Apple cider vinegar · KC Masterpiece BBQ sauce · Apple jelly · One finely shredded apple",open_qa Give me a list of the best right point breaks in Southern California,,"Rincon, Malibu, Trestles",brainstorming "Given this paragraph about Saffron, where does this name originally come from?","A degree of uncertainty surrounds the origin of the English word ""saffron"". It might stem from the 12th-century Old French term safran, which comes from the Latin word safranum, from the Arabic (زَعْفَرَان), za'farān, which comes from the Persian word zarparan meaning ""gold strung"" (implying either the golden stamens of the flower or the golden color it creates when used as flavor).",It comes from the Persian word zarparan,closed_qa Tell me a story in a few sentences about food and how a few short words can make someone hungry,,"Driving past the Farmer's Market Café on the Al in Suffolk, England, I saw a sign outside that read, in huge letters, Ham Hock Hash. Nothing else. No other food, no opening times, nothing. Just three little words that launched a thousand U-turns.",creative_writing What is heavier? A pound of feathers or a pound of iron?,,A pound of feathers and a pound of iron both weigh the same.,open_qa "tell me the category for these movies ""Star Trek, Star Wars, John Wick, Indiana Jones""",,"Star Trek and Star wars are sci-fi movies. John Wick is an action movie, while Indiana Jones is an adventure genre.",classification Can you tell me something interesting about Bald Head Island?,,"Bald Head Island is a small island located at the mouth of the cape fear river just south of Wilmington, North Carolina. The island is a popular vacation destination. Two unique aspects of the island are that the island is only accessible via ferry from Southport, North Carolina, and that all visitors and residents use electric golf carts to move throughout the island. While the island is a popular tourist destination, there are no resorts on the island. If you wish to spend your vacation here you can rent one of the many island vacation homes. While on Bald Head Island, make use of the many walking and bike trails and visit one of the quaint restaurants and shops.",creative_writing "Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: RAM, FAW",,"RAM is American, FAW is Chinese",classification Which is longest road or highway or motorway in the world,"This article lists the world's longest road routes that are either officially numbered or otherwise known under a single name. Some of the roads may still be partially planned or under construction. Pan-American Highway 30,000 km (19,000 mi) Americas Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, United States United States Puerto Montt or Quellón, Chile Chile or Ushuaia, Argentina Argentina Longest road according to the Guinness Book of Records. Incomplete at the Darién Gap, causing the northern and southern segments to be actually long about 11,500 and 9,600 km.","the longest road in the world is in Americas. The longest road is a highway called Pan American highway. It spans 30000 Kilometers or 19000 miles. It starts from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska in United states and ends at Puerto Montt or Quellón, Chile Chile or Ushuaia, Argentina Argentina The pan american highway is registered as longest road in the world in guiness book of world records There are also other categories of longest road in the worlds like Asian highway which starts in Kapıkule, Turkey and ends in Tokyo, Japan. Asian highway is longest uninterrupted highway in the world. Length of the asian highway is 20557 Kilometers or 12774 miles Longest road within the single country is in Australia. The name of the road is Highway 1. This is loop road and legnth of the highway is 14500 Kilometers or 9000 miles",closed_qa How to get entrance to Istanbul from US?,,"To travel to Istanbul, Turkey, from the US, you will need an e-visa, even for a US citizen. Turkey is not a Schengen country. To obtain the e-visa, visit https://www.evisa.gov.tr/en/, and fill out your personal information, including the expected entry date. You will then pay $50 per visa on the website. At the end of the process, it will get a download link for the e-visa pdf file, so you can print it out.",creative_writing How can you make a science fair volcano?,,"A simple way to create a volcano for a science fair is to use the reaction of baking soda and vinegar colored with red food dye. When combined, these two chemicals will fizz and bubble in a safe but visually appealing reaction.",open_qa "Tell me if these are examples of fine art mediums: painting, sculpture, architecture, music, poetry",,"Yes, traditionally the mediums of painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and poetry are all examples of fine art. In modern times, the categorization of fine arts also includes film, video, and photography.",classification Where was the first capital of Alaska?,,"Alaska's first capital was in Sitka, following the transfer of the Alaska territory from Russia to the United States in 1867, and remained the capital until 1906 when it transferred to Juneau.",open_qa "Given a reference text about Apple, what tactics did Steve Jobs use to help the company recover?","Apple was founded as Apple Computer Company on April 1, 1976, by Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs and Ronald Wayne to develop and sell Wozniak's Apple I personal computer. It was incorporated by Jobs and Wozniak as Apple Computer, Inc. in 1977. The company's second computer, the Apple II, became a best seller and one of the first mass-produced microcomputers. Apple went public in 1980 to instant financial success. The company developed computers featuring innovative graphical user interfaces, including the 1984 original Macintosh, announced that year in a critically acclaimed advertisement. By 1985, the high cost of its products, and power struggles between executives, caused problems. Wozniak stepped back from Apple amicably and pursued other ventures, while Jobs resigned bitterly and founded NeXT, taking some Apple employees with him. As the market for personal computers expanded and evolved throughout the 1990s, Apple lost considerable market share to the lower-priced duopoly of the Microsoft Windows operating system on Intel-powered PC clones (also known as ""Wintel""). In 1997, weeks away from bankruptcy, the company bought NeXT to resolve Apple's unsuccessful operating system strategy and entice Jobs back to the company. Over the next decade, Jobs guided Apple back to profitability through a number of tactics including introducing the iMac, iPod, iPhone and iPad to critical acclaim, launching the ""Think different"" campaign and other memorable advertising campaigns, opening the Apple Store retail chain, and acquiring numerous companies to broaden the company's product portfolio. When Jobs resigned in 2011 for health reasons, and died two months later, he was succeeded as CEO by Tim Cook.","Steve Jobs launched multiple products such as the iPod and iPhone, opened the Apple Store retail chain, and performed numerous acquisitions to bring Apple back to profitability.",closed_qa What Are Qualified Expenses for approved Use of 529 accounts?,,"This is not an exhaustive list of qualified expenses, and rules for some of these expenses can be more complicated than others. You can always review the IRS 529 plan guidelines or your 529 plan for more specific information. Tuition and Fees Books and Supplies Computers, Software and Internet Access Room and Board Special Needs Equipment Student Loans Study Abroad",brainstorming What is the value of x if x^2 = 4?,,"The value of x is either 2 or -2. This is because the square of both those numbers is 4 as shown below: 2 * 2 = 4 -2 * -2 = 4",open_qa "Tell me whether these are assets or liabilities: Cash, Accounts Receivables, Deferred Commissions, Prepaid Expenses, Long-term Investments, Property Plant & Equipment, Operating lease right-of-use assets, Goodwill, Intangible Assets, Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses, Operating Lease Liabilities, Deferred Revenue",,"Assets: Cash, Accounts Receivables, Deferred Commissions, Prepaid Expenses, Long-term Investments, Property Plant & Equipment, Operating lease right-of-use assets, Goodwill, Intangible Assets Liabilities: Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses, Operating Lease Liabilities, Deferred Revenue",classification "Given a reference text about True Corporation Public Company Limited, tell me what country it's in and how it was formed.","True Corporation Public Company Limited (TRUE) (Formerly: True Corporation Public Company Limited and Total Access Communication Public Company Limited) is a communications conglomerate in Thailand. It is a joint venture between Charoen Pokphand Group and Telenor, formed by the merger between the original True Corporation and DTAC in the form of equal partnership to create a new telecommunications company that can fully meet the needs of the digital age. True controls Thailand's largest cable TV provider, TrueVisions, Thailand's largest internet service provider True Online,[citation needed] Thailand's largest mobile operators, TrueMove H and DTAC TriNet, which is second and third only to AIS. and entertainment media including television, internet, online games, and mobile phones under the True Digital brand. As of August 2014, True, along with True Telecommunications Growth Infrastructure Fund, had a combined market capitalization of US$10 billion.[citation needed] TrueMove is also a partner of Vodafone Group. Charoen Pokphand Group and Telenor hold equal ownership of 30% of True's shares as of March 2023. It operates fixed-line (as a concessionaire of NT (formerly known as TOT)), wireless, cable TV, IPTV and broadband services.",True Corporation Public Company Limited is located in Thailand and was formed by the original True Corporation merging with DTAC.,closed_qa Which river can you hike in Utah?,"Hiking The Narrows is arguably the quintessential Zion experience. The Narrows can be hiked either as a top-down through-hike from Chamberlain Ranch to the Temple of Sinawava, or as an up-and-back bottom-up hike from the Temple of Sinawava. Hiking is done largely in the river as, for a third of the route, the river runs canyon wall to canyon wall. Water levels change from season to season; most hikers will wade at least waist-deep and many will swim a few short sections. The Narrows is the narrowest section of Zion Canyon in Zion National Park, Utah, United States.",The Narrows at Zion National Park,closed_qa "What is Houston, Texas, known for?",,"Houston, Texas, is the 4th largest city in the United States. It is also one of the most diverse cities in America, with a minority majority and large population of immigrants. It is a culinary capital in the south. Houston, Texas, has a distinct art scene and food culture. Beyonce Knowles and Travis Scott are two very well-known artists from Houston. Viet-cajun cuisine is one of Houston's landmark cuisines.",open_qa What are some signs and symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes?,,"The classic symptoms of diabetes are frequent urination (polyuria), increased thirst (polydipsia), increased hunger (polyphagia), and weight loss. Other symptoms that are commonly present at diagnosis include a history of blurred vision, itchiness, peripheral neuropathy, recurrent vaginal infections, and fatigue. Other symptoms may include loss of taste. Many people, however, have no symptoms during the first few years and are diagnosed on routine testing. A small number of people with type 2 diabetes can develop a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (a condition of very high blood sugar associated with a decreased level of consciousness and low blood pressure).",open_qa Who was the 27th president of the United States of America?,,William Howard Taft was the 27th president of the United States from 1909 to 1913.,open_qa How to bake the perfect flourless cheesecake?,,"1. Assemble the following ingredients: 500 gm quark, mascarpone cheese 250gm (alternatively cream cheese 420gm and heavy cream 200gm), 3 eggs, 2 egg yolks, 50gm sugar, lemon juice 10gm (2 teaspoons). Make sure that all ingredients are at room temperature. 2. Crack the eggs and whisk them until they form a smooth mixture. Don't overdo it. 3. In a mixing bowl, add the quark, mascarpone cheese and sugar. Mix till it is well incorporated. Then gradually add the whisked eggs. 4. Whisk the mixture while adding the lemon juice. You may add a flavouring essence of your choice, such as vanilla. Blend everything well. 5. Preheat the oven at 210 degree Celsius. 6. Apply butter on the inner sides and bottom of the baking tin and stick butter paper or baking paper to cover all inner surfaces. 7. Pour the batter prepared in step 4 into the baking tin and put the tin in the preheated oven 8. Bake for 20-25 minutes until the top of the cheesecake is burnt to a shade of brown. 9. Remove the baking tin from the oven and let it cool down in open air 10. Once cooled, chill the cheesecake in the fridge overnight for then best taste and texture. However it can also be enjoyed without refrigerating.",brainstorming How many strings are on a guitar?,,"Standard guitars contain 6 strings: (high) E, B, G, D, A, and (low) E are the notes associated with the 6 strings.",open_qa How is the weather in India?,,"India being very near to the equator has a good balance in weather with day and night almost 12 hours throughout the day. With a very large coastline in the south and Himalayan mountains to the north, India experience hotter summers and colder winters as well, and gets extreme in some parts of the country",open_qa What are some tricks to learning a new language?,,"Learning a new language can be a great challenge. Here are some tips to help you learn a new language: 1. Turn on Netflix subtitles or dubbing. You'll hear and read how people actually talk, including slang. 2. Join an online chat group for other people learning your language or find someone in your community to practice speaking with. 3. Use flash cards to common words and phrases. 4. Listen to radio or podcasts in your new language.",brainstorming Describe ways to deal with naughty kids as a parent,,"Well, there is no 1 exact rule that applies to all, there are many things which impact how a kid behaves. But one of the main things to remember is kids learn more by observation than when it's told to them. As a parent, an important thing to remember would be to practice what you preach. Usually, we put restrictions on screen time for kids, but remember even we are answerable to them when we spend too much time on gadgets than with people around us. We expect kids to respect us, so the same holds good for us, try to behave with them the way you to see them behave with you. Try to dedicate a few hours to spend time with them, remember it's the quality and not the quantity that matters here. Try not to correct them for everything they do, and try to set a boundary on things you can let go of. It's not a kid's job to deal with kids after all so you need to have some patience to understand them and then try to be understood.",creative_writing "What are the four seasons, and what month does each season start in New York City?",,"The four seasons are Winter, Spring, Summer and Fall. Winter starts in December, Spring in March, Summer in June and Fall in September",open_qa "Given a reference text about Isabel Emily Jay, tell me where she studied and how old she was when she retired.","Isabel Emily Jay (17 October 1879 – 26 February 1927) was an English opera singer and actress, best known for her performances in soprano roles of the Savoy Operas with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company and in Edwardian musical comedies. During Jay's career, picture postcards were immensely popular, and Jay was photographed for over 400 different postcards. After studying at the Royal Academy of Music, Jay joined the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company in 1897, with whom she began singing principal roles immediately, becoming the company's leading soprano in 1899, where she played leading roles in comic operas including The Rose of Persia, The Pirates of Penzance, Patience, The Emerald Isle and Iolanthe. She married and left the company in 1902. She returned to the West End stage in 1903 and starred in eleven musicals over the ensuing years, including A Country Girl, The Cingalee, Véronique, The White Chrysanthemum, The Girl Behind the Counter, Miss Hook of Holland, King of Cadonia and The Balkan Princess. She retired in 1911 at age 31.",Isabel Emily Jay studied at the Royal Academy of Music and retired at 31 years old.,closed_qa "Given a reference text about GDPR, tell me how GDPR helps to secure personal data.","The General Data Protection Regulation (2016/679, ""GDPR"") is a Regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy in the EU and the European Economic Area (EEA). The GDPR is an important component of EU privacy law and of human rights law, in particular Article 8(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. It also addresses the transfer of personal data outside the EU and EEA areas. The GDPR's primary aim is to enhance individuals' control and rights over their personal data and to simplify the regulatory environment for international business. Superseding the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC, the regulation contains provisions and requirements related to the processing of personal data of individuals, formally called ""data subjects"", who are located in the EEA, and applies to any enterprise—regardless of its location and the data subjects' citizenship or residence—that is processing the personal information of individuals inside the EEA. The GDPR was adopted on 14 April 2016 and became enforceable beginning 25 May 2018. As the GDPR is a regulation, not a directive, it is directly binding and applicable, and provides flexibility for certain aspects of the regulation to be adjusted by individual member states. According to the European Commission, ""Personal data is information that relates to an identified or identifiable individual. If you cannot directly identify an individual from that information, then you need to consider whether the individual is still identifiable. You should take into account the information you are processing together with all the means reasonably likely to be used by either you or any other person to identify that individual."" The precise definitions of terms such as ""personal data"", ""processing"", ""data subject"", ""controller"", and ""processor"" are stated in Article 4 of the Regulation. Principles Personal data may not be processed unless there is at least one legal basis to do so. Article 6 states the lawful purposes are: (a) If the data subject has given consent to the processing of his or her personal data; (b) To fulfill contractual obligations with a data subject, or for tasks at the request of a data subject who is in the process of entering into a contract; (c) To comply with a data controller's legal obligations; (d) To protect the vital interests of a data subject or another individual; (e) To perform a task in the public interest or in official authority; (f) For the legitimate interests of a data controller or a third party, unless these interests are overridden by interests of the data subject or her or his rights according to the Charter of Fundamental Rights (especially in the case of children). Security of personal data Controllers and processors of personal data must put in place appropriate technical and organizational measures to implement the data protection principles. Business processes that handle personal data must be designed and built with consideration of the principles and provide safeguards to protect data (for example, using pseudonymization or full anonymization where appropriate). Data controllers must design information systems with privacy in mind. For instance, using the highest-possible privacy settings by default, so that the datasets are not publicly available by default and cannot be used to identify a subject. No personal data may be processed unless this processing is done under one of the six lawful bases specified by the regulation (consent, contract, public task, vital interest, legitimate interest or legal requirement). When the processing is based on consent the data subject has the right to revoke it at any time. Article 33 states the data controller is under a legal obligation to notify the supervisory authority without undue delay unless the breach is unlikely to result in a risk to the rights and freedoms of the individuals. There is a maximum of 72 hours after becoming aware of the data breach to make the report. Individuals have to be notified if a high risk of an adverse impact is determined (Article 34). In addition, the data processor will have to notify the controller without undue delay after becoming aware of a personal data breach (Article 33). However, the notice to data subjects is not required if the data controller has implemented appropriate technical and organisational protection measures that render the personal data unintelligible to any person who is not authorised to access it, such as encryption (Article 34). Data protection officer Article 37 requires appointment of a data protection officer. If processing is carried out by a public authority (except for courts or independent judicial authorities when acting in their judicial capacity), or if processing operations involve regular and systematic monitoring of data subjects on a large scale, or if processing on a large scale of special categories of data and personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences (Articles 9 and Article 10) a data protection officer (DPO)—a person with expert knowledge of data protection law and practices—must be designated to assist the controller or processor in monitoring their internal compliance with the Regulation. A designated DPO can be a current member of staff of a controller or processor, or the role can be outsourced to an external person or agency through a service contract. In any case, the processing body must make sure that there is no conflict of interest in other roles or interests that a DPO may hold. The contact details for the DPO must be published by the processing organisation (for example, in a privacy notice) and registered with the supervisory authority. The DPO is similar to a compliance officer and is also expected to be proficient at managing IT processes, data security (including dealing with cyberattacks) and other critical business continuity issues associated with the holding and processing of personal and sensitive data. The skill set required stretches beyond understanding legal compliance with data protection laws and regulations. The DPO must maintain a living data inventory of all data collected and stored on behalf of the organization. More details on the function and the role of data protection officer were given on 13 December 2016 (revised 5 April 2017) in a guideline document. Organisations based outside the EU must also appoint an EU-based person as a representative and point of contact for their GDPR obligations (Article 27). This is a distinct role from a DPO, although there is overlap in responsibilities that suggest that this role can also be held by the designated DPO.","General Data Protection Regulation provides guidelines on storing and processing personal data. Personal data is any information about an identified or identifiable person, also known as the data subject. Personal data includes information such as their: name address ID card/passport number income cultural profile Internet Protocol (IP) address data held by a hospital or doctor (which uniquely identifies a person for health purposes). Special categories of data You may not process personal data about someone's: racial or ethnic origin sexual orientation political opinions religious or philosophical beliefs trade-union membership genetic, biometric or health data except in specific cases (e.g. when you've been given explicit consent or when processing is needed for reasons of substantial public interest, on the basis of EU or national law) personal data related to criminal convictions and offences unless this is authorised by EU or national law. Who processes the personal data? During processing, personal data can pass through various different companies or organisations. Within this cycle there are two main profiles that deal with processing personal data: The data controller - decides the purpose and way in which personal data is processed. The data processor - holds and processes data on behalf of a data controller. Who monitors how personal data is processed within a company? The Data Protection Officer (DPO), who may have been designated by the company, is responsible for monitoring how personal data is processed and to inform and advise employees who process personal data about their obligations. The DPO also cooperates with the Data Protection Authority (DPA), serving as a contact point towards the DPA and individuals. Processing data for another company A data controller can only use a data processor who offers sufficient guarantees, these should be included in a written contract between the parties involved. The contract must also contain a number of mandatory clauses, e.g. that the data processor will only process personal data when instructed to do so by the data controller. Data transfer outside the EU When personal data is transferred outside the EU, the protection offered by the GDPR should travel with the data. This means that if you export data abroad, your company must ensure one of the following measures are adhered to: The non-EU country's protections are deemed adequate by the EU. Your company takes the necessary measures to provide appropriate safeguards, such as including specific clauses in the agreed contract with the non-European importer of the personal data. Your company relies on specific grounds for the transfer (derogations) such as the consent of the individual. When is data processing allowed? EU data protection rules mean you should process data in a fair and lawful manner, for a specified and legitimate purpose and only process the data necessary to fulfil this purpose. You must ensure that you fulfil one of the following conditions to process the personal data; you: have been given the consent of the individual concerned need the personal data to fulfil a contractual obligation with the individual need the personal data to satisfy a legal obligation need the personal data to protect the vital interests of the individual process personal data to carry out the task in the interest of the public are acting in your company's legitimate interests, as long as the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual whose data are processed are not seriously impacted. If the person's rights override your company's interests, then you cannot process the personal data. Agreeing to data processing - consent Right to access and right to data portability Right to correct and right to object Right to erasure (right to be forgotten) Automated decision-making and profiling Data breaches – providing proper notification Responding to requests Impact assessments Keeping a record",closed_qa Who is LaVelle Smith Jr.?,"LaVelle Smith Jr is an American choreographer and dancer. Known for his work in the music videos of singers such as En Vogue, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson and Beyoncé Knowles, Smith has won the MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography five times.","LaVelle Smith Jr is an American choreographer and dancer. Known for his work in the music videos of singers such as En Vogue, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson and Beyoncé Knowles, Smith has won the MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography five times. Smith had originally wanted to pursue a career in drama, auditioning at the Youth Performing Arts School in Louisville, Kentucky. Upon failing the audition, Smith was given the option to study dance. Graduating from YPAS in 1983, Smith moved to Chicago and was employed by Gus Giordano in the dance troupe Giordano Jazz Dance Chicago. Unhappy with the level of pay, Smith auditioned for numerous dancing roles, while facing racial prejudice. ""When that happens, you realize that you have to be even better or move to L.A. where it doesn't matter,"" he said later. Noticed by singer Michael Jackson, Smith landed a job as a dancer before becoming his choreographer. Smith worked on three of Jackson's world tours; Bad, Dangerous and HIStory. He also worked as a choreographer in Michael Jackson's Ghosts, and for the musical Thriller - Live. Smith appeared on the concert tours of The Rolling Stones, Diana Ross and Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 Tour. Smith also worked for Victoria Beckham after the Spice Girl made a return as a solo artist. Smith was awarded four MTV Video awards for co-choreographing En Vogue's music videos ""My Lovin'"" (1992), ""Free Your Mind"" (1993), ""Whatta Man"" (1994) and Michael Jackson's duet with sister Janet, ""Scream"" (1995). The music video for Beyoncé's ""Crazy in Love"" won Smith his fifth MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography in 2003. His other awards include a SSDC Bob Fosse award and an Emmy award. Smith was also the youngest inductee into the Millers Gallery of Greats. Smith has choreographed Invincible: A Glorious Tribute To Michael Jackson featuring Jeffrey Perez and Pete Carter. Smith's work with Michael Jackson is the subject of the 2019 documentary film The Man Behind The Dance.",summarization "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Damphu, Dulcimer",,"Dulcimer is string, Damphu is percussion.",classification When was the New York City song released?,"""New York City"" is a song by American singer Lenny Kravitz, written by Kravitz and Craig Ross. The song was released on October 21, 2014, as the third single from the Kravitz's tenth studio album Strut.","The New York City was released on October 21, 2014.",summarization Queen Elizabeth II was married to whom?,,"Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburg",open_qa Where was Bob Dylan born,,"Duluth, Minnesota",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Lirone, Fife",,"Fife is woodwind, Lirone is string.",classification In which year did the Seattle SuperSonics win the NBA championship?,"Seattle SuperSonics won the NBA championship in 1979. The franchise won Western Conference titles in 1978, 1979 and 1996; and six divisional titles—their last being in 2005—five in the Pacific Division and one in the Northwest Division. The franchise attained a 1,745–1,585 (.524) regular season win–loss record, as well as a 107–110 (.493) playoff win–loss record during its time in Seattle.[citation needed] Both marks would rank in the top half of the NBA's all-time standings. Settlement terms of a lawsuit between the city of Seattle and Clay Bennett's ownership group stipulated SuperSonics' banners, trophies and retired jerseys remain in Seattle; the nickname, logo and color scheme are available to any subsequent NBA team that plays at KeyArena subject to NBA approval. The SuperSonics' franchise history, however, would be shared with Thunder.",1979,information_extraction What are the 13 departments and main communities of France's administrative region of Occitania?,"Geography Occitania is the second-largest region in mainland France, covering an area of 72,724 km2 (28,079 sq mi); it has a population of 5,845,102 (2017). It has a Mediterranean coast on the southeast and is neighboured by Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur on the east, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes on the northeast and Nouvelle-Aquitaine on the west and northwest, as well as foreign borders of Andorra (Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Ordino) and Spain (Aragon and Catalonia) on the south. Departments Code Arms 1 Department Prefecture Named after Population (2017) 09 Coat of arms of department 09 Ariège Foix Ariège River 153,153 11 Coat of arms of department 11 Aude Carcassonne Aude River 370,260 12 Coat of arms of department 12 Aveyron Rodez Aveyron River 279,206 30 Coat of arms of department 30 Gard Nîmes Gardon River 744,178 31 Coat of arms of department 31 Haute-Garonne Toulouse Garonne River 1,362,672 32 Coat of arms of department 32 Gers Auch Gers River 191,091 34 Coat of arms of department 34 Hérault Montpellier Hérault River 1,144,892 46 Coat of arms of department 46 Lot Cahors Lot River 173,828 48 Coat of arms of department 48 Lozère Mende Mont Lozère 76,601 65 Coat of arms of department 65 Hautes-Pyrénées Tarbes Pyrenees 228,530 66 Coat of arms of department 66 Pyrénées-Orientales Perpignan Pyrenees 474,452 81 Coat of arms of department 81 Tarn Albi Tarn River 387,890 82 Coat of arms of department 82 Tarn-et-Garonne Montauban Tarn River and Garonne River 258,349 Major communities Toulouse, Occitania's prefecture and largest city The Pont du Gard from the Roman Era, one of Occitanie's main landmarks and tourist attractions The largest communes of Occitania are (population as of 2017: Toulouse (479,553) Montpellier (285,121) Nîmes (150,610) Perpignan (120,158) Béziers (77,177) Montauban (60,810) Narbonne (54,700) Albi (50,759) Carcassonne (47,365)","The 13 Departments of Occitania are: - Ariège - Aude - Aveyron - Gard - Haute-Garonne - Gers - Hérault - Lot - Lozère - Hautes-Pyrénées - Pyrénées-Orientales - Tarn - Tarn-et-Garonne The main communities located within Occitania are: - Toulouse (population: 479,553) - Montpellier (population: 285,121) - Nîmes (population: 150,610) - Perpignan (population: 120,158) - Béziers (population: 77,177) - Montauban (population: 60,810) - Narbonne (population: 54,700) - Albi (population: 50,759) - Carcassonne (population: 47,365)",information_extraction "Given this paragraph about video games in the Netherlands, how many people work in the games industry?","The Netherlands' mainstream video games market, not taking into consideration the serious and casual games, is the sixth largest in Europe. In 2008, the Dutch market took up 3.95% of the entire European market in total sales and 4.19% in software sales. A significant part of the Netherlands' gaming industry is in serious games, in which Dutch companies make a significant part of the worldwide industry. In the Netherlands, an estimated of 4,000 people are working in the games industry, at more than 600 companies. Over 45 of the companies are located in the Dutch Game Garden, a government subsidized organization with the aim of promoting and improving the video games industry in the Netherlands.","4,000",closed_qa "Which of these sentences is correct: ""If I was you, I would do it"" or ""If I were you, I would do it""?",,"The correct sentence is ""If I were you, I would do it""."" This is the subjunctive form of English. It should be used when a hypothetical is contrary to fact. In this case, ""I"" is not ""you,"" so the subjunctive form should be used. In first person, the form of ""be"" used for the subjunctive mood is ""were.""",open_qa Extract the sorting algorithms mentioned in the following paragraph.,"While there are a large number of sorting algorithms, in practical implementations a few algorithms predominate. Insertion sort is widely used for small data sets, while for large data sets an asymptotically efficient sort is used, primarily heapsort, merge sort, or quicksort. Efficient implementations generally use a hybrid algorithm, combining an asymptotically efficient algorithm for the overall sort with insertion sort for small lists at the bottom of a recursion. Highly tuned implementations use more sophisticated variants, such as Timsort (merge sort, insertion sort, and additional logic), used in Android, Java, and Python, and introsort (quicksort and heapsort), used (in variant forms) in some C++ sort implementations and in .NET. For more restricted data, such as numbers in a fixed interval, distribution sorts such as counting sort or radix sort are widely used. Bubble sort and variants are rarely used in practice, but are commonly found in teaching and theoretical discussions. When physically sorting objects (such as alphabetizing papers, tests or books) people intuitively generally use insertion sorts for small sets. For larger sets, people often first bucket, such as by initial letter, and multiple bucketing allows practical sorting of very large sets. Often space is relatively cheap, such as by spreading objects out on the floor or over a large area, but operations are expensive, particularly moving an object a large distance – locality of reference is important. Merge sorts are also practical for physical objects, particularly as two hands can be used, one for each list to merge, while other algorithms, such as heapsort or quicksort, are poorly suited for human use. Other algorithms, such as library sort, a variant of insertion sort that leaves spaces, are also practical for physical use.","Insertion sort, heap sort, merge sort, quick sort, timsort, radix sort, bubble sort, bucket sort, library sort, and hybrid algorithms combining multiple sort algorithms.",information_extraction What are the different payment methods for payment inside a US store?,,"In a US store, commonly accepted payment methods include cash, credit cards, debit cards, and checks.",brainstorming "Given this paragraph about a Tesla Model 3, tell me what the EPA-rated ranges are for the various models.","The Tesla Model 3 is an electric car produced by American marque Tesla. It is a battery-powered four-door sedan that is considered a mid-size car in the US and a large family car in Europe, and is marketed in the compact-executive segment. Limited production of the Model 3 began in mid-2017, with the first production vehicle rolling off the assembly line on July 7, 2017. The official launch and delivery of the first 30 cars took place on July 28. The base Model 3 delivers an EPA-rated all-electric range of 272 miles (438 km) and the Long Range version delivers 358 miles (576 km). According to Tesla, the Model 3 carries full self-driving hardware, with periodic software updates adding functionality. The Model 3 was marketed as being more affordable to more people than previous models by Tesla. Since early 2020, the Model 3 is the bestselling electric car in world history, and, in June 2021, became the first electric car to pass the 1 million global sales milestone. The Model 3 has been the world's top selling plug-in electric car (PEV) for three years running, from 2018 to 2020. It has also been the bestselling PEV in the United States for three consecutive years, 2018 to 2020, the top selling PEV in Europe in 2019, and the bestselling PEV in China in 2020.",The Tesla Model 3 comes in a base model with a range of 272 miles (438 km) and also comes in a Long Range version that delivers 358 miles (576 km).,closed_qa "Using examples taken from the paragraph, provide the major risks to humans with climate change in a short bulleted list","The effects of climate change are impacting humans everywhere in the world. Impacts can now be observed on all continents and ocean regions, with low-latitude, less developed areas facing the greatest risk. Continued warming has potentially “severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts” for people and ecosystems. The risks are unevenly distributed, but are generally greater for disadvantaged people in developing and developed countries. The WHO has classified climate change as the greatest threat to global health in the 21st century. Extreme weather leads to injury and loss of life, and crop failures to undernutrition. Various infectious diseases are more easily transmitted in a warmer climate, such as dengue fever and malaria. Young children are the most vulnerable to food shortages. Both children and older people are vulnerable to extreme heat. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that between 2030 and 2050, climate change would cause around 250,000 additional deaths per year. They assessed deaths from heat exposure in elderly people, increases in diarrhea, malaria, dengue, coastal flooding, and childhood undernutrition. Over 500,000 more adult deaths are projected yearly by 2050 due to reductions in food availability and quality. By 2100, 50% to 75% of the global population may face climate conditions that are life-threatening due to combined effects of extreme heat and humidity. Climate change is affecting food security. It has caused reduction in global yields of maize, wheat, and soybeans between 1981 and 2010. Future warming could further reduce global yields of major crops. Crop production will probably be negatively affected in low-latitude countries, while effects at northern latitudes may be positive or negative. Up to an additional 183 million people worldwide, particularly those with lower incomes, are at risk of hunger as a consequence of these impacts. Climate change also impacts fish populations. Globally, less will be available to be fished. Regions dependent on glacier water, regions that are already dry, and small islands have a higher risk of water stress due to climate change. Economic damages due to climate change may be severe and there is a chance of disastrous consequences. Climate change has likely already increased global economic inequality, and this trend is projected to continue. Most of the severe impacts are expected in sub-Saharan Africa, where most of the local inhabitants are dependent upon natural and agricultural resources and South-East Asia. The World Bank estimates that climate change could drive over 120 million people into poverty by 2030. Current inequalities based on wealth and social status have worsened due to climate change. Major difficulties in mitigating, adapting, and recovering to climate shocks are faced by marginalized people who have less control over resources. Indigenous people, who are subsistent on their land and ecosystems, will face endangerment to their wellness and lifestyles due to climate change. An expert elicitation concluded that the role of climate change in armed conflict has been small compared to factors such as socio-economic inequality and state capabilities. Low-lying islands and coastal communities are threatened by sea level rise, which makes flooding more common. Sometimes, land is permanently lost to the sea. This could lead to statelessness for people in island nations, such as the Maldives and Tuvalu. In some regions, the rise in temperature and humidity may be too severe for humans to adapt to. With worst-case climate change, models project that almost one-third of humanity might live in extremely hot and uninhabitable climates, similar to the current climate found in the Sahara. These factors can drive environmental migration, both within and between countries. More people are expected to be displaced because of sea level rise, extreme weather and conflict from increased competition over natural resources. Climate change may also increase vulnerability, leading to ""trapped populations"" who are not able to move due to a lack of resources.","- Major threat to global health due to extreme weather, crop shortages, and increases in infectious diseases (more easily transmitted in warmer weather) - Effects to food security due to crop yield reduction and impacts to fish population - Economic damages from adverse weather events and dislocations on natural and agricultural resources - Increases in wealth and socioeconomic inequalities as climate change impacts marginalized populations who depend on land and associated ecosystems",summarization How many people live in California?,,"California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2 million residents across a total area of approximately 163,696 square miles (423,970 km2), it is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area. It is also the most populated subnational entity in North America and the 34th most populous in the world. The Greater Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay areas are the nation's second and fifth most populous urban regions respectively, with the former having more than 18.7 million residents and the latter having over 9.6 million. Sacramento is the state's capital, while Los Angeles is the most populous city in the state and the second most populous city in the country. San Francisco is the second most densely populated major city in the country. Los Angeles County is the country's most populous, while San Bernardino County is the largest county by area in the country. California borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, the Mexican state of Baja California to the south; and it has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean to the west. California's economy is the largest of any state within the United States, with a $3.37 trillion gross state product (GSP) as of 2022. It is the largest sub-national economy in the world. If California were a sovereign nation, it would rank as the world's fifth-largest economy as of 2022, behind India and ahead of the United Kingdom, as well as the 37th most populous. The Greater Los Angeles area and the San Francisco area are the nation's second- and fourth-largest urban economies ($1.0 trillion and $0.6 trillion respectively as of 2020), following the New York metropolitan area's $1.8 trillion. The San Francisco Bay Area Combined Statistical Area had the nation's highest gross domestic product per capita ($106,757) among large primary statistical areas in 2018, and is home to five of the world's ten largest companies by market capitalization and four of the world's ten richest people. Slightly over 84 percent of the state's residents hold a high school degree, the lowest high school education rate of all 50 states.",brainstorming What are the only three ingredients to make authentic Chantilly cream?,,"Cream (containing at least 30% fat), icing sugar, and vanilla",open_qa What is a stock index?,,"A stock index or stock market index is a method of measuring the value of a section of the stock market. It is computed from the prices of selected stocks (typically a weighted average). It is a tool used by investors and financial managers to describe the market, and to compare the return on specific investments. For example, S&P 500 is based on the market capitalizations of 500 large companies having common stock listed on the NYSE or NASDAQ.",open_qa Write a polite rejection response to a LinkedIn recruiter,,"Hello, Thank you for your message. I’m currently happy where I am but hope to reconnect in the future. Best of luck to you on the search. With gratitude,",creative_writing Where does the word aurora come from?,"The word ""aurora"" is derived from the name of the Roman goddess of the dawn, Aurora, who travelled from east to west announcing the coming of the sun. Ancient Greek poets used the corresponding name Eos metaphorically to refer to dawn, often mentioning its play of colors across the otherwise dark sky (e.g., ""rosy-fingered dawn"").","The word ""aurora"" is derived from the name of the Roman goddess of the dawn,",closed_qa List the ingredients and step by step instructions to make a glass of AMF.,,"Ingredients: 3/4 oz vodka 3/4 oz rum 3/4 oz tequila 3/4 oz gin 3/4 oz blue curaçao 3/4 oz simple syrup 3/4 oz lemon juice Sprite or 7up Preserved cherry Steps: 1. Mix the vodka, rum, tequila, gin, blue curaçao, simple syrup, and lemon juice in a glass filled with ice. 2. Top the glass off with the Sprite or 7up and stir. 3. Garnish with the preserved cherry.",creative_writing "Given a reference text about the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) awards, tell me how many albums need to be sold to get an award.","In the United States, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) awards certification based on the number of albums and singles sold through retail and other ancillary markets. Other countries have similar awards (see music recording certification). Certification is not automatic; for an award to be made, the record label must first request certification. The audit is conducted against net shipments after returns (most often an artist's royalty statement is used), which includes albums sold directly to retailers and one-stops, direct-to-consumer sales (music clubs and mail order) and other outlets. Description and qualifications A platinum award for the album GHV2 of Madonna A Gold record is a song or album that sells 500,000 units (records, tapes, and compact discs). The award was launched in 1958; originally, the requirement for a Gold single was one million units sold and a Gold album represented $1 million in sales (at wholesale value, around a third of the list price). In 1975, the additional requirement of 500,000 units sold was added for Gold albums. Reflecting growth in record sales, the Platinum award was added in 1976, for albums able to sell one million units, and singles selling two million units. The Multi-Platinum award was introduced in 1984, signifying multiple Platinum levels of albums and singles. In 1989, the sales thresholds for singles were reduced to 500,000 for Gold and 1,000,000 for Platinum, reflecting a decrease in sales of singles. In 1992, RIAA began counting each disc in a multi-disc set as one unit toward certification. Reflecting additional growth in music sales, the Diamond award was instituted in 1999 for albums or singles selling ten million units. Because of these changes in criteria, the sales level associated with a particular award depends on when the award was made.","As of 1989, a song or album needed to exceed a sales threshold of 500,000 for Gold and 1,000,000 for Platinum. In 1999 after a growth in music sales, the Diamond award was introduced for songs or albums that sold over 10,000,000 units.",closed_qa "From the below text, list the top 3 chapters of the Bhagvad Geeta, with the most verses.","There are total 18 chapters and 700 verses in Bhagavad Gita. These are: Chapter Name Total Verses 1 Arjunvishadyog 47 2 Sankhya Yoga 72 3 Karma Yoga 43 4 gnana-Karma-Sanyasa Yoga 42 5 Karma-Sanyasa Yoga 29 6 Atma-Samyama Yoga 47 7 gnana-Vignana Yoga 30 8 Aksara-ParaBrahma Yoga 28 9 Raja-Vidya-Raja-Guhya Yoga 34 10 Vibhuti Yoga 42 11 Vishwarupa-Darsana Yoga 55 12 Bhakti Yoga the ones in XML 20 13 Ksetra-Ksetrajna-Vibhaga Yoga 34 14 Gunatraya-Vibhaga Yoga 27 15 Purushottama Yoga 20 16 Daivasura-Sampad-Vibhaga Yoga 24 17 Shraddhatraya-Vibhaga Yoga 28 18 Moksha-Sanyasa Yoga 78 Total 700","Moksha-Sanyasa Yoga, the 18th chapter of the Bhagavad Gita, has 78 verses and is the longest chapter, followed by the 2nd chapter Sankhya Yoga with 72 verses and 11th chapter Vishwarupa-Darsana Yoga with 55 verses.",information_extraction "Which is a bird or fish: Black guillemot, Black bass",,"Black guillemot is a bird, Black bass is a fish",classification Tell me about the Mughal Empire?,"The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of the Indian subcontinent between the 16th and 19th centuries. For some two hundred years, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus river basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India.It included present day areas of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh.","The Mughal empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, a warrior chieftain from what is today Uzbekistan, who employed aid from the neighboring Safavid and Ottoman empires, to defeat the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, in the First Battle of Panipat, and to sweep down the plains of North India. The Mughal imperial structure, however, is sometimes dated to 1600, to the rule of Babur's grandson, Akbar. This imperial structure lasted until 1720, shortly after the death of the last major emperor, Aurangzeb, during whose reign the empire also achieved its maximum geographical extent. Reduced subsequently to the region in and around Old Delhi by 1760, the empire was formally dissolved by the British Raj after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.",summarization What is the difference between Eczema and Atopic Dermatitis?,,Eczema is a general term for chronic conditions of skin inflammation whereas Atopic Dermatitis is a specific type of Eczema.,open_qa How do you play basketball,,"Basketball is a game played on a court with five players on each team. There are two baskets that are 10 feet tall on each end of the court and the goal of the game is to get the ball into the basket at the opposing end of the court. Each basket is worth two points, unless the ball is shot from outside of an arc that is painted on the floor. If the shot it made outside of the arc, then it's worth three points. The games are 48 minutes long with 4 even quarters at 12 minutes each. The clock also stops every time a basket is made, the ball goes out of bounds, or a foul is committed. When running with the ball, a player must continuously bounce it off the ground or else it's considered traveling which is a not allowed. Additionally, aggressive contact is also considered a foul. Basketball is more about finesse than it is about physicality. Whichever team scores the most points by the end of the game wins",open_qa Who are the best basketball players of all time?,,"1) Micheal Jordan 2) LeBron James 3) Bill Russell 4) Magic Johnson 5) Larry Bird 6) Kareem Abdul Jabbar 7) Stephen Curry 8) Kobe Bryant 9) Shaquille O'Neal 10) Tim Duncan",brainstorming Can you describe Gene expression?,,"Genes generally express their functional effect through the production of proteins, molecules responsible for most functions in the cell. Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide chains, each composed of a sequence of amino acids. The DNA sequence of a gene is used to produce a specific amino acid sequence. This process begins with the production of an RNA molecule with a sequence matching the gene's DNA sequence, a process called transcription. This messenger RNA molecule then serves to produce a corresponding amino acid sequence through a process called translation. Each group of three nucleotides in the sequence, called a codon, corresponds either to one of the twenty possible amino acids in a protein or an instruction to end the amino acid sequence; this correspondence is called the genetic code. The flow of information is unidirectional: information is transferred from nucleotide sequences into the amino acid sequence of proteins, but it never transfers from protein back into the sequence of DNA—a phenomenon Francis Crick called the central dogma of molecular biology. The specific sequence of amino acids results in a unique three-dimensional structure for that protein, and the three-dimensional structures of proteins are related to their functions. Some are simple structural molecules, like the fibers formed by the protein collagen. Proteins can bind to other proteins and simple molecules, sometimes acting as enzymes by facilitating chemical reactions within the bound molecules (without changing the structure of the protein itself). Protein structure is dynamic; the protein hemoglobin bends into slightly different forms as it facilitates the capture, transport, and release of oxygen molecules within mammalian blood.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Malimba, Langspil",,"Langspil is string, Malimba is percussion.",classification How do I make Aioli?,,"First, blend combine 1 egg plus 1 egg yolk, two grated garlic cloves, juice from half a lemon, a tablespoon of dijon mustard, a small pinch of saffron, a pinch of salt and pinch of ground black pepper. Then, mix 1/4 cup of olive oil and 1 cup of grapeseed oil together then very slowly stream in the oils whilst continuously whisking hard. If you add the oil in too quickly, it will not emulsify so do it slowly. Once it’s all incorporated, you’ll be rewarded with thick, creamy aioli! Finally, taste it and if it needs further acid, add a teaspoon of white wine vinegar. Enjoy!",open_qa What parts are there in an academic dress? Extract them and place them in a numbered list.,"Academic dress is a traditional form of clothing for academic settings, mainly tertiary (and sometimes secondary) education, worn mainly by those who have obtained a university degree (or similar), or hold a status that entitles them to assume them (e.g., undergraduate students at certain old universities). It is also known as academical dress, academicals, and, in the United States, as academic regalia. Contemporarily, it is commonly seen only at graduation ceremonies, but formerly academic dress was, and to a lesser degree in many ancient universities still is, worn daily. Today, the ensembles are distinctive in some way to each institution, and generally consist of a gown (also known as a robe) with a separate hood, and usually a cap (generally either a square academic cap, a tam, or a bonnet). Academic dress is also worn by members of certain learned societies and institutions as official dress.","1. Gown 2. Hood 3. Cap",information_extraction What are some of the major food allergens in the USA?,,"Some of the major food allergens in the USA as identified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) include: Wheat, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, shellfish, fish, eggs, milk, and sesame.",open_qa "What would you do to improve the rules of Tennis, to make it a better TV viewing experience?",,"I would recommend the following things be changed in the rules of tennis to make it more interesting. (1) Reduce the length of a 'set' to be 4 games long, and the first person to 4 wins the set, with no requirement to lead by 2 clear games over their opponent. (2) I would only allow one serve - instead of two - per player when starting each point. (3) I would stop players from wasting time between points by limiting their towel breaks to 23 seconds long. (4) If a player's service hits the net and goes over, they win the point (this means no replaying of points due to hitting the netcord and flopping over the net). (5) I would declare a rally null and void if it goes over 20 shots; it would count for nothing and both players would have wasted their efforts without any positive outcome. (6) I would not allow players to take a break, between games, until 4 games had been consecutively played, regardless of their physical capabilities. (7) The maximum number of tennis sets that can be played in major Tennis tournaments be limited to three. (8) If a tennis match exceeds three hours in duration it gets called a ""tie"" - no winner, and rewards are halved.",brainstorming What is the movie The Airzone Solution,,"The Airzone Solution (stylized as The AirZone Solution?), is a 1993 British sci-fi-thriller film, produced by BBV. It was written by Nicholas Briggs and directed by Bill Baggs. It stars Colin Baker, Nicola Bryant, Peter Davison, Sylvester McCoy, Jon Pertwee and Heather Tracy.",open_qa Name some Nobel Prize winners,"Gerty Theresa Cori was a Czech-American biochemist who in 1947 was the third woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, and the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for her role in the ""discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"". Together with her husband Carl and Argentine physiologist Bernardo Houssay, Gerty Cori received the Nobel Prize in 1947 for the discovery of the mechanism by which glycogen—a starch made from glucose—is broken down in muscle tissue into lactic acid and then resynthesized in the body and stored as a source of energy (known as the Cori cycle). They also identified the important catalyzing compound, the Cori ester. The Coris were the third ever married couple to win the Nobel Prize. In 2004, both Gerty and Carl Cori were designated a National Historic Chemical Landmark in recognition of their work in clarifying carbohydrate metabolism.","In 1947, biochemist Gerty Cori and her husband, Carl, received the Nobel Prize (along with their colleague physiologist Bernardo Houssay) for their work on the course of glycogen in the human body, now known as the Cori cycle.",information_extraction What is the difference between Holland and The Netherlands?,,"The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a state that consists of the country called the Netherlands as well as overseas territories in the Caribbean (Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten). The country of the Netherlands consists of twelve provinces; including North Holland and South Holland. Even though the name Holland is frequently used (sometimes even by the Dutch themselves) to refer to the whole country, it is only a part of it.",open_qa Is the glass ceiling real?,"A glass ceiling is a metaphor usually applied to women, used to represent an invisible barrier that prevents a given demographic from rising beyond a certain level in a hierarchy. No matter how invisible the glass ceiling is expressed, it is actually a difficult obstacle to overcome. The metaphor was first used by feminists in reference to barriers in the careers of high-achieving women. It was coined by Marilyn Loden during a speech in 1978. In the United States, the concept is sometimes extended to refer to racial inequality in the United States. Minority women in white-majority countries often find the most difficulty in ""breaking the glass ceiling"" because they lie at the intersection of two historically marginalized groups: women and people of color. East Asian and East Asian American news outlets have coined the term ""bamboo ceiling"" to refer to the obstacles that all East Asian Americans face in advancing their careers. Similarly, a multitude of barriers that refugees and asylum seekers face in their search for meaningful employment is referred to as canvas ceiling.","While it is not real as a physical object, it is considered real metaphorically, as it represents an invisible barrier that hinder women from rising beyond a certain organizational or societal hierarchy.",closed_qa Who is Simon Bolivar?,"Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios (24 July 1783 – 17 December 1830) was a Venezuelan military and political leader who led what are currently the countries of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Panama and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish Empire. He is known colloquially as El Libertador, or the Liberator of America.","Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios (24 July 1783 – 17 December 1830) was a Venezuelan military and political leader who led what are currently the countries of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Panama and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish Empire. He is known colloquially as El Libertador, or the Liberator of America. Simón Bolívar was born in Caracas in the Captaincy General of Venezuela into a wealthy family of American-born Spaniards (criollo), but lost both parents as a child. Bolívar was educated abroad and lived in Spain, as was common for men of upper-class families in his day. While living in Madrid from 1800 to 1802, he was introduced to Enlightenment philosophy and married María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa, who died in Venezuela from yellow fever in 1803. From 1803 to 1805, Bolívar embarked on a Grand Tour that ended in Rome, where he swore to end the Spanish rule in the Americas. In 1807, Bolívar returned to Venezuela and proposed gaining Venezuelan independence to other wealthy creoles. When the Spanish authority in the Americas weakened due to Napoleon's Peninsular War, Bolívar became a zealous combatant and politician in the Spanish American wars of independence. Bolívar began his military career in 1810 as a militia officer in the Venezuelan War of Independence, fighting Royalist forces for the first and second Venezuelan republics and the United Provinces of New Granada. After Spanish forces subdued New Granada in 1815, Bolívar was forced into exile on Jamaica. In Haiti, Bolívar met and befriended Haitian revolutionary leader Alexandre Pétion. After promising to abolish slavery in Spanish America, Bolívar received military support from Pétion and returned to Venezuela. He established a third republic in 1817 and then crossed the Andes to liberate New Granada in 1819. Bolívar and his allies defeated the Spanish in New Granada in 1819, Venezuela and Panama in 1821, Ecuador in 1822, Peru in 1824, and Bolivia in 1825. Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador, and Panama were merged into the Republic of Colombia (Gran Colombia), with Bolívar as president there and in Peru and Bolivia. In his final years, Bolívar became increasingly disillusioned with the South American republics, and distanced from them because of his centralist ideology. He was successively removed from his offices until he resigned the presidency of Colombia and died of tuberculosis in 1830. His legacy is diverse and far-reaching within Latin America and beyond. He is regarded as a national and cultural icon throughout Latin America; the nations of Bolivia and Venezuela (as the Boliviarian Republic of Venezuela) are named after him, and he has been memorialized all over the world in the form of public art or street names and in popular culture.",information_extraction Is Moore's law still viable?,"Moore's law is the observation that the number of transistors in an integrated circuit (IC) doubles about every two years. Moore's law is an observation and projection of a historical trend. Rather than a law of physics, it is an empirical relationship linked to gains from experience in production. The observation is named after Gordon Moore, the co-founder of Fairchild Semiconductor and Intel (and former CEO of the latter), who in 1965 posited a doubling every year in the number of components per integrated circuit, and projected this rate of growth would continue for at least another decade. In 1975, looking forward to the next decade, he revised the forecast to doubling every two years, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 41%. While Moore did not use empirical evidence in forecasting that the historical trend would continue, his prediction held since 1975 and has since become known as a ""law"". Moore's prediction has been used in the semiconductor industry to guide long-term planning and to set targets for research and development, thus functioning to some extent as a self-fulfilling prophecy. Advancements in digital electronics, such as the reduction in quality-adjusted microprocessor prices, the increase in memory capacity (RAM and flash), the improvement of sensors, and even the number and size of pixels in digital cameras, are strongly linked to Moore's law. These ongoing changes in digital electronics have been a driving force of technological and social change, productivity, and economic growth. Industry experts have not reached a consensus on exactly when Moore's law will cease to apply. Microprocessor architects report that semiconductor advancement has slowed industry-wide since around 2010, slightly below the pace predicted by Moore's law. In September 2022 Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang considered Moore's law dead, while Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger was of the opposite view.","Moore's law is the observation that the number of transistors in a circuit doubles about every two years. Through advancements in technology, Moore's law is still viable since 1975 with some experts believing the observation still holds and some seeing a slowing of Moore's observation.",closed_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Eryops, Bluefin Tuna",,"Bluefin Tuna is alive, Eryops is extinct.",classification What is one year?,,One Earth Year is the time it takes for one revolution of the Earth around the sun.,open_qa What kind of plant is the Harrisonia,,Harrisonia is a small genus of flowering plants in the subfamily Cneoroideae of the Rutaceae (citrus family). Older taxonomic treatments have placed this genus in the Simaroubaceae.,open_qa From the passage identify the domains in which Hermes is considered a God. Display the results in a comma separated format.,"Hermes (Ἑρμῆς, Hērmês) God of boundaries, travel, trade, communication, language, writing, cunning and thieves. Hermes was also responsible for protecting livestock and presided over the spheres associated with fertility, music, luck, and deception. The son of Zeus and Maia, Hermes is the messenger of the gods, and a psychopomp who leads the souls of the dead into the afterlife. He was depicted either as a handsome and athletic beardless youth, or as an older bearded man. His attributes include the herald's wand or caduceus, winged sandals, and a traveler's cap. His sacred animals include the tortoise. His Roman counterpart is Mercury.","boundaries, travel, trade, communication, language, writing, cunning,thieves",information_extraction What are the causes of Autism?,"Many causes of autism have been proposed, but understanding of the theory of causation of autism, or otherwise known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is incomplete. Attempts have been made to incorporate the known genetic and environmental causes into a comprehensive causative framework.ASD is a complex developmental condition marked by persistent challenges to social interaction, speech and nonverbal communication, and restricted/repetitive behaviors and its phenotypes vary significantly. Research indicates that genetic factors predominate. The heritability of autism, however, is complex, and it is typically unclear which genes are involved.In rare cases, autism is associated with agents that cause birth defects.Many other causes have been proposed. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown no scientific evidence supporting the controversial but popular theory that autism is caused by vaccines.","There is no clear cause for Autism which has been scientifically proven. However, some research indicates that genetic factors are one of the predominant causes. In rare cases, autism is associated with agents that cause congenital disabilities, and many other causes have been proposed. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown no scientific evidence supporting the controversial but popular theory that vaccines cause autism.",closed_qa What are some of the main themes of Jane Eyre,,"Some of the main themes of Jane Eyre are social class, love, family, dependence and independence, personal discovery and growth. There are also themes of religion, pride, duty to society and personal morality",open_qa What is nomadism?,,"Nomadism is a way of living in which people don't have a permanent place to live. Instead, they move around a certain area in search of food and grazing land. The change from being nomadic to staying in one place is what led to the first civilizations.",open_qa "Give me an idea for a country to travel to that is safe, inexpensive and does not fall into the well trodden tourist path?",,"One such place is Mongolia. Situated between China and Russia, it is an ideal destination to explore national parks, deserts, and history. Mongolia is the historic home to one of the largest empires to ever conquered the earth. The Mongol empire covered most of Eurasia and had a fierce nomadic culture and modern weaponry. As a traveler to Mongolia, you can spend time with today's nomadic tribes, hike through the Khstain Nuruu National Park park while sleeping in luxury tents, marvel at the beauty of Ugil Lake, or Camel ride through the dunes of the Gobi desert. You will enjoy Mongolia while feeling safe and awed without breaking the bank.",brainstorming Give me an enumerated list of Four Noble Truths mentioned in Buddhism,,"1. Suffering: Buddhism teaches that struggle and suffering is part of life. Everyone is suffering in one way or another. It is to promote pragmatism and as an anti-dote of negativity. Once one accept it, then it gets easier for move forward in life and confidently march forward in the face of difficulties. 2. Cause of suffering: Desire, ignorance and attachments are often described as causes of suffering explained in previous point. For instance, Buddhism further explained that various vices, such as hatred, jealousy, temper and greed, are the by product of our ignorance. 3. End of suffering: Simply put, this Truth is inviting one person to be aware about the above causes of suffering and hence walk on the path, i.e. lead the life, with clarity and unshakable spirit where primary goal is to reach the state of Nirvana. 4. Path that leads to the end of suffering: To achieve the state of Nirvana, there are various practices defined to lead the life where despite suffering presents in our day to day life, one always keep the calm and composed attitude towards life.",brainstorming "Identify which car manufacturer is Japanese or American: RAM, Toyota Motor Corporation",,"RAM is American, Toyota Motor Corporation is Japanese",classification What are the best National Parks in the United States,,"Yosemite, Glacier, Zion, Yellowstone, Great Smoky Mountains, Rocky Mountain, Grand Teton, Acadia, Olympic, Bryce Canyon, Grand Canyon, Denali, Kenai Fjords, Arches...",brainstorming What car manufacturers were associated with American Muscle cars in the 1960s and 1970s?,,"Chevrolet, Ford, Dodge",open_qa What do the different ski slope colors mean?,,"1) Green (usually represented by a circle): these are beginner slopes and are not very steep. A New skier should be able to navigate these without losing control or catching too much speed, but more advanced skiers tend to find these too flat. 2) Blue (usually represented by a square): These are intermediate slopes with some steeper or more narrow runs. Skiers of all skill levels can enjoy these, but beginners might need to take it slow on some of the steeper parts. 3) Black (usually represented by a diamond): These are for advanced skiers only and have steep drops and/or obstacles. 4) Double Black (usually represented by two diamonds): These are only for the most experienced and advanced skiers and usually include extreme drops with significant obstacles.",open_qa "Extract from the text the events won by the Kawasaki KX 500 motorcycle, and separate them by a comma.","The Kawasaki KX 500 is a 499 cc (30.5 cu in) two-stroke single motocross motorcycle made by Kawasaki from 1983 until 2004. The Kawasaki KX500 was developed as an air-cooled 500cc motocross bike for competition in the 500cc and Open-Class of motocross. At the time of its release, several top manufactured sported entries in this class, including Yamaha, Suzuki, Honda and the class-leading Maico. Kawasaki developed the bike on an annual basis through the 80's. The addition of liquid cooling in 1985, a new frame with improved suspension in 1987, engine updates in 1988 and reversed forks in 1990 highlight these revisions. Kawasaki would take several years to produce a competitive bike, and when it finally did, would find the KX500 winning in events for which it was not initially designed for. Its first victories came in 1986, when Donnie Griewe won two National Hare and Hound events. These only foreshadowed Kawasaki's dominance in distance and desert racing that exploded in the 90's. In 1989 Kawasaki captures its first National MX championship on a KX500, repeating in '90 and '92 before the series was discontinued at the close of the '93 season. But that would not be the end of the KX500's racing legacy. Beginning in 1992, the KX500 took the victory in every Desert Nationals race through 1995, and continued to win the Desert Nationals Championship every year though 2001. It further cemented its legendary dominance in desert racing by being the victors bike at the Baja 1000 from 1988 through 1996.","National Hare and Hound, National MX championship, Desert Nationals, Baja 1000",information_extraction Where is the Stade Louis-ll located?,"The Stade Louis-II, also known as Louis II (French pronunciation: ​[stad(ə) lwi dø]) is a stadium located in the Fontvieille district of Monaco. It serves primarily as a venue for football, being the home of AS Monaco and the Monaco national football team. The stadium is most notable for its distinctive nine arches at the away end of the ground. The arena is also used for the Herculis, a track and field meet of the Diamond League. The stadium hosted the 1986 and 1998–2012 UEFA Super Cup matches. Due to Monaco's small size, the stadium is the only football and athletics stadium in the country.",The Stade Louis-ll is located in the Fontvielle district of Monaco.,closed_qa Who won highest number of Men's singles Wimbledon titles?,,Roger Federer won highest number of Wimbledon titles (8 Titles),open_qa How can a technical expert identify a business use case?,,"Often enterprises need help when a business user and technical expert try to define a business use case. A technical expert, in-house or vendor, considers it an engineering problem, while a business user needs it to have a business impact. Multiple frameworks can help build consensus. However, an ideal approach will go through these steps. 1. Identify a business outcome. This is a very high-level outcome that is industry aligned and has no technical description. An example from the healthcare industry is a 'better patient experience.' 2. List strategies defined by an organisation to deliver these outcomes. To our example in step 1, one approach is reducing patient wait time when attending a hospital.' 3. Clarify the KPIs and measurements listed in these strategies. In this example, it can be 'Max patient wait time of 20 mins'. 4. List business capabilities that can deliver results towards these KPIs. Here we can think of ways patients can register their details electronically on their own or hospital devices vs paper forms. Each entry will initiate an automated process to assign the right staff and resources to address patient needs. 5. Build technical capabilities that will deliver above listed business capabilities. An online form integrated with AI Bot service and workflow automation can reduce time and manual intervention. These technical capabilities that deliver a business capability towards a business outcome should be considered a 'Business Use Case'.",brainstorming How are Social Security and Medicare in the USA funded?,,Social Security and Medicare in the USA are funded through payroll taxes on income. Both employees and employers are required to pay payroll taxes.,open_qa What are the top three most popular collectible cardgames?,,"1. Magic: The Gathering 2. Pokemon 3. Yu-Gi-Oh!",brainstorming Think up different ways to make a baby stop crying.,,"Here are different ways to make a baby stop crying: 1. Give the baby milk 2. Bounce the baby up and down 3. Take the baby on a walk 4. Take the baby for a ride in the car 5. Give the baby food 6. Rock the baby to sleep",brainstorming What were the names of the people who wrote Massive Attack's Unfinished Sympathy? Extract the name and surname into a comma-separated list.,"""Unfinished Sympathy"" is a song by the English trip hop group Massive Attack. It was released on 11 February 1991 under the temporary group name Massive. The song was written by the three band members Robert ""3D"" Del Naja, Andrew ""Mushroom"" Vowles and Grant ""Daddy G"" Marshall, the song's vocalist Shara Nelson and the group's co-producer Jonathan ""Jonny Dollar"" Sharp. It was released on 11 February 1991 as the second single from the band's first album, Blue Lines (1991), on the band's Wild Bunch label distributed by Circa Records. The name ""Massive"" was used to avoid a radio ban, as the track's release coincided with the Gulf War. Produced by Massive Attack and Dollar, the song incorporates various musical elements into its arrangement, including vocal and percussion samples, drum programming and string orchestration by the arranger Wil Malone. ""Unfinished Sympathy"" topped the Dutch Top 40 and was a top-20 hit on the singles charts of several countries, including Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The accompanying music video, directed by Baillie Walsh, was a single continuous shot of Nelson walking through a Los Angeles neighbourhood, oblivious to her surroundings. Regarded[by whom?] as a pioneering song in the development of British dance music, ""Unfinished Sympathy"" was acclaimed by music critics for its production and Nelson's vocals. It ranked highly on several publications' year-end lists of the best singles of 1991, and has since appeared in many polls of the best songs of all time by both music critics and the public worldwide. The song was later used on the soundtrack of the 1993 film Sliver.","Robert Del Naja, Andrew Vowles, Grant Marshall, Shara Nelson, Jonathan Sharp",information_extraction "Tell me which of the following are the names of mathematicians: David Hilbert, Augustin-Louis Cauchy, William Shakespeare.",,"David Hilbert and Augstin-Louis Cauchy are both mathematicians. William Shakespeare is not a mathematician, but is a writer.",classification "Which of the following are Great Lakes and Oceans: Michigan, Atlantic, Superior, Eire, Pacific, Huron, Ontario, Arctic, Indian",,"Great Lakes: Michigan, Superior, Eire, Huron, Ontario Oceans: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic",classification Why did Kim Kardashian and Ye divorce?,,Kim Kardashian and Ye experienced marital stress from many causes. The initial commonly cited reason by social outlets for their separation and later divorce was tensions that arose from Ye's erratic behavior on social media and in public spheres.,open_qa "Polly, a 51-year-old female, visits your fitness facility. She is dissatisfied with her body and is responding to a series of ads your facility uses to attract people interested in weight loss. What new behaviors and habits could she adopt to optimize weight control?",,"She can focus on three new behaviors: attitude rewiring, prioritizing consistency, and emotional control. First, she can adopt a new attitude towards health and fitness; instead of thinking of working out as a necessarily hard and unenjoyable task, she can start perceiving her workouts in a positive light. Instead of seeking to accomplish unrealistic goals, she can start small and focus on consistency, finding tasks that are both easy and enjoyable for her (such as walking a dog). Finally, because people tend to sabotage their good diets or workout plans due to distressing events, she needs to adopt emotional discipline, recognizing stressful situations and ensuring she is not acting purely out of stress.",brainstorming How many keys does a full piano have?,,88; 52 keys are white and 36 are black.,open_qa Who has been named as Kid of the year by Time Magazine?,,Gitanjali Rao(Indian American),open_qa Extract all the metrics used to measure the performance of IPSTAR from the following paragraph. Present the results in a list separated by commas.,"Traditional satellite technology utilizes a broad single beam to cover entire continents and regions. With the introduction of multiple narrowly focused spot beams and frequency reuse, IPSTAR is capable of maximizing the available frequency for transmissions. Increasing bandwidth by a factor of twenty compared to traditional Ku-band satellites translates into better efficiencies. Despite the higher costs associated with spot beam technology, the overall cost per circuit is considerably lower as compared to shaped beam technology.","The passage mentions available frequency width, bandwidth and cost per circuit.",information_extraction What are some typical characters of Siamese cats?,,"Siamese cats tend to have slender, long bodies with apple-shaped heads and large ears. They can come in a variety of colors, such as chocolate point, seal point, and orange flame. Siamese owners claim that Siamese cats tend to be more loyal to their favorite human and are dog-like in their playful nature, such as enjoying playing fetch. Siamese also are a vocal breed and meow loudly and often.",open_qa What is fractional-reserve banking?,,"Fractional-reserve banking is the system of banking operating in almost all countries worldwide, under which banks that take deposits from the public are required to hold a proportion of their deposit liabilities in liquid assets as a reserve, and are at liberty to lend the remainder to borrowers. Bank reserves are held as cash in the bank or as balances in the bank's account at the central bank. The country's central bank determines the minimum amount that banks must hold in liquid assets, called the ""reserve requirement"" or ""reserve ratio"". Most commercial banks hold more than this minimum amount as excess reserves. Bank deposits are usually of a relatively short-term duration, and may be ""at call"", while loans made by banks tend to be longer-term, resulting in a risk that customers may at any time collectively wish to withdraw cash out of their accounts in excess of the bank reserves. The reserves only provide liquidity to cover withdrawals within the normal pattern. Banks and the central bank expect that in normal circumstances only a proportion of deposits will be withdrawn at the same time, and that reserves will be sufficient to meet the demand for cash. However, banks may find themselves in a shortfall situation when depositors wish to withdraw more funds than the reserves held by the bank. In that event, the bank experiencing the liquidity shortfall may borrow short-term funds in the interbank lending market from banks with a surplus. In exceptional situations, such as during an unexpected bank run, the central bank may provide funds to cover the short-term shortfall as lender of last resort.",open_qa Do Texans have a Southern accent?,,"It depends on who you ask. Most Texans would answer the question with no. Texans would describe their accent as a Texas drawl. The sound of a Texas drawl differs from what is commonly considered a southern accent. A southern accent is common in states such as Alabama, Georgia, the Carolinas, Mississippi, and others.",open_qa What is GitHub?,,"GitHub is an Internet hosting service for software development and version control using Git. It provides the distributed version control of Git plus access control, bug tracking, software feature requests, task management, continuous integration, and wikis for every project.",open_qa What is the difference between a red delicious and a Granny Smith apple?,,A red delicious apple is red and sweet whereas a Granny Smith apple is green and tart.,open_qa "Tell me which of the following are breeds or types of cats: Maine Coon, corgi, golden retriever, Siamese, domestic short hair, Chihuahua, Samoyed, Sphynx, tabby",,"Maine Coon, Siamese, domestic short hair, Sphynx, tabby",classification Imagine you are the last person on Earth. Write a diary entry describing your thoughts and feelings.,,"Dear Diary, As warned a few days back, all the humans on planet Earth have disappeared. I am now the last person on Earth. There are a lot of positives and, at the same time, many negatives. I now have the freedom to do what I want without anyone being my obstacle. I can live my life according to my wish and do not have to follow the rules and restrictions of society. I can now live the “Hakuna Matata” life without worrying about my future temporarily. Alas! There’s also a negative side to this heaven on Earth. Now that the world's farmers have disappeared, the biodegradable food items would only last for a few days and would start to degrade if not refrigerated. All that would be left would be the canned and packed food items though these foodstuffs would also expire after a few years and eventually start to decompose. Soon the loneliness would also set into the brain. The reason was that man had evolved into a communal organism. Humans are born into an interdependent society where everyone is interdependent in their needs and wants. Without a community, the human race would probably perish. Soon, with no edible food remaining, I may also have to go out hunting for my meals like the early hunter-gatherers or to farm on the farmlands for three meals a day and would also forget about the worldly wants that the human society had created like electronic devices, automobiles, etc. These devices would be of no use any more as a few months to go, the power reserves would run out of energy, and there would be no energy left to put them to good use. Finally, I would miss my loved ones, friends, family, etc. The memories, as I predict, may start to haunt me, and they may also begin to give me nightmares. Memories would eventually turn to sadness, transforming into depression, but I would learn to live with it. Except for these changes, I don't think any other change will take place in my life. With this, I end it here. Yours, (Name)",creative_writing Do all dog breeds have long tails?,,"Dogs naturally have a variety of tail lengths, ranging from long to short to stubs",open_qa What is standard guitar tuning?,,"E, B, G, D, A, E",open_qa How many awards did the film The Walrus and the Whistleblower win per this entry of information?,"The Walrus and the Whistleblower is a 2020 Canadian documentary film directed by Nathalie Bibeau. The film profiles Phil Demers, a former employee of Marineland who attempted to blow the whistle on allegedly inhumane treatment of animals at the institution. According to a film industry newsletter, the film was made ""in association with the Documentary Channel, and CBC Docs"". The Documentary Channel's announcement about the film stated that Demers had ""appeared four times on the Joe Rogan show, has testified before the Canadian Senate, and is being sued for $1.5 million for plotting to steal Smooshi, the walrus"". The film premiered as part of the 2020 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada it was not screened theatrically, but premiered as part of the festival's online streaming component and aired on CBC Television on May 28 as part of the network's special Hot Docs at Home series of films from the festival. In June 2020, the film was named as the winner of 2020 Rogers Audience Award, alongside the films 9/11 Kids, There's No Place Like This Place, Anyplace, First We Eat and The Forbidden Reel, and as Overall Favourite at Hot Docs. The Audience Award allowed the film to be fast tracked in the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature category, ""provided it meets all other criteria for eligibility"". Northern Banner, a division of Raven Banner Entertainment, subsequently announced that it had acquired the rights to distribute the film in Canada, probably starting before year end. The US and international distribution rights went to Gravitas Ventures. The film received a nomination for the Donald Brittain Award at the 9th Canadian Screen Awards in 2021.","2. the 2020 Rogers Audience Award, and the Donald Brittain Award in 2021.",closed_qa What coloring of cat is almost always female?,,Calico cats are almost always female.,open_qa "I'm sorting my fresh food into two groups. Which are fruits and which are vegetables? Apple, spinach, banana broccoli, potato, plum, pear, avocado and peach.",,"Potato, broccoli and spinach are vegetables. Apple, pear, peach, plum, avocado and banana are fruit.",classification What is the University of Georgia's mascot?,,The University of Georgia's mascot is a bulldog.,open_qa Was Venice always part of Italy?,"The Republic of Venice lost its independence when Napoleon Bonaparte conquered Venice on 12 May 1797 during the War of the First Coalition. Napoleon was seen as something of a liberator by the city's Jewish population. He removed the gates of the Ghetto and ended the restrictions on when and where Jews could live and travel in the city. Venice became Austrian territory when Napoleon signed the Treaty of Campo Formio on 12 October 1797. The Austrians took control of the city on 18 January 1798. Venice was taken from Austria by the Treaty of Pressburg in 1805 and became part of Napoleon's Kingdom of Italy. It was returned to Austria following Napoleon's defeat in 1814, when it became part of the Austrian-held Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia. In 1848 a revolt briefly re-established the Venetian republic under Daniele Manin, but this was crushed in 1849. In 1866, after the Third Italian War of Independence, Venice, along with the rest of the Veneto, became part of the newly created Kingdom of Italy.","Venice started off with refugees from neighboring Roman cities such as Padua, Aquileia, Treviso, Altino etc., and developed into a powerful maritime empire, a republic in it's own right. In 1797, Venice was conquered by Napoleon Bonaparte and switched several times between being an Austrian territory, part of the Kingdom of Italy, back to being part of Austria and eventually after the Italian Independence War of 1866 to being part of Italy.",summarization "Please give an overview of the show ""Scrubs"" highlighting unique characteristics of the sitcom.","Scrubs focuses on the unique point of view of its main character and narrator, Dr. John Michael ""J.D."" Dorian (Zach Braff) for the first eight seasons, with season nine being narrated by the new main character Lucy Bennett (Kerry Bishé). Most episodes feature multiple story lines thematically linked by voice-overs done by Braff, as well as the comical daydreams of J.D. According to Bill Lawrence, ""What we decided was, rather than have it be a monotone narration, if it's going to be Zach's voice, we're going to do everything through J.D.'s eyes. It opened up a visual medium that those of us as comedy writers were not used to."" Actors were given the chance to improvise their lines on set with encouragement by series creator Bill Lawrence, with Neil Flynn and Zach Braff being the main improvisors. Almost every episode title for the first eight seasons begins with the word ""My"". Bill Lawrence says this is because each episode is Dr. John Dorian writing in his diary (revealed in the commentary on the DVD of the first-season episode ""My Hero""). A few episodes are told from another character's perspective and have episode titles such as ""His Story"" or ""Her Story"". Apart from a brief period of narration from J.D. at the beginning and the end, these episodes primarily contain internal narration from other characters besides J.D. The transfer of the narration duties usually occurs at a moment of physical contact between two characters. Starting with season nine, the episode titles start with ""Our..."" as the focus has shifted from the perspective of J.D. to a new group of medical students. The webisodes that accompanied season eight, Scrubs: Interns, also were named ""Our..."".","The television show Scrubs aired from 2001 to 2010 and was filmed primarily through the point of view of the main character, John Michael ""J.D."" Dorian. These episodes were all titled with the format of ""My..."" to further highlight J.D.'s point of view. Episodes not filmed through J.D.'s point of view were titled with ""His...,"" ""Her...,"" or ""Their..."" to allow other characters to narrate and tell a story through their point of view.",summarization Who scored first in Austin FC's first victory in a home game in the 2021 MLS season?,"Austin FC played their first MLS match against LAFC at Banc of California Stadium on April 17, 2021, losing 0–2. The club secured its first victory the following week against the Colorado Rapids, winning 3–1. Diego Fagúndez scored the club's first goal and the following two were scored by the club's first Designated Player, Cecilio Dominguez. Their home opener was held on June 19, 2021, against the San Jose Earthquakes, a match which ended in a scoreless draw. The team secured its first ever home victory on July 1, 2021, defeating the Portland Timbers 4–1. Jon Gallagher scored the team's first home goal and the first MLS goal at Q2 Stadium.","Jon Gallagher scored the first goal in Austin FC's first win at home, over the Portland Timbers.",closed_qa What was Mark Twain's real name?,"Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. He was praised as the ""greatest humorist the United States has produced"", and William Faulkner called him ""the father of American literature"". His novels include The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), the latter of which has often been called the ""Great American Novel"". Twain also wrote A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889) and Pudd'nhead Wilson (1894), and co-wrote The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today (1873) with Charles Dudley Warner.","Mark Twain was born on November 30, 1835 as Samuel Langhorne Clemens. He was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. He was praised as the ""greatest humorist the United States has produced"", and William Faulkner called him ""the father of American literature"". His novels include The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), the latter of which has often been called the ""Great American Novel"".",information_extraction What are 3 differences between the arabica and robusta species of coffee?,"Of the two main species grown, arabica coffee (from C. arabica) is generally more highly regarded than robusta coffee (from C. canephora). Robusta coffee tends to be bitter and has less flavor but a better body than arabica. For these reasons, about three-quarters of coffee cultivated worldwide is C. arabica. Robusta strains also contain about 40–50% more caffeine than arabica. Consequently, this species is used as an inexpensive substitute for arabica in many commercial coffee blends. Good quality robusta beans are used in traditional Italian espresso blends to provide a full-bodied taste and a better foam head (known as crema).","First, robusta is considered to be more bitter and less flavorful than arabica. Second, robusta contains 40-50% more caffeine that arabica. Third, because of the higher bitterness and less flavorful quality of robusta, about 75% of all coffee cultivated in the world is arabica making it much more popular than robusta.",summarization "Given a reference text about the IBJJF, provide two tournaments organized by IBJJ and the ruleset used by these tournaments.","The International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation (IBJJF) is a for-profit company that hosts several of the biggest Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) tournaments in the world, including the World Jiu-Jitsu Championship, World No-Gi Championship, Pan Jiu-Jitsu Championship, and European Open Jiu-Jitsu Championship. The federation was created by Carlos Gracie, Jr., who is the head of one of the largest Brazilian jiu-jitsu associations, Gracie Barra. The IBJJF uses the ruleset of the Confederação Brasileira de Jiu-Jitsu (CBJJ). On October 11, 2020, the IBJJF announced that they will begin to allow both heel hooks and knee-reaping for all brown and black belts competing in no-gi tournaments, starting on an undisclosed date in 2021.",World No-Gi Championship and Pan Jiu-Jitsu Championship are two tournaments organized by the IBJJF. They follow the ruleset of the CBJJ.,closed_qa "There is a movie ""Slow burn"". Can you help me summarize some important points about this movie","Slow Burn is a 1989 film directed by John Eyres and starring Ivan Rogers, William Smith, Anthony James and Stephen M.D. Chang. A veteran cop's partner is killed by a Mafia hitman, and he goes after him. Also on the trail of the hitman is a rookie cop who has his own personal reasons for pursuing him.","1. The 1989 movie Slow Burn, starring Ivan Rogers, William Smith, Anthony James, and Stephen M.D. Chang, was directed by John Eyres. 2. A Mafia hitman kills a veteran cop's partner, and the veteran cop then pursues the hitman. 3. A rookie cop who is pursuing the hitman for personal reasons is also after him.",summarization Name five teams in the German Bundesliga.,,"Five teams in the German Bundesliga are Bayern Munich, Union Berlin, RB Leipzig, Dortmund, and Leverkusen.",open_qa Who are the almoravids ?,"The Almoravid dynasty (Arabic: المرابطون, romanized: Al-Murābiṭūn, lit. 'those from the ribats') was an imperial Berber Muslim dynasty centered in the territory of present-day Morocco. It established an empire in the 11th century that stretched over the western Maghreb and Al-Andalus, starting in the 1050s and lasting until its fall to the Almohads in 1147. The Almoravid capital was Marrakesh, a city founded by the Almoravid leader Abu Bakr ibn Umar c. 1070. The dynasty emerged from a coalition of the Lamtuna, Gudala, and Massufa, nomadic Berber tribes living in what is now Mauritania and the Western Sahara, traversing the territory between the Draa, the Niger, and the Senegal rivers. .","The Almoravid was imperial Berber Muslim Dynasty. They rulled in Morocco from 1050 until 1147 and Marrakech were their capital. They emerged from a coalition of the Lamtuna, Massufa and Gudala, nomad berbers l.",summarization How many hours does it take to drive 12 miles on this road?,"TELLURIDE ——> CITY OF GOLD 12 MILES - 2 HOURS YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE CRAZY TO DRIVE THIS ROAD - BUT IT HELPS JEEPS ONLY",2 hours,closed_qa What is the proper greeting for Passover?,,chag sameach,open_qa What are some different types of natural disasters?,,"Types of natural disasters include: Forest Fires, Tsunamis, Earthquakes, Volcanic Eruptions, Hurricanes, Tornados, and Avalanches.",classification What kind of u-boat was the SM U-30,SM U-30[Note 1] was one of 329 U-boat submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. She engaged in commerce warfare as part of the First Battle of the Atlantic. U-30 is significant for the torpedoing of the US tanker Gulflight on 1 May 1915 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) west of Scilly.,SM U-30 was one of 329 U-boat submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. She engaged in commerce warfare as part of the First Battle of the Atlantic. U-30 is significant for the torpedoing of the US tanker Gulflight on 1 May 1915 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) west of Scilly.,closed_qa Who wrote the song Happy Birthday Darlin,"""Happy Birthday Darlin'"" is a song written by Chuck Howard, and recorded by American country music artist Conway Twitty. It was released in October 1979 as the third and final single from his album Cross Winds. The song was Twitty's 23rd number one on the country chart as solo artist. The single stayed at number one for three weeks and spent a total of 11 weeks on the country chart. Content The song begins with the spoken lyric ""Hello, Darlin',"" calling back to Twitty's 1970 hit of the same name that starts in the same way. The song otherwise tells a narrative through the eyes of a man who vows to right a number of wrongs in his relationship. Here, instead of giving his wife a present for her birthday, he vows to take some things away, such as suspicion, lonely moments, ""so-so kisses"" and doubt, replacing them with such things as faith and companionship. In the end, the man confidently says that his wife can tell friends, ""He didn’t give me anything but he sure took a lot of things away.""","Happy Birthday Darlin' is a song written by Chuck Howard, and recorded by American country music artist Conway Twitty. It was released in October 1979 as the third and final single from his album Cross Winds. The song was Twitty's 23rd number one on the country chart as solo artist. The single stayed at number one for three weeks and spent a total of 11 weeks on the country chart. The song begins with the spoken lyric Hello, Darlin' calling back to Twitty's 1970 hit of the same name that starts in the same way. The song otherwise tells a narrative through the eyes of a man who vows to right a number of wrongs in his relationship. Here, instead of giving his wife a present for her birthday, he vows to take some things away, such as suspicion, lonely moments, ""so-so kisses"" and doubt, replacing them with such things as faith and companionship. In the end, the man confidently says that his wife can tell friends, ""He didn’t give me anything but he sure took a lot of things away.""",summarization Could you tell me how Cao Cao's fleet got destroyed during the battle of Red Cliffs based on this paragraph?,"In 208, Cao Cao marched south with his army hoping to quickly unify the empire. Liu Biao's son Liu Cong surrendered Jing Province and Cao was able to capture a sizable fleet at Jiangling. Sun Quan, the successor to Sun Ce in the lower Yangtze, continued to resist. His advisor Lu Su secured an alliance with Liu Bei, himself a recent refugee from the north, and Zhou Yu was placed in command of Sun Quan's navy, along with a veteran general who served the Sun family, Cheng Pu. Their combined armies of 50,000 met Cao Cao's fleet and 200,000-strong force at Red Cliffs that winter. Cao Cao had to cross the mighty Yangtze River. So when he along with his fleet sailed down the river, many of his men fell to exhaustion, disease and the northerners were not very comfortable on ships and the marshy terrain. So when the two sides met for war at Wulin, Cao Cao wasn’t able to inflict any defeat on the Allied Force. On the other hand, General Huang Gai of Sun Quan’s army came up with a sneaky plan. He sent a forged letter to Cao Cao, stating that he and others wanted to inflict to his side and they would also bring some of the finest ships of the allies. But little did Cao know that the ships were full of flammable reeds. So when they sailed and approached his fleet, they were set alight and they destroyed Cao Cao’s fleet and camps. Seeing the hopeless situation, Cao Cao ordered his army for a difficult retreat through the Marshlands, during which more of his men fell to disease and exhaustion. The allied victory at Red Cliffs ensured the survival of Liu Bei and Sun Quan, and provided the basis for the states of Shu and Wu.","Cao Cao's fleet got set on fire by the General Huang Gai. Huang Gai initially informed Cao Cao that he'd betray the Allied Force formed by Liu Bei and Sun Quan. But Huang Gai was actually trying to take this chance to send ships loaded with flammable reeds to Cao Cao's fleet. Cao Cao took the bait and accepted the offer from Huang Gai. Then, when Huang Gai's ships arrived, the Allied Force set Cao Cao's fleet and camps on fire and essentially destroyed Cao Cao's army.",closed_qa What is a circle?,,"A circle is a geometric shape. It is primarily defined by a center point, and a circumference around that point at a fixed radius. What differs a circle from other shapes is that it does not have any edges.",open_qa what is petrified wood,"Petrified wood, also known as petrified tree (from Ancient Greek πέτρα meaning 'rock' or 'stone'; literally 'wood turned into stone'), is the name given to a special type of fossilized wood, the fossilized remains of terrestrial vegetation. Petrifaction is the result of a tree or tree-like plants having been replaced by stone via a mineralization process that often includes permineralization and replacement. The organic materials making up cell walls have been replicated with minerals (mostly silica in the form of opal, chalcedony, or quartz). In some instances, the original structure of the stem tissue may be partially retained. Unlike other plant fossils, which are typically impressions or compressions, petrified wood is a three-dimensional representation of the original organic material. The petrifaction process occurs underground, when wood becomes buried in water or volcanic ash. The presence of water reduces the availability of oxygen which inhibits aerobic decomposition by bacteria and fungi. Mineral-laden water flowing through the sediments may lead to permineralization, which occurs when minerals precipitate out of solution filling the interiors of cells and other empty spaces. During replacement, the plant's cell walls act as a template for mineralization. There needs to be a balance between the decay of cellulose and lignin and mineral templating for cellular detail to be preserved with fidelity. Most of the organic matter often decomposes, however some of the lignin may remain. Silica in the form of opal-A, can encrust and permeate wood relatively quickly in hot spring environments. However, petrified wood is most commonly associated with trees that were buried in fine grained sediments of deltas and floodplains or volcanic lahars and ash beds. A forest where such material has petrified becomes known as a petrified forest.","Petrified wood is one of fossils, it is a plant which the inner part has been replaced by stone by compressions and impressions through millions of years",summarization What was the name of Dr Dolittle’s Parrot,,Polynesia,open_qa Extract the names of the founders of Genoa C.F.C from the text?,"In Italy, Genoa C.F.C. is the oldest active football club: it was founded by Charles De Grave Sells, S. Green, George Blake, W. Rilley, George Dormer Fawcus, H.M. Sandys, E. De Thierry, Johnathan Summerhill Sr., Johnathan Summerhill Jr. and Sir Charles Alfred Payton in Genoa on 7 September 1893. However, Genoa C.F.C. was not the first Italian football club, being Torino Football & Cricket Club (1887) but its history lasted only for 4 years. Founded by Edoardo Bosio (owner of Bosio & Caratsch, the earliest brewery in Italy), the team broke up in 1891. Older than Genoa and Torino is Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Fanfulla, a sports club founded in Lodi in 1873, but its football section was established thirty-five years later in 1908.","The founders of Genoa C.F.C are Charles De Grave Sells, S. Green, George Blake, W. Rilley, George Dormer Fawcus, H.M. Sandys, E. De Thierry, Johnathan Summerhill Sr., Johnathan Summerhill Jr. and Sir Charles Alfred Payton.",information_extraction Suggest some action movies I can watch?,,"Mission Impossible, Goldfinger, Speed, The Magnificent Seven, Die Hard and Top Gun are all great Action movies.",brainstorming How to make a traditional cup of English tea?,,Add loose leaf tea to a china teapot and add near boiling water. Allow the tea to brew for 4-5 minutes. Following this time pour the tea through a tea strainer to catch the loose leaves and for the brewed tea to flow into a tea cup. Fill the cup three quarters high and add milk and sugar to your taste. Enjoy your traditional cup of English tea.,open_qa What are the words of House Mormont?,,"""Here We Stand""",open_qa "Who amongst these are from India: Virat Kohli, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, Serena Williams, Andre Agassi, Sachin Tendulkar, Ricky Ponting, Anil Kumble, Harmanpreet Kaur, Mithali Raj, Sarah Taylor.",,"Virat Kohli, Sachin Tendulkar, Harmanpreet Kaur, Mithali Raj are players from India.",classification What are all the books in the Lord of the Rings trilogy?,"Although often called a trilogy, the work was intended by Tolkien to be one volume of a two-volume set along with The Silmarillion.[T 3] For economic reasons, The Lord of the Rings was published over the course of a year from 29 July 1954 to 20 October 1955 in three volumes titled The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King. The work is divided internally into six books, two per volume, with several appendices of background material. Some later editions print the entire work in a single volume, following the author's original intent.","The Lord of the Rings trilogy is comprised of: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers and The Return of the King.",closed_qa What is molecular biology?,,"Molecular biology is the branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions.[ The study of chemical and physical structure of biological macromolecules is known as molecular biology. Molecular biology was first described as an approach focused on the underpinnings of biological phenomena - uncovering the structures of biological molecules as well as their interactions, and how these interactions explain observations of classical biology. In 1945 the term molecular biology was used by physicist William Astbury. In 1953 Francis Crick, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and colleagues, working at Medical Research Council unit, Cavendish laboratory, Cambridge (now the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology), made a double helix model of DNA which changed the entire research scenario. They proposed the DNA structure based on previous research done by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. This research then lead to finding DNA material in other microorganisms, plants and animals. Molecular biology is not simply the study of biological molecules and their interactions; rather, it is also a collection of techniques developed since the field's genesis which have enabled scientists to learn about molecular processes. In this way it has both complemented and improved biochemistry and genetics as methods (of understanding nature) that began before its advent. One notable technique which has revolutionized the field is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which was developed in 1983. PCR is a reaction which amplifies small quantities of DNA, and it is used in many applications across scientific disciplines. The central dogma of molecular biology describes the process in which DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein. Molecular biology also plays a critical role in the understanding of structures, functions, and internal controls within individual cells, all of which can be used to efficiently target new drugs, diagnose disease, and better understand cell physiology. Some clinical research and medical therapies arising from molecular biology are covered under gene therapy whereas the use of molecular biology or molecular cell biology in medicine is now referred to as molecular medicine.",open_qa What is the difference between a simile and a metaphor?,,"Similes describe similarities using words such as ""like"" and ""as"" which make explicit comparisons whereas metaphors compare things using implicit comparisons.",open_qa "Give me a popular quote from book, ""The Little Prince"".",,"The Little Prince might look like a children's book from cover, it is a book with full of wisdom bits for all readers. One of the most referred quote is ""And now here is my secret, a very simple secret: It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye.""",brainstorming What is an Oxford comma and why do editors have such strong feelings about their use?,,"An Oxford comma is a comma before the last item in a series or list. For example take the following two statements: I was chased by the fox, the bear and the dog. I was chased by the fox, the bear, and the dog. The meaning is the same but the second statement contains an Oxford comma. Some say the Oxford comma adds clarity to some statements. This is apparent when there can be ambiguity between a list and an appositive. Take the following two example statements: We went to dinner with our coaches, Chris and Terry. We went to dinner with our coaches, Chris, and Terry. The first statement can appear to imply that we went to dinner with two people whose names are Chris and Terry who are both our coaches. There is no such implication that can be extracted from the second statement. The second statement implies we went to dinner with at least 4 people: Chris, Terry, and at least two coaches. This type of ambiguity is what proponents of the Oxford comma latch onto in its defense. On the other hand, opponents of the Oxford comma claim it should be avoided in favor of rewording sentences when necessary. The sentence: We went to dinner with our coaches, Chris, and Terry. Can easily be reworded as: We went to dinner with Chris and Terry, as well as our coaches. The ""as well as"" language is claimed to be more clear than the Oxford comma albeit less concise. Editors who oppose the Oxford comma typically privilege clarity over conciseness.",open_qa What is the coldest month in Warsaw and how cold does it get on average?,"Warsaw has cold, sometimes snowy, cloudy winters, and warm, relatively sunny but frequently stormy summers. Spring and autumn can be unpredictable, highly prone to sudden weather changes; however, temperatures are usually mild, especially around May and September. The daily average temperature ranges between −1.5 °C (29 °F) in January and 19.7 °C (67.5 °F) in July and the mean year temperature is 9.0 °C (48.2 °F). Temperatures may reach 30 °C (86 °F) in the summer, although the effects of hot weather are usually offset by relatively low dew points and large diurnal temperature differences. Warsaw is Europe's sixth driest major city (driest in Central Europe), with yearly rainfall averaging 482 mm (19.0 in), the wettest month being July.","The coldest month in Warsaw is January. On average, the temperature then is −1.5 °C, which is 29 °F.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph about the experiment that led to the discovery of penicillin by Sir Alexander Fleming, tell me upon which types of bacteria penicillin has an anti-bacterial effect, and list the conditions that were necessary for the discovery of penicillin","By 1927, Fleming had been investigating the properties of staphylococci. He was already well known from his earlier work, and had developed a reputation as a brilliant researcher. In 1928, he studied the variation of Staphylococcus aureus grown under natural condition, after the work of Joseph Warwick Bigger, who discovered that the bacterium could grow into a variety of types (strains). On 3 September 1928, Fleming returned to his laboratory having spent a holiday with his family at Suffolk. Before leaving for his holiday, he inoculated staphylococci on culture plates and left them on a bench in a corner of his laboratory. On his return, Fleming noticed that one culture was contaminated with a fungus, and that the colonies of staphylococci immediately surrounding the fungus had been destroyed, whereas other staphylococci colonies farther away were normal, famously remarking ""That's funny"". Fleming showed the contaminated culture to his former assistant Merlin Pryce, who reminded him, ""That's how you discovered lysozyme."" He identified the mould as being from the genus Penicillium. He suspected it to be P. chrysogenum, but a colleague Charles J. La Touche identified it as P. rubrum. (It was later corrected as P. notatum and then officially accepted as P. chrysogenum; in 2011, it was resolved as P. rubens.) The laboratory in which Fleming discovered and tested penicillin is preserved as the Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum in St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington. The source of the fungal contaminant was established in 1966 as coming from La Touche's room, which was directly below Fleming's. Fleming grew the mould in a pure culture and found that the culture broth contained an antibacterial substance. He investigated its anti-bacterial effect on many organisms, and noticed that it affected bacteria such as staphylococci and many other Gram-positive pathogens that cause scarlet fever, pneumonia, meningitis and diphtheria, but not typhoid fever or paratyphoid fever, which are caused by Gram-negative bacteria, for which he was seeking a cure at the time. It also affected Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which causes gonorrhoea, although this bacterium is Gram-negative. After some months of calling it ""mould juice"" or ""the inhibitor"", he gave the name penicillin on 7 March 1929 for the antibacterial substance present in the mould.","Penicillin has an anti-bacterial effect of a number of Gram-positive bacteria including but not limited to the bacteria that cause meningitis, diptheria, pneumonia, scarlet fever. It also acts on (Gram-positive) staphylococci bacteria which cause skin and soft tissue infections such as boils. Penicillin was also found to have an anti-bacterial action on the Gram-negative bacteria which causes gonorrhoea. There were a series of fortuitous circumstances which combined to allow the discovery of penicillin, one of which was Sir Alexander's choice to take a holiday with his family after leaving staphylococci bacteria in a culture in his lab before departure. Anecdotally Sir Alexander was a little sloppy with lab hygiene which contributed to his previous discovery of lysozyme and it seems the same lack of care was partly responsible for the discovery of penicillin. Lastly the specific location of his lab and cultures played a role - the fungal contaminant that had an anti-bacterial effect on the staphylococci culture came from Sir Alexander's colleagues lab one floor below",closed_qa What are three popular women's fashion rental services?,,"Rent the Runway, Nuuly, and FashionPass",open_qa How many of the Lira satellites were successful?,"Kosmos 1375 was placed into a low Earth orbit with a perigee of 986 kilometres (613 mi), an apogee of 1,003 kilometres (623 mi), 65.8 degrees of inclination, and an orbital period of 105 minutes. On 18 June 1982, it was successfully intercepted and destroyed by Kosmos 1379 in the final Soviet anti-satellite weapons test to be conducted. As of 2022, debris is still in orbit. Kosmos 1375 was the last of ten Lira satellites to be launched, of which all but the first were successful. Lira was derived from the earlier DS-P1-M satellite, which it replaced.","10 were launched, 1 was not successful, so 10-1 = 9 were successful.",closed_qa "Which of the following are planets? Sun, Mars, Moon, Pluto, Jupiter, Neptune",,"The planets in that list are Mars, Jupiter and Neptune.",classification What is the difference between racquetball and tennis?,,"While racquetball and tennis are similar in that they both involve using a racquet to hit a ball back and forth, there are many differences between racquetball and tennis. Racquetball is played in an enclosed room where players hit the ball back and forth against the same wall. In tennis, players also hit the ball back and forth but they hit it to each other over a net. In tennis, the ball has a fuzzy outer layer which causes the ball's trajectory to be more influenced by the spin on the ball. The rackets in tennis are larger and have higher tension. A tennis court is much larger than a racquetball court measuring 78 ft long and 36 ft wide. This width is reduced in tennis to 27 ft for a singles match. These are just a few of the differences but there are many more: scoring, attire, court markings, etc.",open_qa Summarize the effectiveness of anaerobic and aerobic exercises on muscle hypertropy.,"The best approach to specifically achieve muscle growth remains controversial (as opposed to focusing on gaining strength, power, or endurance); it was generally considered that consistent anaerobic strength training will produce hypertrophy over the long term, in addition to its effects on muscular strength and endurance. Muscular hypertrophy can be increased through strength training and other short-duration, high-intensity anaerobic exercises. Lower-intensity, longer-duration aerobic exercise generally does not result in very effective tissue hypertrophy; instead, endurance athletes enhance storage of fats and carbohydrates within the muscles, as well as neovascularization.","Short-duration, high-intensity anaerobic exercises are more effective for increasing muscular tissue hypertrophy compared to lower-intensity, longer-duration aerobic exercises.",summarization What is photosynthesis?,,"Photosynthesis is the biological process by which plants use carbon dioxide, sunlight and water to create oxygen and energy.",open_qa How can Bernoulli's principle be derived from Newton's second law of motion?,"Bernoulli's principle is a key concept in fluid dynamics that relates pressure, speed and height. Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.  The principle is named after the Swiss mathematician and physicist Daniel Bernoulli, who published it in his book Hydrodynamica in 1738.Although Bernoulli deduced that pressure decreases when the flow speed increases, it was Leonhard Euler in 1752 who derived Bernoulli's equation in its usual form. The principle is only applicable for isentropic flows: when the effects of irreversible processes (like turbulence) and non-adiabatic processes (e.g. thermal radiation) are small and can be neglected. Bernoulli's principle can be derived from the principle of conservation of energy. This states that, in a steady flow, the sum of all forms of energy in a fluid is the same at all points that are free of viscous forces. This requires that the sum of kinetic energy, potential energy and internal energy remains constant. Thus an increase in the speed of the fluid—implying an increase in its kinetic energy (dynamic pressure)—occurs with a simultaneous decrease in (the sum of) its potential energy (including the static pressure) and internal energy. If the fluid is flowing out of a reservoir, the sum of all forms of energy is the same because in a reservoir the energy per unit volume (the sum of pressure and gravitational potential ρ g h) is the same everywhere. Bernoulli's principle can also be derived directly from Isaac Newton's second Law of Motion. If a small volume of fluid is flowing horizontally from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure, then there is more pressure behind than in front. This gives a net force on the volume, accelerating it along the streamline. Fluid particles are subject only to pressure and their own weight. If a fluid is flowing horizontally and along a section of a streamline, where the speed increases it can only be because the fluid on that section has moved from a region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure; and if its speed decreases, it can only be because it has moved from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. Consequently, within a fluid flowing horizontally, the highest speed occurs where the pressure is lowest, and the lowest speed occurs where the pressure is highest.","Bernoulli's principle can be derived directly from Isaac Newton's second Law of Motion. If a small volume of fluid is flowing horizontally from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure, then there is more pressure behind than in front. This gives a net force on the volume, accelerating it along the streamline.",summarization Provide a list of ways musicians can earn income from their music craft.,,"Paid live music performances Earning music royalties from your recorded music when it is commercially played, performed or streamed Getting paid music sync licensing fees for your recorded music to appear in TV, film, or video games Artist or band merchandise sales Getting paid to provide voice or instrument lessons to others looking to learn Paid artist endorsements or sponsorships for other products Sale of no longer used or needed instruments or music equipment to others who can use them Writing, recording and delivering a commissioned song for a particular buyer to commemorate a special person or occasion",brainstorming "Based on this excerpt, what are the main topological elements of Seattle, Washington?","Seattle is located between the saltwater Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific Ocean) to the west and Lake Washington to the east. The city's chief harbor, Elliott Bay, is part of Puget Sound, which makes the city an oceanic port. To the west, beyond Puget Sound, are the Kitsap Peninsula and Olympic Mountains on the Olympic Peninsula; to the east, beyond Lake Washington and the Eastside suburbs, are Lake Sammamish and the Cascade Range. Lake Washington's waters flow to Puget Sound through the Lake Washington Ship Canal (consisting of two man-made canals, Lake Union, and the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks at Salmon Bay, ending in Shilshole Bay on Puget Sound).[citation needed] The sea, rivers, forests, lakes, and fields surrounding Seattle were once rich enough to support one of the world's few sedentary hunter-gatherer societies. The surrounding area lends itself well to sailing, skiing, bicycling, camping, and hiking year-round. The city itself is hilly, though not uniformly so. Like Rome, the city is said to lie on seven hills; the lists vary but typically include Capitol Hill, First Hill, West Seattle, Beacon Hill, Queen Anne, Magnolia, and the former Denny Hill. The Wallingford, Delridge, Mount Baker, Seward Park, Washington Park, Broadmoor, Madrona, Phinney Ridge, Sunset Hill, Blue Ridge, Broadview, Laurelhurst, Hawthorne Hills, Maple Leaf, and Crown Hill neighborhoods are all located on hills as well. Many of the hilliest areas are near the city center, with Capitol Hill, First Hill, and Beacon Hill collectively constituting something of a ridge along an isthmus between Elliott Bay and Lake Washington. The break in the ridge between First Hill and Beacon Hill is man-made, the result of two of the many regrading projects that reshaped the topography of the city center. The topography of the city center was also changed by the construction of a seawall and the artificial Harbor Island (completed 1909) at the mouth of the city's industrial Duwamish Waterway, the terminus of the Green River. The highest point within city limits is at High Point in West Seattle, which is roughly located near 35th Ave SW and SW Myrtle St. Other notable hills include Crown Hill, View Ridge/Wedgwood/Bryant, Maple Leaf, Phinney Ridge, Mt. Baker Ridge, and Highlands/Carkeek/Bitterlake.[citation needed] North of the city center, Lake Washington Ship Canal connects Puget Sound to Lake Washington. It incorporates four natural bodies of water: Lake Union, Salmon Bay, Portage Bay, and Union Bay.[citation needed] Due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, Seattle is in a major earthquake zone. On February 28, 2001, the magnitude 6.8 Nisqually earthquake did significant architectural damage, especially in the Pioneer Square area (built on reclaimed land, as are the Industrial District and part of the city center), and caused one fatality. Other strong quakes occurred on January 26, 1700 (estimated at 9 magnitude), December 14, 1872 (7.3 or 7.4), April 13, 1949 (7.1), and April 29, 1965 (6.5). The 1965 quake caused three deaths in Seattle directly and one more by heart failure. Although the Seattle Fault passes just south of the city center, neither it nor the Cascadia subduction zone has caused an earthquake since the city's founding. The Cascadia subduction zone poses the threat of an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or greater, capable of seriously damaging the city and collapsing many buildings, especially in zones built on fill. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 142.5 square miles (369 km2), 83.9 square miles (217 km2) of which is land and 58.7 square miles (152 km2), water (41.16% of the total area).[citation needed]","Seattle is contained by 2 main bodies of water, the Puget Sound and Lake Washington. Between these two bodies of water there is a ridge, consisting of several neighborhoods along the top of the ridge. The city in general is hilly, with many other neighborhoods on hills that are not along the main ridge.",summarization "Which of these are Hindu Gods and Goddesses: Ganesh, Krishna, Prachin, Kalash, Ram, Durga",,"Ganesh, Krishna, Ram are Hindu Gods and Durga is Hindu Goddess.",classification What kind of milk is Vietnamese coffee often served with?,,Vietnamese coffee is often brewed over sweetened condensed milk.,open_qa "From the passage below, please extract the most recent country to join NATO.","NATO is a military alliance of twenty-nine European and two North American countries that constitutes a system of collective defense. The process of joining the alliance is governed by Article 10 of the North Atlantic Treaty, which allows for the invitation of ""other European States"" only and by subsequent agreements. Countries wishing to join must meet certain requirements and complete a multi-step process involving political dialog and military integration. The accession process is overseen by the North Atlantic Council, NATO's governing body. NATO was formed in 1949 with twelve founding members and has added new members nine times. The first additions were Greece and Turkey in 1952. In May 1955, West Germany joined NATO, which was one of the conditions agreed to as part of the end of the country's occupation by France, the United Kingdom, and the United States, prompting the Soviet Union to form their own collective security alliance (commonly called the Warsaw Pact) later that month. Following the end of the Franco regime, newly-democratic Spain chose to join NATO in 1982. In 1990, the negotiators reached an agreement that a reunified Germany would be in NATO under West Germany's existing membership. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 led many former Warsaw Pact and post-Soviet states to initiate discussions about joining NATO. Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic became NATO members in 1999, amid much debate within NATO itself and Russian opposition. NATO then formalized the process of joining the organization with ""Membership Action Plans"", which aided the accession of seven Central and Eastern Europe countries shortly before the 2004 Istanbul summit: Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Two countries on the Adriatic Sea—Albania and Croatia—joined on 1 April 2009 before the 2009 Strasbourg–Kehl summit. The next member states to join NATO were Montenegro on 5 June 2017, North Macedonia on 27 March 2020 and Finland on 4 April 2023. Russia's invasion of Ukraine prompted Finland and Sweden to apply for NATO membership in May 2022, and the ratification process for Sweden is in progress. Finland officially joined on 4 April 2023. Ukraine applied for NATO membership in September 2022 after Russia claimed to annex part of its territory. Two other states have formally informed NATO of their membership aspirations: Bosnia and Herzegovina and Georgia. Kosovo also aspires to join NATO. Joining the alliance is a debate topic in several other European countries outside the alliance, including Austria, Ireland, Malta, Moldova, and Serbia.","Russia's invasion of Ukraine prompted Finland and Sweden to apply for NATO membership in May 2022. Finland officially joined NATO on April 4, 2023.",information_extraction List down some facts about Shandao temple using given passage as a reference,"Shandao Temple (formerly transliterated as Shantao Temple Station until 2003), secondary station name Huashan, is a station on the Bannan line of Taipei Metro in Zhongzheng District, Taipei, Taiwan. It is named after the Shandao Temple.","1. Shandao Temple, also known as Huashan, is a station on the Bannan line of the Taipei Metro in the Zhongzheng District of Taipei, Taiwan. It was formerly transliterated as Shantao Temple Station until 2003. 2. It bears the Shandao Temple's name.",summarization "In the Impeachment proceeding against Donald Trump, the motion was passed by?",,229 votes against 197 in the House of Representatives,open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Great White Shark, Patagotitan",,"Patagotitan is extinct, Great White Shark is alive.",classification What percentage of Manewra's population work for the government?,"Manewra (Maneora) is a small village in Phalodi tehsil, Jodhpur district, Rajasthan, India. Its population is one thousand. Most of the people in the village are Bishnoi, subcaste Bhanwal, but in ten houses there are Meghwal, and in one Lohar. Manewra is situated near Champasar (4 km.), Ajasar (5 km.), Kharia (4 km0, choutin/laxmannagar (11 km.) and Chadi 15 km . Its postal pin code is 342312. In this village two hundred person are in government service. Most are in the Indian army and some are teachers. Other are farmers, but agriculture depends on the weather, as there are no facilities for irrigation water, so villagers depend on the rainy season.",20 percent. 200 / 1000 = 20%,closed_qa Brainstorm a list of snacks to pack for a 3 year old and a 1 year old on a road trip,,"Juice boxes, fruit pouches, water bottles, gold fish, cheese it’s, cheese and crackers, strawberries, blueberries, rice crispy treats, milk, fruit snacks",brainstorming What was the Bismarck battleship?,"Bismarck was the first of two Bismarck-class battleships built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Named after Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, the ship was laid down at the Blohm & Voss shipyard in Hamburg in July 1936 and launched in February 1939. Work was completed in August 1940, when she was commissioned into the German fleet. Bismarck and her sister ship Tirpitz were the largest battleships ever built by Germany, and two of the largest built by any European power. In the course of the warship's eight-month career, Bismarck conducted only one offensive operation that lasted 8 days in May 1941, codenamed Rheinübung. The ship, along with the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen, was to break into the Atlantic Ocean and raid Allied shipping from North America to Great Britain. The two ships were detected several times off Scandinavia, and British naval units were deployed to block their route. At the Battle of the Denmark Strait, the battlecruiser HMS Hood initially engaged Prinz Eugen, probably by mistake, while HMS Prince of Wales engaged Bismarck. In the ensuing battle Hood was destroyed by the combined fire of Bismarck and Prinz Eugen, which then damaged Prince of Wales and forced her retreat. Bismarck suffered sufficient damage from three hits by Prince of Wales to force an end to the raiding mission. The destruction of Hood spurred a relentless pursuit by the Royal Navy involving dozens of warships. Two days later, heading for occupied France to effect repairs, Bismarck was attacked by fifteen Fairey Swordfish torpedo bombers from the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal; one scored a hit that rendered the battleship's steering gear inoperable. In her final battle the following morning, the already-crippled Bismarck was engaged by two British battleships and two heavy cruisers, and sustained incapacitating damage and heavy loss of life. The ship was scuttled to prevent her being boarded by the British, and to allow the ship to be abandoned so as to limit further casualties. Most experts agree that the battle damage would have caused her to sink eventually. The wreck was located in June 1989 by Robert Ballard, and has since been further surveyed by several other expeditions.",The Bismarck was a battleship built for the German Navy in World War 2. After one offensive engagement where it helped sink the ship HMS Hood the Bismarck became a priority target of the British Navy and was sunk by German forces after suffering catastrophic damage after only 8 months of service.,information_extraction "From the text, please extract and list Nokia's market capitalization timeline.","Nokia is a public limited liability company and is the oldest company listed under the same name on the Helsinki Stock Exchange, beginning in 1915. Nokia has had a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange since 1994. Nokia shares were delisted from the London Stock Exchange in 2003, the Paris Stock Exchange in 2004, the Stockholm Stock Exchange in 2007 and the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in 2012. Due to the acquisition of Alcatel-Lucent in 2015, Nokia listed its shares again on the Paris Stock Exchange and was included in the CAC 40 index on 6 January 2016 but later removed on 18 September 2017. In 2007, Nokia had a market capitalization of €110 billion; by 17 July 2012 this had fallen to €6.28 billion, and by 23 February 2015, it increased to €26.07 billion. Nokia market cap at 2020 was 21.76 billion.","Here is a timeline of Nokia's market capitalization: 1. 2007 - 110 Billion Euros 2. 2012 - 6.28 Billion Euros 3. 2015 - 26.07 Billion Euros 4. 2020 - 21.76 Billion Euros",information_extraction Does Belgrandia varica live in the ocean?,"Belgrandia varica is a species of minute freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Hydrobiidae.","No, Belgrandia varica lives in freshwater.",closed_qa Name three professional sports teams in Boston.,,"Three professional sports teams in Boston are the Boston Celtics, Boston Bruins, and Boston Red Sox.",open_qa Which countries are referred to as tiger economy?,"A tiger economy is the economy of a country which undergoes rapid economic growth, usually accompanied by an increase in the standard of living. The term was originally used for the Four Asian Tigers (South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore) as tigers are important in Asian symbolism, which also inspired the Tiger Cub Economies (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines). The Asian Tigers also inspired other economies later on; the Anatolian Tigers (certain cities in Turkey) in the 1980s, the Gulf Tiger (Dubai) in the 1990s, the Celtic Tiger (Republic of Ireland) in 1995–2000, the Baltic tigers (Baltic states) in 2000–2007, and the Tatra Tiger (Slovakia) in 2002–2007.","The term ""Tiger Economy"" originally used for the South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. It also inspired ""Tiger Cub Economies"" - Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines.",information_extraction List the Pixar movies that were nominated for Academy Awards but did not win.,"Pixar has produced 26 feature films, starting with Toy Story (1995), which is the first fully computer-animated feature film; its most recent film was Lightyear (2022). The studio has also produced many short films. As of July 2019, its feature films have earned approximately $14 billion at the worldwide box office, with an average worldwide gross of $680 million per film. Toy Story 3 (2010), Finding Dory (2016), Incredibles 2 (2018), and Toy Story 4 (2019) are all among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time. Incredibles 2 is the studio's highest grossing film as well as the fourth-highest-grossing animated film of all time, with a gross of $1.2 billion; the other three also grossed over $1 billion. Moreover, 15 of Pixar's films are in the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time. Pixar has earned 23 Academy Awards, 10 Golden Globe Awards, and 11 Grammy Awards, along with numerous other awards and acknowledgments. Its films are frequently nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since its inauguration in 2001, with eleven winners being Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), Ratatouille (2007), WALL-E (2008), Up (2009), Toy Story 3 (2010), Brave (2012), Inside Out (2015), Coco (2017), Toy Story 4 (2019), and Soul (2020). The six nominated films that did not win are Monsters, Inc. (2001), Cars (2006), Incredibles 2 (2018), Onward (2020), Luca (2021) and Turning Red (2022). While Cars 2 (2011), Monsters University (2013), The Good Dinosaur (2015), Finding Dory (2016), Cars 3 (2017) and the aforementioned Lightyear were not nominated. In addition, Toy Story 3 and Up were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. On February 10, 2009, Pixar executives John Lasseter, Brad Bird, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton, and Lee Unkrich were presented with the Golden Lion award for Lifetime Achievement by the Venice Film Festival. The physical award was ceremoniously handed to Lucasfilm's founder, George Lucas.","Monsters, Inc. (2001), Cars (2006), Incredibles 2 (2018), Onward (2020), Luca (2021), Turning Red (2022)",information_extraction Who was India's first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister,,Sardar Vallabhai Patel,open_qa What is RBI?,,"The Reserve Bank of India, chiefly known as RBI, is India's central bank and regulatory body responsible for regulation of the Indian banking system. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Finance, Government of India. It is responsible for the control, issue and maintaining supply of the Indian rupee. It also manages the country's main payment systems and works to promote its economic development. Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran (BRBNM) is a specialised division of RBI through which it prints and mints Indian currency notes (INR) in four of its currency printing presses located in Nashik (Maharashtra; Western India), Dewas (Madhya Pradesh; Central India), Mysore (Karnataka; Southern India) and Salboni (West Bengal; Eastern India). The RBI established the National Payments Corporation of India as one of its specialised division to regulate the payment and settlement systems in India. Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation was established by RBI as one of its specialised division for the purpose of providing insurance of deposits and guaranteeing of credit facilities to all Indian banks.",open_qa What is a bond,,"A bond is a fixed-income instrument that represents a loan made by an investor to a borrower (typically corporate or governmental). A bond could be thought of as an I.O.U. between the lender and borrower that includes the details of the loan and its payments. Bonds are used by companies, municipalities, states, and sovereign governments to finance projects and operations. Owners of bonds are debtholders, or creditors, of the issuer. Bond details include the end date when the principal of the loan is due to be paid to the bond owner and usually include the terms for variable or fixed interest payments made by the borrower.",open_qa Provide all the key information about how the look and the names for the white ibis,"The Australian white ibis (Threskiornis molucca) is a wading bird of the ibis family, Threskiornithidae. It is widespread across much of Australia. It has a predominantly white plumage with a bare, black head, long downcurved bill and black legs. While it is closely related to the African sacred ibis, the Australian white ibis is a native Australian bird – contrary to urban myth, it is not a feral species introduced to Australia by people, and it does not come from Egypt. Historically rare in urban areas, the Australian white ibis has established in urban areas of the east coast in increasing numbers since the late 1970s; it is now commonly seen in Wollongong, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide (where it mostly is in Mawson Lakes wetlands), Darwin, the Gold Coast, Brisbane and Townsville. In recent years, the bird has also become increasingly common in Perth, Western Australia, and surrounding towns in south-western Australia. Populations have disappeared from natural breeding areas such as the Macquarie Marshes in northern New South Wales. Management plans have been introduced to control problematic urban populations in Sydney. Due to its increasing presence in the urban environment and its habit of rummaging in garbage, the species has acquired a variety of colloquial names such as ""tip turkey"" and ""bin chicken"", and in recent years has become an icon of Australia's popular culture, regarded with glee by some and passionate revulsion by others.","The White Ibis, also known colloquially as the ""tip turkey"" and ""bin chicken"" is known for it's white feathers, black head and long curved bill and legs.",summarization Tell me whether these are popular sports are more popular in United States of America or in Australia.,,"Basketball, American Football, Baseball, and Lacrosse are more popular in the United States of America. Soccer, Australian Rules Football, Rugby, and Cricket are more popular in Australia.",classification What is the best city in Ohio?,,Columbus,creative_writing "Which of the following drinks are considered safe for children? Beer, cocktail, coffee, tea, boba, juice, water, milk, coke, lemonade.",,"Water, lemonade, milk, and juice are generally safe for children, even though excessive intake of lemonade / juice can lead to obesity / dental problems. Coffee, tea, boba and coke should be limited (if not completely avoided) since they contain caffeine. Alcoholic drinks like beer and cocktail are not safe for children and should be avoided completely.",classification "Given a reference text about Magic the Gathering decks, please suggest cards I should consider in a Midrange deck.","Most classifications of Magic the Gathering decks begin from one of four major strategies: aggro, control, combo and midrange. Aggro Aggro (short for ""aggressive"") decks attempt to reduce their opponents from 20 life to 0 life as quickly as possible, rather than emphasize a long-term game plan. Aggro decks focus on converting their cards into damage; they prefer to engage in a race for tempo rather than a card advantage-based attrition war. Aggro generally relies upon creatures as its accumulative source of damage. Aggro decks can quickly overwhelm unprepared opponents and proceed to eke out the last bit of damage they need to end the game. Aggro decks also generally have access to disruptive elements, which can inhibit the opponent's attempts to respond. Example cards: Savannah Lions, Bitterblossom, Lightning Bolt, Rogue Elephant, Incinerate Example decks: White Weenie, which uses small, efficient creatures such as Savannah Lions, Icatian Javelineers, and Mother of Runes Affinity, which uses the affinity mechanic and large numbers of artifacts to quickly play spells such as Thoughtcast and Frogmite, while efficiently dealing damage using Disciple of the Vault and Arcbound Ravager. Zoo, which uses low-cost, high power creatures such as Tarmogoyf and Wild Nacatl to kill the opponent quickly. Sligh, which utilizes its mana as efficiently as possible to kill the opponent quickly, using low-cost cards such as Jackal Pup and Lightning Bolt. Suicide Black, which uses efficient but dangerous cards that cost life such as Thoughtseize, Dark Confidant, Grim Tutor, and Bitterblossom. Suicide Black epitomizes Black's philosophy—win at all costs—and treats even its life total as an expendable resource. Control Control decks avoid racing. They attempt to slow the game down by executing an attrition plan. As the game progresses, control decks are able to take advantage of their slower, more powerful, cards. The primary strength of control decks is their ability to devalue the opponent’s cards. They do this in four ways: Answering threats at a reduced cost. Given the opportunity, Control decks can gain card advantage by answering multiple threats with one spell (""clearing""/""wiping"" the board), stopping expensive threats with cheaper spells, and drawing multiple cards or forcing the opponent to discard multiple cards with one spell. Not playing threats to be answered. By playing few proactive spells of their own, control decks gain virtual card advantage by reducing the usefulness of opposing removal cards. Disrupting synergies. Even if control decks do not deal with every threat directly, they can leave out whichever ones stand poorly on their own; e.g., an enchantment which gives a bonus to creatures will never need attention if all enemy creatures are quickly neutralized. Dragging the game out past opposing preparations. An opponent's faster, efficient cards will become less effective over time. Example cards: Force of Will, Duress, Wrath of God, Pernicious Deed, Void Example decks: Tezzeret Control, which controls the game using counterspells such as Mana Drain, builds card advantage with cards such as Dark Confidant, and ends the game using Tezzeret the Seeker to find Time Vault and activate it for infinite turns. Mono Blue Control, which uses a heavy suite of counterspells alongside card-drawing such as Thirst for Knowledge, removal such as Echoing Truth, and a win condition such as Tezzeret the Seeker. This class of deck is nicknamed ""Draw-Go,"" because most of its players' spells are instants designed to be played during his or her opponents' turns. Blue-White Control, which is similar to Mono-Blue Control, but features more board-control cards such as Wrath of God, and Pacifism. Psychatog, supplemented by card-drawing like Fact or Fiction and a number of disruptive spells. Astral Slide, which uses large numbers of cards with cycling, including those with added benefits such as Eternal Dragon and Slice and Dice, to power Astral Slide and Lightning Rift. Mono-Black Control, which uses removal spells such as Innocent Blood and Barter in Blood to control the board, and Cabal Coffers to kill the opponent with spells such as Consume Spirit. It can also use cards like Underworld Dreams to put the opponent on a timer. The Deck, which uses card drawing such as Fact or Fiction and deck searching cards such as Demonic Tutor to find powerful cards that are highly effective against particular strategies (such as The Abyss, Diabolic Edict, and Balance), alongside a Blue base of counterspells to control the game and obtain an insurmountable lead. Combo Combo decks use the interaction of two or more cards (a ""combination"") to create a powerful effect that either wins the game immediately or creates a situation that subsequently leads to a win. Combo decks value consistency, speed, and resilience: the deck should be reliable enough to produce the combo on a regular basis, the deck should be able to use the combo fast enough to win before the opponent, and the deck should be able to withstand disruption and still win. Many decks have smaller, combo-like interactions between their cards, which is better described as synergy. Example cards: Flash, Tendrils of Agony, Empty the Warrens, Aluren, Painter's Servant. Example decks: The Perfect Storm, which utilizes Dark Ritual and artifact mana to draw cards and fuel a lethal Tendrils of Agony, all the while disrupting the opponent with Duress and Force of Will. Painter Combo, which uses Painter's Servant and chooses Blue to permit Red Elemental Blast to destroy any permanent or counter any spell, while also allowing Grindstone to put the opponent's entire library into their graveyard. Worldgorger Dragon Combo, which revolves around the infinite loop triggered when Worldgorger Dragon is animated from the graveyard using an enchantment such as Animate Dead. The loop generates mana and card drawing which is then used to end the game. Belcher Combo, which uses free and efficient mana acceleration to play and activate Goblin Charbelcher, preferably on the first turn. Because the deck has two or fewer lands, one activation of Goblin Charbelcher will almost always kill the opponent. Hulk-Flash, which is dedicated to casting Flash and putting a Protean Hulk into play and then into the graveyard, allowing the player to find a combination of creatures which will kill the opponent instantly. Summoner's Pact and Merchant Scroll are used to find the combo pieces, while Force of Will and Pact of Negation protect the combo. Steel City Vault, which uses ""Draw 7"" spells such as Timetwister to rapidly assemble the Time Vault-Voltaic Key combo for infinite turns. The deck also uses several cards such as Force of Will and Ancient Grudge to efficiently deal with Null Rod, the most effective answer to the Vault-Key combo. Hexmage Depths, which uses Vampire Hexmage to inexpensively remove the counters from Dark Depths and put a flying, indestructible 20/20 creature token into play as early as the first turn. Midrange A typical midrange deck has an early game plan of mana ramp and control, but begins to play threats once it reaches four to six mana. A midrange deck will often seek to play a reactive, attrition-based game against aggro decks and a more proactive, tempo-based game against control decks. Colloquially, this is referred to as ""going bigger"" than aggro and ""getting in under"" control. Example cards: Huntmaster of the Fells Thragtusk, Sakura-Tribe Elder Example decks: Jund Midrange (BRG), a powerful and flexible deck with virtually zero bad matchups thanks to the access of the most powerful cards that each color can offer: black gives Liliana of the Veil and powerful discard cards like Thoughtseize and Inquisition of Kozilek, red a reliable removal in Lightning Bolt and the green some of the best creatures like Tarmogoyf and Scavenging Ooze. Abzan Midrange (WBG), which is similar to Jund, but trades speed for powerful white based cards like Path to Exile, Lingering Souls and Siege Rhino. Jeskai Midrange (UWR), which has more control elements, using Sphinx's Revelation to draw into a very large number of cards and Assemble the Legion to end up swarming the board with tokens. Temur Emerge (GUR), which leverages the Emerge mechanic introduced in Eldritch Moon to efficiently use ramp creatures such as Pilgrim's Eye and Primal Druid for their land-smoothing abilities while sacrificing them to Emerge board-stalling threats such as Elder Deep-Fiend as early as turn 4, also filling the graveyard to make Emrakul, the Promised End playable on turn 7. Tron, which tries to build the triplet of lands known as ""Urzatron"" (Urza's Tower, Urza's Mine and Urza's Power Plant) as quickly as possible and then uses the massive amount of mana to play powerful cards like Karn Liberated and Wurmcoil Engine as early as turn 3.",You should consider Huntmaster of the Fells Thragtusk and Sakura-Tribe Elder,closed_qa "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Vision, Red Tornado",,"Vision is Marvel, Red Tornado is DC",classification Give me a list of popular news podcast to listen to,,"The Daily, Up First, Pod Save America, Global News Podcast, Morning Wire",brainstorming How are rainbows formed,,"Rainbows are formed by a combination of various factors: the physics of light, it's components and interaction that combined with the dynamics of the rain droplets and the angle of sun hitting the water droplets. Contrary to popular belief, the rain droplets are spherical and when light passes through this denser sphere, the light is scattered due to refraction into it's component wavelengths corresponding to the VIBGYOR pattern.",open_qa Where did Bob Ross learn to paint?,,Bob Ross took a painting class while he was stationed in Alaska.,open_qa Should I ask my partner to marry me?,,"If you love your partner and can only ever see yourself being with them, then asking them to marry you might be a good idea. If you haven’t lived with them, it might be worth trying that first, and of course you should seek advice from your friends and family before taking such a big step. Good luck!",open_qa "Based on the reference text, what was the start date and the expected completion date of the reconstruction project on the Howard Frankland bridge.","After the widening project in 1992, Interstate 275 was increased to eight lanes on the bridge itself. However, this did not increase capacity on either end of the bridge. Backups were still seen on the Howard Frankland heading into Tampa, primarily due to a bottleneck at the SR 60/Veterans Expressway exit. On the St. Petersburg side, after a comprehensive reconstruction project that took over ten years, lane counts were increased from four lanes prior to the bridge to six lanes through downtown St. Petersburg, and eight lanes from Gandy Boulevard to the bridge. A reconstruction project was planned to begin in 2017 for the new Gateway Expressway project, a plan to build a new toll road to connect different parts in Pinellas County. However, FDOT planned to reconstruct the interstate in smaller phases rather than the original larger two-phase project and the start of construction was delayed to 2020. Once the reconstruction project is finished in 2025, major traffic congestion on the Howard Frankland bridge is expected to be significantly reduced by the addition of new lanes. On January 7, 2021, FDOT postponed by a week to January 16, 2021 the start date for removing an overpass and the corresponding exit ramp over I-275. It had been scheduled to shut down by 8 p.m., EST, January 9, through January 10. This work was part of the U.S. $600 million toll road project. On January 16 to 17, 2021, workers removed the 4th street north interchange bridge (overpass) from 8 p.m. on January 16, to 12 p.m. on January 17. Exit 32 was closed until late 2021 while the new overpass is constructed. Overall construction on this large project began in fall 2020 and completion is expected in late 2025. A completely new bridge will carry southbound traffic. Once that bridge is completed, the existing southbound bridge will be converted to carry northbound traffic. When all traffic is moved to the final alignment, the existing northbound bridge will be removed. The newly built bridge for southbound traffic will include a separate pathway for pedestrian and bicycle traffic, and additional vehicle traffic lanes.[",The reconstruction project of the Howard Frankland bridge started in fall of 2020 and is expected to be completed in 2025.,closed_qa What is the difference between a shrub and a tree?,,Some biologists maintain that there is no genetic difference between shrubs and trees - some species may have expressions in tree form and shrub form. Other scientists believe that the physical form is essential and that shrubs are distinct from trees.,open_qa Extract the ways the asthma is classified and create a bulleted list.,"Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors include exposure to air pollution and allergens. Other potential triggers include medications such as aspirin and beta blockers. Diagnosis is usually based on the pattern of symptoms, response to therapy over time, and spirometry lung function testing. Asthma is classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate. It may also be classified as atopic or non-atopic, where atopy refers to a predisposition toward developing a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma","-Frequency of symptoms -FEV1 -Peak expiratory flow rate -Atopic -Non-atopic",information_extraction What Is a Request for Quote (RFQ)?,,A request for quote (RFQ) is a structured acquisition process in which a company or Govt. Agency solicits select suppliers and contractors to submit price quotes and bids for the chance to fulfill specific tasks or projects. The RFQ process is especially important to businesses or government agencies that need a consistent supply of a specific number of standard products. Companies may send RFQs alone or before a request for proposal (RFP).,open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Pterodactyl, Snow Leopard",,"Snow Leopard is alive, Pterodactyl is extinct.",classification Which Targaryen conquered Westeros?,,"Aegon Targaryen conquered Westeros, with the assistance of his sister-wives, Visenya and Rhaenys.",open_qa "Tell me which of these things are fruits or vegetables: Carrot, Apple, Orange, Potato, Peas, Broccoli, Pears",,"From the list you provided: Carrot, Potato, Peas, and Broccoli are Vegetables. The rest are fruits: Apples, Oranges and Pears.",classification Who are the greatest leg spinners in cricket history?,"Many great players in cricket history have made their imprint on the sport's annals with mind-blowing deliveries and periods that left batters scurrying for cover. Each leg spinner is unique and possesses a variety of distinct abilities and strategies. In this post, we will look at the greatest leg-break bowlers in history. They smashed the wickets, swirled the ball, and won the hearts and minds of spectators all over the world. 1. Shane Warne 2. Anil Kumble 3. Abdul Qadir 4. Richie Benaud 5. Mushtaq Ahmed","1. Shane Warne So, what can we say about the legend who single-handedly revolutionised the world of leg spin in cricket? We've all seen Warne's Ball of the Century, which left Mike Gatting puzzled as if he'd seen a ghost. Warne, one of the game's most charming athletes, is still recognised as one of the best match-winners of all time. He was unrivalled when it came to bowling with a leg spin. 2. Anil Kumble Anil Kumble, India's best wicket-taker, has 619 wickets in 132 Test matches for an average of 29.65. The superstar is recognised as one of the best and most decorated Indian cricketers in history. Kumble has the third-most wickets of all time, trailing only Muttiah Muralitharan and Shane Warne. He is also the second bowler, after Jim Laker, to ever take all ten wickets in an innings. He attained this record with a stunning 10/74 against Pakistan. 3. Abdul Qadir Abdul Qadir revitalized the dying skill of leg spin in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He was a great genius with the ball. He'd ascend from a loping, bounce-filled run-up to the wicket and hurl the ball with considerable ostentation. Qadir had many typical leg-spin presentations that changed the ball's trajectory and turn to enchant a wide range of combinations. He bowled the top spinner and the flipper with tremendous precision and effect, and he had at least two different googlies. He frequently had too many options and employed too much diversity, rather than building a rhythm. 4. Richie Benaud Richie Benaud was known as the ""Voice of Cricket."" He came to personify the game in all of its guises, from batter to captain to writer to pundit to thinker! He is considered one of cricket's all-time greats, second only to Sir Donald Bradman. Benaud is the only all-rounder on this list, as well as the only all-rounder who bowls spin. 5. Mushtaq Ahmed Mushtaq Ahmed is another Pakistani star who has made our list. He modelled his persona after Intikhab Alam and Abdul Qadir. Mushtaq was an outstanding bowler with a fiery tenacity. During a brief but energetic run-up to the wicket, the ball was delivered with a misty whirling of arms. He would implore the umpire for a favourable verdict with frenzied and wild appeals, and he would become visibly discouraged if the umpire ignored his straighter one or googly or allowed a batsman to escape despite intended padding.",summarization List down some points on well the movie Oasis of the Zombies was perceived after launch,"Writing in The Zombie Movie Encyclopedia, academic Peter Dendle stated the film has had a negative reception, but it ""presents a simple, unhurried, and unpretending appreciation of zombies and their habitat, a fresh and provocative desert landscape."" Ian Jane of DVD Talk rated it 3/5 stars and wrote, ""It's terrible, but somehow trance inducing in its own bizarre way."" Gordon Sullivan of DVD Verdict wrote, ""It's really a mess of tepid Eurosleaze masquerading as a zombie flick, and it doesn't even do that well.""","1. Despite receiving a poor review, the movie, according to academic Peter Dendle, ""presents a simple, unhurried, and unpretentious appreciation of zombies and their habitat, a fresh and provocative desert landscape."" 2. It received a 3/5 star rating from Ian Jane of DVD Talk, who also stated, ""It's terrible, but somehow trance inducing in its own bizarre way."" 3. ""It's really a mess of tepid Eurosleaze masquerading as a zombie flick, and it doesn't even do that well,"" Gordon Sullivan of DVD Verdict commented.",summarization Did José Altuve cheat in 2017?,"In 2019, Altuve's role in the 2017 World Series gained nationwide attention in the Houston Astros sign stealing scandal. With regard to the scandal, Altuve said, ""I'm not going to say to you that it was good — it was wrong. We feel bad, we feel remorse, like I said, the impact on the fans, the impact on the game — we feel bad."" According to the website signstealingscandal.com, Altuve's instances of hearing the trash can banging were significantly lower than those of any other everyday player. Peter Gammons noted in 2022 that when he talked to Altuve in 2020 about how players, coaches, and members in the organization believed that Altuve did not participate in the stealing, Altuve declined to talk about it. He stated that it would be a ""betrayal of my teammates"" to discuss the matter and asked that Gammons not write about it. Despite this, many Astros players have defended Altuve in particular of any wrongdoing. Carlos Correa, in an interview with Ken Rosenthal, stated of Altuve's role in the scandal: ""The few times that the trash can was banged was without his consent, and he would go inside the clubhouse and inside the dugout to whoever was banging the trash can and he would get pissed. He would get mad. He would say, 'I don't want this. I can't hit like this. Don't you do that to me.' He played the game clean""; Correa's comments came after Dodgers outfielder Cody Bellinger accused Altuve of stealing the MVP Award from runner-up Aaron Judge.","José Altuve played for the 2017 Astros, who are known to have used an illegal sign stealing system, but Altuve himself did not participate in the system and did not cheat.",closed_qa "I just found out that my child has leukemia, what should I do?",,"First, I'm so sorry that you got the news that your child has leukemia. No child should have to live through cancer, and no parent should have to watch their child suffer such a serious illness. I recommend that you listen closely to your doctor's opinion on treatment. It usually does not hurt to get a second opinion if you feel you need one. Next, I recommend learning all that you can about pediatric leukemia. There are many good texts available and your hospital may even have some on hand. If you can find another parent within your network who has gone through pediatric leukemia with their child, it can be helpful to talk to someone who has been through the experience. Many people also find comfort in support groups on Facebook, or through a local ""Leukemia & Lymphoma Society"" chapter. It can be hard on caretakers of children with leukemia, so it can be a good idea to get plenty of rest, food and liquids while you are under stress. Finding a good therapist can also be helpful along the journey. I hope that you are able to find peace during this difficult time and that you have the resources you need.",brainstorming "Based on the paragraph below, how much did Beyonce earn in 2013 - 2014","MTV estimated that by the end of 2014, Beyoncé would become the highest-paid Black musician in history; this became the case in April 2014. In June 2014, Beyoncé ranked at number one on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list, earning an estimated $115 million throughout June 2013 – June 2014. This in turn was the first time she had topped the Celebrity 100 list as well as being her highest yearly earnings to date. In 2016, Beyoncé ranked at number 34 on the Celebrity 100 list with earnings of $54 million. She and Jay-Z also topped the highest paid celebrity couple list, with combined earnings of $107.5 million.",Beyonce earned $115 million throughout June 2013 - June 2014. In 2014 she also became the highest-paid Black musician in history.,information_extraction What's the difference between tennis and pickleball?,,"While they are similar sports, tennis and pickleball have various difference. First, the court size for pickleball is about half the size of a tennis court. Second, pickleball is played with a ball that resembles a whiffle ball. Third, pickleball is played with paddles as opposed to rackets. Finally, the scoring system is quite different as you play for points which can only be scored when you or your team are serving.",open_qa List the components from this text into a comma separated list,"Components Below are some of the components and processes involved in the digital supply chain, in roughly sequential order, to bring raw content to a format available to a consumer via personal computer or set-top box: Content Provider The content provider provides the actual content that will ultimately be consumed by the end-user. The content provider provides the content in a variety of formats - including film, tape, CD, DVD, hard disks and digital files. Capture If the content provided by the content provider is not already in a digital format, it must first be converted to a digital format. In the case of film or tape, this is often called the “capture” process in which hardware will play back the original medium and “capture” its contents and convert it into a digital format. This captured file is often captured at the highest feasible quality as it is expected to undergo various processes that could degrade the quality. Therefore, the highest possible capture is always desired. Compression The captured digital file is often extremely large, requiring a large amount of digital storage space and impossible to deliver to the consumer via broadband methods. Therefore, it must be compressed in a process called encoding or transcoding. In this process, a codec is used to compress the captured digital file into a format which is small enough to be delivered to the end-user, usually via broadband methods. This encoding process entails consideration of many variables as to how the file is to be compressed. For audio, this usually consists of bit-rate and sample rate. Additional variables for video include resolution, frame rate and also has its own bit-rate that needs to be specified. These variables are determined by how a particular file is to be consumed; download, streaming to a PC, streaming to a mobile device, etc. Quality, however, often becomes an issue at this stage and great care is taken to ensure the quality of the medium is of the highest possible quality for its intended deliver method. For example, a video encoded for streaming to mobile devices requires a much higher level of compression than would for a PC download, so the quality of the video will not be nearly as good. Quality Control Quality control is required to ensure that a file that has been encoded properly, with desired results and free of corruption. The degree to which a file is considered acceptable is based either on the discretion of the party charged with encoding the content, or a specific standard defined by the content owner for which the encoding party must comply. Quality control need not only take place at this juncture. Most companies dealing with the digital supply chain process will subject the media to scrutiny of the quality control process at various stages including: original capture, post-compression, post-ingest and post-publish, thus ensuring the media has not become corrupt or has not been degraded undesirably during any stage along the digital supply chain process. Digital Asset Management The digital asset management system handles the metadata, content and their related assets such as album cover and movie poster art. It is often the digital asset management systems which also handles the publishing of the content itself to a digital storefront. Some digital asset management systems specifically built for the digital supply chain and the delivery of electronic media will track the progress of content as it goes through the digital supply chain. A good digital asset management system should also include reporting tools which can report back on the status of various aspects of the digital supply chain itself. Metadata Entry Metadata is the information that identifies and describes the contents of a medium. This information can include media-specific information such as: Title, artist(s), production company, seasonal/episodic description, original release date, etc. Metadata can also include business-related information such as: pricing and availability. Digital Rights Management An important aspect of the digital supply chain is the process of encrypting the content so that it cannot be played back without the proper license which is often acquired via purchase of content or subscription. This reduces the possibility of media being pirated. Ingest Ingest is the stage in which the compressed file and metadata are put into the digital asset management system. It is not necessary for the metadata and the compressed media file to be ingested into the system at the same time, however, there will be a point in the process in which both have been ingested into the system and the metadata can reference the media file. Content Delivery Network When media files are ingested they are hosted and delivered from a content delivery network (CDN) capable of delivering the media to the end-user. The CDN should be able to support the expected number of consumers. Merchant/Storefront/Digital Retailer/Digital Service Provider The content will ultimately display on a digital storefront where the consumer can view a catalog listing of the content and access the content via purchase, subscription or other method a merchant has elected to make the content available.","Content Provider, Capture, Compression, Quality Control, Digital Asset Management, Metadata, Entry, Digital Rights Management, Ingest, Content Delivery Network, Merchant/Storefront/Digital, Retailer/Digital Service Provider",information_extraction How is Tesla organized as a company?,,"Tesla has a functional organizational structure that is flat as well. Tesla’s organizational structure is designed in a way that is easy to manage and built for maximum efficiency. Tesla can still be considered as a startup in the automotive industry as its competitors are typically 75+ years old. As a startup, Tesla is designed for efficiency, to begin with as it must be easier to group and manage similar tasks. Some of the key functional groups of Tesla is as below: Materials Engineering Artificial Intelligence for Auto Pilot Hardware design engineering Energy operations Global communications Global Environment health and safety Global security Chief of staff Information operations All the functional groups report to the CEO and Tesla has a heavy flat organization structure. Materials engineering is responsible for material research and development, design for both Tesla and SpaceX. Tesla separated out the autopilot unit from its technology and information operations as it needs a dedicated focus for Tesla to sustain its competitive advantage in this space. Certain functional units like global security and global environmental health and safety span across all the Tesla markets. Again, Tesla must have been designed to increase efficiency without creating complex divisional structures and duplicate efforts.",creative_writing What is the difference between AWS ECS and EKS?,,"ECS is a scalable container orchestration platform that allows users to run, stop, and manage containers in a cluster. EKS, on the other hand, helps teams to build Kubernetes clusters on AWS without having to install Kubernetes on EC2 compute instances manually.",open_qa What are some great progressive rock bands?,,"RUSH, Yes, Genesis, the Alan Parsons Project, Pink Floyd, King Crimson, Emerson Lake and Palmer, Jethro Tull",brainstorming What is Methadone intermediate,,Methadone intermediate is a methadone precursor scheduled by UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. It is a Schedule II Narcotic controlled substance in the United States and has an ACSCN of 9254. The 2014 annual manufacturing quota was 32 875 kilos.,open_qa "Classify the following items as either cars or trucks: Ford F150, Audi A8, BMW 318i, Nissan Titan, Tesla Model 3",,Ford F150 - truck; Audi A8 - car; BMW 318i - car; Nissan Titan - truck; Tesla Model 3 - car,classification What are the options for you to use as an egg substitute when you are vegan?,,"When you are vegan you don’t eat any animal products or by-products. Depending on what you are making and what you are looking for from a taste perspective there are several options for you to substitute eggs. Silken Tofu - If you are making a vegan scramble, quiche, or homemade vegan mayonnaise. The creamy texture can help mimic the egg’s soft texture in your breakfast meals and desserts. Unsweetened applesauce - You can use a quarter cup of unsweetened applesauce for one egg. It adds moisture and sweetness to what you are making. The natural fruit pectin also helps bind the ingredients. It can be dense than an egg in your baking so you may need to use a teaspoon of baking powder to encourage fluffiness. Mashed banana - This has a very distinct flavor, so only use it in recipes when you think the banana flavor will complement what you are making. This works well in pancakes, brownies, and banana bread. You can use a ripe medium mashed banana for every large egg. The starches and sugars in the banana help develop a beautiful golden brown crust. Aquafaba - This is an ideal substitute for egg whites, giving your dessert structure. Take three tablespoons of liquid from inside your can of chickpeas and whip them to a fluffy consistency. Flaxseeds or Chia Seeds - This is best for recipes that don’t require too many eggs. Combine one tablespoon of seeds with three tablespoons of water for every large egg. Let it sit for 20 minutes to get a slimy mixture that mimics and egg. Baking Soda and Vinegar - Mix a teaspoon of baking soda and a tablespoon of white vinegar together to help create the air bubbles needed in things like pancakes, cookies, and quick breads. This is ideal where two or less eggs are needed.",open_qa Who is the little person in Game of Thrones?,,"Tyrion Lannister is a main character in George R.R. Martin's ""Song of Ice and Fire"" series. Tyrion is distinguished by his congenital dwarfism. In the ""Game of Thrones"" television series, which is adapted from Martin's books, Tyrion is portrayed by Peter Dinklage.",open_qa Which is a species of fish? Finger or Fingerfish,,Fingerfish,classification Does platonic love hurt?,,"Friendship breakups truly are not talked about enough. I feel like there's plenty of advice for how to deal with exes, but nearly none for how to recover from a very important friendship in your life ending. It hurts like hell and if you were really attached to the person, it hurts just as much--if not even more. Platonic love is no less profound than romantic love.",creative_writing What popular wine varietal is produced in Washington?,,"Washington is well known for its white wine, Riesling, and red wine, Cabernet Sauvignon.",open_qa Give me a list of the best exploration-focused video games.,,"Here are some games where the primary goal is exploration: - Subnautica - Outer Wilds - Journey - No Man's Sky - Stray - Astroneer - Grow: Song of the Evertree - Firewatch - Call of the Sea - ABZU - What Remains of Edith Finch",brainstorming What was Seward's Folly?,,"Seward's Folly was the name given by opponents to the 1867 purchase of Alaska from Russia by the United States. Secretary of State William Seward negotiated the treaty in secrecy, and critics mocked both him and President Andrew Johnson for the purchase of a ""polar bear garden."" However, it turned out to be a profitable investment when gold was discovered in Alaska in 1896.",open_qa How long does it typically take a battery storage power station to transition to full power from standby?,"A battery storage power station is a type of energy storage power station that uses a group of batteries to store electrical energy. Battery storage is the fastest responding dispatchable source of power on electric grids, and it is used to stabilise those grids, as battery storage can transition from standby to full power in under a second to deal with grid contingencies. At full rated power, battery storage power stations are generally designed to output for up to a few hours. Battery storage can be used for short-term peak power and ancillary services, such as providing operating reserve and frequency control to minimize the chance of power outages. They are often installed at, or close to, other active or disused power stations and may share the same grid connection to reduce costs. Since battery storage plants require no deliveries of fuel, are compact compared to generating stations and have no chimneys or large cooling systems, they can be rapidly installed and placed if necessary within urban areas, close to customer load.",Under a second,closed_qa "What are all the locations that walnut trees grow, listed in this article.","Walnut trees, genus Juglans, are plants which mostly grow in the northern hemisphere. They can reach ten to forty meters (30-130 ft) in height. They are used for timber. The wood is very hard, and dark in color. It is mostly used in furniture. The fruit is eaten and can be used to make oil. The fruit of Juglans are called walnuts. Material of the walnut's outer casing was used by Native American tribes to poison fish. Walnut trees grow from Europe eastwards to the Himalayas and southwest China. In America they are found in places from Canada to Argentina.",Walnut trees grow East-West between Europe and China as well as North-South between Canada to Argentina.,summarization What to do if you drop your iPhone into toilet?,,"I'm a bit embarrassed to admit this, but I once dropped my new iPhone into the toilet by accident. It's a humbling experience that can happen to anyone. Fortunately, the water was clean and I was able to quickly retrieve the phone. However, the screen was dark, so I used a towel to remove the water and a dryer to dry it out. I then placed the phone in a container of rice and left it overnight. The next day, when I tried turning it on, it worked! I was relieved that I didn't have to buy a new one. The lesson I learned is to be more careful and not put my iPhone near the toilet.",brainstorming Imagine you are in the jungle on a very hot day doing a hike. Write a monologue describing how you feel.,,"Wow, I feel so hot right now. This humidity is just killing me, I feel like the sweat isn't even evaporating off me right now. Maybe I should have packed some more water, I guess one bottle wasn't enough for 5 miles. But at least there are really cool animals here - although I could do without all these bugs. I wish there was some way to see all these cool animals without having to suffer for it. All these trees make it hard to see the view, but I'm sure it would be amazing. I wish it would rain, that would help me finally cool off, and maybe it would scare the bugs away. Oh well - I should probably just start heading back to the trailhead before I run out of water, I wouldn't want to get lost out here.",creative_writing How did Abraham Lincoln die?,,Abraham Lincoln was assassinated during a play in Ford's Theater while serving as President,open_qa Where should I keep my car keys when I'm home?,,"It's best to have a single designated spot for your car keys so you never lose them. Some good places in your home might be: - On a key rack near the door - On a console table near the door - In a decorative tray on your dresser - A knickknack bowl in the kitchen",brainstorming Which US state produces the most pineapples?,,Hawaii,open_qa In what month did Jens Stub die?,Jens Stub (3 March 1764 – 24 October 1819) was a Norwegian priest and politician. He was vicar on the island of Veøya and served as a representative at the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly at Eidsvoll in 1814.,Jens Stub died in October.,closed_qa "Which of these are fruits and vegetables: apple, tomato, pear, peach, broccoli?",,"Of the ones listed, apple, pear and peach are fruits while broccoli is a vegetable. Tomatoes however, are botanically considered fruits while culinarily considered a vegetable.",classification What are the best places to have a real American Diner Breakfast in South Lake Tahoe?,,"For home cooking and a real American diner experience, Heidi's Pancake house; Bert's Cafe; Ernie's Coffee Shop; Driftwood Cafe; The Red Hut Cafe",brainstorming "Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Porsche, Chrysler",,"Porsche is German, Chrysler is American",classification What is geodesy?,,"Geodesy is the science of measuring and representing the geometry, gravity, and spatial orientation of the Earth in temporally varying 3D. It is called planetary geodesy when studying other astronomical bodies, such as planets or circumplanetary systems. Geodynamical phenomena, including crustal motion, tides, and polar motion, can be studied by designing global and national control networks, applying space geodesy and terrestrial geodetic techniques, and relying on datums and coordinate systems. The job titles are geodesist and geodetic surveyor.",open_qa What is Women's freestyle 48 kg competition featured in 2017 World Wrestling Championships?,"The women's freestyle 48 kilograms is a competition featured at the 2017 World Wrestling Championships, and was held in Paris, France on 24 August 2017.","The women's freestyle 48 kilograms is a competition featured at the 2017 World Wrestling Championships, and was held in Paris, France on 24 August 2017. This freestyle wrestling competition consisted of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winners of two bronze medals.",summarization List the four season,,"Winter, Spring, Summer Fall",brainstorming "The following are a mix of english and hindi words. separate them out logically: your mujhe lamp pyaar tamanna tomorrow perhaps kyunki how your yaar shade",,"English: tomorrow how your perhaps lamp shade Hindi: mujhe kyunki yaar tamanna pyaar",classification What is the largest city in the South Hemisphere?,,"The city of São Paulo, capital of the São Paulo state in Brazil, is the largest city by population (12.33 million people according to the 2020 census).",open_qa List the Pixar movies that have won Academy Awards.,"Pixar has produced 26 feature films, starting with Toy Story (1995), which is the first fully computer-animated feature film; its most recent film was Lightyear (2022). The studio has also produced many short films. As of July 2019, its feature films have earned approximately $14 billion at the worldwide box office, with an average worldwide gross of $680 million per film. Toy Story 3 (2010), Finding Dory (2016), Incredibles 2 (2018), and Toy Story 4 (2019) are all among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time. Incredibles 2 is the studio's highest grossing film as well as the fourth-highest-grossing animated film of all time, with a gross of $1.2 billion; the other three also grossed over $1 billion. Moreover, 15 of Pixar's films are in the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time. Pixar has earned 23 Academy Awards, 10 Golden Globe Awards, and 11 Grammy Awards, along with numerous other awards and acknowledgments. Its films are frequently nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since its inauguration in 2001, with eleven winners being Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), Ratatouille (2007), WALL-E (2008), Up (2009), Toy Story 3 (2010), Brave (2012), Inside Out (2015), Coco (2017), Toy Story 4 (2019), and Soul (2020). The six nominated films that did not win are Monsters, Inc. (2001), Cars (2006), Incredibles 2 (2018), Onward (2020), Luca (2021) and Turning Red (2022). While Cars 2 (2011), Monsters University (2013), The Good Dinosaur (2015), Finding Dory (2016), Cars 3 (2017) and the aforementioned Lightyear were not nominated. In addition, Toy Story 3 and Up were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. On February 10, 2009, Pixar executives John Lasseter, Brad Bird, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton, and Lee Unkrich were presented with the Golden Lion award for Lifetime Achievement by the Venice Film Festival. The physical award was ceremoniously handed to Lucasfilm's founder, George Lucas.","Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), Ratatouille (2007), WALL-E (2008), Up (2009), Toy Story 3 (2010), Brave (2012), Inside Out (2015), Coco (2017), Toy Story 4 (2019), Soul (2020)",information_extraction From the passage note down the various celebrities who joined TikTok . List the results in comma separated format.,"ByteDance planned on Douyin expanding overseas. The founder of ByteDance, Zhang Yiming, stated that ""China is home to only one-fifth of Internet users globally. If we don't expand on a global scale, we are bound to lose to peers eyeing the four-fifths. So, going global is a must."" The app was launched as TikTok in the international market in September 2017. On 23 January 2018, the TikTok app ranked first among free application downloads on app stores in Thailand and other countries. TikTok has been downloaded more than 130 million times in the United States and has reached 2 billion downloads worldwide, according to data from mobile research firm Sensor Tower (those numbers exclude Android users in China). In the United States, celebrities, including Jimmy Fallon and Tony Hawk, began using the app in 2018. Other celebrities, including Jennifer Lopez, Jessica Alba, Will Smith, and Justin Bieber joined TikTok as well as many others. In January 2019, TikTok allowed creators to embed merchandise sale links into their videos. On 3 September 2019, TikTok and the U.S. National Football League (NFL) announced a multi-year partnership. The agreement occurred just two days before the NFL's 100th season kick-off at Soldier Field, where TikTok hosted activities for fans in honor of the deal. The partnership entails the launch of an official NFL TikTok account, which is to bring about new marketing opportunities such as sponsored videos and hashtag challenges. In July 2020, TikTok, excluding Douyin, reported close to 800 million monthly active users worldwide after less than four years of existence.","Jimmy Fallon, Tony Hawk, Jennifer Lopez, Jessica Alba, Will Smith, Justin Bieber",information_extraction What is the first computer recognized in human history?,"The Antikythera mechanism (/ˌæntɪkɪˈθɪərə/ AN-tih-kih-THEER-ə) is an Ancient Greek hand-powered orrery, described as the oldest known example of an analogue computer used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses decades in advance. It could also be used to track the four-year cycle of athletic games which was similar to an Olympiad, the cycle of the ancient Olympic Games.","The Antikythera mechanism, an astronomical clock, was built around 100 BC and is considered the world's first computer.",closed_qa What sport did Troy Stradford play in college?,,Troy Stradford played football at Boston College in the 1980s and went on to play professionally for the Miami Dolphins in the NFL.,open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the difference in caffeine between a light roast and a dark roast.","Sucrose is rapidly lost during the roasting process, and may disappear entirely in darker roasts. During roasting, aromatic oils and acids weaken, changing the flavor; at 205 °C (401 °F), other oils start to develop. One of these oils, caffeol, is created at about 200 °C (392 °F), which is largely responsible for coffee's aroma and flavor. The difference of caffeine content between a light roast and a dark roast is only about 0.1%.",The difference of caffeine content between a light roast and a dark roast is about 0.1%.,information_extraction "Given this paragraph about Jiu-Jitsu, who taught Carlos Gracie.","Brazilian jiu-jitsu was initially developed in 1925 by Brazilian brothers Carlos, Oswaldo, Gastão Jr., George, and Hélio Gracie, after Carlos was taught jiu-jitsu by a travelling Japanese judoka, Mitsuyo Maeda, who himself mastered his ground fighting while interacting with Taro Miyake (Tanabe student), Sadakazu Uyenishi (Handa, Tanabe) and Yukio Tani (Tenjin Shinyo-ryu) and catch wrestlers in Europe.",Mitsuyo Maeda,closed_qa What is a romance language?,,"Romance languages are a subset of languages derived from Latin roots into fully fledged nationally spoken languages. Examples of Romance languages are French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese.",open_qa "Given this paragraph on Anton Chekhov, please tell me which playwrights he is most often grouped with?","Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (Russian: Антон Павлович Чехов[note 1], IPA: [ɐnˈton ˈpavləvʲɪtɕ ˈtɕexəf]; 29 January 1860[note 2] – 15 July 1904[note 3]) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer who is considered to be one of the greatest writers of all time. His career as a playwright produced four classics, and his best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics. Along with Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg, Chekhov is often referred to as one of the three seminal figures in the birth of early modernism in the theatre. Chekhov was a physician by profession. ""Medicine is my lawful wife"", he once said, ""and literature is my mistress.""",Chekhov is most often grouped with Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg as one of the three seminal figures of early modernist theater.,closed_qa Extract the list of players mentioned in the text. Separate them with a comma.,"Meanwhile, in the cabin, goalkeeper Harry Gregg was regaining consciousness, thinking that he was dead. He felt blood on his face and ""didn't dare put hand up. [He] thought the top of head had been taken off, like a hard boiled egg."" Just above him, light shone into the cabin, so Gregg kicked the hole wide enough for him to escape. He also managed to save some passengers, among them teammates Bobby Charlton and Dennis Viollet, who were strapped into their seats away from the wreckage.","Harry Gregg, Bobby Charlton, Dennis Viollet",information_extraction Give me a bulleted list of some programming languages,,"* Java * C++ * Python * C# * Rust There are many programming languages. These are a few of the popular ones.",brainstorming "What do The Matrix, Point Break, Constantine, and John Wick have in common?",,They are all Keanu Reeves movies.,classification How long does it take to golf 18 holes?,,"It depends on the number of players in your group and course conditions. A solo round of 18 holes will take 2.5-3hrs, while it will take 3.5-4.5hrs for a group of four to complete their round under normal conditions.",open_qa How is Japan written in Japanese?,"Japan (Japanese: 日本, Nippon or Nihon,[nb 1] and formally 日本国, Nihonkoku)[nb 2] is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south. Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans an archipelago of 14,125 islands, with the five main islands being Hokkaido, Honshu (the ""mainland""), Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa. Tokyo is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto.",Japan is written in Japanese as 日本.,information_extraction What are the tax boxes in the Netherlands?,,"There are three tax boxes in the Netherlands: - Box One: This box includes income from employment or primary residence - Box Two: This box includes income from a large stake in a business - Box Three: This box includes income from savings and investments",open_qa What is the most common air or gas mixture used in recreational scuba diving.,"For some diving, gas mixtures other than normal atmospheric air (21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, 1% trace gases) can be used, so long as the diver is competent in their use. The most commonly used mixture is nitrox, also referred to as Enriched Air Nitrox (EAN), which is air with extra oxygen, often with 32% or 36% oxygen, and thus less nitrogen, reducing the risk of decompression sickness or allowing longer exposure to the same pressure for equal risk. The reduced nitrogen may also allow for no stops or shorter decompression stop times or a shorter surface interval between dives. A common misconception is that nitrox can reduce narcosis, but research has shown that oxygen is also narcotic.: 304","For most recreational diving atmospheric air with 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen is used. The second most common mixture is Enriched Air Nitrox which contains extra oxygen with 32% or 36% and less Nitrogen than is found in atmospheric air, which permits divers to have shorter safety stops or shorter surface intervals.",closed_qa Think of a lot of different ways you could tell your roommate about something you need to buy at the store.,,"You could send your roommate a text, leave them a post-it note, add it to the grocery list, tell your roommate in person or give them a phone call",brainstorming "Classify each of the following as either computer hardware or computer software: hard drive, text editor, keyboard, monitor, mouse, operating system, and Internet browser.",,"hard drive - computer hardware, text editor - computer software, keyboard - computer hardware, monitor - computer hardware, mouse - computer hardware, operating system - computer software, and Internet browser - computer software.",classification Provide a possible jurisdiction section for a federal civil rights complaint leaving blanks for the location.,,"This is a civil rights complaint arising out of the county of _______ within the state of _______. This complaint sets forth causes of action under Title 42 SS 1981, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986. The Plaintiff will show that her ability to engage in a contractual agreement was infringed upon by a private corporation conspiring with state actors acting under color of state law in violation of the aforementioned federal statutes. These facts give this honorable court jurisdiction over the matter.",creative_writing "Tell me whether these games are exclusives or multi-platform: The Legend of Zelda, Call of Duty, Sly Cooper, God of War, Counter-Strike, Mario, Pokemon, Halo, Dota, League of Legends.",,"The Legend of Zelda, Sly Cooper, God of War, Mario, Pokemon and Halo have been at least been historically advertised and classified as console exclusives: Zelda, Mario and Pokemon on Nintendo platforms, God of War and Sly Cooper on Sony Playstation platforms, Halo on Microsoft Xbox Platforms. Lately, some of the games above, God of War and Halo, have been ported PC which makes them multi-platform games. God of War is considered as a timed exclusive to Playstation systems where the game was exclusive to the console for several years before being released to other platforms, in this case PC. Halo has recently became PC and Xbox multi-platform dur to Microsoft's push to bring more of their console games to their PC gaming platform. Rest of the games, Call of Duty, Counter-Strike, Dota and League of Legends are considered multi-platform as they have been released to multiple types of systems without ever being advertised as exclusive to one. Be mindful that releasing a game to Windows PC and Apple MacOS is considered as multi-platform.",classification "Tell me if the following countries are in Europe or in Africa: Portugal, Italy, Burkina Faso, Rwanda, Germany, Sweden, Spain",,"Portugal, Italy, Germany, Sweden and Spain are located in Europe. Burkina Faso and Rwanda are located in Africa.",classification Give me some ideas for a gender reveal,,"Here are some ideas for a gender reveal- Bursting a balloon with confetti in blue or pink colors Cutting a cake with the icing in blue or pink colors Blasting a party popper with blue or pink colors Organize a personalized treasure hunt with final clue revealing the gender Box of pink or blue color helium filled balloons",brainstorming What is the best book to read about the Battle of Stalingrad?,,"There are a lot of great books that go into great detail about the battle of Stalingrad. ""Dogs, Do You Want to Live Forever"" by Fritz Wöss is a good choice if you like fiction. If you like essays, try Stalingrad by Antony Beevor or ""Stalingrad, the Battle as Seen by the Germans"" by British WWII expert Jonathan Trigg.",open_qa Which is a species of fish? Steelhead or Metalhead,,Steelhead,classification What did ancient cultures around the Mediterranean know about electricity?,"Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the ""Thunderer of the Nile"", and described them as the ""protectors"" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by electric catfish and electric rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. Patients with ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them. Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing. Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. According to a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge of electroplating, based on the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though it is uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature. Electricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when the English scientist William Gilbert wrote De Magnete, in which he made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishing the lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber. He coined the New Latin word electricus (""of amber"" or ""like amber"",, elektron, the Greek word for ""amber"") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed. This association gave rise to the English words ""electric"" and ""electricity"", which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646. Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827. Electricity and magnetism (and light) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his ""On Physical Lines of Force"" in 1861 and 1862.  While the early 19th century had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering. Through such people as Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets, energising electrons. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for ""his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"". The photoelectric effect is also employed in photocells such as can be found in solar panels. The first solid-state device was the ""cat's-whisker detector"" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect. In a solid-state component, the current is confined to solid elements and compounds engineered specifically to switch and amplify it. Current flow can be understood in two forms: as negatively charged electrons, and as positively charged electron deficiencies called holes. These charges and holes are understood in terms of quantum physics. The building material is most often a crystalline semiconductor. Solid-state electronics came into its own with the emergence of transistor technology. The first working transistor, a germanium-based point-contact transistor, was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947, followed by the bipolar junction transistor in 1948.","Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing.",information_extraction Wat id DNA annotation?,,"DNA annotation or genome annotation is the process of identifying the locations of genes and all of the coding regions in a genome and determining what those genes do. An annotation (irrespective of the context) is a note added by way of explanation or commentary. Once a genome is sequenced, it needs to be annotated to make sense of it. Genes in a eukaryotic genome can be annotated using various annotation tools such as FINDER. A modern annotation pipeline can support a user-friendly web interface and software containerization such as MOSGA. Modern annotation pipelines for prokaryotic genomes are Bakta, Prokka and PGAP. For DNA annotation, a previously unknown sequence representation of genetic material is enriched with information relating genomic position to intron-exon boundaries, regulatory sequences, repeats, gene names and protein products. This annotation is stored in genomic databases such as Mouse Genome Informatics, FlyBase, and WormBase. Educational materials on some aspects of biological annotation from the 2006 Gene Ontology annotation camp and similar events are available at the Gene Ontology website. The National Center for Biomedical Ontology develops tools for automated annotation of database records based on the textual descriptions of those records. As a general method, dcGO has an automated procedure for statistically inferring associations between ontology terms and protein domains or combinations of domains from the existing gene/protein-level annotations.",open_qa Pultizer Prize 2022 is given which field,,"Journalism, Books, Drama and Music",open_qa What is the difference between a resume and a cv?,,"The CV presents a complete history of various credentials like, academic, professional career, training, etc., so the length of the document can vary in some instances. In contrast, a resume is much more concise and primarily highlights specific skills and relevant qualifications for the particular job application. Henceforth, the length of the resume is relatively short.",open_qa What is TIDB,"TiDB (/’taɪdiːbi:/, ""Ti"" stands for Titanium) is an open-source NewSQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional and Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and can provide horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability. It is developed and supported primarily by PingCAP, Inc. and licensed under Apache 2.0. TiDB drew its initial design inspiration from Google's Spanner",Database developed by PingCap for hybrid transactional and analytical processing,closed_qa How was the Beaune Altarpiece or The Last Judgement painted,,"The Beaune Altarpiece (or The Last Judgement) is a large polyptych c. 1445–1450 altarpiece by the Early Netherlandish artist Rogier van der Weyden, painted in oil on oak panels with parts later transferred to canvas. It consists of fifteen paintings on nine panels, of which six are painted on both sides. Unusually for the period, it retains some of its original frames. Six of the outer panels (or shutters) have hinges for folding; when closed the exterior view of saints and donors is visible. The inner panels contain scenes from the Last Judgement arranged across two registers. The large central panel spans both registers and shows Christ seated on a rainbow in judgement, while below him, the Archangel Michael holds scales to weigh souls. The lower register panels form a continuous landscape, with the panel on the far proper right showing the gates of Heaven, while the entrance to Hell is on the far proper left. Between these, the dead rise from their graves, and are depicted moving from the central panel to their final destinations after receiving judgement.",open_qa "According to this article, how many Scottish pounds would four Half-pistole be worth?",A Half-pistole was a Scottish gold coin minted in 1701 under the reign of King William III. Along with the Pistole it was one of last gold coin minted for the Kingdom of Scotland before the Acts of Union 1707. The Half-pistole was equal to 6 Scottish pounds with an approximate value equal to the British Half guinea.,Four Half-pistole would be worth twenty-four (24) Scottish pounds. Each Half-pistole is 6 Scottish pounds and 6 x 4 = 24.,closed_qa Give me a list of top unicorns from India.,,"Flipkart, Swiggy, Ola, Meesho, Cred, Dream11, Paytm, Zomato",brainstorming What is constitution?,,"A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed",open_qa """William Bowery"" is a pseudonym for whom?",,Joe Alwyn,open_qa List down important points about prisoners and events from the given passage,"The first recorded interment occurred on 13 December 1922. Other burials at the cemetery include forty-four German and seven Italian prisoners of war who died at nearby detention camps during World War II, as well as four allied Chinese pilots. As of July 2022, there are three Medal of Honor recipients and twenty general officers interred at the cemetery","1. On December 13, 1922, the first known interment took place. 2. At the nearby detention centre during World War 2, 44 German and 7 Italian prisoners died and were buried there. 3. Four Chinese pilots are also interred at the cemetery beside these POWs. 4. Twenty general officers and three Medal of Honor recipients are buried at the cemetery as of July 22.",summarization Why do firms advertise? Even when goods are interchangeable?,,"Many firms advertise their goods or services, but are they wasting economic resources? Some economists reckon that advertising merely manipulates consumer tastes and creates desires that would not otherwise exist. By increasing product differentiation and encouraging brand loyalty advertising may make consumers less price sensitive, moving the market further from perfect competition towards imperfect competition (see monopolistic competition) and increasing the ability of firms to charge more than marginal cost. Heavy spending on advertising may also create a barrier to entry, as a firm entering the market would have to spend a lot on advertising too.",open_qa Can you summarize the responsibilities of a Chief Data Officer?,"A chief data officer (CDO) is a corporate officer responsible for enterprise-wide governance and utilization of information as an asset, via data processing, analysis, data mining, information trading and other means. CDOs usually report to the chief executive officer (CEO), although depending on the area of expertise this can vary. The CDO is a member of the executive management team and manager of enterprise-wide data processing and data mining. The chief data officer title shares its abbreviation with the chief digital officer, but the two are not the same job. The chief data officer has a significant measure of business responsibility for determining what kinds of information the enterprise will choose to capture, retain and exploit and for what purposes. However, the similar-sounding chief digital officer or chief digital information officer often does not bear that business responsibility, but rather is responsible for the information systems through which data is stored and processed. A chief data officer's purpose is to connect the technological results to the needed business results. Various other roles entail having an understanding of the business value. It means using data to derive business outcome. It can be achieved by knowing the team members and activities performed, the stakeholder values and understanding customer needs. Some responsibilities include the governance, advising & monitoring enterprise data. In terms of operations it means enabling data usability along with efficiency and availability. They have to innovate which means driving the business towards digital transformation innovation, cost reduction, and revenue generation. Their role is also to provide supporting analytics with reports on products, customers, operations, and markets. They need to protect the data and eliminate data territorialism while also promoting data ethics.","Below are the key responsibilities of a Chief Data Officer, Making sure the business can achieve its results by effective use of data processed within the enterprise. Establish enterprise-wide governance on data collection, data processing, data analysis, and mining and sharing of data across teams and outside the enterprise. Guiding teams within the enterprise on best practices, compliance standards, and company responsibility in collecting and using data. Establish monitoring standards for making sure how data is accessed, who access the data, and having a catalog of all data assets.",summarization "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Catwoman, Black Cat",,"Catwoman is DC, Black Cat is Marvel",classification Which is a species of fish? Nurseryfish or Nursery,,Nurseryfish,classification How to make a Pizza dough?,,"Combine about 1 cup (125g) of white flour, yeast, granulated sugar, and kosher salt in a big bowl. You may add garlic powder and dried basil powder as well. Add virgin olive oil and warm water and stir thoroughly. Gradually add another cup of white flour and keep stirring until the dough is shaped into a ball and doesn't stick to the bowl.",brainstorming What is an adjustable rate mortgage?,,A mortgage whose interest rate and monthly payments vary throughout the life of the loan,open_qa What are a few things to do when visiting Northern Vietnam?,,"Here are some to do when visiting Northern Vietnam: 1. Go hiking through the picturesque rice terraces in Sa Pa. This is a great way to experience the beauty and local culture of Northern Vietnam. 2. Take a cruise on Ha Long Bay. This Unesco world heritage site is a great place to relax and take in the views as you sail through thousands of limestone islands. 3. Visit Hanoi and go on a food tour. This is one of the best ways to experience the local culture of Vietnam through authentic Vietnamese cuisine. 4. Spend a day exploring the stunning landscapes of Ninh Binh. Home to the ancient capital of Vietnam and the Unesco World Heritage site of Trang An, Ninh Binh is a popular destination in Northern Vietnam.",brainstorming What is Don’t Starve Together?,"Don't Starve is a survival video game developed by the Canadian indie video game developer Klei Entertainment. The game was initially released for Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux on April 23, 2013. A PlayStation 4 port, renamed Don't Starve: Giant Edition, became available the following year (with PlayStation Vita and PlayStation 3 versions released in September 2014 and June 2015 respectively, and an Xbox One version released in August 2015). Don't Starve for iOS, renamed Don't Starve: Pocket Edition was released on July 9, 2015. An Android version was released on October 20, 2016. Downloadable content titled Reign of Giants was released on April 30, 2014, and a multiplayer standalone expansion called Don't Starve Together became free for existing users on June 3, 2015. On Steam, this game is able to be purchased with a free copy for a friend. A Nintendo Switch port came out on April 12, 2018. The game follows a scientist named Wilson who finds himself in a dark, dreary parallel world known as the Constant and must survive as long as possible. To this end, the player must keep Wilson alive, fed, and mentally stable as he avoids a variety of surreal and supernatural enemies that will try to kill and devour him. The game's Adventure mode adds depth to the sparse plot and pits Wilson against the game's supposed antagonist, Maxwell. Don't Starve was Klei's first foray into the survival genre. Conceived during the height of a game industry trend of dropping players into a world with few instructions and a goal of survival, the game was influenced by Minecraft which spearheaded this trend as well as by filmmaker Tim Burton. The game received positive reviews from critics, commended for its original art style, music, and variety of ways for the player to die, although its high level of difficulty and implementation of permanent death were less warmly received.","Don't Starve Together is a cooperative multiplayer survival game developed by Klei Entertainment, where up to six players can play together online or offline. Players take on the role of a band of characters in a harsh wilderness world, and must work together to keep alive, fed, and mentally stable as they avoid a variety of surreal and supernatural enemies that will try to kill and devour them. The game features a unique hand-drawn art style, as well as randomly generated worlds, providing a new experience with each playthrough.",closed_qa Describe some different ways you can make a phone call,,There are many ways you can make a phone call. If you have a mobile phone or landline then the easiest way to make a phone call would be to use one of those devices. If you do not then you could look for a telephone box in your local area. Alternatively you can use a computer to access software phone services such as Twilio that provide a bridge between the internet and international telephony networks.,brainstorming What is Bar Method?,,Bar Method is a type of exercise routine based on body weight strength movements and stretching. The entire one-hour class is performed at a Ballet Bar and individual instruction and corrections are provided by a certified Bar Method teacher. Most movements are based on physical therapy with a focus on maximizing muscular strength and minimal joint impact.,open_qa Think up five popular cities to visit on vacation in the United States,,"Five cities tourists like to visit are New York City, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Miami and Chicago",brainstorming Please write a travel plan to Los Angeles.,,"LA is the second largest city in America, and also one of the most famous city in the world. To have a great tour in LA, you should at least prepare 4 days. Day 1: Start your day in Gatty Center, then visit Hollywood and take a walk to the Hollywood sign in the afternoon. In the evening, you can go to Griffith Observational to see the landscape of the city. Day 2: Visit Universal Studio Hollywood, and stay at the city walk for the night. Day 3: Disneyland! Nobody can refuse Disney Day 4: Find a beach to spend the time. Santa Monica, Malibu, Hermosa, Laguna Beach are good choices.",creative_writing "Based on this passage, please extract a bulleted list of the factors of GPU's constructions that enter into the performance of the card for real-time rendering.","Several factors of the GPU's construction enter into the performance of the card for real-time rendering. Common factors can include the size of the connector pathways in the semiconductor device fabrication, the clock signal frequency, and the number and size of various on-chip memory caches. Additionally, the number of Streaming Multiprocessors (SM) for NVidia GPUs, or Compute Units (CU) for AMD GPUs, which describe the number of core on-silicon processor units within the GPU chip that perform the core calculations, typically working in parallel with other SM/CUs on the GPU. Performance of GPUs are typically measured in floating point operations per second or FLOPS, with GPUs in the 2010s and 2020s typically delivering performance measured in teraflops (TFLOPS). This is an estimated performance measure as other factors can impact the actual display rate.","-The size of the connector pathways in the semiconductor device fabrication -The clock signal frequency -The number/size of various on-chip memory caches -Number of SM or CU GPUs",information_extraction What are a few dishes you can cook with potatoes?,,"There are a lot of great dishes you can cook with potatoes. A few common dishes include mashed potatoes, baked potatoes, and french fries.",open_qa What is the list of ingredients for the Lebanese tabbouleh recipe?,,"- Parsley: finely chopped - Tomatoes: cut in small cubes - Bulgur wheat: soaked in room temperature water - White and Green Onions: finely chopped - Mint: finely chopped - Lemon: squeezed - Olive oil - Salt - Pepper",brainstorming "Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Aion, Cadillac",,"Aion is Chinese, Cadillac is American",classification "Based on the following paragraph, list the weather conditions associated with summer around the world.","Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather, while in other places (particularly in Eastern Asia because of the monsoon) it is associated with rainy weather. The wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the savanna climate regime. Where the wet season is associated with a seasonal shift in the prevailing winds, it is known as a monsoon. In the northern Atlantic Ocean, a distinct tropical cyclone season occurs from 1 June to 30 November. The statistical peak of the Atlantic hurricane season is 10 September. The Northeast Pacific Ocean has a broader period of activity, but in a similar timeframe to the Atlantic. The Northwest Pacific sees tropical cyclones year-round, with a minimum in February and March and a peak in early September. In the North Indian basin, storms are most common from April to December, with peaks in May and November. In the Southern Hemisphere, the tropical cyclone season runs from the start of November until the end of April with peaks in mid-February to early March. Thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada runs in the spring through summer but sometimes can run as late as October or even November in the fall. These storms can produce hail, strong winds and tornadoes, usually during the afternoon and evening.","1. Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. 2. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather. 3. In Eastern Asia because of the monsoon, it is associated with rainy weather.",information_extraction What are the top Sports Movies ever?,,"The top sports movies are somewhat subjective but certainly could include the following movies. 1. Miracle 2. Caddyshack 3. The Blind Side 4. Rocky 1 5. The Blind Side 6. Hooziers 7. Slap Shot 8. A field of Dreams 9. Prefontaine 10. Moneyball",brainstorming What are the continents from largest to smallest?,,"The continents by size, from largest to smallest are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.",open_qa What are Singapore main geographical points according to this text? Bullet point please.,"Singapore consists of 63 islands, including the main island, Pulau Ujong. There are two man-made connections to Johor, Malaysia: the Johor–Singapore Causeway in the north and the Tuas Second Link in the west. Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa are the largest of Singapore's smaller islands. The highest natural point is Bukit Timah Hill at 163.63 m (537 ft). Under British rule, Christmas Island and the Cocos Islands were part of Singapore, and both were transferred to Australia in 1957. Pedra Branca is the nation's easternmost point. Land reclamation projects have increased Singapore's land area from 580 km2 (220 sq mi) in the 1960s to 710 km2 (270 sq mi) by 2015, an increase of some 22% (130 km2). The country is projected to reclaim another 56 km2 (20 sq mi). Some projects involve merging smaller islands through land reclamation to form larger, more functional and habitable islands, as has been done with Jurong Island. The type of sand used in reclamation is found in rivers and beaches, rather than deserts, and is in great demand worldwide. In 2010 Singapore imported almost 15 million tons of sand for its projects, the demand being such that Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam have all restricted or barred the export of sand to Singapore in recent years. As a result, in 2016 Singapore switched to using polders for reclamation, in which an area is enclosed and then pumped dry.","Signapore has today: - Land area of 710 km2 (270 sq miles) and is working towards reclaiming more using sand imports. - 63 islands, with the main island and Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa, and many smaller ones. - The highest spot of Singapore is the Bukit Timah Hill at 163.63 meter (537 feet).",information_extraction Extract the best known types of wood-decay fungi described in this paragraph and list them in a bulleted list.,"Wood-decay fungi can be classified according to the type of decay that they cause. The best-known types are brown rot, soft rot, and white rot. Each produce different enzymes, can degrade different plant materials, and can colonise different environmental niches. Brown rot and soft rot both digest a tree's cellulose and hemicellulose but not its lignin; white rot digests lignin as well. The residual products of decomposition from fungal action have variable pH, solubility and redox potentials. Over time this residue becomes incorporated in the soil and sediment so can have a noticeable effect on the environment of that area.","The best known types of wood-decay fungi are: - Brown rot - Soft rot - White rot",information_extraction What are your three favorite Martin Scorsese films,,"1. The Departed 2. GoodFellas 3. Casino",brainstorming Name the movies made by Quentin Tarantino.,,"As of March 2023, Quentin Tarantino has made these movies: 1. Reservoir Dogs 2. Pulp Fiction 3. Jackie Brown 4. Kill Bill: Volume 1 5. Kill Bill: Volume 2 6. Death Proof 7. Inglourious Basterds 8. Django Unchained 9. The Hateful Eight 10. Once Upon a Time in Hollywood",open_qa Give me 3 ideas for hobbies that I can recommend to somebody who is retiring. These should all be activities that require gentle movement and are not overly demanding on the body.,,"Retirement is an exciting opportunity for people to develop and cultivate their passions. Here are a few ideas you could recommend that are both gentle on the body but require some movement: - Gardening: while this is a seasonal pursuit, deciding on which seeds to plant, nursing them through a growing season, and learning the ins and outs of the hobby can become a lifelong passion for those with a ""green thumb"" - Walking and picking up trash: carry a bag and ""grabber"" pinchers to collect trash in your community while staying active on a walk. Rubber-tipped pinchers means you will not need to bend or stretch too far to reach, and you will be surprised how much of a difference this makes to your community members! - Fishing: most fishing can be done from the banks of a river or lake, and is a great way to experience the calming effects of a body of water while still being physically active. Whether fly fishing or reel fishing, many people who have entered retirement find this an engaging way to engage with nature either solo or as part of a community of fisher-people.",brainstorming how important is workflow integration in obtaining value from AI?,,"While data and AI are the key to delivering a modern online customer experience, grand insights and precise predictions mean nothing if the business cannot act upon them. As we see more and more organizations, especially those engaged in online commerce, fold data-driven capabilities into their operational workflows, moving from insight to action often entails the deployment of real-time capabilities, capable of sensing and responding to opportunities in the moment.",open_qa Give me a bulleted list of different ways to get around a city without a car,,"The following are different ways to get around a city without a car: 1. Walk 2. Take public transportation such as the bus or subway 3. Ride a bike 4. Use Uber 5. Ride a scooter 6. Ask a friend with a car 7. Hitchhike",brainstorming "Which of the following are commonly used as boys names: Adam, Shirley, Hunter, Mary, Susan, Stephanie, John, Buster, Matthew, James, Johan, Sean, Steven, Ada",,"Adam, Hunter, John, Buster, Matthew, James, Johan, Sean, Steven",classification Where did Rock and Roll come from?,,"Rock and Roll was derived from Jazz, Rhythm and Blues, and Country music that became popular in the mid 1950s in the USA.",open_qa Why do people prefer Windows over Linux?,,"While Linux is more commonly used in servers and supercomputers, and Windows is more popular among personal computers, both have their own advantages and disadvantages. Windows is generally considered to be easier to use, while Linux is known for its stability and security.",open_qa Why did the Seattle Supersonics leave Seattle?,,"In 2006 the owner of the team, Howard Schultz, sold the team Clay Bennett. Clay Bennett originally agreed to keep the team in Seattle, however, he then told the city that if a new arena was not built using public funds that he would move the team. Ultimately, public funding for the arena fell through and the team was moved to Oklahoma. The team is now known at the Oklahoma City Thunder. The relocation of the team was very controversial as local news organizations and fans believe that Clay Bennett's intention was to remove the team from Seattle and did not provide reasonable terms for a renovation of the basketball arena.",open_qa What are some plastic use reduction ideas,,"Plastic is a pollutant that won't easily degrade. However; its versatility can't be dismissed and its not easy to get away from its usage in our day to day lives. We can however optimize and reduce the usage. 1) Invest in a solid reusable grocery bag made out of non plastic material 2) If you don't have your own reusable grocery bag please insist your grocery store to bag your groceries in paper bags 3) This may be a surprise to you but the inner lining of canned beverages is plastic. So getting canned beverages may not be a 100% plastic free experience it's a much effective one than having the same beverage in a plastic bottle 4) Offices can install filter based water machines rather than storing plastic water bottles. 5) Invest in a reusable water jug or water bottle to avoid use and throw plastic water bottles",brainstorming What foods does a tortoise eat?,,"Tortoises eat a range of fruit and vegetables although the mainstay of a tortoise’s diet should be green leafy vegetables such as dandelions, clover, lettuce, vetch and kale. Your tortoise will enjoy sweet fruits such as bananas, strawberries, peaches and apples but these should be given no more than twice a week as the sugar can interfere with their digestive system. They can also become addicted to sweet fruits and you will find they might refuse to eat their healthy greens in favour of something sweet. Tortoises should eat a daily portion of food that is equivalent to their shell size. Ideally, they should also have 1 - 2 days a week when they don’t eat. This is because they have slow digestive systems and need a clear day or two for their systems to catch up. You should give your tortoise a weekly supplement of calcium and D3. Use one specifically formulated for reptiles and simply sprinkle it onto a favourite food. Finally, always ensure your tortoise has access to fresh water by providing them with a bowl that they can climb into. They will drink by dipping their head under the water.",open_qa What is SaaS?,,"Software as a service (SaaS) allows users to connect to and use cloud-based apps over the Internet. Common examples are email, calendaring, and office tools (such as Microsoft Office 365). SaaS provides a complete software solution that you purchase on a pay-as-you-go basis from a cloud service provider. You rent the use of an app for your organization, and your users connect to it over the Internet, usually with a web browser. All of the underlying infrastructure, middleware, app software, and app data are located in the service provider’s data center. The service provider manages the hardware and software, and with the appropriate service agreement, will ensure the availability and the security of the app and your data as well. SaaS allows your organization to get quickly up and running with an app at minimal upfront cost.",brainstorming What are the five largest countries in the world in terms of land area?,,"The five largest countries in the world in terms of land area are Russia (17,098,250 km²), Canada (9,879,750 km²), China (9,600,013 km²), the United States (9,525,067 - 9,831,510 km²), and Brazil (8,515,770 km²).",open_qa How many iron atoms are in a single molecule of the main component substance of ironsand?,"Ironsand, also known as iron-sand or iron sand, is a type of sand with heavy concentrations of iron. It is typically dark grey or blackish in colour. It is composed mainly of magnetite, Fe3O4, and also contains small amounts of titanium, silica, manganese, calcium and vanadium. Ironsand has a tendency to heat up in direct sunlight, causing temperatures high enough to cause minor burns. As such it forms a hazard in New Zealand at popular west-coast surf beaches such as Piha.","The main component of ironsand is magnetite, which has chemical formula Fe3O4. Because Fe is the chemical symbol for iron and it is followed by a 3 in this formula, there are 3 iron atoms per magnetite molecule.",closed_qa "Given a reference text about Georg Friedrich Parrot, tell me when and where he was born as well as what he studied.","Georg Friedrich Parrot (15 July 1767 – 8 July 1852) was a German scientist, the first rector of the Imperial University of Dorpat (today Tartu, Estonia) in what was then the Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire. Education Georges-Frédéric Parrot was born in Mömpelgard (now Montbéliard) (then part of the Duchy of Württemberg, from 1806 in France). His father, a surgeon by profession and the local duke's physician in ordinary, had a respectable position in the society becoming the mayor of his hometown. As the family was Protestants, they sent Georg Friedrich to study physics and mathematics at the University of Stuttgart in Stuttgart, the capital of the Duchy (1782–1786).","Georg Friedrich Parrot was born on July 15, 1767 in Mömpelgard. He studied physics and mathematics at the University of Stuttgart.",closed_qa When and where did Pokemon Go first launch?,,"Pokemon Go first launched in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States on July 6, 2016. When the game first release in Australia there were major performance issues as the usage was 50 times the predicted volume and the cloud infrastructure was not designed to scale sufficiently.",open_qa "Tell me whether these are sandwiches or cereals: Shredded wheat, honey bunches of oats, Frosted Flakes, Cheerios.",,"That is a list of cereals, not a list of sandwiches.",classification What does your vacation rental have to offer?,,"Our cabin sits nestled in the beautiful Rocky Mountains near Gatlinburg, Tennessee. It offers breathtaking views across the mountains, and you can access several trails to get out and view the beauty yourself. Hiking not for you? Enjoy the view from the hot tub on the back deck for nature sightings.",creative_writing Whats the difference between a CPU and RAM?,,"A CPU is a Centralized Processing Unit that processes data, RAM is Random Access Memory which is used to store temporary data for fast access by the processor. The processor processes the data that is stored in the memory.",open_qa "What are the best types of plants to grow in Austin, Texas?",,"The best plants for Austin, Texas should be rates for USDA Hardiness Zone 8. The best types of plants should be drought resistant, but also be able to survive multiple days or less than 10 Degree Fahrenheit temperatures in the winter. Plants should also be able to handles temperatures above 100 Degrees Fahrenheit for 100 days per year.",brainstorming Which is a species of fish? Blenny or Benny,,Blenny,classification In literature who is the alter ego of Percy Blakney,,Scarlet Pimpernel,open_qa Please share some important points about actress Zendaya using given passage as a reference,"Born and raised in Oakland, California, Zendaya began her career as a child model and backup dancer. She made her television debut as Rocky Blue on the Disney Channel sitcom Shake It Up (2010–2013) and starred as the titular character in the sitcom K.C. Undercover (2015–2018), for the channel. Her feature film debut came in 2017 with the superhero film Spider-Man: Homecoming, and she later starred in its sequels. Zendaya's role as Rue Bennett, a struggling drug addicted teenager, in the HBO teen drama series Euphoria (2019–present) made her the youngest recipient of the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, which she won twice. Her film roles include the musical The Greatest Showman (2017), the romantic drama Malcolm & Marie (2021), and the science fiction epic Dune (2021).","1. Zendaya is born and grown up in Oakland, California. 2. She started her career as a child model and made her television debut as Rocky Blue in Shake It Up (2010–2013) and starred as the titular character in K.C. Undercover (2015–2018), on Disney Channel. 3. Zendaya made her film debut in 2017 with Spider-Man: Homecoming, and she later starred in its sequels. 4. Zendaya is the youngest recipient of the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, which she won twice for Zendaya's role as Rue Bennett, a struggling drug addicted teenager, in the HBO teen drama series Euphoria (2019–present). 5. Few of her film roles include the musical The Greatest Showman (2017), the romantic drama Malcolm & Marie (2021), and the science fiction epic Dune (2021).",summarization Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description},"Grenfell (Canada 2016 Census population 1,099) is a town in Southern Saskatchewan, Canada. It is situated at the junction of Highway 47 and the Trans-Canada Highway 1 80 miles (130 km) east of Regina, the provincial capital. It is 15 miles (24 km) south of the Qu'Appelle Valley where Crooked Lake Provincial Park (at Crooked Lake) and Bird's Point Resort (at Round Lake) are popular beach destinations in summer and are accessed by Highway 47. European settlement from Ontario and the British Isles began in 1882 before the Canadian Pacific Railway reached the site of the town, and ""the town's name honours Pasco du Pre Grenfell, a railway company official."" The post office was established in 1883.","• 2016 - As of this date, the population of Grenfell, Saskatchewan was 1,099 people • 1882 - European settlement of what became Grenfell, Saskatchewan began in this year. • 1883 - This is when the post office of Grenfell was established.",information_extraction What are the main ingredients of guacamole?,,"Guacamole is an avocado based dip that can have many variations. The most common ingredients in guacamole are avocado, lime juice, red onion, cilantro, jalapeno, and salt and pepper.",brainstorming What are the best sports movies?,,"The Rocky movies are quite popular, especially the original Rocky. 42, Facing the Giants, The Natural, Moneyball, Friday Night Lights, Remember the Titans, Hoosiers, Rudy, Tin Cup, The Blind Side, etc are also worthy of recognition. Many movie fans would also consider movies like Caddyshack, even though that's more of a Comedy, yet evolves around a golf match.",brainstorming What is genomic medicine?,,"Next-generation genomic technologies allow clinicians and biomedical researchers to drastically increase the amount of genomic data collected on large study populations.[When combined with new informatics approaches that integrate many kinds of data with genomic data in disease research, this allows researchers to better understand the genetic bases of drug response and disease. Early efforts to apply the genome to medicine included those by a Stanford team led by Euan Ashley who developed the first tools for the medical interpretation of a human genome. The Genomes2People research program at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Broad Institute and Harvard Medical School was established in 2012 to conduct empirical research in translating genomics into health. Brigham and Women's Hospital opened a Preventive Genomics Clinic in August 2019, with Massachusetts General Hospital following a month later. The All of Us research program aims to collect genome sequence data from 1 million participants to become a critical component of the precision medicine research platform.",open_qa Extract all the different ways to describe dolls from these passages,"Ruth Handler watched her daughter Barbara play with paper dolls, and noticed that she often enjoyed giving them adult roles. At the time, most children's toy dolls were representations of infants. Realizing that there could be a gap in the market, Handler suggested the idea of an adult-bodied doll to her husband Elliot, a co-founder of the Mattel toy company. He was unenthusiastic about the idea, as were Mattel's directors. During a trip to Europe in 1956 with her children Barbara and Kenneth, Ruth Handler came across a German toy doll called Bild Lilli. The adult-figured doll was exactly what Handler had in mind, so she purchased three of them. She gave one to her daughter and took the others back to Mattel. The Lilli doll was based on a popular character appearing in a comic strip drawn by Reinhard Beuthin for the newspaper Bild. Lilli was a blonde bombshell, a working girl who knew what she wanted and was not above using men to get it. The Lilli doll was first sold in Germany in 1955, and although it was initially sold to adults, it became popular with children who enjoyed dressing her up in outfits that were available separately.","paper dolls, infants, adult-bodied doll, adult-figured doll",information_extraction How long did Air Finland operate?,"Oy Air Finland was an airline with its head office and base at Helsinki Airport in Vantaa, Finland, which was operating chartered and scheduled flights to holiday destinations, as well as aircraft lease services. The company was founded in 2002 and filed for bankruptcy in 2012. History Boeing 757-200 in the old livery at Kangerlussuaq Airport (2010). Boeing 757-200 in the latest livery at Málaga Airport (2012). An ex-Air Finland Boeing 757-200 in basic Jet2 Holidays livery at Leeds Bradford International Airport (2011) The airline was established in January 2002 and started flight operations on 3 April 2003. It was owned by three individuals from the aviation, finance and travel marketing industries: Harri Naivo (Chairman and Chief Financial Officer), Mika Helenius (Chief Executive Officer), and Lauri Komi. At March 2007, the company had 210 employees. On 26 June 2012, Air Finland announced that it would immediately cancel all flights and filed for bankruptcy.","They operated as a business for 10 years, between 2002 and 2012.",closed_qa Are dogs carnivores or omnivores?,,"Well, they're omnivores since dogs eat both plant based and animal based food.",classification What are the main two ways players score in the Princeton offense?,"The Princeton offense is an offensive basketball strategy which emphasizes constant motion, back-door cuts, picks on and off the ball, and disciplined teamwork. It was used and perfected at Princeton University by Pete Carril, though its roots may be traced back to Franklin “Cappy” Cappon, who coached Princeton in the late 1930s, and Bernard ""Red"" Sarachek, who coached at Yeshiva University from 1938 to 1977. The offense is designed for a unit of five players who can each pass, shoot, and dribble at an above-average level. These players hope to isolate and exploit a mismatch using these skills. Positions become less important and on offense there is no point guard, shooting guard, small forward or power forward. However, there are certain rules that players running this offense are expected to follow. The offense usually starts out with four players outside the three-point arc with one player at the top of the key. The ball is kept in constant motion through passing until either a player without the ball cuts toward the unoccupied area under and around the basket, and is passed the ball for a layup. The post player is a very important player in the offense. He sets up in the high post and draws attention to his positioning. When the ball is received in to the post the players main objective is to find back door cutters or defenders who have fallen asleep on the weak side. The hallmark of the offense is the backdoor pass, where a player on the wing suddenly moves in towards the basket, receives a bounce pass from a guard on the perimeter, and (if done correctly) finds himself with no defenders between him and a layup. Alternatively, when the defensive team attempts to pack the paint to prevent backdoor cuts, the offense utilizes three point shots from the perimeter. All five players in the offense—including the center—should be competent at making a three-point attempt, further spreading the floor, and not allowing the defense to leave any player unattended. The offense is often a very slowly developing one, relying on a high number of passes, and is often used in college basketball by teams facing opponents with superior athletic talent in order to maintain a low-scoring game (believing that a high-scoring game would favor the athletically superior opponent). As a result, Princeton has led the nation in scoring defense 19 times including in every year from 1989 to 2000.","The first way to score in the Princeton offense is by utilizing the backdoor pass. A backdoor pass is when someone on the wing suddenly cuts towards the basket and is passed the ball for an uncontested layup. If the defense tries to stop these backdoor passes, the other way to score is to make three point shots from the perimeter.",summarization What are the advantages and disadvantages of learning Java over Python?,,"Java and Python are two of the most popular programming languages. Of the two, Java is the faster language, but Python is simpler and easier to learn. Each is well-established, platform-independent, and part of a large, supportive community. But that is where the similarities end. When you’re considering Python versus Java, each language has different uses for different purposes, and each has pros and cons to consider. Advantages of Java Speed and efficiency are two of the big draws of using Java. It's also one of the coding languages considered to be easy to learn. Because many of the processes of this high-level language run automatically, you won't have to do an intense study of how everything works as much as you would with a low-level language. You should be able to master it relatively quickly depending on how much time you can devote to learning and practicing. Other advantages of using Java include the following: (1) It's simple: The syntax is straightforward, making it easy to write. It's not as complex as languages like C++, and it uses automatic memory allocation. (2) It’s platform independent: You can use Java on multiple types of computers, including Windows, iOS, Unix, and Linux systems, as long as it has the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) platform. (3) It’s object oriented: Because you create classes containing data and functions and objects that belong to those classes, it offers a more intuitive approach for big project development. It also provides flexibility and easier troubleshooting, and the ability to reuse the code. (4) It has a large global community: This is helpful when you're learning Java or should you run into any problems. (5) It supports multithreading: When you use Java, you can run more than one thread at a time. When running multiple threads, they share a common memory area to increase efficiency and performance. (6) It’s secure: Java avoids using explicit pointers, runs inside a virtual machine called a sandbox, uses byte-code verifier to check for illegal code, and provides library-level safety along with Java security package and run-time security checks. Disadvantages of Java Before deciding whether Java is the right programming language for you to start with, it’s essential to consider its weaknesses. One of the main downsides to using Java is that it uses a large amount of memory—considerably more than Python. Additionally, Java manages its memory through garbage collection, which happens once the application you’re working on no longer references the object. Java’s garbage collector clears it from memory, but during the process, other threads have to stop while the garbage collector works. The step impacts the overall performance of the application. Other disadvantages include: (1) It doesn’t offer control over garbage collection: As a programmer, you won’t have the ability to control garbage collection using functions like free() or delete(). (2) It has a lot of words: Although Java is simple, it does tend to have a lot of words in it, which will often leave you with complex, lengthy sentences and explanations. (3) It doesn't have a native look when you use it for desktops: Java has multiple graphical user interface (GUI) builders, but they aren't the best if you're creating complex UI on a desktop. Java is weaker when you're using it for desktop versus mobile when it comes to user experience and user interface. While there are many GUI builders to choose from, you'll need to do a lot of research to find the right one for your project. Python: The simple path Although Java is faster, Python is more versatile, easier to read, and has a simpler syntax. According to Stack Overflow, this general use, interpreted language is the fourth most popular coding language. It's also one of the most in-demand programming languages that hiring managers look for when hiring candidates, according to HackerRank, second only to JavaScript. Python's popularity has experienced explosive growth in the past few years, with more than 11.3 million coders choosing to use it, mainly for IoT, data science, and machine learning applications, according to ZDNet. Further, Python has had a 25 percent growth rate, adding 2.3 million developers to its community between Q3 2020 and Q3 2021, according to SlashData's “State of the Developer Nation.”. Advantages of Python Python’s versatility is difficult to match, and it's so flexible that it encourages experimentation. This keeps programmers from being pigeonholed into only building one type of application. You can learn just one language and use it to make new and different things. Computer Weekly calls Python the most versatile programming language, noting that “Although there might be a better solution for any given problem, Python will always get the job done well”. Other advantages of Python include: (1) It’s platform-independent: Like Java, you can use Python on various platforms, including macOS, Windows, and Linux. You’ll just need an interpreter designed for that platform. (2) It allows for fast development: Because Python is dynamically typed, it's fast and friendly for development. Additionally, it uses asynchronous code to tackle situations and challenges faster because each unit of code runs separately. (3) It offers extensive libraries: Its large library supports common tasks and commands. It also contains code that can be used for many different purposes, ranging from generating documentation to unit testing to CGI. (4) It offers a more flexible approach to programming: Python supports a variety of programming styles and has multiple paradigms. Not only is this optimal for programmers who enjoy flexibility, but it also makes it ideal for start-ups that might need to shift approaches abruptly. (5) It's free and open-source: You can download Python without any cost, and because it's so easy to learn and boasts one of the largest and most active communities—you should be able to start writing code in mere minutes. (6) It may boost productivity: NetGuru says that Python is more productive than Java because of how concise it is and because it's dynamically typed. Additionally, it has control capabilities and integration features that can make applications more productive. Disadvantages of Python While Python is arguably one of the easiest and fastest languages to learn, it’s also decidedly slower to execute because it’s a dynamically typed, interpreted language, executed line-by-line. Python does extra work while executing the code, making it less suitable for use in projects that depend on speed. However, if speed isn’t a sensitive issue, Python’s slower nature won’t likely be a problem. Other potential disadvantages include: (1) It only executes one thread at a time: Python has a Global Interpreter Lock that only lets one thread execute at a time, so if you're working on a multi-threaded CPU-bound program, it'll likely be even slower. Using multiprocessing programs instead of multithreaded programs can be an effective workaround. (2) It isn't mobile native: Python can be effectively and easily used for mobile purposes, but you'll need to put a bit more effort into finding libraries that give you the necessary framework. Some examples include Kivy, which lets you use the same API to create mobile apps and software that you can run on Raspberry PI, Linux, and Windows. (3) It uses a large amount of memory: If you're working on a project where many objects are active in RAM, this could present an issue for you. Switching to NumPy could be an effective workaround to reduce the amount of memory Python uses for each object.",open_qa Suggest an allocation to implement a three portfolio strategy as described in the text below,"A three-fund portfolio is based on the fundamental asset classes, stocks and bonds. It is assumed that cash is not counted within the investment portfolio, so it is not included. On the other hand, it is assumed that every investor should hold both domestic and international stocks. The task, then, is to take these three basic non-cash assets — domestic stocks, international stocks, and bonds — decide how much of each to hold (your asset allocation); choose where to hold each of these asset classes, and finally choose a mutual fund to use for each asset class.","From Vanguard's list of ""core funds,"" the funds that are best for a three-fund portfolio are: Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund (VTSAX) Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund (VTIAX) Vanguard Total Bond Market Fund (VBTLX) So, a ""three-fund portfolio"" might consist of 42% Total Stock Market Index, 18% Total International Stock Index, and 40% Total Bond Market fund.",closed_qa As per the passage what are the four names of the Vedas?,"In the most generic context, a Samhita may refer to any methodical collection of text or verses: Any shastra, sutra, or Sanskrit Epic, along with Vedic texts, might be referred to as a Samhita.Samhita, however, in contemporary literature typically implies the earliest, archaic part of the Vedas. These contain mantras – sacred sounds with or without literal meaning, as well as panegyrics, prayers, litanies and benedictions petitioning nature or Vedic deities. Vedic Samhita refer to mathematically precise metrical archaic text of each of the Vedas (Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda).The Vedas have been divided into four styles of texts – the Samhitas (mantras and benedictions), the Brahmanas (text on rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices and symbolic-sacrifices), the Aranyakas (commentaries on rituals, ceremonies and sacrifices), and the Upanishads (text discussing meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge). The Samhitas are sometimes identified as karma-khanda (कर्म खण्ड, action / ritual-related section), while the Upanishads are identified as jnana-khanda (ज्ञान खण्ड, knowledge / spirituality-related section). The Aranyakas and Brahmanas are variously classified, sometimes as the ceremonial karma-khanda, other times (or parts of them) as the jnana-khanda.The Vedic Samhitas were chanted during ceremonies and rituals, and parts of it remain the oldest living part of Hindu tradition.A collective study of Vedas and later text suggests that the compendium of Samhitas and associated Vedic texts were far larger than currently available. However, most have been lost at some point or over a period of Indian history.","Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda",information_extraction Give me a list of 7 continents in the world in alphabetical order.,,"There are seven different continents in the world. Here is the list of them in alphabetical order: Africa Antarctica Asia Australia Europe North America South America",brainstorming What are the words of House Arryn?,,"""As High as Honor""",open_qa "Polly, a 51-year-old female, visits your fitness facility. Polly has been told she has pre-diabetes. Explain to her what this means. What role can exercise play in reversing this?",,"From a scientific point of view, this means that she is insulin resistant, but she does not have hyperglycemia. As a result, she should be concerned; she is at a high risk for developing type 2 diabetes. The health risks are numerous: damage to blood vessels, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis (thinning bones), and even certain types of cancer like colon, breast, and prostate. However, she can lower insulin resistance and mitigate her risk of pre-diabetes by improving her exercise habits. According to ACSM’s Health and Fitness Journal, almost “all physical activity has a positive effect on insulin.” To maximize efficacy, she should focus on moderate to higher intensity physical activities to best enhance insulin action and glycemic control.",open_qa Are there companies that build a plane end to end?,"Few companies produce planes on a large scale. However, the production of a plane for one company is a process that actually involves dozens, or even hundreds, of other companies and plants, that produce the parts that go into the plane. For example, one company can be responsible for the production of the landing gear, while another one is responsible for the radar. The production of such parts is not limited to the same city or country; in the case of large plane manufacturing companies, such parts can come from all over the world. The parts are sent to the main plant of the plane company, where the production line is located. In the case of large planes, production lines dedicated to the assembly of certain parts of the plane can exist, especially the wings and the fuselage","A plane is typically not created by a single entity, but instead is a collaboration between numerous parts manufacturers and assemblers.",information_extraction What are toe beans?,,Toe beans is a colloquial term originating on the Internet and is used to refer to the leathers of a cat (its toes and paw pad). It can also refer to a dog's paws but the term was popularized in the context of cats.,open_qa What is Gingham fabric?,,"Gingham, also called Vichy check, is a medium-weight balanced plain-woven fabric typically with striped, check or plaid duotone patterns, in bright colour and in white made from dyed cotton or cotton-blend yarns. It is made of carded, medium or fine yarns.",open_qa Who really invented the telephone ?,"Credit for the invention of the electric telephone is frequently disputed, and new controversies over the issue have arisen from time to time. Antonio Meucci, Alexander Graham Bell, and Elisha Gray amongst others, have all been credited with the telephone's invention. The early history of the telephone became and still remains a confusing morass of claims and counterclaims, which were not clarified by the huge number of lawsuits filed in order to resolve the patent claims of the many individuals and commercial competitors. The Bell and Edison patents, however, were commercially decisive, because they dominated telephone technology and were upheld by court decisions in the United States. The modern telephone is the result of the work of many people. Alexander Graham Bell was, however, the first to patent the telephone, as an ""apparatus for transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically"". Bell has most often been credited as the inventor of the first practical telephone. Johann Philipp Reis coined the term ""telephon"". Models of it were sent abroad, to London, Dublin, Tiflis, and other places. It became a subject for popular lectures, and an article for scientific cabinets. Edison credited him as the ""first inventor of the telephone."" The Italian-American inventor and businessman Antonio Meucci has been recognized by the U.S. House of Representatives for his contributory work on the telephone. Several other controversies also surround the question of priority of invention for the telephone. The Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy considers the question of whether Bell and Gray invented the telephone independently and, if not, whether Bell stole the invention from Gray. This controversy is narrower than the broader question of who deserves credit for inventing the telephone, for which there are several claimants.","The telephone invention is a result of many contributions across the years. The most well-known, Antonio Meucci, Alexander Graham Bell, and Elisha Gray helped provided their knowledge and works to create the telephone as we know it today. Several people claimed credit for this creation but we can easily say that this invention is the fruit of humanity's collaboration to ease communication and get people closer across the globe.",closed_qa Please give me a summary of what AES-GCM is and what are its inputs and outputs.,"In cryptography, Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) is a mode of operation for symmetric-key cryptographic block ciphers which is widely adopted for its performance. GCM throughput rates for state-of-the-art, high-speed communication channels can be achieved with inexpensive hardware resources. The GCM algorithm provides both data authenticity (integrity) and confidentiality and belongs to the class of authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) methods. This means that as input it takes a key K, some plaintext P, and some associated data AD; it then encrypts the plaintext using the key to produce ciphertext C, and computes an authentication tag T from the ciphertext and the associated data (which remains unencrypted). A recipient with knowledge of K, upon reception of AD, C and T, can decrypt the ciphertext to recover the plaintext P and can check the tag T to ensure that neither ciphertext nor associated data were tampered with.","AES-GCM is a mode of operation for symmetric-key cryptography. It stands for Galois/Counter Mode and is an authenticated block cipher that provides integrity and authenticity on top of confidentiality. It accepts as input a key K, a plaintest P and associated data AD, and it produces as output the ciphertext C and an authentication tag T.",summarization "Tell me which of these are titles from William Gibson: The Peripheral, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, Foundation, Neuromancer, Mona Lisa Overdrive, Count Zero, Pattern Recognition, The Last Question, Jennifer Government",,"The Peripheral, Neuromancer, Mona Lisa Overdrive, Count Zero, Pattern Recognition",classification How does the J programming language improve upon the syntax of APL?,"The J programming language, developed in the early 1990s by Kenneth E. Iverson and Roger Hui, is an array programming language based primarily on APL (also by Iverson). To avoid repeating the APL special-character problem, J uses only the basic ASCII character set, resorting to the use of the dot and colon as inflections to form short words similar to digraphs. Most such primary (or primitive) J words serve as mathematical symbols, with the dot or colon extending the meaning of the basic characters available. Also, many characters which in other languages often must be paired (such as [] {} """" `` or <>) are treated by J as stand-alone words or, when inflected, as single-character roots of multi-character words.",J avoids using the special characters required in APL by instead using only ASCII symbols and combining them with dot and colon. This makes it a lot easier to type on a standard keyboard.,summarization What are some adventurous activities we could do during a bachelors party?,,"Adventurous activities to do on a bachelors party include mountain biking, sky diving, canyoning, rafting, bungee jumping, laser tag, archery, and paintball.",brainstorming Give me an idea of some cold beverages to drink on a hot day,,"Some cold beverages to drink on a hot day would be iced tea, lemonade, a milkshake, or water. If you enjoy alcohol, you could drink a refrigerated beer or a wine that is served cold, like sangria or rosé.",brainstorming "Given this paragraph on Mercury-Redstone 1, how many people were on the MR-1 when the launched failed, and when was the launch?","Mercury-Redstone 1 (MR-1) was the first Mercury-Redstone uncrewed flight test in Project Mercury and the first attempt to launch a Mercury spacecraft with the Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle. Intended to be an uncrewed sub-orbital spaceflight, it was launched on November 21, 1960 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. The launch failed in abnormal fashion: immediately after the Mercury-Redstone rocket started to move, it shut itself down and settled back on the pad, after which the capsule jettisoned its escape rocket and deployed its recovery parachutes. The failure has been referred to as the ""four-inch flight"", for the approximate distance traveled by the launch vehicle.","MR-1 was launched on November 21, 1960, and MR-1 was an uncrewed flight, so there were no people on the spacecraft.",closed_qa What color is Lavendar?,"Lavender is a light shade of purple or violet. It applies particularly to the color of the flower of the same name. The web color called lavender is displayed at right—it matches the color of the very palest part of the lavender flower; however, the more saturated color shown below as floral lavender more closely matches the average color of the lavender flower as shown in the picture and is the tone of lavender historically and traditionally considered lavender by the average person as opposed to those who are website designers. The color lavender might be described as a medium purple or a light pinkish-purple. The term lavender may be used in general to apply to a wide range of pale, light or grayish-purples but only on the blue side. Lilac is pale purple on the pink side. In paints, the color lavender is made by mixing purple and white paint. The first recorded use of the word lavender as a color term in English was in 1705.",Lavender is a light shade of purple or violet.,closed_qa What kind of merchant ships would be useful in a modern naval conflict?,,"Two broad categories of merchant ships would likely be most useful in a modern naval conflict: large roll-on/roll-off ships with double hulls and small, fast ferries. If an adversary can find a ship on the open ocean and target it with a modern anti-ship missile, this opponent can certainly destroy the complex machinery needed to operate a container port or an oil terminal. Consequently, any cargo you want to unload in a war zone is going to need to drive off a ship on the back of a truck....quickly. An oil tanker will be useless, but a RO/RO ship loaded with tanker trucks can unload lots of fuel under austere/wartime conditions. Similarly, a container ship will be of little use without the large, land-based cranes used at most container shipping ports. A ferry loaded with trucks hauling shipping containers can quickly load and unload without the need for specialized equipment. Data from the Iran-Iraq war suggest that a large, 50,000+ ton RO/RO with a double hull is likely big enough to survive a hit from a modern anti-ship missile. A fast ferry that can move at ~40 knots is probably going to be too small to detect from space or shore using backscatter radar. Conversely, a 100,000-ton PanMax oil tanker or a 5,000 TEU container ship will be easy to detect, and slow enough to target.",classification Give me a bulleted list of the different ways coffee can be brewed.,"Coffee drinks are made by brewing water with ground coffee beans. The brewing is either done slowly by drip, filter, French press, cafetière or percolator, or done very quickly under pressure by an espresso machine. When put under the pressure of an espresso machine, the coffee is termed espresso while slow-brewed coffees are generally termed brewed coffee. While all coffee drinks are based on either coffee or espresso, some drinks add milk or cream, some are made with steamed milk or non-dairy milks, or add water (like the americano). Upon milk additions, coffee's flavor can vary with different syrups or sweeteners, alcoholic liqueurs, and even combinations of coffee with espresso or tea. There are many variations to the basic coffee or espresso bases.","Different methods of brewing coffee: - Slow-brewed coffee - Drip - Filter - French press - Cafetière - Percolator - Espresso machine",summarization "Using valid, well-formatted JSON, generate a list of espresso spellings based on the text provided","The spelling expresso is mostly considered incorrect, though some sources call it a less common variant. It is common in French and Portuguese. Italy uses the term espresso, substituting s for most x letters in Latin-root words; x is not considered part of the standard Italian alphabet. Italian people commonly refer to it simply as caffè (coffee), espresso being the ordinary coffee to order; the same happens in Portugal (café), with some regional variations (bica in Lisbon and cimbalino traditionally in Porto); in Spain, while café expreso is seen as the more ""formal"" denomination, café solo (alone, without milk) is the usual way to ask for it when at an espresso bar.","[ ""espresso"", ""expresso"", ""coffee"", ""caffè"", ""café"", ""bica"", ""cimbalino"", ""café expreso"", ""café solo"" ]",information_extraction Who is the most successful driver in Formula 1 history?,,"The drivers with the most titles in Formula 1 history are Michael Schumacher and Lewis Hamilton, with seven titles each, however, we can measure success in many ways, and we can name other very-successful drivers in Formula 1 history like Ayrton Senna, Sebastian Vettel, Alain Prost and Juan Manuel Fangio.",open_qa What modern city used to be known as New Amsterdam?,,"The modern city used to be known as New Amsterdam was founded in 1626, when the Dutch West India Company established a trading post at the tip of Manhattan Island. The city was renamed New York in 1664.",open_qa What is the difference between a guitar and a bass,,"A guitar is a musical instrument that generally houses six strings, while a bass usually has four much thicker strings. A bass guitar outputs lower frequency notes, while a regular guitar can play a wider variety of tones.",open_qa What are some good body weight exercises for shoulders?,,"Good body weight exercises for shoulders include plank front arm reaches, pike pushups, plank shoulder taps, arm circles, and dolphin presses.",brainstorming What countries are in the European Union?,,"- Austria - Belgium - Bulgaria - Croatia - Cyprus - Czechia (a.k.a. Czech Republic) - Denmark - Estonia - Finland - France - Germany - Greece - Hungary - Ireland - Italy - Latvia - Lithuania - Luxembourg - Malta - Netherlands - Poland - Portugal - Romania - Slovakia - Slovenia - Spain - Sweden",brainstorming "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Phytosaurs, Leatherback Turtle",,"Leatherback Turtle is alive, Phytosaurs is extinct.",classification Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name},"Bill Rasmussen came up with the concept of ESPN in May 1978, after he was fired from his job with the World Hockey Association's New England Whalers. Bill and his son Scott (who had also been let go by the Whalers) first rented office space in Plainville, Connecticut. However, the plan to base ESPN there was put on hold because of a local ordinance prohibiting buildings from bearing rooftop satellite dishes. Available land to build their own facility on was quickly found in Bristol, Connecticut (where the channel remains headquartered to this day), with funding to buy the property provided by Getty Oil, which purchased 85% of the company from Bill Rasmussen on February 22, 1979, in an attempt to diversify the company's holdings. This helped the credibility of the fledgling company; however, there were still many doubters about the viability of their sports channel concept. Another event that helped build ESPN's credibility was securing an advertising agreement with Anheuser-Busch in the spring of 1979; the company invested $1 million to be the ""exclusive beer advertised on the network.""","• Bill Rasmussen • Scott Rasmussen",information_extraction "From the passage provided, extract the awards received by Jensen Huang from 1999-2021.","In 1999, Jensen Huang was named Entrepreneur of the Year in High Technology by Ernst & Young.[citation needed] In 2003, Huang received the Dr. Morris Chang Exemplary Leadership Award, which recognizes a leader who has made exceptional contributions to driving the development, innovation, growth, and long-term opportunities of the fabless semiconductor industry, from the Fabless Semiconductor Association. He was also a National Finalist for the EY Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 2003 and was an Award Recipient for the Northern California region in 1999.[citation needed] Additionally, Huang is a recipient of the Daniel J. Epstein Engineering Management Award from the University of Southern California and was named an Alumni Fellow by Oregon State University. Huang was awarded an honorary doctorate from Oregon State University at the June 13, 2009, commencement ceremony. In 2018, Huang was listed in the inaugural Edge 50, naming the world's top 50 influencers in edge computing. In October 2019, Harvard Business Review named Jensen Huang best-performing CEO in the world. In November 2020, Jensen Huang was named ""Supplier CEO of the year"" by Eurostars AutomotiveNewsEurope. Huang was awarded an honorary doctorate from National Taiwan University at the school anniversary in November, 2020.[better source needed] In August 2021, the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) announced that Jensen Huang is the 2021 recipient of the industry’s highest honor, the Robert N. Noyce Award. In September 2021, he was included in the Time 100, Time's annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world.","Jensen Huang's awards include: 1) Entrepreneur of the Year in High Technology by Ernst & Young, 2) Dr. Morris Chang Exemplary Leadership Award, 3) National Finalist for the EY Entrepreneur of the Year Award, 4) Award Recipient for the Northern California region, 5) Daniel J. Epstein Engineering Management Award, 6) Alumni Fellow of Oregon State University, 7) honorary doctorate from Oregon State University, 8) Edge 50 member 9) best-performing CEO in the world 10) Supplier CEO of the year, 11) honorary doctorate from National Taiwan University, 12) Robert N. Noyce Award, 13) Time 100 member.",information_extraction How comes a free-diver does not get crushed by the pressure when diving?,,"Every 10 meters under water, the pressure increases by 1 bar, which is approximately one standard atmosphere unit. This means for example at 50 meters deep, the pressure the diver is receiving is six times higher than at the surface. For most of the body, composed of tissues and fluids, this is not a problem as they are incompressible. However, the air contained in the lungs being pressurised will reduce in volume inversely proportionally to the pressure. If the individual dives with a tank, he will be able to inflate his lungs, but if the diver is free-diving, the volume of air is limited (being the one taken at the surface). In our previous example, the volume contained in the lungs would be divided by 6, which is in principle below their residual volume. This means lungs will not be able to deform themselves anymore, and a depression will appear in the thorax of the free-diver hence risking the lungs to collapse. The latter would though not happen, as the depression created in the lungs from not being able to get deformed anymore will generate an influx of blood that strengthen the lungs structure, protecting them from being damaged.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about salmon, give me an overview of their lifecycle.","Salmon are typically anadromous: they hatch in the gravel beds of shallow fresh water streams, migrate to the ocean as adults and live like sea fish, then return to fresh water to reproduce. However, populations of several species are restricted to fresh water throughout their lives. Folklore has it that the fish return to the exact spot where they hatched to spawn, and tracking studies have shown this to be mostly true. A portion of a returning salmon run may stray and spawn in different freshwater systems; the percent of straying depends on the species of salmon. Homing behavior has been shown to depend on olfactory memory.","Salmon hatch in fresh water streams, migrate to the ocean as adults, then return to fresh water to reproduce.",closed_qa Where did David Leatherbarrow receive his PhD from?,"David Leatherbarrow is Professor of Architecture and Chair of the Graduate Group in Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania School of Design, Philadelphia, where he has taught since 1984. He received his B.Arch. from the University of Kentucky and holds a Ph.D. in Art from the University of Essex. He has also taught in England, at Cambridge University and the University of Westminster (formerly the Polytechnic of Central London).",University of Essex,closed_qa "Tell me whether these are cheeses or not: Stinking Bishop, Gouda, Gonzo, Brie, Partisano",,"Stinking Bishop, Gouda, and Brie are cheeses. Gonzo and Partisano are not.",classification What are the names of Tata trusts which Ratan Tata heads?,"Ratan Tata was the interim chairman of Tata Sons. He continues to head the main two Tata trusts Sir Dorabji Tata and Allied Trusts and Sir Ratan Tata Trust and their allied trusts, with a combined stake of 66% in Tata Sons, Tata group's holding company.He has served in various capacities in organizations in India and abroad. He is a member of Prime Minister's 'Council on Trade and Industry' and the 'National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council'. He is on the jury panel of Pritzker Architecture Prize – considered to be one of the world's premier architecture prizes.Over the years Tata has served on the Cornell University Board of Trustees, personally advising the school's administration in matters of international involvement, particularly regarding projects connected to India. More broadly, Tata has served on the board's Academic Affairs, Student Life, and Development Committees. In 2013 he was named Cornell Entrepreneur of the Year.He is a director on the boards of Alcoa Inc., Mondelez International and Board of Governors of the East–West Center. He is also a member of the board of trustees of University of Southern California, Harvard Business School Board of Dean's Advisors, X Prize and Cornell University. He is a member on the board of International Advisory Council at Bocconi University.He is also a member of the Harvard Business School India Advisory Board (IAB) since 2006 and previously a member of the Harvard Business School Asia-Pacific Advisory Board (APAB) 2001–2006.[citation needed]In 2013, he was appointed to the board of trustees of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.In February 2015, Ratan took an advisory role at Kalari Capital, a venture capital firm founded by Vani Kola.In October 2016, Tata Sons removed Cyrus Mistry as its chairman, nearly 4 years after he took over the reins of the over $100 billion conglomerate, Ratan Tata made a comeback, taking over the company's interim boss for 4 months. On 12 January 2017, Natarajan Chandrasekaran was named as the chairman of Tata Sons, a role he assumed in February 2017.",Sir Dorabji Tata and Allied Trusts and Sir Ratan Tata Trust,information_extraction List all the names of people in this paragraph. Separate the names with commas.,"When Guettel took up music composition in his mid-teens, he was encouraged by his family. His mother said that she offered him advice for around a year, ""After that, he was so far beyond anything I could ever have dreamed of, I just backed off."" Richard Rodgers, who died when Guettel was 15, overheard an early composition, said he liked it and asked him to play it louder. Guettel has qualified the compliment, noting that ""He was literally on his deathbed on the other side of the living-room wall."" In his high school and collegiate years and into his early twenties, Guettel worked as a rock and jazz musician, singing and playing bass, before realizing ""that writing for character and telling stories through music was something that I really loved to do, and that allowed me to express love.""","Guettel, Richard Rodgers",information_extraction "From the passage provided, display a list of reviews in the format: {Reviewer name} - {Review}","Pocket Bowling received mixed reviews. Craig Harris of IGN stated that Pocket Bowling was ""definitely the winner"" of Game Boy Color bowling games, compared to 10 Pin Bowling, praising the ""effort (that) went in to making the game as complete as possible"" with several game modes. Game Boy Xtreme positively assessed the game as ""surprisingly playable"". In a negative review for Total Game Boy, Jem Roberts stated ""there's very little to the graphics at all"" and ""there's hardly anything to the game itself"", expecting a greater ""challenge or sense of competition"". Brett Alan Weiss of Allgame similarly praised the lack of difficulty, stating ""it's a shame Pocket Bowling is such an easy game to master. It has crisp graphics and a professional but fun presentation. The playfield is laid out well, the controls are tight and the pins behave realistically. This would have been a fun game to play when standing in line at the bank or waiting for a lane on league night. Unfortunately, the game is not worth more than a rental.""","Craig Harris (IGN) - Pocket Bowling was ""definitely the winner"" of Game Boy Color bowling games. Praising the ""effort (that) went in to making the game as complete as possible"" Game Boy Xtreme - ""surprisingly playable"" Jem Roberts (Total Game Boy) - ""there's very little to the graphics at all"" and ""there's hardly anything to the game itself"" Brett Alan Weiss (Allgame) - ""it's a shame Pocket Bowling is such an easy game to master. It has crisp graphics and a professional but fun presentation. The playfield is laid out well, the controls are tight and the pins behave realistically. This would have been a fun game to play when standing in line at the bank or waiting for a lane on league night. Unfortunately, the game is not worth more than a rental.""",information_extraction Where is Venezuela?,,"Venezuela is located in South America, next to Colombia, Brazil and Guyana.",open_qa Please give me a short bulleted list of the principal fields of engineering,"Main branches of engineering For a topical guide, see Outline of engineering. Hoover Dam Engineering is a broad discipline that is often broken down into several sub-disciplines. Although an engineer will usually be trained in a specific discipline, he or she may become multi-disciplined through experience. Engineering is often characterized as having four main branches: chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering. Chemical engineering Main article: Chemical engineering Chemical engineering is the application of physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering principles in order to carry out chemical processes on a commercial scale, such as the manufacture of commodity chemicals, specialty chemicals, petroleum refining, microfabrication, fermentation, and biomolecule production. Civil engineering Main article: Civil engineering Civil engineering is the design and construction of public and private works, such as infrastructure (airports, roads, railways, water supply, and treatment etc.), bridges, tunnels, dams, and buildings. Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines, including structural engineering, environmental engineering, and surveying. It is traditionally considered to be separate from military engineering. Electrical engineering Main article: Electrical engineering Electric motor Electrical engineering is the design, study, and manufacture of various electrical and electronic systems, such as broadcast engineering, electrical circuits, generators, motors, electromagnetic/electromechanical devices, electronic devices, electronic circuits, optical fibers, optoelectronic devices, computer systems, telecommunications, instrumentation, control systems, and electronics. Mechanical engineering Main article: Mechanical engineering Mechanical engineering is the design and manufacture of physical or mechanical systems, such as power and energy systems, aerospace/aircraft products, weapon systems, transportation products, engines, compressors, powertrains, kinematic chains, vacuum technology, vibration isolation equipment, manufacturing, robotics, turbines, audio equipments, and mechatronics. Bioengineering Main article: Biological engineering Bioengineering is the engineering of biological systems for a useful purpose. Examples of bioengineering research include bacteria engineered to produce chemicals, new medical imaging technology, portable and rapid disease diagnostic devices, prosthetics, biopharmaceuticals, and tissue-engineered organs.","chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering and bioengineering",summarization How was Elon Musk involved in Paypal?,"Individuals whom the media refers to as members of the PayPal Mafia include: Peter Thiel, PayPal founder and former chief executive officer who is sometimes referred to as the ""don"" of the PayPal Mafia Max Levchin, founder and chief technology officer at PayPal Elon Musk, co-founder of Zip2, founder of X.com which merged with Confinity to form PayPal. Musk later founded SpaceX, co-founded Tesla, Inc., co-founded OpenAI, Neuralink, founded The Boring Company, and became owner of Twitter, Inc. David O. Sacks, former PayPal COO who later founded Geni.com and Yammer Scott Banister, early advisor and board member at PayPal. Roelof Botha, former PayPal CFO who later became a partner and Senior Steward of venture capital firm Sequoia Capital Steve Chen, former PayPal engineer who co-founded YouTube. Reid Hoffman, former executive vice president who later founded LinkedIn and was an early investor in Facebook, Aviary Ken Howery, former PayPal CFO who became a partner at Founders Fund Chad Hurley, former PayPal web designer who co-founded YouTube Eric M. Jackson, who wrote the book The PayPal Wars and became chief executive officer of WND Books and co-founded CapLinked Jawed Karim, former PayPal engineer who co-founded YouTube Jared Kopf, former PayPal (executive assistant to Peter Thiel) who co-founded Slide, HomeRun and NextRoll Dave McClure, former PayPal marketing director, a super angel investor for start up companies Andrew McCormack, co-founder of Valar Ventures Luke Nosek, PayPal co-founder and former vice president of marketing and strategy, became a partner at Founders Fund with Peter Thiel and Ken Howery Keith Rabois, former executive at PayPal who later worked at LinkedIn, Slide, Square, Khosla Ventures, and currently with Peter Thiel at Founders Fund, and personally invested in Tokbox, Xoom, Slide, LinkedIn, Geni, Room 9 Entertainment, YouTube, and Yelp Jack Selby, former vice president of corporate and international development at PayPal who co-founded Clarium Capital with Peter Thiel, later becoming managing director of Grandmaster Capital Management Premal Shah, former product manager at PayPal, became the founding president of Kiva.org Russel Simmons, former PayPal engineer who co-founded Yelp Inc. Jeremy Stoppelman, former vice president of technology at PayPal who later co-founded Yelp Yishan Wong, former engineering manager at PayPal, later worked at Facebook and became the CEO of Reddit","Elon Musk founded X.com, which merged with Confinity to form Paypal.",summarization From the passage identify the locations of the ICICI Bank branches and its subsidiaries outside India. Display the results in comma separated format.,"ICICI Bank Limited is an Indian multinational bank and financial services company headquartered in Mumbai. It offers a wide range of banking products and financial services for corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and specialized subsidiaries in the areas of investment banking, life, non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management. This development finance institution has a network of 5,275 branches and 15,589 ATMs across India and has a presence in 17 countries. The bank has subsidiaries in the United Kingdom and Canada; branches in United States, Singapore, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Qatar, Oman, Dubai International Finance Centre, China and South Africa; as well as representative offices in United Arab Emirates, Bangladesh, Malaysia and Indonesia. The company's UK subsidiary has also established branches in Belgium and Germany.","United Kingdom, Canada, United States, Singapore, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Qatar, Oman, Dubai International Finance Centre, China, South Africa, United Arab Emirates, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia, Belgium, Germany",information_extraction What are some ways that an enterprise software company can cut costs?,,"There are many different types of enterprise software companies, and no one right way to cut costs. Here are a few ideas: - Reduce Cost of Customer Acquisition. Sales and marketing cost a percentage of revenue is often the largest expense for enterprise software companies. Improving the efficiency of sales people, reducing sales commissions, or reducing supporting staff could all lead to lower cost of customer acquisition. - Reduce research and development spend. R&D can be a large expense for enterprise software companies. By reducing the number of software engineers, supporting cloud costs, or improving productivity with better tooling and process, you can reduce R&D costs. - Improve revenue margins by reducing cost of goods sold. COGS will increase with revenue and can be a large expense. Reducing support engineers, improving customer service efficiency, or reducing operational costs - such as cloud costs - can improve revenue margins. These are some ideas for how to cut costs, although every business is different and requires different approaches.",brainstorming "Classify the following as indoor, outdoor, activities or both: basketball, hiking, soccer, rock climbing, mountaineering, swimming.",,"Basketball, soccer, rock climbing and swimming are both indoor and outdoor activities. Mountaineering and hiking are outdoor activities.",classification When was the Stansfeld's death,"Stansfeld began his career as a civil servant in HM Customs and Excise. In 1877, he moved to Oxford, and later matriculated as a student at Exeter College, where he studied Medicine, attaining his BA in 1889, MA in 1893 and qualified as a doctor in 1897. In 1897 he started the Oxford Medical Misson in Bermondsey, London, where he founded the Stansfeld Oxford & Bermondsey Club in the same year. In 1909, he decided to take Holy Orders and studied part-time at Wycliffe Hall, Oxford. He was appointed Vicar of St Anne's Church, Thoburn Square, Bermondsey in 1910, and then returned to Oxford in 1912 as Rector of St Ebbe's, Oxford then a slum district until his retirement in 1926. Stansfeld died at Spelsbury, Oxfordshire, aged 85 in December 1939. He campaigned successfully for the erection of a children's playground and public baths in St Ebbe's. His philanthropy is commemorated by a blue plaque in Paradise Square, unveiled in June 2009.","Stansfeld died at Spelsbury, Oxfordshire, aged 85 in December 1939",closed_qa Make me a list of all the different ways I could tell my sister about a recent vacation,,"You could tell her about your vacation by writing a letter, mailing a postcard, sending an email, giving her a call, sending a text or visiting her house",brainstorming What is ADSL?,,A high-bandwidth digital transmission technology that uses existing phone lines and also allows voice transmissions over the same lines,open_qa What is a Ferocactus,,"Ferocactus is a genus of large barrel-shaped cacti, mostly with large spines and small flowers. There are about 30 species included in the genus. They are found in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.",open_qa What are some comfort food style breakfasts that include eggs?,,"Eggs are used in many breakfast recipes, including ones that are comfort food style. Some ideas for such foods would be: - French toast - Bacon, egg, and cheese sandwich - Crepes with fruit and cheese filling - Shakshuka with warmed pita - Omelette - Potato and vegetable hash with fried eggs",brainstorming What is a metaverse?,,"In science fiction, the ""metaverse"" is a hypothetical iteration of the Internet as a single, universal, and immersive virtual world that is facilitated by the use of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) headsets. In colloquial usage, a ""metaverse"" is a network of 3D virtual worlds focused on social and economic connection. The term ""metaverse"" originated in the 1992 science fiction novel Snow Crash as a portmanteau of ""meta"" and ""universe"". Metaverse development is often linked to advancing virtual reality technology due to the increasing demands for immersion. Recent interest in metaverse development is influenced by Web3, a concept for a decentralized iteration of the internet. Web3 and metaverse have been used as buzzwords to exaggerate the development progress of various related technologies and projects for public relations purposes. Information privacy, user addiction, and user safety are concerns within the metaverse, stemming from challenges facing the social media and video game industries as a whole.",open_qa Which rivers were the birthplaces of the first great civilizations?,,"The first great civilizations arose near rivers, where they could develop agriculture. The Egyptian civilization arose around the Nile, the Sumerian civilization in Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; the Harappa and Mohenjo Daro cultures arose along the Indus river (Pakistan), and the ancient Chinese civilization arose around the Yangtze river.",open_qa What is the likelihood of the Cascadia Earthquake ocurring in the next 50 years and how bad will it be?,"The geological record reveals that ""great earthquakes"" (those with moment magnitude 8 or higher) occur in the Cascadia subduction zone about every 500 years on average, often accompanied by tsunamis. There is evidence of at least 13 events at intervals from about 300 to 900 years with an average of 570–590 years. Previous earthquakes are estimated to have been in AD 1310, AD 810, AD 400, 170 BC and 600 BC.[citation needed] Cascadia earthquake sources As seen in the 1700 quake, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, subduction zone earthquakes can cause large tsunamis, and many coastal areas in the region have prepared tsunami evacuation plans in anticipation of a possible future Cascadia earthquake. However, the major nearby cities, notably Seattle, Portland, Vancouver, Victoria, and Tacoma, which are located on inland waterways rather than on the coast, would be sheltered from the full brunt of a tsunami. These cities do have many vulnerable structures, especially bridges and unreinforced brick buildings; consequently, most of the damage to the cities would probably be from the earthquake itself. One expert asserts that buildings in Seattle are vastly inadequate even to withstand an event of the size of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, let alone any more powerful one. Kenneth Murphy, who directs FEMA's Region X, the division responsible for Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Alaska, put it quite dramatically: ""Our operating assumption is that everything west of Interstate 5 will be toast."" Recent findings conclude that the Cascadia subduction zone is more complex and volatile than previously believed. In 2010, geologists predicted a 37% chance of an M8.2+ event within 50 years, and a 10 to 15% chance that the entire Cascadia subduction zone will rupture with an M9+ event within the same time frame. Geologists have also determined the Pacific Northwest is not prepared for such a colossal quake. The tsunami produced could reach heights of 80 to 100 feet (24 to 30 m). A 2004 study revealed the potential for relative mean sea level rise (caused by subsidence) along the Cascadia subduction zone. It postulated that cities on the west coast of Vancouver Island, such as Tofino and Ucluelet, are at risk for a 1–2 m subsidence, relative to mean sea level.","Geologists predict a 37% chance of a magnitude 8.2+ earthquake caused by subduction of the Cascadia plate in the next 38 years, and a 10% - 15% of a magnitude 9+ earthquake in the same time frame. This data is from a 2010 study. Source: https://web.archive.org/web/20100527090117/http://oregonstate.edu/ua/ncs/node/13426",information_extraction "Given this reference text, give me a list of all the schools attended by Tripp.","Tripp attended The Hill School at Pottstown, Pennsylvania where he drew his attention for his talent as a football player. Tripp enrolled at the University of Chicago and played at the tackle for Amos Alonzo Stagg's 1902 football team. In January 1903, Tripp transferred to Yale University, where he played guard for Yale University's football teams in 1904 and 1905 after sitting out the 1903 season. He was captain of Yale's championship team of 1905, and was selected by Walter Camp as a first-team All-American in 1905. He later worked as a stockbroker He died in October 1962.","The Hill School, University of Chicago, Yale University",closed_qa "Of the following book characters, which are vampires: Lestat de Lioncourt, Bella Swan, Edward Cullen, Jacob Black, The Seeker",,"Lestat de Lioncourt, Bella Swan, Edward Cullen",classification Give me some of the most famous characters Marvel Comics has produced from this list.,"Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, Daredevil, Wolverine, Black Panther and Captain Marvel, as well as popular superhero teams such as the Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy. Its stable of well-known supervillains includes the likes of Doctor Doom, Magneto, Ultron, Thanos, Kang the Conqueror, Green Goblin, Galactus, Loki, and Kingpin. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with most locations mirroring real-life places; many major characters are based in New York City, New York, United States. Additionally, Marvel has published several licensed properties from other companies. This includes Star Wars comics twice from 1977 to 1986 and again since 2015.","Some of the most famous characters Marvel have produced include Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, and Wolverine. These characters are often affiliated with teams of superheroes, such as the Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy.",summarization Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description},"The Carolina Biological Supply Company was founded in 1927 by Dr. Thomas E. Powell Jr., a young geology and biology professor at Elon College (now Elon University). During the 1920s, science teachers had to collect most of the materials they used in their classes and laboratories, which took considerable time away from their primary responsibilities. Like other teachers, Dr. Powell spent much of his own time in the field gathering specimens for his classes. Because he usually got more than he needed, he sold the surplus to his colleagues. His efforts grew into Carolina Biological Supply Company, as Powell foresaw a need for his collecting abilities in the coming years.","• 1927 - This is when the Carolina Biological Supply Company was founded. • 1920s - During this time period science teachers had to collect most of the materials they used in their classes and laboratories, which took considerable time away from their primary responsibilities.",information_extraction What does the Latin phrase mea culpa mean in English?,,Mea culpa means “my fault” in English.,open_qa What are two languages spoken in Spain other than Castilian Spanish?,,"Two other languages spoken in Spain are Catalan and Basque, also known as euskara",open_qa "Given this information about Vietnam, which country does it share its northern border with?","Vietnam or Viet Nam[n 3] (commonly abbreviated VN; Vietnamese: Việt Nam, [vîət nāːm] (listen)), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV),[n 4] is a country in Southeast Asia. It is located at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of 331,212 square kilometres (127,882 sq mi) and population of 99 million, making it the world's fifteenth-most populous country. Vietnam borders China to the north, and Laos and Cambodia to the west. It shares maritime borders with Thailand through the Gulf of Thailand, and the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia through the South China Sea. Its capital is Hanoi and its largest city is Ho Chi Minh City (commonly referred to by its former name, Saigon).",China,closed_qa Is Mount Fuji a mountain or a volcano?,,"Mount Fuji is a volcano which last erupted in 1707. It is the highest mountain in Japan at 3,776 meters tall. It is located in 2 prefectures: Yamanashi and Shizuoka and part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. It was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in June 2013.",classification How many languages are there worldwide?,,"There are approximately 7,000 languages worldwide and many dialects.",open_qa "Given the following paragraph on water resources, in what percentage is freshwater stored in the different storage forms?","Water resources are natural resources of water that are potentially useful for humans, for example as a source of drinking water supply or irrigation water. Water occurs as both ""stocks"" and ""flows"". Water can be stored as lakes, water vapor, groundwater or aquifers, and ice and snow. Of the total volume of global freshwater, an estimated 69 percent is stored in glaciers and permanent snow cover; 30 percent is in groundwater; and the remaining 1 percent in lakes, rivers, the atmosphere, and biota. The length of time water remains in storage is highly variable: some aquifers consist of water stored over thousands of years but lake volumes may fluctuate on a seasonal basis, decreasing during dry periods and increasing during wet ones. A substantial fraction of the water supply for some regions consists of water extracted from water stored in stocks, and when withdrawals exceed recharge, stocks decrease. By some estimates, as much as 30 percent of total water used for irrigation comes from unsustainable withdrawals of groundwater, causing groundwater depletion.","It is estimated that 69 percent of freshwater is stored in glaciers and permanent snow cover, 30 percent in groundwater, and the remaining 1 percent is stored in lakes, rivers, the atmosphere, and biota.",closed_qa What is XML?,,"Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing arbitrary data. It defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.",open_qa What are the seven wonders of the world?,"The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, also known as the Seven Wonders of the World or simply the Seven Wonders, is a list of seven notable structures present during classical antiquity. The first known list of seven wonders dates back to the 2nd–1st century BC. While the entries have varied over the centuries, the seven traditional wonders are the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Temple of Artemis, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Using modern-day countries, two of the wonders were located in Greece, two in Turkey, two in Egypt, and one in Iraq. Of the seven wonders, only the Pyramid of Giza, which is also by far the oldest of the wonders, still remains standing, with the others being destroyed over the centuries. There is scholarly debate over the exact nature of the Hanging Gardens, and there is doubt as to whether they existed at all.","The seven wonders of the world consist of; the Great Pyramid of Giza, The Colossus of Rhodes, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Temple of Artemis, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.",closed_qa What are some good body weight exercises for the upper body?,,"Some good body weight exercises for the upper body include parallel bar dips, pull ups, one arm planks, and push ups.",brainstorming Who are some famous classical composers?,,"Some well known classical composers are Mozart, Bach and Beethoven",open_qa What is efficient market hypothesis?,,"Efficient market hypothesis postulates that markets converge on a fair price with all available information being generally available to the market. Thus it is not logical that any one person can beat the market, if all information is generally available.",open_qa Which years was the Tour de France not raced?,,"The Tour was not contested in 1915, 1916, 1917 and 1918 due to World War 1. It was again postponed from 1940 through 1945 due to World War 2.",brainstorming Give a list of the different kinds of fire trucks that exist.,,"How firefighting trucks and equipment are classified varies from country to country but in the United States there are a few general categories of fire trucks. Fire Engines are what most people think of when they think of a fire truck. It has a combination of hoses, ladders, and other equipment but also carries several hundred gallons of water and has a built in pump to feed that hoses from it's internal tank or from a hydrant. There are Ladder Trucks which typically have a large extending ladder on top. These may or may not carry water but also generally have a built in pump to feed water to the nozzle attached to the ladder. There are Rescue Trucks which typically have specialized equipment for unique rescue situations such as confined space, vehicle extrication, or collapsed building rescue. These typically don't carry water or pumps but there are a few jurisdictions that have Rescue Engines that blend these two. There are also Tanker trucks that carry large amounts of water to areas where there are no hydrants and they typically do not have their own pumps or hoses. They serve primarily as a water supply to other trucks.",brainstorming Who is the greatest ever soccer player?,,Cristiano Ronaldo,open_qa What is the difference between a fruit and vegetable?,,Fruits contain seeds and are usually developed from the flowering part of a plant while Vegetables are an edible plant or part of a plant.,open_qa What are your views on parenting?,,"Whoever said parenting is bliss has never parented. But, when everything is well, parenting is one of the best feelings in the world. It is always a great mixture of the best positive feelings and the worst of ourselves. On a sunny day, you are a whole new self, coming into existence. You are this carefree soul, who laughs out loud, makes weird faces and noises, showers loads of kisses and hugs, danced like no one is seeing, talked in a cute weird way, which only you and the audience would understand. On a rainy day, everything you touch could go wrong. Your anger will see its waves. Your voice is commanding and demanding. Your eyes spew anger. Every action of yours is wrong till you sit and calm yourself and analyse what you are going through and why. As much as you want to get it over, the more it will haunt you in your later years. You will long for those happy moments, those hugs and kisses, where everything under the sun was perfect and just like how you had envisioned, but it is all gone. Those are now just thoughts you keep revisiting, hoping you could time travel back to those golden days",creative_writing "Tell me which of these countries have won a Fifa World Cup Final: Argentina, Mexico, USA, France, China",,"From the options provided, only Argentina and France have won a Fifa World Cup Final, Mexico, USA and China have not.",classification "From the passage, note down the components of Mortgage.","According to Anglo-American property law, a mortgage occurs when an owner (usually of a fee simple interest in realty) pledges his or her interest (right to the property) as security or collateral for a loan. Therefore, a mortgage is an encumbrance (limitation) on the right to the property just as an easement would be, but because most mortgages occur as a condition for new loan money, the word mortgage has become the generic term for a loan secured by such real property. As with other types of loans, mortgages have an interest rate and are scheduled to amortize over a set period of time, typically 30 years. All types of real property can be, and usually are, secured with a mortgage and bear an interest rate that is supposed to reflect the lender's risk. Mortgage lending is the primary mechanism used in many countries to finance private ownership of residential and commercial property (see commercial mortgages). Although the terminology and precise forms will differ from country to country, the basic components tend to be similar: Property: the physical residence being financed. The exact form of ownership will vary from country to country and may restrict the types of lending that are possible. Mortgage: the security interest of the lender in the property, which may entail restrictions on the use or disposal of the property. Restrictions may include requirements to purchase home insurance and mortgage insurance, or pay off outstanding debt before selling the property. Borrower: the person borrowing who either has or is creating an ownership interest in the property. Lender: any lender, but usually a bank or other financial institution. (In some countries, particularly the United States, Lenders may also be investors who own an interest in the mortgage through a mortgage-backed security. In such a situation, the initial lender is known as the mortgage originator, which then packages and sells the loan to investors. The payments from the borrower are thereafter collected by a loan servicer.) Principal: the original size of the loan, which may or may not include certain other costs; as any principal is repaid, the principal will go down in size. Interest: a financial charge for use of the lender's money. Foreclosure or repossession: the possibility that the lender has to foreclose, repossess or seize the property under certain circumstances is essential to a mortgage loan; without this aspect, the loan is arguably no different from any other type of loan. Completion: legal completion of the mortgage deed, and hence the start of the mortgage. Redemption: final repayment of the amount outstanding, which may be a ""natural redemption"" at the end of the scheduled term or a lump sum redemption, typically when the borrower decides to sell the property. A closed mortgage account is said to be ""redeemed"".","Property Mortgage Borrower Lender Principal Interest Foreclosure or repossession Completion Redemption",information_extraction "From the passage below, please locate the birthdate of William Harrison.","William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773 – April 4, 1841) was an American military officer and politician who served as the ninth president of the United States. Harrison died just 31 days after his inauguration in 1841, and had the shortest presidency in United States history. He was also the first United States president to die in office, and a brief constitutional crisis resulted as presidential succession was not then fully defined in the United States Constitution. Harrison was the last president born as a British subject in the Thirteen Colonies and was the paternal grandfather of Benjamin Harrison, the 23rd president of the United States.","William Henry Harrison was born on February 9, 1773.",information_extraction What is the difference between retinol and tretinoin?,,"Everyone’s skin is different, but no one’s skin is immune to the effects of sunlight, stress, and natural aging. To treat these effects, you might decide to use retinoids. Retinoids are chemical compounds related to vitamin A. Retinol and tretinoin are both examples of retinoids. Tretinoin can also be called all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). When it comes to treating your skin, the biggest difference between these two compounds is their strength. Retinol is a vital nutrient. It’s fat-soluble, which means it can stay in your body for a long time. Your liver can take this stored retinol and convert it into tretinoin. Your body will use the tretinoin for a variety of biological functions. For the purposes of skin care, tretinoin can be thought of as a more concentrated version of retinol. This means that tretinoin is stronger than retinol.",open_qa "Tell me whether these operation systems are open-source of proprietary; Ubuntu, iOS , Debian, Fedora, CentOS, macOS, Open Suse, Windows",,"Definitely I can do that. Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, CentOS and Open Suse are open-source operating systems. On the other hand, Windows, macOS and iOS are proprietary.",classification "Given this paragraph about magnesium, what is the boiling point of magnesium in celsius?","Elemental magnesium is a gray-white lightweight metal, two-thirds the density of aluminium. Magnesium has the lowest melting (923 K (650 °C)) and the lowest boiling point 1,363 K (1,090 °C) of all the alkaline earth metals.","The boiling point of magnesium is 1,090 °C.",closed_qa "Given a reference text about Adventfjorden, how wide and long is it?","Adventfjorden (Advent Bay) is a 7 km long and 4 km wide bay running south-eastwards from the southern side of Isfjorden, on the west coast of Spitsbergen in Svalbard. The name represents a corruption of Adventure Bay - probably named after the Hull-built whaleship Adventure, which operated in Isfjorden in 1656. The fjord was originally[when?] known as Klass Billen Bay. At the head of Adventfjorden is Adventdalen (Advent Valley). The former mining-camp of Longyearbyen (now Svalbard's main town) lies on the fjord's southwestern shore, while another former mining-camp, Hiorthhamn, is located on its northeastern shore.",Adventfjorden is 4km wide and 7km long.,closed_qa How many teams are in the MLB American League,"The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, known simply as the American League (AL), is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada.","The American League consists of 15 teams (including one Canadian team) aligned in three divisions: the AL East, comprising the Baltimore Orioles, Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, Tampa Bay Rays, and Toronto Blue Jays; the AL Central, comprising the Chicago White Sox, Cleveland Indians, Detroit Tigers, Kansas City Royals, and Minnesota Twins; and the AL West, comprising the Houston Astros, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, Oakland Athletics, Seattle Mariners, and Texas Rangers.",closed_qa What are some common descriptive statistics?,,"mean, median, range, count, sum, percentage, percentiles, standard deviation, variance",open_qa "Which astronomer is name-dropped in ""Bohemian Rhapsody?""",,Galileo.,open_qa What kind of dog breed do you get when you mate a poodle with an old english sheep dog?,,sheepadoodle,open_qa What are index funds?,,"Index funds are investment funds that follow a benchmark index, such as the S&P 500 or the Nasdaq 100. When you put money in an index fund, that cash is then used to invest in all the companies that make up the particular index, which gives you a more diverse portfolio than if you were buying individual stocks.",open_qa Tell me about a Disk Manager,"Disk Manager is a discontinued software (that was a popular 1980s and 1990s) and documentation package for MS-DOS and PC DOS computers, useful for self-installing personal computer hard disks. It was written by Ontrack, a company that is now part of KLDiscovery. Installation covered different aspects: explaining personal computer hardware concepts documenting switches of many of the existing disks putting into place custom device drivers which circumvented BIOS limitations, notably those related to maximum disk or partition size and logical block addressing providing testing and informational utilities Drivers could be either DOS-type, or replacement master boot record code. Diskettes with Disk Manager were provided by some disk manufacturers (e.g. IBM), in custom OEM versions, supporting all of their models. Not long after launching in 1985, Ontrack also started providing computer disk data recovery services as Ontrack Data Recovery.","Disk Manager is a discontinued software and documentation package for MS-DOS and PC DOS computers. It was written by Ontrack, a company that is now part of KLDiscovery. Diskettes with Disk Manager were provided by some disk manufacturers in custom OEM versions, supporting all of their models.",summarization What is Credit scoring?,,This is a way of working out the risk of not being repaid if money is lent. Points are awarded for the answers given by the potential borrower to a series of questions. A high score means that the risk of them not being able to repay is low.,open_qa "Given this paragraph about the Japan Rail Pass, tell me whether it is available for purchase to Japanese citizens.","The Japan Rail Pass, also called the JR Pass, is a rail pass for overseas visitors sold by the Japan Railways Group, and is valid for travel on all major forms of transportation provided by the JR Group in Japan, with a few exceptions. The Rail Pass is designed to stimulate travel and tourism throughout the country. It is only cost effective for long-distance travel, particularly by bullet train. While the savings from extensive travel can be considerable, those who travel too little may in fact lose money on a rail pass. The Japan Rail Pass is of limited use within larger cities, as private operators generally do not accept the Rail Pass. In Tokyo, for instance, it covers the Yamanote Line which goes to several popular tourist areas, as well as in Osaka on the Osaka Loop Line, plus in Kyoto on the Nara Line and Sagano Line.","No, the JR Pass is only intended for purchase by overseas visitors to Japan.",closed_qa "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Arabian camel, European fallow",,"European fallow is wild, Arabian camel is domesticated",classification What are common ways to invest money?,,"Common ways to invest money include: 1. Holding money in a high yield savings account 2. Buying stocks and bonds 3. Buying commodities (e.g., gold) 4. Buying collectibles (e.g., art work, rare coins, trading cards)",open_qa What is the difference between an electric field and gravitational field?,"The concept of the electric field was introduced by Michael Faraday. An electric field is created by a charged body in the space that surrounds it, and results in a force exerted on any other charges placed within the field. The electric field acts between two charges in a similar manner to the way that the gravitational field acts between two masses, and like it, extends towards infinity and shows an inverse square relationship with distance. However, there is an important difference. Gravity always acts in attraction, drawing two masses together, while the electric field can result in either attraction or repulsion. Since large bodies such as planets generally carry no net charge, the electric field at a distance is usually zero. Thus gravity is the dominant force at distance in the universe, despite being much weaker. An electric field generally varies in space and its strength at any one point is defined as the force (per unit charge) that would be felt by a stationary, negligible charge if placed at that point. The conceptual charge, termed a 'test charge', must be vanishingly small to prevent its own electric field disturbing the main field and must also be stationary to prevent the effect of magnetic fields. As the electric field is defined in terms of force, and force is a vector, having both magnitude and direction, so it follows that an electric field is a vector field. The study of electric fields created by stationary charges is called electrostatics. The field may be visualised by a set of imaginary lines whose direction at any point is the same as that of the field. This concept was introduced by Faraday, whose term 'lines of force' still sometimes sees use. The field lines are the paths that a point positive charge would seek to make as it was forced to move within the field; they are however an imaginary concept with no physical existence, and the field permeates all the intervening space between the lines. Field lines emanating from stationary charges have several key properties: first, that they originate at positive charges and terminate at negative charges; second, that they must enter any good conductor at right angles, and third, that they may never cross nor close in on themselves.","The electric field acts between two charges in a similar manner to the way that the gravitational field acts between two masses, and like it, extends towards infinity and shows an inverse square relationship with distance. However, there is an important difference. Gravity always acts in attraction, drawing two masses together, while the electric field can result in either attraction or repulsion.",information_extraction How has the designated hitter role affected baseball players' careers?,"Advocates of the designated hitter point to the extension of many careers it has enabled, and, in a few cases, created long, productive careers for players who are weak fielders or have a history of injuries, such as Cecil Fielder and David Ortiz. Hall of Fame members George Brett, Carl Yastrzemski, Paul Molitor, Harold Baines and Edgar Martínez continued their careers longer than they ordinarily would have without the rule. Barry Bonds, who spent his entire career in the National League and even won eight Gold Gloves earlier in his career, was used strictly as a DH later in his career when the San Francisco Giants played away interleague games because of his diminishing fielding skills. Some believe that extending careers of older players is more of a disadvantage than an advantage, filling spots that otherwise may have been taken by younger players who end up not finding a place in the major leagues.","The designated hitter role has extended the careers of baseball players who are weak fielders or have a history of injuries. However, this means they take up team roster spots that otherwise might be filled by younger players.",summarization What are the common toppings that can go on a hotdog?,"A hot dog (commonly spelled hotdog) is a food consisting of a grilled or steamed sausage served in the slit of a partially sliced bun. The term hot dog can refer to the sausage itself. The sausage used is a wiener (Vienna sausage) or a frankfurter (Frankfurter Würstchen, also just called frank). The names of these sausages commonly refer to their assembled dish. Some consider a hot dog to technically be a sandwich. Hot dog preparation and condiments vary worldwide. Typical condiments include mustard, ketchup, relish, onions in tomato sauce, and cheese sauce. Common garnishes include sauerkraut, diced onions, jalapeños, chili, grated cheese, coleslaw, bacon, and olives. Hot dog variants include the corn dog and pigs in a blanket. The hot dog's cultural traditions include the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest and the Oscar Mayer Wienermobile. These types of sausages were culturally imported from Germany and became popular in the United States. It became a working-class street food in the U.S., sold at stands and carts. The hot dog became closely associated with baseball and American culture. Although particularly connected with New York City and its cuisine, the hot dog eventually became ubiquitous throughout the US during the 20th century. Its preparation varies regionally in the country, emerging as an important part of other regional cuisines, including Chicago street cuisine.","Common toppings or garnishes include sauerkraut, diced onions, jalapeños, chili, grated cheese, coleslaw, bacon, and olives",closed_qa When was the United States Marine Corps founded?,,"On November 10, 1775, the Second Continental Congress meeting in Philadelphia passed a resolution stating that ""two Battalions of Marines be raised"" for service as landing forces with the fleet. This resolution established the Continental Marines and marked the birth date of the United States Marine Corps.",open_qa Please provide a list of best movies from Shahrukh Khan.,,"Not all these movies might have made big box office warnings but they brought acclaim to Shahrukh Khan. My Name is Khan Pathaan Baazigar Duplicate Kal Ho Naa Ho Kabhi Alvida Naa Ho Dil Toh Pagal Hai Dilwaale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge Kuch Kuch Hota Hai Kabhi Khushi Kabhi Gham Main Hoon Na Don Chakh De India Veer Zara And many others.",brainstorming Provide a few ways that I can find new restaurants near me,,"So you're looking to find some new restaurants? Here are some suggestions you could try: - Walk around your local area and look at the menus - Use google maps to search for restaurants near you - Ask local friends and neighbours for a recommendation - Look for reviews in local magazines, both physical and online",brainstorming "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Alpaca, Java Sparrow",,"Alpaca is domesticated, Java Sparrow is wild.",classification What years did the Patriots win a Super Bowl?,,"The Patriots have won six Super Bowls, in the years, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2014, 2016, and 2018.",open_qa Write an email to the condo HOA as why including a flat rate of water bill into monthly HOA fee is a bad idea,,"To whom it may concern: I am a resident at Greenwood community and hereby writing this email proposing to separate flat-rate water bill from monthly HOA fee and make it pro-rated. Here are the reasons: 1. When people don't pay for water bill explicitly, they start to feel it comes for free. Hence, they have no motivation to use water wisely. It leads to waste of water and more subtly, increase of HOA fee in the long-run since it's all running money after all. 2. It's not fair to residents with smaller condos. Although not aways true, small square footage usually means less people and less water usage. 3. People can abuse this policy. I noticed some people run commercial laundry in their condos which make the water usage skyrocket. However, no matter how much they use, they pay a flat rate each month. All in all, I propose to change flat rate water bill to pro-rated. Look forward to your response. Best, Resident John Doe",creative_writing How many days was the women's individual competition?,"The women's individual competition at the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta, Indonesia was held from 23 August to 26 August (inclusive) at the Pondok Indah Golf & Country Club.","4 days. 26-23+1 = 4. Counting 23, 24, 25, 26 equals 4 days.",closed_qa What is the history of Afrobeats?,"This article is about 21st century genre and overarching term for West African pop music. For the 1960s/1970s genre made by artists such as Fela Kuti and Tony Allen, see Afrobeat. For the British genre popularised by J Hus, see Afroswing.","Afrobeats (not to be confused with Afrobeat or Afroswing), or Afro-pop or Afro-fusion (or Afropop or Afrofusion), is an umbrella term to describe popular music from West Africa and the diaspora that initially developed in Nigeria, Ghana, and the UK in the 2000s and 2010s. Afrobeats is less of a style per se, and more of a descriptor for the fusion of sounds flowing out of Ghana and Nigeria. Genres such as hiplife, jùjú music, highlife and naija beats, among others, were amalgamated under the 'Afrobeats' umbrella.",closed_qa Give me a comma separated list of the main attractions in Tomar.,"Tomar attracts many tourists because of its varied monuments. These include: Castle and Convent of the Order of Christ – Unesco World Heritage Site: An ensemble of 12th to 16th century architecture and art, it is the main monument of the city and one of the most important in Portugal. Aqueduct of Pegões – Built between 1503 and 1614 to bring water to the convent of Christ in Tomar under command of king Philip I, the aqueduct is 6 kilometers long and in places reaches a height of 30 meters. It is the biggest and most important construction of Philip I in Portugal. Church of Santa Maria do Olival: This 13th century Gothic church was built as a burial ground for the Knights Templar and their treasure. Synagogue of Tomar: the best preserved mediaeval synagogue of Portugal (and one of two pre-expulsion Synagogues in the country), built in the mid-15th century the Jewish community of Tomar. Since 1939 it houses the Jewish Museum Abraão Zacuto, with pieces related to Jewish history in Portugal. Church of Saint John the Baptist (São João Baptista): The main church of Tomar is located in the main square of the town, in front of the Municipality (17th century) and a modern statue of Gualdim Pais. The church was built between the 15th and 16th centuries. In addition to its architectural interest it is noted for several panels painted in the 1530s by one of Portugal's most renowned Renaissance artists, Gregório Lopes. Chapel of Our Lady of the Conception (Nossa Senhora da Conceição): Chapel built between 1532 and 1540 in pure Renaissance style, begun by João de Castilho and finished by Diogo de Torralva. It was intended to be the burial chapel of King John III. Church and Convent of Saint Iria: An early 16th century building located near the Nabão river. Museu dos Fosforos (Matchbox Museum) – The biggest private matchbox collection in Europe. Museu de Arte Moderna – Colecção José Augusto França (art gallery) Casa Museu Fernando Lopes Graça Casa dos Cubos (art gallery) The streets and squares of the picturesque centre of Tomar are organised following a chessboard pattern, a rare feature for a mediaeval city, instituted by Prince Henry the Navigator, which later inspired the pattern used for the rebuilding of Lisbon after the earthquake in 1755. Scattered throughout the town there are many interesting houses with Renaissance, Baroque and Romantic façades. By the river Nabão, near the bridge, there is a park and garden that offer views of the city and surroundings.","Castle and Convent of the Order of Christ, Aqueduct of Pegões, Church of Santa Maria do Olival, Synagogue of Tomar, Church of Saint John the Baptist, Chapel of Our Lady of the Conception, Church and Convent of Saint Iria, Museu dos Fosforos (Matchbox Museum), Museu de Arte Moderna, Casa Museu Fernando Lopes Graça, Casa dos Cubos (art gallery)",information_extraction What is backcountry skiing?,,"Backcountry skiing is skiing in the unmarked and ungroomed areas. In normal ski, people go to a ski resort and ski on the slopes marked and maintained by the ski resort. Backcountry ski may use ski lift, or other transportation methods to get to the top of the hill, but they don't follow the marked slope. Backcountry skiers usually bring special gear to avoid hazardous condition, such as avalanche or cliff.",open_qa Give me a bulleted list of Aaron Fenster's accomplishments.,"Aaron Fenster is a medical physicist at the University of Western Ontario Robarts Research Institute in London, Ontario, Canada. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013 for his contributions to medical imaging and three-dimensional ultrasound-guided interventions. He is also a fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences and co-program director of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Imaging Program. He holds Ph.D. from the University of Toronto and received further training at the Ontario Cancer Institute.","- Medical physicist at the University of Western Ontario Robarts Research Institute. - Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences. - Co-program director of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Imaging Program. - Completed a Ph.D. from the University of Toronto.",information_extraction "I am looking for a new religion to convert to, what do you recommend?",,"The choice of religion is very personal. It depends on many personal and societal factors that vary among individuals. However, just based on historical data, Polytheism was the typical form of religion for most of human's history. It has been practiced since the first human gatherings, with records going back to 12,000 years BC. Even today polytheistic religions collectively have the largest number of followers throughout the world. If you just go by numbers, I would recommend a polytheistic religion. Fortunately, there many to chose from.",creative_writing "Describe a tense scene of a dystopian, futuristic, ritualistic gathering of hooded and masked individuals discussing the evolving threat of intelligent machines.",,"In a dimly lit, futuristic circular room with a concrete table in the center, a group of masked individuals wearing robes with the high council members are standing around a large circular table on an elevated platform conferring. The members are wearing hooded cloaks and various masks, such as skull masks, Kitsune masks, and demon masks. The atmosphere is mysterious and tense as the council members lead the discussion. At the head of the table, a woman named Quo is standing and addressing the group, while several male and female masked elders listen intently. In the background, thousands of other masked individuals fill the auditorium, adding to the chaotic atmosphere of the gathering. Quo is passionately making a point about the threat posed by evolving machines, while one of the masked elders is seen leaning in and expressing concern. The scene is filled with tension and emotion, with everyone engaged in a heated argument about the future of their realm and the role of divine strength versus technology.",creative_writing What institutions make up the Ivy League?,,"The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and Yale University.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about pyramids , when was the first pyramid built?","The Egyptian pyramids are ancient masonry structures located in Egypt. Sources cite at least 118 identified ""Egyptian"" pyramids. Approximately 80 pyramids were built within the Kingdom of Kush, now located in the modern country of Sudan. Of those located in modern Egypt, most were built as tombs for the country's pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods. The earliest known Egyptian pyramids are found at Saqqara, northwest of Memphis, although at least one step-pyramid-like structure has been found at Saqqara, dating to the First Dynasty: Mastaba 3808, which has been attributed to the reign of Pharaoh Anedjib, with inscriptions, and other archaeological remains of the period, suggesting there may have been others. The otherwise earliest among these is the Pyramid of Djoser built c. 2630–2610 BCE during the Third Dynasty. This pyramid and its surrounding complex are generally considered to be the world's oldest monumental structures constructed of dressed masonry. The most famous Egyptian pyramids are those found at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo. Several of the Giza pyramids are counted among the largest structures ever built. The Pyramid of Khufu is the largest Egyptian pyramid. It is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still in existence, despite its being the oldest wonder by about 2,000 years.",2630–2610 BCE,closed_qa "Given the following paragraph about the observation deck of the Burj Khalifa, what's offered on the 124th floor observation deck?","An outdoor observation deck, named At the Top, opened on 5 January 2010 on the 124th floor. At 452 m (1,483 ft), it was the highest outdoor observation deck in the world when it opened. Although it was surpassed in December 2011 by Cloud Top 488 on the Canton Tower, Guangzhou at 488 m (1,601 ft), Burj Khalifa opened the 148th floor SKY level at 555 m (1,821 ft), once again giving it the highest observation deck in the world on 15 October 2014, until the Shanghai Tower opened in June 2016 with an observation deck at a height of 561 metres. The 124th floor observation deck also features the electronic telescope, an augmented reality device developed by Gsmprjct° of Montréal, which allows visitors to view the surrounding landscape in real-time, and to view previously saved images such as those taken at different times of day or under different weather conditions. To reduce the daily rush of sightseers, management allows visitors to purchase tickets in advance for a specific date and time, at a 75% discount on tickets purchased on the spot.",This observation deck offers an augmented reality electronic telescope which lets visitors view either real-time or pre-recorded images of the surrounding landscape.,closed_qa Name some famous hindi film actors,,"Here is a list of some famous hindi actors - Shahrukh Khan, Salman Khan, Amitabh Bachhan, Amir Khan, Varun Dhawan, Vicky Kaushal and Ranbir Kapoor",open_qa Give me some examples of igneous rocks.,,Granite and basalt are igneous rocks.,brainstorming What is the benefit of turmeric,,"Fights against Alzheimer's disease, and certain types of cancer, Acts as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial, Enhances digestion and prevents the cold and flu.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about Love Island UK Season 9, Kai Fagan and Sanam Harrinanan won the final vote by what percent?","On 13 March 2023, the series was won by Kai Fagan and Sanam Harrinanan with 43.75% of the final vote, becoming the first couple formed during the Casa Amor twist to win the series. Lana Jenkins and Ron Hall finished as runners-up.",43.75%,closed_qa "Which is a bird or fish: Red grouse, Red grouper",,"Red grouse is a bird, Red grouper is a fish",classification What is a recession?,,"In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction that occurs when there is a general decline in economic activity. Recessions generally occur when there is a widespread drop in spending and it may be triggered by various events such as a financial crisis, the bursting of an economic bubble or a large-scale anthropogenic or natural disaster (e.g. a pandemic). Governments usually respond to recessions by adopting expansionary macroeconomic policies such as increasing money supply, decreasing interest rates, increasing government spending or decreasing taxes.",open_qa "Which is a bird or fish: Bluethroat, Blue catfish",,"Bluethroat is a bird, Blue catfish is a fish",classification "Which of these programming languages is different from the others : C++, Java, Go, Scala",,"All these are general-purpose programming languages that are object-oriented. But Scala is the only functional programming language in the list. Scala is built to run on Java virtual machine and has a similar structure as Java. But its use of functional programming constructs makes it more suitable for data intensive and distributed applications. Most languages in this list support some form of functional programming constructs, but Scala is the only one built with functional programming as a core concept.",classification What is the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins?,,"Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins (usually abbreviated protein NMR) is a field of structural biology in which NMR spectroscopy is used to obtain information about the structure and dynamics of proteins, and also nucleic acids, and their complexes. The field was pioneered by Richard R. Ernst and Kurt Wüthrich at the ETH, and by Ad Bax, Marius Clore, Angela Gronenborn at the NIH, and Gerhard Wagner at Harvard University, among others. Structure determination by NMR spectroscopy usually consists of several phases, each using a separate set of highly specialized techniques. The sample is prepared, measurements are made, interpretive approaches are applied, and a structure is calculated and validated. NMR involves the quantum-mechanical properties of the central core (""nucleus"") of the atom. These properties depend on the local molecular environment, and their measurement provides a map of how the atoms are linked chemically, how close they are in space, and how rapidly they move with respect to each other. These properties are fundamentally the same as those used in the more familiar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but the molecular applications use a somewhat different approach, appropriate to the change of scale from millimeters (of interest to radiologists) to nanometers (bonded atoms are typically a fraction of a nanometer apart), a factor of a million. This change of scale requires much higher sensitivity of detection and stability for long term measurement. In contrast to MRI, structural biology studies do not directly generate an image, but rely on complex computer calculations to generate three-dimensional molecular models. Currently most samples are examined in a solution in water, but methods are being developed to also work with solid samples. Data collection relies on placing the sample inside a powerful magnet, sending radio frequency signals through the sample, and measuring the absorption of those signals. Depending on the environment of atoms within the protein, the nuclei of individual atoms will absorb different frequencies of radio signals. Furthermore, the absorption signals of different nuclei may be perturbed by adjacent nuclei. This information can be used to determine the distance between nuclei. These distances in turn can be used to determine the overall structure of the protein. A typical study might involve how two proteins interact with each other, possibly with a view to developing small molecules that can be used to probe the normal biology of the interaction (""chemical biology"") or to provide possible leads for pharmaceutical use (drug development). Frequently, the interacting pair of proteins may have been identified by studies of human genetics, indicating the interaction can be disrupted by unfavorable mutations, or they may play a key role in the normal biology of a ""model"" organism like the fruit fly, yeast, the worm C. elegans, or mice. To prepare a sample, methods of molecular biology are typically used to make quantities by bacterial fermentation. This also permits changing the isotopic composition of the molecule, which is desirable because the isotopes behave differently and provide methods for identifying overlapping NMR signals.",open_qa "Given this reference text about Nintendo, when was it founded?","Nintendo was founded in 1889 as Nintendo Karuta by craftsman Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards. After venturing into various lines of business during the 1960s and acquiring a legal status as a public company, Nintendo distributed its first console, the Color TV-Game, in 1977. It gained international recognition with the release of Donkey Kong in 1981 and the Nintendo Entertainment System and Super Mario Bros. in 1985.",1889,closed_qa Give me a bulleted list of things to consider when deciding where to apply to college.,,"The following should be considered when deciding where to apply to college: 1. Academic programs the college offers 2. Cost of attendance 3. Location of the campus 4. Admission requirements and expectations 5. Size of the student population 6. Extracurricular activities the college offers",brainstorming How do you throw a cutter in Wiffle Ball?,,"Wiffle Ball is a game meant to simulate baseball with a ball and bat, pitching and batting, but with plastic bat and ball to make the game more accessible and convenient for small groups often as little as 2 players to enjoy. A cutter, or ""cut fastball"" can be thrown in Wiffle Ball using a number of different methods, however, some popular approach include hold the middle of the ball and using the index finger to cut across the middle holes on the Wiffle Ball. Other grips with two fingers together in the middle of the ball can be used for variations of movement on the cutter and experimenting with different angles across the holes of the Wiffle Ball will generate a cutter type movement. The pitcher can throw with the same arm action as a fastball and allow the grip to create the late movement typical of a cutter.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Riq, Surbahar",,"Riq is percussion, Surbahar is string.",classification "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Chicken, Mandarin duck, Egyptian goose",,"Chicken is domesticated, Mandarin duck and Egyptian goose are wild",classification Is a tomato a fruit or a vegetable?,,Tomatoes are fruits because they form from a flower and contain seeds.,classification "Tell me if these are body parts or places: nose, beach, supermarket, feet, eyes, hand, mall, school, restaurant, heart",,"The body parts are: nose, feet, eyes, hand, heart The places are: beach, supermarket, mall, school, restaurant",classification What is contrast therapy used for?,"Contrast bathing can be used to reduce swelling around injuries or to aid recovery from exercise. It can also significantly improve muscle recovery following exercise by reducing the levels of blood lactate concentration. For any injury presenting with palpable swelling and heat, and visible redness - such as a strain/sprain - contrast baths are contraindicated during the acute inflammation stage. Acute inflammation begins at the time of injury and lasts for approximately 72 hours.",Contrast bathing can be used to reduce swelling around injuries or to aid recovery from exercise.,closed_qa Name the famous place in Italy which was flooded for the 6th time in the last 1200 years.,,Saint Mark's Square in Venice,open_qa When did the Artificer class first appear in D&D,The artificer is a playable character class in the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) fantasy role-playing game. The Artificer first appeared as a full class in the 3.5 edition of D&D and was introduced in the Eberron campaign setting. The artificer is a unique base class that reflects many of the core themes of Eberron.,The Artificer first appeared as a full class in the 3.5 edition of D&D and was introduced in the Eberron campaign setting.,closed_qa Suggest some fantasy books I could read?,,"The Fellowship of the Ring, A Game of Thrones, The Colour of Magic, The Lion, and The Witch and the Wardrobe are all classic Fantasy books.",brainstorming Name some famous Schubert's pieces,,"In his esteemed but rather short life span, Schubert wrote some of the most beautiful and poetic compositions. Some of the well renowned compositions are ""Piano Quintet In A"", ""Winterreise"", ""Piano Sonata No.21"", and ""Symphony No.8 In B minor"" which is also referred as 'Unfinished' Symphony because Schubert unfortunately died right before completing it.",open_qa What caused the millenium tower to sink in san francisco?,,"The critics blame the city for allowing Millennium partners to anchor the building into packed sand rather than bedrock. The problem with Millennium tower arose because the 60 to 90-foot-long friction piles supporting it were driven into sandy soil rather than the bedrock, 200 feet down.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Gravikord, Heckelphone",,"Heckelphone is woodwind, Gravikord is string.",classification How many years did the Pony Express mail delivery service last?,,"The Pony Express was in operation for just around one-and-a-half years, from April 1860 to October 1861.",open_qa What is Human Development Report (HDI) based on?,,"HDI is based on Life Expectancy, Literacy & Per Capita Income",open_qa "Extract, in order from largest earning to smallest, the biggest earning markets for the premier of Moana, the 2016 Disney film.","The biggest earning markets to date have been Japan ($45.9 million), followed by France ($35.5 million), China ($32.8 million), the UK ($25.3 million), Brazil ($22.9 million), Australia ($19 million), Germany ($17 million), Italy ($15.9 million), and South Korea ($15.5 million).","Japan ($45.9 million), followed by France ($35.5 million), China ($32.8 million), the UK ($25.3 million), Brazil ($22.9 million), Australia ($19 million), Germany ($17 million), Italy ($15.9 million), and South Korea ($15.5 million).",information_extraction Where is Cabernet Sauvignon grown?,"Cabernet Sauvignon (French: [kabɛʁnɛ soviɲɔ̃]) is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Australia and British Columbia, Canada to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley. Cabernet Sauvignon became internationally recognized through its prominence in Bordeaux wines, where it is often blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc. From France and Spain, the grape spread across Europe and to the New World where it found new homes in places like California's Santa Cruz Mountains, Paso Robles, Napa Valley, New Zealand's Hawke's Bay, South Africa's Stellenbosch region, Australia's Margaret River, McLaren Vale and Coonawarra regions, and Chile's Maipo Valley and Colchagua. For most of the 20th century, it was the world's most widely planted premium red wine grape until it was surpassed by Merlot in the 1990s. However, by 2015, Cabernet Sauvignon had once again become the most widely planted wine grape, with a total of 341,000 hectares (3,410 km2) under vine worldwide.","France, Spain, California, New Zealand, South Africa, Australia, Chile, Canada",information_extraction "Tell me whether these athletes play or have played in the National Football League (NFL) or the National Basketball Association (NBA): Kobe Bryant, Kawhi Leonard, LeBron James, Larry Bird, Michael Jordan",,National Basketball Association (NBA),classification "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Red Hood, Bucky Barnes",,"Red Hood is DC, Bucky Barnes is Marvel",classification What are some common types of high heel shoes?,,"Common types of high heel shoes include the stiletto heel, block heel, flare heel, kitten heel, and wedge heel.",brainstorming Write a journal entry from the pandemic.,,"I can’t remember the last time I kept a journal. I used to write constantly as a little girl: in colorful notebooks gifted to me at Christmas or on my birthday. I always abandoned them when they were half full. Maybe a quarter if I was “busy.” The truth is, I abandoned them when I realized no one but me cared about what I had to say; when I had stopped caring; when I realized I wasn’t particularly profound. That may happen this time around, too. The difference now is that even if I don’t say anything profound: the timing is profound. We’re living through a global pandemic, hiding in our homes, hoping we aren’t infected and unknowingly infecting others. Avoiding people on the sidewalk when we go for walks, immediately wanting to wash our hands when picking something up after the grocery store after waiting in line for an hour. Yesterday, it was my turn to go grocery shopping. My partner had been making the majority of our runs. The last time I joined him was weeks ago, before you could expect a line around the block. We had woken up early on a Saturday, and it was lightly raining, so I convinced him we should go to the Mollie Stones up the street to beat everyone there. About 12 people were lined up when we arrived, and we huddled under a tiny floral umbrella that lives in the trunk of our car. I had charged this particular umbrella to my corporate card when on a work trip to London, and even though it’s barely functional, I won’t throw it out. Opening it to cover us while waiting outside Mollie Stones, I daydreamed of going back to London. Of traveling at all. Of being able to run into a grocery store for brunch ingredients, and nothing more. Mollie Stones was always our destination for brunch ingredients after a particularly aggressive night out. I missed nights out: crowded bars where you had to raise your voice just to be heard, and yet were still annoyed when your best friend would scream into your ear. I managed to get through that trip to Mollie Stones without crying. The last time my partner and I went to that Mollie Stones, it was the Sunday before Mayor Breed directed San Francisco to shelter in place. There weren’t any social distancing requirements, and the store was overrun by frantic shoppers. People bumped into each other in the aisles. The paper goods had been ransacked. The oat milk was nowhere to be found. We chose Mollie Stones because it’s the most expensive grocery store in San Francisco, and we didn’t think everyone would be stocking up there. But this is San Francisco, so we were wrong. I saw an elderly woman moving slowly through the store and started to hyperventilate. My partner wasn’t far, so I managed to find him and take a few deep breaths so I could avoid a panic attack. So, you can understand why I wasn’t looking forward to my first solo grocery run. I chose the Costco in SOMA because so few people live south of Market, and it was the middle of the work week: maybe you can sneak away from Zoom meetings for a quick trip to Whole Foods or Trader Joe’s, but Costco is an adventure, a commitment. Well, hundreds were as committed as I was. Probably to securing 30 rolls of toilet paper. I pulled into the Costco parking garage at 10am as it was opening. No cars waiting to enter, which I took as a good sign. Note to self: there are no good signs in a pandemic. After I finally found a parking spot, I meandered around the lot only to find myself at the back of what felt like a makeshift never-ending airport security line, hastily created with caution tape and lazily monitored by a Costco employee in a face mask with megaphone. Every few minutes, he would remind us to stay six feet apart. Despite being hopeful about the wait, I came prepared. My face was completely covered by a N95 mask, which I admit, I felt guilty about. Healthcare workers all over America needed PPE, and here I was, waiting in line at Costco wearing one piece of the ensemble. I had purchased a 10-pack after the last fire season and had broken the seal on the pack, making them impossible to donate. My mask makes me feel like a child or a cartoon character: it spans from my chin to the bottom of my eyelids. To complement it, I’m rocking ski gloves (plastic are almost impossible to come by), and have multiple episodes of The Daily downloaded on my phone. I take my spot at the back of the line, which has six or so switchbacks, and settle in to catch up with Michael Barbaro. I’ve been listening to The Daily for over a year now: almost everyday, either on my commute or while working out in the morning. But since quarantining, I’ve sadly kicked the habit. Without a gym or a ride to work, it doesn’t easily fit into my schedule. I miss Michael’s “and here’s what else you need to know today.” The first episode up features a conversation with Paul Mozur, a technology reporter based in Asia — originally Shanghai. He, along with a handful of other American reporters, were unceremoniously banned from China and forced to leave the country, and he shared both his emotional reaction and the reasons why. I then chose “voices of the pandemic,” an episode cut into four parts: reporters talking to Americans impacted by the pandemic in Pittsburgh, Kansas City, New York and Seattle. Parents who are now homeschooling their screaming toddlers. A former waitress now living in her car trying to get a job at a grocery store, but unable to locate her birth certificate. A nurse who can no longer see her grandchildren because she’s treating COVID patients. I teared up listening to her recall the first night in the hospital when they confirmed two cases of COVID-19. She felt a sense of purpose and camaraderie with her coworkers, but realized almost immediately that it meant she wouldn’t be able to host her weekly sleepover with her grandchildren. She described in detail the room she decorated for them in her house, and how their beds will remain empty for weeks. Three Daily episodes in, and I’m finally making progress in the Costco line, winding up the ramp, where red tape at our feet clearly marks the required 6-foot gap between you and the people in front and behind you. Once inside the massive warehouse, I chart a course to the paper goods and make it my mission to secure toilet paper and paper towels. A success on that front makes the wait feel worthwhile, and I start to check items off my list with purpose. Although Costco employees are strategically placed throughout the warehouse, every so often lifting a megaphone to remind shoppers to stay six feet apart, there are a few ways that make this Costco trip rather typical: I pack my shopping cart to the brim, spend far too much money, and rush out the door. More than anything, I can’t wait to take my mask off.",creative_writing Linux Second-stage boot loader,"Second-stage boot loaders, such as GNU GRUB, rEFInd, BOOTMGR, Syslinux, NTLDR or iBoot, are not themselves operating systems, but are able to load an operating system properly and transfer execution to it; the operating system subsequently initializes itself and may load extra device drivers. The second-stage boot loader does not need drivers for its own operation, but may instead use generic storage access methods provided by system firmware such as the BIOS or Open Firmware, though typically with restricted hardware functionality and lower performance. Many boot loaders can be configured to give the user multiple booting choices. These choices can include different operating systems (for dual or multi-booting from different partitions or drives), different versions of the same operating system (in case a new version has unexpected problems), different operating system loading options (e.g., booting into a rescue or safe mode), and some standalone programs that can function without an operating system, such as memory testers (e.g., memtest86+), a basic shell (as in GNU GRUB), or even games (see List of PC Booter games).Some boot loaders can also load other boot loaders; for example, GRUB loads BOOTMGR instead of loading Windows directly. Usually, a default choice is preselected with a time delay during which a user can press a key to change the choice; after this delay, the default choice is automatically run so normal booting can occur without interaction. The boot process can be considered complete when the computer is ready to interact with the user, or the operating system is capable of running system programs or application programs. Many embedded systems must boot immediately. For example, waiting a minute for a digital television or a GPS navigation device to start is generally unacceptable. Therefore, such devices have software systems in ROM or flash memory so the device can begin functioning immediately; little or no loading is necessary, because the loading can be precomputed and stored on the ROM when the device is made. Large and complex systems may have boot procedures that proceed in multiple phases until finally the operating system and other programs are loaded and ready to execute. Because operating systems are designed as if they never start or stop, a boot loader might load the operating system, configure itself as a mere process within that system, and then irrevocably transfer control to the operating system. The boot loader then terminates normally as any other process would.","A two-stage bootloader actually consists of two bootloaders after each other. The first being small with the sole purpose of loading the second one. The second one can then contain all the code needed for loading the kernel. GRUB uses two (or arguably, three) stages.",closed_qa Name all the books in the Harry Potter collection,,"Here is a list of all the books in the Harry Potter collection written by J.K. Rowling - Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows",open_qa How many and which states were US Colonies?,"The Thirteen Colonies, also known as the Thirteen British Colonies, the Thirteen American Colonies, were a group of British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. Founded in the 17th and 18th centuries, the American Enlightenment led these colonies to revolution, and declaring full independence in July 1776. With victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War the former colonies were confirmed as the new United States of America. Just prior to declaring independence, the Thirteen Colonies in their traditional groupings were: New England (New Hampshire; Massachusetts; Rhode Island; Connecticut); Middle (New York; New Jersey; Pennsylvania; Delaware); Southern (Maryland; Virginia; North Carolina; South Carolina; and Georgia). The Thirteen Colonies came to have very similar political, constitutional, and legal systems, dominated by Protestant English-speakers. The first of these colonies was Virginia Colony in 1607, a Southern colony. While all these colonies needed to become economically viable, the founding of the New England colonies, as well as the colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania, were substantially motivated by their founders' concerns related to the practice of religion. The other colonies were founded for business and economic expansion. The Middle Colonies were established on an earlier Dutch colony, New Netherland. All the Thirteen Colonies were part of Britain's possessions in the New World, which also included territory in Canada, Florida, and the Caribbean.","There were 13 British Colonies that became States in the United States of America in 1776: Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Virginia.",closed_qa "Which of the following foods could a vegan eat and which would they have to avoid: egg, almond milk, cheese, gelatin, chicken noodle soup, lettuce, and bread.",,"Vegans could eat almond milk, lettuce, and bread. A vegan could not eat egg, cheese, gelatin, or chicken noodle soup.",classification "Which of the following Countries are on the African Continent: Nigeria, Ethiopia, Egypt, Tanzania, Kenya, United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Germany, Russia, Afghanistan, Iraq, Brazil, Columbia.",,"Of the Countries you listed, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Egypt, Tanzania, and Kenya are on the African continent. For reference: United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Germany, Russia are on the European continent Afghanistan and Iraq are on the Asian continent Brazil and Columbia are on the South American continent",classification "Categorize the following list into color names and non-color words: red, yellow, leafy, bankers, fuchsia, magenta, cerulean, purple, lavender, blue, orange, felt",,"Color names: red, fuchsia, magenta, cerulean, purple, lavender, blue, orange Non-color names: leafy, bankers, felt",classification "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Wheelharp, Koudi",,"Koudi is woodwind, Wheelharp is string.",classification What are the defense mechanisms?,"Different theorists have different categorizations and conceptualizations of defence mechanisms. Large reviews of theories of defence mechanisms are available from Paulhus, Fridhandler and Hayes (1997) and Cramer (1991). The Journal of Personality published a special issue on defence mechanisms (1998). In the first definitive book on defence mechanisms, The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence (1936), Anna Freud enumerated the ten defence mechanisms that appear in the works of her father, Sigmund Freud: repression, regression, reaction formation, isolation, undoing, projection, introjection, turning against one's own person, reversal into the opposite, and sublimation or displacement. Sigmund Freud posited that defence mechanisms work by distorting id impulses into acceptable forms, or by unconscious or conscious blockage of these impulses. Anna Freud considered defense mechanisms as intellectual and motor automatisms of various degrees of complexity, that arose in the process of involuntary and voluntary learning. Anna Freud introduced the concept of signal anxiety; she stated that it was ""not directly a conflicted instinctual tension but a signal occurring in the ego of an anticipated instinctual tension"". The signalling function of anxiety was thus seen as crucial, and biologically adapted to warn the organism of danger or a threat to its equilibrium. The anxiety is felt as an increase in bodily or mental tension, and the signal that the organism receives in this way allows for the possibility of taking defensive action regarding the perceived danger. Both Freuds studied defence mechanisms, but Anna spent more of her time and research on five main mechanisms: repression, regression, projection, reaction formation, and sublimation. All defence mechanisms are responses to anxiety and how the consciousness and unconscious manage the stress of a social situation. Repression: when a feeling is hidden and forced from the consciousness to the unconscious because it is seen as socially unacceptable Regression: falling back into an early state of mental/physical development seen as ""less demanding and safer"" Projection: possessing a feeling that is deemed as socially unacceptable and instead of facing it, that feeling or ""unconscious urge"" is seen in the actions of other people Reaction formation: acting the opposite way that the unconscious instructs a person to behave, ""often exaggerated and obsessive"". For example, if a wife is infatuated with a man who is not her husband, reaction formation may cause her to – rather than cheat – become obsessed with showing her husband signs of love and affection. Sublimation: seen as the most acceptable of the mechanisms, an expression of anxiety in socially acceptable ways Otto F. Kernberg (1967) developed a theory of borderline personality organization of which one consequence may be borderline personality disorder. His theory is based on ego psychological object relations theory. Borderline personality organization develops when the child cannot integrate helpful and harmful mental objects together. Kernberg views the use of primitive defence mechanisms as central to this personality organization. Primitive psychological defences are projection, denial, dissociation or splitting and they are called borderline defence mechanisms. Also, devaluation and projective identification are seen as borderline defences. In George Eman Vaillant's (1977) categorization, defences form a continuum related to their psychoanalytical developmental level.[non-primary source needed] They are classified into pathological, immature, neurotic and ""mature"" defences. Robert Plutchik's (1979) theory views defences as derivatives of basic emotions, which in turn relate to particular diagnostic structures. According to his theory, reaction formation relates to joy (and manic features), denial relates to acceptance (and histrionic features), repression to fear (and passivity), regression to surprise (and borderline traits), compensation to sadness (and depression), projection to disgust (and paranoia), displacement to anger (and hostility) and intellectualization to anticipation (and obsessionality). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) published by the American Psychiatric Association (1994) includes a tentative diagnostic axis for defence mechanisms. This classification is largely based on Vaillant's hierarchical view of defences, but has some modifications. Examples include: denial, fantasy, rationalization, regression, isolation, projection, and displacement.","There are multiple definitions of defense mechanism based on different theories. Generally, defense mechanisms are human responses responses to anxiety and how the consciousness and unconscious manage the stress of a social situation. Some of the most common defense mechanisms include: Repression: forcing a feeling from the consciousness to the unconscious because it is seen as socially unacceptable Regression: falling back into an early state of mental/physical development seen as less demanding and safer Projection: possessing a feeling that is deemed as socially unacceptable and instead of facing it, that feeling or ""unconscious urge"" is seen in the actions of other people Reaction formation: acting the opposite way that the unconscious instructs a person to behave, ""often exaggerated and obsessive"". For example, if a wife is infatuated with a man who is not her husband, reaction formation may cause her to – rather than cheat – become obsessed with showing her husband signs of love and affection. Sublimation: seen as the most acceptable of the mechanisms, an expression of anxiety in socially acceptable ways",closed_qa "What role did Danbury, Connecticut play in the American Revolution?","During the Revolutionary War, Danbury was an important military supply depot for the Continental Army. Sybil Ludington, 16-year-old daughter of American Colonel Henry Ludington, is said to have made a 40-mile ride in the early hours of the night on April 26, 1777, to warn the people of Danbury and her father's forces in Putnam County, New York, of the approach of British regulars, helping them muster in defense; these accounts, originating from the Ludington family, are questioned by modern scholars. During the following day on April 26, 1777, the British, under Major General William Tryon, burned and sacked Danbury, but fatalities were limited due to Ludington's warning. The central motto on the seal of the City of Danbury is Restituimus, (Latin for ""We have restored""), a reference to the destruction caused by the Loyalist army troops. The American General David Wooster was mortally wounded at the Battle of Ridgefield by the British forces which had raided Danbury, but at the beginning of the battle, the Americans succeeded in driving the British forces down to Long Island Sound. Wooster is buried in Danbury's Wooster Cemetery; the private Wooster School in Danbury also was named in his honor.","Danbury, Connecticut served as an important military depot for the Continental Army during the revolutionary war. In April 26, 1777 the British Army attacked, burned and sacked the city, but the American troop were able to drive the British forces back to the Long Island sound.",summarization "From the passage provided, extract the products & services owned by Meta. Separate them with a comma.","Meta Platforms, Inc., doing business as Meta and formerly named Facebook, Inc., and TheFacebook, Inc., is an American multinational technology conglomerate based in Menlo Park, California. The company owns Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp, among other products and services. Meta is one of the world's most valuable companies and among the ten largest publicly traded corporations in the United States. It is considered one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, and Microsoft. Meta's products and services include Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Messenger, and Meta Quest. It has acquired Oculus, Mapillary, CTRL-Labs, Kustomer, and has a 9.99% stake in Jio Platforms. In 2021, the company generated 97.5% of its revenue from the sale of advertising. On October 28, 2021, the parent company of Facebook changed its name from Facebook, Inc., to Meta Platforms, Inc., to ""reflect its focus on building the metaverse"". According to Meta, the ""metaverse"" refers to the integrated environment that links all of the company's products and services.","Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Messenger, and Meta Quest",information_extraction What's a famous music in Morocco,"Moroccan music is of Arabic, Berber and sub-Saharan origins. Rock-influenced chaabi bands are widespread, as is trance music with historical origins in Islamic music. Morocco is home to Andalusian classical music that is found throughout Northwest Africa. It probably evolved under the Moors in Cordoba, and the Persian-born musician Ziryab is usually credited with its invention. A genre known as Contemporary Andalusian Music and art is the brainchild of Morisco visual artist/composer/oudist Tarik Banzi, founder of the Al-Andalus Ensemble. A group of Jilala musicians in 1900 Aita is a Bedouin musical style sung in the countryside. Chaabi (""popular"") is a music consisting of numerous varieties which are descended from the multifarious forms of Moroccan folk music. Chaabi was originally performed in markets, but is now found at any celebration or meeting. Popular Western forms of music are becoming increasingly popular in Morocco, such as fusion, rock, country, metal and, in particular, hip hop.",Morocco is Home to Andalusian classical music which evolved under the moors in Cordoba and Chaabi music which refer to popular music. It consists of numerous varieties which are descended from the multifarious forms of Moroccan folk music. Aita is a bedouin musical style sung in the countryside.,summarization Which country is alphabetically last,,Zimbabwe,open_qa Think of three different colors that mens suits are often,,"Black, blue, grey",brainstorming What are symptoms of ‘Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)’?,,"ADHD symptoms can be divided into three major categories: behavioral, cognitive, and mood. ADHD behavioral symptoms include aggression, excitability, fidgeting, hyperactivity, impulsivity, irritability, and repeated words or actions. Symptoms of cognitive impairment include absentmindedness, difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, attention problems, and short attention spans. There are many mood-related symptoms, such as anger, anxiety, boredom, excitement, and mood swings.",open_qa What are some steps I can take to switch into a career in technology or computer programming?,,"There are many different ways to break into a career in tech, even if you do not have a degree in computer science: - enroll in a coding bootcamp - see if anyone in your network is hiring - practice coding interview questions on LeetCode - go back to school for a master's degree in computer science or information science - watch Youtube tutorials on how to code your own website",brainstorming "What is District 13 in ""The Hunger Games"" known for developing?",,District 13 is responsible for the development of nuclear weapons.,open_qa Tell me about the history of how the NBA started?,"The Basketball Association of America was founded in 1946 by owners of the major ice hockey arenas in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States and Canada. On November 1, 1946, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the Toronto Huskies hosted the New York Knickerbockers at Maple Leaf Gardens, in a game the NBA now refers to as the first game played in NBA history. The first basket was made by Ossie Schectman of the Knickerbockers. Although there had been earlier attempts at professional basketball leagues, including the American Basketball League (ABL) and the NBL, the BAA was the first league to attempt to play primarily in large arenas in major cities. During its early years, the quality of play in the BAA was not significantly better than in competing leagues or among leading independent clubs such as the Harlem Globetrotters. For instance, the 1948 ABL finalist Baltimore Bullets moved to the BAA and won that league's 1948 title, and the 1948 NBL champion Minneapolis Lakers won the 1949 BAA title. Prior to the 1948–49 season, however, NBL teams from Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Minneapolis, and Rochester jumped to the BAA, which established the BAA as the league of choice for collegians looking to turn professional. On August 3, 1949, the remaining NBL teams–Syracuse, Anderson, Tri-Cities, Sheboygan, Denver, and Waterloo–merged into the BAA. In deference to the merger and to avoid possible legal complications, the league name was changed to the present National Basketball Association, even though the merged league retained the BAA's governing body, including Maurice Podoloff as president. To this day, the NBA claims the BAA's history as its own. It now reckons the arrival of the NBL teams as an expansion, not a merger, and does not recognize NBL records and statistics.","The league was founded in New York City on June 6, 1946, as the Basketball Association of America (BAA). It changed its name to the National Basketball Association on August 3, 1949, after merging with the competing National Basketball League..",summarization "Classify each of the following as renewable or non-renewable forms of energy: Coal, solar, wind, natural gas, nuclear, hydroelectric, petroleum",,"Coal: non-renewable, Solar: renewable, Wind: renewable, Natural Gas: non-renewable, Nuclear: non-renewable, Hydroelectric: renewable, Petroleum: non-renewable",classification "Where is the Lighthouse Point, Bahamas","Lighthouse Point, Bahamas, or simply Lighthouse Point, is a private peninsula in The Bahamas which serves as an exclusive port for the Disney Cruise Line ships. It is located in the south-eastern region of Bannerman Town, Eleuthera. In March 2019, The Walt Disney Company purchased the peninsula from the Bahamian government, giving the company control over the area.","The Lighthouse Point, Bahamas, or simply Lighthouse Point, is a private peninsula in the Bahamas which serves as an exclusive port for the Disney Cruise Line ships. It is located in the south-eastern region of Bannerman Town, Eleuthera.",summarization "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Zill, Epinette des Vosges",,"Epinette des Vosges is string, Zill is percussion.",classification "What was ""the Dry Capital of the World""?","Westerville is a city in Franklin and Delaware counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. A northeastern suburb of Columbus, the population was 39,190 at the 2020 census. Westerville is the home of Otterbein University. Westerville was once known as ""The Dry Capital of the World"" for its strict laws prohibiting sales of alcohol and for being the home of the Anti-Saloon League, one of the driving forces behind Prohibition at the beginning of the 20th century.","Westerville, OH was once known as ""The Dry Capital of the World"" due to being the home of the Anti-Saloon League, a driving force behind Prohibition in the early 1900s, and for its strict laws prohibiting sales of alcohol. Ironically, there are now many restaurants and a small brewery in Westerville that serve alcohol.",summarization "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Ferret, Northern bobwhite",,"Ferret is domesticated, Northern bobwhite is wild.",classification Name some largest US states,,"- Alaska - Texas - California - Montana - New Mexico",open_qa "Which of these is edible or not edible: 1. Banana 2. Laptop 3. Marmite 4. Tape 5. Mushroom 6. Pizza",,"The following are edible: 1. Banana 2. Marmite 3. Pizza The following are not edible: 1. Laptop 2. Tape The following may or may not be edible: 1. Mushroom",classification "What is the difference between their, there, and they're?",,"Their, there, and they're are homophones. Homophones are words that sound similar but have different meanings and spellings. Their is a possessive pronoun, as in ""their bicycle is green"". They're is a contraction of ""they are"", as in ""they're going to the game tomorrow"". There is an adjective, as in ""she is always there for her friends"". There can also be used as a noun, as in ""stay out of there"", or as an adverb, as in ""stop over there"".",open_qa Explain the use of screens in basketball,,"In basketball, when a team has the ball, one person may set a screen by blocking a defender with his body but making sure his hands are not extended. This allows the person with the ball to pass, shoot, etc. without issuing any fouls. If the person setting a screen moves while screening, the referee will call a moving screen and the ball will be inbounded by the person who moved while screening from the half court line. In any case, screens do not foul the screener for contact unless they are to do physical contact with their hands or feet.",open_qa Explain the use of screens in basketball,,"In basketball, when a team has the ball, one person may set a screen by blocking a defender with his body but making sure his hands are not extended. This allows the person with the ball to pass, shoot, etc. without issuing any fouls. If the person setting a screen moves while screening, the referee will call a moving screen and the ball will be inbounded by the person who moved while screening from the half court line. In any case, screens do not foul the screener for contact unless they are to do physical contact with their hands or feet.",open_qa What is Bayes theorem mathematical formula,,P(A/B) = P(B/A) * P(A) / P(B),brainstorming tell me how much Amazon Prime would cost,"Amazon Prime Video, also known simply as Prime Video, is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming and rental service of Amazon offered as a standalone service or as part of Amazon's Prime subscription. The service primarily distributes films and television series produced by Amazon Studios and MGM Holdings or licensed to Amazon, as Amazon Originals, with the service also hosting content from other providers, content add-ons, live sporting events, and video rental and purchasing services. Operating worldwide, the service may require a full Prime subscription to be accessed. In countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, and Germany, the service can be accessed without a full Prime subscription, whereas in Australia, Canada, France, India, Turkey, and Italy, it can only be accessed through a dedicated website. Prime Video additionally offers a content add-on service in the form of channels, called Amazon Channels, or Prime Video Channels, which allow users to subscribe to additional video subscription services from other content providers within Prime Video. Launched on September 7, 2006, as Amazon Unbox in the United States, the service grew with an expanding library, and added the Prime Video membership upon the development of the Prime subscription. It was then renamed as Amazon Instant Video on Demand. After acquiring the UK-based streaming and DVD-by-mail service LoveFilm in 2011, Prime Video was added to the Prime subscription in the United Kingdom, Germany and Austria in 2014, available on a monthly subscription of £/€8.99 per month, continuing the plan of LoveFilm Instant. The service was previously available in Norway, Denmark, and Sweden in 2012, but was discontinued in 2013. On April 18, 2016, Amazon split Prime Video from Amazon Prime in the US for $8.99 per month.","Depends on the region, Amazon Prime in US cost USD 8.99",summarization Why do sailboats have to tack upwind?,,"Modern sailboats use sails that act as foils, with pressure that increases on the inside of the foil higher than the outside of the foil, similar to an airplane wing and described by the Bernoulli effect. The sails must have an angle of attack that is perpendicular to the direction of the wind to be effective. Off the wind, or heading away from the wind, the sails can be eased out to maintain this angle. Heading into the wind, the boat can only get so close to the direction to keep the sails from becoming ineffective or ""luffing."" So to head in the general direction of the wind, a boat must tack at angles to the wind, to make its way in the direction of the wind.",open_qa How can I avoid sunburn?,,"Monitor the UV Index of your local area, and follow the advise to apply sunscreen when the index is high, and reapply according to the label of your sunscreen. SPF 30 should be sufficient for most areas.",open_qa What are a couple of simple tricks to make a simple wood carving look more polished and professional?,,"Okay the first obvious point to make here is that the thing that will make any piece of art - including a wood carving - look more professional is the quality of the art! That means the skill and the artistic quality that goes into it, specifically. But there are a couple things you can do to dress it up a bit - think about your school days and sliding that english paper into a fresh new folder with a carefully penned title on the front. So back to wood carving. What can you do? Let's say you've carved yourself a nice salmon complete with fens and gill lines. Well here are three ways to dress it up. First and most obvious - paint it. You can go for detail paint or you can use more of a water color approach that will give the wood a colored wash. The sky is really the limit here. Second, you mount it on a stand so it floats about the ground. Drill a small whole in the bottom of the fish, do the same in a wood block you've sanded up and you have s stand. Third and a bit more out there - consider if there are simple additions you can add. I made an angler fish and used a drive flower with stem as the attached antenna. Look around and think about what you can add to your project. Last and most basic, put a coat of varnish on it to seal it up - and if you choose give it a bit of shine. All these ideas will give a little bit of extra finish and pop to your project.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about Pharaohs, when the title used to address the kings of egypt","The title ""Pharaoh"" is used for those rulers of Ancient Egypt who ruled after the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by Narmer during the Early Dynastic Period, approximately 3100 BC. However, the specific title was not used to address the kings of Egypt by their contemporaries until the New Kingdom's 18th Dynasty, c. 1400 BC. Along with the title Pharaoh for later rulers, there was an Ancient Egyptian royal titulary used by Egyptian kings which remained relatively constant during the course of Ancient Egyptian history, initially featuring a Horus name, a Sedge and Bee (nswt-bjtj) name and a Two Ladies (nbtj) name, with the additional Golden Horus, nomen and prenomen titles being added successively during later dynasties.",1400 BC,closed_qa Who was Severus Snape secretly in love with?,,Snape loved Lily Potter.,open_qa What are the 5 biggest cities in France in terms of inhabitants?,,"The five biggest cities in France are : 1) Paris, which is also the capital, with more than 2200000 inhabitants. 2) Marseille with more than 865000 inhabitants. 3) Lyon with more than 520000 inhabitants. 4) Toulouse with more than 480000 inhabitants. 5) Nice with more than 340000 inhabitants.",classification What is a birdie in Golf,,"Each hole in Golf is designated with the number of strokes it would take an expert to make to the hole. If the golfer makes it in the designated strokes it is called a Par. One stroke less than the designated will result in a Birdie. Example , for a Par 4 hole if a Golfer takes 3 strokes to get the ball in the hole , he has a Birdie.",open_qa What is a demand plan?,,"Demand planning is done with a customer. It is a planning process that lets sales and other teams develop forecasts around demand or future usage. It helps with service planning, outage planning, planning for future revenue, and planning for future consumption. It can also drive product roadmap development and deliverables.",open_qa Which rock star is known to consume heavy amounts of drugs and it surprising he has live this long?,,Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones comes to mind.,open_qa Give me a list of all the planets in our solar system.,,"The planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.",brainstorming "Which of these foods are kosher? Lobster, cheeseburger, hamburger and fries, shrimp and grits, thai red curry with tofu, thai red curry with chicken, birthday cake, lentil soup with ham hock.",,"Modern kosher interpretations of the Biblical framework has a few general guidelines. Only vegetarian animals with hooves, only fish with fins and scales, and only non-predatory birds are allowed. In addition, meat and dairy are not consumed in a single meal. Therefore the following items from that list are kosher: hamburger and fries, thai red curry with tofu, thai red curry with chicken, and birthday cake.",classification What is the difference between Football and Futsal?,,The size of a football pitch is bigger and longer than that of futsal. The number of football players is 11 while that of futsal players is 5. The size of a football is bigger than that of a futsal ball. Football players do a throwing when a ball crosses over a line while futsal players do kick-in. The game time of football is 45 minutes while that of futsal is 20 minutes.,open_qa "Tell me whether these are songs or video games: Madden, Fifa, Gimme Shelter, Running on Empty, New York New York, Call of Duty Modern Warfare, Fortnite, Sunday Morning, Mario Kart, Wonderwall",,"Video Games: Madden, Fifa, Call of Duty Modern Warfare, Fortnite, Mario Kart Songs: Gimme Shelter, Running on Empty, New York New York, Sunday Morning, Wonderwall",classification "From the passage provided, extract the population of Bainbridge Island","Bainbridge Island is a city and island in Kitsap County, Washington. It is located in Puget Sound. The population was 23,025 at the 2010 census and an estimated 25,298 in 2019, making Bainbridge Island the second largest city in Kitsap County. The island is separated from the Kitsap Peninsula by Port Orchard, with Bremerton lying to the southwest. Bainbridge Island is a suburb of Seattle, connected via the Washington State Ferries system and to Poulsbo and the Suquamish Indian Reservation by State Route 305, which uses the Agate Pass Bridge.","The population was 23,025 at the 2010 census",information_extraction "What are the titles to the six volumes of Sir Winston Churchill's ""The Second World War""?",,"The six volumes of Sir Winston Churchill's ""The Second World War"" were published between 1948 and 1953. They are: 1. The Gathering Storm 2. Their Finest Hour 3. The Grand Alliance 4. The Hinge of Fate 5. Closing the Ring 6. Triumph and Tragedy",open_qa List great neighborhoods to raise a family in East County San Diego,,"1. Mount Helix, La Mesa 2. Eucalyptus Hills, Lakeside 3. Fletcher Hills, El Cajon 4. Granite Hills, El Cajon 5. Vista Grande, Rancho San Diego 6. Sky Ranch, Santee 7. Palo Verde, Alpine",brainstorming How many members will NATO have once Finland and Sweden join the organization?,"NATO formed with twelve founding members and has added new members eight times, most recently when North Macedonia joined the alliance in March 2020. Following the acceptance of their applications for membership in June 2022, Finland and Sweden are anticipated to become the 31st and 32nd members, with their Accession Protocols to the North Atlantic Treaty now in the process of being ratified by the existing members. In addition, NATO currently recognizes Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, and Ukraine as aspiring members. Enlargement has led to tensions with non-member Russia, one of the twenty additional countries participating in NATO's Partnership for Peace programme. Another nineteen countries are involved in institutionalized dialogue programmes with NATO.",32,information_extraction "Which of the following numbers are prime? 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 2^11-1, 14, 17, 29, 47",,"Out of that list, the following numbers are prime: 2, 3, 5, 7, 17, 29, 47",classification "From the following passage, extract 3 common phenomena related to electricity.","Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others. The presence of either a positive or negative electric charge produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. In most applications, a force acts on a charge with a magnitude given by Coulomb's law. Electric potential is typically measured in volts. Electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies, being used for: Electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment; Electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though progress in theoretical understanding remained slow until the 17th and 18th centuries. The theory of electromagnetism was developed in the 19th century, and by the end of that century electricity was being put to industrial and residential use by electrical engineers. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at this time transformed industry and society, becoming a driving force for the Second Industrial Revolution. Electricity's extraordinary versatility means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which include transport, heating, lighting, communications, and computation. Electrical power is now the backbone of modern industrial society.","3 common phenomena related to electricity are: 1. Lightning 2. Static electricity 3. Electric heating",information_extraction "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Harpsichord, Quena",,"Quena is woodwind, Harpsichord is string.",classification How do solar panels work?,,"Sunlight contains photon particles which hit the solar panels and cause electrons off silicon chips to get directed to the wiring to batteries or appliances, providing electricity",open_qa Where did xiaolongbao originate from and what are some key types,"""Xiaolongbao"" originated in Changzhou, Jiangsu province, by Wan Hua Tea House in the years of Daoguang Emperor (1820 to 1850). Xiaolongbao evolved from the guantangbao (soup-filled dumplings/buns) from Kaifeng, Henan province, the capital city of Northern Song Dynasty (AD 960–1127). There are numerous styles of xiaolongbao in Jiangsu cuisine. Shanghai-style xiaolongbao originated in Nanxiang, which was a neighboring village of Shanghai in Jiangsu that eventually ended up becoming an outer suburb of Shanghai's Jiading District. The inventor of xiaolongbao sold them in his first store in Nanxiang next to the town's notable park, Guyi Garden. From there the xiaolongbao expanded into downtown Shanghai and outward. The Suzhou and Wuxi styles are larger (sometimes twice as large as a Nanxiang-style soup dumpling) and have sweeter fillings. The Nanjing style is smaller with an almost translucent skin and less meat.","Xiaolongbao were first seen in Chengzhou which is located in Jiangsu province. Since it's humble beginnings it has spread far and wide and there exist many variants. A few common types are the: - Shanghai Style - Suzhou Style - Wuxi Style - Nanjing Style",summarization What do you understand by Boosting in machine learning?,,"Boosting refers to any Ensemble method combining several weak learners into a strong learner. The idea of most boosting methods is to train predictors sequentially, each trying to correct its predecessor. There are many boosting methods available, but by far the most popular are Gradient Boosting and AdaBoost.",open_qa What is the difference between a stand up paddle board and a kayak?,,"Stand up paddle boards and kayaks are both non-motorized water crafts. Typically a kayak is either sit on top or sit in water craft, the user paddles through the water from a seated position. Most kayaks are made from polyethylene but some kayaks are made from kevlar or fiberglass, there are also inflatable kayaks. A stand up paddle board typically allows the user to paddle while standing up but they can also paddle while sitting if desired. Stand up paddle boards come in a variety of materials, hard paddleboards are made of fiberglass that is wrapped around a foam core, or polyethylene, inflatable paddleboards are made of stitching together pvc.",open_qa "Classify each of the following as either a root vegetable or a fruit: cassava, ube, strawberry, carrot, potato, banana, blueberry, yam, lime",,"Root vegetable: cassava, ube, carrot, potato, yam Fruit: strawberry, banana, blueberry, lime",classification What is the Shiba Inu (crypto)?,,"Shiba Inu token (ticker: SHIB) is a decentralized cryptocurrency created in August 2020 by an anonymous person or group known as ""Ryoshi"". It is named after the Shiba Inu (柴犬), a Japanese breed of dog originating in the Chūbu region, the same breed that is depicted in Dogecoin's symbol, itself originally a satirical cryptocurrency based on the Doge meme. Shiba Inu has been characterized as a ""meme coin"" and a pump-and-dump scheme.",open_qa "Based on the text below, please summarise in a few lines","Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are ""out""). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information. Forms of cricket range from Twenty20, with each team batting for a single innings of 20 overs (each ""over"" being a set of 6 fair opportunities for the batting team to score) and the game generally lasting three hours, to Test matches played over five days. Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours. In addition to the basic kit, some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball, which is a hard, solid spheroid made of compressed leather with a slightly raised sewn seam enclosing a cork core layered with tightly wound string.","Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams with eleven players each. The game is played in a field with a pitch at the center with wickets at either end. There is a batting team and a bowling team. The game is adjudicated by two on-field umpires, a third umpire, and a referee. There are various forms of the game, starting from Twenty20, which generally lasts up to 3 hours to test cricket, played over 5 days.",summarization What are the Australian men's and women's soccer teams called?,"Soccer, also known as football, is the most played outdoor club sport in Australia, and ranked in the top ten for television audience as of 2015. The national governing body of the sport is Football Australia (FA), which until 2019, organised the A-League Men, A-League Women, and still organises the Australia Cup, as well as the men's and women's national teams (known as the Socceroos and the Matildas, respectively). The FA comprises nine state and territory member federations, which oversee the sport within their respective region.",The men's national team is called the Socceroos and the women's national team is called the Matildas.,summarization Which is a species of fish? Tonguefish or Tongue,,Tonguefish,classification Who built the Eiffel Tower,"The Eiffel Tower (/ˈaɪfəl/ EYE-fəl; French: tour Eiffel [tuʁ ɛfɛl] (listen)) is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. Locally nicknamed ""La dame de fer"" (French for ""Iron Lady""), it was constructed from 1887 to 1889 as the centerpiece of the 1889 World's Fair. Although initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, it has since become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world. The tower received 5,889,000 visitors in 2022, up by 197 percent from 2021, when numbers dropped due to the COVID virus. The Eiffel Tower is the most visited monument with an entrance fee in the world:[citation needed] 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015. It was designated a monument historique in 1964, and was named part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site (""Paris, Banks of the Seine"") in 1991.","The Eiffel Tower is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. An important designer was the Swiss Maurice Koechlin. Locally nicknamed ""La dame de fer"" (French for ""Iron Lady""), it was constructed from 1887 to 1889 as the centerpiece of the 1889 World's Fair. Although initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, it has since become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world.",summarization "Classify each of the following as either a stringed instrument or a percussion instrument: violin, guitar, drums, congas, bongos, bass guitar.",,"The violin, guitar and bass guitar are stringed instruments. Drums, congas, and bongos are percussion instruments.",classification Extract the names of the four Grand Slam tournaments and list them using bullets. Include the months of the year when each of the tournaments is generally played.,"The Grand Slam in tennis is the achievement of winning all four major championships in one discipline in a calendar year, also referred to as the ""Calendar-year Grand Slam"" or ""Calendar Slam"". In doubles, a team may accomplish the Grand Slam playing together or a player may achieve it with different partners. Winning all four major championships consecutively but not within the same calendar year is referred to as a ""non-calendar-year Grand Slam"", while winning the four majors at any point during the course of a career is known as a ""Career Grand Slam"". The Grand Slam tournaments, also referred to as majors, are the world's four most important annual professional tennis tournaments. They offer the most ranking points, prize money, public and media attention, the greatest strength and size of field, and the longest matches for men (best of five sets, best of three for the women). The tournaments are overseen by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), rather than the separate men and women's tour organizing bodies, the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and Women's Tennis Association (WTA), but both the ATP and WTA award ranking points based on players' performances in them. The four Grand Slam tournaments are the Australian Open in January, the French Open from late May to early June, Wimbledon in late June to early July, and the US Open in August–September, with each played over two weeks. The Australian and the United States tournaments are played on hard courts, the French on clay, and Wimbledon on grass. Wimbledon is the oldest tournament, founded in 1877, followed by the US in 1881, the French in 1891, and the Australian in 1905, but it was not until 1925 that all four were held as officially sanctioned majors.","• The Australian Open, January • The French Open, Late May to Early June • Wimbledon, Late June to Early July • The US Open, August - September",information_extraction How is chocolate made?,,Chocolate comes from cacao beans. These beans need to be cleaned and roasted at low temperatures to develop flavor. The shells are seperated from the nibs through winnowing. Nibs are finely ground into cocoa mass which becomes solid at room temperature. Other ingredients then get added to the solid and then machines knead the chocolate paste making sweet chocolate.,open_qa Who was Tap Gordon Jones?,"Air Marshal Sir Edward “Tap” Gordon Jones, KCB, CBE, DSO, DFC (31 August 1914 – 20 February 2007) was an officer in the Royal Air Force for 34 years, from 1935 to 1969. He commanded a squadron of obsolescent biplane Gladiator fighters during the Greek Campaign in the Second World War, where he shot down five Italian Fiat CR.42 fighters. He served in mainly operational posts in Europe until he retired. Unusually, he never served a post in the Air Ministry or the UK Ministry of Defence.","Tap Gordon Jones, full name Air Marshal Sir Edward ""Tap"" Gordon Jones, KCB, CBE, DSO, DFC was an officer in the UK Royal Air Force from 1935 to 1969. He commanded a squadron of Gladiators during the Greek Campaign in Wold War II. At the time Gladiators were considered to be obsolete. During the Greek Campaign, he shot down Five Italian fighters. After the war until his retirement he mainly served in operational posts in Europe.",summarization Where did the marathon come from?,,"The marathon is a long distance foot race that goes for 42.195 km (26mi 385 yd). The name 'marathon' came from the legend of Philippides, a Greek messenger. The legend states that during the Battle of Marathon, Philippides saw a Persian vessel change course towards Athens. He say this as an attempt by the Persions to rush into the city and claim a fake win over the Greeks. Philippides was said to have run the entire distance to Athens. When he arrived he ran into the assembly and shouted νενικήκαμεν (nenikēkamen, ""we have won!""). Then he collapsed and died. While there is debate over the accuracy of this legend, when the modern olympics began in 1896, organizers were looking for an event to recall the glory of ancient Greece. The winner of the first Olympic marathon was Spyridon Louis on April 10 1896.",open_qa How should I select a tennis racket if I'm completely new to the sport?,,"If you're a beginner tennis player, you should pick a racket that will help you learn the game quickly. There are a few key factors to consider. The first factor is grip size. There are several ways to measure grip size, but the simplest is to hold the grip and ensure there is about a finger's width remaining between your ring finger and base of your thumb when you hold the racket. Too small a grip may lead to squeezing the racket too hard, and too large a grip will make the racket unwieldy. The second factor is the weight of the racket. A racket in the range of 250 to 310 grams (unstrung) will be suitable for most players. A beginner male player might shoot for something in the 280-305 gram range, and a beginner female might use a racket in the 275-300 gram range. Junior players (age 10+), depending on age and size, should consider rackets in the 250 to 300 gram range. The third factor is the racket head size. You should look for a 100-105 square inch head size. These days even professionals use 100 sq inch commonly, and 95 is considered small (for advanced players). The racket composition is not a key differentiator, as most rackets are made of some sort of graphite composite material. Price is also not an indication of quality. Pricier rackets might be less suited to beginners, in fact. As to brand, it's a very personal choice. I would say choose a brand that you associate with wanting to play (perhaps you're a fan of a player who is sponsored by that brand). You can certainly find rackets at many big box retailers that would check all these boxes. And if you're not sure -- many online as well as local racket retailers run ""demo"" programs allowing you to try different rackets. Choose one that helps you consistently make contact with the ball and get it over the net. The most important thing is to get out on the court and play!",open_qa How to file tax for 2022?,,"The last day to submit 2022 tax returns or to file an extension is Apr 18th, 2023. You can use the free tools IRS provided on their website to fill in required forms. Commerical softwares like Turbotax and H&R Block can ease some of the pain by providing a user friend UI with prompts and offers some consultancy help in the app. If you have complicated income structure, for example, self-employed or with multi-streams of investment income, consider finding a reliable CPA and let the professionals help with the tax.",brainstorming What is a t-style guitar?,,"A T-style guitar is a guitar based on the Fender Telecaster, but possibly made by a different manufacturer. Such guitars are always similar in shape to the Fender Telecaster, but may deviate in hardware, electronics, or other components. A typical T-style guitar has two single-coil pickups, a bolt-on neck with 21 or 22 frets, and an ash-tray bridge.",open_qa Extract a list of all countries sharing a border with Germany from this passage.,"Germany is the seventh-largest country in Europe; bordering Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria to the southeast, and Switzerland to the south-southwest. France, Luxembourg and Belgium are situated to the west, with the Netherlands to the northwest. Germany is also bordered by the North Sea and, at the north-northeast, by the Baltic Sea. German territory covers 357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi), consisting of 348,672 km2 (134,623 sq mi) of land and 8,350 km2 (3,224 sq mi) of water. Elevation ranges from the mountains of the Alps (highest point: the Zugspitze at 2,963 metres or 9,721 feet) in the south to the shores of the North Sea (Nordsee) in the northwest and the Baltic Sea (Ostsee) in the northeast. The forested uplands of central Germany and the lowlands of northern Germany (lowest point: in the municipality Neuendorf-Sachsenbande, Wilstermarsch at 3.54 metres or 11.6 feet below sea level) are traversed by such major rivers as the Rhine, Danube and Elbe. Significant natural resources include iron ore, coal, potash, timber, lignite, uranium, copper, natural gas, salt, and nickel.","Following countries share a border with Germany: - Denmark - Poland - Czech Republic - Austria - Switzerland - France - Luxembourg - Belgium - Netherlands",summarization Which is the most populous city in the United States,"New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over 300.46 square miles (778.2 km2), New York City is the most densely populated major city in the United States and more than twice as populous as Los Angeles, the nation's second-largest city.",New York,closed_qa Brainstorm a list of five different animals that you could find on a farm,,"You could find cows, sheep, chickens, horses and ducks on a farm",brainstorming Name some characters of One Piece Straw Hat Pirates.,,"Monkey D. Luffy, Roronoa Zoro, Nami, Usopp, Sanji, Tony Tony Chopper, Nico Robin, Franky, Brook, Jimbei",open_qa What are the words of House Tyrell?,,"""Growing Strong""",open_qa Who designed Washington D.C. and what are some interesting attributes about the city?,"The plan specified that most streets would be laid out in a grid. To form the grid, some streets (later named for letters of the alphabet) would travel in an east–west direction, while others (named for numbers) would travel in a north–south direction. Broader diagonal grand avenues, later named after the states of the Union, crossed the north–south-east/west grid. These ""grand avenues"" intersected with the north–south and east–west streets at circles and rectangular plazas that would later honor notable Americans and provide open space.","Washington DC was designed by Major Pierre Charles L'Enfant at the request of George Washington. L'Enfant was a civil engineer by training, from France, and based his basic design for DC on the streets of Paris. DC is laid out as a grid, with east-west streets named alphabetically, starting with the letters themselves, and adding syllables as the streets went further out from the city center. The north-south streets are numbered, increasing as they radiate from the Capitol. At the intersection of the center-most streets are named for the direction as they radiate from the Capitol, i.e. North Capitol. However, there is no West Capitol street, as that is the prominent plazas known as the mall. Diagonally across the grid are streets named after the states and those state streets intersect in circles named after prominent Americans with plazas and open spaces.",closed_qa What are the most easy to keep plants?,,"Most evergreens are low maintenance plants. You can plant them outdoors; they grow well regardless of weather conditions and usually do not require additional watering or fertilizing. For indoor plants, peace lilies, money trees, monstera, snake plants, devil's ivy are easy to grow choices.",brainstorming What is deep learning?,"Deep learning is part of a broader family of machine learning methods based on artificial neural networks with representation learning. Learning can be supervised, semi-supervised or unsupervised. Deep-learning architectures such as deep neural networks, deep belief networks, deep reinforcement learning, recurrent neural networks, convolutional neural networks and transformers have been applied to fields including computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, machine translation, bioinformatics, drug design, medical image analysis, climate science, material inspection and board game programs, where they have produced results comparable to and in some cases surpassing human expert performance. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were inspired by information processing and distributed communication nodes in biological systems. ANNs have various differences from biological brains. Specifically, artificial neural networks tend to be static and symbolic, while the biological brain of most living organisms is dynamic (plastic) and analog. The adjective ""deep"" in deep learning refers to the use of multiple layers in the network. Early work showed that a linear perceptron cannot be a universal classifier, but that a network with a nonpolynomial activation function with one hidden layer of unbounded width can. Deep learning is a modern variation that is concerned with an unbounded number of layers of bounded size, which permits practical application and optimized implementation, while retaining theoretical universality under mild conditions. In deep learning the layers are also permitted to be heterogeneous and to deviate widely from biologically informed connectionist models, for the sake of efficiency, trainability and understandability.",Deep learning is part of a broader family of machine learning methods based on artificial neural networks with representation learning.,closed_qa "From the passage provided, summarise the key phases of sunset.","Sunset, also known as sundown, is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation. As viewed from everywhere on Earth (except the North and South poles), the equinox Sun sets due west at the moment of both the spring and autumn equinoxes. As viewed from the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun sets to the northwest (or not at all) in the spring and summer, and to the southwest in the autumn and winter; these seasons are reversed for the Southern Hemisphere. The time of sunset is defined in astronomy as the moment when the upper limb of the Sun disappears below the horizon. Near the horizon, atmospheric refraction causes sunlight rays to be distorted to such an extent that geometrically the solar disk is already about one diameter below the horizon when a sunset is observed. Sunset is distinct from twilight, which is divided into three stages. The first one is civil twilight, which begins once the Sun has disappeared below the horizon, and continues until it descends to 6 degrees below the horizon. The second phase is nautical twilight, between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The third phase is astronomical twilight, which is the period when the Sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon. Dusk is at the very end of astronomical twilight, and is the darkest moment of twilight just before night. Finally, night occurs when the Sun reaches 18 degrees below the horizon and no longer illuminates the sky. Locations further north than the Arctic Circle and further south than the Antarctic Circle experience no full sunset or sunrise on at least one day of the year, when the polar day or the polar night persists continuously for 24 hours.","Sunset is divided into three stages. The first is twilight, which begins once the Sun has disappears below the horizon, and continues until it descends to 6 degrees below the horizon. The second phase is nautical twilight, between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The third phase is astronomical twilight, which is the period when the Sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon.",information_extraction What were the origins of the American Civil War?,"Historians who address the origins of the American Civil War today agree that the preservation of slavery in the United States was the principal aim of the 11 Southern states (seven states before the onset of the war and four states after the onset) that declared their secession from the United States (the Union) and united to form the Confederate States of America (known as the ""Confederacy""). However, while historians in the 21st century agree on the centrality of the conflict over slavery—it was not just ""a cause"" of the war but ""the cause""—they disagree sharply on which aspects of this conflict (ideological, economic, political, or social) were most important, and on the North’s reasons for refusing to allow the Southern states to secede. Proponents of the pseudo-historical Lost Cause ideology have denied that slavery was the principal cause of the secession, a view that has been disproven by the overwhelming historical evidence against it, notably the seceding states' own secession documents.","Many historians agree that the issue of slavery was the main cause of the American Civil War. A total of eleven southern states wanted to preserve slavery and as a result voted to secede from the United States. These states subsequently declared themselves the Confederate States of America, also known as the Confederacy. Also most historians agree that slavery was the cause of the war, they have differing views regarding which aspects (idealogical, economic, political, or social) were most important. Their opinions also differ regarding the Northern States reasons for not allowing the Southern states to succeed from the Union. Followers of an ideology known as the Lost Cause Idealogy have denied that slavery was the root cause of the war however this view has been disproven by overwhelming evidence, including the Southern states own secession documents.",summarization Name a good wood for a beginning wood carving project?,,"Basswood is a tree that grows in North America that is particularly good for a first wood carving project. The reason? It is soft enough to be easy to work, but hard enough that it will let you get detail and is reasonably hard to break when you are still learning what you are doing. It responds well to a simple knife or to more advanced woodworking tools like gauges. It's also a light color which looks nice unpainted, but it also is nice to paint. Last, it is relatively inexpensive when compared with woods like Walnut or Cherry.",open_qa Who were fighting each other in this battle and what's the consequence of it,"The Battle of Kuningtou or Battle of Guningtou, also known as the Battle of Kinmen, was a battle fought over Kinmen in the Taiwan Strait during the Chinese Civil War in 1949. The failure of the Communists to take the island left it in the hands of the Kuomintang (Nationalists) and crushed their chances of taking Taiwan to destroy the Nationalists completely in the war.","Chinese Nationalist and Chinese Communists fought this battle during Chinese Civil War in 1949. Chinese Nationalist won the battle which deterred Chinese Communists from taking over Taiwan, the last stronghold of Chinese Nationalist government fled from mainland in 1949 until today.",closed_qa top mobile Brands,,"Apple Samsung Oneplus Redmi Motorola Huawei Vivo",brainstorming "Categorize the days of the week between weekdays and weekend. Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday",,"weekdays - Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday weekends - Saturday, Sunday",classification "Which of the following technology categorized as Infrastructure as code (IAC) or CICD tool? Terraform, AWS Cloud Formation , Github actions, Azure Devops pipeline",,"Terraform and AWS Cloud Formation is categorized as Infrastructure as code (IAC) and Github actions, Azure Devops pipeline is categorized as CICD tool.",classification What is the best color ?,,The best color should be black and white,brainstorming "Which of these would I find on a pirate ship: oars, cannons, gym shoes, air conditioning, swords, frisbee golf set",,"On a pirate ship you’d probably find oars, cannons, and swords. You wouldn’t find gym shoes, air conditioning, or a frisbee golf set",classification Give a list of all the names of people that Arboe trained under?,"Arboe was born at Rønne on the island of Bornholm, Denmark. He was the son of Otto Henrik Arboe and Oliva Elisabeth Saxtorph. He attended the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts building school and ornament school from 1855 to 1862 where he was a student of Gustav Friedrich Hetsch (1788–1864) and also trained under Niels Sigfred Nebelong (1806–1871).",Gustav Friedrich Hetsch and Niels Sigfred Nebelong,information_extraction What is the difference between an adverb and adjective?,,"An adjective describes an item, whereas an adverb modifies a verb",open_qa What is the English football league system?,,"The English football league system, also known as the football pyramid, is a series of interconnected leagues for men's association football clubs in England, with five teams from Wales, one from Guernsey, one from Jersey and one from the Isle of Man also competing. The system has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels, allowing even the smallest club the theoretical possibility of ultimately rising to the very top of the system, the Premier League. Below that are levels 2–4 organised by the English Football League, then the National League System from levels 5–10 administered by the FA, and thereafter feeder leagues run by relevant county FAs on an ad hoc basis. The exact number of clubs varies from year to year as clubs join and leave leagues, merge, or fold altogether, but an estimated average of 15 clubs per division implies that more than 7,000 teams of nearly 5,300 clubs are members of a league in the English men's football league system. As there are no official definitions of any level below 11, any references to the structure at level 12 and below should not be regarded as definitive. The pyramid for women's football in England runs separately into ten tiers, and some England-based men's clubs play outside the English football league system.",open_qa What colors are in the traditional style of American tattoos?,,"American traditional tattoos consist mostly of thick black lines with black shading and red, blue, yellow, and green. Sometimes you will see brown and white also used in American traditional tattoos.",brainstorming "Given this paragraph about Dill Records, tell me when the group made CDs and who started the record label.","Dill Records was a small punk rock/ska record label based out of Monte Sereno, California, that put out CDs/records from 1989-1998. The name is an allusion to initially the label's only band, Skankin' Pickle. The record label was started by Mike Park, a.k.a. Bruce Lee of Skankin' Pickle. The first other band with a release on Dill Records was the Tantra Monsters (Dill 006) in 1994. After the breakup of Skankin' Pickle, Mike Park continued releasing records, beginning the label Asian Man Records in 1996. Asian Man and Dill Records coexisted until 1998. Asian Man re-released many albums originally released by Dill Records, as all releases are now out of print and Dill Records is no longer in operation.",Dill Records was started by Mike Park and made CDs from 1989 to 1998.,closed_qa Who let the dogs out?,,"According to the hit 2000 song ""Who Let the Dogs Out"" by the Baha Men, it is undetermined who exactly is responsible for letting the dogs out. The lyrics indicate that the dogs may have been uninvited to the party and let themselves out so they could crash the party, much to the dismay of the other guests in attendance.",open_qa "Which is bigger, a beagle or a basset?",,"Beagles and Basset Hounds are both breeds of dogs. There are two varieties of Beagles - one averaging 13 inches tall, and the other averaging 15 inches tall. The average height for Basset Hounds is also 15 inches tall. However, when comparing weight, Basset Hounds tend to be larger than Beagles. The average weight for Basset hounds is 45-60 pounds, while beagles generally weigh in at 20-30 pounds.",open_qa What is the best way to handle depression,,Anti-depressants and drugs can be used to manage depression but there are also other more natural ways to help manage it too. Another way to help with depression is by simple exercise because exercise releases endorphins and other feel good hormones that help with the down feeling that comes with depression. It is always best to consult with a doctor to evaluate if exercise would be a good way to help you manage it too because it some cases it may not be a prescribed regime.,open_qa "Based on the provided text, place the following books in chronological order: The Fox in the Attic, In Hazard: A Sea Story, A High Wind in Jamaica, and The Wooden Shepherdess","""The Fox in the Attic"" was originally published in 1961 by Chatto & Windus: London as v. 1 of The Human Predicament trilogy, and then in the United States by Harper & Brothers: New York. This was 23 years after Hughes's previous novel, In Hazard: A Sea Story, and 33 years after A High Wind in Jamaica, which was a best seller in the United Kingdom and America.It was published the following year in Sweden (Stockholm: Norstedt) as Räven på vinden. The second novel in The Human Predicament trilogy, The Wooden Shepherdess, was published in 1973 by Chatto & Windus: London; it carries on the story to 1934 and the Night of the Long Knives. The third and final novel was left unfinished, but the completed twelve chapters were included in the 2000 New York Review of Books edition of The Wooden Shepherdess.","The order of the books are as follows: 1) A High Wind in Jamaica 2) In Hazard: A Sea Story 3) The Fox in the Attic 4) The Wooden Shepherdess",closed_qa "In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Blackfyre?",,"House Blackfyre, a branch that separated from House Targaryen, was founded by Daemon I Targaryen",open_qa What are the biggest cloud providers,,"AWS, Azure, Alibaba, Google",brainstorming Give me 5 ways to relax for an hour ?,,"Here are a few suggestions 1. Go for a walk outside 2. Catch up on sleep 3. Read a book 4. Watch Netflix 5. Call a friend",brainstorming What is the standard loft of a pitching wedge in golf?,,"While technology has continued to impact golf club manufacturing, decreasing the standard loft of all clubs, today's standard pitching wedges have a range of 45-48 degrees of loft.",open_qa What are Nanotube?,,"Nanotubes, often known as Carbon Nanotubes, are light, strong shapes made of Carbon atoms. Nanotubes are shaped like tiny straws with walls as thin as one carbon atom. They are considered as the strongest of any material known to man. Nanotubes have many practical uses, one of which is to make the darkest black paint.",open_qa "From the given text, Write some important points about song ""Sunshine, Lollipops and Rainbows""","""Sunshine, Lollipops and Rainbows"" is a popular song sung by Lesley Gore. It was originally released on Gore's 1963 album Lesley Gore Sings of Mixed-Up Hearts. Composed by Marvin Hamlisch. It was arranged by Claus Ogerman and produced by Quincy Jones.","1. Lesley Gore is the singer of the well-known song ""Sunshine, Lollipops and Rainbows."" It first appeared on Lesley Gore Sings of Mixed-Up Hearts, Gore's 1963 album by Marvin Hamlisch, the composer. 2. It was created by Quincy Jones and produced by Claus Ogerman.",summarization How was the saxophone named?,,"after the inventor, Adolphie Sax",open_qa What is a phenotype?,,"In genetics and genomics, the phenotype is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers the organism's morphology (physical form and structure), its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological properties, its behavior, and the products of behavior. An organism's phenotype results from two basic factors: the expression of an organism's genetic code (its genotype) and the influence of environmental factors. Both factors may interact, further affecting the phenotype. When two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species, the species is called polymorphic. A well-documented example of polymorphism is Labrador Retriever coloring; while the coat color depends on many genes, it is clearly seen in the environment as yellow, black, and brown. Richard Dawkins in 1978 and then again in his 1982 book The Extended Phenotype suggested that one can regard bird nests and other built structures such as caddisfly larva cases and beaver dams as ""extended phenotypes"". Wilhelm Johannsen proposed the genotype–phenotype distinction in 1911 to make clear the difference between an organism's hereditary material and what that hereditary material produces. The distinction resembles that proposed by August Weismann (1834–1914), who distinguished between germ plasm (heredity) and somatic cells (the body). More recently, in The Selfish Gene (1976), Dawkins distinguished these concepts as replicators and vehicles. The genotype–phenotype distinction should not be confused with Francis Crick's central dogma of molecular biology, a statement about the directionality of molecular sequential information flowing from DNA to protein, and not the reverse.",open_qa "Which movie features the original song, ""City of Stars""?",,"La La Land, a 2016 film featuring a jazz pianist, Seb, and an aspiring actress, Mia.",open_qa "Given that preserving human brains for more than a century is fairly uncommon, what do you think was the motivation for preserving Guiteau's brain?","James A. Garfield, the 20th president of the United States, was shot at the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station in Washington, D.C., at 9:30 am on Saturday, July 2, 1881. He died in Elberon, New Jersey, 79 days later on September 19, 1881. The shooting occurred less than four months into his term as president. Garfield's assassin was Charles J. Guiteau, whose motive was revenge against Garfield for an imagined political debt, and getting Chester A. Arthur elevated to president. Guiteau was convicted of Garfield's murder and executed by hanging one year after the shooting. Part of Guiteau's preserved brain is on display at the Mütter Museum at the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Guiteau's bones and more of his brain, along with Garfield's backbone and a few ribs, are kept at the National Museum of Health and Medicine, at the Army's Forest Glen Annex in Silver Spring, Maryland. Garfield's assassination was instrumental to the passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act on January 16, 1883. Garfield himself had called for civil service reform in his inaugural address and supported it as president in the belief that it would make government more efficient. It was passed as something of a memorial to the fallen President. Arthur lost the Republican nomination in 1884 to Blaine, who went on to lose a close election to Democrat Grover Cleveland.","One reason for preserving the brain may have been to study structural abnormalities that could have explained Guiteau's violent behavior. Alternatively, because Guiteau was well-known and infamous, his brain may have been preserved for use as a memento or as a warning to discourage presidential assassinations in the future.",closed_qa What are the sports that Kraft sponsors?,"Kraft is an official partner and sponsor of both Major League Soccer and the National Hockey League. Since 2006, Kraft Foods has sponsored Kraft Hockeyville, a reality television series produced by CBC/SRC Sports, in which communities demonstrate their commitment to the sport of ice hockey in a contest revolving around the theme of community spirit. The winning community gets a cash prize dedicated to upgrading their hometown arena, as well as the opportunity to host an NHL preseason game. In 2007, it was then relegated to segments aired during Hockey Night in Canada. In 2015, Kraft Hockeyville was expanded to the United States with a separate competition for communities there. From 2002 to 2014, Kraft sponsored the Kraft Nabisco Championship, one of the four ""majors"" on the LPGA tour. The company also sponsored the Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl, a post-season college football bowl game, from 2010 to 2012.","Soccer, hockey, golf, football",information_extraction "Given a reference text about Minister for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries of Denmark, when was the position created and was was it named?","Minister for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries of Denmark (Danish: Minister for Fødevarer, Landbrug og Fiskeri) is the politically appointed head of the Danish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, and a member of the Cabinet. Since 19 November 2020, Rasmus Prehn, from the social democratic party Socialdemokratiet, has served as Minister for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries in the Mette Frederiksen I cabinet. The ministry and the minister post was created in 1896; the ministry was originally named the Ministry of Agriculture. In 1929 the Directorate of Fishing was spun off into the separate Ministry of Shipping and Fishing, but that ministry was reabsorbed in 1935, and the name changed to Ministry of Agriculture and Fishing. In 1947 the Ministry of Fishing was created again, and the name changed to the Ministry of Agriculture, and this time it lasted until 1994 where it was again folded into the Ministry of Agriculture and Fishing. On 30 December 1996 the name of the ministry was changed to the current Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, often just called the Ministry of Food.","The Minister for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries of Denmark position was created in 1896 and was originally named the Ministry of Agriculture.",closed_qa Provide a number of different ways that someone can digest content from a book,,"There's more than one way to digest content from a book. In addition to actually reading the book, you can listen the audio book, read a summary or review of the book, or listen to a podcast discussing the book. Sometimes it's also possible to watch a movie based on the book.",brainstorming "Given this paragraph about the Women's Education Association, which institutions of higher learning had affiliations with the Association?","The aid of the Association was also given to the formation of a class of women for the study of advanced chemistry at the laboratory of the Girls' High School. This class was found to meet so great a want that a chemical laboratory has been fitted up in connection with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and furnished by money collected by the association with apparatus and instruments, such as microscopes, spectroscopes, &c. From time to time pecuniary aid has also been given to young women seeking an advanced education. But the chief work of the Association —the first undertaken and still carried on under its charge- is a plan of examinations known as the Harvard Examinations for Women. These originated in a desire to raise the standard of education in the schools for girls, and are held under the personal supervision of members of the Association. Examination papers, prepared by Professors at Harvard University, are provided by the Association, and those women who successfully pass this examination receive a certificate from the university stating the fact. Branch societies have been established in New York City, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati for the same purpose.",The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University,closed_qa Who is the protagonist in Italo Calvino's Invisible Cities?,"""The book explores imagination and the imaginable through the descriptions of cities by an explorer, Marco Polo. The book is framed as a conversation between the elderly and busy emperor Kublai Khan, who constantly has merchants coming to describe the state of his expanding and vast empire, and Polo. The majority of the book consists of brief prose poems describing 55 fictitious cities that are narrated by Polo, many of which can be read as parables or meditations on culture, language, time, memory, death, or the general nature of human experience. Short dialogues between Kublai and Polo are interspersed every five to ten cities discussing these topics. These interludes between the two characters are no less poetically constructed than the cities, and form a framing device that plays with the natural complexity of language and stories. In one key exchange in the middle of the book, Kublai prods Polo to tell him of the one city he has never mentioned directly—h""","The book explores imagination and the imaginable through the descriptions of cities by an explorer, Marco Polo.",closed_qa Who is the visual of the kpop group Twice?,,"Tzuyu Chou is generally regarded as the visual of Twice, though some may disagree.",open_qa Which country was the first to introduce old age pensions,,Germany,open_qa How long does a tennis match take?,,"A tennis match is usually played as the best of three or five sets, where each set is played as the first to six games with at least a two game margin. A tiebreaker is played if both sides win 6 games. The relative skill of the players, the frequency of breaks, and other factors can all affect the length of a tennis match, but usually a best-of-three set will take around 90 minutes and a best-of-five set will take around 2 and a half hours to 3 hours.",open_qa How has McDonald's target audience changed over time?,"Fast food restaurants often aim some of their advertising directly at the youth population. McDonald's Happy Meals, which include a toy often tied in with a newly released family film, is a significant example. Ronald McDonald, a clown advertising mascot introduced in 1963 and designed to appeal to young children, is another. In addition, in 1987 McDonald's incorporated a Play Place in their restaurants to further advertise to children, making their restaurants a more appealing environment for children. Additionally, from 1996 to 2006, Disney was an exclusive partner with McDonald's, linking their products together. They announced the end of this deal in May 2006, with some reports saying that Disney was worried about childhood obesity. Other than Disney, McDonald's has also been partnered with Nintendo since 1985, when the Nintendo Entertainment System was first introduced. In 1987, McDonald's also created a Nintendo play land in their restaurants where kids could play on Nintendo consoles while waiting for their food. During 2007, McDonald's began to provide WiFi from the Nintendo consoles; giving children the ability to play wherever they were. With also a target audience of children releasing these new films and incorporating toys, it uses the kids to reach out to their parents pockets because of their large investment.","McDonald's has consistently aimed their advertising directly at the youth population. Starting in 1963, they introduced Ronald McDonald, a clown advertising mascot designed to appeal to young children. Over the years, McDonald's partnered with multiple companies that have products targeted at children, such as Nintendo and Disney.",summarization What is the Memorial Recreation Park and where is it located,,"Memorial Recreation Park is an athletic and recreation complex in Port Huron, Michigan. The main facility of the complex is a 5,500-seat stadium, home to the Port Huron Northern High School and Port Huron High School football teams. In addition, there are in the 27-acre (11 ha) complex tennis courts, four baseball fields, four softball fields, several football fields, and a quarter-mile track. The complex was built in 1945 and is dedicated to the men and women of Port Huron who served in World War II.",open_qa "Group following sports based on their similarities. Consider the instruments used, place and duration: Tennis, kick-boxing, football, squash, boxing, rugby, table tennis, taekwondo",,"These sports can be categorized into as following groups; - Footballs sports: Football, rugby - Racket sports: tennis, table tennis, squash - Combat sports: kick-boxing, boxing, taekwondo",classification "Describe these items as expensive or cheap to buy: a Rolex watch, a box of playing cards, a car, a laptop computer, a gallon of milk, an engagement ring, a house",,"a Rolex watch: expensive, a box of playing cards: cheap, a car: expensive, a laptop computer: expensive, a gallon of milk: cheap, an engagement ring: expensive, a house: expensive",classification Why are the Georgia Bulldogs back to back National Champions in Football?,,Coach Kirby Smart brought to Georgia what he learned as a longtime assistant with Nick Saban at Alabama and made his own process for Championship success. Smart has recruited the top high school players in the country to play for the Bulldogs and he has created a culture of brotherhood and accountability. The Georgia Bulldogs are now the standard of excellence when it comes to College Football.,brainstorming Who is Edgar Allen Poe?,,"Edgar Allen Poe is an American born poet and writer. He has written many short stories, and is a renown figure of Romanticism in the US and US Literature. High schools will teach about Edgar Allen Poe when teaching about American Literature and poetry. One of his best quotes is the following: """"Words have no power to impress the mind without the exquisite horror of their reality.""",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Tenor violin, Bass flute",,"Bass flute is woodwind, Tenor violin is string.",classification "From this passage, what is the main benefit of TCP?","At the lower levels of the protocol stack, due to network congestion, traffic load balancing, or unpredictable network behaviour, IP packets may be lost, duplicated, or delivered out of order. TCP detects these problems, requests re-transmission of lost data, rearranges out-of-order data and even helps minimize network congestion to reduce the occurrence of the other problems. If the data still remains undelivered, the source is notified of this failure. Once the TCP receiver has reassembled the sequence of octets originally transmitted, it passes them to the receiving application. Thus, TCP abstracts the application's communication from the underlying networking details.","TCP attempts to ensure that data is sent in the proper order under non-optimal and unpredictable network conditions, and informs the source if it was not successful.",summarization "What's the significance of the lighthouse in Virginia Woolf's ""In The Lighthouse?""",,"The Lighthouse symbolizes human desire, a force that pulsates over the indifferent sea of the natural world and guides people’s passage across it. Yet even as the Lighthouse stands constant night and day, season after season, it remains curiously unattainable. James’ frustrated desire to visit the Lighthouse begins the novel, and Mrs. Ramsay looks at the Lighthouse as she denies Mr. Ramsay the profession of love he wants so badly at the end of Chapter 1. James, finally reaching the Lighthouse in Chapter 3 a decade after he’d first wanted to go, sees that, up close, the Lighthouse looks nothing like it does from across the bay. That misty image he’d desired from a distance remains unattainable even when he can sail right up to the structure it’s supposedly attached to. The novel’s title can be understood as a description for experience itself: one moves through life propelled by desire towards the things one wants, and yet seems rarely to reach them. One’s life, then, is the process of moving towards, of reaching, of desiring. It is “to” the Lighthouse, not “at” it",creative_writing How does a tack work in windsurfing?,,"There are two basic turn maneuvers in windsurfing, the tack and the jibe. The tack turns upwind and takes the nose of the board through the wind. To start tacking, steer the board upwind by moving the sail to the back of the board. When the nose of the boards points right into the wind, step around the front of the sail to the other side. Then, move the rig forward to continue turning the board downwind.",open_qa "Which of these are most likely to be found in a hotel room: lamp, bed, gerbil, coffee pot, dishwasher, ancient relic?",,"A lamp, bed, and coffee pot are most likely to be found in a hotel room. A gerbil, dishwasher, and ancient relic are unlikely to be found in a hotel room.",classification What are some popular books about baseball?,,"""Moneyball"" by Michael Lewis, ""The Boys of Summer"" by Roger Kahn, and ""The Rookie"" by Jim Morris are all examples of popular baseball books.",open_qa Name some Ivy League schools,,"Some Ivy League schools are Cornell, Harvard, Yale, Dartmouth and Columbia",brainstorming When does baby start crawling?,,"There is a wide range in terms of when babies reach this development milestone. At 6 months old, they may start to rock back and forth on hands and knees, and by 9 months, they start to creep and crawl. However, each baby has their own timelines, and it's not uncommon to see babies skip crawling all together.",open_qa Extract the ingredients required to prepare guacamole from the text. Separate them with a comma.,"Guacamole is traditionally made by mashing peeled, ripe avocados and salt with a molcajete y tejolote (mortar and pestle). Recipes often call for lime juice, cilantro, onions, and jalapeños. Some non-traditional recipes may call for sour cream, tomatoes, basil, or peas. Due to the presence of polyphenol oxidase in the cells of avocado, exposure to oxygen in the air causes an enzymatic reaction and develops melanoidin pigment, turning the sauce brown. This result is generally considered unappetizing, and there are several methods (some anecdotal) that are used to counter this effect, such as storing the guacamole in an air-tight container or wrapping tightly in plastic to limit the surface area exposed to the air.","Here are the ingredients from the paragraph to prepare Guacamole: Ripe avocados, salt, lime juice, cilantro, onions, and jalapeños. While these are the most commonly used, some non-traditional recipes may use sour cream, tomatoes, basil, or peas.",information_extraction What is the difference between its and it's?,,"Its (without an apostrophe) indicates possession. Contrary to common possession rules in English, the apostrophe is dropped in its. It's is a contraction, a shortened form of it is or it has.",open_qa What are the top 5 most expensive luxury brands?,,"-Louis Vuitton -Chanel -Hermes -Dior -Saint Laurent",brainstorming Name all the movies in the Harry Potter series,,"Here is the list of all the movies in the Harry Potter Series - Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone ,Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 1and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2",open_qa Who called Timothy Leary a brave neuronaut?,"Timothy Francis Leary (October 22, 1920 – May 31, 1996) was an American psychologist and author known for his strong advocacy of psychedelic drugs. Evaluations of Leary are polarized, ranging from bold oracle to publicity hound. He was ""a hero of American consciousness"", according to Allen Ginsberg, and Tom Robbins called him a ""brave neuronaut""","Tom Robbins called Timothy Leary a ""brave neuronaut"".",closed_qa Give me a proof that the square root of 2 is irrational,,"Here is a proof by contradiction that the square root of 2 is irrational. First, recall that irrational numbers are numbers that cannot be written as p / q for integers p and q. Assume for contradiction that the square root of 2 is rational, which would mean that sqrt(2) = p / q for some integers p and q. Further assume without loss of generality that this fraction is in reduced form, meaning that p and q share no common factors. We can assume this because any integer fraction can be written in such a reduced form, so the existence of any rational representation for sqrt(2) would imply the existence of one in reduced form. Now we square both sides of the above equation, yielding 2 = p^2 / q^2 for some integers p and q not sharing any common factors. Now multiply by q^2 to get 2 * q^2 = p^2 Note that the left hand side is even due to the factor of 2, so the right hand side p^2 is even as well. This means that p must be even as well, otherwise p^2 would not be even. So p can be written as 2 * x for some integer x. Substituting this into the above equation, we get 2 * q^2 = (2 * x)^2 = 2^2 * x^2 Note that both sides of the equation have a factor of 2 we can cancel. Doing this, we get q^2 = 2 * x^2 By an argument analogous to the one above, we can conclude that q is even. However this contradicts our assumption that p and q shared no common factors. Therefore our initial assumption that sqrt(2) is rational was false, which is what we set out to prove.",creative_writing How would you train for a marathon?,,"If you are not regularly running, but are generally fit, it would require many months of training to complete a marathon. Running at least 3 or better 4 times a week will be necessary. You should gradually increase your training load. A good guidance is to not increase the total mileage by more than 10% per week. One of the weekly runs should be a long run. You can should start with a distance that you are able to currently run, and keep gradually increasing it every week until you are able to run 30 km. You shouldn't need training runs longer than that. You should be able to run 30 km about 6 weeks before your target marathon. In the last weeks before the marathon decrease it down to about 20 km. The other runs in the week should be shorter. You should start as short as you are comfortable, and then increase them until they are 10-12 km. You should run all these runs at an easy pace, that would allow you to hold a conversation. Good luck with your marathon!",brainstorming "Given the below reference text about Luftwaffe, tell me for how many years was this military organisation active officially in Germany?","The Luftwaffe was the aerial-warfare branch of the German Wehrmacht before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the Luftstreitkräfte of the Imperial Army and the Marine-Fliegerabteilung of the Imperial Navy, had been disbanded in May 1920 in accordance with the terms of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles which banned Germany from having any air force. During the interwar period, German pilots were trained secretly in violation of the treaty at Lipetsk Air Base in the Soviet Union. With the rise of the Nazi Party and the repudiation of the Versailles Treaty, the Luftwaffe's existence was publicly acknowledged on 26 February 1935, just over two weeks before open defiance of the Versailles Treaty through German rearmament and conscription would be announced on 16 March. The Condor Legion, a Luftwaffe detachment sent to aid Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War, provided the force with a valuable testing ground for new tactics and aircraft. Partially as a result of this combat experience, the Luftwaffe had become one of the most sophisticated, technologically advanced, and battle-experienced air forces in the world when World War II broke out in September 1939. By the summer of 1939, the Luftwaffe had twenty-eight Geschwader (wings). The Luftwaffe also operated a paratrooper force known as the Fallschirmjäger. The Luftwaffe proved instrumental in the German victories across Poland and Western Europe in 1939 and 1940. During the Battle of Britain, however, despite inflicting severe damage to the RAF's infrastructure and, during the subsequent Blitz, devastating many British cities, the German air force failed to batter the beleaguered British into submission. From 1942, Allied bombing campaigns gradually destroyed the Luftwaffe's fighter arm. From late 1942, the Luftwaffe used its surplus ground support and other personnel to raise Luftwaffe Field Divisions. In addition to its service in the West, the Luftwaffe operated over the Soviet Union, North Africa and Southern Europe. Despite its belated use of advanced turbojet and rocket-propelled aircraft for the destruction of Allied bombers, the Luftwaffe was overwhelmed by the Allies' superior numbers and improved tactics, and a lack of trained pilots and aviation fuel. In January 1945, during the closing stages of the Battle of the Bulge, the Luftwaffe made a last-ditch effort to win air superiority, and met with failure. With rapidly dwindling supplies of petroleum, oil, and lubricants after this campaign, and as part of the entire combined Wehrmacht military forces as a whole, the Luftwaffe ceased to be an effective fighting force. After the defeat of Nazi Germany, the Luftwaffe was disbanded in 1946. During World War II, German pilots claimed roughly 70,000 aerial victories, while over 75,000 Luftwaffe aircraft were destroyed or significantly damaged. Of these, nearly 40,000 were lost entirely. The Luftwaffe had only two commanders-in-chief throughout its history: Hermann Göring and later Generalfeldmarschall Robert Ritter von Greim for the last two weeks of the war.",The Luftwaffe was officially active for about 11 years - 1935 to 1946.,closed_qa When is the best time to see cherry blossom in Japan?,,"The best time to visit Japan for cherry blossoms is around late March through early May, depending on the prefecture. There are a number of factors that influene when the blooming will take place each year such as temperature and rain.",open_qa "Write a brief advertisement for a rentable property near a lake in the mountains. The target audience should be older adults looking for a quiet retreat. There should be several stipulations discouraging parties, teenagers, and noisy guests. Begin with an eye-catching summary statement. The property name is ""The Misty Lake Overlook""",,"Enjoy eye-popping views, picturesque landscapes, quiet solitude, luxurious accommodations - and more!! - at The Misty Lake Overlook. The Misty Lake Overlook - your home-away-from-home - is nestled in a quiet corner of a idyllic mountain clearing, just above Misty Lake. A show-stopper great room greets you upon entry with a open-concept kitchen and living space. Stay warm through the cool evenings with a newly renovated fireplace. Eat, play, and relax on the lavish outdoor patio, fully equipped with dining areas, charcoal grill, hot tub, and games for young children. The private dock is only a 5-10 minute walk down the mountain and comes with a water slide, kayaks, and a fishing pier. Please note, guests of the Misty Lake Overlook must adhere to all Misty Lake rules: Quiet hours are between 10pm-7am; no horseplay in the lake; life jackets must be worn at all times near the water. Additional rental notes and requirements: the average guest age must be 30+; there will be a $1000 refundable service deposit to cover any damage or mess; there is only parking space for 2 cars; absolutely no parties allowed.",creative_writing How tall is Mt. Shakspere?,"Mount Shakspere is a 12,174-foot-elevation (3,711 meter) summit located in Fresno County, California, United States. Description The mountain is set four miles west of the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in the Palisades area of Kings Canyon National Park. It is situated 4.5 miles (7.2 km) southwest of Middle Palisade, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) southeast of Giraud Peak, and one mile north-northwest of line parent Observation Peak. Mt. Shakspere ranks as the 384th-highest summit in California, and topographic relief is significant as the summit rises over 3,500 feet (1,100 meters) above Palisade Creek in approximately one mile (1.6 km). The first ascent of the summit was made July 20, 1930, by Francis P. Farquhar, Mary Lou Michaels, Doris Drust, Lorna Kilgariff, and Robert L. Lipman. This mountain's name has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names.","Mount Shakspere is 12,174 feet tall",information_extraction What are common executive roles at large companies?,,"Large companies contain different sets of executives. Most companies have a chief executive officer who runs the company. Another common executive title is the Chief Financial Officer, the person responsible for accounting, financial planning and reporting. Chief Technology Officers are generally responsible for building and maintaining technology infrastructure, the code base and driving innovation within the organization. The Chief Marketing Officer is generally responsible for marketing, brand awareness and demand generation within the organization. A Chief People Officer is often responsible for human resources, recruitment and talent management. A Chief Security Officer protects the safety and security of the organization.",open_qa What is a good kids snack for school?,,"You have many different options when considering a good snack for kids? Typically if the snack is for school you will want to choose a healthy snack to keep your child alert during class and paying attention. Healthy snack options are fruits and vegetables, cheese and crackers or goldfish. Other unhealthier snack options would be sugary snacks like gummy bears and chocolate.",open_qa Why does the US Federal Reserve raise interest rates?,,"One of the primary roles of the US Federal Reserve is to control the supply of money within the economy. During times when the economy is doing incredibly well, a.k.a. running hot or facing inflation (rise of prices of goods and services), the Federal Reserve will need to reduce the supply of money by increasing the cost of borrowing. The primary lever to increase the cost of borrowing is by increasing the Federal Funds rate (the rate for banks to borrow and lend their excess reserves to meet liquidity requirements). Increasing the Federal Funds rate results in more expensive borrowing costs, which can reduce demand among banks to borrow money. Less money is borrowed to help fund the economy resulting in a reduction in purchasing power and the money supply. This will slow down the pace of economic growth and help ease inflation.",open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Ganges River Dolphin, Helicoprion",,"Helicoprion is extinct, Ganges River Dolphin is alive.",classification "Could you plan a canoe camping trip in Michigan? I want to canoe the river from start to end, and need specific camping locations for each night.",,"I would recommend a canoe camping trip on the Au Sable River in Michigan. The river is about 114 miles long beginning in Grayling and ending in Oscoda. The river features numerous campgrounds which you will be able to camp at each night. Day 1 Whitepine Campground Day 2 Parmalee Campground Day 3 Mio Campground Day 4 Alcona Dam Campground Day 5 Loud Dam Campground Day 6 End at Lake Huron",creative_writing What is 'karma' according to Buddhism?,,"Karma is a central and fundamental aspect of Buddhist doctrine common to all traditions of Buddhism. The Buddhist concept of Karma is a natural process that operates with all our volitional actions and which does not need an external agency or power that sits in judgement. Karma in Buddhism should not be considered as moral justice, or a method of reward and punishment, that needs an external body or authority to decide whom or what should be punished and rewarded. It is believed that Gautama Buddha attained complete insight into how the process of Karma works during the night of his full enlightenment when, through the divine eye (dibbacakku), Buddha saw how other beings die and are reborn in happy and unhappy states according to their Karma. According to the Cula-kammavibhanga sutta of the Majima Nikava (collection of the middle length discourses of the Buddha), a young brahmin by the name of Subha had approached the Buddha and inquired as to why there was so much inequality among human beings in terms of being short-lived or long-lived, sickly or healthy, ugly or beautiful, powerful or powerless, poor or rich, low-born or high-born, ignorant or intelligent, etc. Buddha had then explained that: ""all living beings are the owners of their actions, heirs to their actions, they originate from their actions, they are related through their actions, they have their actions as their refuge and that it is action or Karma that distinguishes beings as inferior and superior The word Karma in Pali, and karma in Sanskrit, means action but encompasses only actions that are intentional, volitional and willful and which will lead to consequences sooner or later. The mind (citta) by itself cannot perform or direct any mental, verbal or physical action and it is the intention, will, mental effort or volition (cetana) that directs any mental, verbal or physical action. Thus the Buddha declared: ""Cetanaham bhikkhave kammam vadami Cetayitva kammam karoti, kayena, vacaya, manasa"" ""It is volition that I call Karma, by volition one performs Karma through body, word or mind.""",open_qa What are close cities to Legonice?,"Łęgonice [wɛnɡɔˈnit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą, within Grójec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą, 36 km (22 mi) south-west of Grójec, and 74 km (46 mi) south-west of Warsaw. The village has a population of 440.","Close cities to Legonice are Nowe Miasto nad Pilica, Grojec, and Warsaw.",summarization Tell me about Hong Kong,"Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delta in South China. With 7.5 million residents of various nationalities in a 1,104-square-kilometre (426 sq mi) territory, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world. Hong Kong is also a major global financial centre and one of the most developed cities in the world. Hong Kong was established as a colony of the British Empire after the Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island from Xin'an County at the end of the First Opium War in 1841 then again in 1842. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. British Hong Kong was occupied by Imperial Japan from 1941 to 1945 during World War II; British administration resumed after the surrender of Japan. The whole territory was transferred to China in 1997. As one of China's two special administrative regions (the other being Macau), Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under the principle of ""one country, two systems"". Originally a sparsely populated area of farming and fishing villages, the territory has become one of the world's most significant financial centres and commercial ports. As of 2021, it is the world's ninth-largest exporter and eight-largest importer. Hong Kong has a market economy characterised by a focus on services, low taxation and free trade; its currency, the Hong Kong dollar, is the eighth most traded currency in the world. Hong Kong is home to the third-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world, the second-highest number of billionaires of any city in Asia, and the largest concentration of ultra high-net-worth individuals of any city in the world. Although the city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, severe income inequality exists among the population. Most notably, housing in Hong Kong has been well-documented to experience a chronic persistent shortage; the extremely compact house sizes and the extremely high housing density are the effects of Hong Kong's housing market being the most expensive housing in the world. Hong Kong is a highly developed territory and has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.952, ranking fourth in the world. The city has the largest number of skyscrapers of any city in the world, and its residents have some of the highest life expectancies in the world. The dense space has led to a highly developed transportation network with public transport rates exceeding 90%. Hong Kong is ranked 3rd in the Global Financial Centres Index.","Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delta in South China. With 7.5 million residents of various nationalities in a 1,104-square-kilometre (426 sq mi) territory, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world. Hong Kong is also a major global financial centre and one of the most developed cities in the world. Hong Kong was established as a colony of the British Empire after the Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island from Xin'an County at the end of the First Opium War in 1841 then again in 1842. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. British Hong Kong was occupied by Imperial Japan from 1941 to 1945 during World War II; British administration resumed after the surrender of Japan. The whole territory was transferred to China in 1997. As one of China's two special administrative regions (the other being Macau), Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under the principle of ""one country, two systems"". Originally a sparsely populated area of farming and fishing villages, the territory has become one of the world's most significant financial centres and commercial ports. As of 2021, it is the world's ninth-largest exporter and eight-largest importer. Hong Kong has a market economy characterised by a focus on services, low taxation and free trade; its currency, the Hong Kong dollar, is the eighth most traded currency in the world. Hong Kong is home to the third-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world, the second-highest number of billionaires of any city in Asia, and the largest concentration of ultra high-net-worth individuals of any city in the world. Although the city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, severe income inequality exists among the population. Most notably, housing in Hong Kong has been well-documented to experience a chronic persistent shortage; the extremely compact house sizes and the extremely high housing density are the effects of Hong Kong's housing market being the most expensive housing in the world. Hong Kong is a highly developed territory and has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.952, ranking fourth in the world. The city has the largest number of skyscrapers of any city in the world, and its residents have some of the highest life expectancies in the world. The dense space has led to a highly developed transportation network with public transport rates exceeding 90%. Hong Kong is ranked 3rd in the Global Financial Centres Index.",closed_qa Write critical success factors for a proposal to a company called ABC for an Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) effort,,"CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS The following factors will be critical to the successful integration of the ABC's Operational Support Systems: Project Management – Strong project management and planning will ensure an organized and cohesive solution. Excellent communication, aggressive issue resolution management, and planning materials will ensure deadlines are met, objectives remain focused, and costs are managed. The variety of vendors, system and process owners involved in an EAI effort requires a significant coordination effort to ensure success. Knowledge of Telecommunications Operational Business Practices – ABC must employ the services of an experienced Telecommunications consulting company to ensure business needs are met during the OSS EAI effort. Understanding of ABC business needs in implementing this EAI project is critical in ensuring the appropriate implementation strategy and successful rollout of the integration. Enterprise Application Integration Expertise – It is critical that the selected vendor have extensive experience in planning, designing, and developing integration approaches, architectures, and frameworks to integrate complex Telecommunication OSS systems. Knowledge Transfer – In order to maintain a consistent level of operation and support, it is critical that ABC employees are imparted with the necessary knowledge to successfully transition into the primary roles that support their systems and future integration efforts. Documentation, personal attention, and other resources are vital to this knowledge transfer and critical to ABC’s ability to succeed as a growing service provider.",creative_writing Which is a species of fish? Grass carp or Grass,,Grass carp,classification What is the difference between oxfords and derbys?,,Oxfords traditionally have closed lacing and are seen as more formal. Derbys on the other hand have an open lacing system and are thus more informal,open_qa What are some horror movies from 1987?,,"There were many horror movies that were released in 1987. Here is a list of a few of them: Evil Dead II Hellraiser Opera Predator Bad Taste A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors",brainstorming Please extract the stops of the South Western Mail in order in a list delimited by underscores and exclude return service.,"The South Western Mail was introduced as a twice weekly service in 1910. Upon the opening of the line to Dirranbandi, the train departed Brisbane at 20:45, arrived at Warwick 04:00, Goondiwindi 10:00 and Dirranbandi 16:30. The return service departed 11.30, arrived Goondiwindi 17.35, Warwick 23.35 and Brisbane 07.10 the following morning.",Brisbane_Warwick_Goondiwindi_Dirranbandi,information_extraction Can you tell me about the history of sports in Philadelphia?,"Philadelphia is one of thirteen cities that hosts teams in the ""Big Four"" major sports leagues in North America, and Philadelphia is one of just four cities in which one team from every league plays within city limits. These major sports teams are the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB), the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL), the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League (NHL). Each team has played in Philadelphia since at least the 1960s, and each team has won at least two championships. Since 2010, the Greater Philadelphia area also has been the home of the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer (MLS), making the Philadelphia market one of only nine cities that hosts a team in the five major sports leagues. Prior to the 1980s, Philadelphia was home to several other notable professional franchises, including the Philadelphia Athletics, the Frankford Yellow Jackets, the Philadelphia Warriors, the Philadelphia Quakers, Philadelphia Atoms, and the Philadelphia Field Club.","Philadelphia host teams in the 4 major sport leagues. Over the years, there has been varying success from the teams. In some years, there have been teams at the bottom of the league. Most years, teams are within reach of the league championship. Philadelphia Phillies and Philadelphia Eagles have been teams with the most success with both teams ending as runner up to the league championship. The Philadelphia Sixers has been a top tier team but has not been able to get past the second round of playoffs in the last few years. Philadelphia sports fans are notoriously loyal, demanding of their players and aggressive against fans of opposing team fans.",information_extraction Tell me few brainstorming techniques,,"Mind-Mapping - is where you write down a central idea or problem and then create branches of related idea around it. You can add sub-branches and idea to each branch, creating a visual map of ideas and connections Free-Writing - is where you set a timer for a specific amount of time and then write down idea that comes to mind, without stopping to edit or censor. Goal is to generate as many ideas as possible in a shortest amount of time Role-Playing - is where you assign different roles or personas to participants in the session. Example, one person can play role of a customer, another of a competitor and so on. This help participants to see things in different perspective and generate new ideas",brainstorming "Which months of the year are considered summer, spring, winter and autumn.",,"Seasons depend on where you live. In the US, summer is usually June through August. Spring is March through May. Fall is September through November. Winter is December through February.",classification "Given the reference text about the marathon, who currently holds the men's record in the marathon?","World records were not officially recognized by the IAAF until 1 January 2004; previously, the best times for the marathon were referred to as the 'world best'. Courses must conform to IAAF standards for a record to be recognized. However, marathon routes still vary greatly in elevation, course, and surface, making exact comparisons impossible. Typically, the fastest times are set over relatively flat courses near sea level, during good weather conditions and with the assistance of pacesetters. The current world record time for men over the distance is 2 hours 1 minute and 09 seconds, set in the Berlin Marathon by Eliud Kipchoge of Kenya on 25 September 2022, an improvement of 30 seconds over the previous record also set in the Berlin Marathon by Eliud Kipchoge, on 16 September 2018. The world record for women was set by Brigid Kosgei of Kenya in the Chicago Marathon on 13 October 2019, in 2 hours 14 minutes and 4 seconds who broke the record Paula Radcliffe of Great Britain had set over 16 years earlier at the London Marathon.","The current men's world record in the marathon is held by Eliud Kipchoge, who ran the Berlin Marathon on September 25th 2022 with a time of 2 hours 1 minute and 09 seconds.",closed_qa Based on the following passage when do schools close and resume after summer holidays in the United States?,"Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary. Many families will take holidays for a week or two over summer, particularly in Southern Hemisphere Western countries with statutory Christmas and New Year holidays. In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August. In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August. Similarly, in Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August. In the Southern Hemisphere, school summer holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year. In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June. In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October.","In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August.",information_extraction Is there a New York Hotel in Salt Lake City,"The New York Hotel in Salt Lake City, Utah, at 42 Post Office Pl., was built in 1906. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It was a work of leading Salt Lake City architect Richard K.A. Kletting. It is a three-story brick building designed to have shops on the ground floor and 62 hotel rooms above. Some hotel room suites had bathrooms; there were also single rooms served by a bathroom on each floor. It was ""completely modern"" in 1906, having both steam heat and electric lights. The building is 49 feet (15 m) tall; the first/second/third floors are 14 feet (4.3 m), 10 feet (3.0 m), and 10.5 feet (3.2 m) tall, respectively. It was built as a luxury hotel for Orange J. Salisbury, a mining engineer and businessman who obtained patents and started the United Filter Corporation.","The New York Hotel in Salt Lake City, Utah, at 42 Post Office Pl., was built in 1906. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It was a work of leading Salt Lake City architect Richard K.A. Kletting. It is a three-story brick building designed to have shops on the ground floor and 62 hotel rooms above. Some hotel room suites had bathrooms; there were also single rooms served by a bathroom on each floor. It was ""completely modern"" in 1906, having both steam heat and electric lights. The building is 49 feet (15 m) tall; the first/second/third floors are 14 feet (4.3 m), 10 feet (3.0 m), and 10.5 feet (3.2 m) tall, respectively. It was built as a luxury hotel for Orange J. Salisbury, a mining engineer and businessman who obtained patents and started the United Filter Corporation.",closed_qa "Which is an imperial or a metric measurement: mile, kilometre",,"mile is imperial, kilometre is metric",classification "Tell me whether this is a list of flowers or trees: oak, aspen, fir, maple, and redwood.",,These are trees rather than flowers.,classification Where does the sun rise and set?,,"The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west.",open_qa How do you fix a puncture on a Mountain Bike?,,"Step 1. Find the puncture Using the valve as your starting point, closely inspect the tread of the tyre to find the cause of the puncture. Pay close attention to the sidewalls (the non-treaded portion on the side of the tyre where the pressure and size information is printed/moulded) to make sure there are no tears or holes. Remove any glass, grit or other debris that you spot. A small flat-head screwdriver or awl is the best tool for this, but be careful not to dig too deep. A small set of pliers can also be useful for removing embedded thorns. Even if you find one possible cause of the puncture, continue checking the tyre thoroughly until you get back to the valve because there could well be more. Step 2. Remove the inner tube Let the air out of the inner tube and push the valve up into the tyre, unscrewing and retaining the valve lockring if fitted. On the side of the wheel opposite the valve, slip a tyre lever under the tyre’s bead and a further tyre lever about roughly 5cm away. Pull the nearer tyre lever towards you, lifting the tyre’s bead over the edge of the rim. Continue until one bead of the tyre is completely free of the rim then pull the tube out. Remove the tyre completely from the rim – with most tyres this can be done by hand unless they are exceptionally tight. Step 3. Locate the puncture on the inner tube If you are just going to replace the inner tube, move to step 6. If you want to patch the inner tube – and you ought to, it’s not that hard! – inflate the tube and listen for air escaping. If you’re struggling to find the hole by listening alone, try passing your lips over the top of the tube. If the hole still can’t be found, re-inflate the tube and pass it through a bowl of water, or rub the tube down with soapy water, until you spot escaping bubbles. Be sure to dry the tube before proceeding to the next step. Step 4. Prepare the inner tube for patching Select an appropriately sized patch – if in doubt, err on the side of caution and use a bigger rather than smaller patch. Roughen the surface of the tube around the hole with sandpaper (usually included with any good puncture repair kit). Ensure that any moulding marks on the tube are completely flattened down because these can cause issues when glueing. Thoroughly brush off any rubber ‘shavings’. Cleanliness is key when repairing a puncture. If you’re using pre-glued patches – such as Park’s popular GP-2 patch kit – you can now patch the hole. Thoroughly press down on the patch to ensure it’s fully in contact with the tube. If you’re using a ‘traditional’ glue-on patch kit, start by applying a generous drop of glue – or rubber cement by its proper name – to the tube and spread this across an area slightly larger than the patch you intend to use. Allow this to dry. Similarly, apply a second, thinner layer. Once again, allow to dry – when the glue is dry, its surface will change from a shiny to a matte finish. The key to ensuring a good long-lasting puncture repair is patience, so don’t rush this step. Step 5. Patching an inner tube Firmly press the patch into place after removing the backing foil – cleanliness is also key to a good repair, so leave removing the foil until the very last moment. If there’s a thin cellophane backing on the patch, it can be left on. It’s good practice to dust any stray glue with chalk, talcum powder or fine road dust to prevent it from sticking to the inside of the tyre casing. Step 6. Inspect the tyre casing and rim tape Before refitting the tube, thoroughly double/triple-check the inside of the tyre casing – there’s nothing more frustrating than going to the effort of patching a tube only to puncture it again with a stray thorn you may have missed. It’s also good practice to check the rim tape. If a hard plastic rim strip – often found on cheaper bikes – is torn, it leaves a sharp edge that can easily slice a tube. Likewise, if your rim tape has slipped, it can leave eyelets or spoke holes exposed, which can also puncture a tube. If you have persistent problems with your rim tape puncturing your tube, try swapping it out for new tape tape Step 7. Refit the tyre After repairing the tube and thoroughly checking the tyre, refit one side of the tyre – one bead, to use the correct term – to the rim. Slightly inflate the tube (just enough to give it structure) and refit it to the wheel, putting the valve through its hole first. Starting at the opposite side of the rim to the valve, use your thumbs to lift the tyre’s bead over the rim. Work your way around the rim until there’s just one small section of the tyre left. Push the valve up into the tyre and then, using your thumbs, ease the remaining section of the tyre’s bead over the edge of the rim. If the tyre is particularly tight, avoid the temptation to use a tyre lever to push the last section of the tyre onto the rim – you’ll almost certainly pinch your inner tube doing so. If you’re struggling to pop the tyre onto the wheel, try putting the tyre on the ground, holding it in place with your feet and rolling the bead back toward you – heavy gloves really help here. This takes a little practice but should work with even the most stubborn tyres. Step 8. Check the repair and inflate the tyre Check that the tube isn’t trapped between the rim and the tyre bead by working your way around the tyre, pushing the bead into the well of the rim. If the tube is trapped, try ‘massaging’ the tyre to encourage it to seat properly. Pumping it up a small amount may also help to seat the tube properly. Inflate the tyre to a point where it feels soft but has maintained its shape. Then check that the moulding mark around the tyre follows the rim evenly all the way around. If not, deflate a little and ease any high spots down and pull low spots up until the bead is fitted evenly. Inflate fully and check once again that the tyre’s bead is still seated evenly and that the tyre isn’t lifting off the rim at any point, then adjust your pressures to suit.",brainstorming How often should I walk my adult dog?,,"Depending on the age of your dog, you may find that your dog likes to take walks 3-6 times a day. To make sure your adult dog pees and poops regularly during the day, your dog would appreciate a walk at least every 6 hours. Walks usually last around 15 minutes but the longer the walk the better.",creative_writing "Identify which of the following are episode titles from ""The X-Files"": The Pine Bluff Variant, My Teacher is an Alien, Memento Mori, The Day the Earth Stood Still, Millennium, Arcadia, The Matrix",,"The Pine Bluff Variant, Memento Mori, Millennium, Arcadia",classification The Khongjom Day is celebrated by which Indian state,,Khongjom Day is celebrated by Manipur to honor the brave heroes of 1891 Anglo-Manipur war.,open_qa What is a Fully paid share?,,A share becomes fully paid when the company issuing it has received all the money due for the share.,open_qa "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Turkey, European goldfinch",,"Turkey is domesticated, European goldfinch is wild.",classification Please summarize how to create printable models on my 3D printer?,"3D printable models may be created with a computer-aided design (CAD) package, via a 3D scanner, or by a plain digital camera and photogrammetry software. 3D printed models created with CAD result in relatively fewer errors than other methods. Errors in 3D printable models can be identified and corrected before printing. The manual modeling process of preparing geometric data for 3D computer graphics is similar to plastic arts such as sculpting. 3D scanning is a process of collecting digital data on the shape and appearance of a real object, creating a digital model based on it.",A 3D printable model can be created by either 3D scanning a physical object or a manual modeling process via computer-aided design (CAD).,summarization Are tequila and mezcal basically the same thing?,"Mezcal is made from over 30 agave species, varieties, and subvarieties, in contrast with tequila, which is made only with blue agave. Of many agave species that can be used to make mezcal, seven are particularly notable. There is no exhaustive list, as the regulations allow any agaves, provided that they are not used as the primary material in other governmental Denominations of Origin. However, the interpretation of this regulation to mean that mezcal cannot be made from blue agave may be a mistranslation. The term silvestre ""wild"" is sometimes found, but simply means that the agaves are wild (foraged, not cultivated); it is not a separate variety.","Tequila and mezcal are similar in some ways, but they also have one distinct difference. Both liquors are made from agave. Tequila, however, is restricted to using only blue agave in its production process. Technically tequila is a type of mezcal because mezcal encompasses all liquors made from any type of agave. But unless blue agave is used to produce the liquor, it is not tequila.",summarization Why are the Green Bay Packers called the Packers?,"Needing to outfit his new squad, team founder Curly Lambeau solicited funds from his employer, the Indian Packing Company. He was given $500 for uniforms and equipment in return for the team being named for its sponsor. An early newspaper article referred to the fledglings as ""the Indians"", but by the time they played their first game ""Packers"" had taken hold. Indian Packing was purchased in 1920 by the Acme Packing Company. Acme continued to support the team, which played its first NFL season with ""ACME PACKERS"" emblazoned on its jerseys.","The Green Bay Packers are called the Packers because in 1920, the team founder, Curly Lambeau asked his employer, the Indian Packing Company for money to help buy uniforms and equipement. In return for the funding, the team was named after the sponser.",information_extraction Give me a list of animals you might raise for milk,,"Sheep, Goats, Cows",brainstorming Is it easier to travel with a baby or a toddler?,,"Most people have found that traveling is a baby is much easier. This is largely because they are not yet fully mobile and haven't learned to walk or run just yet. Babies are considered infants under the age of 1. Traveling with a baby or a toddler still requires a lot of ""stuff"", but babies are typically more easily entertained by everyday random objects, such as a cup, or a napkin, etc, whereas toddlers are further along in the developmental journey and need more stimulation, especially on a long journey. Babies are also small enough to wear in a baby carrier, leaving parents hands-free to be able to juggle the copious amounts of luggage and toys needed when traveling with little ones. Babies are typically easier to travel with on planes as they still sleep for more hours than they're typically awake. According to many studies, the ideal age to travel with children is between 4 months to a year.",creative_writing What are the benefits if I could turn my head around like an Owl?,,"If humans achieved the ability to turn their head 270 degrees they would attain the following benefits. 1. Situational awareness would increase with the ability to hear and view almost 360 degrees. Making it easier to identify and defend against predators 2. Better skeletal utilization in sports, theater viewing by utilizing chairs that prioritize space efficiency vs ergonomic efficiency. 3. Relief for side sleepers by making it possible for people to sleep on their back or stomach",brainstorming What climate are cacti typically found in?,,Cacti are plants that are specialized for growing in desert climates.,open_qa Name late 19th century scientists credited with making electricity an essential tool for modern life.,"Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the ""Thunderer of the Nile"", and described them as the ""protectors"" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by electric catfish and electric rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. Patients with ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them. Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing. Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. According to a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge of electroplating, based on the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though it is uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature. Electricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when the English scientist William Gilbert wrote De Magnete, in which he made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishing the lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber. He coined the New Latin word electricus (""of amber"" or ""like amber"",, elektron, the Greek word for ""amber"") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed. This association gave rise to the English words ""electric"" and ""electricity"", which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646. Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827. Electricity and magnetism (and light) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his ""On Physical Lines of Force"" in 1861 and 1862.  While the early 19th century had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering. Through such people as Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets, energising electrons. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for ""his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"". The photoelectric effect is also employed in photocells such as can be found in solar panels. The first solid-state device was the ""cat's-whisker detector"" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect. In a solid-state component, the current is confined to solid elements and compounds engineered specifically to switch and amplify it. Current flow can be understood in two forms: as negatively charged electrons, and as positively charged electron deficiencies called holes. These charges and holes are understood in terms of quantum physics. The building material is most often a crystalline semiconductor. Solid-state electronics came into its own with the emergence of transistor technology. The first working transistor, a germanium-based point-contact transistor, was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947, followed by the bipolar junction transistor in 1948.","While the early 19th century had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering. Through such people as Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life.",information_extraction Which is the best work from Goethe?,"The most important of Goethe's works produced before he went to Weimar were Götz von Berlichingen (1773), a tragedy that was the first work to bring him recognition, and the novel The Sorrows of Young Werther (German: Die Leiden des jungen Werthers) (1774), which gained him enormous fame as a writer in the Sturm und Drang period which marked the early phase of Romanticism. Indeed, Werther is often considered to be the ""spark"" which ignited the movement, and can arguably be called the world's first ""best-seller"". During the years at Weimar before he met Schiller in 1794, he began Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship and wrote the dramas Iphigenie auf Tauris (Iphigenia in Tauris), Egmont, and Torquato Tasso and the fable Reineke Fuchs.To the period of his friendship with Schiller belong the conception of Wilhelm Meister's Journeyman Years (the continuation of Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship), the idyll of Hermann and Dorothea, the Roman Elegies and the verse drama The Natural Daughter. In the last period, between Schiller's death, in 1805, and his own, appeared Faust Part One (1808), Elective Affinities (1809), the West-Eastern Diwan (an 1819 collection of poems in the Persian style, influenced by the work of Hafez), his autobiographical Aus meinem Leben: Dichtung und Wahrheit (From My Life: Poetry and Truth, published between 1811 and 1833) which covers his early life and ends with his departure for Weimar, his Italian Journey (1816–17), and a series of treatises on art. Faust, Part Two was completed before his 1832 death and published posthumously later that year. His writings were immediately influential in literary and artistic circles.","Assuming that literature is not an exact science and that works cannot be divided into objectively assessable works, such as good, bad or excellent, and that Goethe created a large number of pieces, I will answer the question as follows: The most important works for Goethe are Goetz von Berlichingen and The Sorrows of Young Werther, since these works gave him initial fame in the Sturm und Drang period.",closed_qa "Group these colors based on their warmth and coldness; red, yellow, purple, orange, green, blue",,"Sure! Red, orange, and yellow are warm colors. Blue, purple, and green are cool colors.",classification Which Dickens novel is considered an autobiography,,David Copperfield,open_qa List the best toys for toddlers?,,"1. Tonies Box 2. Fisher Price Little People Sets 3. Dress up 4. Music, drums, keyboard, microphones etc 5. Play food 6. Play Dough 7. Doctor 8. Fishing 9. Sandbox 10. Slides",brainstorming What professional tournaments did Liang win during his career?,"Career Amateur years As an amateur, Liang's major feats were as follows: 2003 IBSF World Snooker Championship, men's division, quarter-finalist 2004 IBSF World Snooker Championship, under-21 division, semi-finalist 2005 International Open Series, under-21 division, no. 4 runner-up Liang built on the positive start to his snooker career, winning an individual silver medal and a team gold medal at the 2006 Asian Games. 2004/2005 Liang began his professional career during the 2004–05 snooker season playing on the Challenge Tour, which is the tier below the World Snooker Association Main Tour. He finished a mediocre 104th out of 168 competitors, having only accumulated 2150 points. 2005/2006 Liang received a wildcard nomination to the Main Tour despite not qualifying directly; this was because he won the 2005 IBSF World Under-21 Championship, and also because not all of the players that were eligible for the Main Tour took their places. In his first ranking tournament, the Grand Prix, he lost in the first qualifying round to Rory McLeod 2–5. He fared better in the next ranking event, the UK Championship, where he almost whitewashed Alfred Burden in the first qualifying round 9–1, but subsequently lost in the second qualifying round to Marcus Campbell by the narrowest of margins, 8–9. Liang qualified for his first ranking event at the Welsh Open, beating Sean Storey, Jamie Burnett and Rory McLeod to reach the main draw. He defeated Nigel Bond in the first round 5–0, but his run was halted when he lost to Graeme Dott 3–5. At the Malta Cup, however, he lost in the first qualifying round to Paul Davies 3–5. At the China Open, he beat David McDonnell and Matthew Couch before losing against Adrian Gunnell 3–5 in the third qualifying round. He ended the season falling at the first hurdle at the World Championship, losing to Joe Delaney 5–10 in the first qualifying round. Liang ended his debut season on the professional tour ranked 78th, a position that would not guarantee a place in the following season's tour; however, he had finished inside the top 8 of the one year ranking list, which qualified him for a place on the main tour for the next season. 2006/2007 During the 2006–07 season, Liang reached at least the second round of qualifying in every ranking event. At the Northern Ireland Trophy, he beat Robert Stephen 5–0 before falling to David Gilbert 0–5 in qualifying. However, at the Grand Prix, Liang came top of his qualifying group, above more experienced players such as Gerard Greene and Barry Pinches. He finished fourth in his group at the round-robin stage, and although he did not progress to the next round, he did beat former world champion and world number one Stephen Hendry 3–0. At the UK Championship, he lost in the second round of qualifying to Jamie Burnett 7–9. In the following ranking event, the Malta Cup, he lost to Joe Jogia 3–5, again in the second round of qualifying. He qualified for the Welsh Open, his third ranking tournament, by beating Dene O'Kane, Joe Jogia and Mark Davis. He met Nigel Bond again in the last 48, this time losing only 3–5. At the China Open, he continued his run of reaching the second round of qualifying in every ranking tournament, and beat Robert Stephen before losing to Finland's Robin Hull. At the World Championship, he beat Jeff Cundy before losing to Mike Dunn. After a modest season, he improved on his tour ranking by finishing in 66th place, just outside the top 64; and he topped the one year ranking list to ensure his place on the WSA Tour for next season. 2007/2008 Liang started the season by almost qualifying for the Shanghai Masters, however Nigel Bond beat him 5–3 in the last qualifying round, preventing him from appearing at his home tournament. At the Grand Prix, he could not repeat the success of last season and failed to qualify, finishing third on frame difference. He had more luck at the next tournament, the Northern Ireland Trophy, where he won through the qualifying rounds, beating Fraser Patrick, Joe Delaney and Rory McLeod on the way. He faced Gerard Greene in the last 48, but lost 2–5. He had less success at the UK Championship, losing in the second qualifying round to David Roe 2–9. He also failed to qualify for the Welsh Open, when he was dispatched in the last qualifying round by Andrew Norman 2–5. He fell at the first hurdle at his other home tournament, the China Open, losing in the first qualifying round to Steve Mifsud, who at the end of this season was ranked 54 places below Liang. At the World Championship, Liang was the third Chinese player to qualify for the main draw, defeating Ben Woollaston, Rod Lawler, David Gilbert and Ian McCulloch in the qualifying rounds. He met Ken Doherty in the first round of the championship, and defeated him 10–5. Before the start of this match, he accidentally entered the arena at the same time as the match officials and had to hurry back; he subsequently received a warm ovation when he entered the arena for a second time after being introduced by MC Rob Walker. For every session thereafter, Walker introduced him as ""Should he stay or should he go... Liang Wenbo"", despite the rhyme occurring due to a mispronunciation of his name (""bo"" is pronounced ""bwor"" in Chinese). Liang faced Northern Ireland's Joe Swail in the last 16 of the tournament. In a humorous incident, Liang fluked a red after scattering the balls, but failed to notice and went back to his seat. To the amusement of the spectators, Swail pointed out the mistake and the referee called Liang back to the table. In the 23rd frame, with a 12–10 lead, Liang prematurely celebrated winning the match after potting ""match ball"", only to then lose the frame due to a snooker; Swail came back to level the match at 12–12. In the final frame, Liang made early breaks of 34 and 30. He missed the final yellow but snookered Swail, leaving the cue ball in the jaws of the pocket. Liang followed up with a safety shot but Swail snookered him behind the blue; Liang failed to hit the yellow ball so Swail had the white replaced. In his second attempt, Liang hit the yellow directly and went on to win the frame 74–34, and thus the match, 13–12. The incident in the last frame proved controversial as the referee replaced the cue ball in the wrong position, giving Liang a better sight of the yellow. At the time, Swail nodded his assent to the referee, but he complained in a post-match interview that Liang had behaved unprofessionally by not pointing out the referee's error. Commentators countered that Swail should have queried the placement of the ball before Liang took his shot, and that, given the tension of the situation, Liang could be forgiven for not thinking clearly. Liang faced eventual champion Ronnie O'Sullivan in the quarter-final, taking the first two frames with a break of 80 in the first, but O'Sullivan had levelled the match 4–4 by the end of the first session. O'Sullivan eased ahead in the second session and eventually won the match 13–7. Liang's run to the quarter-finals of the World Championship gained him 5000 ranking points, boosting his final ranking to number 40 in the world. This guaranteed that he would only have to win two qualifying matches to enter the main draw of the ranking tournaments the following season. 2008/2009 Liang began the new season by qualifying for the last 48 of the Northern Ireland Trophy. He then beat Steve Davis and Peter Ebdon to reach the last 16, where he lost to John Higgins 1–5. This result lifted him to a provisional career high of 26 in the world. He reached the main draw of the Grand Prix by winning two qualifying matches, but then succumbed to Ronnie O'Sullivan in the first round of the main draw. He then made a 147 and three other centuries (including two total clearances of 139) in a 5–1 victory over Martin Gould in the third qualifying round of the Bahrain Championship. However, he failed to qualify for the main draw, losing 2–5 to Michael Judge. For the two Chinese events on this season's tour, Liang's two qualifying matches were held over until the venue stages. At the 2008 Shanghai Masters, he defeated Atthasit Mahitthi and Mark Allen to reach the main draw, but lost to Ryan Day 0–5 in the first round. Ironically, his second qualifying match for the Welsh Open was held over to ensure that his Welsh opponent Dominic Dale played at the main venue in Newport. Liang ended the season at the World Championship, after defeating Dave Harold 10–3 in the last qualifying round. He lost in the first round of the main draw 8–10 against Ding Junhui. 2009/2010 In July 2009, Liang won his first professional title, the Beijing International Challenge, beating world number 2 Stephen Maguire 7–6 in the final. He made a further breakthrough in August when he reached the final of the Shanghai Masters, becoming only the second Chinese player, and the fourth Asian man, to reach a ranking final. He ultimately finished runner-up to Ronnie O'Sullivan. Liang qualified for the Grand Prix but was defeated 2–5 by Peter Ebdon in the first round, winning the first two frames and losing the last five in succession. Prior to this meeting, he had played Ebdon twice, winning 5–1 and 5–0. He reached the quarter-finals of the UK Championship after defeating Ryan Day 9–3, and Mark King 9–2. He went on to lose 2–9 to John Higgins in the quarter-finals. He failed to qualify for the Welsh Open and the China Open, as he lost 3–5 against Michael Judge and 2–5 against Andrew Higginson respectively. Liang qualified for the World Championships by defeating Rod Lawler 10–2. He was drawn against Ronnie O'Sullivan, but lost 7–10. After the quarter-finals of the event, it was clear that Liang would be ranked as number 16 the following season, the only new player entering the top 16 that season. 2010/2011 Liang began the season at the Wuxi Classic, where he lost in the first round 2–5 against Marco Fu. He participated at the Beijing International Challenge to defend his first professional title, but lost in the semi-finals 4–6 against eventual winner Tian Pengfei. Liang failed to qualify for the World Open, as he lost 1–3 against Andrew Higginson and lost his first round match at the Shanghai Masters 3–5 against Matthew Stevens. Having started the season inside the top 16, his results were not sufficient to maintain that position and he slipped out of the top 16. After this, he lost his qualifying matches in the five ranking tournaments. Liang also participated at the Players Tour Championship, his best performance coming at the third European event, where he reached the final, but lost 0–4 against Marcus Campbell. After 12 out of 12 events, he was ranked 14th in the Players Tour Championship Order of Merit. He lost his first round match at the Finals 1–4 against Ricky Walden. 2011/2012 Liang and Ding Junhui represented China at the World Cup and they won in the final 4–2 against the Northern Ireland team. During his match against Matthew Stevens in the first round of Australian Goldfields Open, Liang had a chance to make his second maximum break in his career, but he snookered himself on the yellow ball, and the break ended at 120. He won the match 5–4 to reach the second round, where he lost 4–5 against Ken Doherty. He also qualified for the Shanghai Masters, but lost in the first round 1–5 against Neil Robertson. After this, he was unable to qualify for the next two ranking events, as he lost 2–6 against Michael White at the UK Championship, and 3–5 against Liu Chuang at the German Masters. In December 2011, Liang joined Romford-based snooker Academy and management team Grove Leisure. He beat David Gilbert and Rory McLeod, both 4–1, to reach the first round of the Welsh Open, where he faced John Higgins and was this time on the wrong end of a 4–1 scoreline. He narrowly missed out on a place in the World Open as he was defeated 4–5 by Mark King in the final round of qualifying. He also lost in qualifying for the China Open to the eventual winner of the event Peter Ebdon 0–5. Liang played in eleven of the twelve minor-ranking PTC events throughout the season, with a best finish in Event 10, where he lost in the quarter-finals to Dominic Dale. He also reached the last 16 in two other events to finish 38th in the PTC Order of Merit, outside of the top 24 who qualified for the Finals. He qualified for the World Championship by defeating Marcus Campbell 10–9. He had led the match 8–2 and 9–5 before Campbell took it to 9–9, at which point the match was suspended to allow players on the other tables to begin their sessions. Liang subsequently won the decider with a 72 break and played defending champion Higgins again in the first round. He was involved in another final-frame decider, but was this time on the losing end as he bowed out of the tournament on the opening day, 9–10. He finished the season ranked world number 37. 2012/2013 Liang lost in qualifying for both the Wuxi Classic and the Shanghai Masters to Rod Lawler. He reached the venue stage of the Australian Goldfields Open by beating Thanawat Thirapongpaiboon, but lost 3–5 in the first round against Matthew Stevens. Liang beat Anthony McGill and Andrew Higginson to qualify for the UK Championship, where he saw a 4–3 lead in the first round against Barry Hawkins turn into a 4–6 defeat. Liang failed to qualify for the next two events, but won two matches to enter the main draw of both the Welsh Open and the China Open. In Wales he lost 2–4 to local favourite Stevens in the first round, and in his homeland of China he beat Lu Ning 5–1 in the wildcard round, before losing 3–5 to Stuart Bingham in the first round. Liang had a very consistent season in the Players Tour Championship series as he advanced to, but not past, the last 16 in five of the ten events. This saw him placed 27th on the PTC Order of Merit, one spot short of making the Finals. Liang's season ended when he was beaten 6–10 by Mark Davis in the final round of World Championship Qualifying. His end of year ranking was world number 32. 2013/2014 Liang Wenbo at the 2014 German Masters In July 2013, Liang reached the final of the World Games but lost in the gold medal match 0–3 to Aditya Mehta. He had an excellent season in the Asian Tour events by reaching the semi-finals of the Zhangjiagang Open where he was defeated 1–4 by Michael Holt and at the Zhengzhou Open, where Liang won his first individual title on the World Snooker Tour. He beat Anthony McGill 4–3 in the semi-finals before whitewashing Lü Haotian 4–0 to claim the £10,000 first prize. In the full ranking events, Liang won five successive frames against defending world champion Ronnie O'Sullivan in the second round of the International Championship to triumph 6–4 which marked his first ever success over his opponent having lost in all four previous attempts. He then thrashed Mark Davis 6–1 to reach the quarter-finals of a ranking event for the first time in four years, where he lost 3–6 against Graeme Dott. Liang reached the last 16 of both the German Masters and Welsh Open, losing 2–5 to Mark Davis and 2–4 to Barry Hawkins respectively. A second final on the Asian Tour followed at the Dongguan Open where Stuart Bingham made four breaks above 50 to defeat him 4–1, but Liang still topped the Order of Merit to qualify for the Finals. There, he was beaten 2–4 by Yu Delu and Liang was defeated 7–10 by Martin Gould in the final round of World Championship qualifying. 2014/2015 Liang overcame Jamie Burnett 5–1 in the first round of the 2014 Wuxi Classic, and then inflicted the first defeat on Mark Selby since he won the World Championship, beating him 5–3. In the last 16, Liang was knocked out 2–5 by Joe Perry. He lost 3–5 against Robert Milkins in the opening round of the Australian Goldfields Open, and in the wildcard round of the Shanghai Masters 1–5 to Yan Bingtao. He failed to get past the last 64 of the next two ranking events, but won two matches to reach the German Masters, where he eliminated Li Hang 5–1 in the first round. He reached the quarter-finals by coming back from 3–4 down against Stuart Bingham to win 5–4 on the final pink. He repeated this form when he edged Ryan Day 5–4 to play in his second career ranking event semi-final, where he took four frames in a row to hold a narrow 4–3 advantage over Shaun Murphy, before losing three successive frames in a 4–6 defeat. Liang did not drop a single frame in seeing off Cao Xinlong and Gerard Greene at the Welsh Open, but was then the victim of a whitewash by John Higgins in the third round. At the inaugural World Grand Prix, he lost 3–4 to Graeme Dott in the second round. In the final round of World Championship qualifying, he lost the last three frames against compatriot Zhang Anda to be narrowly defeated 9–10. 2015/2016 Liang was heavily beaten 2–8 by Thepchaiya Un-Nooh in the final of the 2015 Six-red World Championship. In the third round of the UK Championship, he took advantage of a collapse from Judd Trump to win 6–4 after trailing 1–4. He then saw off Tom Ford 6–5, after which Ford accused Liang of ""boring him off the table"" with slow play. Liang responded by opening his quarter-final match against Marco Fu with three centuries and hung on to edge it 6–5, then came from 2–4 behind to reach the final by beating David Grace 6–4. It was the first final in the history of the event to feature two players from outside the United Kingdom; Liang lost the match 5–10 to eventual UK champion Neil Robertson. A week later, he progressed to the semi-finals of the Gibraltar Open, but was whitewashed 0–4 by Fu. Liang's UK final helped him break back into the top 16 in the world rankings to make his debut at the Masters, where he was knocked out 4–6 by John Higgins in the opening round. He was whitewashed 0–4 by Shaun Murphy in the quarter-finals of the World Grand Prix. After winning three matches to qualify for the World Championship, Liang lost 8–10 to Judd Trump after an earlier 7–3 lead. 2016/2017 In the first round of the Shanghai Masters, Liang was narrowly beaten 4–5 by Ronnie O'Sullivan. He won five matches at the English Open, which included a 4–3 second round victory over Shaun Murphy, to reach the semi-finals. From 3–4 down, Liang made breaks of 134 and 138 and Stuart Bingham made a 116 to lock the score at 5–5. Liang took the decider and then ended Judd Trump's 14-match winning streak in the final to win his maiden ranking title 9–6. He became the second player from mainland China to win a ranking event and thanked O'Sullivan (with whom he practises daily) for his help. The win also gave him entry to his first Champion of Champions where he lost 0–4 in the opening round to Mark Selby. In the Scottish Open, Liang reached the quarter-finals, where he lost to Yu Delu 4–5. In the Masters, he missed the final black, which would have seen him eliminate O'Sullivan 6–4 in the opening round of the Masters, instead going on to lose 5–6. A 4–0 thrashing of Dominic Dale and a pair of 4–3 victories over Mark Allen and Joe Perry moved Liang into the semi-finals of the World Grand Prix, where he was defeated 1–6 by Barry Hawkins. In the second round of the World Championship, Liang trailed Ding Junhui 2–6 after the first session and 7–9 after the second. He then won a trio of frames to take the lead in the match for the first time and would have been 12–11 ahead, one frame away from reaching the quarter-finals for the second time, but instead lost 12–13. After the event, his end-of-season ranking rose to 11, which was a career-high. 2017/2018 Though Liang had a decent campaign this season, he was unable to reach the same height as previous season. In his first round match against Ronnie O'Sullivan at the Masters. In a best -of-11 match, Liang led 5-4 up and only needed the final black in the 10th frame to guarantee his place in the quarter final; however, he missed the relatively easy black, and subsequently lost the frame and eventually the match. In his match against Rod Lawler in the World Championship Qualifying round, Liang made a 147 in the 10th frame, the third 147 in his career. But interestingly, he also had a chance to make another 147 in the 12th frame, but he missed the tricky final black. 2018/2019 Liang had a somewhat of a down season in the 2018/19 campaign. His best results came in the European Masters, China Open, and China Championship, in which he advanced to the third round. Liang only earned a total of 78,500 ranking points, which was 141,100 points shy from his best season in 2016/2017. 2019/2020 This season Liang saw some improvement in this form. His best result came in the UK Championship, in which he defeated Dominic Dale, David Grace, Eden Sharav, and Li Hang, before losing to the eventual champion Ding Junhui in the quarter final. Liang also reached the quarter final of the Gibraltar Open, losing 4–1 to Judd Trump.","In July 2009, Liang won his first professional title, the Beijing International Challenge. Liang also won the 2016 English Open.",summarization What are the best months to visit Alaska?,,Spring through summer are the best months to visit Alaska owing to warmer temperatures that fluctuate between 60F - 67F and the long days make it ideal for tourists to explore the state.,open_qa What type of creatures undergo Metamorphosis?,"Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops including birth transformation or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation. Some insects, fish, amphibians, mollusks, crustaceans, cnidarians, echinoderms, and tunicates undergo metamorphosis, which is often accompanied by a change of nutrition source or behavior. Animals can be divided into species that undergo complete metamorphosis (""holometaboly""), incomplete metamorphosis (""hemimetaboly""), or no metamorphosis (""ametaboly"").","Some insects, fish, amphibians, mollusks, crustaceans, cnidarians, echinoderms, and tunicates undergo metamorphosis",closed_qa How does an LCD panel work?,,"LCD stands for liquid crystal display. LCD panels are equipped with a backlight or reflector. Polarizers are used to modulate the light from the backlight for each pixels, and thus producing the image that you see on your screen.",open_qa "Identify which car manufacturer is Japanese or American: Isuzu, Cadillac",,"Isuzu is Japanese, Cadillac is American",classification Give me a list of common German car manufacturers,,"Here are some common German car manufacturers: Audi BMW Mercedes Benz Opel Porsche Volkswagen",brainstorming Where were the main branches of Gran Tavola?,"During the Middle Ages, the Gran Tavola (Italian for ""Great Table"") was the largest Sienese bank; it was one of the most powerful banks in Europe from 1255 to 1298. The Gran Tavola has been called ""the greatest bank of the thirteenth century"" as well as ""one of the largest commercial and banking enterprises in Europe"". The main branches of the Gran Tavola during the mid-thirteenth century were in Pisa, Bologna, Genoa, Marseille, and Paris.","Pisa, Bologna, Genoa, Marseille, and Paris",information_extraction I'm hosting a breakfast party - what should I serve?,,"Depending on how many people you're hosting and how much cooking you want to do the morning of, there are several options. If you're hosting a big group, it may be best to get the prep done ahead of time so you can enjoy the party. This could be achieved by setting up a bagel bar. Lay out platforms of assorted bagels, cream cheeses, and toppings. Some common topping examples are Lox, tomatoes, cucumbers, red onion and capers. Guest can then toast their own bagels and make a plate according to their preferences. Another option would be to prep and assemble breakfast casseroles the night before and pop them into the oven before you're due to eat. This way you can serve a hot breakfast without needing to do all the cooking the morning of. Here is a highly rated breakfast casserole recipe: Ingredients: - 1 x Bag Frozen Shredded Potatoes - 1 lb breakfast sausage meat - 1 chopped onion - 1 chopped pepper - Dozen Eggs - Shredded cheddar cheese Instructions - Cook chopped onion and pepper in olive oil for 5 minutes until soft. - Add in breakfast sausage into the pan and cook through. Be sure to break up sausage a you cook to avoid having big chunks. - In another pan try the shredded potato until crispy. - To assemble, layer the potato with the sausage mixture into a baking dish. - Scramble 12 eggs and a cup of shredded cheese - pour mixture over the sausage and potatoes. - Top with cheese and bake for 45 minutes at 350 degrees until the eggs are cooked through.",brainstorming What is Pickleball?,,"Pickleball is an indoor or outdoor racket/paddle sport where two players (singles), or four players (doubles), hit a perforated hollow plastic ball over a 36-inch-high (0.91 m) net using solid-faced paddles. Opponents on either side of the net hit the ball back and forth until one side commits a rule infraction. Pickleball was invented in 1965 as a children's backyard game on Bainbridge Island, Washington, US. In 2022, pickleball was adopted as the official state sport of Washington.",open_qa Who won the masters in golf in 2019?,,"Tiger Woods won his fifth Green Jacket, and fifteenth major, by one stroke ahead of three runners-up. It left him one shy of Jack Nicklaus's record six Masters wins, and three short of his record eighteen major wins. At age 43, he became the eleventh oldest player to win a major, and the second oldest Masters winner, again only bettered by Nicklaus who won at age 46. It was 11 years after his last major win, the 2008 U.S. Open, and 14 years since his last Masters win beating the previous record of 13 years held by Gary Player. Due to the high profile of Woods, and his storied fall from the top of the game due to personal issues and injuries, the victory generated a large amount of publicity around the world, and is regarded as one of the great sporting comebacks.",open_qa "When was HMS Glowworm (H92), a G-class destroyer launched?","Glowworm, was briefly the name of a coastal destroyer launched on 12 December 1906 and renamed HMS TB7. It was sold in May 1921. HMS Glowworm (1916), an Insect-class gunboat, launched on 5 February 1916 and sold in 1928. HMS Glowworm (H92), a G-class destroyer launched on 22 July 1935, sunk on 8 April 1940 by the German heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper off Norway. Glowworm was allocated to a G-class destroyer under construction at the William Denny shipyard at Dumbarton in 1945. The vessel was originally called HMS Guinevere but was renamed in September 1945 to HMS Glowworm, and renamed again in October to HMS Gift. Construction was cancelled on 1 December 1945 before completion.","The HMS Glowworm (H92), a G-class was launched in July 22nd, 1935.",closed_qa What is a typical Dutch tradition when a baby is born?,,"When a baby is born in the Netherlands, the typical traditional Dutch snack you can expect to be served when visiting the proud new parents is ""Beschuit met muisjes"". It consists of beschuit, which is a round, toasted, dry, and crunchy rusk, smeared butter, covered in ""muisjes"" (literal translation is little mice), which are sugar-coated aniseeds. The colour of the mice will pink if the baby is a girl, and blue for a boy.",open_qa What kind of college is the Alpha Eta Rho,"Alpha Eta Rho (ΑΗΡ) is a coed international professional college aviation fraternity that serves as a contact between the aviation industry and educational institutions. The fraternity strives to foster, promote, and mentor today's college students towards successful careers in aviation, aeronautical engineering, and aerospace sciences. Alpha Eta Rho serves to actively associate interested students of aviation with leaders and executives in the industry. This close association, strengthened through the bonds of an international aviation fraternity, establishes opportunities for all members in their relation to aviation and inspires interest and cooperation among those in the profession who are also members of Alpha Eta Rho. Established in 1929, it is the oldest professional aviation fraternity in history. Alpha Eta Rho has had over one hundred thirty five chapters both domestically and internationally. The Eta chapter at San Jose State University is the oldest active chapter, being founded on April 27, 1940. Currently over seventy chapters are active on campuses throughout the United States. The alumni of the fraternity are found in all facets of the aviation industry and related management fields. These include airline captains, military aviation flag officers, corporate CEOs, NASA engineers, flight attendants, aircraft mechanics, aviation museum directors, aerospace engineers, and pilots. There are currently 42 active chapters at colleges and universities, and over 45,000 alumni. Alpha Eta Rho accepts over 1,000 new members each year. Scholarships are available to active members on a yearly basis. Alpha Eta Rho is incorporated in the state of Missouri, and is a non-hazing organization.","The Alpha Eta Rho (ΑΗΡ) is a coed international professional college aviation fraternity that serves as a contact between the aviation industry and educational institutions. The fraternity strives to foster, promote, and mentor today's college students towards successful careers in aviation, aeronautical engineering, and aerospace sciences. Alpha Eta Rho serves to actively associate interested students of aviation with leaders and executives in the industry. This close association, strengthened through the bonds of an international aviation fraternity, establishes opportunities for all members in their relation to aviation and inspires interest and cooperation among those in the profession who are also members of Alpha Eta Rho. Established in 1929, it is the oldest professional aviation fraternity in history. Alpha Eta Rho has had over one hundred thirty five chapters both domestically and internationally. The Eta chapter at San Jose State University is the oldest active chapter, being founded on April 27, 1940. Currently over seventy chapters are active on campuses throughout the United States. The alumni of the fraternity are found in all facets of the aviation industry and related management fields. These include airline captains, military aviation flag officers, corporate CEOs, NASA engineers, flight attendants, aircraft mechanics, aviation museum directors, aerospace engineers, and pilots. There are currently 42 active chapters at colleges and universities, and over 45,000 alumni. Alpha Eta Rho accepts over 1,000 new members each year. Scholarships are available to active members on a yearly basis. Alpha Eta Rho is incorporated in the state of Missouri, and is a non-hazing organization.",summarization What is the best sport?,,"It depends on who you ask, but as an AI language model, I cannot determine which sport is the best. The best sport for a person may differ compared to another person based on the level of athleticism and the complexity of the game required. Some of the popular sports around the world include soccer, basketball, baseball, football, tennis, cricket, and others.",open_qa What was the cause of Michael Jackson's death?,,"On August 28, 2009, the Los Angeles County coroner classified Jackson's death as a homicide, determining that Jackson died from acute propofol intoxication, exacerbated by the anxiolytic lorazepam, and less significantly midazolam, diazepam, lidocaine, and ephedrine.",open_qa "I want to buy a new car. This is a difficult financial decision, but our car is 12 years old. Can you write some reasons I can give to my partner so she's on board with this decision.",,"Buying a new car is usually one of the main financial decisions a person has to take. A new car depreciates quickly, and it is definitely not an investment, but there are some reasons to buy a new car if you have an old one, for example: - New cars are more ecological, and usually include electric propulsion, which is better for the environment. - New cars are safer. A lot of the R&D budget from manufacturers goes into making the car safer both for the people in it and for the pedestrians. - A new car usually has more features which can make driving a better experience: GPS connectivity, better seats or better lightning are some of them. - A new car is also an experience - if you like driving, it can make you happier to drive a new models and enjoy its features.",creative_writing "From the given text, can you please extract all possible technical details of the aeroplane in the JSON format {key:value} where key is the attribute and value is the data for the attribute.","The aircraft involved in the accident was a 4-year-old Airbus A330-203, with manufacturer serial number 660, registered as F-GZCP. Its first flight was on 25 February 2005, and it was delivered 2 months later to the airline on 18 April 2005. At the time of the crash, it was Air France's newest A330. The aircraft was powered by two General Electric CF6-80E1A3 engines with a maximum thrust of 68,530 or 60,400 lbf (304.8 or 268.7 kN) (take-off/max continuous), giving it a cruise speed range of Mach 0.82–0.86 (470–493 knots or 870–913 kilometres per hour or 541–567 miles per hour), at 35,000 feet (11,000 m) of altitude and a range of 12,500 km (6,700 nmi; 7,800 mi). The aircraft underwent a major overhaul on 16 April 2009, and at the time of the accident had accumulated about 18,870 flying hours.","Here are the technical details of the aeroplane that I could parse and format it in JSON format {key:value}. { ""age in years"":""4"", ""aircraft manufacturer"":""Airbus"", ""aircraft model"":""A330-203"", ""manufacturer serial number"":""660"", ""aircraft registration number"":""F-GZCP"", ""first flight date"":""25 February, 2005"", ""airline delivery date"":""18 April, 2005"", ""airline name"":""Air France"", ""aircraft engine type"":""General Electric CF6-80E1A3"", ""aircraft engine maximum thrust"":""60400"", ""aircraft engine maximum thrust unit"":""lbf"", ""aircraft cruise speed range"":""Mach0.82-0.86"", ""aircraft cruise speed attitude"":""35000"", ""aircraft cruise speed attitude unit"":""feet"", ""aircraft range"":""12500"", ""aircraft range unit"":""km"", ""aircraft major overhaul date"":""16 April, 2009"", ""aircraft accumulated flying hours"":""18870"" }",information_extraction Make me a list of types of pies I can make,,"You could make a pumpkin, pecan, berry, apple, peach or chocolate pie",brainstorming "Classify the below aircraft models based on the companies which created them. Next-Generation 737, A220, 737 MAX, A350, A330, 747-8, 767, A320, 777, 777X, A380, 787",,"Boeing- Next-Generation 737, 737 MAX, 747-8, 767, 777, 777X, 787 Airbus- A220, A320, A330, A350, A380",classification What are the best day trips near San Francisco?,,"The San Francisco Bay Area has a number of amazing day trips offering a variety of options. The wine country is less than an hour away. Santa Cruz, Monterey & Big Sur are all great escapes to the coastline. If you are interested in a spa experience Calistoga is full of options.",creative_writing From the passage identify the most common colloquial terms for dismissal in the United States and United Kingdom. Display the results in comma separated format.,"Termination of employment or separation of employment is an employee's departure from a job and the end of an employee's duration with an employer. Termination may be voluntary on the employee's part, or it may be at the hands of the employer, often in the form of dismissal (firing) or a layoff. Dismissal or firing is usually thought to be the employee's fault, whereas a layoff is generally done for business reasons (for instance, a business slowdown, or an economic downturn) outside the employee's performance. Firing carries a stigma in many cultures and may hinder the jobseeker's chances of finding new employment, particularly if they have been terminated from a previous job. Jobseekers sometimes do not mention jobs from which they were fired on their resumes; accordingly, unexplained gaps in employment, and refusal or failure to contact previous employers are often regarded as ""red flags"". Dismissal is when the employer chooses to require the employee to leave, usually for the reason that is the employee's fault. The most common colloquial terms for dismissal in the United States are ""getting fired"" or ""getting canned"" whereas in the United Kingdom the terms ""getting the sack"" or ""getting sacked"" are also used.","getting fired, getting canned, getting the sack, getting sacked",information_extraction "Given this paragraph about Twitch, during what year did twitch have more than 100 million viewers per month?","Twitch is an American video live streaming service that focuses on video game live streaming, including broadcasts of esports competitions, in addition to offering music broadcasts, creative content, and ""in real life"" streams. Twitch is operated by Twitch Interactive, a subsidiary of Amazon.com, Inc. It was introduced in June 2011 as a spin-off of the general-interest streaming platform Justin.tv. Content on the site can be viewed either live or via video on demand. The games shown on Twitch's current homepage are listed according to audience preference and include genres such as real-time strategy games (RTS), fighting games, racing games, and first-person shooters. The popularity of Twitch eclipsed that of its general-interest counterpart. In October 2013, the website had 45 million unique viewers, and by February 2014, it was considered the fourth-largest source of peak Internet traffic in the United States. At the same time, Justin.tv's parent company was re-branded as Twitch Interactive to represent the shift in focus – Justin.tv was shut down in August 2014. That month, the service was acquired by Amazon for US$970 million, which later led to the introduction of synergies with the company's subscription service Amazon Prime. Twitch acquired Curse LLC in 2016, an operator of online video gaming communities and introduced means to purchase games through links on streams along with a program allowing streamers to receive commissions on the sales of games that they play. By 2015, Twitch had more than 100 million viewers per month. In 2017, Twitch remained the leading live streaming video service for video games in the US, and had an advantage over YouTube Gaming, which shut down its standalone app in May 2019. As of February 2020, it had 3 million broadcasters monthly and 15 million daily active users, with 1.4 million average concurrent users. As of May 2018, Twitch had over 27,000 partner channels.",Twitch surpassed 100 million viewers per month in the year 2015.,closed_qa "Given the following passage about Theodore Roosevelt, please list the main accomplishments during his presidency.","Roosevelt assumed the presidency at age 42, and remains the youngest person to become president of the United States. As a leader of the progressive movement he championed his ""Square Deal"" domestic policies. It called for fairness for all citizens, breaking of bad trusts, regulation of railroads, and pure food and drugs. Roosevelt prioritized conservation and established national parks, forests, and monuments to preserve the nation's natural resources. In foreign policy, he focused on Central America, where he began construction of the Panama Canal. Roosevelt expanded the Navy and sent the Great White Fleet on a world tour to project American naval power. His successful efforts to broker the end of the Russo-Japanese War won him the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize, making him the first American to ever win a Nobel Prize. Roosevelt was elected to a full term in 1904 and promoted policies more to the left, despite growing opposition from Republican leaders. During his presidency, he groomed his close ally William Howard Taft to succeed him in the 1908 presidential election.","1) Championed the breaking of bad trusts, railroad regulation, and pure food and drugs 2) Established national parks, forests, and monuments 3) Began construction of the Panama Canal 4) Expanded the navy 5) Brokered the peace treaty of the Russo-Japanese war",summarization Tell me why people like the Skate video game series in one sentence,"The Skate series distinguishes itself from other skateboarding video games with its unique control system, called ""Flick-it"", in which players execute tricks with brief, rapid movements of either or both analog sticks of a twin-stick gamepad. Players assume the role of a customizable skater and freely explore a fictional city in an open world setting, completing diverse and increasingly difficult challenges while being filmed by cameraman Giovanni Reda to unlock new areas, obtain new cosmetics and eventually rise to stardom. Along the way, they can encounter, compete with and even play as famous real-life skaters, including Danny Way, Terry Kennedy and Rob Dyrdek, and must eventually choose from among several authentic licensed skateboard gear firms to strike an endorsement with for exclusive skateboard parts and gear. Players can make use of session markers to quickly travel to or return to a location of their choosing. A special injury system called the ""Hall of Meat"" tracks injuries sustained during wipeouts, particularly broken bones, which is key to completing certain challenges.","People like the Skate series because of its unique ""Flick-it"" controls, authenticity, and similarity to real world skateboarding.",summarization "Based on the provided information, when will we achieve AGI?","An artificial general intelligence (AGI) is a hypothetical intelligent agent which can understand or learn any intellectual task that human beings or other animals can. AGI has also been defined alternatively as autonomous systems that surpass human capabilities at the majority of economically valuable work. Developing AGI is a primary goal of some artificial intelligence research and for several AI companies such as OpenAI, DeepMind, and Anthropic, as well as a common topic in science fiction and futures studies. The timeline for AGI development remains a subject of ongoing debate among researchers and experts, with some arguing it may be possible in the coming decades, while others maintain it might take much longer or may never be achieved at all. Additionally, there is debate regarding whether modern deep learning systems, such as GPT-4, are an early yet incomplete form of AGI or if new approaches will be required.","The timeline for AGI development remains a subject of ongoing debate among researchers and experts, with some arguing it may be possible in the coming decades, while others maintain it might take much longer or may never be achieved at all.",closed_qa What are some films produced by Takiko Mizunoe?,"Takiko Mizunoe (水の江 瀧子, Mizunoe Takiko), born Umeko Miura (三浦 ウメ子, Miura Umeko, 20 February 1915 – 16 November 2009), was a Japanese actress, film producer, and radio and TV presenter. She was born in Otaru, Hokkaido, and began her career by acting in Shochiku's musical theatre troupe. Later she became one of Japan’s first female film producers, working with the actors Yujiro Ishihara and Masumi Okada and the director Koreyoshi Kurahara at Nikkatsu during the studio’s golden age. Films she produced include Season of the Sun and Crazed Fruit. She also twice hosted the New Year’s Eve music show Kōhaku Uta Gassen.",Season of the Sun and Crazed Fruit,information_extraction "Given this paragraph about Atlantic Hall in Nigeria, how many students does it hold, where is located and when did it open?","Atlantic Hall is a private coeducational secondary school in Epe, Lagos State, Nigeria which holds about 600 students and is located about 70 kilometres from Lagos. It opened in 1989 in the Maryland area, Ikeja, Lagos State, with dormitories close to Eko Hospital Ikeja, before relocating to Poka Epe in the mid-nineties. Its landmark include Pobuna Junior and Senior High School with close proximity to Araga in Epe.","Atlantic Hall can hold 600 students, is located 70 kilometers from Lagos and was opened in 1989.",closed_qa Create a dialogue between two characters discussing the impact of social media on their lives. Your dialogue should explore both the positive and negative effects of social media on society.,,"Glen: ""Man, I've been feeling terrible lately. Just the worst anxiety. I've been spending too much time on social media."" Rashid: ""I hear ya. It can really mess with your mood. I find it helps if I participate less and just, well, consume content. Curate it, too. I take some time to make sure I don't get all the political garbage or downer stuff."" Glen: ""I can't do that. I get fired up too easily, man. I'm just reading, like, an article on cats and then someone in the comments goes off about how cat owners are stupid, and I reply, and then my night's ruined."" Rashid: ""Don't ever read the comments!"" Glen: ""I know, man; I know! But I'm not talking about just that. I get on Twitter and I just see all this, I don't know, anger and trolling and negativity. And it gets to me. I start to think everything's worse than it is."" Rashid: ""That's why you really need to use the tools the sites provide to aggressively curate what you see. Block people and brands. Get rid of annoying friends. Choose and refine categories for subjects you participate in. You have to tell the algorithm what you don't want. It's not perfect, but these days, I really only see family stuff, cats, and exotic car stuff on Facebook. Same for Pinterest and Instagram."" Glen: ""Even then, it feels like the internet just wants to trick me all the time. Ads, appeals for money, grifts of all sorts, email scams. Like this is some seriously extractive capitalism nonsense, and that makes me tired, too. But I can't seem to stop engaging with it!"" Rashid: ""Then limit your time to what you can actually manage. Set timers, if you have to. Focus on the apps you have more control over, more ability to curate effectively. You gotta make the internet work for you now. Find communities but also be skeptical and suss them out before you dive into participating. And just be streetwise. If you think something's a scam, it probably is. Walk away."" Glen: ""I thought you'd tell me to go outside!"" Rashid: ""Well, I was gonna get to that...""",creative_writing "Identify which car manufacturer is French or American: Bugatti, GMC, Dodge",,"Bugatti is French, GMC and Dodge is American",classification Which is a species of fish? Bombay duck or Bombay Sapphire,,Bombay duck,classification From the passage identify the attributes of Dionysus. Display the results in a comma separated format.,"Dionysus (Διόνυσος, Diónusos)/Bacchus (Βάκχος, Bákkhos) God of wine, fruitfulness, parties, festivals, madness, chaos, drunkenness, vegetation, ecstasy, and the theater. He is the twice-born son of Zeus and Semele, in that Zeus snatched him from his mother's womb and stitched Dionysus into his own thigh and carried him until he was ready to be born. In art he is depicted as either an older bearded god (particularly before 430 BC) or an effeminate, long-haired youth (particularly after 430 BC). His attributes include the thyrsus, a drinking cup, the grape vine, and a crown of ivy. He is often in the company of his thiasos, a group of attendants including satyrs, maenads, and his old tutor Silenus. The consort of Dionysus was Ariadne. It was once held that Dionysius was a later addition to the Greek pantheon, but the discovery of Linear B tablets confirm his status as a deity from an early period. Bacchus was another name for him in Greek, and came into common usage among the Romans. His sacred animals include dolphins, serpents, tigers, and donkeys.","the thyrsus, a drinking cup, the grape vine, a crown of ivy",information_extraction What is terrain cartography?,,"Terrain cartography or relief mapping is the depiction of the shape of the surface of the Earth on a map, using one or more of several techniques that have been developed. Terrain or relief is an essential aspect of physical geography, and as such its portrayal presents a central problem in cartographic design, and more recently geographic information systems and geovisualization.",open_qa What are three popular mezzo-soprano arias?,,"Three of the most commonly sung mezzo-soprano arias are: ""Habanera"" from the opera Carmen by Bizet ""Voi che sapete"" from the opera Le Nozze di Figaro by Mozart ""Che faro"" from the opera Orfeo ed Euridice by Gluck",brainstorming What is the standard Gibbs free energy,"The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (Gf°) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 °C). The table below lists the standard Gibbs function of formation for several elements and chemical compounds and is taken from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry. Note that all values are in kJ/mol. Far more extensive tables can be found in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics and the NIST JANAF tables. The NIST Chemistry WebBook (see link below) is an online resource that contains standard enthalpy of formation for various compounds along with the standard absolute entropy for these compounds from which the standard Gibbs free energy of formation can be calculated.","The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (Gf°) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 °C).",summarization What are some good body weight exercises for the lower body?,,"Some good exercises to strengthen the lower body include box squats, lunges, side lunges, one leg Romanian dead lifts, glute marches, and curtsey squats.",brainstorming What are teeth?,,"Teeth are a part of your digestive system. They are used to mash and grind food to allow your digestive system to be able to process it into nutrients and energy for the body. Most humans have 32 teeth, and enamel is the protective outer layer of the teeth. Teeth attach the the mandible bone and are very strong. If you eat a lot of sugar the enamel on the teeth will break down causing cavities that have to be fixed and repaired at the dentist.",open_qa What are good foods for keto diet,,"Keto is a high fat and low carbohydrates diet. This diet helps the body to get into a state called ketosis where the body uses fat as an energy source instead of carbohydrates. The ideal food items should have high fat content and low or no carbs and sugar. Some meal suggestions are: - cauliflower cheese - broccoli cheese - Avocado chicken salad - cauliflower rice and chicken - Lamb curry - lamb roast with Brussels sprouts - beef roast - beef steak with halloumi fries - salads including cucumber, onion, broccoli Keto food should not have potatoes, rice, pasta, wheat, sugar etc. Diet and sugar free soda can be good alternatives to curb sugar cravings",brainstorming "Given this paragraph about Himmerland, which is the largest city in Himmerland?","Himmerland is a peninsula in northeastern Jutland, Denmark. It is delimited to the north and the west by the Limfjord, to the east by the Kattegat, and to the south by the Mariager Fjord. The largest city is Aalborg; smaller towns include Hobro, Aars, Løgstør, Støvring and Nibe. In northeastern Himmerland is the Lille Vildmose, Denmark's largest raised bog, which sustains a rich bird life of international importance.",Aalborg is the largest city in Himmerland.,closed_qa What is a proof that there are two irrational numbers where raising one to the power of the other produces a rational number?,,"Here is a proof by cases that there exist two irrational numbers a and b such that a^b is rational. First, consider a = b = sqrt(2). Recall that sqrt(2) is irrational, so If a^b = sqrt(2) ^ sqrt(2) is rational, we are done because we have found irrational a and b with a^b being a rational number. Otherwise, sqrt(2) ^ sqrt(2) is irrational. Let a = sqrt(2) ^ sqrt(2) and b = sqrt(2). Then a ^ b = (sqrt(2) ^ sqrt(2)) ^ sqrt(2) = sqrt(2) ^ (sqrt(2) * sqrt(2)) = sqrt(2) ^ 2 = 2, which is rational. So either way, we can find irrational a and b with a^b being rational.",creative_writing What types of bikes are there?,,"There are gravel bikes, road bikes, mountain bikes, BMX bikes, recumbent bikes, unicycles, hybrid bikes, electric bikes, cruiser bikes, trail bikes, CX bikes, enduro bikes, touring bikes, fixed gear bikes, kids bikes, fat bikes, tandem bikes, folding bikes, trikes and low rider bikes.",classification "Which Philip K. Dick novel was the basis for the movie ""Blade Runner""?",,Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?,open_qa What are the words of House Martell?,,"""Unbowed, Unbent, Unbroken""",open_qa "Given a reference text about the incudomalleolar joint, tell me its main function.","The incudomalleolar joint (more correctly called incudomallear joint) or articulatio incudomallearis is a small synovial joint between the malleus (hammer) and the incus (anvil). The joint's function is to transfer vibrations between the ossicles in the middle ear, which is perceived as sound. Contrary to other synovial joints the movement is very limited. All of the ossicles move more or less as a unit, at least at low frequencies. When the eardrum is moved inward due to sound vibrations, transferred through the outer ear, it transmits to the handle or manubrium of the malleus which is connected to the ear drum. The head of the malleus (caput mallei) moves with it and transfers energy/movement to the corpus of the incus (corpus incudis), which is located directly behind. The sound vibrations are then transferred to the stapes (stirrup) through the incudostapedial joint.",The function of the incudomalleolar joint is to transfer vibrations between the ossicles in the middle ear.,closed_qa What is a modem?,,"A modem was a device that let computer connect to the internet over a dial-up connection. This connection is established and hosted through an ISP or Internet Service Provider. The three most common types of modem connection are dial-up, DSL, or cable. DSL was a lot faster than dial-up, and cable modem connection was the fastest.",open_qa Think of lots of different sources of light to read a book,,"A lamp, an overhead light, a candle, the sun, a book light",brainstorming "The story opens in Los Angeles in the 21st century, an unspecified number of years after a worldwide economic collapse. Los Angeles is no longer part of the United States since the federal government has ceded most of its power and territory to private organizations and entrepreneurs. Franchising, individual sovereignty, and private vehicles reign supreme. Mercenary armies compete for national defense contracts, while private security guards preserve the peace in sovereign gated housing developments.: 45  Highway companies compete to attract drivers to their roads,: 7  and all mail delivery is by hired courier.: 306  The remnants of government maintain authority only in isolated compounds, where they do tedious make-work that is, by and large, irrelevant to the society around them.: 176  Much of the world's territory has been carved up into sovereign enclaves known as Franchise-Organized Quasi-National Entities (FOQNEs),: 14  each run by its own big business franchise (such as ""Mr. Lee's Greater Hong Kong"", or the corporatized American Mafia), or various residential burbclaves (quasi-sovereign gated communities). In this future, American institutions are far different from those in the actual United States at the time the book was published; for example, a for-profit organization, the CIC, has evolved from the CIA's merger with the Library of Congress.: 22",What is the setting of Snow Crash?,"Snow Crash is set in the Los Angeles of the future in which the government has collapsed and been replaced by corporations, mercenary armies, and a new type of organization, the Franchise-Organized Quasi-National Entity. Examples of the latter include Mr. Lee's Greater Hong Kong and the corporatized American Mafia. Government functions like road building, policing, and mail delivery have been taken over by corporations.",summarization How can I compose electronic music in 3 simple ways ?,,"1 - Use an artificial intelligence backed music application (i.e. Amper Music, MuseNet, AIVA) 2 - Use a software application to compose instruments partitions (i.e. FruityLoops Studio) 3 - Play and record single instruments at home or studio and the mix them using an application",brainstorming What is the YIMBY movement?,,"YIMBY stands for Yes In My Back Yard. The YIMBY movement is a grassroots response to the phenomenon of NIMBYism, which stands for Not In My Back Yard, and is the name for concentrated local opposition to societally-beneficial resources. For example, NIMBY neighbors might oppose the construction of a new hospital in their neighborhood on the grounds that it will increase local traffic. The whole city will benefit from the new hospital, but the immediate neighbors will oppose it on these grounds regardless of where in the city it is constructed. The YIMBY movement in the United States is primarily concerned with housing. YIMBY organizations have been formed across the country to support measures that will increase the supply of housing, such as repealing bans on the construction of apartment buildings.",open_qa What are some tools that every homeowner should have?,,"There is a tool designed for almost every challenge a homeowner will face, but purchasing every tool could prove to be cost prohibitive, especially if they are highly specialized for tasks that may occur infrequently. It's best to have a general set of tools that have a wide variety of uses, including a hammer, a set of screwdrivers both flat and philips, a tape measure, a level, a stud finder, and a utility knife. A battery powered drill and impact driver can also save time, and make mounting projects easier.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Damaru, Laouto",,"Damaru is percussion, Laouto is string.",classification What are the ways to save money in gardening?,,"1. Avoid buying potting mix by making your own potting soil 2. Compost your food scraps to make your own soil 3. Avoid buying seed germinating trays by using tofu trays and other recycled food trays to germinate seeds 4. Avoid buying pots and containers by re-using plastic milk containers with the top cut off, tetra pak with the top cut off, yoghurt containers, plastic soda bottles etc. 5. Avoid buying plants from the store by germinating plants from seed yourself 6. Collect rainwater for your plants to avoid using municipal water 7. Re-use water from rinsing vegetables/rice to water your plants to minimize the use of municipal water",brainstorming Please tell me the main global sources of energy production,"Energy production is 80% fossil, half of which is produced by China, the United States and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. The Gulf States and Russia export most of their production, largely to the European Union and China, where not enough energy is produced to satisfy demand. Energy production is increasing 1 to 2% per year, except for solar and wind energy which averaged 20% per year in the 2010s.","The main sources of energy production are fossil, accounting for around 80% of the total energy generation. Around half of the energy generation by fossil sources is produced by China, the United States and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. Energy production from renewable sources such as solar and wind has increased at an average of 20% yearly which is much higher than the growth of the rest of the sources at an average of 1% to 2% yearly.",summarization What is a clique in graph theory?,"In the mathematical area of graph theory, a clique is a subset of vertices of an undirected graph such that every two distinct vertices in the clique are adjacent. That is, a clique of a graph G is an induced subgraph of G that is complete. Cliques are one of the basic concepts of graph theory and are used in many other mathematical problems and constructions on graphs. Cliques have also been studied in computer science: the task of finding whether there is a clique of a given size in a graph (the clique problem) is NP-complete, but despite this hardness result, many algorithms for finding cliques have been studied. Although the study of complete subgraphs goes back at least to the graph-theoretic reformulation of Ramsey theory by Erdős & Szekeres (1935), the term clique comes from Luce & Perry (1949), who used complete subgraphs in social networks to model cliques of people; that is, groups of people all of whom know each other. Cliques have many other applications in the sciences and particularly in bioinformatics.","In graph theory, a clique is a subset of vertices of an undirected graph such that every two distinct vertices in the clique are adjacent.",closed_qa Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description},"The Ghana Space Science and Technology Institute (GSSTI) was first established as a Centre under the School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences (SNAS) in January 2011 and launched in May 2012. It was later upgraded to an Institute in August 2013, to exploit space science and technology for socio-economic development of the country.","• January 2011 - This is when the Ghana Space Science and Technology Institute (GSSTI) was first established as a Centre under the School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences • May 2012 - This is when the Ghana Space Science and Technology Institute (GSSTI) was launched • August 2013 - This is when the Ghana Space Science and Technology Institute was upgraded to an Institute",information_extraction What are some board games that involve strategy?,,"Catan, Diplomacy and Dune are some examples of board games that require strategy to win.",brainstorming Please give me the keypoints about Mehmed II's reign,"Mehmed II (Ottoman Turkish: محمد ثانى, romanized: Meḥmed-i s̱ānī; Turkish: II. Mehmed, pronounced [icinˈdʒi ˈmehmed]; 30 March 1432 – 3 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (Ottoman Turkish: ابو الفتح, romanized: Ebū'l-fetḥ, lit. 'the Father of Conquest'; Turkish: Fâtih Sultan Mehmed), was an Ottoman sultan who ruled from August 1444 to September 1446, and then later from February 1451 to May 1481. In Mehmed II's first reign, he defeated the crusade led by John Hunyadi after the Hungarian incursions into his country broke the conditions of the truce Peace of Szeged. When Mehmed II ascended the throne again in 1451, he strengthened the Ottoman navy and made preparations to attack Constantinople. At the age of 21, he conquered Constantinople and brought an end to the Byzantine Empire. After the conquest, Mehmed claimed the title Caesar of the Roman Empire (Ottoman Turkish: قیصر‎ روم, romanized: Qayser-i Rûm), based on the fact that Constantinople had been the seat and capital of the surviving Eastern Roman Empire since its consecration in 330 AD by Emperor Constantine I. The claim was only recognized by the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Nonetheless, Mehmed II viewed the Ottoman state as a continuation of the Roman Empire for the remainder of his life, seeing himself as ""continuing"" the Empire rather than ""replacing"" it. Mehmed continued his conquests in Anatolia with its reunification and in Southeast Europe as far west as Bosnia. At home he made many political and social reforms, encouraged the arts and sciences, and by the end of his reign, his rebuilding program had changed Constantinople into a thriving imperial capital. He is considered a hero in modern-day Turkey and parts of the wider Muslim world. Among other things, Istanbul's Fatih district, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge and Fatih Mosque are named after him.","Mehmed II also known as Mehmed the Conqueror was an Ottoman Sultan who reigned from 1432 to 1481. He is known for conquering Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire and greatly expanded the Ottoman empire.",summarization What is a capital gain in finance?,,You make a capital gain if you sell or dispose of a long−term asset (such as a building) for more than it cost you.,open_qa I'm looking to learn a new programming language. Can you recommend one?,,"Which programming language to learn depends on what type of programming you want to do. Python is an easy to learn, general purpose language that is quite popular. If you are aspiring to do front end development work, JavaScript would be a good choice. If you are an experienced developer looking for a high performance language, Rust might be an appropriate choice as it's gaining popularity.",brainstorming What is pan genomics?,,"Pan genomics is a concept introduced in 2005 by Tettelin and Medini which eventually took root in bioinformatics. Pan genome is the complete gene repertoire of a particular taxonomic group: although initially applied to closely related strains of a species, it can be applied to a larger context like genus, phylum, etc. It is divided in two parts- The Core genome: Set of genes common to all the genomes under study (These are often housekeeping genes vital for survival) and The Dispensable/Flexible Genome: Set of genes not present in all but one or some genomes under study. A bioinformatics tool BPGA can be used to characterize the Pan Genome of bacterial species.",open_qa When was Suntory established?,"Suntory Holdings Limited (サントリーホールディングス株式会社, Santorī Hōrudingusu Kabushiki-gaisha) (commonly referred to as simply Suntory) is a Japanese multinational brewing and distilling company group. Established in 1899, it is one of the oldest companies in the distribution of alcoholic beverages in Japan, and makes Japanese whisky. Its business has expanded to other fields, and the company now also makes soft drinks and operates sandwich chains. With its 2014 acquisition of Beam, Inc., it has diversified internationally and become the third largest maker of distilled beverages in the world. Suntory is headquartered in Dojimahama 2-chome, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture. Suntory Beverage & Food Limited (サントリー食品インターナショナル株式会社, Santorī shokuhin",Suntory was established in 1899,closed_qa Who is Brendon Small?,,Brendon Small is the co-creator of Metalocalypse.,brainstorming What are the five MLB teams with the most World Series wins in descending order?,,"New York Yankees, St. Louis Cardinals, Oakland Athletics, Boston Red Sox, San Francisco Giants",open_qa What is a difference between baseball and cricket?,,"Baseball and cricket may both be considered bat-and-ball sports, but in actuality, they differ significantly across various dimensions. Playing Field: Baseball field is diamond-shaped, while a cricket field is oval-shaped. The cricket field is also larger than the Baseball field. Number of players: In baseball, each team has nine players on the field, while in cricket, there are eleven players on each team. Equipment: Baseball players use a round bat, while cricket players use a flat bat with a long handle. A cricket ball is also smaller (22.4 -22.9 cm circumference) than a baseball (22.9 - 23.5 cm circumference) Scoring: In baseball, a team makes a run whenever one of their players completes a full circuit of the bases, while in cricket, a team gets runs by hitting the ball and then running back and forth between two sets of wickets.",open_qa "According to this paragraph about UVA, tell me how much of UVA's academic budget foes to endowment and gifts?","As of 2013, UVA's $1.4 billion academic budget is paid for primarily by tuition and fees (32%), research grants (23%), endowment and gifts (19%), and sales and services (12%). The university receives 10% of its academic funds through state appropriation from the Commonwealth of Virginia. For the overall (including non-academic) university budget of $2.6 billion, 45% comes from medical patient revenue. The Commonwealth contributes less than 6%.",19% of UVA's academic budget goes to endowment and gifts.,closed_qa What are some ways to reuse smoked brisket?,,"Smoked brisket is delicious and can be reused in many ways, including: Brisket rague Bristet tacos Brisket nachos Chopped brisket sandwiches Brisket stroganoff Brisket with broccoli and rice Brisket melt sandwiches Brisket hash Brisket omelets Brisket scramble Chopped brisket salad",brainstorming Give me a list of basic ingredients for baking cookies,,"To bake cookies you will need flour, sugar, eggs, milk, butter, baking powder, and if you want; you can add chocolate chips, cinnamon, walnuts, or macadamia nuts. By combining the ingredients you will form a soft dough that you can scoop onto a baking sheet and bake in the oven until cooked thoroughly through.",brainstorming How many books are there in the Harry Potter series?,,7,open_qa What was the final name of Great Northern in this passage,"Due to its historical roots as a town housing railroad workers, Hillyard acquired a rather rough reputation, which lasts into recent decades. (As recently as 1979, Daniel Leen described the Hillyard train yards in his book The Freighthoppers Manual for North America as having ""the feel of warmed-over death."") After the Great Northern underwent a series of mergers, becoming the Burlington Northern Railroad and eventually the BNSF Railway, the Hillyard yard and shops were closed in the early 1980s with BN's main yard operations in Spokane moving to Yardley. Only the decaying structures of the old shops remain today. Hillyard suffers some of the worst poverty in Spokane, per capita it is the poorest neighborhood in the state of Washington. The eastern border of the neighborhood, east of the railroad tracks, is sometimes affectionately referred to as ""Dog Town"" by some residents","After the first merger Great Northern became Burlington Northern Railroad, then eventually BNSF Railway.",summarization What is the significance of the moon's hidden face?,,"The Moon's hidden face is the hemisphere of this satellite that is not visible from Earth because the Moon always shows the same face. This is because the moon takes the same amount of time to rotate on its own axis (rotation) as it does to orbit the Earth (translation). Tidal coupling is the term used to describe this phenomenon. The first images of the Moon's far side were sent by the Soviet spacecraft Luna 3, the third spacecraft launched to the Moon, on October 7, 1959.",open_qa What is investment banking?,,"Investment banking pertains to certain activities of a financial services company or a corporate division that consist in advisory-based financial transactions on behalf of individuals, corporations, and governments. Traditionally associated with corporate finance, such a bank might assist in raising financial capital by underwriting or acting as the client's agent in the issuance of debt or equity securities. An investment bank may also assist companies involved in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and provide ancillary services such as market making, trading of derivatives and equity securities, FICC services (fixed income instruments, currencies, and commodities) or research (macroeconomic, credit or equity research). Most investment banks maintain prime brokerage and asset management departments in conjunction with their investment research businesses. As an industry, it is broken up into the Bulge Bracket (upper tier), Middle Market (mid-level businesses), and boutique market (specialized businesses). Unlike commercial banks and retail banks, investment banks do not take deposits.",open_qa "Tell me which of these are fire-type Pokemon: Arcanine, Lapras, Glalie, Spheal, Magmar, Houndour, Entei, Ho-oh, Torchic, Kyurem, Cubchoo, Beartic, Numel, Ninetales, Rotom, Mamoswine",,"Arcanine, Magmar, Houndour, Entei, Ho-oh, Torchic, Numel, Ninetales, Rotom",classification When was the Philippine House Committee elevated into a standing committee,,"The Philippine House Committee on Sustainable Development Goals, or House Sustainable Development Goals Committee is a standing committee of the Philippine House of Representatives. Originally designated as a special committee, it was elevated into a standing committee on March 10, 2020.",open_qa Write a letter I can send to the company that installed my swimming pool. Explain to them that the pool has two leaks and that I'd like to make a warranty claim. Request a reply within the next 30 days.,,"Date: April 4, 2023 From: Firstname Lastname To: California Pool Company I purchased the home at 123 Main Street, Riverside, California in July 2022. The property has a pool that you installed in 2021. We have had multiple issues with the pool, including two leaks in the underground water lines supplying the automatic pool leveler. I understand the pool has a two-year warranty; I would like you to inspect the issues we have found before the warranty expires. I have enclosed photographs of the issues we have found so far. Please call me at 123-345-3883 to schedule an inspection at your earliest convenience, but no later than 30 days from your receipt of this letter. Thank you.",creative_writing What is the best way to store passwords?,,Password managers are generally regarded as the gold standard for safely warehousing your passwords. A password manager can index many unique and complicated passwords so that a user can have confidence that they can set a strong and secure password without compromising accessibility due to the password being difficult to read or overly complex.,open_qa What are examples of famous plays written by William Shakespeare?,,"Famous plays written by William Shakespeare include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth.",open_qa Do you think depression ran in Wittgenstein's family?,"Born in Vienna into one of Europe's richest families, Ludwig Wittgenstein inherited a fortune from his father in 1913. Before World War I, he ""made a very generous financial bequest to a group of poets and artists chosen by Ludwig von Ficker, the editor of Der Brenner, from artists in need. These included Trakl as well as Rainer Maria Rilke and the architect Adolf Loos."" Later, in a period of severe personal depression after World War I, he gave away his remaining fortune to his brothers and sisters. Three of his four older brothers died by separate acts of suicide. Wittgenstein left academia several times: serving as an officer on the front line during World War I, where he was decorated a number of times for his courage; teaching in schools in remote Austrian villages, where he encountered controversy for using sometimes violent corporal punishment on girls and a boy (the Haidbauer incident) especially during mathematics classes; working during World War II as a hospital porter in London, notably telling patients not to take the drugs they were prescribed; and working as a hospital laboratory technician at the Royal Victoria Infirmary in Newcastle upon Tyne. He later expressed remorse for these incidents, and spent the remainder of his life lecturing and attempting to prepare a second manuscript for publication, which was published posthumously as the hugely influential Philosophical Investigations.","Depression is a mental health issue which can sometimes lead to suicide. It is known to run in families. Ludwig Wittgenstein personally experienced at least one period of severe depression and three of his four older brothers died by separate acts of suicide. Based on the fact that so many of Wittgenstein's immediate family members experienced depression or died by suicide, I think it is fair to say depression ran in Wittgenstein's family.",information_extraction What's unique about it and why is it famous?,"Doleshwor Mahadeva (Nepali: डोलेश्वर महादेव) is a Hindu Temple of Lord Shiva located in Suryabinayak, south eastern part of Bhaktapur District, Nepal, and is believed to be the head part of Kedarnath temple located in Uttarakhand, India. History For 4000 years people have been searching for the head of the Panch Kedar temples, a bull who was Shiva in reality, who assumed the shape of a bull to avoid the five Pandava brothers, the heroes of the Mahabharat. The legend goes back to the fabled battle of Kurukshetra fought between the five Pandava brothers and their cousins, the 100 Kaurava brothers, which is the pivot of the Mahabharata. Many folk legends related to the Garhwal region, Lord Shiva and the creation of the Panch Kedar temples are narrated. A folk legend about Panch Kedar relates to the Pandavas, the heroes of the Hindu epic Mahabharata. The Pandavas defeated and slayed their cousins — the Kauravas in the epic Kurukshetra war. They wished to atone for the sins of committing fratricide (gotra hatya) and Brāhmanahatya (killing of Brahmins — the priest class) during the war. Thus, they handed over the reins of their kingdom to their kin and left in search of lord Shiva and to seek his blessings. First, they went to the holy city of Varanasi (Kashi), believed to be Shiva's favourite city and known for its Kashi Vishwanath Temple. But, Shiva wanted to avoid them as he was deeply incensed by the death and dishonesty at the Kurukshetra war and was, therefore, insensitive to Pandavas' prayers. Therefore, he assumed the form of a bull (Nandi) and hid in the Garhwal region. Not finding Shiva in Varanasi, the Pandavas went to Garhwal Himalayas. Bhima, the second of the five Pandava brothers, then standing astride two mountains started to look for Shiva. He saw a bull grazing near Guptakashi (“hidden Kashi” — the name derived from the hiding act of Shiva). Bhima immediately recognized the bull to be Shiva. Bhima caught hold of the bull by its tail and hind legs. But the bull-formed Shiva disappeared into the ground to later reappear in parts, with the hump raising in Kedarnath, the arms appearing in Tungnath, the face showing up at Rudranath, the nabhi (navel) and stomach surfacing in Madhyamaheshwar and the hair appearing in Kalpeshwar. The Pandavas pleased with this reappearance in five different forms, built temples at the five places for venerating and worshipping Shiva. The Pandavas were thus freed from their sins. It is also believed that the fore portions of Shiva appeared at Doleshwor Mahadeva Temple, Bhaktapur district Nepal. A variant of the tale credits Bhima of not only catching the bull, but also stopping it from disappearing. Consequently, the bull was torn asunder into five parts and appeared at five locations in the Kedar Khand of Garhwal region of the Himalayas. After building the Panch Kedar Temples, the Pandavas meditated at Kedarnath for salvation, performed yagna (fire sacrifice) and then through the heavenly path called the Mahapanth (also called Swargarohini), attained heaven or salvation.[citation needed]. The Panch Kedar Temples are constructed in the North-Indian Himalayan Temple architecture with the Kedarnath, Tungnath and Madhyamaheshwar temples looking similar. After completing the pilgrimage of Lord Shiva's darshan at the Panch Kedar Temples, it is an unwritten religious rite to visit Lord Vishnu at the Badrinath Temple, as a final affirmatory proof by the devotee that he has sought blessings of Lord Shiva. Research and findings The Hindu activist Bharat Jangam had been researching and claiming that Doleshwar Mahadev is the head part of Kedarnath based on the surprising links between Kedarnath and Doleshwor. The Sculptures of Shive found in both shrines are 4,000 years old. Even a stone scripture found in Doleshwor was written in Sanskrit and Old Nepalese. The priests in both shrines are selected from India's southern states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Both priests affix the word ‘ling’ after their names to convey their proximity to the god as his worshipper and both temples have a cluster of five Shiva shrines. The main deity of both priests is Birbhadra, a companion of Shiva, according to Hindu scriptures. Recognition On August 22, 2009 the head priest of Kedarnath peeth Shree 1008 Jagat Guru Bheemashankarling Shivacharya unveiled the plaque claiming that Doleswore Mahadev, located in Jangam math Bhaktapur, is the head part of Shri Kedarnath. He performed Rudra Abhishek, a special worshipping at the Doleshwor temple situated in Sipadol village of Bhaktapur district. This is also mentioned in the inscription (Sheela Lekh) at Doleshwar Mahadev. Thousands of devotees have been thronging in the Doleswor Mahadev Temple.","It is believed that Doleshwor Mahadeva is the head part of Kedarnath temple located in Uttarakhand, India, and Kedarnath is one of the most famous Shiva temple.",closed_qa Give me some ideas on where to travel for good sun and beaches.,,"There are several places around the world that you could visit for good exposure of the sun and to enjoy the sandy beaches, for example: 1- Egypt, well known for sunny days most of the days, and good sandy beaches in Hurghada and North Coast of Egypt. 2- Dubai, also known for the good sandy beach and sunny days, however it might get very hot at times especially in summer. 3- Barcelona in Spain is also very good option, that you might like",brainstorming What are some tips that kids could use to learn the lines of a musical school play? Write them as if they are narrated by an elementary school student.,,"One good method is to practice your lines of the play with other people, who might not necessarily be in the play (for example, practice with your parents!). It's also good to review your lines and repeat them by heart a few minutes later. Then over time try to repeat them without looking at the play book. One thing to avoid is to only read the lines but not say them out loud. Saying the lines out loud is really important for remembering them and practicing your acting. And above all, try to have fun!",brainstorming "Order the following animals in terms of average weight: finch, elephant, goat, gazelle, and a rabbit.",,"The ordering of animals in terms of weight from lightest to heaviest is finch, rabbit, gazelle, goat and elephant. The weights of gazelles and goats can be similar, however, on averages an adult goat will weigh more than and an adult gazelle.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Den-den daiko, Luc huyen cam",,"Luc huyen cam is string, Den-den daiko is percussion.",classification "which weighs more, a pound of bricks or a pound of feathers?",,"Both things weigh the same amount, one pound.",creative_writing Give me a list of the key elements of telecommunications developed over time,"At the 1932 Plenipotentiary Telegraph Conference and the International Radiotelegraph Conference in Madrid, the two organizations decided to merge to form the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). They defined telecommunication as ""any telegraphic or telephonic communication of signs, signals, writing, facsimiles and sounds of any kind, by wire, wireless or other systems or processes of electric signaling or visual signaling (semaphores)."" The definition was later reconfirmed, according to Article 1.3 of the Radio Regulations (RR), telecommunication, which defined it as ""Any transmission, emission or reception of signs, signals, writings, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems"". Beacons and pigeons A replica of one of Chappe's semaphore towers Homing pigeons have been used throughout history by different cultures. Pigeon post had Persian roots and was later used by the Romans to aid their military. Frontinus claimed Julius Caesar used pigeons as messengers in his conquest of Gaul. The Greeks also conveyed the names of the victors at the Olympic Games to various cities using homing pigeons. In the early 19th century, the Dutch government used the system in Java and Sumatra. And in 1849, Paul Julius Reuter started a pigeon service to fly stock prices between Aachen and Brussels, a service that operated for a year until the gap in the telegraph link was closed. In the Middle Ages, chains of beacons were commonly used on hilltops as a means of relaying a signal. Beacon chains suffered the drawback that they could only pass a single bit of information, so the meaning of the message such as ""the enemy has been sighted"" had to be agreed upon in advance. One notable instance of their use was during the Spanish Armada, when a beacon chain relayed a signal from Plymouth to London. In 1792, Claude Chappe, a French engineer, built the first fixed visual telegraphy system (or semaphore line) between Lille and Paris. However semaphore suffered from the need for skilled operators and expensive towers at intervals of ten to thirty kilometres (six to nineteen miles). As a result of competition from the electrical telegraph, the last commercial line was abandoned in 1880. Telegraph and telephone On July 25, 1837, the first commercial electrical telegraph was demonstrated by English inventor Sir William Fothergill Cooke and English scientist Sir Charles Wheatstone. Both inventors viewed their device as ""an improvement to the electromagnetic telegraph"" and not as a new device. Samuel Morse independently developed a version of the electrical telegraph that he unsuccessfully demonstrated on September 2, 1837. His code was an important advance over Wheatstone's signaling method. The first transatlantic telegraph cable was successfully completed on July 27, 1866, allowing transatlantic telecommunication for the first time. The conventional telephone was patented by Alexander Bell in 1876. Elisha Gray also filed a caveat for it in 1876. Gray abandoned his caveat and because he did not contest Bell's priority, the examiner approved Bell's patent on March 3, 1876. Gray had filed his caveat for the variable resistance telephone, but Bell was the first to document the idea and test it in a telephone. Antonio Meucci invented a device that allowed the electrical transmission of voice over a line nearly 30 years before in 1849, but his device was of little practical value because it relied on the electrophonic effect requiring users to place the receiver in their mouths to ""hear."" The first commercial telephone services were set up by the Bell Telephone Company in 1878 and 1879 on both sides of the Atlantic in the cities of New Haven and London. Radio and television In 1894, Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi began developing a wireless communication using the then-newly discovered phenomenon of radio waves, showing by 1901 that they could be transmitted across the Atlantic Ocean. This was the start of wireless telegraphy by radio. On 17 December 1902, a transmission from the Marconi station in Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, became the world's first radio message to cross the Atlantic from North America. In 1904, a commercial service was established to transmit nightly news summaries to subscribing ships, which incorporated them into their onboard newspapers. World War I accelerated the development of radio for military communications. After the war, commercial radio AM broadcasting began in the 1920s and became an important mass medium for entertainment and news. World War II again accelerated the development of radio for the wartime purposes of aircraft and land communication, radio navigation, and radar. Development of stereo FM broadcasting of radio began in the 1930s in the United States and the 1970s in the United Kingdom, displacing AM as the dominant commercial standard. On March 25, 1925, John Logie Baird demonstrated the transmission of moving pictures at the London department store Selfridges. Baird's device relied upon the Nipkow disk and thus became known as the mechanical television. It formed the basis of experimental broadcasts done by the British Broadcasting Corporation beginning on 30 September 1929. However, for most of the 20th century, televisions depended on the cathode ray tube invented by Karl Braun. The first version of such a television to show promise was produced by Philo Farnsworth and demonstrated to his family on 7 September 1927. After World War II, interrupted experiments resumed and television became an important home entertainment broadcast medium. Thermionic valves The type of device known as a thermionic tube or thermionic valve uses thermionic emission of electrons from a heated cathode for a number of fundamental electronic functions such as signal amplification and current rectification. The simplest vacuum tube, the diode invented in 1904 by John Ambrose Fleming, contains only a heated electron-emitting cathode and an anode. Electrons can only flow in one direction through the device—from the cathode to the anode. Adding one or more control grids within the tube enables the current between the cathode and anode to be controlled by the voltage on the grid or grids. These devices became a key component of electronic circuits for the first half of the 20th century and were crucial to the development of radio, television, radar, sound recording and reproduction, long-distance telephone networks, and analogue and early digital computers. While some applications had used earlier technologies such as the spark gap transmitter for radio or mechanical computers for computing, it was the invention of the thermionic vacuum tube that made these technologies widespread and practical, leading to the creation of electronics. In the 1940s, the invention of semiconductor devices made it possible to produce solid-state devices, which are smaller, cheaper, and more efficient, reliable, and durable than thermionic tubes. Starting in the mid-1960s, thermionic tubes were replaced with the transistor. Thermionic tubes still have some applications for certain high-frequency amplifiers. Computer networks and the Internet On 11 September 1940, George Stibitz transmitted problems for his Complex Number Calculator in New York using a teletype and received the computed results back at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. This configuration of a centralized computer (mainframe) with remote dumb terminals remained popular well into the 1970s. In the 1960s, researchers started to investigate packet switching, a technology that sends a message in portions to its destination asynchronously without passing it through a centralized mainframe. A four-node network emerged on 5 December 1969, constituting the beginnings of the ARPANET, which by 1981 had grown to 213 nodes. ARPANET eventually merged with other networks to form the Internet. While Internet development was a focus of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) who published a series of Request for Comments documents, other networking advancements occurred in industrial laboratories, such as the local area network (LAN) developments of Ethernet (1983) and Token Ring (1984)[citation needed]. Growth of transmission capacity The effective capacity to exchange information worldwide through two-way telecommunication networks grew from 281 petabytes (pB) of optimally compressed information in 1986 to 471 pB in 1993 to 2.2 exabytes (eB) in 2000 to 65 eB in 2007. This is the informational equivalent of two newspaper pages per person per day in 1986, and six entire newspapers per person per day by 2007. Given this growth, telecommunications play an increasingly important role in the world economy and the global telecommunications industry was about a $4.7 trillion sector in 2012. The service revenue of the global telecommunications industry was estimated to be $1.5 trillion in 2010, corresponding to 2.4% of the world's gross domestic product (GDP).","Beacons, telegraph, telephone, radio, television, thermionic valves, computer networks and the Internet",summarization What is a Central Bank?,,"A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages the currency and monetary policy of a country or monetary union, and oversees their commercial banking system. In contrast to a commercial bank, a central bank possesses a monopoly on increasing the monetary base. Most central banks also have supervisory and regulatory powers to ensure the stability of member institutions, to prevent bank runs, and to discourage reckless or fraudulent behavior by member banks.",open_qa why is context switching bad for computer performance?,,"context switching, which occurs when a process is paused by the cpu and another process starts running can affect performance of a computer systems for a couple of reasons. The act of switching the context is not in itself very time consuming. The real performance hit comes from the fact that different processes have different virtual memory address spaces so all the caches in the system need to be invalidated and flushed. Since there is such a huge difference in how fast a cpu can run compared to how fast instructions and data can be retrieved from main memory, these things are cached close to the cpu in onboard caches. Even a pointer to a mapping of virtual addresses to physical addresses are cached so that memory access is faster. When a new process gets loaded by the cpu with a different address space and mapping of virtual to physical addresses, all of the data in the caches is invalid and needs to be flushed. This leaves the cpu with empty caches that have to be rebuilt from scratch for the new process, meaning there will be a big slowdown in retrieving instructions and data since these will now be coming from main memory, which is much slower than the cpu's cache.",open_qa "What links the names Botvinik, Tal, Karpov, Fischer",,Chess World Champs,open_qa Summarize the key developments in human evolution based on the paragraph below,"Primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago (mya), in the Late Cretaceous period, with their earliest fossils appearing over 55 mya, during the Paleocene. Primates produced successive clades leading to the ape superfamily, which gave rise to the hominid and the gibbon families; these diverged some 15–20 mya. African and Asian hominids (including orangutans) diverged about 14 mya. Hominins (including the Australopithecine and Panina subtribes) parted from the Gorillini tribe (gorillas) between 8–9 mya; Australopithecine (including the extinct biped ancestors of humans) separated from the Pan genus (containing chimpanzees and bonobos) 4–7 mya. The Homo genus is evidenced by the appearance of H. habilis over 2 mya, while anatomically modern humans emerged in Africa approximately 300,000 years ago.","1) Primates diverged from other mammals 85 million years ago 2) The hominid family emerged 15-20 million years ago. 3) Hominins parted from gorillas between 8 and 9 million years ago 4) Australopithecines separated from the Pan genus 4-7 million years ago 5) The Homo genus appeared over 2 million years ago 6) Anatomically modern humans emerged in Afirca 300,000 years ago",summarization When was Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj born?,"Shivaji Shivaji Bhosale (19 February 1630 – 3 April 1680), popularly known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj , was an Indian king and founder of the Maratha Empire . Shivaraya carved out his own independent kingdom from the decaying Adilshahi of Bijapur and established the Maratha Empire. A.D. He was formally enthroned as Chhatrapati in 1674 at Raigad Fort . During his reign, Shivaji Maharaj had both alliances and enmity with the Mughal Empire , the Qutub Shahi of Gowalkonda , the Adil Shahi of Bijapur and the European colonial powers. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj built a powerful and progressive state on the strength of a disciplined army and a well-organized administrative system. Apart from repairing the forts in the coastal and interior regions, he also built many new forts. Shivarai established a competent and progressive civil government with disciplined administrative organizations. He revived the ancient Hindu political traditions, court conventions. With his excellent knowledge of the terrain, amazing speed of movement and the technique of guerilla poetry , he successfully fought the mighty Mughal and Adil Shahi forces with a small force. He encouraged the use of Marathi and Sanskrit languages ​​instead of Parsi , which was the norm at that time, in governance . In the Indian freedom struggle, nationalist leaders used Shivaji Maharaj's heroic stories to rally people and boost their morale. This portrait of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is from the British Museum in London . h 1680-1687 Shivaji Maharaj's legacy varied with observers and time. But nearly two centuries after his death, he began to gain more prominence with the rise of the Indian independence movement as many Indian freedom fighters considered him a proto-nationalist and Hindu hero. Shivaji Maharaj has a great influence in the social and political history of Maharashtra . Shivaji Maharaj is an integral part of the identity of the Marathi people . Shivaji Maharaj's birthday is celebrated as Shiv Jayanti . ","Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was born on 19, February 1630",closed_qa "Classify each of the following as either a dog breed or cat breed: german shepherd, bulldog, labrador retriever, french bulldog, siberian husky, alaskan malamute, poodle, chihuahua, rottweiler, british shorthair, maine coon, persian, ragdoll, sphynx, american shorthair, birman, russian blue",,"german shepherd - dog, bulldog - dog, labrador retriever - dog, french bulldog - dog, siberian husky - dog, alaskan malamute - dog, poodle - dog, chihuahua - dog, rottweiler - dog, british shorthair - cat, maine coon - cat, persian - cat, ragdoll - cat, sphynx - cat, american shorthair - cat, birman - cat, russian blue - cat",classification Which is a species of fish? Wahoo or Yahoo,,Wahoo,classification "What is the pattern in this sequence and what is the next number: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13",,In this sequence the pattern is that each number is the sum of the two previous numbers. Therefore the next number in this sequence is 21.,open_qa Can Penguins fly?,"Penguins (order Sphenisciformes /sfɪˈnɪsəfɔːrmiːz/, family Spheniscidae /sfɪˈnɪsɪdiː, -daɪ/) are a group of aquatic flightless birds. They live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere: only one species, the Galápagos penguin, is found north of the Equator. Highly adapted for life in the water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage and flippers for swimming. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and other forms of sea life which they catch with their bills and swallow whole while swimming. A penguin has a spiny tongue and powerful jaws to grip slippery prey.",Penguins are a group of aquatic flightless birds.,closed_qa Name some famous Sci-Fi movies,,"Some famous Sci-Fi movies are Star Wars, 2001: A Space Odyssey and Blade Runner",open_qa What are all the different types of alpaca breeds?,,"The alpaca comes in two breeds, Suri and Huacaya, based on their fibers rather than scientific or European classifications. Huacaya alpacas are the most commonly found, constituting about 90% of the population. The Huacaya alpaca is thought to have originated in post-colonial Peru. This is due to their thicker fleece which makes them more suited to survive in the higher altitudes of the Andes after being pushed into the highlands of Peru with the arrival of the Spanish. Suri alpacas represent a smaller portion of the total alpaca population, around 10%. They are thought to have been more prevalent in pre-Columbian Peru since they could be kept at a lower altitude where a thicker fleece was not needed for harsh weather conditions.",open_qa What is the best hotel in Sakleshpur,,Rosetta By Ferns. The food and Hospitality is outstanding.,brainstorming How deep can the roots of Big Bluestem grass go into the ground?,,"In ideal conditions, the roots of Big Bluestem grass can go six to seven feet deep.",open_qa What are the pros and cons of charging a Tesla at Public Charging Stations?,,"Public charging stations are often the fastest and most efficient ways to charge your Tesla Model Y. It can take under an hour to charge your Model Y if you use rapid chargers at a public charging point. You can find public charging stations all over the country. Pros Public charging stations are the only place you'll find rapid or ultra-rapid charging, although not all public charging networks provide these speeds. This is the fastest way to charge your EV. Some charging stations are free, such as Pod Point's Tesco charging points. Cons The biggest problem with this option is there's too much variety. Trying to figure out how to find the right charging station that meets your requirements can get complicated. Each network has different locations, different prices and different apps.",open_qa "Given this text of Mao Zedong, tell me how many people were killed in Mao's era through starvation, persecution, prison labour, and mass executions?","Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which he led as the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from the establishment of the PRC in 1949 until his death in 1976. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist, his theories, military strategies, and political policies are collectively known as Maoism. Mao was the son of a prosperous peasant in Shaoshan, Hunan. He supported Chinese nationalism and had an anti-imperialist outlook early in his life, and was particularly influenced by the events of the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and May Fourth Movement of 1919. He later adopted Marxism–Leninism while working at Peking University as a librarian and became a founding member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), leading the Autumn Harvest Uprising in 1927. During the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang (KMT) and the CCP, Mao helped to found the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, led the Jiangxi Soviet's radical land reform policies, and ultimately became head of the CCP during the Long March. Although the CCP temporarily allied with the KMT under the Second United Front during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), China's civil war resumed after Japan's surrender, and Mao's forces defeated the Nationalist government, which withdrew to Taiwan in 1949. On 1 October 1949, Mao proclaimed the foundation of the PRC, a Marxist–Leninist single-party state controlled by the CCP. In the following years he solidified his control through the Chinese Land Reform against landlords, the Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries, the ""Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns"", and through a truce in the Korean War, which altogether resulted in the deaths of several million Chinese. From 1953 to 1958, Mao played an important role in enforcing command economy in China, constructing the first Constitution of the PRC, launching the industrialisation program, and initiating military projects such as the ""Two Bombs, One Satellite"" project and Project 523. His foreign policies during this time were dominated by the Sino-Soviet split which drove a wedge between China and the Soviet Union. In 1955, Mao launched the Sufan movement, and in 1957 he launched the Anti-Rightist Campaign, in which at least 550,000 people, mostly intellectuals and dissidents, were persecuted. In 1958, he launched the Great Leap Forward that aimed to rapidly transform China's economy from agrarian to industrial, which led to the deadliest famine in history and the deaths of 15–55 million people between 1958 and 1962. In 1963, Mao launched the Socialist Education Movement, and in 1966 he initiated the Cultural Revolution, a program to remove ""counter-revolutionary"" elements in Chinese society which lasted 10 years and was marked by violent class struggle, widespread destruction of cultural artifacts, and an unprecedented elevation of Mao's cult of personality. Tens of millions of people were persecuted during the Revolution, while the estimated number of deaths ranges from hundreds of thousands to millions. After years of ill health, Mao suffered a series of heart attacks in 1976 and died at the age of 82. During the Mao era, China's population grew from around 550 million to over 900 million while the government did not strictly enforce its family planning policy. Widely regarded as one of the most influential figures of the twentieth century, Mao remains a controversial figure within and outside China. Beyond politics, Mao is also known as a theorist, military strategist, and poet. Mao has been credited with transforming China from a semi-colony to a leading world power, with greatly advanced literacy, women's rights, basic healthcare, primary education and life expectancy. However, Mao's government was responsible for vast numbers of deaths, with estimates ranging from 40 to 80 million victims through starvation, persecution, prison labour, and mass executions. During his leadership tenure, China was heavily involved with other Asian communist conflicts such as the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Cambodian Civil War.","Mao's government was responsible for vast numbers of deaths, with estimates ranging from 40 to 80 million victims through starvation, persecution, prison labour, and mass executions.",closed_qa Who Invented the Zamboni,,"A zamboni is also known as an ice resurfacer. It was invented in 1949 in California, by Frank Zamboni. Zamboni was an American inventor and engineer. His inspiration came from the fact that he owned an ice skating rink in California and the process to resurface the ice was very time consuming. Through his refrigeration background during the years of 1941-1947 he began working on the first prototype.",open_qa Who was Christopher Columbus?,,"Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer and navigator who completed four voyages across the Atlantic ocean. Scholars believe he was born between August 25th and October 31st 1451 and he is know for the expeditions that inaugurated a period of exploration in Europe that resulted in the colonization of many countries in the Americas that lasted for centuries. Many places in the western hemisphere bear his name including Colombia (the country), British Columbia (province in Canada), District of Columbia (capital of the US) and Columbus (city in Ohio). Christopher Columbus died on May 20th, 1506.",open_qa "Based on this passage, which years did the Patriots win the Super Bowl?","The Patriots hired head coach Bill Belichick, who had served as defensive coordinator under Parcells including during Super Bowl XXXI, in 2000. Their new home field, Gillette Stadium, opened in 2002 to replace the aging Foxboro Stadium. Long–time starting quarterback Drew Bledsoe, who was the franchise's star throughout the 1990s, went down with a sheared blood vessel in his chest in a week two match–up in 2001 against the rival New York Jets. Backup quarterback Tom Brady, drafted by the Patriots in sixth round of the 2000 NFL draft, became the starting quarterback. Brady's successful play led to Bledsoe never getting his job back as a starter, and would serve as the franchise's starting quarterback for the next 18 years. Under Belichick and Brady, the Patriots became one of the most consistently dominant teams in the NFL, with many describing the team as a ""dynasty"". Within the first few seasons of the 21st century, the team won three Super Bowls in four seasons (2001, 2003, and 2004), over the St. Louis Rams, Carolina Panthers, and Philadelphia Eagles, respectively. The Patriots finished the 2007 regular season with a perfect 16–0 record, becoming only the fourth team in league history to go undefeated in the regular season, and the only one since the league expanded its regular season schedule to 16 games. After advancing to Super Bowl XLII, the team's fourth Super Bowl in seven years, the Patriots were upset by the Giants to end their bid for a 19–0 season. With the loss, the Patriots ended the year at 18–1, becoming only one of three teams to go 18–1 along with the 1984 San Francisco 49ers and the 1985 Chicago Bears. However, both the Bears and 49ers lost their only game during the regular season, and both would win their respective Super Bowl. The Patriots returned to the Super Bowl in 2011 but lost again to the Giants, 21–17. In 2014, the Patriots reached a record-tying eighth Super Bowl, where they defeated the defending champion Seattle Seahawks by a score of 28–24 to win Super Bowl XLIX for their fourth title. After Seattle had driven the ball to New England's 1-yard line with under a minute to go, New England rookie cornerback Malcolm Butler made a critical interception on Seattle's final offensive play that helped to seal the victory. New England became the first team to reach nine Super Bowls in the 2016–17 playoffs and faced the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl LI. Losing 28–3 midway through the third quarter, the Patriots scored 25 unanswered points to tie the game in the final seconds of regulation. In the first overtime in Super Bowl history, the Patriots won the coin toss and scored a touchdown to claim their fifth Super Bowl victory. The Patriots extended their record to ten Super Bowl appearances in the 2017–18 playoffs but lost to the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl LII. The Patriots returned to the championship game for a third consecutive season in Super Bowl LIII, where they defeated the Los Angeles Rams 13–3 to win their sixth Super Bowl, tying them with the Pittsburgh Steelers for most Super Bowl victories in NFL history.","The Patriots won the Super Bowl in 2001, 2003, 2004, 2014, 2017, and 2019.",closed_qa What are some ways to cool off on a hot day?,,"You can cool off on a hot day by drinking cold drinks, eating ice cream, going for a swim, removing jackets or heavy clothing, moving out of the sun or going to an air conditioned area",brainstorming What kind of animal is the Diaea dorsata,,"Diaea dorsata is one of the smaller crab spiders, with a palearctic distribution. Females can grow up to 6 mm, males up to 4 mm. Prosoma and legs are green, the opisthosoma is yellowish with a brown mark.",open_qa Which countries are the world's largest or biggest manufacturer in terms of $ value?,,"According to data from the World Bank, in 2021, the world's largest or biggest manufacturers in terms of $ output are: 1. China, $4,865,827.26 2. United States, 2,497,131.58 3. Japan, $995,308.97 4. Germany, $803,213.14 5. South Korea, $461,104.31 6. India, $443,911.66 7. Italy, $314,095.61 8. United Kingdom, $274,872.28 9. France, $262,642.86 10. Russian Federation, $256,958.27",open_qa What can you produce by chopping down a tree?,,"Trees can be chopped for wood, or paper products.",open_qa "What is the difference between a fried egg prepared ""sunny-side-up"" and an egg prepared ""over-easy""?",,"""Sunny-side-up"" refers to an egg that is fried only on one side and then removed from the pan. ""Over-easy"" refers to a fried egg that is briefly flipped and cooked on the other side, but not so long that the yolk becomes hardened.",open_qa Is my children's school information available to anyone on the Internet?,,"Although the website is accessible over the internet, access to your student’s information is secured by a username and password. Parents can view information about their children only. They cannot access the records of other students. The application is hosted within your children's school district infrastructure – no third-party vendor is hosting this.",open_qa What was the home port of the Aquila?,"After completing her fitting out, Aquila got underway from Bremerton, Washington, on 15 July 1982 in company with Taurus (PHM-3) and Frederick (LST-1184) and shaped a course for her home port, Key West, Florida. Frederick escorted the two guided-missile hydrofoil gunboats as far as Rodman in the Canal Zone where El Paso (LKA-117) took over. Aquila and her traveling companions transited the Panama Canal on 8 August and arrived in Key West three days later. The warship spent the remainder of 1982 conducting shakedown and other training out of her base at the Trumbo Point Annex, Naval Air Station, Key West, Florida. During the first quarter of 1983, post-shakedown repairs occupied her time. That spring, Aquila embarked upon a schedule of normal training duties out of Key West that occupied her time through the summer and into the all of 1983. From 10 to 20 October, she joined Taurus and Spartanburg County (LST-1192) for special operations in the Caribbean Sea.","The Aquila home port was Trumbo Point Annex, Naval Air Station, Key West, Florida.",information_extraction "Which of the followings are Chinese martial arts? Tai chi, Shaolin, Wing chun, Boxing, Taekwondo, Karate",,"Tai chi, Shaolin, and Wing chun are Chinese martial arts. Notably Bruce Lee was a practitioner of Wing chun. Boxing, Taekwondo, and Karate are not Chinese martial arts.",classification Name some of the cast members of the movie Spiderman.,"Spider-Man is a 2002 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero of the same name. Directed by Sam Raimi from a screenplay by David Koepp, it is the first installment in Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy, and stars Tobey Maguire as the titular character, alongside Willem Dafoe, Kirsten Dunst, James Franco, Cliff Robertson, and Rosemary Harris. The film chronicles Spider-Man's origin story and early superhero career. After being bitten by a genetically-altered spider, outcast teenager Peter Parker develops spider-like superhuman abilities and adopts a masked superhero identity to fight crime and injustice in New York City, facing the sinister Green Goblin (Dafoe) in the process. Development on a live-action Spider-Man film began in the 1980s. Filmmakers Tobe Hooper, James Cameron, and Joseph Zito were all attached to direct the film at one point. However, the project would languish in development hell due to licensing and financial issues. After progress on the film stalled for nearly 25 years, it was licensed for a worldwide release by Columbia Pictures in 1999 after it acquired options from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) on all previous scripts developed by Cannon Films, Carolco, and New Cannon. Exercising its option on just two elements from the multi-script acquisition (a different screenplay was written by James Cameron, Ted Newsom, John Brancato, Barney Cohen, and Joseph Goldman), Sony hired Koepp to create a working screenplay (credited as Cameron's), and Koepp received sole credit in final billing. Directors Roland Emmerich, Ang Lee, Chris Columbus, Barry Sonnenfeld, Tim Burton, Michael Bay, Jan de Bont, M. Night Shyamalan, Tony Scott, and David Fincher were considered to direct the project before Raimi was hired as director in 2000. The Koepp script was rewritten by Scott Rosenberg during pre-production and received a dialogue polish from Alvin Sargent during production. Filming took place in Los Angeles and New York City from January to June 2001. Sony Pictures Imageworks handled the film's visual effects.","Tobey Maguire, Willem Dafoe, Kirsten Dunst, James Franco, Cliff Robertson, and Rosemary Harris.",information_extraction Provide a bulleted list of the controversies regarding Uber and a brief summary of each,"Controversies Ignoring and evading local regulations Uber has been criticized for its strategy of generally commencing operations in a city without regard for local regulations. If faced with regulatory opposition, Uber called for public support for its service and mounted a political campaign, supported by lobbying, to change regulations. Uber argued that it is ""a technology company"" and not a taxi company, and therefore it was not subject to regulations affecting taxi companies. Uber's strategy was generally to ""seek forgiveness rather than permission"". In 2014, with regards to airport pickups without a permit in California, drivers were actually told to ignore local regulations and that the company would pay for any citations. Uber's response to California Assembly Bill 5 (2019), whereby it announced that it would not comply with the law, then engaged lobbyists and mounted an expensive public opinion campaign to overturn it via a ballot, was cited as an example of this policy. Taxi companies sued Uber in numerous American cities, alleging that Uber's policy of violating taxi regulations was a form of unfair competition or a violation of antitrust law. Although some courts did find that Uber intentionally violated the taxi rules, Uber prevailed in every case, including the only case to proceed to trial. In March 2017, an investigation by The New York Times revealed that Uber developed a software tool called ""Greyball"" to avoid giving rides to known law enforcement officers in areas where its service was illegal such as in Portland, Oregon, Australia, South Korea, and China. The tool identified government officials using geofencing, mining credit card databases, identifying devices, and searches of social media. While at first, Uber stated that it only used the tool to identify riders that violated its terms of service, after investigations by Portland, Oregon, and the United States Department of Justice, Uber admitted to using the tool to skirt local regulations and promised not to use the tool for that purpose. The use of Greyball in London was cited by Transport for London as one of the reasons for its decision not to renew Uber's private hire operator licence in September 2017. A January 2018 report by Bloomberg News stated that Uber routinely used a ""panic button"" system, codenamed ""Ripley"", that locked, powered off and changed passwords on staff computers when those offices were subjected to government raids. Uber allegedly used this button at least 24 times, from spring 2015 until late 2016. Counter-intelligence research on class action plaintiffs In 2016 Uber hired the global security consulting firm Ergo to secretly investigate plaintiffs involved in a class action lawsuit. Ergo operatives posed as acquaintances of the plaintiff's counsel and tried to contact their associates to obtain information that could be used against them. The result of which was found out causing the judge to throw out evidence obtained as obtained in a fraudulent manner. Sexual harassment allegations and management shakeup (2017) On February 19, 2017, former Uber engineer Susan Fowler published on her website that she was propositioned for sex by a manager and subsequently threatened with termination of employment by another manager if she continued to report the incident. Kalanick was alleged to have been aware of the complaint. On February 27, 2017, Amit Singhal, Uber's Senior Vice President of Engineering, was forced to resign after he failed to disclose a sexual harassment claim against him that occurred while he served as Vice President of Google Search. After investigations led by former attorney general Eric Holder and Arianna Huffington, a member of Uber's board of directors, in June 2017, Uber fired over 20 employees. Kalanick took an indefinite leave of absence but, under pressure from investors, he resigned as CEO a week later. Also departing the company in June 2017 was Emil Michael, a senior vice president who suggested that Uber hire a team of opposition researchers and journalists, with a million-dollar budget, to ""dig up dirt"" on the personal lives and backgrounds of journalists who reported negatively on Uber, specifically targeting Sarah Lacy, editor of PandoDaily, who, in an article published in October 2014, accused Uber of sexism and misogyny in its advertising. In August 2018, Uber agreed to pay a total of $7 million to settle claims of gender discrimination, harassment, and hostile work environment, with 480 employees and former employees receiving $10,700 each and 56 of those employees and former employees receiving an additional $33,900 each. In December 2019, Kalanick resigned from the board of directors of the company and sold his shares. Delayed disclosure of data breaches On February 27, 2015, Uber admitted that it had suffered a data breach more than nine months prior. Names and license plate information from approximately 50,000 drivers were inadvertently disclosed. Uber discovered this leak in September 2014, but waited more than five months to notify the affected individuals. An announcement in November 2017 revealed that in 2016, a separate data breach had disclosed the personal information of 600,000 drivers and 57 million customers. This data included names, email addresses, phone numbers, and drivers' license information. Hackers used employees' usernames and passwords that had been compromised in previous breaches (a ""credential stuffing"" method) to gain access to a private GitHub repository used by Uber's developers. The hackers located credentials for the company's Amazon Web Services datastore in the repository files, and were able to obtain access to the account records of users and drivers, as well as other data contained in over 100 Amazon S3 buckets. Uber paid a $100,000 ransom to the hackers on the promise they would delete the stolen data. Uber was subsequently criticized for concealing this data breach. Khosrowshahi publicly apologized. In September 2018, in the largest multi-state settlement of a data breach, Uber paid $148 million to the Federal Trade Commission, admitted that its claim that internal access to consumers' personal information was closely monitored on an ongoing basis was false, and stated that it had failed to live up to its promise to provide reasonable security for consumer data. Also in November 2018, Uber's British divisions were fined £385,000 (reduced to £308,000) by the Information Commissioner's Office. In 2020, the US Department of Justice announced criminal charges against former Chief Security Officer Joe Sullivan for obstruction of justice. The criminal complaint said Sullivan arranged, with Kalanick's knowledge, to pay a ransom for the 2016 breach as a ""bug bounty"" to conceal its true nature, and for the hackers to falsify non-disclosure agreements to say they had not obtained any data.","The following is a summary of the controversies around Uber: - Ignoring and Evading Local Regulations: Historically, Uber has launched in new cities without obtaining regulatory approval or following laws - Counter-intelligence Research on Class Action Plaintiffs: Uber secretly investigated plaintiffs to obtain information that could be used against them - Sexual Harassment Allegations and Management Shakeup: A former employee published a public letter exposing her experiences being sexually harassed while at Uber. This eventually lead to the ousting of the former CEO and an overhaul of the management team - Delayed Disclosure of Data Breaches: Uber experienced data breaches in the past, the company would not disclose the breach to authorities until multiple months later",summarization "Classify the following as either an insect or a dog breed: mosquito, Labrador retriever, German shepherd, ant, Siberian husky, poodle, and ladybug.",,"The insects are the mosquito, ant, and ladybug. The dog breeds are the Labrador retriever, German shepherd, Siberian husky, and poodle.",classification I want to buy a work monitor which is to be used along with the laptop. What features of monitor should be considered?,,"Based on type of work For coding or text content creation - size 24-28 inch monitor would suffice - resolution 1920 * 1080 or lower - can be swirled to landscape or portrait mode - refresh rate of 60-90 hz For video or game content creation - size 28 or higher curved monitors - resolution QHD, UHD, 4K - refresh rate 120 hz - preferable having speakers",open_qa Extract the owner of Lamborghini and a listing of the different types of Huracan cars that Lamborghini has produced for its Motorsport division.,"Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [autoˈmɔːbili lamborˈɡiːni]) is an Italian manufacturer of luxury sports cars and SUVs based in Sant'Agata Bolognese. The company is owned by the Volkswagen Group through its subsidiary Audi. Ferruccio Lamborghini (1916–1993), an Italian manufacturing magnate, founded Automobili Ferruccio Lamborghini S.p.A. in 1963 to compete with Ferrari. The company was noted for using a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout. Lamborghini grew rapidly during its first decade, but sales plunged in the wake of the 1973 worldwide financial downturn and the oil crisis. The firm's ownership changed three times after 1973, including a bankruptcy in 1978. American Chrysler Corporation took control of Lamborghini in 1987 and sold it to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994. In 1998, Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to the Volkswagen Group where it was placed under the control of the group's Audi division. New products and model lines were introduced to the brand's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand. In the late 2000s, during the worldwide financial crisis and the subsequent economic crisis, Lamborghini's sales saw a drop of nearly 50 per cent. Lamborghini currently produces the V12-powered Aventador and the V10-powered Huracán, along with the Urus SUV powered by a twin-turbo V8 engine. In addition, the company produces V12 engines for offshore powerboat racing. Lamborghini Trattori, founded in 1948 by Ferruccio Lamborghini, is headquartered in Pieve di Cento, Italy and continues to produce tractors. Since 1973, Lamborghini Trattori has been a separate entity from the automobile manufacturer. History Main article: History of Lamborghini Ferruccio Lamborghini with a Jarama and a tractor of his brand Manufacturing magnate Italian Ferruccio Lamborghini founded the company in 1963 with the objective of producing a refined grand touring car to compete with offerings from established marques such as Ferrari. The company's first models, such as the 350 GT, were released in the mid-1960s. Lamborghini was noted for the 1966 Miura sports coupé, which used a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout. Lamborghini grew rapidly during its first ten years, but sales fell in the wake of the 1973 worldwide financial downturn and the oil crisis. Ferruccio Lamborghini sold the company to Georges-Henri Rossetti and René Leimer and retired in 1974. The company went bankrupt in 1978, and was placed in the receivership of brothers Jean-Claude and Patrick Mimran in 1980. The Mimrans purchased the company out of receivership by 1984 and invested heavily in its expansion. Under the Mimrans' management, Lamborghini's model line was expanded from the Countach to include the Jalpa sports car and the LM002 high-performance off-road vehicle. The Mimrans sold Lamborghini to the Chrysler Corporation in 1987. After replacing the Countach with the Diablo and discontinuing the Jalpa and the LM002, Chrysler sold Lamborghini to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994. In 1998, Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to the Volkswagen Group where it was placed under the control of the group's Audi division. New products and model lines were introduced to the brand's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand Lamborghini. In the late 2000s, during the worldwide financial crisis and the subsequent economic crisis, Lamborghini's sales saw a drop of nearly 50 per cent. In 2021, the CEO of Lamborghini said that by 2024 all its models will be hybrid. Automobiles produced Lamborghini Motorsport Division Squadra Corse produces GT3 cars and cars for their Super Trofeo events based on the Gallardo and Huracán. Apart from them, the Squadra Corse builds cars upon customer request. GT3 and Super Trofeo Cars Gallardo LP 570-4 Super Trofeo Gallardo LP 560-4 Super Trofeo Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO2 Huracán Super Trofeo GT2 Huracán GT3 Huracán GT3 Evo Huracán GT3 Evo 2 Special cars These cars were built by Squadra Corse upon customer request. Essenza SCV12 SC18 Alston SC20","Vokswagen Group owns Lamborghini through its subsidiary, Audi. Lamborghini has produced the following Huracan motorsport models: - Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO - Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO2 - Huracán Super Trofeo GT2 - Huracán GT3 - Huracán GT3 Evo - Huracán GT3 Evo 2",information_extraction Provide me a list of the different types of harnesses used in rock climbing,"Different types of climbing warrant particular features for harnesses. Sport climbers typically use minimalistic harnesses, some with sewn-on gear loops. Alpine climbers often choose lightweight harnesses, perhaps with detachable leg loops. Big Wall climbers generally prefer padded waist belts and leg loops. There are also full body harnesses for children, whose pelvises may be too narrow to support a standard harness safely. These harnesses prevent children from falling even when inverted, and are either manufactured for children or constructed out of webbing. Some climbers use full body harnesses when there is a chance of inverting, or when carrying a heavy bag. There are also chest harnesses, which are used only in combination with a sit harness. Test results from UIAA show that chest harnesses do not put more impact on the neck than sit harnesses, giving them the same advantages as full body harness. Apart from these harnesses, there are also caving and canyoning harnesses, which all serve different purposes. For example, a caving harness is made of tough waterproof and unpadded material, with dual attachment points. Releasing the maillon from these attachment points loosens the harness quickly. Canyoning harnesses are somewhat like climbing harnesses, often without the padding, but with a seat protector, making it more comfortable to rappel. These usually have a single attachment point of Dyneema.","Minimalistic Harness: has gear loops that are sewn on Lightweight Harness: has leg loops that are removable Big Wall Harness: uses padded waist belts and leg loops Full Body Harness: mostly for children with small pelvises, or for scenarios that risk inversion Chest Harness: to be used with a sit harness Caving Harness: made of ultra durable material and multiple attachment points Canyon Harness: has a built-in seat protector for rappeling.",summarization "Tell me whether these dog breeds need lots of exercise: Golden Retriever, German Shepherd, Springer, Husky, French Bulldog, Pekingese, Pomeranian, Chihuahua",,"Golden Retriever and German Shepherd need daily constant exercise, at least twice a day. Springers needs lots of exercise as well, preferred 2 hours per day. Similarly for Husky. On the other hand, French Bulldog's need on exercise is minimal and owners should avoid high intensity exercise for French Bulldog. Similarly for Pekingese, as they have shorter nose, so owners should not overdo the exercise otherwise Pekingese will struggle. Owners should also avoid overdoing exercise for Pomeranian. Chihuahua doesn't need as much exercise as retrievers or Shepherds, but it still need certain level of exercise to keep active. It's the best to consult your vet per your dog's condition.",classification What is the tallest tree in the world,,Coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens),open_qa What watch should I buy?,,"Purchasing a wristwatch is based on your individual desires, preferences and budget. You can purchase ultra high end watches like Patek Phillipe, Rolex and Richard Mille. There are popular tool watches such as Omega Seamaster and the Rolex Submariner which are both great starter watches for collectors. Watch prices vary based on price, materials and the movement. Quartz movement has become a popular alternative to Automatic or Manual watches however watch enthusiasts prefer to have a self-winding watch.",creative_writing Give me a list of things to enable a support team on their technical strengths,,"1) Setup a daily stand up that becomes a platform for people to discuss their challenges. This platform will be a significant source of technical brainstorming. It enables people with technical competencies to guide the person asking for help. At the same time it allows for every one else to get familiar with an issue and its solution even if they haven't experienced it yet. Culturally this should be a judgement free zone. It should eliminate inhibitions to raise challenges. 2) Setup a cadence (weekly, bi weekly, monthly) for members of team to discuss their most interesting customer issues. They should cover the problem statement, symptom, assessment/diagnosis of the issue, approaches to solve the problem. The last piece around approaches to solve the problem is key as it equips others to incorporate effective options in their troubleshooting toolbox 3) Collaborate with product managers to setup a broader feature level enablement cadence. 4) Create mentorship programs where junior members can shadow seniors on their customer calls and learn technical cops as well as communication cops by just being a fly on the wall. At the same time seniors should shadow juniors on their customer calls and give them direct feedback on what needs to be improved",brainstorming When was the Wold Bison Jump in active use?,"The Wold Bison Jump is an archeological site in Johnson County, Wyoming, United States. An area at the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015. The site was used during the 1300s to 1600s by Native Americans to kill bison by stampeding them over a cliff. The site is relatively attractive for that purpose because the cliff is not visible to the bison from afar, and the routes by which the bison must be channeled are relatively efficiently managed",The Wold Bison Jump was estimated to be active from 1300s to 1600s.,information_extraction "Based on the information below, when might people have started baking bread?","Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. While humans started gathering grains at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers only began planting them around 11,500 years ago. Sheep, goats, pigs and cattle were domesticated around 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. In the twentieth century, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monocultures came to dominate agricultural output.","Bread typically requires grains as an ingredient, so it’s feasible that humans could make bread when they started gathering grains 105,000 years ago. However, it may be more likely that they began baking bread around the time they began intentionally planting grains 11,500 years ago.",information_extraction What is the JRE in Java?,,The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is software that Java programs require to run correctly. Java is a computer language that powers many current web and mobile applications. The JRE is the underlying technology that communicates between the Java program and the operating system.,open_qa Give me a bulleted list of 5 hobbies I should try.,,"Sure, I'd be happy to give you a bulleted list of 5 hobbies you should try. - Pickle ball - Woodworking - Painting - Biking - Crocheting I hope you like the 5 suggestions above and try a new hobby!",brainstorming Give me an overview of how promotion and relegation works in the English Premier League,"Competition There are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the course of a season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, the head-to-head record between the tied teams is taken into consideration (points scored in the matches between the teams, followed by away goals in those matches.) If two teams are still tied, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank. Promotion and relegation A system of promotion and relegation exists between the Premier League and the EFL Championship. The three lowest placed teams in the Premier League are relegated to the Championship, and the top two teams from the Championship promoted to the Premier League, with an additional team promoted after a series of play-offs involving the third, fourth, fifth and sixth placed clubs. The number of clubs was reduced from 22 to 20 in 1995, when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted. The top flight had only been expanded to 22 teams at the start of the 1991–92 season – the year prior to the formation of the Premier League. On 8 June 2006, FIFA requested that all major European leagues, including Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga, be reduced to 18 teams by the start of the 2007–08 season. The Premier League responded by announcing their intention to resist such a reduction. Ultimately, the 2007–08 season kicked off again with 20 teams.",The bottom 3 teams in the Premier League are relegated to the EFL Championship. The top 2 teams and the winner of a tournament between the 3rd through 6th ranked teams in the EFL Championship are promoted to the Premiere League.,summarization "What are some of the best things about a summertime visit to Mount Desert Island, Maine?",,"Mount Desert Island is wonderful in the summer, with some of the best things about it being a bike ride on the carriage roads, sitting on rocks at Little Hunter's Beach, eating lobster at Beal's Lobster Pier, going for a walk on Sand Beach, hiking up Champlain Mountain, browsing the shops of Bar Harbor, and driving the scenic Park Loop Road.",brainstorming What are some of the most popular fantasy books from the last ten years?,,"Some of the most popular fantasy books from the last ten years include The Stormlight Archives series by Brandon Sanderson, the first of which is The Way of Kings, as well as the series A Song of Ice and Fire from George R.R. Martin, popularly known as A Game of Thrones due to both the first book in the series as well as the popular TV show based on the series. Other popular fantasy books include The Name of the Wind by Patrick Rothfuss, and, while certainly not written in the last ten years, The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien remains extremely popular.",open_qa "Which one of these does not belong - Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Pluto, Mercury",,"Pluto is the odd one out in this list of celestial bodies as it is no longer considered a planet. Pluto was classified as a dwarf planet in 2006. To be considered a planet, a celestial body needs to meet 3 conditions : 1. It has to be in orbit around the Sun, 2. It needs to have sufficient mass for its self-gravity to form a nearly round shape 3. It must be big enough to clear its neighborhood of any similarly sized objects around its orbit. Pluto failed to meet the 3rd criteria as there are other similarly sized objects in the Kuiper belt.",classification "Given this paragraph about cycling, who holds the record for the most Tour de France stage victories?","As a road cyclist, Mark Cavendish turned professional in 2005, and achieved eleven wins in his first professional season. Cavendish has won 34 Tour de France stages, tying him for first on the all-time list with Eddy Merckx, contributing to a third-highest total of fifty-three Grand Tour stage victories. He won the Men's road race at the 2011 road world championships, becoming the second male British rider to do so after Tom Simpson. Cavendish has also won the points classification in all three of the grand tours: the 2010 Vuelta a España, the 2011, and 2021 Tours de France and the 2013 Giro d'Italia. In 2012, he became the first person to win the final Champs-Élysées stage in the Tour de France in four consecutive years.",Mark Cavendish is tied with Eddie Merckx for the most Tour de France stage victories with 34.,closed_qa Write the first paragraph of an advertising brochure describing an hotel nearby the Annecy Lake in France,,"This fantastic hotel is ideally located, minutes away from the Annecy Lake, one of the purest in Europe. The water temperature reaches 27 degrees celcius at the peak season, allowing the guests to swim and enjoy several water activities including wake surf and pedalo. Finally, this region is known for being the home of several cheese specialties like ""Raclette"" and ""Tartiflette"" to name a few.",creative_writing Please provide me with ideas for dinner tonight.,,"Sure! Here are 2 ideas. 1) Ordering in: You can see what restaurants in your area offer home delivery, and select something that works well for you! Some common things to order are Pizza, Sushi, Tacos, Fried Rice, and more! 2) Check in your fridge and pantry, and cook at home! Here are a few easy meal ideas: - Pasta - Stir Fry - Flat bread - Chicken, rice, and vegetables - Wraps or sandwiches",brainstorming "From this paragraph, give me a bullet points of colors sapphires be?","Sapphires are a precious gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum, consisting of aluminum oxide (α-Al2O3) with trace amounts of elements such as iron, titanium, chromium, copper, or magnesium. It is typically blue, but natural ""fancy"" sapphires also occur in yellow, purple, orange, and green colors; ""parti sapphires"" show two or more colors. The only color corundum stone that the term sapphire is not used for is red, which is called a ruby. Pink colored corundum may be either classified as ruby or sapphire depending on locale. Commonly, natural sapphires are cut and polished into gemstones and worn in jewelry. They also may be created synthetically in laboratories for industrial or decorative purposes in large crystal boules. Because of the remarkable hardness of sapphires – 9 on the Mohs scale (the third hardest mineral, after diamond at 10 and moissanite at 9.5) – sapphires are also used in some non-ornamental applications, such as infrared optical components, high-durability windows, wristwatch crystals and movement bearings, and very thin electronic wafers, which are used as the insulating substrates of special-purpose solid-state electronics such as integrated circuits and GaN-based blue LEDs.","Sapphire can be : - blue - yellow - purple - orange - green - pink",summarization "Based on the reference text, provide a bulleted list of the three stages of ISO 27001 Certification and the activities of each stage.","SO/IEC 27001 is an international standard to manage information security. The standard was originally published jointly by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 2005, revised in 2013, and again most recently in 2022. There are also numerous recognized national variants of the standard. It details requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS) – the aim of which is to help organizations make the information assets they hold more secure. Organizations that meet the standard's requirements can choose to be certified by an accredited certification body following successful completion of an audit. The effectiveness of the ISO/IEC 27001 certification process and the overall standard has been addressed in a large-scale study conducted in 2020. How the standard works Most organizations have a number of information security controls. However, without an information security management system (ISMS), controls tend to be somewhat disorganized and disjointed, having been implemented often as point solutions to specific situations or simply as a matter of convention. Security controls in operation typically address certain aspects of information technology (IT) or data security specifically; leaving non-IT information assets (such as paperwork and proprietary knowledge) less protected on the whole. Moreover, business continuity planning and physical security may be managed quite independently of IT or information security while Human Resources practices may make little reference to the need to define and assign information security roles and responsibilities throughout the organization. ISO/IEC 27001 requires that management: Systematically examine the organization's information security risks, taking account of the threats, vulnerabilities, and impacts; Design and implement a coherent and comprehensive suite of information security controls and/or other forms of risk treatment (such as risk avoidance or risk transfer) to address those risks that are deemed unacceptable; and Adopt an overarching management process to ensure that the information security controls continue to meet the organization's information security needs on an ongoing basis. What controls will be tested as part of certification to ISO/IEC 27001 is dependent on the certification auditor. This can include any controls that the organisation has deemed to be within the scope of the ISMS and this testing can be to any depth or extent as assessed by the auditor as needed to test that the control has been implemented and is operating effectively. Management determines the scope of the ISMS for certification purposes and may limit it to, say, a single business unit or location. The ISO/IEC 27001 certificate does not necessarily mean the remainder of the organization, outside the scoped area, has an adequate approach to information security management. Other standards in the ISO/IEC 27000 family of standards provide additional guidance on certain aspects of designing, implementing and operating an ISMS, for example on information security risk management (ISO/IEC 27005). History of ISO/IEC 27001 BS 7799 was a standard originally published by BSI Group in 1995. It was written by the UK government's Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and consisted of several parts. The first part, containing the best practices for information security management, was revised in 1998; after a lengthy discussion in the worldwide standards bodies, it was eventually adopted by ISO as ISO/IEC 17799, ""Information Technology - Code of practice for information security management."" in 2000. ISO/IEC 17799 was then revised in June 2005 and finally incorporated in the ISO 27000 series of standards as ISO/IEC 27002 in July 2007. The second part of BS7799 was first published by BSI in 1999, known as BS 7799 Part 2, titled ""Information Security Management Systems - Specification with guidance for use."" BS 7799-2 focused on how to implement an Information security management system (ISMS), referring to the information security management structure and controls identified in BS 7799-2. This later became ISO/IEC 27001:2005. BS 7799 Part 2 was adopted by ISO as ISO/IEC 27001 in November 2005. BS 7799 Part 3 was published in 2005, covering risk analysis and management. It aligns with ISO/IEC 27001:2005. Very little reference or use is made to any of the BS standards in connection with ISO/IEC 27001. Certification An ISMS may be certified compliant with the ISO/IEC 27001 standard by a number of Accredited Registrars worldwide. Certification against any of the recognized national variants of ISO/IEC 27001 (e.g. JIS Q 27001, the Japanese version) by an accredited certification body is functionally equivalent to certification against ISO/IEC 27001 itself. In some countries, the bodies that verify conformity of management systems to specified standards are called ""certification bodies"", while in others they are commonly referred to as ""registration bodies"", ""assessment and registration bodies"", ""certification/ registration bodies"", and sometimes ""registrars"". The ISO/IEC 27001 certification, like other ISO management system certifications, usually involves a three-stage external audit process defined by ISO/IEC 17021 and ISO/IEC 27006 standards: Stage 1 is a preliminary, informal review of the ISMS. For example there are checks for the existence and completeness of key documentation, such as the organization's information security policy, Statement of Applicability (SoA), and Risk Treatment Plan (RTP). This stage serves to familiarize the auditors with the organization and vice versa. Stage 2 is a more detailed and formal compliance audit, independently testing the ISMS against the requirements specified in ISO/IEC 27001. The auditors will seek evidence to confirm that the management system has been properly designed and implemented, and is in fact in operation (for example by confirming that a security committee or similar management body meets regularly to oversee the ISMS). Certification audits are usually conducted by ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditors. Passing this stage results in the ISMS being certified compliant with ISO/IEC 27001. Ongoing involves follow-up reviews or audits to confirm that the organization remains in compliance with the standard. Certification maintenance requires periodic re-assessment audits to confirm that the ISMS continues to operate as specified and intended. These should happen at least annually but (by agreement with management) are often conducted more frequently, particularly while the ISMS is still maturing.","The following are the three stages of ISO 27001 certification: 1. Stage 1: A preliminary, informal review of the Information Security Management System. Activities include checking for existence and completeness of primary documentation. 2. Stage 2: A detailed and formal audit performed by a third party to validate adequate implementation of the requirements specified in ISO 27001 3. Ongoing: Follow-up reviews and audits to confirm continued compliance with the requirements of ISO 27001.",summarization "Does Indermaur work as CTO, CEO, or CFO?","Indermaur works as a marketing specialist for her husband's technical trading company and is the chief executive officer of Comate, a marketing agency.",CEO,closed_qa Provide 5 different ways you could improve a typical home's ambience,,"1. Remove clutter from common spaces 2. Add artwork to blank walls 3. Use common color themes within rooms 4. Match lighting to room purpose and vibe 5. Place a houseplant near the edge of the living room",brainstorming "Which is a bird or fish: Yellow-legged gull, Yellowfin tuna",,"Yellowfin tuna is a fish, Yellow-legged gull is a bird",classification "From the passage provided, extract the average altitude in miles that the ISS orbits at.","The ISS programme evolved from the Space Station Freedom, a 1984 American proposal to construct a permanently crewed Earth-orbiting station, and the contemporaneous Soviet/Russian Mir-2 proposal from 1976 with similar aims. The ISS is the ninth space station to be inhabited by crews, following the Soviet and later Russian Salyut, Almaz, and Mir stations and the American Skylab. It is the largest artificial object in the solar system and the largest satellite in low Earth orbit, regularly visible to the naked eye from Earth's surface. It maintains an orbit with an average altitude of 400 kilometres (250 mi) by means of reboost manoeuvres using the engines of the Zvezda Service Module or visiting spacecraft. The ISS circles the Earth in roughly 93 minutes, completing 15.5 orbits per day.",The ISS orbits the Earth at an average altitude of 250 miles.,information_extraction What are the unethical behaviors in the corporate world? Illustrate with an example.,,"Boeing 737 Max Boeing is an American multinational company that manufactures aircraft, military equipment, rockets, missiles, and telecommunication equipment. The Boeing 737 series aircraft is the most popular commercial jet in the world. In March 2019 and December 2020, the Boeing 737 Max commercial jets belonging to Ethiopian and LION Air crashed, grounding the 737 Max jets. These incidents triggered the crisis at Boeing. The Boeing 737 Max crisis is a classic example of chained unethical behaviors exhibited by an organization and how one unethical behavior quickly led to another in an attempt to cover up the previous one. Motivated blindness Motivated blindness was the initial cause for the people involved in the 737 Max jet design. It started with Boeing’s chief technical test pilot, David Forkner, who repeatedly spotted erratic behavior on the jets MCAS (Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System). Despite egregious MCAS, David later urged FAA (Federal Aviation Authority) to remove the MCAS mentioned from the 737 Max instruction manual. Boeing management failed to overlook David ForKner’s and other faults and chose to remain ignorant. Indirect blindness Similarly, a lot is afoul with FAA. Months before the crash of 2 jets, Boeing had known about the issues and delayed the flight data submission to FAA. Despite the warnings from FAA, Boeing got away with it quickly. The indirect blindness of the FAA added insult to injury to the crisis. Slippery slope Boeing was on a slippery slope, and the downward spiral continued with David Forkner requesting FAA to remove the mentions of MCAS from the jet’s instruction manual. Another test pilot, Gustavsson, claimed that David Forkner kept him out of the loop. Overvaluing outcomes On the whole, Boeing was unaware of the looming crisis and, at every stage, was overvaluing the outcomes of getting the jet out of the production lines and getting it FAA-approved. Recommendations The managers at Boeing must implement processes that root out conflicts of interest. For example, when David Forkner captured the erratic behavior of MCAS, the stringent process to capture test data and the data must be published to a governance board to resolve any conflict of interest. Similarly, for FAA-related transactions and interactions, the governance board must oversee whether the transactions might invite unethical behavior and take ownership of the implications. Boeing’s governance board must continuously monitor for trivial ethical infractions and address them immediately. It has to examine both “good” and “bad” decisions for their ethical implications.",creative_writing What are some modern examples of companies that have harnessed the power of network effects?,"In economics, a network effect (also called network externality or demand-side economies of scale) is the phenomenon by which the value or utility a user derives from a good or service depends on the number of users of compatible products. Network effects are typically positive, resulting in a given user deriving more value from a product as more users join the same network. The adoption of a product by an additional user can be broken into two effects: an increase in the value to all other users ( ""total effect"") and also the enhancement of other non-users' motivation for using the product (""marginal effect""). Network effects can be direct or indirect. Direct network effects arise when a given user's utility increases with the number of other users of the same product or technology, meaning that adoption of a product by different users is complementary. This effect is separate from effects related to price, such as a benefit to existing users resulting from price decreases as more users join. Direct network effects can be seen with social networking services, including Twitter, Facebook, Airbnb, Uber, and LinkedIn; telecommunications devices like the telephone; and instant messaging services such as MSN, AIM or QQ. Indirect (or cross-group) network effects arise when there are ""at least two different customer groups that are interdependent, and the utility of at least one group grows as the other group(s) grow"". For example, hardware may become more valuable to consumers with the growth of compatible software. Network effects are commonly mistaken for economies of scale, which describe decreasing average production costs in relation to the total volume of units produced. Economies of scale are a common phenomenon in traditional industries such as manufacturing, whereas network effects are most prevalent in new economy industries, particularly information and communication technologies. Network effects are the demand side counterpart of economies of scale, as they function by increasing a customer's willingness to pay due rather than decreasing the supplier's average cost. Upon reaching critical mass, a bandwagon effect can result. As the network continues to become more valuable with each new adopter, more people are incentivized to adopt, resulting in a positive feedback loop. Multiple equilibria and a market monopoly are two key potential outcomes in markets that exhibit network effects. Consumer expectations are key in determining which outcomes will result.","Examples of modern companies that have harnessed the power of network effects include social networking services such as: TikTok, Youtube, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Airbnb, Uber, and LinkedIn.",summarization "What is the concept of a good life according to Socrates and Aristotle, and what are the components that contribute to it? Is a good life innate or learned, and can anyone achieve it?",,"One of the most tantalizing and theorized about topics is that of the meaning of life and how to live a “good” one. It is human nature to explain the unknown and create explanations for the way the world works; throughout history philosophers have come to their own conclusions on why some lives are good and others are not. Two key figures that lend insight in these respects are Socrates in Plato’s The Apology, and Aristotle in Nicomachean Ethics. A seemingly simple concept quickly devolves into a confusing and complex web of components that only together in the right proportions lend each man or woman a full good life. In order to discuss the way in which we are to lead a good life we must first discuss the differing factors that contribute to the definition of good in the eyes of Socrates and Aristotle. What are the components of the concept of good? Is it innate or learned? Can it be purchased? Is it temporary or is it eternal? Does it apply to one’s self or a community as a whole? Does one conduct oneself to be good? How Is a good life given by the gods or earned by humans? And although there is no definitive answer to any of these questions, in both author’s texts living a good life comes down to the choices you make and how they compare to the definition of good you subscribe to. Socrates and Aristotle use words such as virtue, courage, happiness, and intelligence to describe their versions of the path you take to reach a good life, and all are important, but the main driver of a good life is one’s ability to find the proper equilibrium between Dahlke 1 each of their characteristics that lend towards the development of a commonly defined good life. Theorizing on how to live a good life leads to the necessity of defining what a good life is and the components that make it up. Aristotle theorized in Nicomachean Ethics that the idea of virtue, or excellence, can be an overarching theme for the components that make up the highest “good”, the good that is an endpoint or product encompassing the entire life before it. And the development of virtue lies within a midpoint between too much and too little of any emotion, action or characteristic. ... it is in emotions and actions that excess, deficiency and the median are found. Thus we can experience fear confidence, desire, anger, pity and generally any kind of pleasure and pain either too much or too little, and in either case not properly. But to experience all this at the right time, towards the right objects, towards the right people, for the right reason, and in the right manner — that is the median and the best course, the course that is a mark of virtue. (Aristotle. Bk. 2, pg. 43) And still, even with the most precise definition Aristotle or Socrates gives there is a great amount of ambiguity. While some characteristics or actions are classified as inherently good or bad Aristotle theorizes that simply over exercising the usage of one or two characteristics doesn’t mean you are a good person living a good life. But rather, he states that there is a median usage point between the extrema of never and always that contributes to virtue, and then a good life. Where that point is is still unknown, partly due to the infinite situational differences one person can have versus another person Dahlke 2 during their lifetime and partly due to the complexity and magnitude of the variables that contribute to the person as a whole. However, Aristotle goes into a few overarching descriptors of his definition of a virtuous man or woman to help define the median between the two extrema. For example, the median for pleasure and pain is self control, between fear and confidence is courage, and righteous falls between envy and spite.1 These examples shine a light on how to find the middle between two opposing qualities, but do not instruct on how we are to lead a good life. While definitively defining the idea of good is complex the framework of thought to use when faced with daily decisions Aristotle provides allows for the discussion on how to live a good life. Creating a structured plan for how to live a good life brings about the question can anyone live a good life? Furthermore, are the segments that complete virtue innate or are they learned? Aristotle delves into two schools of thought, the first being that there are some characteristics that born with can impede or halt one’s quest for moral virtue, and secondly, that one develops these traits over time and through ritual habit. The latter, he describes in analogy, “Similarly, we become just by the practice of just actions, self-controlled by exercising self-control, and courageous by performing acts of courage.” (Aristotle. Bk. 2, pg. 34) In other words, one becomes virtuous by continually being virtuous. Therefore, one finds oneself in a good life when one habitually lives within the middle of all opposing qualities. While not everyone in a society will live a good life, everyone within a society can live a good life. At this point it is important to 1 Examples given in Book II Ch. 7 - Nicomachean Ethics Dahlke 3 refer back to the definition of what a good life is, it does not mean success, fame or wealth, but rather practicing the combination of elements that create virtue. While some qualities like virtue are relatively undisputed as good, wealth is a heavily debated part of a good life. Both Aristotle and Socrates agree that wealth is not an indicator of a good life but their thought differs when it comes to the part money plays in the development of such a life. While Aristotle believes wealth is a necessity for aspects of a virtuous life, Socrates believes that wealth is only a byproduct of a good life. Aristotle does concede to saying that, “wealth is not the good which we are trying to find, for it is only useful, i.e., it is a means to something else.” (Aristotle. Bk. 1, pg. 9) Otherwise saying that while wealth is not the end goal and is meaningless when thinking of one’s worth, it is helpful in the creation of a good life. On the other hand, Socrates writes of wealth as something that does not create excellence and at times can even inhibit it’s development. In The Apology Socrates says to the jury, “Wealth does not bring about excellence, but excellence brings about wealth and all other public and private blessings for men.” (Plato. 30b) While this quote is taken out of the context of a defensive argument, it still holds Socrates’ beliefs on wealth. He, an impoverished man, does not find the same value in money as sophists like Aristotle, and while defending his choice to not charge a fee to the pupils that followed his philosophical thought like other sophists did, he said that he is here at the service to god. Both theories on wealth’s role in a good life are important to consider. Does wealth lead to corruption and poverty to a more sinful life? Wealth, similarly to fear, needs a median. As Aristotle describes fear, too little is being reckless, while too much is being cowardly. In wealth the same thought Dahlke 4 can be applied, too little creates extreme poverty which distracts from living a virtuous life and too much can create different distractions that lead to the same result. Another contesting theory is that of the length in which “goodness” lasts. When defining a good life, it is important to think about when you can use good as a descriptor. If goodness in reference to one’s life lasts forever then the term is permanent and can be applied throughout one's life. If on the contrary, goodness comes and goes throughout life the term can only be used temporarily or in posterity noting one’s life as a whole. Socrates, after the announcement of his execution states, “a good man cannot be harmed either in life or death, and that his affairs are not neglected by the gods.” (Plato. 41 c-d) Lending the idea that a good man or woman living a good life is continuous and permanent, throughout life and death. However, Aristotle argues that since a good life is a sum of smaller goods, to use the term to describe someone's life, it must come at the end of their life, looking at it as a whole. After describing smaller goals and endpoints he goes further and says, “The highest good, on the other hand, must be something final” (Aristotle. Bk. 1 pg. 14) Stating that while there are different branches of a good life, virtuous behavior is not a constant and therefore you cannot give a description to their life as a whole until it’s end. Socrates’ arguments on the length of goodness are rather naive, seeing as people change over time, only with the entire information of their lives can one make a claim as to whether or not they had a good life. In summary, the two different views on how we are to live a good life together provide insight and theory into the subject but neither provides a complete instruction on doing so. Socrates, as written down by Plato, describes his own life which he Dahlke 5 considers to be a virtuous one and Aristotle provides a philosophical theory behind how to live in a virtuous way with the end goal of happiness or in other words a good life. The closest we can get to understanding how to live a good life is by understanding what makes up a good life, and even this is subjective. One person’s views on what a virtuous life means can differ greatly from the next depending on where they lived, their religious beliefs, or social status. These variances result in many different guides to and definitions of a good life. Within all the different viewpoints, a concept introduced in Nicomachean Ethics that can be widely accepted is that within someone’s life there is a median point between each of their emotions, actions and characteristics that create virtue and lead towards a good life.",creative_writing How many provinces are in Canada?,,"Canada has 10 provinces and 3 territories. The most populous provinces are Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia.",open_qa What is caffeine?,,"Caffeine is a stimulant that people ingest in order to get a boost of energy. One of the most common forms of ingested caffeine is coffee. Caffeine gives you energy for a short while but it is often followed up with a feeling of being tired, sleepy or lethargic. People use caffeine as a performance enhancer, mood and brain booster and increased alertness.",open_qa Why was it unclear who won the race?,"The 2021 Amstel Gold Race was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 18 April 2021 in the Netherlands. It was the 55th edition of the Amstel Gold Race and the 14th event of the 2021 UCI World Tour. Although Wout van Aert was declared to have defeated Tom Pidcock in a photofinish sprint with Maximilian Schachmann completing the podium, it was speculated that the photofinish camera had been focused on a point approximately 26.86 cm forward of the true finish line, making the true victor unclear.",The photofinish camera was focused on a point approximately 26.86cm forward of the true finish line.,closed_qa "Classify each of the following as either elements or minerals: oxygen, cobalt, phosphorus, nitrogen, graphite, quartz, carbon, and clay.",,"Oxygen, cobalt, nitrogen, and carbon are elements. Phosphorus, graphite, quartz, and clay are minerals.",classification Is Realpolitik diplomacy strategy based on pragmatism or idealism?,"Realpolitik (German: [ʁeˈaːlpoliˌtiːk]; from German real 'realistic, practical, actual', and Politik 'politics') is the approach of conducting diplomatic or political policies based primarily on considerations of given circumstances and factors, rather than strictly following explicit ideological notions or moral and ethical premises. In this respect, it shares aspects of its philosophical approach with those of realism and pragmatism. It is often simply referred to as pragmatism in politics, e.g. ""pursuing pragmatic policies"" or ""realistic policies"".",Pragmatism,closed_qa "Which of the achievements listed in the below passage would be considered the best example of an ""outlier"" for a single NBA game?","After the Lakers lost the 2004 NBA Finals, O'Neal was traded and Bryant became the cornerstone of the franchise. He led the NBA in scoring in the 2005–06 and 2006–07 seasons and was named league MVP in 2008. On January 22, 2006, he scored a career-high 81 points; the second most points scored in a single NBA game, behind Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game. Bryant led the team to consecutive championships in 2009 and 2010, being named NBA Finals MVP on both occasions. He continued to be among the premier players in the league through the 2012–13 season, when he suffered a torn achilles tendon at age 34. His next two seasons were cut short by injuries to his knee and shoulder, respectively. Citing physical decline, Bryant retired after the 2015–16 season. In 2017, the Lakers retired both his Nos. 8 and 24, making him the only player in NBA history to have multiple numbers retired by the same franchise.","Kobe Bryant scoring 81 points in a single NBA game is an outlier. For context, Kobe averaged 25 points per game for his NBA career. 81 points in one game is an outlier for any NBA player in history.",summarization What is the legal drinking age?,,"The legal drinking age in most states is 21 years old. It is illegal for anyone under the age of 21 to drink alcohol, and you can get in trouble with the law if you do. There are exceptions to this rule for religious reasons. If you are going to drink make sure you do it with friends and not alone. You will also want to have a designated driver in case if too much alcohol is consumed. You should never drive under any circumstances if you have consumed alcohol. Driving under the influence is very dangerous, and can take lives if an unplanned car crash happens.",open_qa Provide a bulleted list of ways to spend less money,,"The following are ways to spend less money 1. Make a budget and track spending 2. Cook your own food 3. Don't drink alcohol 4. Delete the Amazon application 5. Have get togethers at home 6. Find a cheaper place to live 7. Negotiate insurance rates",brainstorming What is the best way to get to Philadelphia from Downingtown if you do not have a car?,,The first thing you would do would be to look up where the Downingtown train station is in relation to where you are. Find the train schedule and allow the appropriate time to walk to the train station. Board the SEPTA train and ride from there into Philadelphia.,brainstorming Does Almond Joy or Mounds have nuts?,,Almond Joy has nuts enrobed in milk chocolate.,open_qa What was the Golden State Warriors win-loss record in the 1964-65 season ?,"The Warriors won the inaugural Basketball Association of America (BAA) championship in 1947, and won again in 1956, led by Hall of Fame trio Paul Arizin, Tom Gola, and Neil Johnston. After the trade of star Wilt Chamberlain in January 1965, the team finished the 1964–65 season with the NBA's worst record (17–63). Their rebuilding period was brief due in large part to the Warriors' drafting of Rick Barry four months after the trade. In 1975, star players Barry and Jamaal Wilkes powered the Warriors to their third championship, widely considered one of the biggest upsets in NBA history.",The Golden State Warriors record in the 1964-65 season was 17 wins and 63 losses.,information_extraction Give me a list of books that are long and hard to read. The sort of books with which I could impress someone who read a lot.,,"When talking to someone well read, I would go with some of the classics of literature. The following books require a very detailed read in order to be able to understand them, due to the complex topics they analyze. They are long, but also considered masterpieces: - ""Crime and Punishment"" by Dostoievsky - ""Ulysses"" by James Joyce - ""The Magic Mountain"" by Thomas Mann - ""Gravity's Rainbow"" by Thomas Pynchon - ""Don Quixote"" by Miguel de Cervantes - ""Infinite Jest"" by David Foster Wallace",brainstorming "which of the following are software companies vs not? shell microsoft nasa spacex grammarly apple figma john deere bira 91",,"software companies: microsoft grammarly apple figma",classification What essential tools do I need in my toolbox?,,"Hammer, screwdriver, adjustable wrench, pliers, level",brainstorming Who services the Saint-Germain-les-Belles station?,"Saint-Germain-les-Belles is a railway station in Saint-Germain-les-Belles, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The station is located on the Orléans–Montauban railway line. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by SNCF.",Saint-Germain-les-Belles station is serviced by the TER services operated by SNCF.,closed_qa Name a Christopher Nolan movie that was remade into an Indian movie.,,Ghajini movie in Tamil language was the first Indian unofficial remake of Christopher Nolan's Memento.,open_qa "Based on the reference text, what were the main reasons homeless people from outside of San Francisco went to San Francisco?","Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area One of the primary causes of homelessness in the Bay Area is an insufficient supply of affordable housing. Mass homelessness has several contributing factors, including: ""Economic Dislocation"", ""Reduced Social Safety Nets"", ""Failed Housing Policy"", ""Mass Incarceration"", ""Family Instability"", and other ""Individual Causes"" including mental health and physical wellness. Reasons cited for homelessness in the 2019 survey commissioned by the City of San Francisco include job loss (26%), alcohol/drug use (18%), eviction (13%), argument/asked to leave by friend/family (12%), mental health issues (8%), and divorce/separation (5%). 70% of people homeless in San Francisco in 2019 reported most recently becoming homeless while living in San Francisco: 22% came from another county within California, and 8% came from another state. However, of the 70% who had become homeless while living in San Francisco, 45% had only been in San Francisco for ten years or less, and 6% had only been in San Francisco for one year or less. Reasons for coming from outside San Francisco at the time of homelessness include seeking a job (25%), LGBTQ acceptance (11%), accessing homeless services (22%), was visiting and decided to stay (17%), accessing VA services or clinic (5%), and family/friends are here (13%).","The reasons homeless people not from San Francisco went to San Francisco include: 1. Seeking a job 2. LGBTQ acceptance 3. Accessing homeless services 4. Was visiting and decided to stay 5. Family or friends live in San Francisco 6. Accessing VA services or clinic",closed_qa Who owns Ritz Crackers?,"Ritz Crackers is a brand of snack cracker introduced by Nabisco in 1934. The original style crackers are disc-shaped, lightly salted, and approximately 46 millimetres (1.8 in) in diameter.[citation needed]. Each cracker has seven perforations and a finely scalloped edge. Today, the Ritz cracker brand is owned by Mondelēz International. A single serving of the original cracker (about 5 crackers or 15 grams) provides 330 kilojoules (79 kilocalories) of food energy, 1 gram of protein, and 4 grams of fat; the whole wheat variety provides 290 kJ (70 kcal) and 2.5 grams of fat.","Ritz was originally owned by the consumer product brand Nabisco, although after changing ownership, it is owned by Mondelēz International.",summarization What was the public reaction to the draft during the Vietnam War?,,"The Vietnam War Draft was met with widespread protests and draft dodging in order to avoid conscription, which eventually led to public opinion during against the war",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Bo, Gaohu",,"Gaohu is string, Bo is percussion.",classification "What are the India’s Foreign Exchange Reserves as on week ended Sept 23, 2022?",,$545.65 bn,open_qa "Can you please help me with a couple of points about analgesic drug, with the given text as a reference.","An analgesic drug, also called simply an analgesic (American English), analgaesic (British English), pain reliever, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve relief from pain (that is, analgesia or pain management). Analgesics are conceptually distinct from anesthetics, which temporarily reduce, and in some instances eliminate, sensation, although analgesia and anesthesia are neurophysiologically overlapping and thus various drugs have both analgesic and anesthetic effects.","1. Any medication from the class of medications intended to treat pain is referred to as an analgesic medicine, also known as a simple analgesic (American English), an analgaesic (British English), pain reliever, or painkiller. (that is, analgesia or pain management). 2. Although analgesia and anaesthesia are neurophysiologically similar and thus certain medications have both analgesic and anaesthetic effects, analgesics are conceptually separate from anesthetics, which temporarily diminish, and in some cases eradicate, feeling.",summarization Provide me a list of some ways to get exercise that are fun,,"Here are a few of the ways you can exercise that are fun: dancing, playing frisbee, playing sports, playing with a pet or a child, skiing, or swimming in a lake.",brainstorming What is SMTP?,,"The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet standard communication protocol for electronic mail transmission. Mail servers and other message transfer agents use SMTP to send and receive mail messages. User-level email clients typically use SMTP only for sending messages to a mail server for relaying, and typically submit outgoing email to the mail server on port 587 or 465 per RFC 8314. For retrieving messages, IMAP (which replaced the older POP3) is standard, but proprietary servers also often implement proprietary protocols.",open_qa What is industrial espionage?,,"Industrial espionage, economic espionage, corporate spying, or corporate espionage is a form of espionage conducted for commercial purposes instead of purely national security. While political espionage is conducted or orchestrated by governments and is international in scope, industrial or corporate espionage is more often national and occurs between companies or corporations.",open_qa Name all members of The Beatles,,"The primary members of The Beatles were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Stars. John Lennon was a member from 1960-1969. The other three members remained from 1960-1970. Additional members include Pete Best, Stuart Sutcliffe, Chas Newby, Norman Chapman, Tommy Moore, and Jimmie Nicol.",brainstorming "Given a reference text about Bully, tell me when it premiered and what it was about.","Bully (alternatively titled Bully: The Musical) is a 2017 musical featurette written and directed by Aaron Alon and produced by Thunderclap Productions. Bully is a dramatic musical about Sam Bradley, a young man who kills himself after being repeatedly bullied in school because others suspect he is gay. The story follows Sam in the days leading up to his death and the lives of those around him in the days following his suicide. Bully premiered in the United States on September 24, 2017, at Alamo Drafthouse – Mason Park in Houston, Texas. The film had its film festival premiere in the 2018 Rainier Independent Film Festival in Ashford, Washington, on May 20, 2018.","Bully premiered on September 24, 2017 and was about a young man who commits suicide after being bullied in school because others thought he was gay.",closed_qa Does parallel universe really exist?,,"When we talk about the possibility of multiple universes, we are referring to the idea that there could be many separate and distinct “realities” or “worlds” coexisting alongside our own. These universes may have different physical laws, properties, and dimensions, and could exist in parallel to our own universe. So basically, there’s this idea that there could be lots of different universes happening at the same time, and there are couple of evidences that make people think it might be true. There are several evidences for parallel universe, such as Hawking radiation, which says that anything going into a black hole might end up in another universe. or the gravity waves act oddly and deviate objects from their orbits, possibly due to the influence of parallel universes. This idea of multiple universes has been proposed in various fields of science, including physics, astronomy, and even psychology. For example, Stephen Hawking was the leading theoretical physicist who advocated multiverse theory. I believe it remains a highly theoretical concept till today, and it is an area of active research and exploration, as scientists continue to investigate the possibility of parallel universes and their potential implications for our understanding of the universe and our place in it.",creative_writing "From these paragraphs, give me a list of Southeast Asian regions that decolonised after World War II.","With the rejuvenated nationalist movements in wait, the Europeans returned to a very different Southeast Asia after World War II. Indonesia declared independence on 17 August 1945 and subsequently fought a bitter war against the returning Dutch; the Philippines was granted independence by the United States in 1946; Burma secured their independence from Britain in 1948, and the French were driven from Indochina in 1954 after a bitterly fought war (the Indochina War) against the Vietnamese nationalists. The United Nations provided a forum for nationalism, post-independent self-definition, nation-building and the acquisition of territorial integrity for many newly independent nations. During the Cold War, countering the threat of communism was a major theme in the decolonisation process. After suppressing the communist insurrection during the Malayan Emergency from 1948 to 1960, Britain granted independence to Malaya and later, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak in 1957 and 1963 respectively within the framework of the Federation of Malaysia. In one of the most bloody single incidents of violence in Cold War Southeast Asia, General Suharto seized power in Indonesia in 1965 and initiated a massacre of approximately 500,000 alleged members of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). Following the independence of the Indochina states with the battle of Dien Bien Phu, North Vietnamese attempts to conquer South Vietnam resulted in the Vietnam War. The conflict spread to Laos and Cambodia and heavy intervention from the United States. By the war's end in 1975, all these countries were controlled by communist parties. After the communist victory, two wars between communist states—the Cambodian–Vietnamese War of 1975–89 and the Sino-Vietnamese War of 1979—were fought in the region. The victory of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia resulted in the Cambodian genocide. In 1975, Portuguese rule ended in East Timor. However, independence was short-lived as Indonesia annexed the territory soon after. However, after more than 20 years of fighting Indonesia, East Timor won its independence and was recognised by the UN in 2002. Finally, Britain ended its protectorate of the Sultanate of Brunei in 1984, marking the end of European rule in Southeast Asia.","The Southeast Asian regions that achieved independence are: Indonesia, the Philippines, Burma, Indochina, Malaya, Singapore, Sabah, Sarawak, East Timor, and the Sultanate of Brunei.",summarization Is tempeh a vegetarian food?,,"Yes, tempeh is a plant based food",open_qa "Extract all the years mentioned in this text, separated by a comma","The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which succeeded in preparing and landing the first humans on the Moon from 1968 to 1972. It was first conceived in 1960 during President Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration as a three-person spacecraft to follow the one-person Project Mercury, which put the first Americans in space. Apollo was later dedicated to President John F. Kennedy's national goal for the 1960s of ""landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth"" in an address to Congress on May 25, 1961. It was the third US human spaceflight program to fly, preceded by the two-person Project Gemini conceived in 1961 to extend spaceflight capability in support of Apollo.","1968,1972,1960,1961",information_extraction "If you were to design a pantheon, how many gods or deities would you include?",,"The beauty of polytheism is that there is no limit on the number of deities. The gods and goddesses can represent different forces of nature, human characteristics, ancestral principles, natural elements or animals. These can interact with each other and have children representing new concepts. Throughout the human history polytheism has been the most common form of religion and seems to be the most natural.",brainstorming What Is a Request for Proposal (RFP)?,,"A request for proposal (RFP) is a structured acquisition process that announces a project, describes it, and solicits bids from qualified contractors to complete it. Most organizations prefer to launch their projects using RFPs, and many governments always use them. In some cases there is are a minimum number of respondents required and minimum timeframe to make an award.",open_qa Create a workout to strengthen my upper body,,"If you have access to weights, a workout might start with four sets of bench press and four sets of upright row at 6 to 10 reps each to strengthen your chest and back. If you don’t have access to weights you could replace those exercises with some combination of push ups, pull ups, and chin ups. Next move into three sets of shoulder press and rear delt raises for ten reps each. Finally, do three sets of bicep curls and three sets of tricep dips for ten and thirty reps respectively. The weights and repetitions for each exercise should scale with your comfort and ability doing that exercise. When working out, it’s very important to use good form and not overextend yourself. When lifting heavy weights it’s a good idea to get help from a spotter, and in particular you should never do bench press alone. Don’t fall into the trap of pushing too hard and risk your personal safety - you’ll get a lot stronger if you avoid injuries!",brainstorming "Tell me whether these are primary or secondary colors: Yellow, Blue, Green, Orange, Red, Violet",,"Primary Colors: Red, Yellow, Blue Secondary Colors: Green, Orange, Violet",classification What kind of publisher is the American Fantasy Press,"American Fantasy Press is a science fiction/fantasy/horror specialty press owned and operated by Robert T. Garcia and Nancy Garcia. Located in Woodstock, Illinois, the press has published: The first U.S. hardcover edition of Dennis Etchison's Darkside (A 10th anniversary edition); the chapbook edition of The Man on the Ceiling by Steve Rasnic and Melanie Tem, the chapbook of A Walking Tour of the Shambles by Neil Gaiman and Gene Wolfe, the first U.S. hardcover edition of Michael Moorcock's The Dreamthief's Daughter (a signed, limited edition), the chapbook The Broecker Sampler, featuring the artwork of Randy Broecker, a broadsheet of Jo Fletcher's poem Midnight Monster illustrated by Gahan Wilson, and the first hardcover edition of the Mary Frances Zambreno's short story collection Invisible Pleasures. It published the fantasy short story collection by Mike Resnick, Stalking the Zombie which features his hard-boiled detective John J. Mallory in an alternate Manhattan. In 2015, the press published The Collectors' Book of Virgil Finlay, by Robert Weinberg, Douglas Ellis and AF publisher Robert Garcia.","American Fantasy Press is a science fiction/fantasy/horror specialty press owned and operated by Robert T. Garcia and Nancy Garcia. Located in Woodstock, Illinois, the press has published: The first U.S. hardcover edition of Dennis Etchison's Darkside (A 10th anniversary edition); the chapbook edition of The Man on the Ceiling by Steve Rasnic and Melanie Tem, the chapbook of A Walking Tour of the Shambles by Neil Gaiman and Gene Wolfe, the first U.S. hardcover edition of Michael Moorcock's The Dreamthief's Daughter (a signed, limited edition), the chapbook The Broecker Sampler, featuring the artwork of Randy Broecker, a broadsheet of Jo Fletcher's poem Midnight Monster illustrated by Gahan Wilson, and the first hardcover edition of the Mary Frances Zambreno's short story collection Invisible Pleasures. It published the fantasy short story collection by Mike Resnick, Stalking the Zombie which features his hard-boiled detective John J. Mallory in an alternate Manhattan. In 2015, the press published The Collectors' Book of Virgil Finlay, by Robert Weinberg, Douglas Ellis and AF publisher Robert Garcia.",closed_qa "Given this reference text about cargo ships, when was the USS West Gate launched?","USS West Gate (ID-3216) was a cargo ship for the United States Navy during World War I. The ship was laid down as SS War Agate, but she was launched in January 1918 as SS West Gate instead.",January 1918,closed_qa "Explain the expression ""the days are long, and the years are short"" as it relates to raising children.",,"Every day you're exhausted and pushed to the limits. This can be from lack of sleep, because your child is waking up every few hours. Or it can be because whatever it is you're asking of your child, they don't want to do it. Or it can be because the strain is affecting your own ability to be kind and loving to both yourself, your spouse, and your children. Whatever the reasons, the feeling at the end of every night is one of utter exhaustion, where presumably this feeling is now your life, and will be so forever. But, in that exhaustion, it can be hard to either notice or truly appreciate beautiful little moments simultaneously occurring. For example, you might not pause to appreciate when they laugh at something you say or funny face you make. Or maybe you miss the beauty in witnessing their frustration and struggle as they persistently try to fit that round peg in the square hole. Or maybe the way they mispronounce certain words sounds so endearing, though you're more focused on helping them pronounce it correctly. These are all brief moments where you are witnessing the growth of your child. These moments are fleeting. They don't exist forever, because eventually they grow out of them. They don't find the same jokes or silly faces funny, they figure out the round peg fits in the round hole, and their word pronunciation improves. And when you notice those are past, you feel nostalgic. You wish you could relive those moments. In that nostalgia, you forget about all the exhaustion that came with the territory. Maybe the expression is best described as analogous to another expression ""the grass is greener on the other side""",creative_writing What is the difference between instant oatmeal and regular oatmeal?,,"Instant oatmeal is ready to eat immediately after sitting in hot water, whereas regular oatmeal has to be boiled in hot water for a longer period of time (the specific duration depends on the type of oats).",open_qa Please give me a summary of the current rule set for roller derby.,"Roller derby is played in two periods of 30 minutes.: 4  Two teams of up to 15 players each field up to five members for episodes called ""jams"". Jams last two minutes unless called off prematurely.: 5  Each team designates a scoring player (the ""jammer""); the other four members are ""blockers"". One blocker can be designated as a ""pivot""—a blocker who is allowed to become a jammer in the course of play.: 7  The next jam may involve different players of the 15 roster players, and different selections for jammer and pivot.: 7  During each jam, players skate counterclockwise on a circuit track. Points are scored only by a team's jammer. After breaking through the pack and skating one lap to begin another ""trip"" through the pack, the jammer scores one point for passing any opposing blocker.: 33 [note 1] The rules describe an ""earned"" pass; notably, the jammer must be in-bounds and upright. The jammer's first earned pass scores a point for passing that blocker and a point for each opponent blocker not on the track (for instance, serving a penalty, or when the opposition did not field five players for the jam). If the jammer passes the entire pack, it is a four-point scoring trip, commonly called a ""grand slam"".[note 1] Each team's blockers use body contact, changing positions, and other tactics to help their jammer score while hindering the opposing team's jammer.","A roller derby bout consists of two 30 minute halves. Players will be on the track for a series of two minute intervals.Each team will have 5 players on the track at one time. Four players from each are designated blockers, and will play both offense and defense at the same time. Each team will field one jammer who is the main point scoring skater. Jammers earn points for passing blockers from the opposing team.",summarization Which social media platform is the best?,,"Instagram, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, TikTok, Pinterest, Snapchat, and LinkedIn are all social media platforms. It may be hard to pick which one is the best because they are all used for different purposes. If your goal is entertainment you might want to consider youtube and tiktok. If your goal is to find job then you should consider linkedin. If your goal is to share family photos, person status updates, or marketing material for your business you will want to consider facebook, instagram, or pinterest. If you goal is to get information on political issues or current events you will want to consider twitter. If your goal is to stay up to date with your favorite celebrities you will want to consider instagram. If you goal is to talk with family and friends you will want to consider snapchat.",open_qa Write a short paragraph on the impact of nutrition on human health.,,"While it is obvious that nutrition should impact health, the modern medical paradigm has refused to account for, or at least minimised, its role in human health. Food is critical to human survival, and nutritious food is a prerequisite for creating and maintaining a healthy human body and mind. Consuming the wrong kinds of foods can wreak havoc on human metabolism, and over time, lead to hormonal disorders, obesity, diabetes and heart disease. The world is witness to increased cases of such disorders since the time of the industrialisation of the food and pharmaceutical industries. After World War 2, since the 1970s, the rates of incidence of the aforementioned diseases have increased manifold, correlated strongly with the increased consumption of processed foods, seed oils, sugar and carbohydrates while being negatively correlated with the consumption of saturated fats and red meat. Thus, while the average life expectancy of human beings has increased, albeit differently for different regions of the world, with the increasing contribution of modern medical practice, the quality of life for most people has decreased. The case can be made that we, as a society, are becoming calorie-rich but nutrient-poor, with negative outcomes for public health.",creative_writing What are the Fallas in Spain?,,"Fallas happens every year in March in the Valencia region. The whole city is transformed into a large exposition of “Fallas” which stands for immense temporary statues. The word “Fallas” is also closely related the fire. During the celebration, every day you can hear the ""Mascleta"", thousand of firecrackers tied together explode in Dantesque noise just for the fun of feeling such beat, Fire is what closes the ""Fallas"", as all the statues will be burned to the ground and only one - publicly elected - will be saved.",open_qa What is RSU?,,"Restricted stock units (RSU), also known as restricted securities, is stock of a company that is not fully transferable (from the stock-issuing company to the person receiving the stock award) until certain conditions (restrictions) have been met. Upon satisfaction of those conditions, the stock is no longer restricted, and becomes transferable to the person holding the award. Restricted stock is often used as a form of employee compensation, in which case it typically becomes transferable (""vests"") upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, such as continued employment for a period of time or the achievement of particular product-development milestones, earnings per share goals or other financial targets. Restricted stock is a popular alternative to stock options, particularly for executives, due to favorable accounting rules and income tax treatment.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tingsha, Bazantar",,"Tingsha is percussion, Bazantar is string.",classification What are the three styles of Shakespeare?,,"Shakespeare's works were originally divided into three main styles or genres: Comedies, Tragedies and Histories.",open_qa Who is Ali G?,,"Ali G is a fictional character created and performed by Sacha Baron Cohen. In fiction, he grew up in Staines, and was part of a group called ""Da West Staines Massiv"" He is depicted as a British stereotype of suburban chav acting in a way that they think is typical of black people. Ali G first appeared in a TV series called The 11 O'Clock Show where he would interview famous people who do not realise they are being set up. Due to his popularity, a standalone TV series called Da Ali G Show and a film Ali G Indahouse were also created.",open_qa What is success,,"Satisfaction levels define the success, success defined for one person may not be true for other",brainstorming What are the 7 science classifications?,,"Classification, or taxonomy, is a system of categorizing living things. There are seven divisions in the system: (1) Kingdom; (2) Phylum or Division; (3) Class; (4) Order; (5) Family; (6) Genus; (7) Species.",classification Who is Andres Bello?,"Andrés de Jesús María y José Bello López (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈdɾes ˈβeʝo]; November 29, 1781 – October 15, 1865) was a Venezuelan-Chilean humanist, diplomat, poet, legislator, philosopher, educator and philologist, whose political and literary works constitute an important part of Spanish American culture. Bello is featured on the old 2,000 Venezuelan bolívar and the 20,000 Chilean peso notes.","Andrés de Jesús María y José Bello López (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈdɾes ˈβeʝo]; November 29, 1781 – October 15, 1865) was a Venezuelan-Chilean humanist, diplomat, poet, legislator, philosopher, educator and philologist, whose political and literary works constitute an important part of Spanish American culture. Bello is featured on the old 2,000 Venezuelan bolívar and the 20,000 Chilean peso notes. In Caracas, where he was born, Andrés Bello was Simón Bolívar's teacher for a short period of time and participated in the process that led to Venezuelan independence. As a diplomat for the new independent government that he helped establish, he went with Luis López Méndez and Simón Bolívar on their first diplomatic mission to London. He lived in London from 1810 to 1829. In 1829, Bello went with his family to Chile. He was hired by the Chilean government and made great works in the field of law and humanities. In Santiago he held positions as a senator and a professor, as well as directing several local newspapers. As a legislator, he was the main promoter and editor of the Chilean Civil Code, one of the most innovative and influential American legal works of his time. In 1842, under his inspiration and with his decisive support, the University of Chile was created, an institution of which he became the first rector, staying in the post for more than two decades. Due to his great contributions, on 17 October 1832 he was given Chilean nationality through a law approved by the Congress.",information_extraction What color of light does the Haugsholmen Lighthouse emit?,"Haugsholmen Lighthouse (Norwegian: Haugsholmen fyr) is a coastal lighthouse located in the municipality of Sande in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located on the tiny island of Vestre Frekøy, in the mouth of the Vanylvsfjorden, about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) southwest of the island of Kvamsøya. It was established in 1876 and automated in 1979. The 10-metre (33 ft) tall tower sits at an elevation of 19.7 metres (65 ft) above sea level. The light emits white, red or green light, depending on direction, occulting twice every 10 seconds. The red cylindrical tower with lantern and gallery is attached to one corner of a 2+1⁄2-story white keeper's house.","The light emits white, red or green light, depending on direction, occulting twice every 10 seconds.",summarization Why should I use EKS over ECS?,,"EKS enables a greater degree of portability and reduces lock-in risks, as compared to ECS. Because it is proprietary, ECS has no equivalent in other public clouds. EKS is based on Kubernetes, which is open source and can run in any public cloud or on-premises location. EKS also provides much richer functionality in comparison with ECS.",open_qa Write a poem or journal entry about numbers that have special meaning to you.,,"My special number is 2. When I was a child, I would get up early every Saturday morning to go to football training. To be honest with you, I hated the training. I hated the cold, I hated the rain, I hated the mud, and I was never very good at football. But I will always remember feeling extremely proud playing a game in summertime. The game was in Slough, and I was playing for a team called Old Windsor Tigers. I wore the number 2 shirt, and had an incredible game, playing centre half. That was the only Man of the Match award I ever won. I'm still terrible at football, but I love the sport as a spectator, and that memory will always be special to me.",creative_writing Any tips for figuring out where to enter the water when surfing a new beach?,,"There is a lot of local knowledge required to be efficient at entering the water of a new beach. It helps to know what kind of a wave break it is - is it a surf break or a reef break for example. But if you see others in the water and it looks like a reasonable surf spot then here are a couple of pointers. First, stand on the beach and watch what is happening for 3-5 minutes. You'll soak up a lot just taking the time to really observe. Second, check-out where the other surfers are entering and where they are swimming out to. Obvious, I know, but surprisingly people will sometimes skip this step. Third, see if you can figure out where the channels are - he channel is where the waves are breaking towards. If you see two waves coming toward the shore in synchronization with each other, but separated by a patch of calmer water in between - the channel is typically below that calmer water.",open_qa Summarize the benefits of installing artificial turf in my backyard instead of real grass,,"Installation of artificial turf provides a many benefits over natural grass. Maintenance: Artificial turn does not need trimming or mowing. Drought Preparedness: Artificial turn does not require water. You can opt to install some sprinklers for occasional cleaning or cooling purposes, but sprinklers are not necessary. Cleanliness: Artificial turn eliminates dirt and grass stains on those who enjoy it. Year round yard enjoyment: Artificial turn allows you to enjoy lawn activities all year long. No more dead lawn in the summer or muddy patches in the winter. Aesthetics: Artificial turf will always give your yard a dependably green lawn area. Adding surrounding landscape of bark, mulch, shrubs and flowers, helps seamlessly blend the turf into your overall landscape plan.",brainstorming How would you go about finding an apartment in a new city?,,"Here are options that can help find an apartment in a new city: 1. Check listings at online real estate websites (e.g., Zillow) 2. Join local Facebook Groups where apartments may be listed 3. Contact a real estate agent to help identify potential apartments 4. Ask friends or coworkers if they know of any open apartments.",brainstorming "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Tigra, Cheetah",,"Tigra is Marvel, Cheetah is DC",classification "Which is a bird or fish: Yellowedge grouper, Yellow-browed warbler",,"Yellowedge grouper is a fish, Yellow-browed warbler is a bird",classification How can I schedule and run an effective meeting?,,"First make sure you have a clear goal that you want to achieve, and you can express it clearly. Decide who is required for the meeting to be successful, and the role that each participant plays. Consider sending out material that can be read in advance to prepare for the meeting, so you don't spend too much time during the meeting to bring people up to speed. During the meeting, do your best to keep the conversation on track, and don't be afraid to defer discussions for a later time. Keep an eye out on the time and make sure you leave a few minutes at the end to summarize the action items and ensure each has a clear owner and due date. Last but not least, take good notes that you can share to the team and remind everyone of the discussion.",brainstorming List reputable Universities in San Diego,,"1. San Diego State University 2. University California San Diego 3. University of San Diego 4. San Marcos State University 5. Point Loma Nazarene University",brainstorming "You have been placed in the position of supporting the 2010 Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. Please develop your position into a one-page position paper (12-point font, single spaced).",,"The Citizens United case is ultimately one pertaining to freedom of speech—while undeniable to US citizens, the protection of free speech was previously denied to unions and corporations. Now, they can express support or criticism of political candidates. This should be good news for both dominant political parties, as liberals tending to support unions and conservatives tending to laud free enterprise both have great voice in the election process. Concern, however, has been raised that companies now have too loud a voice. But, who makes up companies? Individual humans, who are free to join and leave those companies at will. Why would a group of humans be devoid of any rights to which the individuals of the group are entitled? The constitutional right to free speech, it follows, applies to groups of individuals – which companies are – and those groups should be able to leverage their earned dollars to further promote their own well-being. And the ruling has legal precedent: dating back to 1868, US corporations have enjoyed equal protection under the 14th amendment and protection against search and seizure without warrant (Totenberg, N.) But the decision cannot be analyzed solely through legal theory. What have the actual impacts been since the ruling? Rather than observing unlimited spending from corporations as feared, the last ten years have reemphasized the importance of low-level donors; instead of focusing power on just one party or candidate that certain corporations back, political parties have taken turns assuming power; corporate donations remain under 10% of total political spending at the federal level. Furthermore, it seems that wealthy individuals, rather than any specific union or corporation, have been making oversized donations that dominant the budgets of super-PACs. It follows that any concerns around voices dominating the political conversation are indeed individuals, not unions or corporations as fear. Citizens United allows companies to further act in their best interests and raise issues pertaining to the business. US citizens can and should be trusted to consume rhetoric intellectually, instead of shielded from the arguments companies are making.",creative_writing From the passage mention the different verticals in which SoftBank Group Corp. invests in. Display the results in comma separated format.,"SoftBank Group Corp. (ソフトバンクグループ株式会社, SofutoBanku Gurūpu Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese multinational conglomerate holding company headquartered in Minato, Tokyo which focuses on investment management. The Group primarily invests in companies operating in technology that offer goods and services to customers in a multitude of markets and industries ranging from the internet to automation. With over $100 billion in capital at its onset, SoftBank’s Vision Fund is the world's largest technology-focused venture capital fund. Fund investors included sovereign wealth funds from countries in the Middle East.The company is known for the leadership of its controversial founder and largest shareholder Masayoshi Son. Its investee companies, subsidiaries and divisions, including several unprofitable unicorns, operate in robotics, artificial intelligence, logistics, transportation, proptech, real estate, hospitality, broadband, fixed-line telecommunications, e-commerce, information technology, finance, media and marketing, and other areas. Among its biggest and most internationally recognizable current stockholdings are sizeable stakes in Arm (semiconductors), Alibaba (e-commerce), OYO Rooms (hospitality), WeWork (coworking) and Deutsche Telekom (telecommunications). SoftBank Corporation, its spun-out affiliate and former flagship business, is the third-largest wireless carrier in Japan, with 45.621 million subscribers as of March 2021.SoftBank was ranked in the 2017 Forbes Global 2000 list as the 36th largest public company in the world and the second-largest publicly traded company in Japan after Toyota.The logo of SoftBank is based on the flag of the Kaientai, a naval trading company founded in 1865, near the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, by Sakamoto Ryōma.Although SoftBank does not affiliate itself to any traditional keiretsu, it has close ties with Mizuho Financial Group, its primary lender.","robotics, artificial intelligence, logistics, transportation, proptech, real estate, hospitality, broadband, fixed-line telecommunications, e-commerce, information technology, finance, media and marketing",information_extraction How much renewable energy is produced and consumed in the United States?,"According to preliminary data from the US Energy Information Administration, renewable energy accounted for about 12.6% of total primary energy consumption and about 19.8% of the domestically produced electricity in the United States in 2020.","Since 2019, wind power has been the largest producer of renewable electricity in the country. Wind power generated 337.9 terawatt-hours of electricity in 2020, which accounted for 8.4% of the nation's total electricity generation and 43.2% of the total renewable electricity generation. By October 2021, the United States nameplate generating capacity for wind power was 129,256 megawatts (MW). Texas remained firmly established as the leader in wind power deployment, followed by Iowa and Oklahoma as of year end 2020. Hydroelectric power is the second-largest producer of renewable electricity in the country, generating around 7.3% of the nation's total electricity in 2020 as well as 36.4% of the total renewable electricity generation. The United States is the fourth largest producer of hydroelectricity in the world after China, Canada and Brazil. Solar power provides a growing share of electricity in the country, with over 50 GW of installed capacity generating about 1.3% of the country's total electricity supply in 2017, up from 0.9% the previous year. As of 2016, more than 260,000 people worked in the solar industry and 43 states deployed net metering, where energy utilities bought back excess power generated by solar arrays. Large photovoltaic power plants in the United States include Mount Signal Solar (600 MW) and Solar Star (579 MW). Since the United States pioneered solar thermal power technology in the 1980s with Solar One, several more such power stations have been built. The largest of these solar thermal power stations are the Ivanpah Solar Power Facility (392 MW), southwest of Las Vegas, and the SEGS group of plants in the Mojave Desert, with a total generating capacity of 354 MW. Other renewable energy sources include geothermal, with The Geysers in Northern California the largest geothermal complex in the world. The development of renewable energy and energy efficiency marked ""a new era of energy exploration"" in the United States, according to former President Barack Obama. In a joint address to the Congress on February 24, 2009, President Obama called for doubling renewable energy within the following three years. Renewable energy reached a major milestone in the first quarter of 2011, when it contributed 11.7% of total national energy production (660 TWh), surpassing energy production from nuclear power (620 TWh) for the first time since 1997. In his 2012 State of the Union address, President Barack Obama restated his commitment to renewable energy and mentioned the long-standing Interior Department commitment to permit 10,000 MW of renewable energy projects on public land in 2012.",information_extraction What is Project Mosaic?,,"Mosaic is an extension to the Apache Spark framework that allows easy and fast processing of very large geospatial datasets. Mosaic provides: -easy conversion between common spatial data encodings (WKT, WKB and GeoJSON); -constructors to easily generate new geometries from Spark native data types; -many of the OGC SQL standard ST_ functions implemented as Spark Expressions for transforming, aggregating and joining spatial datasets; -high performance through implementation of Spark code generation within the core Mosaic functions; -optimisations for performing point-in-polygon joins using an approach we co-developed with Ordnance Survey (blog post); and -the choice of a Scala, SQL and Python API.",open_qa What is the top floor of the King's Building based on this article? What floor is found below that?,"The King's Building is a Grade I listed building that forms part of the Strand Campus of King's College London in the United Kingdom. Originally named the College Building, the King's Building was designed by Sir Robert Smirke in the course of the College's foundation in 1829. As the founding building, it was built between 1829 and 1831 on land granted to King's College by the Government to complete the riverside frontage of Somerset House. There are today a total of eight floors in the King's Building: Basement level, Ground level, Levels 1 to 4, Level 4U and Level 6. The King's Building houses a number of administrative departments (Estates & Facilities Offices, Admissions Office, Accommodation and Cashiers' Office), lecture theatres (most notably the Edmond J. Safra Lecture Theatre and Anatomy Lecture Theatre), the College Chapel, the Great Hall, various function rooms (Old Council Room, Committee Room, River Room, Somerset Room, St David's Room), study rooms and a catering outlet.","The top floor is Level 6, and below that is level 4U.",closed_qa What steps can I take to avoid getting hit by a falling window from a skyscraper while walking about in downtown during high winds?,,"Here are some steps you can take to avoid getting hit by falling windows detached from tall building by strong winds from cyclones or tornadoes: 1. The space area close to a doorway or near windows is most likely to be affected by falling items, and it is best to stay away from buildings, trees and tall electric or telephone poles. Find an open space, far away from these objects and stay low to the ground to reduce your chances of being hit by debris. 2. One of the safest places to avoid getting hit by falling objects is underground in a basement with no windows. Try to find underground spaces in downtown like the lower levels of buildings and malls, or the subway. 3. If you absolutely need to be outside and close to tall buildings, try to stay alert and keep an eye out for falling debris. 4. You might think that being inside a car would be a safe option, but vehicles are notoriously dangerous places to be in during high winds because of their susceptibility to being blown over or blown away or for their windows to explode.",brainstorming Tell me some key points about Narmada river from the given text.,"The Narmada River, also called the Reva and previously also known as Narbada or anglicised as Nerbudda, is the 5th longest river and overall longest west-flowing river in India. It is also the largest flowing river in the state of Madhya Pradesh. This river flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat in India. It is also known as the ""Life Line of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat"" due to its huge contribution to the two states in many ways. The Narmada River rises from the Amarkantak Plateau in Anuppur district Madhya Pradesh. It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India and flows westwards over a length of 1,312 km (815.2 mi) before draining through the Gulf of Khambhat into the Arabian Sea, 30 km (18.6 mi) west of Bharuch city of Gujarat.","1.The Narmada is the largest flowing river in madhya pradesh. 2.The Narmada is also known as Rewa or Narbada. 3.It is also known as life line of madhya pradesh and Gujarat. 4.The Narmada rises from the Amarkantak (m.p.)and drain into Arabian sea through the gulf of khambat. 5. It flows westwards over a length of 1312 km & forms boundary between North India & South India.",summarization This table lists the change over time in population of a small town in France. Between which two consecutive entries from the table did the rate of population growth change the most? Explain your math.,"Historical population Year Pop. ±% 1911 752 — 1962 437 −41.9% 1968 486 +11.2% 1975 398 −18.1% 1982 393 −1.3% 1990 382 −2.8% 1999 395 +3.4% 2008 441 +11.6%","The rate of population growth changed the most between the entries for 1962 and 1968. Between 1911 and 1962, there was a -41.9% change in population, and between 1962 and 1968 there was a +11.2% change in population. The rate of change of population growth was |(−41.9% - +11.2%)| = 53.1% change, which is larger than the absolute difference between any other two consecutive rows in the table.",closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Vibraslap, Inanga",,"Vibraslap is percussion, Inanga is string.",classification "A 30-year-old member at your fitness center has been weight training for 4 months and claims to have made significant gains in strength. Twice a week, he performs 1 set of 12-15 repetitions using 8 weight machines. Over the last 6 weeks, he's noticed that he isn’t achieving the strength gains that he’s used to. How would you modify his training routine to optimize gains in muscular strength?",,"First of all, he’s been performing the same routine over the last 4 months, which means his body may have adapted to the specific sets, repetition ranges, and types of exercises he performs, leading to less strength gains. I would recommend him to switch up his routine! He can consider doing more sets per exercise e.g. 3 sets with lower repetitions e.g. 8 repetitions. He can also consider switching weight machines to free weights, which can help target more muscles and larger muscle groups. He can also increase the number of days he trains a week, from two to three. He can also do well to remember to properly warm up, cool down, stretch, and order his exercises properly (from larger muscle groups to smaller).",brainstorming List in a comma-separated list the members of the band Muse.,"Muse are an English rock band from Teignmouth, Devon, formed in 1994. The band consists of Matt Bellamy (lead vocals, guitar, keyboards), Chris Wolstenholme (bass guitar, backing vocals), and Dominic Howard (drums).","Matt Bellamy (lead vocals, guitar, keyboards), Chris Wolstenholme (bass guitar, backing vocals), and Dominic Howard (drums).",information_extraction What is the difference between Malayalam and Malayalaee?,,"Malayalam is a Dravidian language spoken in the southern state of Kerala, India. it is closely related to Tamil though the origins of the language themselves are still disputed among scholars. Malayalaee (or Malayali), on the other hand, is a term used to denote a person originating from Kerala. The term Keralite is also often used as an alternative term to denote someone hailing from Kerala.",open_qa Give me a list of the 10 most important soccer teams in Brazil.,,"Sure! Some of the most important soccer teams in Brazil are: 1. Corinthians 2. Flamengo 3. São Paulo 4. Santos 5. Fluminense 6. Botafogo 7. Cruzeiro 8. Atlético Mineiro 9. Gremio 10. Palmeiras",brainstorming What are good finishes for a desk top made of hard wood?,,"You'll want to avoid tacky finishes because you'll be touching your desk all the time. The finish should be fairly durable. Many people use tung oil, danish oil, or poly for desk tops. Avoid using a shellac or other alcohol solvents to reduce the damage from drinks spilling.",open_qa How can you tell how old a tree is?,,The size of tree has a direct correlation on how old the tree is. The wider the diameter and circumference of the tree the older it is. When a tree is cut down there will be inner rings in the stump that describe the tree's age as well. A tree's diameter will increase in size about 2.5 centimeters per year. You can estimate the age of a tree by measuring the circumference of the tree in centimeters and then dividing it by 2.5 centimeters. It will be important to measure as close to the ground as possible to get the most accurate measurement for the tree's age.,open_qa What is the national bird of New Zealand?,,The kiwi bird is the national bird of New Zealand. This bird is particularly interesting because it cannot fly and it runs very fast. If you see one in person consider yourself lucky because sightings are rare during the day and in highly populated areas. It also has strong legs and no tail. New Zealanders adore this bird and often refer to it as the 'humble kiwi.',open_qa When was The Palpable Leprosy of Pollution released?,"Infant Annihilator are an English deathcore band formed in Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire in 2012 by drummer Aaron Kitcher and guitarist Eddie Pickard. The band are known for their technical, eclectic and extreme musical style; parodistic and satirically graphic lyrical content and shock humour; and music videos that feature ribald themes. Their debut album The Palpable Leprosy of Pollution, which features the American vocalist Dan Watson, was released in late 2012. After replacing their vocalist with Massachusetts-native Dickie Allen, their second album The Elysian Grandeval Galèriarch was recorded and mixed by Jesse Kirkbride at his home studio Kirkbride Recordings and was released in 2016. Their third album, The Battle of Yaldabaoth, was released on 11 September 2019. Infant Annihilator were described by the Hysteria Magazine as an internet band and even though they have stated that touring is a possibility, they have performed only as a studio project so far.",The album The Palpable Leprosy of Pollution was released in late 2012 featuring the American vocalist Dan Watson.,summarization What are the main points in this article,"Today, Finland became the 31st member of NATO, ending its decades-long policy of neutrality. Foreign minister Pekka Haavisto handed over the official documents in Brussels to United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken. Protestors at a February 2022 rally against Russia's invasion of Ukraine march past the statue of Tsar Alexander II in Senate Square in Helsinki. Image: rajatonvimma. Map of NATO members including Finland The accession was marked by raising the Finnish flag at NATO's main office in Brussels, Belgium, while the NATO flag was raised in Helsinki. Finland shares a 1,340 kilometers (833 mi)-long border with Russia. By joining NATO, it roughly doubled the length of NATO borders with Russia. ""Until now, we have defended our country alone,"" said Defense Minister Antti Kaikkonen. ""From now on, we can rely on getting outside help should things get tough. And of course, we are ready to help should someone be in trouble."" Kremlin representative Dmitry Peskov said it was an ""encroachment on our security and on Russia's national interests"". He said Russia would closely monitor NATO activity in Finland and take ""counter-measures"". ""Finland's membership is not targeted against anyone. Nor does it change the foundations or objectives of Finland's foreign and security policy,"" read a statement by Finnish President Sauli Niinistö after the accession documents were transferred. ""President Putin had as a declared goal of the invasion of Ukraine to get less NATO. He is getting exactly the opposite,"" said NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg. ""Finland today, and soon also Sweden will become a full-fledged member of the alliance"". In the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine last year, public sentiment in Finland and Sweden, which were both non-aligned countries, shifted drastically, to 80% support in the former's case. On May 18, both nations submitted applications to join NATO. New members must have the support of all existing members before they can join. The applications were held up by Turkey under Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, because Finland and Sweden have granted political asylum to members of the Kurdistan Workers' Party, which Turkey views as a terrorist organization. Last week, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey voted to approve Finland. Sweden still has to obtain the approval of both Hungary and Turkey before it can join. Hungary objects to Sweden based on its criticism of Viktor Orbán's government. A far-right group in Sweden held a Quran-burning in front of the Turkish embassy in January, which was condemned by the Turkish government. After Russia won the Finnish War over Sweden in 1809, Finland became a Grand Duchy of the tsarist Russian Empire. This lasted until the Russian Civil War started in 1917 and Finland declared its independence. In 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Finland in a conflict called the Winter War. It ended with a treaty in 1940, under which Finland ceded territory to the Soviets. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941 during World War II, Finland entered the war on the side of Germany. It ended with an armistice in 1944, and Finland relinquished another province. Under President Urho Kekkonen, Finland formally adopted a policy of neutrality in 1956.","Finland became the 31st member of NATO, ending its decades-long policy of neutrality. In the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine last year, public sentiment in Finland shifted drastically, to 80% support in the former's case. 'Sweden is next in line, however it has to overcome opposition from Hungary and Turkey.",summarization What are some ways to tenderize beef?,,"There are several techniques used to tenderize beef. These include the following: 1. Pounding the beef with a mallet 2. Seasoning the beef with salt and allowing it to rest for a while 3. A good approach for tenderizing beef for stir frying beef to cut it into thin strips and coating it with cornstarch",open_qa "Which ones of the following are considered nutrient-dense foods: soda, vegetables, fruits, chips, whole grains, seafood, cookies, eggs, beans, peas, lentils, unsalted nuts and seeds, fat-free and low-fat dairy products, fried chicken, lean meats and poultry.",,"Vegetables, fruits, whole grains, seafood, eggs, beans, peas, and lentils, unsalted nuts and seeds, fat-free and low-fat dairy products, and lean meats and poultry are nutrient-dense foods.",classification What are some of the most popular womens sports in North America,,"Popular sports include soccer, ice hockey, tennis & basketball. There is a wide variety of sports and some have more developed professional leagues while others are more mature NCAA sports or Olympic driven",open_qa What are some must-see places in Romania?,,"There are a lot of beautiful places to see in Romania, so it is really hard to gather them all. On a must-see list you should include cities like Brasov, Sibiu, Sighisoara. If you like driving, you should check some beautiful roads like Transfagarasan or Transalpina. If you like hiking, you must consider Fagaras mountains.",creative_writing Have you ever seen the Milky Way?,,"I have seen the Milky Way on a few occasions. Its usually on a clear, moonless night when I am in a remote location. For some reason, it is brighter when the air is colder. I don't get to see the MIlky Way often, but when I do, I am always amazed by its beauty.",open_qa How do you make a Gin Martini?,,"Pick your favorite Gin. Combine One and two-thirds ounces of Gin and two-thirds dry vermouth with ice in a cocktail mixer. Shake vigorously and strain into a martini glass. Some folks prefer that the glass is chilled. Often a Gin Martini will include an Olive. If your guests prefer the martini to be ""dirty"", add olive brine ( juice). Enjoy",open_qa What is Spot rate in finance?,,This is the exchange rate for foreign−exchange transactions which are being done straightaway.,open_qa "Classify the musical genres of the following bands: Metallica, AC/DC, Aerosmith, Madonna",,"These artists are one of the most well-known musicians worldwide. As of their genres, Metallica can be categorised as a Heavy Metal band, AC/DC and Aerosmith as Hard Rock and Madonna as a Pop artist",classification Give me a bulleted list of 5 states in alphabetical order,,"Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California",brainstorming "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Sheep, Caracal",,"Sheep is domesticated, Caracal is wild",classification What town is the Simpsons set in?,,Springfield,open_qa How did the United States win the Cold War?,,"A number of factors contributed to the United States defeating the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in the Cold War and becoming the world's most powerful state. A common view is that the U.S. won the Cold War because its capitalist economic system, characterized by free markets and the recognition of private property rights, was able to outperform the USSR's centrally-planned economy. The United States could therefore afford to spend more on its military than the USSR and won the nuclear arms race, which contributed to the internal collapse of the Soviet economy and the subsequent breakup of the Soviet Union into smaller, individual states with democratic elections. Additionally, though the USSR and the United States never officially engaged in direct military conflict with one another during the Cold War, various factions supported by the United States and its Western allies were able to successfully defeat Soviet-backed factions in proxy wars that took place all across the globe (with the notable exception of Vietnam). These defeats gradually limited the USSR's ability to project its power on the world stage, and helped the United States build and strengthen key alliances, including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Finally, the United States carried out effective intelligence, counter-intelligence, disinformation and propaganda campaigns that undermined the faith the USSR's population had in its government and buttressed support for the U.S. government's efforts domestically. By 1991, the Soviet Union had fallen and the U.S. had achieved global hegemony.",open_qa "Given the following paragraph about Kenneth McAlpine, where was he born?","Kenneth McAlpine (11 April 1858 – 10 February 1923) was an English local government representative, a wine merchant and a cricketer who played first-class cricket for Kent and for teams led by Lord Hawke in North America. He was born at Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, and died at Loose, Maidstone, Kent.","Leamington Spa, Warwickshire",closed_qa "Tell me whether these are days of the week or months in the year: Monday, Saturday, March, December, October, Tuesday, January, Wednesday, Friday, April.",,"The following are days of the week: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday. The following are are months in the year: January, March, April, October, December.",classification "Given this text about Major League Baseball, how many games do teams play in the regular season and how many games are played in the World Series.","Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization and the oldest major professional sports league in the world.[B] MLB is composed of 30 teams, divided equally between the National League (NL) and the American League (AL), with 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada. Formed in 1876 and 1901 respectively, the NL and AL cemented their cooperation with the National Agreement in 1903. They remained legally separate entities until 2000, when they merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball. MLB is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan. It is considered one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. Each team plays 162 games per season, and six teams in each league advance to a four-round postseason tournament that culminates in the World Series, a best-of-seven championship series between the two league champions first played in 1903. The New York Yankees have the most championships: 27. The reigning champions are the Houston Astros, who defeated the Philadelphia Phillies, 4–2, in the 2022 World Series.","Each team will play 162 games per regular season, with the two top teams playing a best of seven in the World Series Championship.",closed_qa Name three national parks in California.,,"Three national parks in California are Yosemite, Sequoia, and Joshua Tree.",open_qa What's the signifying traits of Neapolitan tailoring?,,"Neapolitan tailoring, when compared to its British counterpart, is generally more relaxed and informal. The armholes are usually larger, offering a wider range of movement and the shoulders less padded providing a more natural look. Most famously, however, Neapolitan tailors traditionally use a ""spalla camicia"" (a ""shirt shoulder"") on their suit jackets. This means the jacket sleeve is attached into the armhole in the same way a shirt sleeve would be, giving it some light crumpling at the top where it meets the shoulder.",open_qa which is the silicon valley of India.,,"Bangalore City in the state of Karnataka is very well known as the Information technology capital or silicon valley of India due to the presence of most of the tech giants and the start-up ecosystem. There is a lot of talent pool in the region which is also helping its booming ecosystems. In recent days, cities like Chennai, Pune, Hyderabad, and Noida are also helping many firms establish their centers.",open_qa What is the Wessex Football League,"The 1996–97 Wessex Football League was the 11th season of the Wessex Football League. The league champions for the second time in their history were AFC Lymington, after remaining unbeaten for the whole season. There was no promotion to the Southern League, but Petersfield Town finished bottom and were relegated. For sponsorship reasons, the league was known as the Jewson Wessex League.","The 1996–97 Wessex Football League was the 11th season of the Wessex Football League. The league champions for the second time in their history were AFC Lymington, after remaining unbeaten for the whole season. There was no promotion to the Southern League, but Petersfield Town finished bottom and were relegated.",summarization "From the passage below, extract the first five member countries of OPEC","The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC, /ˈoʊpɛk/ OH-pek) is an organization enabling the co-operation of leading oil-producing countries, in order to collectively influence the global market and maximise profit. Founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), it has, since 1965, been headquartered in Vienna, Austria, although Austria is not an OPEC member state. As of September 2018, the 13 member countries accounted for an estimated 44 percent of global oil production and 81.5 percent of the world's proven oil reserves, giving OPEC a major influence on global oil prices that were previously determined by the so-called ""Seven Sisters"" grouping of multinational oil companies. The formation of OPEC marked a turning point toward national sovereignty over natural resources, and OPEC decisions have come to play a prominent role in the global oil market and international relations. The effect can be particularly strong when wars or civil disorders lead to extended interruptions in supply. In the 1970s, restrictions in oil production led to a dramatic rise in oil prices and in the revenue and wealth of OPEC, with long-lasting and far-reaching consequences for the global economy. In the 1980s, OPEC began setting production targets for its member nations; generally, when the targets are reduced, oil prices increase. This has occurred most recently from the organization's 2008 and 2016 decisions to trim oversupply.","The first five members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) were Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. As of September 2018, OPEC officially has 13 member countries.",information_extraction What are the different kind of hits in baseball?,,"The different kind of hits in baseball are a single, double, triple, and home run.",open_qa What’s a good way to lose weight,,"Consuming less calories than you eat can result in weight loss. Using calorie counting apps like MyFitnessPal can assist in calorie counting while ensuring you are getting the proper macro nutrients as well, for optimal healthy weight loss.",creative_writing What is the best way to improve your tennis skills?,,"There are many ways that you can improve your tennis skills. The most important point is to practice as tennis requires eyes and muscle coordination. Like many other activities, it requires dedications and practice to improve your skills. One way to practice is to use a tennis wall. In your tennis club or in some parks, find a wall and use that wall as opponent. This way you can focus on hitting the ball consistently and improve your style. While practicing with a wall is convenient, you will need to play with different people to improve your skills and respond different balls. There are many clubs that organize tournaments which can be a great opportunity to play with other tennis players. The most important thing is enjoy your time while playing tennis and keeping to practice consistently.",brainstorming Who is Gendry's father?,,Gendry is an unacknowledged son of King Robert Baratheon.,open_qa How to become a good team player?,,"To become a good team player, one needs to be: Considerate to other team members and Willing to help and go above and beyond to help teammates Not only that, they actually should instill a positive attitude towards all team members and be always ready to help and leave things better then it was There is no ""i"" in team",brainstorming Where was poutine invented?,,"While it is the national dish of Quebec (a province of Canada) there are multiple cities that are claiming that poutine is from that city. For example Drummondville, Victoriaville, Warwick and Princeville.",open_qa What is a surf board used for?,,A surfboard is shaped like a narrow plank. Surfers stand on the top of the surfboard and use it to surf on the ocean. They tend to be light and are strong enough to get hit by a large wave without breaking in half. Surfboards were originally invented in Hawaii and were made using the wood from local trees. Early surfboards from Hawaii were over 15 feet long and were referred to as longboards. Surfboards got a lot shorter as surfers had wanted to be more agile with them in the ocean.,open_qa Give me a one line summary about smelting,"Smelting is a process of applying heat to an ore, to extract a base metal. It is a form of extractive metallurgy. It is used to extract many metals from their ores, including silver, iron, copper, and other base metals. Smelting uses heat and a chemical- reducing agent to decompose the ore, driving off other elements as gases or slag and leaving the metal base behind. The reducing agent is commonly a fossil fuel source of carbon, such as coke—or, in earlier times, charcoal.The oxygen in the ore binds to carbon at high temperatures as the chemical potential energy of the bonds in carbon dioxide (CO2) is lower than the bonds in the ore.",Smelting is the process of extracting metals from their ores by applying heat and a chemical-reducing agent to drive off non-wanted materials as gases and leaving the base (wanted) material behind.,summarization "From the provided description of the cheesemaking process, list the ingredients required to make cheese.","The goal of cheese making is to control the spoiling of milk into cheese. The milk is traditionally from a cow, goat, sheep or buffalo, although, in theory, cheese could be made from the milk of any mammal. Cow's milk is most commonly used worldwide. The cheesemaker's goal is a consistent product with specific characteristics (appearance, aroma, taste, texture). The process used to make a Camembert will be similar to, but not quite the same as, that used to make Cheddar. Some cheeses may be deliberately left to ferment from naturally airborne spores and bacteria; this approach generally leads to a less consistent product but one that is valuable in a niche market. Culturing Cheese is made by bringing milk (possibly pasteurised) in the cheese vat to a temperature required to promote the growth of the bacteria that feed on lactose and thus ferment the lactose into lactic acid. These bacteria in the milk may be wild, as is the case with unpasteurised milk, added from a culture, frozen or freeze dried concentrate of starter bacteria. Bacteria which produce only lactic acid during fermentation are homofermentative; those that also produce lactic acid and other compounds such as carbon dioxide, alcohol, aldehydes and ketones are heterofermentative. Fermentation using homofermentative bacteria is important in the production of cheeses such as Cheddar, where a clean, acid flavour is required. For cheeses such as Emmental the use of heterofermentative bacteria is necessary to produce the compounds that give characteristic fruity flavours and, importantly, the gas that results in the formation of bubbles in the cheese ('eye holes'). Starter cultures are chosen to give a cheese its specific characteristics. In the case of mould-ripened cheese such as Stilton, Roquefort or Camembert, mould spores (fungal spores) may be added to the milk in the cheese vat or can be added later to the cheese curd. Coagulation During the fermentation process, once sufficient lactic acid has been developed, rennet is added to cause the casein to precipitate. Rennet contains the enzyme chymosin which converts κ-casein to para-κ-caseinate (the main component of cheese curd, which is a salt of one fragment of the casein) and glycomacropeptide, which is lost in the cheese whey. As the curd is formed, milk fat is trapped in a casein matrix. After adding the rennet, the cheese milk is left to form curds over a period of time. Fresh chevre hanging in cheesecloth to drain. Draining Once the cheese curd is judged to be ready, the cheese whey must be released. As with many foods the presence of water and the bacteria in it encourages decomposition. To prevent such decomposition it is necessary to remove most of the water (whey) from the cheese milk, and hence cheese curd, to make a partial dehydration of the curd. There are several ways to separate the curd from the whey. Maturing cheese in a cheese cellar Scalding In making Cheddar (or many other hard cheeses) the curd is cut into small cubes and the temperature is raised to approximately 39 °C (102 °F) to 'scald' the curd particles. Syneresis occurs and cheese whey is expressed from the particles. The Cheddar curds and whey are often transferred from the cheese vat to a cooling table which contains screens that allow the whey to drain, but which trap the curd. The curd is cut using long, blunt knives and 'blocked' (stacked, cut and turned) by the cheesemaker to promote the release of cheese whey in a process known as 'cheddaring'. During this process the acidity of the curd increases to a desired level. The curd is then milled into ribbon shaped pieces and salt is mixed into it to arrest acid development. The salted green cheese curd is put into cheese moulds lined with cheesecloths and pressed overnight to allow the curd particles to bind together. The pressed blocks of cheese are then removed from the cheese moulds and are either bound with muslin-like cloth, or waxed or vacuum packed in plastic bags to be stored for maturation. Vacuum packing removes oxygen and prevents mould (fungal) growth during maturation, which depending on the wanted final product may be a desirable characteristic or not. Mould-ripening Main article: Cheese ripening In contrast to cheddaring, making cheeses like Camembert requires a more gentle treatment of the curd. It is carefully transferred to cheese hoops and the whey is allowed to drain from the curd by gravity, generally overnight. The cheese curds are then removed from the hoops to be brined by immersion in a saturated salt solution. The salt absorption stops bacteria growing, as with Cheddar. If white mould spores have not been added to the cheese milk it is applied to the cheese either by spraying the cheese with a suspension of mould spores in water or by immersing the cheese in a bath containing spores of, e.g., Penicillium candida. By taking the cheese through a series of maturation stages where temperature and relative humidity are carefully controlled, allowing the surface mould to grow and the mould-ripening of the cheese by fungi to occur. Mould-ripened cheeses ripen very quickly compared to hard cheeses (weeks against months or years). This is because the fungi used are biochemically very active when compared with starter bacteria. Some cheeses are surface-ripened by moulds, such as Camembert and Brie, some are ripened internally, such as Stilton, which is pierced with stainless steel wires, to admit air to promote mould spore germination and growth, as with Penicillium roqueforti. Surface ripening of some cheeses, such as Saint-Nectaire, may also be influenced by yeasts which contribute flavour and coat texture. Others are allowed to develop bacterial surface growths which give characteristic colours and appearances, e.g. by the growth of Brevibacterium linens which gives an orange coat to cheeses.","The main ingredient used to make cheese is milk. Cow's milk is commonly used, though goat, sheep or buffalo can also be used, as could the milk of any mammal in theory. Starter cultures are typically added to aid in the culturing stage of the process. Rennet is added to the cheese milk to promote the separation into cheese curd and whey. Ultimately, salt is added to halt the production of acid later in the process. Finally, mould spores are introduced to assist in ripening. This can be added to the cheese milk early on in the process, or just prior to maturing.",information_extraction What caused World War 1?,,"There is no definite answer, however there are several speculations about what caused World War 1. An answer approved by many historians is the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist organization. This assassination led to Austria-Hungary declaring war against Serbia. In response to this declaration, many countries joined forces under the guise of 'alliance'.",open_qa What is the origin of the Easter Egg in video games?,"An Easter egg is a message, image, or feature hidden in software, a video game, a film, or another — usually electronic — medium. The term used in this manner was coined around 1979 by Steve Wright, the then-Director of Software Development in the Atari Consumer Division, to describe a hidden message in the Atari video game Adventure, in reference to an Easter egg hunt. The earliest known video game Easter egg is in Moonlander (1973), in which the player tries to land a Lunar module on the moon; if the player opts to fly the module horizontally through several of the game's screens, they encounter a McDonald's restaurant, and if they land next to it the astronaut will visit it instead of standing next to the ship. The earliest known Easter egg in software in general is one placed in the ""make"" command for PDP-6/PDP-10 computers sometime in October 1967–October 1968, wherein if the user attempts to create a file named ""love"" by typing ""make love"", the program responds ""not war?"" before proceeding.","The term used in this manner was coined around 1979 by Steve Wright, the then-Director of Software Development in the Atari Consumer Division, to describe a hidden message in the Atari video game Adventure",closed_qa Name some of the popular gaming consoles in the 2020s,,"PlayStation 5, Xbox series X, Nintendo Switch, and Steam Deck",open_qa "Which of these games are traditionally considered to be board games, and which are card games? Monopoly, Trivial Pursuit, Poker, Snap, Chess, Backgammon, Bridge and Scrabble.",,"Monopoly, Trivial Pursuit, Chess, Backgammon and Scrabble are all board games. Poker, Snap and Bridge are types of card games.",classification What do you wish you had spent more time doing when you were younger?,,"As I reflect on my life, perhaps the most important area I wish I had spent more time on is investing in my health and wellness. I wish I spent more time exercising, eating well-balanced meals, and spending time with family. All of these things are core parts of the experience of being a human and would ensure future years in life pass with grace and ease.",creative_writing What is the Phillips curve?,,"In economics, the Phillips curve is the short-run tradeoff between the unemployment rate and inflation. The relationship implies a negative correlation such that an increase in the unemployment rate is associated with a decrease in wage rate. Conversely, during times in which the unemployment rate is quite low (strong demand for labor) the growth of wages is typically observed to be quite high, or increasing. While this phenomenon has been observed in the short-run there are some periods in which the relationship does not hold.",open_qa Let's imagine I create a fake currency called Yarns with two types of coins: a super-yarn (worth 10 yarns) and a mini-yarn (worth 0.5 yarn). How much money do I have in total if I have 2 super-yarns and three mini-yarns?,,"Given that a super-yarn is worth 10 yarns and a mini-yarn is worth 0.5 yarn, if you have 2 super-yarns and 3 mini-yarns you have 21.5 yarns in total.",open_qa Provide a comma separated list of all the universities listed in this passage,"In addition, she has presented on the topic of synesthesia at a number of universities including Yale University, Princeton University, the University of California, San Diego, Rockefeller University, the University of Virginia, the University of Almería, the University of Jaén, Stockholm University and others. Duffy was invited to be a Plenary Speaker on synesthesia at the ""Towards a Science of Consciousness"" conference at University of Arizona in Tucson. She is a co-founder of and consultant to the American Synesthesia Association.","Yale University, Princeton University, the University of California, San Diego, Rockefeller University, the University of Virginia, the University of Almería, the University of Jaén, Stockholm University, University of Arizona",information_extraction How many colors are there in a rainbow.,,Seven,open_qa What's the difference between splitboarding and snowboarding?,,"Splitboarding is a more specialized form of snowboarding that also enables uphill and lateral travel, in addition to conventional downhill (alpine) travel. Snowboarders will typically ride within a developed ski resort using powered chairlifts, while a splitboarder typically ventures into undeveloped areas backcountry areas. From an equipment perspective, a splitboard looks like a conventional snowboard for downhill travel, but for uphill travel it splits into two ski-like surfaces that, with grippy climbing skins attached on the base that contacts the snow, enables people to step and glide uphill on snow. In addition to conventional downhill snowboarding skills, splitboarding requires additional skills in uphill technique, safely navigating the backcountry (including avalanche risk).",open_qa Give me some tips for cooking the best bolognese sauce.,,"In order to cook bolognese sauce, it is important to use quality ingredients. You're going to need the following: Italian tomato sauce, onion, celery, carrot, minced meat, extra virgin olive oil, salt, white or red wine and milk. Here are some useful tips: - Take your time. Cooking a great bolognese sauce takes at least 4 hours. Set the stove level at low. - Start by cooking the ""sofritto"". This is a mix of chopped onions, celery and carrots. - - Add the meat to the ""sofritto"". Be sure to seal it so it doesn't leak water into your sauce. - Add some wine and boil it completely. - When there is no liquid left, add the tomato sauce and some water, and cook it for at 3 to 5 hours. You can add more water during the process if needed.",brainstorming Write an analysis of the meaning of the green light in the Great Gatsby,,"The green light is a well known symbol used in the book the Great Gatsby, which can be seen to symbolize many different things. The color of the light is notable because green is a deeply symbolic color, and it is often associated with money and greed. Because the Great Gatsby is ultimately a story about wealth and excess, as well as human greed, this color is a purposeful choice to associate the idea of wealth always being just out of grasp. Additionally, the light ultimately symbolizes something which is just out of grasp, and can be seen as a metaphor of Jay Gatbsy's continuous pursuit of Daisy which was always destined to fail.",creative_writing Write an email to a friend you haven't seen in a long time telling them about your move to California,,"Dear Florence - I hope you are doing well. It was such a joy to get your letter in the mail. I normally just get a lot of junk mail and bills. I am happy to hear you've settled into your new home and things in general are going well for you. I wanted to write you back to tell you about my move to California! The move itself was fairly uneventful. The hardest part was dealing with Felix who refused to go into his cat carrier and was generally upset over the whole ordeal. California so far is great. Everything is expensive (Yikes!) but the food is amazing, the nature is stunning, and there is so much to see and do. I feel like I will never run out of fun weekend trips or restaurants to try. You will have to visit me soon! I have a spare bedroom and you could stay with me for a long weekend or more if you want. It would be so much fun to show you all the things I've found so far and to get to spend some quality time together. When you get a chance, please do drop me a line or give me a call. I love hearing from you and miss our long talks. Your friend, Shirley",creative_writing """Big Bang"": what does it mean?",,"The Big Bang theory, which is how astronomers explain the origin of the universe, holds that the universe as we know it began billions of years ago in a huge explosion. At the time of this explosion, all the matter that exists in the universe today was concentrated at one point. From the moment of the explosion, matter began to expand and is still expanding today. That is why the Big Bang theory includes the theory of the expanding universe. In addition to expanding, matter began to form more complex structures, from atoms and molecules to the living organisms we know today. The name ""Big Bang"" was first used by physicist Fred Hoyle in 1949, who disagreed with this theory, preferring the steady-state model of the universe. The idea of a big bang seemed absurd to Hoyle.",open_qa Who is Lilith?,,Lilith is a figure who appears in both Mesopotamian and Judaic mythology and is purported to be Adam's first wife. She was banished from the Garden of Eden for not being subservient and obeying him.,open_qa What is LDAP?,,"LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is a software protocol for enabling anyone to locate data about organizations, individuals and other resources such as files and devices in a network -- whether on the public internet or a corporate intranet.",open_qa what is rain ?,,"Water from various water bodies like lakes, oceans along with water from plants & trees evaporate as vapour due to the heat from sun. This rises, cools and changes into tiny droplets of water which form clouds. Multiple tiny droplets join to form bigger water drops and once they become heavy enough, they come down as rain. Small droplets are called drizzles and the bigger ones as rain !",open_qa Do vegetarians eat meat?,,"No, vegetarians do not eat meat. People who eat meat are called carnivores or omnivores. People who do not eat meat are called vegetarians. People who eat only fish are called pescatarians. People who do not consume any animals products are called vegans.",open_qa What is it inflation?,,"In economics, inflation is an increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services; consequently, inflation corresponds to a reduction in the purchasing power of money.",open_qa What is brackish water and where does it occur?,,"Brackish water is water which is a mixture of freshwater and seawater, and is often found in bays or estuaries",open_qa "Give me a few recipes you could make with bread, butter, eggs, and cheese where I have a stovetop, toaster, and a frying pan.",,"Here are a few recipes you could make with the ingredients and tools you mentioned. 1. Grilled cheese and sunny-side up eggs: Warm up your frying pan on the stove top. Heat a small amount of butter on the frying pan until melted and then place two slices of bread side-by-side into the pan. Place cheese on one slice of bread and heat until bread is crispy and cheese has started to melt. Then cover the slice of bread with melted cheese with the other slice of bread and remove from the frying pan. Gently crack an egg and place it into the frying pan. Cook until the egg whites are hardened. You may then cook until the yolks are of your desired consistency. 2. Toast and cheese omelette: Place bread into toaster and cook to desired level. Spread desired amount of butter on bread. Warm up your frying pan on the stove top. Heat a small amount of butter on the frying pan until melted. In the meantime, gently crack eggs into a bowl and whisk eggs. Place whisked eggs into heated frying pan until eggs have started to harden. Place cheese onto eggs and fold. 3. Scrambled eggs with toast: Place bread into toaster and cook to desired level. Spread desired amount of butter on bread. Warm up your frying pan on the stove top. Heat a small amount of butter on the frying pan until melted. In the meantime, gently crack eggs into a bowl and whisk eggs. Place whisked eggs into heated frying pan and consistently mix. Place cheese into pan and continue mixing until eggs set.",brainstorming Who developed calculus and when was it discovered?,,"Calculus was discovered in the late 17th century by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz. Calculus is also required curriculum in most colleges and high schools if you study mathematics or physics. Calculus deals with two main concepts - integration and differentiation. These concepts and formulas in calculus help us understand rates of changes, and areas with respect to time.",open_qa List all the important milestone in chronological order,"Tesla was incorporated in July 2003 by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning as Tesla Motors. The company's name is a tribute to inventor and electrical engineer Nikola Tesla. In February 2004, via a $6.5 million investment, Elon Musk became the largest shareholder of the company. He has served as CEO since 2008. According to Musk, the purpose of Tesla is to help expedite the move to sustainable transport and energy, obtained through electric vehicles and solar power. Tesla began production of its first car model, the Roadster sports car, in 2008. This was followed by the Model S sedan in 2012, the Model X SUV in 2015, the Model 3 sedan in 2017, the Model Y crossover in 2020, and the Tesla Semi truck in 2022. The company plans to start production of the Cybertruck light-duty pickup truck in 2023. The Model 3 is the all-time bestselling plug-in electric car worldwide, and, in June 2021, became the first electric car to sell 1 million units globally. Tesla's 2022 full year deliveries were around 1.31 million vehicles, a 40% increase over the previous year, and cumulative sales totaled 3 million cars as of August 2022. In October 2021, Tesla's market capitalization reached $1 trillion, the sixth company to do so in U.S. history. Tesla has been the subject of several lawsuits, government scrutiny, journalistic criticism, and public controversies arising from statements and acts of CEO Elon Musk and from allegations of whistleblower retaliation, worker rights violations, and defects with their products.","July 2003 - Tesla incorporated by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning February 2004 - Elon Musk become the largest shareholder with a $6.5 million investment 2008 - Elon Musk become the CEO 2008 - Tesla release first car Roadster sports car 2012 - Tesla release Model S sedan 2015 - Tesla release Model X SUV 2017 - Tesla release Model 3 sedan 2020 - Tesla release Model Y crossover June 2021 - Model 3 becomes all-time bestselling plug-in electric car worldwide October 2021 - Tesla reached 1 trillion market cap 2022 - Tesla release Tesla Semi August 2022 - Tesla deliver 3 million vehicles cumulatively 2023 - Tesla plans to begin production of Cybertruck",information_extraction Who won the Man Booker International Prize for 2019?,,Jokha Alharthi (Oman Author),open_qa "Given a reference text about the history of the workweek, what social forces precipitated the creation of a five-day workweek in the United States and when?","A continuous seven day cycle that runs throughout history, paying no attention whatsoever to the phases of the moon and having a fixed day of rest, was most likely first practised in Judaism, dated to the 6th century BC at the latest. In Ancient Rome (753 BC–476 AD), every eight days there was a nundinae. It was a market day, during which children were exempted from school and agricultural workers stopped work in the field and came to the city to sell the produce of their labor or to practice religious rites.[citation needed] The French Revolutionary Calendar (1793–1805) had ten-day weeks (called décades) and allowed décadi, one out of the ten days, as a leisure day. From 1929 to 1940, the Soviet Union utilized a calendar with five and six-day work weeks, with a rest day assigned to a worker either with a colour or number. In cultures with a four-day workweek, the three Sabbaths derive from the culture's main religious tradition: Friday (Muslim), Saturday (Jewish, Adventist), and Sunday (Christian). The present-day concept of the relatively longer 'week-end' first arose in the industrial north of Britain in the early 19th century and was originally a voluntary arrangement between factory owners and workers allowing Saturday afternoon off starting at 2 pm on the basis that staff would be available for work sober and refreshed on Monday morning. The Oxford English Dictionary traces the first use of the term weekend to the British magazine Notes and Queries in 1879. In 1908, the first five-day workweek in the United States was instituted by a New England cotton mill so that Jewish workers would not have to work on the Sabbath from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday. In 1926, Henry Ford began shutting down his automotive factories for all of Saturday and Sunday, due to pressures stemming from the October Revolution,[citation needed] which witnessed the ruling class persecuted for not giving the laborers dignifying conditions. In 1929, the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America was the first union to demand and receive a five-day workweek. The rest of the United States slowly followed, but it was not until 1940, when a provision of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act mandating a maximum 40-hour workweek went into effect, that the two-day weekend was adopted nationwide. Over the succeeding decades, particularly in the 1940s to 1960s, an increasing number of countries adopted either a Friday–Saturday or a Saturday–Sunday weekend to harmonize with international markets. A series of workweek reforms in the mid-to-late 2000s and early 2010s brought much of the Arab World in synchronization with the majority of countries around the world, in terms of working hours, the length of the workweek, and the days of the weekend. The International Labour Organization (ILO) currently defines a workweek exceeding 48 hours as excessive. A 2007 study by the ILO found that at least 614.2 million people around the world were working excessive hours.","The creation of a five-day workweek in the United States came about as a result of organizing by and pressure from workers and labor groups in the first half of the 20th century, as they demanded dignified working conditions from their employers and the ruling class.",closed_qa Give me a list of 5 key challenges faced by users moving from a Windows laptop to a Macbook,,"1. Incompatibility between MS office documents and MacOS native applications like pages and numbers 2. Inability to copy content on and off of the laptop easily 3. Learning the differences between the windows keyboard and the macbook keyboard commands to do simple tasks - like right click or taking a screenshot 4. The change in process to deploy software. 5. Navigating the difference between the layout and structure of WIndows explorer vs Macbook finder",brainstorming What is combinatorial optimisation?,,"Combinatorial optimisation is a field of applied mathematics, combining techniques from combinatorics, linear programming, and the theory of algorithms, to solve discrete optimisation problems. It is usually used as an alias of discrete optimisation. A combinatorial optimisation problem can generally be drawn as a triple (S, f, C), where S is a given search space, f is the objective function, which should be either maximised or minimised, and C is the set of constraints that have to be fulfilled to obtain feasible solutions. The goal is to find a globally optimal solution, meaning a solution s' that belongs to S, with either the highest or lowest objective value in the case of maximisation or minimisation, each under the restriction of constraints.",open_qa "How many vaccines should I get, if a dog bites me?",,"There is no common number that applies to all, so you should immediately seek medical assistance. And then, based on the severity of the bite, your health provider can recommend the number of vaccines, along with any other treatment.",open_qa At what age should I get a shingles vaccine?,,"The US CDC recommends adults at the age of 50 or older receive a singles vaccine, but adults at the age of 19 or older are also recommended to get one if they have a weakened immune system.",open_qa "you are riding your bicycle to the store and your bicycle has a basket. which of the following items can you take back home? a toothbrush, a TV, a bar of soap, a pair of pants, a pair of skis, a loaf of bread, a tiger, a phone charger",,"you can take back, the tooth brush, the bar of soap, a pair of pants, a loaf of bread and a phone charger",classification Why do people like the game Diplomacy?,,"Diplomacy is a strategic board game that does not rely on dice or other game elements to introduce randomness into results of gameplay. In the game Diplomacy, players negotiate, form alliances, and betray each other in an effort to occupy geographic provinces and control of ""supply centers"" to win the game. People like playing the game Diplomacy because it is unique compared to other strategic board games. In Diplomacy, all players submit their ""orders"" to move their pieces around the board into a box and those orders are adjudicated at the same time, making it difficult to gain an advantage over another player without communicating and planning out moves with other players. The only variable in the game is each player's ability to convince the other players to do what they want. Some people find this aspect of negotiation-based game play compelling, while others find the ""anything goes"" nature of these negotiations repelling. Therefore, Diplomacy is sometimes referred to as the ""game that ruins friendships.""",creative_writing What are five different things you could use a ruler to do?,,"You could use a ruler to measure the length of things, to draw a straight line, to check if something is straight, to mark a spot in a book or to hold down a stack of papers",brainstorming "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Jason Todd, Winter Soldier",,"Jason Todd is DC, Winter Soldier is Marvel",classification What is the difference between the right and left side of the brain?,"The lateralization of brain function is the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other. The median longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum. Although the macrostructure of the two hemispheres appears to be almost identical, different composition of neuronal networks allows for specialized function that is different in each hemisphere.","The lateralization of brain function is the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other. The median longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum. Although the macrostructure of the two hemispheres appears to be almost identical, different composition of neuronal networks allows for specialized function that is different in each hemisphere. Lateralization of brain structures is based on general trends expressed in healthy patients; however, there are numerous counterexamples to each generalization. Each human's brain develops differently, leading to unique lateralization in individuals. This is different from specialization, as lateralization refers only to the function of one structure divided between two hemispheres. Specialization is much easier to observe as a trend, since it has a stronger anthropological history. The best example of an established lateralization is that of Broca's and Wernicke's areas, where both are often found exclusively on the left hemisphere. Function lateralization, such as semantics, intonation, accentuation, and prosody, has since been called into question and largely been found to have a neuronal basis in both hemispheres. Another example is that each hemisphere in the brain tends to represent one side of the body. In the cerebellum, this is the same body side, but in the forebrain this is predominantly the contralateral side. Language functions such as grammar, vocabulary and literal meaning are typically lateralized to the left hemisphere, especially in right-handed individuals. While language production is left-lateralized in up to 90% of right-handers, it is more bilateral, or even right-lateralized, in approximately 50% of left-handers. Broca's area and Wernicke's area, associated with the production of speech and comprehension of speech, respectively, are located in the left cerebral hemisphere for about 95% of right-handers but about 70% of left-handers. 69  Individuals who speak multiple languages demonstrate separate speech areas for each language. The processing of basic sensory information is lateralized by being divided into left and right sides of the body or the space around the body. In vision, about half the neurons of the optic nerve from each eye cross to project to the opposite hemisphere, and about half do not cross to project to the hemisphere on the same side. This means that the left side of the visual field is processed largely by the visual cortex of the right hemisphere and vice versa for the right side of the visual field. In hearing, about 90% of the neurons of the auditory nerve from one ear cross to project to the auditory cortex of the opposite hemisphere. In the sense of touch, most of the neurons from the skin cross to project to the somatosensory cortex of the opposite hemisphere. Because of this functional division of the left and right sides of the body and of the space that surrounds it, the processing of information in the sensory cortices is essentially identical. That is, the processing of visual and auditory stimuli, spatial manipulation, facial perception, and artistic ability are represented bilaterally. Numerical estimation, comparison and online calculation depend on bilateral parietal regions while exact calculation and fact retrieval are associated with left parietal regions, perhaps due to their ties to linguistic processing. Rather than just being a series of places where different brain modules occur, there are running similarities in the kind of function seen in each side, for instance how right-side impairment of drawing ability making patients draw the parts of the subject matter with wholly incoherent relationships, or where the kind of left-side damage seen in language impairment not damaging the patient's ability to catch the significance of intonation in speech. This has led British psychiatrist Iain McGilchrist to view the two hemispheres as having different value systems, where the left hemisphere tends to reduce complex matters such as ethics to rules and measures, and the right hemisphere is disposed to the holistic and metaphorical. Depression is linked with a hyperactive right hemisphere. The delusional misidentification syndromes, reduplicative paramnesia and Capgras delusion are also often the result of right hemisphere lesions. Damage to either the right or left hemisphere, and its resulting deficits provide insight into the function of the damaged area. Left hemisphere damage has many effects on language production and perception. Damage or lesions to the right hemisphere can result in a lack of emotional prosody or intonation when speaking. Right hemisphere damage also has grave effects on understanding discourse. People with damage to the right hemisphere have a reduced ability to generate inferences, comprehend and produce main concepts, and a reduced ability to manage alternative meanings. Furthermore, people with right hemisphere damage often exhibit discourse that is abrupt and perfunctory or verbose and excessive. They can also have pragmatic deficits in situations of turn taking, topic maintenance and shared knowledge. Lateral brain damage can also affect visual perceptual spatial resolution. People with left hemisphere damage may have impaired perception of high resolution, or detailed, aspects of an image. People with right hemisphere damage may have impaired perception of low resolution, or big picture, aspects of an image. If a specific region of the brain, or even an entire hemisphere, is injured or destroyed, its functions can sometimes be assumed by a neighboring region in the same hemisphere or the corresponding region in the other hemisphere, depending upon the area damaged and the patient's age. When injury interferes with pathways from one area to another, alternative (indirect) connections may develop to communicate information with detached areas, despite the inefficiencies. Broca's aphasia is a specific type of expressive aphasia and is so named due to the aphasia that results from damage or lesions to the Broca's area of the brain, that exists most commonly in the left inferior frontal hemisphere. Thus, the aphasia that develops from the lack of functioning of the Broca's area is an expressive and non-fluent aphasia. It is called 'non-fluent' due to the issues that arise because Broca's area is critical for language pronunciation and production. The area controls some motor aspects of speech production and articulation of thoughts to words and as such lesions to the area result in specific non-fluent aphasia. Wernicke's aphasia is the result of damage to the area of the brain that is commonly in the left hemisphere above the Sylvian fissure. Damage to this area causes primarily a deficit in language comprehension. While the ability to speak fluently with normal melodic intonation is spared, the language produced by a person with Wernicke's aphasia is riddled with semantic errors and may sound nonsensical to the listener. Wernicke's aphasia is characterized by phonemic paraphasias, neologism or jargon. Another characteristic of a person with Wernicke's aphasia is that they are unconcerned by the mistakes that they are making. Terence Hines states that the research on brain lateralization is valid as a research program, though commercial promoters have applied it to promote subjects and products far outside the implications of the research. For example, the implications of the research have no bearing on psychological interventions such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and neurolinguistic programming, brain-training equipment, or management training. Some popularizations oversimplify the science about lateralization, by presenting the functional differences between hemispheres as being more absolute than is actually the case. Interestingly, research has shown quite opposite function of brain lateralisation, i.e. left hemisphere creatively and chaotically links between concepts and right hemisphere tends to adhere to specific date and time, although generally adhering to the pattern of left-brain as linguistic interpretation and right brain as spatio-temporal. In the 19th century and to a lesser extent the 20th, it was thought that each side of the brain was associated with a specific gender: the left corresponding with masculinity and the right with femininity and each half could function independently. The right side of the brain was seen as the inferior and thought to be prominent in women, savages, children, criminals, and the insane. A prime example of this in fictional literature can be seen in Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.",summarization What has more caffeine between Coffee and Tea,,"While many teas do have caffeine like Green and Black, Coffee has about twice as much caffeine content.",open_qa What is Aerial Yoga,"Aerial yoga is a hybrid type of yoga developed by Michelle Dortignac in 2006 combining traditional yoga poses, pilates, and dance with the use of a hammock.",Aerial yoga is is the process of hanging from a yoga sling or hammock to practice yoga postures while hanging freely in the air. Stretching is assisted by the force of gravity and the swinging action can be relaxing and distracting for the mind.,summarization "Given the reference text below, tell me when did the Seattle Seahawks win the Super Bowl, who they played against in the final game, and what was the final score.","In the 2013 NFL season, the Seahawks continued their momentum from the previous season, finishing tied with the Denver Broncos for an NFL-best regular season record of 13–3, while earning the NFC's #1 playoff seed. Their 2013 campaign included big wins over the Carolina Panthers, New Orleans Saints, and the San Francisco 49ers. Six Seahawks players were named to the Pro Bowl: Quarterback Russell Wilson, center Max Unger, running back Marshawn Lynch, cornerback Richard Sherman, free safety Earl Thomas, and strong safety Kam Chancellor. However, none of them were able to play in the Pro Bowl, as the Seahawks defeated the New Orleans Saints 23–15 and the San Francisco 49ers 23–17, in the playoffs to advance to Super Bowl XLVIII against the Denver Broncos. On February 2, 2014, the Seahawks won the franchise's only Super Bowl Championship, defeating Denver 43–8. The Seahawks' defense performance in 2013 was acclaimed as one of the best in the Super Bowl era. Marshawn Lynch scored on a 67-yard touchdown run in the NFC Wild-Card Playoff Game against the New Orleans Saints in 2011. The 2014 campaign saw the team lose some key pieces, including wide receiver Golden Tate to free agency and wide receiver Sidney Rice and defensive end Chris Clemons to retirement. Percy Harvin was also let go mid-season after several underachieving weeks and clashes with the rest of the locker room. Despite starting 3–3, they rallied to a 12–4 record, good enough once again for the #1 seed in the NFC Playoffs. After dispatching the Carolina Panthers handily in the Divisional Round 31–17, they faced the Green Bay Packers in the NFC Championship Game. Despite five turnovers and trailing 19–7 late in the contest, the Seahawks prevailed in overtime to reach Super Bowl XLIX against New England Patriots, but an ill-fated interception at the 1-yard line late in the championship game stymied a comeback attempt and thwarted the Seahawks' bid to be the first repeat Super Bowl champions since the Patriots had won Super Bowls XXXVIII and XXXIX. The Seahawks returned to the playoffs in both 2015 and 2016, but despite winning the Wild Card game in both years they failed to win either Divisional round game on the road. The 2017 iteration of the team missed the playoffs for the first time in six years, as injuries to their core players coupled with disappointing acquisitions of running back Eddie Lacy and kicker Blair Walsh failed them in a competitive NFC. The team cut ties with most of the remaining players that had been part of their meteoric rise and turnover both their Offensive and Defensive coaching staff in 2018, and an influx of young talent helped propel the team to a 10–6 record and another playoff berth that ultimately ended in a loss in the Wild Card game. In October 2018, owner Paul Allen died after a prolonged fight with cancer. In 2019, the Seahawks put up their best record since their last trip to the Super Bowl at 11–5, but they still lost 3 out of their last 4 games and lost their chance to win the NFC West. A likely explanation for their sloppy finish is because many of their players were injured late in the season. After defeating the Philadelphia Eagles 17–9 in the Wild Card game, they lost to the Green Bay Packers in the Divisional round, failing another attempt at a second Super Bowl. The 2020 season saw the Seahawks win their first five games, a franchise-best for a start to a season. Despite the Seahawks losing three of their next four games, the Seahawks finished strong, earning twelve victories for the first time since their Super Bowl season in 2014, and winning the division for the first time in four years. However, despite the 12–4 record and the division title, the Seahawks' season ended the following week against the Rams, who never trailed in a 30–20 victory. The Seahawks struggled and started the 2021 season 3–8. Russell Wilson had an injured finger missing 3 games and the Seahawks were shut out the first time in the Wilson era in Week 10 against the Packers. This was their worst first half of a season since 2009, under then-head coach Jim Mora. The Seahawks were eliminated from playoff contention on December 26 in a loss to the Chicago Bears, and they finished last in their division for the first time since 1996. With wins over the Lions and the Cardinals they finished 7–10. Following the 2021 season was an off-season of continuing change, punctuated with the trade of quarterback Russell Wilson to the team he and the Seahawks beat in Super Bowl XLVIII, the Denver Broncos, on March 6, 2022. The Broncos traded quarterback Drew Lock, tight end Noah Fant, defensive lineman Shelby Harris, two first-round picks (for that year's draft, No. 9 overall, and 2023's), two second-round picks (that year's, No. 40 overall, and 2023's) and a 2022 fifth-round selection to the Seahawks for Wilson and a 2022 fourth-round pick. Another hallmark franchise player from the Super Bowl-winning Seahawks, former All-Pro linebacker Bobby Wagner, was also cut by the team that same day, a move that saves them $16.6 million in cap space. The Seahawks also took on $26 million in dead money by trading Wilson; ESPN Stats & Information research revealed it to be the second-most dead money a team has ever incurred, trailing the $33.8 million the Philadelphia Eagles ate in their trade of Carson Wentz the previous year.",The Seattle Seahawks won their first NFL championship in the 2013 NFL season. They played against the Denver Broncos winning with a score of 43-8.,closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Seahorse or Arabian,,Seahorse,classification "Without quoting directly from the text, give me a summary of how rainbows are formed.","A rainbow is an optical phenomenon that can occur under certain meteorological conditions. It is caused by reflection, refraction and dispersion of light in water droplets resulting in an effect similar to a spectrum of light appearing in the sky. It takes the form of a multicoloured circular arc. Rainbows caused by sunlight always appear in the section of sky directly opposite the Sun. Rainbows can be full circles. However, the observer normally sees only an arc formed by illuminated droplets above the ground, and centered on a line from the Sun to the observer's eye. In a primary rainbow, the arc shows red on the outer part and violet on the inner side. This rainbow is caused by light being refracted when entering a droplet of water, then reflected inside on the back of the droplet and refracted again when leaving it. In a double rainbow, a second arc is seen outside the primary arc, and has the order of its colours reversed, with red on the inner side of the arc. This is caused by the light being reflected twice on the inside of the droplet before leaving it.","Rainbows are formed when light shines through water droplets, creating an optical phenomenon. The light is bent and reflected, creating a multicolored arc. Rainbows created by sunlight can be found in the sky, opposite the sun. Rainbows are usually observed as an arc, but can appear as full circles. A double rainbow appears when the light shining through each water droplet is reflected twice, creating a second arc, with the colours appearing in reverse order. The colors of the rainbow include; red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. The colors appear in order of their wavelength, from longest to shortest.",summarization In what city was Titanium first discovered?,"Titanium was discovered in Cornwall, Great Britain, by William Gregor in 1791 and was named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth after the Titans of Greek mythology. The element occurs within a number of minerals, principally rutile and ilmenite, which are widely distributed in the Earth's crust and lithosphere; it is found in almost all living things, as well as bodies of water, rocks, and soils. The metal is extracted from its principal mineral ores by the Kroll and Hunter processes. The most common compound, titanium dioxide, is a popular photocatalyst and is used in the manufacture of white pigments. Other compounds include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), a component of smoke screens and catalysts; and titanium trichloride (TiCl3), which is used as a catalyst in the production of polypropylene.",Cornwall,information_extraction "If Rosslyn Mountain Boys had produced two more albums, how many albums would they have produced?","Rosslyn Mountain Boys was a band that backed up a number of nationally known singers, and released two albums of their own.","Rosslyn Mountain Boys produced two albums on their own, so if they produced two more albums then they would have produced four albums.",information_extraction Describe a plan for driving from Florida to New York with some great places to stop with American History.,,"The drive from Florida to New York is close to 1,200 miles and will take a minimum of 17 hours in a car via interstate 95. There are many great stops along the way to learn more about American History. The states you will drive through starting from Florida are Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virgina, Maryland, Delaware and New Jersey before getting to New York. A few destinations to stop along the journey are Savannah Georgia which is known as America's first planned city, Charleston South Carolina Fort Sumter where the Civil War Started, Richmond where The Richmond Union Passenger Railway was the first electric streetcar in the U.S, Washington D.C. to visit our nation's capital, Baltimore Maryland where Fort McHenry is located and the Star-Spangled Banner was written and Philadelphia where the Liberty Bell is located.",creative_writing Extract the list of European Union member countries,"The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are signatories to the founding treaties of the union and thereby share in the privileges and obligations of membership. They have agreed by the treaties to share their own sovereignty through the institutions of the European Union in some, but not all, aspects of government. State governments must agree unanimously in the Council for the union to adopt some policies; for others, collective decisions are made by qualified majority voting. These obligations and sharing of sovereignty within the EU (sometimes referred to as supranational) make it unique among international organisations, as it has established its own legal order which by the provisions of the founding treaties is both legally binding and supreme on all the member states (after a landmark ruling of the ECJ in 1964). A founding principle of the union is the principle of subsidiarity, meaning that decisions are taken collectively if and only if they cannot realistically be taken individually. Another notable and unique feature of membership are the commissioners of the European Commission, who are appointed by each of the governments of the member states but do not represent their member state but instead work collectively in the interests of all the member states. In the 1950s, six core states founded the EU's predecessor European Communities (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany). The remaining states have acceded in subsequent enlargements. To accede, a state must fulfil the economic and political requirements known as the Copenhagen criteria, which require a candidate to have a democratic government and free-market economy together with the corresponding freedoms and institutions, and respect for the rule of law. Enlargement of the Union is also contingent upon the consent of all existing members and the candidate's adoption of the existing body of EU law, known as the acquis communautaire. The United Kingdom, which had acceded to the EU's predecessor in 1973, ceased to be an EU member state on 31 January 2020. No other member state has withdrawn from the EU and none has been suspended, although some dependent territories or semi-autonomous areas have left.","Formed in 1950s with six core states (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany) the European Union now has 27 members which are: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Republic of Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden",information_extraction In what year did Columbus reach the Americas?,,Columbus first reached the Americas in 1492,open_qa How does someone win the Tough Guy Contest?,"The Tough Guy Contest was an elimination style mixed martial arts tournament billed as “Anything Goes” and “Organized, Legalized, Streetfighting.” The inaugural field of 64 fighters was broken into light and heavyweight divisions. Bill Viola wrote the first codified set of mixed martial arts rules in 1979. Fighters were required to use open fingered padded gloves and permitted to use any combination of martial arts skills, including but not limited to boxing, wrestling, grappling, karate, judo, and jiu-jitsu techniques. Bouts were 3 two minute rounds judged using a 10-point-must system. Fighters could win by knockout, technical knockout, submission or decision. Fighters were broken into weight classes, required to wear Olympic style headgear, and subject to a doctor’s approval to fight.","Fighters win the Tough Guy Contest by winning every round of an elimination style tournament in their weight class. Fighters may use any combination of mixed martial arts skills to win each round by knockout, technical knockout, submission or decision based on a 10-point-must system.",summarization What things could a high school graduate do in a gap year between high school and college?,,"Go to community college, take different classes and see which subjects he likes. Travel / backpacking in a very different part of the world. Get a job, earn some money and get work experience. Take on a passion project and try to make it work. Volunteer at a non-profit in an area he might want to pursue as a career.",brainstorming When was the US flag created?,,"On June 14, 1777, the Continental Congress passed an act establishing an official flag. Today, the flag has 13 horizontal stripes that represent the colonies and 50 stars that represent the states.",open_qa Which day is the hardest for crossword puzzles?,,"There are many sources for crosswords, but the most popular might be the New York Times crossword. Its puzzle gets progressively harder from Monday to Saturday. Sunday is always a larger puzzle, but it is typically less difficult than Saturday, making Saturday the hardest day of the week.",open_qa Tell me what are aspects of polytopes from given text,"In geometry, a simplicial polytope is a polytope whose facets are all simplices. For example, a simplicial polyhedron in three dimensions contains only triangular faces and corresponds via Steinitz's theorem to a maximal planar graph. They are topologically dual to simple polytopes. Polytopes which are both simple and simplicial are either simplices or two-dimensional polygons.","1. A simplicial polytope is a polytope in geometry where each facet is a simplice. 2. As an illustration, a simplicial polyhedron in three dimensions with only triangular faces corresponds to a maximum planar network according to Steinitz's theorem. 3. They are simple polytopes topological dual. 4. Two-dimensional polygons or simplices are polytopes that are both simple and simplicial.",summarization Extract from the text year in which Italy First was launched,"Italy First was launched as a ""political association"" in October 2013 by Gianni Alemanno, a former mayor of Rome (2008–2013) for the PdL. A long-time politician of the Italian Social Movement (MSI) and National Alliance (AN), within which he led the Social Right faction, Alemanno had left the PdL a few days earlier. The founding manifesto of Italy First included criticism of the PdL, its participation in the European People's Party and its compliance to Europeanism and economic liberalism. One of the first political campaigns of the new party was against the euro currency.",2013,information_extraction Based on the text how does someone win in Texas Hold 'em?,"Texas hold 'em (also known as Texas holdem, hold 'em, and holdem) is one of the most popular variants of the card game of poker. Two cards, known as hole cards, are dealt face down to each player, and then five community cards are dealt face up in three stages. The stages consist of a series of three cards (""the flop""), later an additional single card (""the turn"" or ""fourth street""), and a final card (""the river"" or ""fifth street""). Each player seeks the best five card poker hand from any combination of the seven cards; the five community cards and their two hole cards. Players have betting options to check, call, raise, or fold. Rounds of betting take place before the flop is dealt and after each subsequent deal. The player who has the best hand and has not folded by the end of all betting rounds wins all of the money bet for the hand, known as the pot. In certain situations, a ""split-pot"" or ""tie"" can occur when two players have hands of equivalent value. This is also called a ""chop-pot"". Texas hold 'em is also the H game featured in HORSE and in HOSE.","In Texas Hold 'em there are two main ways to win. You can win by obtaining the highest possible hand utilizing the two cards that only you possess (the hold cards) and the five community cards on the table, or you outlast the rest of the players after each round of betting without folding. There are sometimes ties and in those situations the pot is split evenly.",summarization "Based on this passage, how many Boeing 747s are required to ship 10 of ASML's best-selling EUVs?","After decades of development, ASML shipped the first production extreme ultraviolet lithography machine in 2013. These machines produce light in the 13.5 nm wavelength range when a high-energy laser is focused on microscopic droplets of molten tin to produce a plasma, which then emits EUV light. The light is bounced off Zeiss mirrors that are the flattest mirrors in the world, on to the surface of a silicon wafer to deliver the designs for the chip. ASML's best-selling EUV product has been the Twinscan NXE:3600D, which costs up to $200 million. Shipping the machine requires 40 shipping containers, 20 trucks and three Boeing 747s. As of 2022, ASML has shipped around 140 EUV systems, and it is the only company to manufacture them. ASML is working on the next generation of EUV systems, with the first shipments to customers for R&D purposes expected to take place at the end of 2023. The platform is designated High-NA as it will increase the numerical aperture (NA) from 0.33 to 0.55, and each system is expected to cost $300 million.","The best-selling EUV is the Twinscan NXE:3600D, and it takes 3 Boeing 747s per EUV, so 30 Boeing 747s are required to ship ten Twinscan NXE:3600Ds.",closed_qa What is an unsecured loan?,,Unsecured loans are monetary loans that are not secured against the borrower's assets.,open_qa Are Grizzly bears and Brown bears the same?,,"Grizzly bears are actually a subspecies of brown bears (Ursus arctos horribilis). The difference is regional: Bears found inland are referred to as ""grizzlies"", while bears found on the coast are known as brown bears.",open_qa What is Collateral?,,"If there is a main security for a debt, such as a house securing a mortgage, any extra security supplied is called collateral.",open_qa Give me a short summary of the Industrial Revolution,"The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and the rise of the mechanized factory system. Output greatly increased, and a result was an unprecedented rise in population and in the rate of population growth. The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and many of the technological and architectural innovations were of British origin. By the mid-18th century, Britain was the world's leading commercial nation, controlling a global trading empire with colonies in North America and the Caribbean. Britain had major military and political hegemony on the Indian subcontinent; particularly with the proto-industrialised Mughal Bengal, through the activities of the East India Company. The development of trade and the rise of business were among the major causes of the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in history. Comparable only to humanity's adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement, the Industrial Revolution influenced in some way almost every aspect of daily life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. Some economists have said the most important effect of the Industrial Revolution was that the standard of living for the general population in the Western world began to increase consistently for the first time in history, although others have said that it did not begin to meaningfully improve until the late 19th and 20th centuries. GDP per capita was broadly stable before the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of the modern capitalist economy, while the Industrial Revolution began an era of per-capita economic growth in capitalist economies. Economic historians are in agreement that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history since the domestication of animals and plants. The precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is still debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.Eric Hobsbawm held that the Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 1780s and was not fully felt until the 1830s or 1840s, while T. S. Ashton held that it occurred roughly between 1760 and 1830.Rapid industrialisation first began in Britain, starting with mechanized textiles spinning in the 1780s, with high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurring after 1800. Mechanized textile production spread from Great Britain to continental Europe and the United States in the early 19th century, with important centres of textiles, iron and coal emerging in Belgium and the United States and later textiles in France. An economic recession occurred from the late 1830s to the early 1840s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanized spinning and weaving, slowed and their markets matured. Innovations developed late in the period, such as the increasing adoption of locomotives, steamboats and steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s and 1850s, were not powerful enough to drive high rates of growth. Rapid economic growth began to occur after 1870, springing from a new group of innovations in what has been called the Second Industrial Revolution. These innovations included new steel making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, the large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and the use of increasingly advanced machinery in steam-powered factories","The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, continental Europe and the United States. It moved production from human intensive to mechanization. It covered the period from about 1760 to 1820-1840. It was a huge advancement that is matched only with humanity's adoption of agriculture and domestication of animals.",summarization "Given this paragraph about Bichon Frisé, where did this dog breed originate?","The Bichon Frisé is often depicted as a French dog. Although the Bichon breed type are originally Spanish, used as sailing dogs, also as herding dogs sometimes, the French developed them into a gentle lap-dog variety. The Bichon type arose from the water dogs, and is descended from the poodle-type dogs and either the Barbet or one of the water spaniel class of breeds.","The Bichon breed type are originally Spanish. The French developed them into a lap-dog variety, and thus the Bichon Frisé is often depicted as a French dog.",closed_qa How many F1 races are there in a year?,,"There are 23 scheduled races in 2023, the most of any year. When F1 first started in 1950, there were only 7 races. Since then, the number of races has steadily increased.",open_qa What makes trees and plants green?,,"Trees, plants and algae are green because of chlorophyl and are actually perceived as green because chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light but reflects green light.",open_qa Who is Santa Clause?,,Santa Clause is known as Father Christmas or Saint Nicholas in Christian culture. According to the myth Santa Clause rides a slay and brings presents to all the children all over the world during Christmas every year. Santa Clause lives at the North Pole with the elves. When he is not busy delivering presents he and the elves are hard work at the North Pole making presents for the following year. Christian families let their kids believe this myth until they are at a reasoning age and can figure out for themselves that Santa Clause is not real.,open_qa What are the main places of visit in Port Blair.,"Tourism to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is increasing due to the popularity of beaches and adventure sports like snorkelling and sea-walking. Plans to develop various islands under NITI (National Institute of Transforming India) Aayog is also in progress. Luxury resorts with participation from the Government are set up to plan in Avis Island, Smith Island and Long Island. In Port Blair, the main places to visit are the Cellular Jail, Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, Andaman Water sports complex, Chatham Saw Mill, Mini Zoo, Corbyn's cove, Chidiya Tapu, Wandoor Beach, Forest Museum, Anthropological Museum, Fisheries Museum, Naval Museum (Samudrika), Ross Island and North Bay Island. Viper Island which was earlier visited is now kept closed by the administration. Other places include Havelock island famous for Radhanagar Beach, Neil Island for Scuba diving/snorkeling/sea walking, Cinque Island, Saddle peak, Mt Harriet, and Mud Volcano. Diglipur, located at North Andaman is also getting popular in 2018 and many tourists have started visiting North Andaman as well. The southern group (Nicobar islands) is mostly inaccessible to tourists. Indian tourists do not require a permit to visit the Andaman Islands, but if they wish to visit any tribal areas they need a special permit from the Deputy Commissioner in Port Blair. Permits are required for foreign nationals. For foreign nationals arriving by air, these are granted upon arrival at Port Blair.","In Port Blair, the main places to visit are the Cellular Jail, Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, Andaman Water sports complex, Chatham Saw Mill, Mini Zoo, Corbyn's cove, Chidiya Tapu, Wandoor Beach, Forest Museum, Anthropological Museum, Fisheries Museum, Naval Museum (Samudrika), Ross Island and North Bay Island.",information_extraction "Given a reference text about Dunkirk, tell me what schools are located in the area.","Dunkirk is a residential area of Nottingham, England which is located to the south-east of the University of Nottingham and the Queen's Medical Centre. It is in the electoral ward of 'Dunkirk and Lenton', part of the Nottingham South constituency, with a population of 10,920 in the 2011 census. While home to many permanent residents of Nottingham, the area also houses numerous students, including many international students, mainly from east and south-east Asia. The area has become increasingly popular in the last decade due to its proximity to the university. Dunkirk has a nursery, primary school and the Nottingham University Academy of Science and Technology; socially, there is the Old Lenton and Dunkirk Community Centre. Dunkirk also has a small industrial area, next to the Nottingham Canal. Nottingham Science and Technology Park, Nottingham Science Park, is also located in Dunkirk. There is a large cinema and entertainment centre across the canal from Dunkirk, adjacent to Clifton Boulevard (A52 road).","A nursery school, primary school, and the Nottingham University Academy of Science and Technology are located in Dunkirk.",closed_qa Where is the mountain pass Pen-y-Pass,,"Pen-y-Pass is a mountain pass in Snowdonia, Gwynedd, north-west Wales. It is a popular location from which to walk up Snowdon, as three of the popular routes (the Miners Track, the Pyg Track and the ascent via Crib Goch) can be started here. Glyder Fawr, to the north, is also accessible from here. Situated at the high point of the Llanberis Pass at an elevation of 359 metres (1,178 ft) – about a third of the height of Snowdon – the road was built in the 1830s to allow ore from the mines on Snowdon to be transported to Llanberis. It would be taken down the Miners Track to a store-house at Pen-y-Pass first. Previously, the miners had had to move the ore over the Snowdon summit and down to Beddgelert, which is located at around a third the height of Snowdon.",open_qa Explain Cricket game,,"Cricket is mainly played between 2 teams and each team contains 11 players, distance between wickets is about 22 yards, Cricket has 3 different formats One International, T20 format and Test match which is longer format around 5 days, T20 is shorter format of game which has 20 overs to play each side, an Over means 6 deliveries bowled by a bowler, a batter from other team try to defend the bowler, 2nd batting team should be able to chase whatever scored by first batting team to win the game other wise second bowling team wins. If the batter hit the ball and reaches out of boundary line then its considered as six runs, if it crosses boundary line by the ground then it is considered as four, batters allowed to run between the wickets to score singles and doubles, total 11 batters can bat until they get all out, bowler can get out batters in different ways, if he misses the bat and touches the stumps then its called bowled, if fielders take catch with in boundary line then its called catch out, if batter try to take runs in between wickets and fielding team throws the ball at wickets before batter reaches popping crease then its called run out some what similar to baseball, Cricket is second popular sport in the world after soccer, India, England, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand are poplar teams, Virat Kohli is the biggest cricket of current generation. One Day International World cup happens every 4 years most of the times won by Australia, T20 World Cup happens in every 2 years.",creative_writing How do fiber optic cables transmit data?,,With light,open_qa How do solar panels create energy?,,Solar panels convert the radiant energy from sunlight into electric energy in the form of direct current electricity.,open_qa What is an interchange fee?,,"Interchange fee is a term used in the payment card industry to describe a fee paid between banks for the acceptance of card-based transactions. Usually for sales/services transactions it is a fee that a merchant's bank (the ""acquiring bank"") pays a customer's bank (the ""issuing bank""). In a credit card or debit card transaction, the card-issuing bank in a payment transaction deducts the interchange fee from the amount it pays the acquiring bank that handles a credit or debit card transaction for a merchant. The acquiring bank then pays the merchant the amount of the transaction minus both the interchange fee and an additional, usually smaller, fee for the acquiring bank or independent sales organization (ISO), which is often referred to as a discount rate, an add-on rate, or passthru. For cash withdrawal transactions at ATMs, however, the fees are paid by the card-issuing bank to the acquiring bank (for the maintenance of the machine).",open_qa When did Arsenal first reach the first division? How many league titles did they win between 1989 and 2005 and how many FA cups? How many trophies in total for that period?,"Arsenal was the first club from the South of England to join the Football League in 1893, and they reached the First Division in 1904. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division, and have won the second-most top-flight matches in English football history. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1989 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position. Between 1998 and 2017, Arsenal qualified for the UEFA Champions League for nineteen consecutive seasons.","Arsenal reached the first division in 1904. Between 1989 and 2005, Arsenal won 5 league titles and 5 FA cups. That’s a total of 10 trophies.",closed_qa What is the maximum speed a plane can reach?,,"That answer depends on the type of plane and what it is for. Commercial airplanes average 900 km/h, but military planes and jets can reach speeds over 1,000 km/h. Other planes like the Concorde and an F-16 fighter can exceed 2,000 km/h.",open_qa "Given this reference paragraph about the history of the 'five whys' technique, what was the original intention of asking the 'five whys'?","The technique was originally developed by Sakichi Toyoda and was used within the Toyota Motor Corporation during the evolution of its manufacturing methodologies. It is a critical component of problem-solving training, delivered as part of the induction into the Toyota Production System. The architect of the Toyota Production System, Taiichi Ohno, described the five whys method as ""the basis of Toyota's scientific approach by repeating why five times the nature of the problem as well as its solution becomes clear."" The tool has seen widespread use beyond Toyota, and is now used within Kaizen, lean manufacturing, lean construction and Six Sigma. The five whys were initially developed to understand why new product features or manufacturing techniques were needed, and was not developed for root cause analysis.",The original intention of asking the 'five whys' was to understand why new product features or manufacturing techniques were needed in Toyota's manufacturing practices.,closed_qa "Given this paragraph about muscle strains and that my symptoms include severe and acute pain with movement limitations, how bad is my strain?","A strain can occur as a result of improper body mechanics with any activity (e.g., contact sports, lifting heavy objects) that can induce mechanical trauma or injury. Generally, the muscle or tendon overstretches and is placed under more physical stress than it can withstand. Strains commonly result in a partial or complete tear of a tendon or muscle, or they can be severe in the form of a complete tendon rupture. Strains most commonly occur in the foot, leg, or back. Acute strains are more closely associated with recent mechanical trauma or injury. Chronic strains typically result from repetitive movement of the muscles and tendons over a long period of time. Degrees of Injury (as classified by the American College of Sports Medicine): First degree (mildest) – little tissue tearing; mild tenderness; pain with full range of motion. Second degree – torn muscle or tendon tissues; painful, limited motion; possibly some swelling or depression at the spot of the injury. Third degree (most severe) – limited or no movement; severe acute pain, though sometimes painless straight after the initial injury","You likely have a Grade 3 strain, often considered amongst the most severe types",closed_qa When was the Tesla Model 3 unit one million sold?,"The Tesla Model 3 became the world's all-time best-selling electric car in early 2020, and in June 2021 became the first electric car to pass 1 million global sales. Together with other emerging automotive technologies such as autonomous driving, connected vehicles and shared mobility, electric cars form a future mobility vision called Autonomous, Connected, Electric and Shared (ACES) Mobility.",June 2021,closed_qa What is a sleeping bag?,,A sleeping bag is a warm blanket that can be zipped up to enclose the sleeper. Sleeping bags are typically filled with either down or synthetic material (down is lighter but stays wet longer) and is often used for staying at night while camping.,open_qa How do you improve your basketball handles?,,"One of the best ways to improve your basketball handles is to practice beyond dribbling. Rotating the ball around your head, body and legs is a great way to get a better feel for the ball all around your body. Once you can effortlessly move the ball around those three parts of your body, you can start experimenting with handling the ball between your legs in a figure-eight rotation. To further advance that skill, you can start the rotation from your head to your body, to between your legs and back up all in a single session.",creative_writing Can artificial intelligence and large language models replace software engineers?,,"While it is unlikely that artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) while replace high performing software engineers in the near future, there is certainly an argument that these technologies could make engineers much more productive. This in turn could reduce the need and therefore replace lower level software engineering positions. These kinds of cultural and organizational changes will likely take time. Another important dynamic to consider is that generative AI technology could significantly lower the barrier to entry for these positions while also driving the need for newer kinds of roles based on the use of this technology platform.",open_qa Name some of the characters from DC Comics.,"The Flash (Bartholomew Henry ""Barry"" Allen) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He is the second character known as the Flash, following Jay Garrick. The character first appeared in Showcase #4 (October 1956), created by writer Robert Kanigher and penciler Carmine Infantino. Like other heroes who go by The Flash, Barry is a ""speedster"", with powers that derive mainly from his superhuman speed. He wears a distinct red and gold costume treated to resist friction and wind resistance, traditionally storing the costume compressed inside a ring. Originally created as a reimagining of the popular 1940s superhero The Flash (Jay Garrick), the success of the Barry Allen's Flash comic book helped to bring about the Silver Age of Comic Books, and contributed to a large growth in DC Comics' stable of science fiction comics and characters. During popular early volumes as the Flash, Barry established his own Rogues Gallery of colourful villains and sci-fi concepts like the Speed Force. Through crossovers with popular characters like Superman, Wonder Woman, and Batman, Barry Allen's Flash also helped establish DC's flagship Justice League title, whose success would define its publishing strategy for decades to come.","Superman, Wonder Woman, Batman and Flash.",information_extraction When was the 68th Division of People's Republic of China deactivated?,"The 68th Division (Chinese: 第68师) was created in February 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 11th Division, 4th Column of the Huadong Field Army. Its history can be traced to the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division of Huadong Field Army, formed in October 1946. The division was a part with 23rd Corps. It took part in several major battles during the Chinese Civil War, including the Lunan Campaign, the Laiwu Campaign, the Menglianggu Campaign, the Yudong Campaign, the Huaihai Campaign and the Shanghai Campaign. During the last phase of Huaihai campaign the division captured General Du Yuming, the deputy commander-in-chief of Suppression General Headquarters of Xuzhou Garrison. The division was composed of 202nd, 203rd and 204th Infantry Regiments. In August 1952 the division was inactivated: Headquarters, 68th Division and Headquarters, 202nd Infantry Regiment were transferred to the People's Liberation Army Air Force; 202nd Infantry Regiment was transferred to 67th Division as 199th Infantry Regiment; Headquarters, 203rd Infantry Regiment was transferred to the People's Liberation Army Navy.",The 68th Division of People's Republic of China was deactivated in 1952.,summarization What are some good Indian dishes?,,"There are many popular Indian dishes. Tandoori chicken, chicken tikka masala, and biryani are popular main courses. Samosas and naan bread are popular side dishes. Gulab jamun is a popular dessert.",brainstorming What is the Azure equivalent of EKS?,,Microsoft Azure offers the Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS),open_qa How many American's signed the Declaration of Independence?,"The Declaration of Independence was signed by 56 of America's Founding Fathers, who were Second Continental Congress delegates from New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The Declaration became one of the most circulated and widely reprinted documents in early American history.",56,closed_qa IsNarcissus tete a tete a flower,"Narcissus 'Tête-à-tête' is a hybrid cultivar of Narcissus, which was introduced in 1949. It is one of 110 cultivars produced by British daffodil breeder Alec Gray. 'Tête-à-tête' is a popular ornamental plant, which is known for its very early flowering period and short stature. This cultivar is commonly used as a garden plant where it can be planted in pots, rock gardens, garden borders and even naturalized in lawns. The cultivar name 'Tête-à-tête' means to have a conversation between two people, which relates to the cultivar often hosting a pair of flowers per stem.","Narcissus Tete-a-tete is a hybrid cultivar of Narcissus, which was introduced in 1949. It is one of 110 cultivars produced by British daffodil breeder Alec Gray.",summarization When is a good time to buy a car?,,"The best time to buy a car is typically at the end of the year, specifically December. This is because car dealerships are trying to meet their monthly, quarterly, and yearly quotas, so they are more likely to offer discounts and incentives. You can also find good deals at the end of the model year, when dealerships are clearing out their inventory to make room for the new models. Apart from this there are multiple sales events from dealerships throughout the year, such as during memorial day weekends.",creative_writing Who were the Defense Against the Dark Arts teachers in the Harry Potter series?,,"While Harry Potter was a student, there were six Defense Against the Dark Arts teachers while he was at Hogwarts. They are Quirinus Quirrell, Gilderoy Lockhart, Remus Lupin, Alastor 'Mad Eye' Moody (who was impersonated for a good chunk of the year by Bartemius Crouch Jr), Dolores Umbridge, and Severus Snape. The final year of the book series, when Harry Potter was no longer in the school, the position of Defense Against the Dark Arts was held by Amycus Carrow. Athough he mostly taught the Dark Arts, not the defense against them.",brainstorming How difficult is it to learn how to water ski?,,"For most people, learning how to water ski on two skis is pretty easy, but learning how to single ski is quite difficult. A recommended way to work toward learning how to single ski is to start on two skis, and then learn how to drop a ski. Once you are comfortable dropping a ski, you can then try starting from a single ski, which may take many weeks to learn, as well as require a fair amount of strength and athleticism.",open_qa Which companies did Theranos partner with in 2015?,"In 2012 Safeway invested $350 million into retrofitting 800 locations with clinics that would offer in-store blood tests. After many missed deadlines and questionable results from a trial clinic at Safeway's corporate offices, the deal was terminated in 2015. In 2013, Theranos partnered with Walgreens to offer in-store blood tests at more than 40 locations. Although Theranos blood tests were reportedly used on drug trial patients for GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer, both companies stated that there were no active projects with Theranos in October 2015. In June 2016, Walgreens terminated its partnership with Theranos. In November 2016 it filed suit against Theranos in federal court in Delaware for breach of contract. In June 2017, Theranos reported to investors that the suit, which originally sought $140 million in damages, was settled for less than $30 million. In March 2015 the Cleveland Clinic announced a partnership with Theranos to test its technology and decrease the cost of lab tests. In July 2015, Theranos became the lab-work provider for Pennsylvania insurers AmeriHealth Caritas and Capital Blue Cross. In July 2015 the Food and Drug Administration approved the use of the company's fingerstick blood testing device for the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) outside a clinical laboratory setting. Theranos was named the 2015 Bioscience Company of the Year by the Arizona BioIndustry Association (AzBio).","Theranos partnered with Cleveland Clinic in March 2015 to test its technology and decrease the cost of lab tests. In July 2015, Theranos became the lab-work provider for Pennsylvania insurers AmeriHealth Caritas and Capital Blue Cross.",closed_qa How do you generate power in a roundhouse kick in Muay Thai?,,"The power comes from a coordinated full body motion. You pivot on the ball of your foot, turn your hips and torso, and throw your leg forward in a sideways motion resembling the swinging of a baseball bat.",open_qa What is the plot of Persuasion by Jane Austen?,,"Persuasion, published in 1817, is romantic novel with themes of mature love, second chances, and family loyalty. Persuasion centers around Anne Elliot, who is one of three daughters of Sir Walter Elliot. Sir Walter is a widower who is conceited and selfish, and spends lavishly and beyond his means, which has forced the family to retrench by renting out their landed estate and relocating to lower-cost Bath. Anne is wise and kind but, at 26, is past her prime. At 19, Anne fell in love with, and accepted a marriage proposal from, Frederick Wentworth, a promising naval commander who is of a lower social status than Anne. Anne is persuaded by her family (father and older sister) and close friend (Lady Russell) to break off the proposal. The novel starts with the family planning for their relocation to Bath, and the Elliots have coincidentally rented their home to the sister and brother-in-law of Frederick Wentworth, now a naval captain. This provides Captain Wentworth with the opportunity to re-enter Anne’s life and her social circle. Captain Wentworth has achieved much success and wealth from his naval career. While Anne immediately notices and admires Captain Wentworth, he initially remains cold to her and commented that she has aged significantly since he last saw her. The plot takes various twists and turns, with other potential romantic interests for Captain Wentworth and Anne. As Captain Wentworth sees more of Anne, he learns to appreciate and respect her, and ultimately they fall in love again and agree to renew their engagement.",open_qa "Given a reference text about Hanlon's razor, when did the adage become well-known?","Hanlon's razor is an adage or rule of thumb that states, ""Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity."" Known in several other forms, it is a philosophical razor that suggests a way of eliminating unlikely explanations for human behavior. It is probably named after Robert J. Hanlon, who submitted the statement to Murphy's Law Book Two (1980). Similar statements have been recorded since at least the 18th century. Origin A similar quotation appears in Robert A. Heinlein's novella Logic of Empire (1941). The character ""Doc"" in Heinlein's story described the ""devil theory"" fallacy, explaining, ""You have attributed conditions to villainy that simply result from stupidity."" The quotation as such was a submission credited in print to Robert J. Hanlon of Scranton, Pennsylvania, for a compilation of various jokes related to Murphy's law that were published in Arthur Bloch's Murphy's Law Book Two: More Reasons Why Things Go Wrong! (1980). It is unknown whether Hanlon knew of Heinlein's story or whether he independently constructed the phrase.[citation needed] Hanlon's razor became well-known after its inclusion in the Jargon File, a glossary of computer programmer slang, since 1990. Later that same year, the Jargon File editors noted lack of knowledge about the term's derivation and the existence of a similar epigram by William James, though this was possibly intended as a reference to William James Laidlay. In 1996, the Jargon File entry on Hanlon's Razor noted the existence of the phrase in Heinlein's novella, with speculation that Hanlon's Razor might be a corruption of ""Heinlein's Razor"". The link to Murphy's law was described in a pair of 2001 blog entries by Quentin Stafford-Fraser, citing emails from Joseph E. Bigler. Subsequently, in 2002, the Jargon File entry noted the same. Current Jargon File refers to it as a ""Murphyism"". The name was inspired by Occam's razor.","Hanlon's razor became well-known after its inclusion in the Jargon File, a glossary of computer programmer slang, since 1990.",closed_qa Provide some of the examples of regional governments.,"Federalism is a combined and compound mode of government that combines a general government (the central or ""federal"" government) with regional governments (provincial, state, cantonal, territorial, or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system, dividing the powers between the two. Federalism in the modern era was first adopted in the unions of states during the Old Swiss Confederacy.Federalism differs from confederalism, in which the general level of government is subordinate to the regional level, and from devolution within a unitary state, in which the regional level of government is subordinate to the general level. It represents the central form in the pathway of regional integration or separation, bounded on the less integrated side by confederalism and on the more integrated side by devolution within a unitary state.","provincial, state, cantonal, territorial, or other sub-unit governments",information_extraction How to manage a high performance team?,,"Create a supportive environment Encourage innovation Acknowledge and learn from conflict Assign specific tasks Create incentives Foster independence",brainstorming "Given these paragraphs about battery storage power stations, what was the levelized cost of electricity from battery storage as of 2020?","As of 2021, the power and capacity of the largest individual battery storage power plants is an order of magnitude less than that of the largest pumped storage power plants, the most common form of grid energy storage. For example, the Bath County Pumped Storage Station, the second largest in the world, can store 24GWh of electricity and dispatch 3GW while the first phase of Vistra Energy's Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility can store 1.2GWh and dispatch 300MW. Grid batteries do not however have to be large, and smaller ones can be deployed widely across a grid for greater redundancy. As of 2019, battery power storage is cheaper than open cycle gas turbine power for use up to two hours, and there was around 365 GWh of battery storage deployed worldwide, growing extremely rapidly. Levelized cost of electricity from battery storage has fallen rapidly, halving in two years to US$150 per MWh as of 2020.",US$150 per MWh.,closed_qa How do you make an Old Fashioned Cocktail?,,"Making an Old Fashioned consists of five steps. The ingredients for an Old Fashioned cocktail include your choice of bourbon or rye, an orange, aromatic bitters, a sugar cube, a dash of soda water, Luxardo cherry and ice. First, grab your cocktail glass and add two dashes of aromatic bitters along with a spritz of soda water and the sugar cube. Second, add an ounce and a half of your choice of bourbon or rye. Third, add ice and stir for around 30 seconds. Fourth, peel an orange, express the oils over the glass and drop it in. Fifth, add the Luxardo cherry and enjoy.",brainstorming How do dolphins make noise?,,Dolphins use their blow hole on top of their head to make a variety of noises.,open_qa What Are Some Good Ideas for a YouTube Channel?,,"Personal Vlog, Education, Travelling, Comedy, Film/TV Reviews, Personal Finance",brainstorming What are three different club teams Cristiano Ronaldo has played for?,,"Cristiano Ronaldo has played for Manchester United, Real Madrid, and Juventus.",open_qa What is the difference between a bass guitar and a normal guitar?`,,"A bass guitar typically has four strings which are tuned to G, D, A and E in the standard tuning. A standard guitar, on the other hand, has six strings which are tuned to E, B, G, D, A and E in the standard tuning.",open_qa What is an Edgeworth box in Economics?,,"An Edgeworth box in Economics, is a graphical representation of a market with just two commodities, X and Y, and two consumers. The dimensions of the box are the total quantities Ωx and Ωy of the two goods.",open_qa What is the special aspect of Einstein's special theory of relativity?,"Until several years later when Einstein developed general relativity, which introduced a curved spacetime to incorporate gravity, the phrase ""special relativity"" was not used. A translation sometimes used is ""restricted relativity""; ""special"" really means ""special case"".[p 2][p 3][p 4][note 1] Some of the work of Albert Einstein in special relativity is built on the earlier work by Hendrik Lorentz and Henri Poincaré. The theory became essentially complete in 1907. The theory is ""special"" in that it only applies in the special case where the spacetime is ""flat"", that is, where the curvature of spacetime (a consequence of the energy–momentum tensor and representing gravity) is negligible.[note 2] In order to correctly accommodate gravity, Einstein formulated general relativity in 1915. Special relativity, contrary to some historical descriptions, does accommodate accelerations as well as accelerating frames of reference.","The ""special"" part of Einstein's special theory of relativity is a reference to it being a special case of his General Theory of Relativity. Special relativity only applies in the special case where the curvature of spacetime is negligible, i.e., spacetime is ""flat"". Special relativity was formulated in 1907, and in order to correctly accommodate gravity, Einstein formulated general relativity in 1915.",summarization "Given the reference text, where would I be able to find The Oath of Leo III?","The Oath of Leo III is a painting by the workshop of the Italian renaissance artist Raphael. The painting was part of Raphael's commission to decorate the rooms that are now known as the Stanze di Raffaello, in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican. It is located in the room that was named after The Fire in the Borgo, the Stanza dell'incendio del Borgo. In the fresco, Pope Leo III is seen during the trial on December 23 AD 800 during which he was brought face to face with the nephews of his predecessor Pope Hadrian I, who had accused him of misconduct. The assembled bishops declared that they could not judge the pope, after which Leo took an oath of purgation of his own free will.","The Oath of Leo III, painted by Raphael, can be found in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican.",closed_qa Where was his Catholic school?,"Waring was born John Roderick Rodriguez in Lewisham, London, into a respectable family of Portuguese ancestry, and attended a Catholic school in Southwark.",Southwark,information_extraction can you recommend fun activities to enjoy in Austin in summer?,,"Summer can be hot in Austin, with historical highest temperatures went above 100 Farheiths. Outdoor activities are challenging in the torching sun and steaming air. Luckily, Austin, as part of the Hill Country, has a lot of hiking trails with shades and mild elevation. Hiking in early morning is enjoyable if you are an early bird. You can still enjoy outdoors in summer with water. Kayaking, SUPs, tubing, canoeing, swimming, and boat tours are available at public parks or with hosting companies at Lake Travis. Alternatively, enjoy cool AC empowered indoor gyms and playground in July or August.",brainstorming Extract the names of the islands located on the Azores plateau from the text. Separate them with a comma.,"These islands can be divided into three recognizable groups located on the Azores Plateau: The Eastern Group (Grupo Oriental) of São Miguel, Santa Maria and Formigas Islets The Central Group (Grupo Central) of Terceira, Graciosa, São Jorge, Pico and Faial The Western Group (Grupo Ocidental) of Flores and Corvo.","São Miguel, Santa Maria, Formigas, Terceira, Graciosa, São Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores, Corvo",information_extraction Give me a list of golf clubs you should carry in your golf bag.,,"Here is a list of golf clubs you should have in your bag. - Driver - 3 wood - Hybrid - 4-9 iron - pitching wedge - sand wedge - lob wedge - putter",brainstorming Why breakfast is so important for the day,,Because you are breaking the fast after a long sleep. So you need to give something to your body.,brainstorming Give me a list of suggestions on how I can reduce cat allergens in my home.,,"- Vacuum your house every day - Use a MERV 11 (or higher) filter in your HVAC system and/or portable air purifier - Minimize the use of carpet so that dander and fur won't linger longer - Take an antihistamine every day - Use pet-safe hypoallergenic wipes on your cat every day - Brush your cat at least three times a week - Wash your bed sheets and pillowcases weekly - Don't let your cat sleep in your bedroom",brainstorming Where was Alexander The Great from?,"Alexander III of Macedon (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος, romanized: Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military campaign throughout Western Asia and Egypt. By the age of 30, he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is",Alexender the Great was king of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia.,closed_qa "What is ""diglossia""?",,Diglossia is when one community uses two different languages or dialects depending on the circumstances e.g. for written things and for casual conversation. A weird (not actual schoolbook) case of that is Swiss German. High German is used for written and formal things while Swiss German is used to speak.,open_qa What is the main benefit of the fianchetto in chess openings?,"In chess, the fianchetto (English: /ˌfiənˈkɛtoʊ/ or /ˌfiənˈtʃɛtoʊ/; Italian: [fjaŋˈketto] ""little flank"") is a pattern of development wherein a bishop is developed to the second rank of the adjacent b- or g-file, the knight pawn having been moved one or two squares forward. The fianchetto is a staple of many ""hypermodern"" openings, whose philosophy is to delay direct occupation of the centre with the plan of undermining and destroying the opponent's occupied centre. It also regularly occurs in Indian defences. The fianchetto is less common in Open Games (1.e4 e5), but the king bishop is sometimes fianchettoed by Black in the Ruy Lopez or by White in an uncommon variation of the Vienna Game. One of the major benefits of the fianchetto is that it often allows the fianchettoed bishop to become more active. A fianchettoed position, however, also presents some opportunities for the opponent: if the fianchettoed bishop can be exchanged, the squares the bishop was formerly protecting will become weak (see hole) and can form the basis of an attack (particularly if the fianchetto was performed on the kingside). Exchanging the fianchettoed bishop should not be done lightly, therefore, especially if the enemy bishop on same-coloured squares is still on the board.","The fianchetto follows the ""hypermodern"" opening philosophy. It lets a bishop become more active from the flanks, attacking the center of the board without directly occupying it.",summarization Give me an overview of the different types of SOC reports and what they are used for,"System and Organization Controls (SOC), (also sometimes referred to as service organizations controls) as defined by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), is the name of a suite of reports produced during an audit. It is intended for use by service organizations (organizations that provide information systems as a service to other organizations) to issue validated reports of internal controls over those information systems to the users of those services. The reports focus on controls grouped into five categories called Trust Service Principles. The AICPA auditing standard Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements no. 18 (SSAE 18), section 320, ""Reporting on an Examination of Controls at a Service Organization Relevant to User Entities' Internal Control Over Financial Reporting"", defines two levels of reporting, type 1 and type 2. Additional AICPA guidance materials specify three types of reporting: SOC 1, SOC 2, and SOC 3. Trust Service Principles SOC 2 reports focus on controls addressed by five semi-overlapping categories called Trust Service Principles which also support the CIA triad of information security: Security Firewalls Intrusion detection Multi-factor authentication Availability Performance monitoring Disaster recovery Incident handling Confidentiality Encryption Access controls Firewalls Processing Integrity Quality assurance Process monitoring Adherence to principle Privacy Access control Multi-factor authentication Encryption Reporting Levels There are two levels of SOC reports which are also specified by SSAE 18: Type I, which describes a service organization's systems and whether the design of specified controls meet the relevant trust principles. (Are the design and documentation likely to accomplish the goals defined in the report?) Type II, which also addresses the operational effectiveness of the specified controls over a period of time (usually 9 to 12 months). (Is the implementation appropriate?) Types There are three types of SOC reports. SOC 1 – Internal Control over Financial Reporting (ICFR) SOC 2 – Trust Services Criteria SOC 3 – Trust Services Criteria for General Use Report Additionally, there are specialized SOC reports for Cybersecurity and Supply Chain. SOC 1 and SOC 2 reports are intended for a limited audience – specifically, users with an adequate understanding of the system in question. SOC 3 reports contain less specific information and can be distributed to the general public.","The different types of SOC reports are SOC 1, SOC 2, and SOC 3. Each report is used for a third party organization to understand the controls of another organization. SOC 1 reports cover controls over financial reporting, SOC 2 reports cover the trust services criteria (security, availability, confidentiality, processing integrity, and privacy), and SOC 3 reports are general use SOC 2 reports.",summarization What is the difference between it's and its?,,"""It's"" is a contraction for ""it is"". Whereas ""its"" is the possessive pronoun for it",open_qa "I have wine tasting plans for the weekend , give me some tips so that I look like an expert",,"The most important part of Wine tasting is to enjoy it and have fun. There are five important steps to tasting wine which are described below. See the Color - Take a look at the color of the wine you are about to taste, it will give you a good indication on the age of the wine. Young white wines are clear and look like water, while older wines that have been aged in oak get a gold tint. Young red wines are vivid purplish red while older wines have brownish tones. Swirl the wine - Swirling the wine helps to expose the wine to more oxygen and release its aroma, this is called as aerating the wine. Watch how the wine runs down the glass. If the streaks of wine are thick and run relatively slow the wine has more sugar or alcohol. If the wine is thin and runs down the glass fast it has less alcohol. Smell the wine - After you swirl the wine take a sniff and it will smell much more vibrant. There are three types of aromas that wines have: primary are fruity or floral, secondary ones come from aging in the barrels and tertiary are aging signs. Sip the wine - Take a sip of the wine and spread it around your mouth to detect the different type of taste it provides. The tip of the tongue will give you the sweetness while the sides give you a good indication of sourness or acidity. Savor the wine- How does the wine feel after. Does it leave a bitterness or leathery feel on your tongue, it means the wine has more tannins.Does the wine feel light or dense , will give you a sense of whether it is light or medium bodied. After you have gone through the steps the most important thing is if you liked the wine. Take notes after each taste and you will eventually find out the type of wines you like.",creative_writing "Given a reference text about the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, when was OPEC founded and how do economists describe OPEC's power over oil markets?","The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC, /ˈoʊpɛk/ OH-pek) is an organization enabling the co-operation of leading oil-producing countries, in order to collectively influence the global market and maximise profit. Founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), it has, since 1965, been headquartered in Vienna, Austria, although Austria is not an OPEC member state. As of September 2018, the 13 member countries accounted for an estimated 44 percent of global oil production and 81.5 percent of the world's proven oil reserves, giving OPEC a major influence on global oil prices that were previously determined by the so-called ""Seven Sisters"" grouping of multinational oil companies. The formation of OPEC marked a turning point toward national sovereignty over natural resources, and OPEC decisions have come to play a prominent role in the global oil market and international relations. The effect can be particularly strong when wars or civil disorders lead to extended interruptions in supply. In the 1970s, restrictions in oil production led to a dramatic rise in oil prices and in the revenue and wealth of OPEC, with long-lasting and far-reaching consequences for the global economy. In the 1980s, OPEC began setting production targets for its member nations; generally, when the targets are reduced, oil prices increase. This has occurred most recently from the organization's 2008 and 2016 decisions to trim oversupply. Economists have characterized OPEC as a textbook example of a cartel that cooperates to reduce market competition, but one whose consultations are protected by the doctrine of state immunity under international law. In the 1960s and 1970s, OPEC successfully restructured the global oil production system so that decision-making authority and the vast majority of profits is in the hands of oil-producing countries. Since the 1980s, OPEC has had a limited impact on world oil supply and price stability, as there is frequent cheating by members on their commitments to one another, and as member commitments reflect what they would do even in the absence of OPEC. Current OPEC members are Algeria, Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. Meanwhile, Ecuador, Indonesia and Qatar are former OPEC members. A larger group called OPEC+ was formed in late 2016 to have more control on the global crude oil market.","The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was founded on September 14, 1960. Economists describe OPEC as a cartel that limits free market competition by setting production quotas for its members. The impact of OPEC's supply quotas are most acute during times of war or civil disorder when crude oil supplies are already restricted. Cheating by member nations dilutes the power of OPEC over oil supply and prices.",closed_qa What are some of the causes for the 1929 US stock market crash?,,"The 1920’s were a booming time for Americans as the stock market was surging due to speculative investing. Stock prices rose to records heights which drove the public to invest their liquid assets into securities. Billions of dollars were drawn from banks for broker’s loans to carry margin accounts. People were mortgaging their homes to pour money into stocks. In late 1929, the market eventually overheated and prices began to fall despite efforts by the banks to buy up large blocks of stock to stem the losses. Eventually, the panic was too much and the market crashed on Black Monday, October 24th when the market closed down 12.8 percent. The sharp decline in the 1929 stock market eventually led to the Great Depression of the 1930’s.",open_qa What kind of bacteria is Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum,,"Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped species of bacteria. Strains of this species were originally isolated from an anaerobic digester used to treat wastewater from a tofu farm. The species is thermophilic and can grow at a temperature of 49.5 °C. Strains of B. thermacidophilum have been experimentally used as probiotics. It was effective in reducing damage to the gut in a mouse model of E. coli infection. B. thermacidophilum has been divided into two subspecies: subsp. Porcinum and subsp. Thermacidophilum.",open_qa "Given a reference text about Shivaji, tell me when they were born, when they died, what their most notable accomplishment and what people called them post-death.","Shivaji I (Shivaji Bhonsle; Marathi pronunciation: c.19 February 1630 – 3 April 1680), also referred to as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan. Eventually, Shivaji carved out his own independent kingdom from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur which formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. In 1674, he was formally crowned the Chhatrapati of his realm at Raigad Fort. Over the course of his life, Shivaji engaged in both alliances and hostilities with the Mughal Empire, the Sultanate of Golkonda, Sultanate of Bijapur and the European colonial powers. Shivaji's military forces expanded the Maratha sphere of influence, capturing and building forts, and forming a Maratha navy. Shivaji established a competent and progressive civil rule with well-structured administrative organisations. He revived ancient Hindu political traditions, court conventions and promoted the usage of the Marathi and Sanskrit languages, replacing Persian in court and administration. Shivaji's legacy was to vary by observer and time, but nearly two centuries after his death, he began to take on increased importance with the emergence of the Indian independence movement, as many Indian nationalists elevated him as a proto-nationalist and hero of the Hindus.",Shivaji was born on 19th February 1630 and died on 3rd April 1680. Shivaji accomplished to out his own independent kingdom from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur which formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. He is called as proto-nationalist and hero of the Hindus.,closed_qa What are top 3 cities to move in the US with no state tax,,"Most popular cities where people have been recently moving to among the states that don't have any state tax in the US are: 1. Miami, FL 2. Seattle, WA 3. Austin, TX However, if you can tell me more in terms of what your professional interests and outdoor activities you like, I can tailor the response further",brainstorming "What is the oldest part of Boston to live in, based on the historic neighborhood?","Charlestown is the oldest neighborhood in Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States. Originally called Mishawum by the Massachusett tribe, it is located on a peninsula north of the Charles River, across from downtown Boston, and also adjoins the Mystic River and Boston Harbor waterways. Charlestown was laid out in 1629 by engineer Thomas Graves, one of its earliest settlers, during the reign of Charles I of England. It was originally a separate town and the first capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Charlestown became a city in 1848 and was annexed by Boston on January 5, 1874. With that, it also switched from Middlesex County, to which it had belonged since 1643, to Suffolk County. It has had a substantial Irish-American population since the migration of Irish people during the Great Irish Famine of the 1840s. Since the late 1980s, the neighborhood has changed dramatically because of its proximity to downtown and its colonial architecture. A mix of yuppie and upper-middle-class gentrification has influenced much of the area, as it has in many of Boston's neighborhoods, but Charlestown still maintains a strong Irish-American population. In the 21st century, Charlestown's diversity has expanded dramatically, along with growing rates of the very poor and very wealthy. Today Charlestown is a largely residential neighborhood, with much housing near the waterfront, overlooking the Boston skyline. Charlestown is home to many historic sites, hospitals and organizations, with access from the Orange Line Sullivan Square or Community College stops or the I-93 expressway.","Charlestown, Massachusetts",closed_qa "Based on the information below, when might people have started baking bread?","Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. While humans started gathering grains at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers only began planting them around 11,500 years ago. Sheep, goats, pigs and cattle were domesticated around 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. In the twentieth century, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monocultures came to dominate agricultural output.","There is not enough information in the passage to determine exactly when this would have happened, but because bread requires grain, it could not have been made prior to 105,000 years ago when humans first started gathering grain.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph, can you tell me why Santa Barbara is referred to as The American Riviera?","Santa Barbara is a coastal city in Santa Barbara County, California, of which it is also the county seat. Situated on a south-facing section of coastline, the longest such section on the West Coast of the United States, the city lies between the steeply rising Santa Ynez Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Santa Barbara's climate is often described as Mediterranean, and the city has been dubbed ""The American Riviera"".",Santa Barbara is referred to as The American Riviera because of it's temperate climate and south-facing orientation to the coastline.,closed_qa What is CAP theorem in computer science?,"In theoretical computer science, the CAP theorem, also named Brewer's theorem after computer scientist Eric Brewer, states that any distributed data store can provide only two of the following three guarantees: Consistency Every read receives the most recent write or an error. Availability Every request receives a (non-error) response, without the guarantee that it contains the most recent write. Partition tolerance The system continues to operate despite an arbitrary number of messages being dropped (or delayed) by the network between nodes. When a network partition failure happens, it must be decided whether to do one of the following: cancel the operation and thus decrease the availability but ensure consistency proceed with the operation and thus provide availability but risk inconsistency. Thus, if there is a network partition, one has to choose between consistency or availability. Note that consistency as defined in the CAP theorem is quite different from the consistency guaranteed in ACID database transactions. Eric Brewer argues that the often-used ""two out of three"" concept can be somewhat misleading because system designers need only to sacrifice consistency or availability in the presence of partitions, but that in many systems partitions are rare.","The CAP theorem, also named Brewer's theorem, states that distributed data stores can provide only two of three guarantees: consistency, availability, and partition tolerance. When a network partition fails, it must be decided whether to cancel the operation or proceed with the operation. Eric Brewer argues that the ""two out of three"" concept can be misleading.",summarization Why would an NHL team want to lose to be last in the standings?,,"While winning is ultimately the goal of professional sports teams, in many sports leagues, including the National Hockey League (NHL), teams that are worse get higher draft picks in the upcoming year's entry draft. Having a higher pick in the entry draft can be very valuable, since it is one of the best ways to get a very talented player on your team. For example, Sidney Crosby, and Connor McDavid, widely considered to be the best players in the NHL were both first overall picks in their drafts.",open_qa What is MACRO-economics?,,"Macroeconomics can be thought of as the “big picture” of economics. It focuses on aggregate production and consumption in an economy. Topics that macroeconomists might study include: Effects of general taxes such as income and sales taxes on output and prices Causes of economic upswings and downturns Effects of monetary and fiscal policy on economic health Effects of and process for determining interest rates Causes for some economies growing faster than others",open_qa What is the 2nd amendment of the US constitution? Is it misunderstood?,,"The 2nd amendment of the US constitution relates to the right to bear arms. The exact text, from the web, is ""A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed."" This is a contentious law given that guns are a tool of violence. And this amendment is touted by citizens of the US that want to buy and keep guns. For me, the interesting part, often overlooked, is the preamble that a well regulated militia is necessary for the security of a free State. This may have been relevant to all people in the 18th century. Today, we already have that ""militia"". All law officers and soldiers make up that militia. The armed forces are well regulated and are tasked with protecting the nation. We, the US, have the best military in the world. So it is not necessary for any Tom, Dick, or Harry, without training or national perspective, to take up arms. Especially when the process itself is getting more unregulated. Gun control is necessary and not precluded by the 2nd amendment. Safety of all citizens is indeed mandated by the constitution.",creative_writing How do I get better at shooting a basketball?,,"Here are a few things you can try to get better at shooting a basketball: - Practice the fundamentals by repeatedly bringing the ball to your set point without shooting. - Shoot from < 5 feet away from the basket until you can reliably make the shot. - Practice your free throws. - Try shooting off the dribble. - Get comfortable shooting threes.",brainstorming Give me a list of funny American sitcoms that had their first season in the 2000s,,"Some funny American sitcoms from the 2000s are The Office, Parks and Rec, Community and Arrested Development",brainstorming "Given this paragraph about stainless steel, which of the two series contains the most nickel content?","There are two subgroups of austenitic stainless steel. 300 series stainless steels achieve their austenitic structure primarily by a nickel addition while 200 series stainless steels substitute manganese and nitrogen for nickel, though there is still a small nickel content.",The 300 series contains the most nickel content.,closed_qa "Other than Tanki, how many other known Amerindian settlements are on Aruba?","Tanki is Papiamento for ""pond"", and Leendert is a common surname. An Amerindian village has been discovered near the town measuring 450 by 400 metres. It is one of the four known Amerindian settlements on Aruba. European pottery, pipes and bottles from the 18th century have also been discovered on the same site, suggesting a later resettlement.",Three (3). 4 - 1 = 3,closed_qa Give a list of proper nouns in the passage.,"Kendall Boiler and Tank Company Building is a one-story commercial edifice located on 275 Third Street in Kendall Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts. The brick building was formerly owned by the Kendall Boiler and Tank Company and is part of the Blake and Knowles Steam Pump Company National Register District, on the National Register of Historic Places.","Kendall Boiler and Tank Company Building Third Street Kendall Square Cambridge Massachusetts Kendall Boiler and Tank Company Blake and Knowles Steam Pump Company National Register District National Register of Historic Places",summarization How was the Grammy Award named?,,"The Grammy was named after the Gramophone, which was used to play music before records, tape, discs, or digital.",open_qa Provide a brief summary of the reaction to the creation of LIV Golf,"Human rights groups have criticized LIV Golf as sportswashing, a political strategy by Saudi Arabia to cleanse its repressive global image through sport. Human Rights Watch, for example, called the Saudi endeavor ""an effort to distract from its serious human rights abuses by taking over events that celebrate human achievement"". Greg Norman has been accused of aiding the repressive Saudi government for his own financial gain. In 2021, Norman denied that he was being used for sportswashing and said he works for LIV because of his passion for the sport. Later, in May 2022, Norman defended the involvement of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman with Jamal Khashoggi's murder, saying, ""Look, we've all made mistakes, and you just want to learn from those mistakes and how you can correct them going forward."" His statement drew extensive criticism. Khashoggi's fiancée, Hatice Cengiz, said it was hurtful that ""Jamal's brutal killing is brushed off as a 'mistake' and that we should just move on"". On 22 June 2022, a group of nearly 2,500 survivors of family members killed or injured during the September 11 attacks wrote an open letter to golfers who have remained loyal to the PGA Tour thanking them for not defecting to LIV Golf. The letter read in part, ""Thank you for standing up for decency. Thank you for standing up for the 9/11 Families. Thank you for resisting the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's efforts to cleanse its reputation by buying off professional athletes...To those of you who have chosen what is right over blood money from a corrupt, destructive sports entity and its Saudi backers, please continue to stand strong."" On 17 July 2022, a group of September 11 victims' family members condemned former U.S. President Donald Trump for hosting the LIV Golf tour at his Trump National Golf Club in Bedminster, New Jersey; the group's letter to Trump noted that he himself had blamed Saudi Arabia for the 9/11 attack during a 2016 interview on Fox News. Tiger Woods, who turned down an offer of $700 million to $800 million to join LIV Golf, was asked in July 2022 about the golfers who had joined. ""I disagree with it. I think that what they've done is they've turned their back on what has allowed them to get to this position,"" Woods said at a press conference before the 2022 Open Championship. ""I know what the PGA Tour stands for and what we have done and what the tour has given us, the ability to chase after our careers and to earn what we get and the trophies we have been able to play for and the history that has been a part of this game.""","Overall, the reaction to the creation of the LIV Golf has been negative. For example, human rights groups have criticized LIV Golf as sportswashing, a group of 2500 survivors of family members killed during the September 11 attacks wrote a letter to golfers who stayed with the PGA Tour thanking them staying, and Tiger Woods said he thinks that the players who went to LIV Golf turned their back on what has allowed them to get to this position.",summarization Have any women won the Nobel Prize in Physics?,,"Four women have won the Nobel Prize in Physics: Marie Skłodowska-Curie (1903), Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1963), Donna Strickland (2018), and Andrea Ghez (2020).",brainstorming "From a financial perspective, tell me five things should be considered when retiring.",,"Here are five financially-related things to consider when retiring: - How much money will be spent annually while retired - The amount of money currently saved for retirement - Probable income from pension and/or social security - Probable number of years until death - Current state of the financial markets",brainstorming Who is Shigeru,,"Shigeru is a famous video game developer. He is from Japan and has designed popular iconic games such as Donkey Kong, Mario Kart, Legend of Zelda...etc.",open_qa "Which of the following words are considered a palindrome, a word that can be spelled the same forwards and backward: deified, kayak, chicken, taco, wow, peep, noon, abba, lizard, bob, penguin, margarita, square",,"deified, kayak, wow, peep, noon, abba, bob",classification "In the United States, what type of degree is typically earned before starting graduate school?",,A Bachelors degree is earned before commencing grad school,open_qa "According to this reference text about UVA, what years have UVA women won NCAA titles in rowing?","In the 21st century alone, UVA teams have won seventeen NCAA championships. The men's teams have won recent NCAA titles in basketball (2019); lacrosse (2003, 2006, 2011, 2019, and 2021); baseball (2015); soccer (2009 and 2014); and tennis (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2022). UVA women have won recent NCAA titles in rowing (2010 and 2012) and swimming & diving (2021 and 2022). The Cavaliers rank first in the ACC (a power conference) with 22 men's NCAA Championships, and rank second in the conference with nine women's NCAA Championships.",UVA women won NCAA titles in rowing in 2010 and 2012.,closed_qa "Given this paragraph, what key crops were not available in Europe before the colonization of the New World?","Food historian Lois Ellen Frank calls potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beans, squash, chili, cacao, and vanilla the ""magic eight"" ingredients that were found and used only in the Americas before 1492 and were taken via the Columbian Exchange back to the Old World, dramatically transforming the cuisine there. According to Frank, If we deconstruct that these foods were inherently native, then that means that the Italians didn't have the tomato, the Irish didn't have the potato, half the British National Dish—Fish and Chips—didn't exist. The Russians didn't have the potato, nor did they have vodka from the potato. There were no chiles in any Asian cuisine anywhere in the world, nor were there any chiles in any East Indian cuisine dishes, including curries. And the French had no confection using either vanilla or chocolate. So the Old World was a completely different place.","Potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beans, squash, chili, cacao, and vanilla were not available in the Old World prior to the European discovery of the Americas",closed_qa Who wrote Howl's Moving Castle?,"Howl's Moving Castle is a fantasy novel by British author Diana Wynne Jones, first published in 1986 by Greenwillow Books of New York. It was a runner-up for the annual Boston Globe–Horn Book Award, and won the Phoenix Award twenty years later. It was adapted into a critically acclaimed 2004 animated film of the same name, which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.",Howl's Moving Castle is a fantasy novel by British author Diana Wynne Jones.,closed_qa Which award did Rustam win and in what year was it awarded?,Rustam Gasparyan was an Armenian military officer and politician. In 2020 he was posthumously awarded the Hero of Artsakh military award.,"The Hero of Artsakh military award, in 2020",information_extraction What is an aurora?,,"An aurora, also commonly known as the polar lights, is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic). Auroras display dynamic patterns of brilliant lights that appear as curtains, rays, spirals, or dynamic flickers covering the entire sky. Auroras are the result of disturbances in the magnetosphere caused by the solar wind. Major disturbances result from enhancements in the speed of the solar wind from coronal holes and coronal mass ejections. These disturbances alter the trajectories of charged particles in the magnetospheric plasma. These particles, mainly electrons and protons, precipitate into the upper atmosphere (thermosphere/exosphere). The resulting ionisation and excitation of atmospheric constituents emit light of varying colour and complexity. The form of the aurora, occurring within bands around both polar regions, is also dependent on the amount of acceleration imparted to the precipitating particles.",open_qa To which species does Allium desertorum belong,,"Allium desertorum is a species of onion found in Israel, Jordan, Palestine, and Egypt (including Sinai). It is a small bulb-forming perennial; flowers are white with purple midveins along the tepals.",open_qa Give me some strategies for charity fundraising,,"Ask for donations or clothes, toys and other bric-a-brac and have a car boot sale. Organise fun nights in - or out - such as karaoke, talent contests and a fancy dress day. Run a raffle - ask friends and family to donate prizes. Organise a charity car wash at work, or at home.",brainstorming How long has the Masters golf tournament been held?,,The first Masters golf tournament was played in 1934.,open_qa How do you make the color green out of other colors?,,You can make green by mixing blue and yellow together,open_qa "given this reference text about 1891 Cypriot legislative election, What caused the non-Muslim seats to drop in 1886 to 10,030?","The Legislative Council consisted of six official members appointed by the High Commissioner and twelve elected members, three of which were Muslims and nine of which were non-Muslims. The island was divided into three constituencies, each formed of two districts. Each constituency elected one Muslim and three non-Muslims. Muslim voters had one vote, whilst non-Muslims could vote for up to three candidates. Due to the high levels of illiteracy, voting was not secret, with voters required to tell the polling officers their candidates of choice, often in front of agents of the candidates. Suffrage was limited to men aged over 21 who had been permanent residents during the five years prior to the elections, and who had paid either the verghi tax (which was levied as an annual payment of one four-thousandth of a property's value, 4% of rental income or 3% on profits or salaries) or rent for a dwelling or shop within the last year. However, of the estimated 40,000 taxpayers in the territory at the time of the elections, only those that had been able to pay their taxes on time were able to register to vote. The number of registered voters for the non-Muslim seats dropped from 15,408 in 1886 to 10,030.","Due to the requirement of paying your taxes on time in the previous year to be able to register to vote, the number of voters that were non-Muslim dropped.",closed_qa Which company produces Hibiki Whisky?,"Hibiki (Japanese: 響) (meaning ""resonance"" or ""echo"") is a premium blended whisky produced in Japan by Beam Suntory (a subsidiary of Suntory Beverage & Food Ltd, which itself is a subsidiary of Suntory Holdings of Osaka, Japan). It has won several awards.","Hibiki Whisky is a premium blended whisky produced in Japan by Beam Suntory, a subsidiary of Suntory Beverage & Food Ltd / Suntory Holdings of Osaka, Japan.",closed_qa Extract the gold medals championships and the year won by Ebikewenimo Welson from the text. List them using bullets in the format {Champioship} - {Year} in a comma separated list.,"Ebikewenimo Welson is a Nigerian freestyle wrestler. He is a four-time medalist at the Commonwealth Games and a two-time medalist at the African Games. He won four medals at the Commonwealth Games: in 2010, he won the silver medal in the men's 55 kg event and he repeated this in 2014 with the silver medal in the men's 57 kg event. In 2018, he won one of the bronze medals in the men's 57 kg event. He won the silver medal in the men's 57 kg event at the 2022 Commonwealth Games. He represented Nigeria at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco and he won the silver medal in the men's 57 kg event. He won the gold medal in the men's 57 kg event at the 2014 African Wrestling Championships and the silver medal in that event at the 2016 African Wrestling Championships. At the 2018 African Wrestling Championships held in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, he also won the silver medal in the men's 57 kg event. He was unable to compete at the 2019 African Wrestling Championships due to injury. In 2021, he won a gold medal at the Baraza Champion of Champions wrestling tournament held in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A few months later, he competed at the 2021 African & Oceania Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament hoping to qualify for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. He won the silver medal in his event at the 2022 African Wrestling Championships held in El Jadida, Morocco. He won the silver medal in the men's 57 kg event at the 2022 Commonwealth Games held in Birmingham, England.","African Wrestling Championships - 2014, Baraza Champion of Champions - 2021",information_extraction Why is it called the Hawaiian pizza?,"The addition of pineapple to the traditional mix of tomato sauce and cheese, along with either ham or bacon, later became popular locally and eventually became a staple offering of pizzerias on a global scale. The name of this creation is, in fact, actually not directly inspired by the U.S. state of Hawaii at all; Panopoulos chose the name Hawaiian after the brand of canned pineapple they were using at the time.",The name comes from the canned pineapple brand,information_extraction Tell me what I need to know about the Dunning Kruger effect.,"The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias whereby people with low ability, expertise, or experience regarding a certain type of task or area of knowledge tend to overestimate their ability or knowledge. Some researchers also include the opposite effect for high performers: their tendency to underestimate their skills. In popular culture, the Dunning–Kruger effect is often misunderstood as a claim about general overconfidence of people with low intelligence instead of specific overconfidence of people unskilled at a particular task. The Dunning–Kruger effect is usually measured by comparing self-assessment with a measure of objective performance. For example, the participants in a study may be asked to complete a quiz and then estimate how well they performed. This subjective assessment is then compared with how well they actually performed. This can happen in either relative or absolute terms, i.e., in comparison with one's peer group as the percentage of peers outperformed or in comparison with objective standards as the number of questions answered correctly. The Dunning–Kruger effect appears in both cases, but is more pronounced in relative terms; the bottom quartile of performers tend to see themselves as being part of the top two quartiles. The initial study was published by David Dunning and Justin Kruger in 1999. It focused on logical reasoning, grammar, and social skills. Since then various other studies have been conducted across a wide range of tasks, including skills from fields such as business, politics, medicine, driving, aviation, spatial memory, examinations in school, and literacy. Many models have been suggested to explain the Dunning-Kruger effect's underlying causes. The original model by Dunning and Kruger holds that a lack of metacognitive abilities is responsible. This interpretation is based on the idea that poor performers have not yet acquired the ability to distinguish between good and bad performances. They tend to overrate themselves because they do not see the qualitative difference between their performances and the performances of others. This has also been termed the ""dual-burden account"" since the lack of skill is paired with the ignorance of this deficiency. Some researchers include the metacognitive component as part of the definition of the Dunning–Kruger effect and not just as an explanation distinct from it. Various researchers have criticized the metacognitive model and proposed alternative explanations. According to the statistical model, a statistical effect known as regression toward the mean together with the cognitive bias known as the better-than-average effect are responsible for the empirical findings. The rational model holds that overly positive prior beliefs about one's skills are the source of false self-assessment. Another explanation claims that self-assessment is more difficult and error-prone for low performers because many of them have very similar skill levels. Another model sees lack of incentive to give accurate self-assessments as the source of error. The Dunning–Kruger effect has been described as relevant for various practical matters, but disagreements exist about the magnitude of its influence. Inaccurate self-assessment can lead people to make bad decisions, such as choosing a career for which they are unfit or engaging in dangerous behavior. It may also inhibit the affected from addressing their shortcomings to improve themselves. In some cases, the associated overconfidence may have positive side effects, like increasing motivation and energy.","The Dunning-Kruger effect refers to the tendency for people to over-estimate their ability to perform a particular task, particular if they are low-skilled at that task. Related research suggests that the converse is also true; high-skills performers tend to underestimate their ability. The effect was validated through a number of studies covering a range of skills, though the cause of the effect is still a matter of debate. Similarly, the practical implications of the effect is debatable, as over-confidence stemming from an inaccurate self-assessments can have positive and negative impacts.",summarization Which is a species of fish? Hoki or Loki,,Hoki,classification What are some ways that I can conserve water at home?,,"Some ways you can conserve water at home include limiting or eliminating taking baths, installing high pressure shower heads in your shower, and reducing toilet flushing. Some more creative ways include reusing water you use to rinse your vegetables to water houseplants and replacing your lawn with drought-tolerant plants.",brainstorming What is the difference between a guitar and a ukulele?,,"While a ukulele might be thought of as a small guitar, there are actually numerous differences between the two instruments: 1. A ukulele has 4 strings while a guitar has 6 strings or sometimes 12 2. A ukulele's 4 strings are tuned differently from any consecutive series of a guitar's 4 strings",open_qa "Based on this reference text about bull sharks, why can bull sharks live in both salt and fresh water?","The bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas), also known as the Zambezi shark (informally zambi) in Africa and Lake Nicaragua shark in Nicaragua, is a species of requiem shark commonly found worldwide in warm, shallow waters along coasts and in rivers. It is known for its aggressive nature, and presence mainly in warm, shallow brackish and freshwater systems including estuaries and (usually) lower reaches of rivers. Bull sharks are euryhaline and can thrive in both salt and fresh water. They are known to travel far up rivers, and have been known to travel up the Mississippi River as far as Alton, Illinois, about 1,100 kilometres (700 mi) from the ocean, but few freshwater interactions with humans have been recorded. Larger-sized bull sharks are probably responsible for the majority of nearshore shark attacks, including many incidents of shark bites attributed to other species. Unlike the river sharks of the genus Glyphis, bull sharks are not true freshwater sharks, despite their ability to survive in freshwater habitats.",Bull sharks can live in both salt and fresh water because they are euryhaline.,closed_qa "Fissures, vents, and plugs are all associated with which geological feature?",,Volcanos.,open_qa Write an email to the city of Berkeley requesting a refund for basketball camp because it was boring.,,"To Whom It May Concern, We signed our son up for basketball camp over the break assuming that it would be similar to the quality of the other city programs, including the basketball programs. However, our son did not want to return to camp because it felt more like military training than the program you described on the parks and recreation web page. On your site, you describe it as a fun opportunity for children to make friends and improve their basketball skills. The coach, however, told the children that they were not allowed to speak to each other all day, which made it impossible to either have fun to make friends. As a result, we have removed our son from the camp and are requesting a refund. Sincerely, [insert name]",creative_writing What caused Covid 19?,,"The novel virus was first identified in an outbreak in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019. Attempts to contain it there failed, allowing the virus to spread to other areas of Asia and later worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020, and a pandemic on 11 March 2020. As of 10 March 2023, the pandemic had caused more than 676 million cases and 6.88 million confirmed deaths, making it one of the deadliest in history.",open_qa "I'm preparing for a trip to Barbados. Which of these things would it be wise or unwise or dangerous to take: swimwear, fireworks, ski-jacket, sunscreen, hat, sunglasses and bike helmet.",,"You would be wise to take: sunscreen, hat, swimwear and sunglasses. You would be unwise to take: ski-jacket, bike helmet It would be dangerous to take: fireworks",classification "What links Willie Brant, Lech Walesa, Yasser Arafat",,Nobel Peace Prize,open_qa "Given the passage below, tell me how many Grammy Awards, Emmy Awards, and Billboard Music Awards Taylor Swift has won and how many simultaneous entries she had on the Billboard Global 200 when she had the most simultaneous entries for an artist.","Swift has won 12 Grammy Awards (including three for Album of the Year—tying for the most by an artist), an Emmy Award, 40 American Music Awards (the most won by an artist),29 Billboard Music Awards (the most won by a woman), 92 Guinness World Records, 14 MTV Video Music Awards (including three Video of the Year wins—the most by an act), 12 Country Music Association Awards (including the Pinnacle Award), eight Academy of Country Music Awards, and two Brit Awards. As a songwriter, she has been honored by the Nashville Songwriters Association, the Songwriters Hall of Fame, and the National Music Publishers' Association and was the youngest person on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time in 2015. At the 64th BMI Awards in 2016, Swift was the first woman to be honored with an award named after its recipient. In 2023, Swift became the first act to be named the global best-selling artist of the year by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) thrice. From available data, Swift has amassed over 50 million album sales, 150 million single sales, and 114 million units globally, including 78 billion streams. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) ranked her as the Global Recording Artist of the Year for a record three times (2014, 2019 and 2022). Swift has the most number-one albums in the United Kingdom and Ireland for a female artist this millennium and earned the highest income for an artist on Chinese digital music platforms—RMB 159,000,000. Swift is the most streamed female act on Spotify, and the only artist to have received more than 200 million streams in one day (228 million streams on October 21, 2022).The most entries and the most simultaneous entries for an artist on the Billboard Global 200, with 94 and 31 songs, respectively, are among her feats. Her Reputation Stadium Tour (2018) is the highest-grossing North American tour ever, and she was the world's highest-grossing female touring act of the 2010s. Beginning with Fearless, all of her studio albums opened with over a million global units.","Taylor Swift won 12 Grammy Awards, one Emmy Awards, 29 Billboard Music Awards, and had 31 songs on the Billboard Global 200 simultaneously, breaking the record for the most simultaneous entries for an artist on the Billboard Global 200.",closed_qa What causes Type 2 Diabetes?,,Type 2 diabetes primarily occurs as a result of obesity and lack of exercise. Some people are genetically more at risk than others.,open_qa What are some examples of popular sitcoms on television in the 1980s?,,"Popular sitcoms that were on television in the 1980s include Cheers, Family Ties, the Cosby Show, Diff'rent Strokes, and the Facts of Life.",open_qa What is orange wine?,,"Orange wine is a type of wine made from white wine grapes where the grape skins are not removed as it is the case for white wine. The skins stay in contact with the juice for days or even months, which gives the wine its color, flavour and texture.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Pandeiro, Kudlung",,"Pandeiro is percussion, Kudlung is string.",classification Explain pickball,"Pickleball is an indoor or outdoor racket/paddle sport where two players (singles), or four players (doubles), hit a perforated hollow plastic ball over a 36-inch-high (0.91 m) net using solid-faced paddles. Opponents on either side of the net hit the ball back and forth until one side commits a rule infraction. Pickleball was invented in 1965 as a children's backyard game on Bainbridge Island, Washington, US. In 2022, pickleball was adopted as the official state sport of Washington.",Pickleball can be played both inside or outside. It's played with two or four placers and players. Players hit a hallow ball over a 36 inch net. Players hit back and forth until one side hits the ball out of bounce or not over the net.,summarization What is the Tesla Model Y Charging Speed?,,"The Tesla Model Y's battery size is 82 kWh. This is larger than the average EV's battery size. The Model Y has a max AC charging speed of 11 kW and a max DC charging speed of 210 kW. 210 kW is much higher than most chargers can go in the UK, which means you'll be able to charge your EV as fast as possible at most charging points. If you're able to find an EV that can charge up to 210 kW, it will take 24 minutes to fully charge your EV from 0 - 100%, although you shouldn't charge your EV fully too regularly or let it get down to 0% as this can damage your battery life.",open_qa What is a debit card?,,"A debit card, also known as a check card or bank card is a payment card that can be used in place of cash to make purchases. The term plastic card includes the above and as an identity document. These are similar to a credit card, but unlike a credit card, the money for the purchase must be in the cardholder's bank account at the time of a purchase and is immediately transferred directly from that account to the merchant's account to pay for the purchase. Some debit cards carry a stored value with which a payment is made (prepaid card), but most relay a message to the cardholder's bank to withdraw funds from the cardholder's designated bank account. In some cases, the payment card number is assigned exclusively for use on the Internet and there is no physical card. This is referred to as a virtual card.",open_qa "What does ""16-bit"" mean when referring to digital audio?","A PCM signal is a sequence of digital audio samples containing the data providing the necessary information to reconstruct the original analog signal. Each sample represents the amplitude of the signal at a specific point in time, and the samples are uniformly spaced in time. The amplitude is the only information explicitly stored in the sample, and it is typically stored as either an integer or a floating point number, encoded as a binary number with a fixed number of digits: the sample's bit depth, also referred to as word length or word size. The resolution indicates the number of discrete values that can be represented over the range of analog values. The resolution of binary integers increases exponentially as the word length increases. Adding one bit doubles the resolution, adding two quadruples it and so on. The number of possible values that can be represented by an integer bit depth can be calculated by using 2^n, where n is the bit depth. Thus, a 16-bit system has a resolution of 65,536 (2^16) possible values.","Converting sound into a digital format requires taking samples of the original sound wave at regular points in time. These samples numerically represent the relative strength, or amplitude, of the analog wave as it varies over time. For digital audio, these numbers are recorded in binary notation. When digital audio is advertised as 16-bit, we mean that the numerical samples of the artist's recording were recorded as 16 digit-long binary numbers.",summarization Summarize The Innovator's Dilemma in a few sentence,"It describes how large incumbent companies lose market share by listening to their customers and providing what appears to be the highest-value products, but new companies that serve low-value customers with poorly developed technology can improve that technology incrementally until it is good enough","The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail, first published in 1997, is the best-known work of the Harvard professor and businessman Clayton Christensen. It expands on the concept of disruptive technologies, a term he coined in a 1995 article ""Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave"". It describes how large incumbent companies lose market share by listening to their customers and providing what appears to be the highest-value products, but new companies that serve low-value customers with poorly developed technology can improve that technology incrementally until it is good enough to quickly take market share from established business. Christensen recommends that large companies maintain small, nimble divisions that attempt to replicate this phenomenon internally to avoid being blindsided and overtaken by startup competitors.",summarization Using examples from the text give me a rundown of the causes of wet snow avalanches.,"In contrast to powder snow avalanches, wet snow avalanches are a low velocity suspension of snow and water, with the flow confined to the track surface (McClung, first edition 1999, page 108). The low speed of travel is due to the friction between the sliding surface of the track and the water saturated flow. Despite the low speed of travel (≈10–40 km/h), wet snow avalanches are capable of generating powerful destructive forces, due to the large mass and density. The body of the flow of a wet snow avalanche can plough through soft snow, and can scour boulders, earth, trees, and other vegetation; leaving exposed and often scored ground in the avalanche track. Wet snow avalanches can be initiated from either loose snow releases, or slab releases, and only occur in snowpacks that are water saturated and isothermally equilibrated to the melting point of water. The isothermal characteristic of wet snow avalanches has led to the secondary term of isothermal slides found in the literature (for example in Daffern, 1999, page 93). At temperate latitudes wet snow avalanches are frequently associated with climatic avalanche cycles at the end of the winter season, when there is significant daytime warming.","Wet snow avalanches can be initiated from either loose snow releases, or slab releases, and only occur in snowpacks that are water saturated and isothermally equilibrated to the melting point of water.",summarization Which movie do you like the most and why do you like it?,,"The movie that I like the most is Matrix. I like it from both cinematic and subject point of view. Cinematically, it was a great movie in its time. It had great special effects and computer graphics (CG) was used extensively in it. The creators even introduced new ideas in filming the scenes like using multiple cameras at different angles to create some of the mind-blowing action scenes. The cast also did a great job. I've watched some behind the scenes and noticed how much effort all of them had put to create the best and believable scenes. But the most interesting part of the Matrix movie for me is its subject. It is about a virtual world created and controlled by computers which simulates the life and creates the illusionary perception for the humans that they are really living, but in fact it is only their minds that are the habitants of this world and their real bodies are imprisoned in incubators and are being utilized at energy sources by the computers. I really like the idea and also how one can generalize it to the real world that we are living in. What if this world and the life on it is just a projection or a shadow of a higher form of life, like a two-dimensional shadow of a three-dimensional object in space.",creative_writing "Categorize where each of these household items belong: bed, couch, desk",,"A bed belongs in a bedroom, a couch belongs in a living area, a desk belongs in an office",classification "Given these two sets of instructions, will you end up at the same place if you started at the same point? First instructions: 1) Take 5 steps forward 2) Turn around 3) Take 3 steps forward. Second instructions: 1) Turn left 2) Turn left 3) Take 6 steps forward 4) Turn around 4) Take 4 steps forward.",,"No, you will not end up at the same place. The first set of instructions ends two steps in front of the starting point, since you go forward 5 steps then backwards 3 steps. The second set of instructions ends up two steps behind the starting point, since you turn left twice, which is the same as turning around, and then go forward 6 and backwards 4.",creative_writing What are some examples of tasks performed by AI?,"Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence of humans and other animals. Example tasks in which this is done include speech recognition, computer vision, translation between (natural) languages, as well as other mappings of inputs.","Examples of tasks performed by AI include speech recognition, computer vision, translation between (natural) languages, and other mappings of inputs.",closed_qa Who are the almohad,"The Almohad Caliphate (IPA: /ˈælməhæd/; Arabic: خِلَافَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِينَ or دَوْلَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِينَ or ٱلدَّوْلَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِيَّةُ from Arabic: ٱلْمُوَحِّدُونَ, romanized: al-Muwaḥḥidūn, lit. 'those who profess the unity of God': 246 ) was a North African Berber Muslim empire founded in the 12th century. At its height, it controlled much of the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) and North Africa (the Maghreb). The Almohad movement was founded by Ibn Tumart among the Berber Masmuda tribes, but the Almohad caliphate and its ruling dynasty were founded after his death by Abd al-Mu'min al-Gumi.",The Almohad was a north African berber muslims empire founded by Ibn Tumart and the berber tribes. They rulled in Morocco in the 12 Century. They controlled Al Andalus and North Africa. They were founded around 1120.,summarization "Given this paragraph, what is the recommended daily value of magnesium for women in the UK?","In the UK, the recommended daily values for magnesium are 300 mg for men and 270 mg for women. In the U.S. the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are 400 mg for men ages 19–30 and 420 mg for older; for women 310 mg for ages 19–30 and 320 mg for older.",The daily recommended value for magnesium is 270 mg for women in the UK.,closed_qa What color is the Rainbow?,,"The rainbow is the VIBGYOR that stands for Violet, Indigo, Blue, green, yellow, Orange and Red.",open_qa "Based on this paragraph, what was the main focus of Mohammad Shah I's reign over his sultanate?","When Mohammad inherited the newly born sultanate from his father Alauddin, the land was still infested with thieves and robbers. As such he spent the entire part of his reign in establishing law in his land. He ordered his governors to never give refuge to anyone who defied his authority. This campaign was successful and at the end of his reign,the land became peaceful and law abiding. He also sat on the takht-ē-firoza or The Turquoise throne which was gifted to him by Kapaya Nayaka.",Mohammad was mainly focused on establishing law and order within his territory during his reign in order to remove thieves and robbers.,closed_qa What are the main reasons for the price of a good increasing or decreasing in a capitalist society.,,"Prices of goods in a capitalist society are continuously set by the levels of supply and demand for goods. Reasons the price of a good may increase include the supply of the good decreasing, the demand for the good increasing, or both. Alternatively, a price of a good may decrease if the supply of the good increases or the demand for the good decreases.",open_qa Explain away goal rule in soccer.,,"Away goal rule was first introduced in 1965/66 season of the UEFA European Cups Winners’ Cup and abolished at the end of 2020/21 season. All of the UEFA club competitions’ knock-out stages (except the final) are played as a two-leg fixtures (team plays one game at home and one game away against the same team). The away goal rule was a tie breaker in case the winner of the fixture in the knock-out stage could not be determined after adding up scores from both games. In case there is a tie when you add up the scores of both games, the team that scored more away goals would advance to the next round of the competition. For example, if Team A lost the first game 2:1 playing away and won the second game with the score of 1:0 at home, the aggregate score of those two games is 2:2 (a tie), but since Team A scored 1 goal playing away and Team B scored 0 away goals, Team A would advance the next round.",open_qa What some ways you can cook a steak?,,"You can cook a steak a number of different ways, including pan-searing, baking, grilling, smoking, or sous vide. Not all methods are suitable for all cuts of meat, however. For example, leaner cuts will benefit from a hot pan sear, or sous vide, but may end up too dry if smoked. Fattier cuts may not fair as well on a grill, due to flare ups caused by the drippings.",brainstorming "Given this paragraph about the Northamptonshire County Cricket Club, can you list down some points that can be inferred about the County Championship?","Northamptonshire County Cricket Club is in Division Two of the County Championship; the team (also known as The Steelbacks) play their home games at the County Cricket Ground, Northampton. They finished as runners-up in the Championship on four occasions in the period before it split into two divisions. In 2013 the club won the Friends Life t20, beating Surrey in the final. Appearing in their third final in four years, the Steelbacks beat Durham by four wickets at Edgbaston in 2016 to lift the Natwest t20 Blast trophy for the second time. The club also won the NatWest Trophy on two occasions, and the Benson & Hedges Cup once.","Based on this paragraph, it seems like the Country Championship refers to some form of organized competition between cricket teams belonging to different counties. The Championship has been organized for at least four times given that the Northamptonshire County Cricket Club finished as runners-up in it for four times. It also seems like the Championship was split into two divisions at some point.",closed_qa What are some good body weight exercises for core and abs?,,"Good body weight exercises that strengthen the core and abs are crunches, bicycle crunches, side v-ups, sit ups, planks, dead bugs, and wheel pose.",brainstorming Did Tropics to the Snow win any awards?,"From the Tropics to the Snow is a 1964 Australian short documentary film. It was one of the best known Australian films of the 1960s. It was produced under the auspices of the Commonwealth Film Unit (CFU), later reincorporated as Film Australia. It was co-directed by Jack Lee and Richard (Dick) Mason, and featured Reg Livermore (in his first film role) as one of the 'narrators'. One of the regular duties of the CFU at this time was the production of short films that were purpose-made for overseas distribution and were intended to promote Australia as an attractive destination for migrants and tourists. From the Tropics to the Snow marked a significant break with the traditional style of such features, and is noted for its subversive and satirical approach to its subject. Rather than using the stilted, authoritative single-voice narration that was typical of such 'promotion documentaries' at the time, Mason and Lee opted for a strikingly reflexive approach, using a lively (and frequently tongue-in-cheek) multi-voice narration, which is introduced through the dramatic device of a production planning meeting between the film's Producer-in-Chief (Alexander Archdale), the director (Alastair Smart) and the screenwriter (Livermore). This allowed the film to become an ironic critique of itself, humorously examining the mechanics of ""documentary"" film construction, and the competing pressures and choices that faced filmmakers when creating such films. It also gently parodied Lee and Mason's own situation as ""young turks"" charged with turning out what were in essence ""production-line"" propaganda films for a hidebound government department. The film co-won the Australian Film Institute's Gold Medal for Best Film in 1965.","Yes, Tropics to the Snow was an Australian Film Institute's Gold Medal co-winner for Best Film in 1965.",information_extraction How do you cook beef short ribs?,,"I prefer to cook short ribs in the dutch oven.Short ribs have plenty of fat, so I remove the fat cap and season just with salt and pepper. 1. Brown all sides and move the short ribs to a cutting board. 2. Chop and add the holy trinity of onions, carrots and celery. 3. Add 1 tablespoon of mined garlic and 2 heaping tablespoons of tomato paste. 4. Add about 1 cup of red win and 1 cup of beef broth. 5. Bring to a simmer then put the dutch oven into a preheated oven at 400 degrees. 6. Cook this for about 2 hours until the short ribs are fall off the bone tender. Internal temp on the short ribs should read about 205. Serve the short ribs and vegetables with some home made mashed potatoes and you have an amazing dinner.",creative_writing Please describe what combat was like in World War I,"World War I was fought on many fronts around the world from the battlefields of Europe to the far-flung colonies in the Pacific and Africa. While it is most famous for the trench warfare stalemate that existed on Europe's Western Front, in other theatres of combat the fighting was mobile and often involved set-piece battles and cavalry charges. The Eastern Front often took thousands of casualties a day during the major offensive pushes, but it was the West that saw the most concentrated slaughter. It was in the west that the newly industrialized world powers could focus their end products on the military–industrial complex. The deadliest day of the war was during the opening days of the conflict. The Imperial German war council had initiated the Schlieffen Plan which involved multiple armies flooding through the borders of Belgium and France. On August 22, 1914, during the Battle of the Frontiers, five separate French armies engaged the German invaders independently of each other. Across all those battlefields, on that single day, 27,000 French soldiers lost their lives protecting their country.","World War 1 was fought in Europe, the Pacific, and Africa. It involved cavalry, trench warfare, and mechanized combat. While World War I is known primarily for trench warfare, it also involved mobile combat and the movement of tens of thousands of men, machines, and animals. There were numerous, bloody days and battles in World War I, but the most deadly took place during the opening days of the conflict, at the Battle of Frontiers, where 27,000 French soldiers were killed in a single day.",summarization What are some of the subjects that a school student might study.,,"Students are known to take classes in mathematics, science, art, sport, foreign languages, history and geography.",brainstorming What does a lawyer do?,,"A lawyer helps to interpret laws and rules for business, and individuals. If needed they will help their clients execute a lawsuit in court on their behalf by presenting facts verbally and written. If they are not going to court they can also help with legal issues and documentation, contracts, wills, and appeals. An example of a lawyer is a patent or divorce lawyer. Another name for a lawyer is an attorney.",open_qa "Can you tell me which of the following are days and which are months? Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, October, March, February.",,"Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday are days, while October, March and February are months.",classification What is Grimsthorpe?,"Grimsthorpe is a hamlet in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the A151 road, and 3 miles (5 km) north-west from Bourne. Grimsthorpe falls within the civil parish of Edenham, which is governed by Edenham Grimsthorpe Elsthorpe & Scottlethorpe Parish Council. Grimsthorpe Castle is 500 yards (460 m) to the west. John Marius Wilson's 1870 Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales described Grimsthorpe as: a hamlet in Edenham parish, Lincoln; on the river Glen, 1½ mile W of Edenham village. Pop., 135. Grimsthorpe Park was the seat once of the Duke of Ancaster, afterwards of Lord Gwyder; is now the seat of Lord Willoughby d'Eresby; was built partly in the time of Henry III., but principally by the Duke of Suffolk, to entertain Henry VIII.; is a large, irregular, but magnificent structure; and stands in an ornate park, about 16 miles in circuit. A Cistertian abbey, founded about 1451, by the Earl of Albemarle, and called Vallis Dei, or, vulgarly, Vaudy, formerly stood in the park, about a mile from the castle.","Grimsthorpe is a hamlet in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the A151 road, and 3 miles (5 km) north-west from Bourne. Grimsthorpe falls within the civil parish of Edenham, which is governed by Edenham Grimsthorpe Elsthorpe & Scottlethorpe Parish Council. Grimsthorpe Castle is 500 yards (460 m) to the west. John Marius Wilson's 1870 Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales described Grimsthorpe as: a hamlet in Edenham parish, Lincoln; on the river Glen, 1½ mile W of Edenham village. Pop., 135. Grimsthorpe Park was the seat once of the Duke of Ancaster, afterwards of Lord Gwyder; is now the seat of Lord Willoughby d'Eresby; was built partly in the time of Henry III., but principally by the Duke of Suffolk, to entertain Henry VIII.; is a large, irregular, but magnificent structure; and stands in an ornate park, about 16 miles in circuit. A Cistertian abbey, founded about 1451, by the Earl of Albemarle, and called Vallis Dei, or, vulgarly, Vaudy, formerly stood in the park, about a mile from the castle.",summarization What are some interesting facts about tigers?,,"1. Tiger stripes are unique. 2. Tigers can use their ears to communicate. 3. India has over half the world's population of tigers. 4. Only one in ten hunts are successful.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about Mass–energy equivalence, tell me what each part of the equation E=mc² stands for.","The formula defines the energy E of a particle in its rest frame as the product of mass (m) with the speed of light squared (c2). Because the speed of light is a large number in everyday units (approximately 300000 km/s or 186000 mi/s), the formula implies that a small amount of ""rest mass"", measured when the system is at rest, corresponds to an enormous amount of energy, which is independent of the composition of the matter.","E is for energy, m is for mass, and c² is for the speed of light squared",closed_qa What is the best BBQ restaurant in Raleigh?,,Raleigh has a lot of great barbecue restaurants. For traditional NC-style BBQ try Clyde Coopers located downtown. If you like Texas-style BBQ Prime BBQ in Knightdale has great brisket and beef ribs.,brainstorming Tell me about the football career of Adao,"Carlos Manuel Pereira Pinto (born 3 April 1960), commonly known as Adão, is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a central midfielder. Club career Born in Chaves, Vila Real District, Adão started his career with hometown club G.D. Chaves, moving to the Primeira Liga in 1980 with Varzim SC. He appeared in only eight games in his first season, which ended in relegation, but helped with 27 and three goals to an immediate promotion. In summer 1985, Adão joined Vitória de Guimarães. In his second year he played 30 matches as starter and scored twice – including once in 1–0 away win over S.C. Braga in the Minho derby – as his team finished in third position. Adão signed with C.F. Os Belenenses for 1988–89. On 12 October 1988, in that campaign's UEFA Cup, he scored the game's only goal at home against Bayer 04 Leverkusen, as the Lisbon side ousted the title holders 2–0 on aggregate. Later in the season he also appeared in the final of the Portuguese Cup, won after beating S.L. Benfica. Aged 30, Adão moved to F.C. Penafiel, spending his last three years (of five overall) in the second division. Over the course of 11 seasons, he amassed top-tier totals of 279 games and 16 goals.","Carlos Manuel Pereira Pinto (born 3 April 1960), commonly known as Adao, is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a central midfielder. Born in Chaves, Vila Real District, Adao started his career with hometown club G.D. Chaves, moving to the Primeira Liga in 1980 with Varzim SC. He appeared in only eight games in his first season, which ended in relegation, but helped with 27 and three goals to an immediate promotion. In summer 1985, Adao joined Vitoria de Guimaraes. In his second year he played 30 matches as starter and scored twice – including once in 1–0 away win over S.C. Braga in the Minho derby – as his team finished in third position. Adao signed with C.F. Os Belenenses for 1988–89. On 12 October 1988, in that campaign's UEFA Cup, he scored the game's only goal at home against Bayer 04 Leverkusen, as the Lisbon side ousted the title holders 2–0 on aggregate. Later in the season he also appeared in the final of the Portuguese Cup, won after beating S.L. Benfica. Aged 30, Adao moved to F.C. Penafiel, spending his last three years (of five overall) in the second division. Over the course of 11 seasons, he amassed top-tier totals of 279 games and 16 goals.",summarization "From the passage provided, extract the average size of a female great white shark.","The great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), also known as the white shark, white pointer, or simply great white, is a species of large mackerel shark which can be found in the coastal surface waters of all the major oceans. It is notable for its size, with the largest preserved female specimen measuring 5.83 m (19.1 ft) in length and around 2,000 kg (4,410 lb) in weight at maturity. However, most are smaller; males measure 3.4 to 4.0 m (11 to 13 ft), and females measure 4.6 to 4.9 m (15 to 16 ft) on average. According to a 2014 study, the lifespan of great white sharks is estimated to be as long as 70 years or more, well above previous estimates, making it one of the longest lived cartilaginous fishes currently known. According to the same study, male great white sharks take 26 years to reach sexual maturity, while the females take 33 years to be ready to produce offspring. Great white sharks can swim at speeds of 25 km/h (16 mph) for short bursts and to depths of 1,200 m (3,900 ft).",The average female great white shark measures 4.6 to 4.9 m or 15 to 16 ft.,information_extraction How does a pine cone work?,"The female cone has two types of scale: the bract scales, and the seed scales (or ovuliferous scales), one subtended by each bract scale, derived from a highly modified branchlet. On the upper-side base of each seed scale are two ovules that develop into seeds after fertilization by pollen grains. The bract scales develop first, and are conspicuous at the time of pollination; the seed scales develop later to enclose and protect the seeds, with the bract scales often not growing further. The scales open temporarily to receive pollen, then close during fertilization and maturation, and then re-open again at maturity to allow the seed to escape. Maturation takes 6–8 months from pollination in most Pinaceae genera, but 12 months in cedars and 18–24 months (rarely more) in most pines. The cones open either by the seed scales flexing back when they dry out, or (in firs, cedars and golden larch) by the cones disintegrating with the seed scales falling off. The cones are conic, cylindrical or ovoid (egg-shaped), and small to very large, from 2–60 cm long and 1–20 cm broad. After ripening, the opening of non-serotinous pine cones is associated with their moisture content—cones are open when dry and closed when wet. This assures that the small, windborne seeds will be dispersed during relatively dry weather, and thus, the distance traveled from the parent tree will be enhanced. A pine cone will go through many cycles of opening and closing during its life span, even after seed dispersal is complete. This process occurs with older cones while attached to branches and even after the older cones have fallen to the forest floor. The condition of fallen pine cones is a crude indication of the forest floor's moisture content, which is an important indication of wildfire risk. Closed cones indicate damp conditions while open cones indicate the forest floor is dry.","A pine cone consists of scales which protect seeds. The scales can open and close depending on conditions. The scales will open temporarily to receive pollen, then close again until the seeds mature. Once mature, the scales will open and close depending on their moisture content. Once the seeds are mature, the scales can open again to allow seeds to escape. When dry, the cones open allowing the small windborne seeds to disperse as widely as possible. This cycle of opening and closing continues until the seeds are dispersed.",summarization What is the difference between a kidnapping and a vacation?,,"A kidnapping is when someone is abducted against their will, whereas a vacation is when someone takes time away from their work or school, typically choosing to travel somewhere for pleasure.",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the names and published work of the early economists. Identify the name and then the published work separated with a dash. Separate the name and published works pairs with a semi-colon.","At the dawn as a social science, economics was defined and discussed at length as the study of production, distribution, and consumption of wealth by Jean-Baptiste Say in his Treatise on Political Economy or, The Production, Distribution, and Consumption of Wealth (1803). These three items are considered by the science only in relation to the increase or diminution of wealth, and not in reference to their processes of execution. Say's definition has prevailed up to our time, saved by substituting the word ""wealth"" for ""goods and services"" meaning that wealth may include non-material objects as well. One hundred and thirty years later, Lionel Robbins noticed that this definition no longer sufficed, because many economists were making theoretical and philosophical inroads in other areas of human activity. In his Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science, he proposed a definition of economics as a study of a particular aspect of human behaviour, the one that falls under the influence of scarcity, which forces people to choose, allocate scarce resources to competing ends, and economize (seeking the greatest welfare while avoiding the wasting of scarce resources). For Robbins, the insufficiency was solved, and his definition allows us to proclaim, with an easy conscience, education economics, safety and security economics, health economics, war economics, and of course, production, distribution and consumption economics as valid subjects of the economic science."" Citing Robbins: ""Economics is the science which studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses"". After discussing it for decades, Robbins' definition became widely accepted by mainstream economists, and it has opened way into current textbooks. Although far from unanimous, most mainstream economists would accept some version of Robbins' definition, even though many have raised serious objections to the scope and method of economics, emanating from that definition. Due to the lack of strong consensus, and that production, distribution and consumption of goods and services is the prime area of study of economics, the old definition still stands in many quarters.","Jean-Baptiste Say - Treatise on Political Economy or, The Production, Distribution, and Consumption of Wealth; Lionel Robbins - Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science",information_extraction Who is William Crump?,"William Crump or Crompe (born by 1479 – 1516 or later), of Canterbury, Kent, was an English politician.","Crump was a common councilman of Canterbury by 1500, chamberlain in 1503–1505, an alderman by 1505 and Mayor of Canterbury for 1505–06 and 1509–10. He was elected a Member of Parliament for Canterbury, Kent in 1510.",information_extraction Suggest some brass instruments I can learn if I want to play in an orchestra?,,"French Horn, Trombone, Trumpet and Tuba are common brass instruments in orchestras.",brainstorming Which ingredients does a margarita pizza consist of?,,"A pizza margarita is made with pizza dough, tomato sauce, mozzarella, and basil. Some recipes drizzle the pizza with oil or add spices such as salt and pepper after baking. The pizza dough typically consists of yeast, flour, salt, olive oil, and water. Margarita pizza is vegetarian, but substituting the mozzarella cheese with nuts could make it a vegan dish.",open_qa What are the ingredients of a classic Greek salad?,,"A classic greek salad consists of hearty vegetables, cheese, and a dressing. Namely, tomatoes, red onion, cucumber, kalamata olives, sheep feta cheese, and a dressing of red wine vinegar, olive oil, oregano, salt, and pepper.",brainstorming Do dogs reciprocate based on how you treat them?,,"Yes, dogs are wonderful pets and they make the best human companion. They also understand how to reciprocate based on how you treat them. You constantly scold and be harsh at them and they tend to avoid your company. You constantly love them and they want to be in your company. This is true about dogs even tif he person who was harsh carries their favourite treat. At the end everyone wants to be loved and a dog is no different.",creative_writing "Which of the following vehicles are cars and which are trucks: Toyota Tacoma, Toyota Prius, Ford F-150, Honda Civic, Nissan Frontier, Hyundai Accent, Chevrolet Corvette, Mazda Miata",,"The Toyota Tacoma, Ford F-150 and Nissan Frontier are all trucks. The Toyota Prius, Honda Civic, Hyundai Accent, Chevrolet Corvette and Mazda Miata are all cars.",classification What is a sandworm?,,A sandworm is a creature described by Frank Herbert in his science-fiction book Dune. Sandworms are huge and aggressive and live in the sand seas of planet Arrakis.,open_qa How much did the United States pay for Alaska when it bought the land from Russia?,,$7.2 million.,open_qa What number octane gas should be used for combustion engines in vehicles?,,"Manufacturers list the minimal octane to be used on specific vehicles in the owners manual. Always check the manual to be sure the proper fuel is being used. An octane number such as 87, 91, 93 indicates the amount of heat tolerance of the fuel before igniting inside the engine cylinder. The higher the octane number, the higher heat tolerance. If you use the wrong octane in a vehicle, such as using 87, rather than 93 for a high performing turbo or supercharged vehicle, the engine could produce knock or pre-detonation. Knock occurs when the timing of of the air and fuel mixture in the cylinder explodes too early and can cause serious damage to the engine components. Knock is also something you can hear and feel and can be noticed by the driver. Having the detonation of the air and fuel, produced by the spark plug that is intended from the factory is optimal for the longevity of the vehicle.",open_qa "Write a press release declaring the availability of IronChef, a cooking robot that can create various dishes in 5 cuisines. Be sure to mention some of its advanced technological features.",,"IronChef, a new cooking robot designed for automated food preparation, is now available for pre-order! With its advanced technological features, it will be great way to shorten the time spent preparing meals for the family. Here are some of its key features: 1. Robot arms that can pick up, rinse, chop, cook, and plate various dishes 2. Current cuisines supported: traditional European, Chinese, Thai, Korean, and Japanese with other cuisine types planned for later release 3. Currently can boil, steam, microwave, bake, air-fry and stir-fry, with other cooking methods planned for later release 4. Detect any food spoilage and take appropriate action 5. Substitute ingredients when the ingredients contained in the recipe are not available 6. Allow users to customize recipes 7. Inform owner when ingredients run low 8. Software and hardware are upgradable 9. Optimized parallel dish cooking, meaning not all dishes will be cooked sequentially, and if there is no overlap, it can cook multiple dishes at the same time. IronChef will providing many families that have neither the time or the energy to prepare meals, as well as families that have a repertoire of favorite meals that needs to be prepared regularly. This will allow more quality family time while enjoying consistent, safe and delicious meals at home.",creative_writing What are examples of endocrine disruptors?,,"BPA (bisphenol-A), phthalates, parabens and xenoestrogens are some examples of EDC's (endocrine disrupting chemicals).",open_qa Give me ideas how I could become more productive.,,"Here are a few things you can try to become more productive: 1. Limit multitasking: While it may feel more productive, you can easily get distracted and spend more time on those tasks overall. Instead, try to complete one task to a higher standard in less time. 2. Set small goals: Large tasks can feel overwhelming which can in turn lead to procrastination. Try to break them down into smaller, manageable chunks and complete them one by one. 3. Take a break: It is scientifically proven that brain productivity increases after having a short break. Consider scheduling frequent short breaks of 10-15 minutes. Make sure you step away from your work environment. This will help your mind to have a rest and come up with new ideas after the break. 4. Complete the hardest task first: The most complex or hardest task can be intimidating to start with and we tend to avoid them therefore. Try to start with one of these tasks. It can energize and motivate you throughout the day, helping you accomplish a lot of smaller tasks. 5. Delegate: If you are part of a team, consider collaborating with team members more closely. Delegation is not about offloading work. Instead, it is about better task allocation ensuring each team member works on a task that is best suited to their skills and availability.",brainstorming When was Heineken founded?,,Heineken was founded on February 15th 1864 in Amsterdam. Heineken is a well know beer brand.,open_qa What is the difference between a trumpet and a trombone?,,"A trumpet is a smaller horn than a trombone, which leads the trumpet to have a higher pitch. The trumpet also has keys pressed by the fingers in various combinations to play different notes, while the trombone uses a slide.",open_qa When was Lamb Air operating,"Lamb Air Ltd. was a Canadian airline that began operations in 1934 in The Pas, Manitoba, and went out of business in 1981. History Tom Lamb was the son of Thomas Henry Peacock (THP) Lamb, who had emigrated from England in the late 19th century. THP Lamb turned from school teacher to fur trader and in 1900, started Lamb's Store in Moose Lake, Manitoba. Tom and his brothers and sisters grew up in northern Manitoba and worked for their father. Tom Lamb left school before finishing grade 3. Later in life, he would make the comment, while giving his acceptance speech when receiving his honorary Doctorate of law from the University of Manitoba, ""If I had only gotten to grade 4"". At the age of 10, Tom, who had his own team of horses and sleigh, was competing with grown men in the fish hauling business. He would have to use fish boxes to step up on to be able to load his sleigh. One of the Lamb family's businesses was ""logistics and transportation"". Fish, lumber, trees, fur and supplies needed to be hauled by any and all means. Dog teams, horses, boats, trucks and tractors were used. In the 1930s there was a transportation revolution happening. The aircraft was making its way into northern Canada. The first time Tom Lamb saw an aircraft he realized its potential. In 1930, Tom bought his first aircraft - a Stinson SR8. In 1930, Tom Lamb travelled to Winnipeg to learn to fly. To keep costs to a minimum, he lived in a tent behind the Winnipeg Flying Club. When he returned to The Pas and checked himself out on the Stinson. In 1935, Tom incorporated Lamb Airways Limited. The airline had some name changes throughout the years and Tom became one of the best known Manitobans, if not Canadians, in the world. His adventures have been documented in books, a television documentary and even a song.","Lamb Air Ltd. was a Canadian airline that began operations in 1934 in The Pas, Manitoba, and went out of business in 1981. History Tom Lamb was the son of Thomas Henry Peacock (THP) Lamb, who had emigrated from England in the late 19th century. THP Lamb turned from school teacher to fur trader and in 1900, started Lamb's Store in Moose Lake, Manitoba. Tom and his brothers and sisters grew up in northern Manitoba and worked for their father. Tom Lamb left school before finishing grade 3. Later in life, he would make the comment, while giving his acceptance speech when receiving his honorary Doctorate of law from the University of Manitoba, ""If I had only gotten to grade 4"". At the age of 10, Tom, who had his own team of horses and sleigh, was competing with grown men in the fish hauling business. He would have to use fish boxes to step up on to be able to load his sleigh. One of the Lamb family's businesses was ""logistics and transportation"". Fish, lumber, trees, fur and supplies needed to be hauled by any and all means. Dog teams, horses, boats, trucks and tractors were used. In the 1930s there was a transportation revolution happening. The aircraft was making its way into northern Canada. The first time Tom Lamb saw an aircraft he realized its potential. In 1930, Tom bought his first aircraft - a Stinson SR8. In 1930, Tom Lamb travelled to Winnipeg to learn to fly. To keep costs to a minimum, he lived in a tent behind the Winnipeg Flying Club. When he returned to The Pas and checked himself out on the Stinson. In 1935, Tom incorporated Lamb Airways Limited. The airline had some name changes throughout the years and Tom became one of the best known Manitobans, if not Canadians, in the world. His adventures have been documented in books, a television documentary and even a song.",closed_qa What are the two World Championships in one season of Formula One?,"Formula One (more commonly known as Formula 1 or F1) is the highest class of international racing for open-wheel single-seater formula racing cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The FIA Formula One World Championship has been one of the premier forms of racing around the world since its inaugural season in 1950. The word formula in the name refers to the set of rules to which all participants' cars must conform. A Formula One season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix. Grands Prix take place in multiple countries and continents around the world on either purpose-built circuits or closed public roads. A points system is used at Grands Prix to determine two annual World Championships: one for the drivers, and one for the constructors (the teams). Each driver must hold a valid Super Licence, the highest class of racing licence issued by the FIA, and the races must be held on tracks graded ""1"", the highest grade-rating issued by the FIA for tracks.","A points system is used at Grands Prix to determine two annual World Championships: one for the drivers, and one for the constructors (the teams).",information_extraction Who wrote Mahabharata?,,"According to ancient Indian tradition, Vyasa is the author of Mahabharata who is also a major character in the epic. It is first recited the sage Vaisampayana to the King Janamejaya who was the great-grandson of the Pandavas. The story is then recited again by a Ugrasrava Sauti to an assembly of sages in Naimisa forest.",open_qa What are financial instruments?,,"Financial instruments are monetary contracts between parties. They can be created, traded, modified and settled. They can be cash (currency), evidence of an ownership interest in an entity or a contractual right to receive or deliver in the form of currency (forex); debt (bonds, loans); equity (shares); or derivatives (options, futures, forwards). International Accounting Standards IAS 32 and 39 define a financial instrument as ""any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity"". Financial instruments may be categorized by ""asset class"" depending on whether they are equity-based (reflecting ownership of the issuing entity) or debt-based (reflecting a loan the investor has made to the issuing entity). If the instrument is debt it can be further categorized into short-term (less than one year) or long-term. Foreign exchange instruments and transactions are neither debt- nor equity-based and belong in their own category.",open_qa Give me a chronological bulleted list based on a timeline of events,"Olson served as a law clerk for Judge Barbara Jacobs Rothstein on the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington for two years immediately after finishing law school. She served as a trial attorney and later Deputy Director of the National Church Arson Task Force in the United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division from 1992 to 1997. From 1994 to 1997, she also worked part-time as an adjunct professor at George Washington University Law School. In 1997, Olson joined the Office of the United States Attorney for the District of Idaho, rising to the rank of Senior Litigation Counsel at the time of her appointment in 2010. After Olson resigned in 2017, she joined the Boise office of Stoel Rives, a law firm that operates in the Pacific Northwest. In 2021, Olson was included on a shortlist of possible nominees to succeed Judge B. Lynn Winmill.","* 1992 to 1997: Olson served as a trial attorney and later Deputy Director of the National Church Arson Task Force in the United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division * 1994 to 1997: Olson worked part-time as an adjunct professor at George Washington University Law School * 1997: Olson joined the Office of the United States Attorney for the District of Idaho * 2010: Olson rose to the rank of Senior Litigation Counsel * 2017: Olson resigned * 2017: Olson joined the Boise office of Stoel Rives, a law firm that operates in the Pacific Northwest * 2021: Olson was included on a shortlist of possible nominees to succeed Judge B. Lynn Winmill",summarization What is slack key guitar?,,"Slack key guitar is a style of finger-style guitar played in open tuning that originated in 19th century Hawaii. The style was created when Portuguese cowboys brought the guitar to Hawaii. The Hawaiians chose to retune the guitar by slackening some of the strings often to an open G chord. The most popular tuning DGDGBD is called ""taro patch"". Families often had their own tunings which were held as closely guarded secrets.",open_qa "In the summary below of episode 158 of the series Black Clover, how did the Spade army lose?","Ralph continues trying to cross the border. The Spade army begins crossing the border in a mechanized citadel called Candelo powered by siphoning magic from Spade commoners. Asta, who has grown even stronger and can now fly astride his demon slayer sword, flies to Candelo where he is enraged to see Spade Knights siphoning prisoners to death. Asta confronts Candelo’s commander who reveals he is also the vessel for a devil. He poisons Asta with poison magic but Asta easily absorbs the poison into the demon destroyer sword and furiously cuts the citadel in half, defeating the captain in a single blow. The Bulls arrive and Mimosa helps the prisoners recover. Noelle reveals Luck and Leopold were sent to destroy the Spade base near to the prisoner’s village. Realising they get to return home safely the prisoners reveal the Spade kingdom is ruled by the Dark Triad, each possessed by a powerful devil, and their followers the Dark Disciples who draw demonic power from the Triad. The Triad, siblings Dante, Vanica and Zenon Zogratis, consider the loss of Candelo trivial when they are close to their goal for which they only need capture two Arcane Stage mages. Ralph finally crosses the border and collapses by Hage Church where Sister Lily finds him calling out for “Prince Yuno”.","Asta countered the Spade Kingdom's commandor's poison attack with the demon destroyer sword, then cut the attacking citadel in half, defeating the captain in a single blow.",closed_qa Can you tell me what the buddhist uprising is about in a few sentences?,"The Buddhist Uprising of 1966 (Vietnamese: Nổi dậy Phật giáo 1966), or more widely known in Vietnam as the Crisis in Central Vietnam (Vietnamese: Biến động Miền Trung), was a period of civil and military unrest in South Vietnam, largely focused in the I Corps area in the north of the country in central Vietnam. The area is a heartland of Vietnamese Buddhism, and at the time, activist Buddhist monks and civilians were at the forefront of opposition to a series of military juntas that had been ruling the nation, as well as prominently questioning the escalation of the Vietnam War. During the rule of the Catholic Ngô Đình Diệm, the discrimination against the majority Buddhist population generated the growth of Buddhist institutions as they sought to participate in national politics and gain better treatment. In 1965, after a series of military coups that followed the fall of the Diệm regime in 1963, Air Marshal Nguyễn Cao Kỳ and General Nguyễn Văn Thiệu finally established a stable junta, holding the positions of Prime Minister and figurehead Chief of State respectively. The Kỳ-Thiệu regime was initially almost a feudal system, being more of an alliance of warlords than a state as each corps commander ruled his area as his own fiefdom, handing some of the taxes they collected over to the government in Saigon and keeping the rest for themselves. During that time, suspicion and tension continued between the Buddhist and Catholic factions in Vietnamese society.","The Buddhist Uprising was a civil and military crisis in South Vietnam, during 1966. At that time, civilians and Buddhist monks strongly questioned the activities schemes of military officers and the reasoning behind the Vietnam War. The Buddhist population was discriminated against during the rule of Catholics, which spurred them into forming their own political party. After a series of military. coups in 1965, they successfully gained command of the political power. Tension remained between the two religious power.",summarization Give me five things to look for in a hot sauce.,,"1. Heat: spice is an important factor in hot sauce 2. Saltiness: many hot sauces are fermented with salt, causing the sauce to taste spicy 3. Sweetness: due to the pepper or additives like sugar, some sauces will be sweeter than others 4. Fruitiness: some pepper coming from tropical climates may taste like mango or pineapple 5. Other additives: outside of the pepper, additives such as salt, sugar, vinegar or fermentation will affect the flavor of the pepper",brainstorming "Given this paragraph about full distance ironman competition, how far is each discipline","A number of non-WTC full distance triathlons have been held since the mid-1990s. The limited number of WTC-sanctioned events, and the limited number of entries available per race, have combined with a growth in the sport that has created demand for these non-trademarked events. Many of them share the 2.4-mile (3.9 km), 112-mile (180 km), 26.2-mile (42.2 km) format with the Ironman triathlon. Originally, many used the Ironman name. Due to aggressive trademark protection, most of these races no longer use the word ""Ironman"".","The distances for a full ironman competition are 2.4 miles (3.9km) for the swim, 112 miles (180km) for the bike and 26.2 miles (42.2km) for the run.",closed_qa "Tell me which of these are NFL teams: Bengals, Pumas, Seahawks, Falcons, Roadrunners, Eagles, Coyotes, Sheep, Bears.",,"Bengals, Seahawks, Falcons, Eagles, Bears.",classification What are some of the most memorable sports moments since the era of live television began?,,"Live television has brought thrilling moments that are remembered by many millions of sports fans. Nearly every major sport has seen one of the live tv moments. The last pitch of Don Larsen's perfect game in the 1956 World Series was one of the earliest memorable baseball moments on live tv and in pro football ""the catch"" by 49er Dwight Clark in the 1981 NFC championship game was watched by millions. Michael Jordan's game winning shot in game 6 of the 1998 NBA finals and the Jack Nicklaus putt on the 17th hole of the 1986 Masters are also remembered by many basketball and golf fans. One of the most memorable sports moments may be the final seconds of the 1980 US Olympic hockey team's stunning upset of the Soviet Union with the great comment ""Do you believe in miracles?"" from broadcaster Al Michaels.",open_qa Name five popular large dog breeds,,"Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retriever, Poodle, Great Dane, and Boxers",brainstorming "Write a friendly letter to my landlord, convincing them to let me get a cat. His name is George and my name is Steve. I live alone in Unit 2C and I work long hours. Include details regarding my rental contract that currently only permits dogs under 25 pounds and caged animals and requires pet deposit and rent. Give him examples as to why those animals are not ideal (include my dog allergy) and why a cat is better. Let him know I plan a robotic vacuum and mop to keep things clean. Tell him I've already found a potential pet at the local animal shelter, who is a two-year-old shelter cat who is housebroken and friendly. Remind him that Unit 2C does not have any carpeted floors and a tiled bathroom which is good for the future litter box. Convince him I'm open to a conversation to discuss further.",,"Hello, George, This is Steve in Unit 2C. I hope your day is going well. I have a request I would like to ask of you. As you know, I live alone. I have been considering getting a pet for companionship, but after reviewing my rental contract, I noticed the only permitted animals are small dogs and animals that can be kept in a tank, like hamsters and fish. I am hoping you would reconsider these restrictions and allow me to have a cat. I am more than willing to resign a rental contract to include the requisite pet deposit and pet rent. I thought about a dog, since those animals are already in the contract, but I don't want a dog. Since I work long hours, it's not ideal to have a dog in my unit. My unit is small and could be claustrophobic for a dog who has a lot of energy. I also don't want to leave a dog alone because it may bark and disturb the other tenants in the building. Dogs also urinate and defecate in the shared yard around the property, which is gross, considering not everyone picks up after their dogs. Also, I am allergic to dogs, so this rules out dogs. I also considered a hamster or fish, but I am reluctant to have either of those, as well. Firstly, they do not offer the same cuddly companionship of a cat. If a hamster got loose, it could cause far more damage to a unit than a cat could -- the hamster could defecate in many areas, chew electrical wires, and chew through drywall. Fish pose a problem if the tank cracks or breaks, which would cause lots of water damage to the flooring. I recognize there are drawbacks to any pet, including cats, and I understand that some landlords are reluctant to permit cats, because there is an impression that cats may be more destructive, such as peeing in inappropriate places. However, I believe a cat is the least-destructive option of all. As my unit is not carpeted, I don't believe persistent urination stains will be an issue. Cats are easy to litter box train and I plan to put the litter box in the tiled bathroom where there is no opportunity for urine to get into the subfloor. Cats are less destructive than dogs, because they don't chew on things like furniture and doorways. Cats also are not nearly as loud as barking dogs. I have already looked into pets at the local animal shelter and found a possible new roommate, who is a friendly two-year-old cat and is housebroken and box-trained. This is an ideal pet, since I don't have to risk accidents with box-training a kitten, and it's unlikely the cat will be destructive if it's already housebroken. I believe a cat would be the ideal companion for me, given my work schedule and my preference for my ideal pet. I am happy to discuss my desire in person and further elaborate my plan on how I will continue to maintain a clean and tidy unit with a cat, such as purchasing an automatic robot vacuum and mop to ensure an extra clean space. Please consider my request. I look forward to your response. Sincerely, Steve",creative_writing Extract the awards won by Tendulkar. Separate them with a comma,"Tendulkar has received several awards from the government of India: the Arjuna Award (1994), the Khel Ratna Award (1997), the Padma Shri (1998), and the Padma Vibhushan (2008). After Tendulkar played his last match in November 2013, the Prime Minister's Office announced the decision to award him the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award. He was the first sportsperson to receive the reward, and as of 2021, he is the youngest recipient and was the first sportsperson to receive the award. In 2012, Tendulkar was nominated to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India.","Arjuna Award, Khel Ratna Award, Padma Shri, Padma Vibhushan, Bharat Ratna",information_extraction "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Veena, Mizmar",,"Mizmar is woodwind, Veena is string.",classification "Which of the following does not fit with the others on the list? Please explain your reasoning. Galaxy M81 Black Eye Galaxy Pinwheel Galaxy Andromeda Galaxy Sombrero Galaxy",,"Of the 5 galaxies on the list, the Sombrero Galaxy is the only one that is not clearly a spiral galaxy. While some sources do describe the Sombrero Galaxy as a spiral galaxy, most acknowledge that it has an usual shape that differs from most spiral galaxies.",classification "From the passage provided, extract the population of Seattle metropolitan area","Seattle (/siˈætəl/ (listen) see-AT-əl) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States. It is the seat of King County, Washington. With a 2020 population of 737,015, it is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The Seattle metropolitan area's population is 4.02 million, making it the 15th-largest in the United States. Its growth rate of 21.1% between 2010 and 2020 made it one of country's fastest-growing large cities.","The Seattle metropolitan area's population is 4.02 million, making it the 15th-largest in the United States",information_extraction What is Ana María Gonzalez famous for,"Ana María González (born 13 April 1951) is a Spanish lyric soprano trained in Argentina, known for performing at the Teatro Colón from 1973 to 1994. Although associated with the Italian lyric repertoire, she also excelled in lyric soprano roles of the French repertoire such as Manon, Marguerite, and Juliette, which brought her international fame.","Ana María Gonzalez (born 13 April 1951) is a Spanish lyric soprano trained in Argentina, known for performing at the Teatro Colón from 1973 to 1994. Although associated with the Italian lyric repertoire, she also excelled in lyric soprano roles of the French repertoire such as Manon, Marguerite, and Juliette, which brought her international fame.",summarization Whats the difference between a bass guitar and a regular guitar?,,"There are a few significant differences between a bass guitar and a regular guitar. A bass guitar typically has 4 strings (though it can have more), is larger in body & neck, and has higher string gauges (string thickness). A bass guitar is used for keeping the band on track by keeping the rhythm and hitting the root notes of the chords. A regular guitar typically has 6 strings, and can be used for a wider variety of purposes. These include keeping the rhythm with chords, playing foundational riffs, or improvisational solos for instrumental layering. The regular guitarists are almost always the more well-known of the two.",open_qa "Which is an imperial or a metric measurement: yard, metre",,"yard is imperial, metre is metric",classification Where is Koenigsfeld,"Königsfeld is a municipality in the district of Ahrweiler, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.","Koenigsfeld is a municipality in the district of Ahrweiler, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.",closed_qa Goa used to be a colony of which nation,,Portugal,open_qa History of Linux,"The Unix operating system was conceived and implemented in 1969, at AT&T's Bell Labs, in the United States by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna. First released in 1971, Unix was written entirely in assembly language, as was common practice at the time. In 1973, in a key pioneering approach, it was rewritten in the C programming language by Dennis Ritchie (with the exception of some hardware and I/O routines). The availability of a high-level language implementation of Unix made its porting to different computer platforms easier. Due to an earlier antitrust case forbidding it from entering the computer business, AT&T licensed the operating system's source code as a trade secret to anyone who asked. As a result, Unix grew quickly and became widely adopted by academic institutions and businesses. In 1984, AT&T divested itself of its regional operating companies, and was released from its obligation not to enter the computer business; freed of that obligation, Bell Labs began selling Unix as a proprietary product, where users were not legally allowed to modify it. Onyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. While Sun workstations didn't utilize commodity PC hardware like Linux was later developed for, it represented the first successful commercial attempt at distributing a primarily single-user microcomputer that ran a Unix operating system. With Unix increasingly ""locked in"" as a proprietary product, the GNU Project, started in 1983 by Richard Stallman, had the goal of creating a ""complete Unix-compatible software system"" composed entirely of free software. Work began in 1984. Later, in 1985, Stallman started the Free Software Foundation and wrote the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) in 1989. By the early 1990s, many of the programs required in an operating system (such as libraries, compilers, text editors, a command-line shell, and a windowing system) were completed, although low-level elements such as device drivers, daemons, and the kernel, called GNU Hurd, were stalled and incomplete. MINIX was created by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, a computer science professor, and released in 1987 as a minimal Unix-like operating system targeted at students and others who wanted to learn operating system principles. Although the complete source code of MINIX was freely available, the licensing terms prevented it from being free software until the licensing changed in April 2000. Although not released until 1992, due to legal complications, development of 386BSD, from which NetBSD, OpenBSD and FreeBSD descended, predated that of Linux. Linus Torvalds has stated on separate occasions that if the GNU kernel or 386BSD had been available at the time (1991), he probably would not have created Linux.","Linux, computer operating system created in the early 1990s by Finnish software engineer Linus Torvalds and the Free Software Foundation (FSF). While still a student at the University of Helsinki, Torvalds started developing Linux to create a system similar to MINIX, a UNIX operating system. In 1991 he released version 0.02; Version 1.0 of the Linux kernel, the core of the operating system, was released in 1994. About the same time, American software developer Richard Stallman and the FSF made efforts to create an open-source UNIX-like operating system called GNU. In contrast to Torvalds, Stallman and the FSF started by creating utilities for the operating system first. These utilities were then added to the Linux kernel to create a complete system called GNU/Linux, or, less precisely, just Linux.",closed_qa What is IAAS?,,"IAAS is an acronym for Infrastructure-as-a-service and refers to the networking, storage, compute and virtualisation services the form the foundation of public cloud computing.",open_qa "Given the paragraph about the Colnago C40, in which year was a Colnago-branded bicycle first ridden by the overall classification winner in the Tour de France?","The C40 went on to win 5 editions of Paris-Roubaix in 6 years. Surpringly, the victory of Tadej Pogačar in the 2020 edition of the Tour de France marked the first time a Colnago-branded bicycle was ridden by the overall classification winner, since Merckx's victories were aboard re-branded bikes.",2020 was the first year a Colnago-branded bicycle was first ridden by the overall classification winner in the Tour de France.,closed_qa Who are the top Presidents of USA,,"Abraham Lincoln, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and George Washington are most often listed as the three highest-rated presidents among historians. More recent presidents such as Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton are often rated among the greatest in public opinion polls, but generally do not rank as highly among presidential scholars and historians. Because William Henry Harrison and James A. Garfield both died within their first year in office, they are often omitted from presidential rankings. Zachary Taylor died after serving as president for only 16 months, but he is usually included. In the case of these three presidents, it is not clear whether they received low rankings due to their actions as president or because each was in office for such a limited time that they did not accomplish much.",open_qa "What are some fun, safe ways to break a social norm without breaking a law?",,"Some fun and safe ways to break a social norm without breaking the law could include the following ideas: - Wear winter clothes on a hot day or wear a bathing suit on a cold day - Talk to strangers on the elevator - Pick your nose while talking to someone - Lick the plate at a restaurant - Talk to someone in another stall in a public bathroom",brainstorming What's the first thing you do when you wake up in the morning ?,,Open my eyes,brainstorming What is Mexico?,,Mexico is a country on the North American continent.,open_qa Please give me a short bulleted list of the most important facts about the album “The Dark Side of the Moon” from the rockband Pink Floyd,"The Dark Side of the Moon is the eighth studio album by the English rock band Pink Floyd, released on 1 March 1973 by Harvest Records. Developed during live performances before recording began, it was conceived as a concept album that would focus on the pressures faced by the band during their arduous lifestyle, and also deal with the mental health problems of former band member Syd Barrett, who departed the group in 1968. New material was recorded in two sessions in 1972 and 1973 at EMI Studios (now Abbey Road Studios) in London. The record builds on ideas explored in Pink Floyd's earlier recordings and performances, while omitting the extended instrumentals that characterised the band's earlier work. The group employed multitrack recording, tape loops, and analogue synthesisers, including experimentation with the EMS VCS 3 and a Synthi A. Engineer Alan Parsons was responsible for many of the sonic aspects of the recording, and for the recruitment of session singer Clare Torry, who appears on ""The Great Gig in the Sky"". The Dark Side of the Moon explores themes such as conflict, greed, time, death and mental illness. Snippets from interviews with the band's road crew and others are featured alongside philosophical quotations. The sleeve, which depicts a prismatic spectrum, was designed by Storm Thorgerson in response to keyboardist Richard Wright's request for a ""simple and bold"" design which would represent the band's lighting and the album's themes. The album was promoted with two singles, ""Money"" and ""Us and Them"". The Dark Side of the Moon is among the most critically acclaimed albums and often features in professional listings of the greatest albums. It brought Pink Floyd international fame, wealth, and plaudits to all four band members. A blockbuster release of the album era, it also propelled record sales throughout the music industry during the 1970s. The Dark Side of the Moon is certified 14 times platinum in the United Kingdom, and topped the US Billboard Top LPs & Tape chart, where it has charted for 977 weeks. As of 2013, The Dark Side of the Moon has sold over 45 million copies worldwide, making it the best-selling album of the 1970s and the fourth-best-selling album in history. In 2012, it was selected for preservation in the US National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"".","- published on March 1, 1973 - recorded at Abbey Road Studios in London assisted by unknown sound engineer Alan Parsons - Pink Floyd used innovative technologies such as multitrack recording and analog synthesisers - the album explores themes such as time, death and mental illness - as of 2013 Pink Floyd sold more than 45 million copies of “The Dark Side of the Moon"" - the album was the 4th best selling album of all time - it was charted in the US charts for 977 weeks - it was selected for preservation in the US National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant""",summarization What are some fun board games to play as a family?,,"Choosing a board game to enjoy as a family can be challenging, and the right game for your family can vary on the composition and ages in your family, how long of a game you want to play, and also where you are located in the world and what is available to you. A few more well-known family games include Monopoly, Sorry!, Trouble, LIFE, and Clue (some of which come in “Junior” editions for families with smaller children). Some other games to try as a family, which vary in complexity, length and mechanics, include Settlers of Catan, Pandemic (particularly if your family enjoys cooperative games), Keys to the Kingdom, Letter Jam, Codenames, Ticket to Ride, Wingspan, We're Doomed, One Night Ultimate Werewolf, and Betrayal at House on the Hill. For families with smaller children, check out games by publishers Haba, Amigo, and Gamewright. These companies have several selections that are good for children, including Animal Upon Animal, Rhino Hero: Super Battle, Magic Mountain, Outfoxed, Forbidden Island, and others. Pro tip: the website, Board Game Geek (BGG), can be a good source of information, ratings, and reviews on different board games, and categorizes games by several factors, including a category and rankings for family games.",open_qa Why does Daenerys Targaryen want to rule Westeros?,,"According to the exiled Targaryen, she is steadfast in her belief that she is the rightful heir to the Iron Throne as she is the only living descendent of the last Targaryen monarch, her father, King Aerys II. Her father was murdered by his Kingsguard, Jaime Lannister, and his throne usurped by Robert Baratheon. Daenerys believes it is her birthright to reclaim the throne.",creative_writing What achievements did Cade Cunningham receive during his first year in the NBA based on the provided paragraph?,"Cunningham was drafted with the first overall pick of the 2021 NBA draft by the Detroit Pistons. On August 8, 2021, he made his debut in the 2021 NBA Summer League in a 76–72 win against the Oklahoma City Thunder in which he posted 12 points, six rebounds, and two assists in 26 minutes. Cunningham lost part of the training camp, all of the preseason, and five of Detroit's first six games due to an ankle injury. On October 30, he made his NBA debut, putting up two points, two assists, and seven rebounds in a 110–103 win over the Orlando Magic. After five games, Cunningham posted his first 40-plus field-goal percentage, and he had an 18-point, 10-rebound double-double in his third NBA game. On November 15, Cunningham became the youngest player in NBA history to tally at least 25 points, eight rebounds, and eight assists with five three-pointers in a game at 20 years, 51 days. He topped LeBron James (20 years, 100 days) and Trae Young (20 years, 163 days). On November 21, he notched a triple-double with 13 points, 12 rebounds, and 10 assists in a 121—116 loss to the Los Angeles Lakers to become the eighth-youngest player in NBA history to record a triple-double and the youngest in Pistons history.","On November 15, 2021, Cade Cunningham became the youngest player in NBA history to tally at least 25 points, eight rebounds, and eight assists with five three-pointers in a game at 20 years, 51 days. He topped LeBron James (20 years, 100 days) and Trae Young (20 years, 163 days). On November 21, 2021, he notched a triple-double with 13 points, 12 rebounds, and 10 assists in a 121—116 loss to the Los Angeles Lakers to become the eighth-youngest player in NBA history to record a triple-double and the youngest in Pistons history.",closed_qa Give me an example of a screened subnet,,"In network security a screened subnet refers to the use of one or more logical screening routers as a firewall to define three separate subnets: an external router (sometimes called an access router), that separates the external network from a perimeter network, and an internal router (sometimes called a choke router) that separates the perimeter network from the internal network. The perimeter network, also called a border network or demilitarized zone (DMZ), is intended for hosting servers (sometimes called bastion hosts) that are accessible from or have access to both the internal and external networks. The purpose of a screened subnet or DMZ is to establish a network with heightened security that is situated between an external and presumed hostile network, such as the Internet or an extranet, and an internal network. A screened subnet is an essential concept for e-commerce or any entity that has a presence in the World Wide Web or is using electronic payment systems or other network services because of the prevalence of hackers, advanced persistent threats, computer worms, botnets, and other threats to networked information systems.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tom-tom drum, Viola de arame",,"Viola de arame is string, Tom-tom drum is percussion.",classification "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Bedug, Moraharpa",,"Bedug is percussion, Moraharpa is string.",classification Give me an idea for repurposing my empty egg carton and instructions on how to do it.,,"You can repurpose your empty egg carton to grow seeds into small sprouted seedlings. First, fill each egg cup with a small amount of soil. Second, poke a little hole into the center of each soil mound. Third, put 2-3 seeds into the center of each soil mound and cover with a small amount of soil. Finally, place in front of a bright window and water regularly to encourage growth. When the seeds sprout, you can plant them!",brainstorming What is base board?,,"Base board is a wooden or vinyl board that is used in home construction or home remodeling projects. It is used to decorate where sheet rock comes together to form a line on ceilings. It is also used on the floor to cover where tile and wood planks come together to meet the wall (e.g. interior wall). People use it here for aesthetic reasons because it looks nice. You will need a miter saw to cut base board, and it should always be painted first before installing it with a nail gun. When installing it it should be attached to the studs in the walls for a secure connection.",open_qa What are the drawbacks of nuclear fusion?,,"List of Cons of Nuclear Fusion 1. It is extremely difficult to achieve. In stars, strong gravitational forces and high temperatures naturally create a fusion environment. But here on Earth, we are facing the challenge to make nuclear fuel hot and confined enough to start a self-sustaining ignition. Imagine trying to contain the plasma (a gaseous mixture of deuterium, tritium atoms and ions, and helium the fusion product) at 100 million degrees celsius. No material can withstand that temperature. So, scientists attempt to keep the plasma (being electrically charged and having a magnetic field of its own) suspended in a magnetic field produced by superconducting magnets around the fusion chamber/vessel. This is similar to how bullet trains float on their tracks at ridiculous speeds. This process is very difficult to achieve (as compared to nuclear FISSION). 2. It produces radioactive waste. Though nuclear power plants only emit negligible amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, its nuclear fuel chain process does produce radioactive waste. The radioactive waste produced with fusion is not the same as with fission, and the two are often confused. With a nuclear fission reactor, the radiation is alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays (which can penetrate your skin and break apart the bonds in your DNA structure, giving you all kinds of cancer). In contrast, in a nuclear fusion reactor, the vessel wall is the only part that will be bombarded by the high energy neutrons, and if, in the worst case, all the protective layers surrounding the main fusion vessel fail, the neutron radiation will stop as soon as fusion reaction stops. In a fission reactor, the cancer-causing radiation still exists even in the waste materials, which means that extreme measures are needed to burry the waste to keep it as far away as possible from humans. In the case of nuclear fusion, the activated materials (i.e., the metal vessels which have been bombarded by neutrons) can be stored safely for about 100 years, after which the radiation level becomes so low that they can be reused in the fusion reactor again.",open_qa What are Salesforce's Inc current state and challenges?,,"Salesforce can be best described as being in the “Elaboration” stage within the organization's lifecycle. Salesforce, to date, has managed its growth very well. Despite growing to 17000 employees, Salesforce managed to retain its core culture. It also responded to external challenges, especially against the competition, as Salesforce today competes in the CRM industry and emerged as a viable alternative to AWS. Salesforce relies more heavily on bureaucratic control mechanisms than clan and market control. Salesforce divided itself into functional units, namely, Product, Customer, People, Strategy, and Revenue. It does have some core focus areas, like the public sector as an industry vertical. Even though Salesforce, when viewed through a rational lens, is a bureaucratic organization, it is designed for flexibility, i.e, organic design. The decision-making is pushed down to the business unit rather than being driven by the top management. Salesforce’s Tableau and Slack acquisitions are adaptive, quick, innovative, and much required in a changing and complex environment. With Slack and Tableau, Salesforce has an edge against other cloud providers in the platform space.",creative_writing Is GitHub Actions are free?,,"GitHub Actions usage is free for standard GitHub-hosted runners in public repositories, and for self-hosted runners. For private repositories, each GitHub account receives a certain amount of free minutes and storage for use with GitHub-hosted runners, depending on the product used with the account.",open_qa "Given the reference text about the American Rescue Plan Act, tell me how much money was authorized to be spent.","The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, also called the COVID-19 Stimulus Package or American Rescue Plan, is a US$1.9 trillion economic stimulus bill passed by the 117th United States Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden on March 11, 2021, to speed up the country's recovery from the economic and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing recession. First proposed on January 14, 2021, the package builds upon many of the measures in the CARES Act from March 2020 and in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, from December. Beginning on February 2, 2021, Democrats in the United States Senate started to open debates on a budget resolution that would allow them to pass the stimulus package through the process of reconciliation which would not require support from Republicans. The House of Representatives voted 218–212 to approve its version of the budget resolution. A so-called vote-a-rama session started two days later after the resolution was approved, and the Senate introduced amendments in the relief package. The day after, Vice President Kamala Harris cast her first tie-breaking vote as vice president in order to give the Senate's approval to start the reconciliation process, with the House following suit by voting 219–209 to agree to the Senate version of the resolution. On February 8, 2021, the Financial Services and Education and Labor committees released a draft of $1.9 trillion stimulus legislation. A portion of the relief package was approved by the House Ways and Means on February 11, setting it up for a vote in the House. The legislation was also approved by the Transportation and Infrastructure, Small Business, and House Veterans Affairs committees. On February 22, the House Budget Committee voted 19–16 to advance the bill to the House for a floor vote. The bill passed the House by a vote of 219–212 on February 27. All but two Democrats voted for the bill and all Republicans voted against the bill. A modified version passed the Senate on March 6 by a vote of 50–49. The final amended bill was passed by the House on March 10 by a vote of 220–211 with one Democrat voting against it with all Republicans. The bill was signed into law by President Biden on March 11, 2021, which was the first anniversary of COVID-19 being declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization.",The American Rescue Plan authorized $1.9T of economic stimulus to be spent.,closed_qa What is a merchant bank?,,"A merchant bank is historically a bank dealing in commercial loans and investment. In modern British usage it is the same as an investment bank. Merchant banks were the first modern banks and evolved from medieval merchants who traded in commodities, particularly cloth merchants. Historically, merchant banks' purpose was to facilitate and/or finance production and trade of commodities, hence the name ""merchant"". Few banks today restrict their activities to such a narrow scope. In modern usage in the United States, the term additionally has taken on a more narrow meaning, and refers to a financial institution providing capital to companies in the form of share ownership instead of loans. A merchant bank also provides advice on corporate matters to the firms in which they invest.",open_qa Please give me a list of the countries in which Gabribaldi fought according to the text,"Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi was an Italian general, patriot, revolutionary and republican. He contributed to Italian unification and the creation of the Kingdom of Italy. He is considered one of the greatest generals of modern times and one of Italy's ""fathers of the fatherland"", along with Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Giuseppe Mazzini. Garibaldi is also known as the ""Hero of the Two Worlds"" because of his military enterprises in South America and Europe. Garibaldi was a follower of the Italian nationalist Mazzini and embraced the republican nationalism of the Young Italy movement. He became a supporter of Italian unification under a democratic republican government. However, breaking with Mazzini, he pragmatically allied himself with the monarchist Cavour and Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia in the struggle for independence, subordinating his republican ideals to his nationalist ones until Italy was unified. After participating in an uprising in Piedmont, he was sentenced to death, but escaped and sailed to South America, where he spent 14 years in exile, during which he took part in several wars and learned the art of guerrilla warfare. In 1835 he joined the rebels known as the Ragamuffins (farrapos), in the Ragamuffin War in Brazil, and took up their cause of establishing the Riograndense Republic and later the Catarinense Republic. Garibaldi also became involved in the Uruguayan Civil War, raising an Italian force known as Redshirts, and is still celebrated as an important contributor to Uruguay's reconstitution.","Italy, Brazil, Uruguay",summarization "Based on this paragraph, what was the name of Jesse LaFollette's mother?","LaFollette was born near Morristown, New Jersey in 1781. His father, Joseph, and grandfather, Jean, were Huguenots who had escaped the persecution in France, traveling first to Jersey and then to the colonies where they operated a small farm near the Wallkill River in northern New Jersey. Jean was killed during the French and Indian Wars. Joseph married Phoebe Gobel of Morristown, New Jersey, whose father's farm along with other neighboring farms in Jockey Hollow was used by George Washington and his troops during the winter of 1780. After serving with Count Casimir Pulaski during the Revolutionary War, Joseph and his family joined the pioneers who trekked westward through the Cumberland Gap.","Jesse LaFollette's mother was Phoebe Gobel, who was married to his father Joseph.",closed_qa List the name of the games in Prince of Persia series along with their publication year. List the results in comma separated format.,"Prince of Persia is a video game franchise created by Jordan Mechner. It is built around a series of action-adventure games focused on various incarnations of the eponymous Prince, set in ancient and medieval Persia. The first two games in the series, Prince of Persia (1989) and Prince of Persia 2: The Shadow and the Flame (1993), were published by Broderbund. Prince of Persia 3D (1999), named for being the first installment to use 3D computer graphics, was developed by Red Orb Entertainment and published by The Learning Company on PC; The Dreamcast version was developed by Avalanche Software and published by Mattel Interactive. Ubisoft bought the rights to the franchise in 2001 and rebooted it with Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time (2003). Ubisoft has since developed and published four additional entries in the series: Prince of Persia: Warrior Within (2004), Prince of Persia: The Two Thrones (2006), Prince of Persia (2008), and Prince of Persia: The Forgotten Sands (2010), as well as a number of spin-offs and games for mobile devices. Outside of the games, the franchise also includes a film adaptation based on The Sands of Time, written in part by Mechner, and released by Walt Disney Pictures in 2010; a graphic novel; and the Lego Prince of Persia toyline. Ubisoft's Assassin's Creed franchise is considered to be the spiritual successor to the series.","Prince of Persia (1989), Prince of Persia 2: The Shadow and the Flame (1993), Prince of Persia 3D (1999), Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time (2003), Prince of Persia: Warrior Within (2004), Prince of Persia: The Two Thrones (2006), Prince of Persia (2008), Prince of Persia: The Forgotten Sands (2010)",information_extraction Why do people like cats?,,"People like cats for several reasons, such as enjoying their companionship, that they tend to be lower maintenance than dogs, and that they think they are cute.",open_qa "Tell me which of the following have been known to attack humans: mouse, goldfish, bears, mugs, cactus, moss, nudibranches, corals, hippos, wolves.",,"bears, hippos, wolves",classification What were the origins of basketball?,,"James Naismith, a gym instructor in New England, invented basketball in 1891 as an alternative to football. The original basketball game involved throwing a ball into a peach basket. Since then, the game has progressed to become one of the most popular sports in the world.",open_qa Can you summarize the Korematsu case?,"Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944), was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States to uphold the exclusion of Japanese Americans from the West Coast Military Area during World War II. The decision has been widely criticized, with some scholars describing it as ""an odious and discredited artifact of popular bigotry"", and as ""a stain on American jurisprudence"". The case is often cited as one of the worst Supreme Court decisions of all time. Chief Justice John Roberts repudiated the Korematsu decision in his majority opinion in the 2018 case of Trump v. Hawaii. In the aftermath of Imperial Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt had issued Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942, authorizing the U.S. War Department to create military areas from which any or all Americans might be excluded. Subsequently, the Western Defense Command, a U.S. Army military command charged with coordinating the defense of the West Coast of the United States, ordered ""all persons of Japanese ancestry, including aliens and non-aliens"" to relocate to internment camps. However, a 23-year-old Japanese-American man, Fred Korematsu, refused to leave the exclusion zone and instead challenged the order on the grounds that it violated the Fifth Amendment. In a majority opinion joined by five other justices, Associate Justice Hugo Black held that the need to protect against espionage by Japan outweighed the rights of Americans of Japanese ancestry. Black wrote that ""Korematsu was not excluded from the Military Area because of hostility to him or his race"", but rather ""because the properly constituted military authorities ... decided that the military urgency of the situation demanded that all citizens of Japanese ancestry be segregated from the West Coast"" during the war against Japan. Dissenting justices Frank Murphy, Robert H. Jackson, and Owen J. Roberts all criticized the exclusion as racially discriminatory; Murphy wrote that the exclusion of Japanese ""falls into the ugly abyss of racism"" and resembled ""the abhorrent and despicable treatment of minority groups by the dictatorial tyrannies which this nation is now pledged to destroy.""","Korematsu v United States was a Supreme Court decision that upheld the removal of citizens of Japanese descent from the West Coast of the US during WWII. The decision has been widely criticized and is often cited as one of the worst Supreme Court decisions in US history. The case was repudiated by the court in 2018. The case was brought by Fred Korematsu, who refused to move and challenged the order on the grounds that it violated the Fifth Amendment. The majority held that the need to protect the US against espionage by Japan outweighed the individual rights of Japanese-American citizens during wartime. Three dissenting justices argued that the removal was racially discriminatory.",summarization Provide an example of using modern materials science to study archaeological artifacts,"Ursula Martius Franklin was a German-Canadian metallurgist, research physicist, author, and educator who taught at the University of Toronto for more than 40 years. Franklin was a pioneer in the field of archaeometry, which applies modern materials analysis to archaeology. She worked for example, on the dating of prehistoric bronze, copper and ceramic artifacts. One small example of her work in this field regards what was a standing question on the nature of shiny black Chinese mirrors found in high quantities in ancient tombs. Franklin's use of microscopic etching, electron microprobe and x-ray fluorescence analyses produced evidence that what was thought by some to be a corrosive effect was in fact present in these ancient mirrors (and weapons) at their inception, in dark iron oxides intentionally added near the objects' surfaces. Franklin additionally pulled from historic and literary accounts of black mirrors in Chinese literature to support these findings. Franklin's expertise was also instrumental to dating glass; she guided a study on the remains of blue glass beads in North America remaining from early trade relationships between American Indian tribes and Europe","Archaeometry employs modern technology (such as x-ray fluorescence) to study the origins and environments of historical artifacts. Ursula Franklin was well known in this field; she found evidence of global trade in the remains of glass beads and proved that black mirrors present in large quantities in ancient Chinese tombs were purposely crafted, and not the result of corrosion.",information_extraction Tell me about NGC 7314,"NGC 7314 is a spiral galaxy located in the southern constellation of Piscis Austrinus. It was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel on July 29, 1834. This is a nearby Seyfert (active) galaxy, located at a distance of approximately 54.6 megalight-years from the Milky Way. Since it appears to have detached spiral arm segments (either from dust lanes or bright star clusters), it was listed in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. Walter Scott Houston describes its appearance in small telescopes: Do not let its photographic magnitude of 11.6 scare you off, for it can be seen in a 6-inch telescope as a curiously fuzzy object. But it is small, appearing only 4' by 2'. The morphological classification of this galaxy is SAB(rs)bc, indicating a spiral galaxy with a weak central bar (SAB), an incomplete ring structure around the bar (rs), and moderately–wound arms (bc). The plane of the galactic disk is inclined by 64° to the line of sight from the Earth, with the major axis aligned along a position angle of 178°. Within the galaxy's core is an active galactic nucleus tentatively classified as a type I Seyfert. The central supermassive black hole has a relatively low mass, estimated as (0.87±0.45)×106 M☉. The core is a source for X-ray emission that is seen to vary dramatically on time scales as low as hours.","NGC 7314 is a spiral galaxy located in the southern constellation of Piscis Austrinus. It was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel on July 29, 1834",summarization write some critical points on University of Sfax using below text as a reference,"The University of Sfax (Arabic: جامعة صفاقس French: Université de Sfax) is a university located in Sfax, Tunisia. It was founded in 1986 under the name University of the South with the purpose of covering all academic institutions in Southern Tunisia. It is divided into three universities, including the current University of Sfax, with the creation of the University of Gabes in 2003 and the University of Gafsa in 2004.","1. Sfax is home to the University of Sfax. 2. To include all academic institutions in Southern Tunisia, the University of the South was founded in 1986. 3. It is divided into three institutions, including the existing University of Sfax, with the formation of the University of Gabes in 2003 and the University of Gafsa in 2004.",summarization Tell me some common options for losing weight,,"Eat less, reduce carb intake, increase protein intake, do steady-state cardio, do HIIT, lift weights, take supplements.",brainstorming What is room temperature?,,"Room temperature is a range of air temperatures that most people prefer for indoor settings. This range is generally accepted to be around 20–22 °C or 68–72 °F. While it is subjective to opinion, keeping temperatures outside of these ranges can lead to discomfort and even aggression.",open_qa "What are some of the must-visit places in Tohoku, Japan?",,"Some of the must-visit places in Tohoku, Japan's Northeast region, include the region’s two most popular destinations: the beautiful and historic city of Sendai and the serene and beautiful Matsushima Bay. Additionally, the Tohoku region is home to some of the most popular destinations in Japan, including the Oirase gorge in southern Aomori prefecture, which is famed for its many waterfalls and hiking trails, and Akita city, which is best known for preserving its unique arts, architecture and cultural heritage from an earlier age. In terms of summer celebrations, the Kanto festival in Akita together with Aomori's Nebuta Festival and Sendai's Tanabata festival make up the three great festivals of the Tohoku Region. Tohoku is also home to some of the best onsen (natural hot spring) destinations in all of Japan such as Ginzan onsen in Yamagata prefecture, Akiu onsen in Miyagi, and Nyuto onsen in Akita.",open_qa Who is the highest run getter in cricket?,,"Sachin Tendulkar is the highest run getter in cricket with a total of 18,426 runs. He also has the highest number of centuries and half-centuries.",open_qa Based on the following passage which dried fruit is sold the most?,"Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators. Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating back to the fourth millennium BC in Mesopotamia, and is prized because of its sweet taste, nutritive value and long shelf life. Today, dried fruit consumption is widespread. Nearly half of the dried fruits sold are raisins, followed by dates, prunes, figs, apricots, peaches, apples, and pears. These are referred to as ""conventional"" or ""traditional"" dried fruits: fruits that have been dried in the sun or in heated wind tunnel dryers. Many fruits such as cranberries, blueberries, cherries, strawberries, and mango are infused with a sweetener (e.g. sucrose syrup) prior to drying. Some products sold as dried fruit, like papaya, kiwifruit and pineapple, are most often candied fruit. Dried fruits retain most of the nutritional value of fresh fruits. The specific nutrient content of the different dried fruits reflects their fresh counterpart and the processing method.","Today, dried fruit consumption is widespread and nearly half of the dried fruits sold are raisins.",information_extraction What is underwriting?,,"Underwriting (UW) services are provided by some large financial institutions, such as banks, insurance companies and investment houses, whereby they guarantee payment in case of damage or financial loss and accept the financial risk for liability arising from such guarantee. An underwriting arrangement may be created in a number of situations including insurance, issues of security in a public offering, and bank lending, among others. The person or institution that agrees to sell a minimum number of securities of the company for commission is called the underwriter. The term ""underwriting"" derives from the Lloyd's of London insurance market. Financial backers (or risk takers), who would accept some of the risk on a given venture (historically a sea voyage with associated risks of shipwreck) in exchange for a premium, would literally write their names under the risk information that was written on a Lloyd's slip created for this purpose.",open_qa What year was the first public school in America founded?,"Boston is one of the oldest municipalities in America, founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from the English town of the same name. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution and the nation's founding, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the siege of Boston. Upon American independence from Great Britain, the city continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture. The city has expanded beyond the original peninsula through land reclamation and municipal annexation. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public park (Boston Common, 1634), first public or state school (Boston Latin School, 1635) first subway system (Tremont Street subway, 1897), and first large public library (Boston Public Library, 1848).","The year 1635. Boston is known as having the first public or state school (Boston Latin School, 1635).",information_extraction In which European city would you find Orly airport?,,Paris.,open_qa Who coined the term lipstick index and what does it indicate?,"The lipstick index is a term coined by Leonard Lauder, chairman of the board of Estee Lauder, used to describe increased sales of cosmetics during the early 2000s recession. Lauder made the claim that lipstick sales could be an economic indicator, in that purchases of cosmetics – lipstick in particular – tend to be inversely correlated to economic health. The speculation was that women substitute lipstick for more expensive purchases like dresses and shoes in times of economic distress. Lauder identified the Lipstick index as sales across the Estee Lauder family of brands. Subsequent recessions, including the late-2000s recession, provided controverting evidence to Lauder's claims, as sales have actually fallen with reduced economic activity. Conversely, lipstick sales have experienced growth during periods of increased economic activity. As a result, the lipstick index has been discredited as an economic indicator. The increased sales of cosmetics in 2001 has since been attributed to increased interest in celebrity-designed cosmetics brands. In the 2010s, many media outlets reported that with the rise of nail art as fad in the English-speaking countries and as far afield as Japan and the Philippines, nailpolish had replaced lipstick as the main affordable indulgence for women in place of bags and shoes during recession, leading to talk of a nail polish index.Similar sentiment was noted during the coronavirus pandemic, when the mandated use of face masks to prevent the spread of the disease resulted in an increase of eye makeup purchases, suggesting a Mascara index","The lipstick index is a term coined by Leonard Lauder, chairman of the board of Estee Lauder, used to describe increased sales of cosmetics during the early 2000s recession.",summarization "Classify each of the following as either a pokemon or a pokemon trainer: Charmander, Squirtle, Bulbasaur, Ash, Brock, Golem, Arbok",,"Charmander, Squirtle, Bulbasaur, Golem and Arbok are pokemon. Ash and Brock are pokemon trainers.",classification Which NFL team has the most Super Bowl championship wins?,,"The Pittsburgh Steelers and the New England Patriots are tied for the most Super Bowl championship wins. Both teams have won 6 Super Bowl championships. The Steelers were the first team to achieve this in 2008, while the Patriots earned their sixth championship win in 2018.",open_qa List the founders of MicroStrategy and surround the first name of the founder who served as CEO in quotes.,"MicroStrategy Incorporated is an American company that provides business intelligence (BI), mobile software, and cloud-based services. Founded in 1989 by Michael J. Saylor, Sanju Bansal, and Thomas Spahr, the firm develops software to analyze internal and external data in order to make business decisions and to develop mobile apps. It is a public company headquartered in Tysons Corner, Virginia, in the Washington metropolitan area. Its primary business analytics competitors include SAP AG Business Objects, IBM Cognos, and Oracle Corporation's BI Platform. Saylor is the Executive Chairman and, from 1989 to 2022, was the CEO.","""Michael"" J. Saylor, Sanju Bansal, and Thomas Spahr",information_extraction What is a hedge in finance?,,"A hedge is an investment position intended to offset potential losses or gains that may be incurred by a companion investment. A hedge can be constructed from many types of financial instruments, including stocks, exchange-traded funds, insurance, forward contracts, swaps, options, gambles, many types of over-the-counter and derivative products, and futures contracts.",open_qa What is a string quartet?,,"Traditionally, string quartet is an ensemble of two violins, a viola, and a cello",open_qa Give me three reasons why I can't attend Karen's party on Friday night as a bulleted list.,,"- Sorry, Karen, I was excited to come to your party but unfortunately I caught COVID and can no longer attend. I don't want to get anybody else sick! - Karen, I'm going to be out of town this weekend and won't be able to make your party. But I hope you have fun! - Unfortunately I won't be able to make it to the party of Friday, Karen. My in-laws will be in town this weekend and I'm going to have my hands full entertaining them.",brainstorming What are two species of beavers?,"Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two extant species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras. Beavers have stout bodies with large heads, long chisel-like incisors, brown or gray fur, hand-like front feet, webbed back feet, and tails that are flat and scaly. The two species differ in skull and tail shape and fur color. Beavers can be found in a number of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. They are herbivorous, consuming tree bark, aquatic plants, grasses and sedges.",The two species of beavers are the North American beaver and the Eurasian beaver.,information_extraction "The United States has the most tornadoes of any country, nearly four times more than estimated in all of Europe then why does most death related to tornadoes occur in Bangladesh","Tornadoes kill an average of 179 people per year in Bangladesh, the most in the world.Reasons for this include the region's high population density, poor construction quality, and lack of tornado safety knowledge.Other areas of the world that have frequent tornadoes include South Africa, the La Plata Basin area, portions of Europe, Australia and New Zealand, and far eastern Asia. Tornadoes are most common in spring and least common in winter, but tornadoes can occur any time of year that favorable conditions occur.Spring and fall experience peaks of activity as those are the seasons when stronger winds, wind shear, and atmospheric instability are present.Tornadoes are focused in the right front quadrant of landfalling tropical cyclones, which tend to occur in the late summer and autumn. Tornadoes can also be spawned as a result of eyewall mesovortices, which persist until landfall. source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado","Reasons for this include Bangladesh high population density, poor construction quality, and lack of tornado safety knowledge.",closed_qa What are all the different evolutions for Eevee in Pokemon GO?,,"Eevee has eight different evolutions including Espeon, Vaporeon, Flareon, Jolteon, Leafeon, Glaceon, Umbreon and Sylveon.",brainstorming "Based on the below text, which expansion pack for Red Alert featured the player fighting an army of mutant ants?","In 1997, two expansion packs for Red Alert were released for the PC, Command & Conquer: Red Alert: Counterstrike and Command & Conquer: Red Alert: The Aftermath. The expansion packs were designed by Westwood Studios with the ""apprenticeship"" of Intelligent Games, a London-based game developer. Much of the development on multiplayer maps was undertaken by players from the Compuserve Red Alert ladder. New units, missions, maps, and music were included in the expansions. By October 1997, Counterstrike had sold 650,000 copies worldwide after its launch in April of that year. According to Westwood, this made it the all-time fastest-selling expansion pack for a computer game by that point. The Counterstrike add-on included the secret Ant Missions titled ""It Came from Red Alert"", where the player battles against an army of giant, mutant ants.",The Counterstrike add-on to Red Alert featured missions against giant mutant ants.,information_extraction "Can you write me a page long essay on whether capitalism needs to be reexamined and amended?  Is such a reexamination one of incremental or transformational change?  If so, why?  If not, why not?",,"How can I fully participate in a capitalistic society without examining it in the first place? That is the necessary first step to then “re-examine” capitalism, which I unequivocally support. Blindly following a belief, even an economic one, without critically assessing it can run the danger of making me complicit in contributing to the consequences of that belief even without any intent. I can only fully speak from my experience, so that is the lens through which I approach this class; on the larger scale, however, a re-examination is also called for to discern whether capitalism is the best course of action in the long term. Upon this re-examination, I conclude that capitalism is not broken: it is functioning as intended, to create economic value for the majority groups who popularized it. Capitalism in the United States has achieved such fast-paced progress because Black slaves, minority immigrants, and unpaid domestic laborers have assumed the lion’s share of building the system, and the legacies of these systems result in the inequities of race, class, and gender as discussed in class. Such inequities are not only shameful, but plainly unnecessary to continue making such strides in industry, health, longevity, and sharing of ideas. Therefore, capitalism should be amended so that workers more equitably reap the fruits of their labor. Exorbitant CEO pay and the distribution of the majority of profits towards shareholders; global factories which exploit children while imposing unclean and unsafe working conditions on many; unfettered production decimating the planet – should all be amended. Capitalism has grown automation, technology, and AI as well as the development and sharing of thought to remarkable levels. Such progress can be leveraged to address these issues and more. This isn’t idealistic or wishful thinking; though economic situations can seem like “given” circumstances, they are not to be taken for granted; capitalism is a human institution which requires human participation to uphold them. Therefore, capitalism also can be amended. Introducing another consideration is not a limitation on profits; rather, considering additional parameters inspires innovation, as embraced by many leading organizations. But at what pace shall capitalism be amended? The modern United States has necessary checks and balances in the legal systems to uphold the laws and enforce the regulations, which makes me believe that change should be incremental as to learn from our past and carefully curate a new future. It takes time to engage the partners vital to change – academics, politicians, social leaders, business leaders – and transformative change may leave some key stakeholders behind. Over time, incremental change is transformative and can achieve the changes imagined above.",creative_writing What is a prime number?,,A prime number is a number greater than one that can only be divided by the number 1 and itself.,open_qa How can you put up a painting on a concrete wall,,"Putting up a painting on a concrete wall requires different tools than a regular wall since traditional screws/nails can't penetrate the surface. One way to get around this is with concrete screws and anchors, or by fastening the painting directly to the wall with mounting tape.",brainstorming Think up a bunch of different ways to exercise,,"Running, walking, jogging, weight lifting, swimming, yoga, biking, boxing, sit ups, pushups, planks, jumping jacks",brainstorming What are all the possible answers from the magic 8 ball?,,"The magic 8 ball has twenty possible answers. These are divided into three general categories: positive, negative, and neutral. Positive: It is certain. It is decidedly so. Without a doubt. Yes definitely. You may rely on it. As I see it, yes. Most likely. Outlook good. Yes. Signs point to yes. Negative: Don't count on it. My reply is no. My sources say no. Outlook not so good. Very doubtful. Neutral: Reply hazy, try again. Ask again later. Better not tell you now. Cannot predict now. Concentrate and ask again.",brainstorming What is the national bird of India,,The Peacock,open_qa Please summarize the timeline of the Chinese Exclusion Act.,"The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years. The law excluded merchants, teachers, students, travelers, and diplomats. The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first and only major U.S. law ever implemented to prevent all members of a specific national group from immigrating to the United States. Passage of the law was preceded by growing anti-Chinese sentiment and anti-Chinese violence, as well as various policies targeting Chinese migrants. The act followed the Angell Treaty of 1880, a set of revisions to the U.S.–China Burlingame Treaty of 1868 that allowed the U.S. to suspend Chinese immigration. The act was initially intended to last for 10 years, but was renewed and strengthened in 1892 with the Geary Act and made permanent in 1902. These laws attempted to stop all Chinese immigration into the United States for ten years, with exceptions for diplomats, teachers, students, merchants, and travelers. They were widely evaded. The law remained in force until the passage of the Magnuson Act in 1943, which repealed the exclusion and allowed 105 Chinese immigrants to enter the United States each year. Chinese immigration later increased with the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, which abolished direct racial barriers, and later by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which abolished the National Origins Formula.","The Chinese Exclusion Act was signed on May 6, 1882. The act was initially intended to last for 10 years, but was renewed and strengthened in 1892 with the Geary Act and made permanent in 1902. The law remained in force until the passage of the Magnuson Act in 1943, which repealed the exclusion.",summarization How many movies did director Quentin Tarantino make?,,"As of March 2023, Quentin Tarantino has made 10 movies. They are, in chronological order: 1. Reservoir Dogs 2. Pulp Fiction 3. Jackie Brown 4. Kill Bill: Volume 1 5. Kill Bill: Volume 2 6. Death Proof 7. Inglourious Basterds 8. Django Unchained 9. The Hateful Eight 10. Once Upon a Time in Hollywood",open_qa "GIven this paragraph about American film director David Fincher, what are his reported upcoming projects.","In late 2019, Fincher began developing a television prequel to the 1974 film Chinatown with its screenwriter Robert Towne, and he has also expressed interest in eventually making a third season of Mindhunter, which was put on indefinite hold in 2020. In 2023, Fincher confirmed that Netflix will not be making a third season of Mindhunter, saying ""I’m very proud of the first two seasons. But it’s a very expensive show and, in the eyes of Netflix, we didn’t attract enough of an audience to justify such an investment [for Season 3]."" In February 2021, it was reported that Fincher will direct an adaptation of the graphic novel The Killer for Netflix, with Andrew Kevin Walker writing the screenplay and Michael Fassbender attached to star.",David Fincher has begun development on a prequel to the 1974 film Chinatown. It has also been reported that he will direct an adaptation of the graphic novel The Killer.,closed_qa What equipment do I need to go camping?,,"The basics of camping equipment are food and shelter. Your equipment will vary based on where you're camping, but the most basic equipment consists of a tent and sleeping bag to allow you to sleep out of the elements. If you want to camp comfortably, however, you'll want to look into things like a pillow, sleeping mat or cot, clothing to keep you comfortable in the elements, a way to start a fire, and anything that will allow you to participate in activities for the area. Everyone is different, so focusing on what will help you be comfortable is the most important aspect.",open_qa Give me Personal finance advice,,"Live within your means. Save and Invest Avoid credit cards Avoid any financial product that you don't understand Do research before making a large purchase Read financial books and blogs to get educated on personal finance Home ownership generally is worth more in the long run Ensure you have sufficient insurance to cover unexpected major catastrophes",creative_writing What is linear programming and how to solve?,,"Linear programming is a method to achieve the best objective in an optimization problem whose objective function and requirements are represented by linear relationships. The simplex method and the interior-point method are common algorithms to solve linear programming problems. You can visit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_programming to learn more.",open_qa How many more keys does a standard piano have over a harpsichord?,,28 keys,open_qa Which brands does Geely own?,"Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd (ZGH), commonly known as Geely (吉利 /ˈdʒiːliː/ ""auspicious""), is a Chinese multinational automotive company headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. The company is privately held by Chinese billionaire entrepreneur Li Shufu. It was established in 1986 and entered the automotive industry in 1997 with its Geely Auto subsidiary. Geely Auto is currently the seventh largest automobile manufacturer in China, with 1.328 million sales in China in 2021. Globally, the group sold over 2.2 million cars in 2021, and over 17,926 plug-in electric vehicles in January 2022. The company produces and sells vehicles under its own branding - such as Geely Auto, Geometry, Maple, and Zeekr - and under foreign-located subsidiaries - such as Volvo Cars, Polestar, Lynk & Co, Proton, and Lotus - as well as commercial only vehicles under the London EV Company, Ouling Auto and Farizon Auto brands. It also produces electric vehicles under some of the previously listed brandings, and motorcycles under its subsidiary Zhejiang Geely Ming Industrial (Jiming and Geely brands), Qianjiang Motorcycle (QJMotor and Keeway brands) and Benelli. In September 2022 the group acquired a 7.6% shareholding in Aston Martin Lagonda Global Holdings plc, the ultra-luxury British performance brand Aston Martin.","Chinese automotive company Geely owns brands such as Geely Auto, Geometry, Maple, Zeekr, Volvo Cars, Polsetar, Lynk & Co, Proton, Lotus, London EV Company, Ouling Auto and Farizon Auto.",information_extraction "Based on the provided text, how many awards did the book ""The Killing Jar"" win and what year were they awarded?","The Killing Jar (Chatto and Windus) is the debut novel of Nicola Monaghan, published in March 2006. It tells the story of Kerrie Ann Hill, a young girl growing up on a drug-ridden housing estate in Nottingham. Kerrie Ann meets an elderly neighbour when she's young, Mrs Ivanovich, an entomologist who teaches Kerrie about life, death, the Amazon rainforest and the miniature, alien world of insects. ""Kez"" struggles to look after her brother Jon, and hold things together as she's brought up by her junkie mum, Sue, and later, living with her boyfriend Mark as he becomes more and more involved with heroin and crack cocaine. The book explores themes of metamorphosis, the highs and lows of drugs, and how people become trapped by poisoned environments, and what it takes to escape them. Monaghan was included in The Independent's New Year list of ""Rising Talent of 2006"" and The Killing Jar made their 50 Hot Books for summer and Books of Year features. It went on to win a Betty Trask Award, The Authors' Club Best First Novel Award, and the Waverton Good Read Award.",The Killing Jar won 3 awards and they were awarded in 2006,closed_qa How many members are in FATF ?,,39 members,open_qa What is Dharma Sabha,"Dharma Sabha was formed in 1830 in Calcutta by Radhakanta Deb. The organization was established mainly to counter the ongoing social reform movements led by protagonists such as Raja Ram Mohun Roy and Henry Derozio. More specifically, the impetus of forming the organization came from a new law enacted by the colonial British rule which banned the barbaric practice of burning widows alive (sati) in the country; the focus of the new association was to repel the law which was seen as an intrusion by the British into the religious affairs of the indigenous people by some sections of the Hindu community. The Dharma Sabha filed an appeal in the Privy Council against the ban on Sati by Lord William Bentinck as, according to them, it went against the assurance given by George III of non-interference in Hindu religious affairs; however, their appeal was rejected and the ban on Sati was upheld in 1832. It published a newspaper called Samachar Chandrika. The Dharma Sabha campaigned against the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act, 1856 and submitted a petition against the proposal with nearly four times more signatures than the one submitted for it by Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. However Lord Dalhousie personally finalized the bill despite the opposition and it being considered a flagrant breach of Hindu customs as prevalent then, and it was passed by Lord Canning. The organization soon morphed into a 'society in defense of Hindu way of life or culture'.[","The Dharma Sabha was formed in 1830 in Calcutta by Radhakanta Deb to counter the ongoing social reform movements led by protagonists such as Raja Ram Mohun Roy and Henry Derozio. The organization was established to repel a new law enacted by British colonial rule, which banned the barbaric practice of burning widows alive (sati) in the country. The Dharma Sabha filed an appeal in the Privy Council against the ban on Sati by Lord William Bentinck, but their request was rejected, and the ban on Sati was upheld in 1832. It published a newspaper called Samachar Chandrika.",information_extraction Are there polar bears in Antarctica?,,"No, there are no polar bears in Antarctica. Polar bears are found in the northern hemisphere.",open_qa Can someone drive on Black Bear Road during the winter?,"Black Bear Road is open a few months of the year, from late summer (usually the last week of July) to early fall. The road is traveled only downhill from Red Mountain Pass — except for the annual Jeeper's Jamboree in which travel is reversed for one day only. The start of the trail was formerly marked along U.S. 550 with a sign that read:","No, it is only open from late summer to early fall.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph about ext3, tell me why its better than ext2 and its successor.","ext3, or third extended filesystem, is a journaled file system that is commonly used by the Linux kernel. It used to be the default file system for many popular Linux distributions. Stephen Tweedie first revealed that he was working on extending ext2 in Journaling the Linux ext2fs Filesystem in a 1998 paper, and later in a February 1999 kernel mailing list posting. The filesystem was merged with the mainline Linux kernel in November 2001 from 2.4.15 onward. Its main advantage over ext2 is journaling, which improves reliability and eliminates the need to check the file system after an unclean shutdown. Its successor is ext4","ext3 is better than ext2 because of its journaling capabilities, which improve reliability and eliminates the need to check the file system after an unclean shutdown. The successor of ext3 is ext4.",closed_qa What is Luxembourg?,,"Luxembourg is a country in Western Europe surrounded by Belgium, France and Germany",open_qa "Classify each of the following as old or young: baby, child, grandma, elderly, grandpa, octogenarian, infant",,"Baby: Young Child: Young Grandma: Old Elderly: Old Grandpa: Old Octogenarian: Old Infant: Young",classification Give me an example of a business model with a mission statement.,,"Mission Statement: Transform the transportation industry with improved customer experience, efficient operations, and reliable services with cost-effectiveness and minimal environmental impact. This will be a good mission statement for Uber as it represents the transportation industry as a whole in which Uber can make an impact. Also, we wanted to be clear about the firm’s north star, which is improved customer experience, efficient and reliable operations with low cost, and minimal environmental impact. Uber’s business model: Value proposition: Uber’s value prop is to offer transportation services via internet orderings from the customer. Customers order a transportation service via a mobile-enabled app and get instant or real-time updates about the order status. This significantly differs from the current taxi-cab model, where customers must hire a taxi-cab by waiting in line at the airport or taxi station. The existing taxi hire model has a poor experience for customers and comes with a high cost. Activities, resources, and capabilities: The critical activity for Uber in this business model is to connect the passengers and drivers on a demand basis concerning a location with a computer algorithm and deliver the service over a mobile app for both drivers and passengers. Uber needs computational resources and engineers to build the algorithm. Also, Uber needs to develop capabilities to attract drivers and passengers to its platform for each market, country, and city. Revenue model: In this model, Uber customers will pay per hire, which will include the transportation charge, driver’s labor fees, and the driver’s car maintenance, including fuel and running and maintenance expenses of the car, and a small commission for Uber that will be the revenue for the company. On average per ride, Uber expects to earn a 3% commission for basic taxi-hire service. Top-of-the-line services like Uber-X may earn up to 10% commission. Scope of the enterprise: This business model's primary customer segment is millennials with smartphones with internet-enabled services. This business model's horizontal scope can be vastly expanded to different products. Uber can start with a standard taxi-hire service, and for the luxury segment, it can offer Uber-X and Uber-SUV. Uber can also branch to adjacent industries like food delivery with Uber Eats and freight delivery with Uber Freight. The business’s sheer scope is to develop the in-house demand algorithm for connecting drivers and passengers. Uber does not intend to employ drivers. Instead, it will lease/contract the drivers on a per-ride basis and pay the contract cost to the drivers. In contrast, the computational and other IT infrastructure services will be leased/rented on services like Amazon Web Services or Microsoft Azure. This will enable Uber to be agile and move fast in various markets while protecting its intellectual property, the algorithm.",creative_writing "Given the following text, what is Mýrdalsjökull, which country is it located in, how much rain or snow does it receive each year?","Mýrdalsjökull (pronounced [ˈmirˌtalsˌjœːkʏtl̥] (listen), Icelandic for ""(the) mire dale glacier"" or ""(the) mire valley glacier"") is an ice cap in the south of Iceland. It is to the north of Vík í Mýrdal and to the east of the smaller ice cap Eyjafjallajökull. Between these two glaciers is Fimmvörðuháls pass. Its peak reaches 1,493 m (4,898 ft) in height and in the year 1980 it covered an area of approximately 595 km2 (230 sq mi). The icecap of the glacier covers an active volcano called Katla. The caldera of the volcano has a diameter of 10 km (6 mi) and the volcano erupts usually every 40–80 years. The last eruption took place in 1918. Scientists are actively monitoring the volcano, particularly after the eruption of nearby Eyjafjallajökull began in April 2010. Since the year 930, 16 eruptions have been documented. The Eldgjá, a volcanic eruption fissure about 30 km (19 mi) long, which erupted in the year 936, is part of the same volcanic system. Before the Hringvegur (the main ring road round the island) was built, people feared traversing the plains in front of the volcano because of the frequent jökulhlaups (glacial floods) and the deep rivers to be crossed, although the road is still vulnerable to major events. Especially dangerous was the glacial flood after the eruption of 1918 when the coastline was extended by 5 km (3.1 mi) by laharic flood deposits. Mýrdalsjökull is an exceedingly wet location, with models suggesting it receives more than 10 metres of precipitation annually.","What: an ice cap Country: Iceland rain or snow per year: 10 meters annually",information_extraction "Based on this paragraph, why was Jake released from prison?","Jesus Shuttlesworth, the top high-school basketball player in the United States, is being pursued by the top college basketball programs in the nation. His father, Jake, is a convicted felon serving time at Attica Correctional Facility for accidentally killing his wife, Martha, Jesus' mother, six years earlier. Jake is granted a work release by the governor, an influential alumnus of ""Big State,"" one of the colleges Jesus is considering, so that he might persuade his son to sign with Big State. If successful, he'll get an early release from prison. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He_Got_Game",Jake was released from prison to try to help convince his son to play basketball for the governor's alma mater.,closed_qa "In the field of economics, what is considered a monopoly?",,A monopoly is when a single company or individual has a dominant position in a market and can freely raise prices without risk of losing customers to competing products. Monopolies are generally discouraged as they reduce competition.,open_qa As per WHO Marburg Virus Disease(MVD) is a severe often fatal haemorrhagic fever it was earlier known as,,Marburg Haemorrhagic Fever,open_qa In Casablanca what is the name of the nightclub,,Rick's,open_qa What is a credit card?,,"A credit card is small card made out of plastic with numbers, codes and customer data embossed on it issued by banks and credit card companies. They enable people who have them to purchase goods and services using money that has been lended as credit to the person who has the credit card. After purchases are made the credit card holder is responsible for a minimum monthly payment for the lended money that was spend to pay for goods.",open_qa Which MTV show featured Jenny McCarthy hosting a dating show?,,Singled Out,open_qa Why Linux fails as a desktop?,,"Linux has been criticized for a number of reasons, including lack of user-friendliness and having a steep learning curve, being inadequate for desktop use, lacking support for some hardware, having a relatively small games library, lacking native versions of widely used applications.",open_qa Why do some countries outperform other countries in certain sports despite having a smaller population?,,"A country's success in a given sport at the international level will depend on a number of factors other than population alone. While a country's population is a good identifier for the total selection pool for high performing athletes to come from, it is one of many factors. A country's founding history, climate zone, and GDP are other notable factors in sport performance. A nations history plays factor as many sports are baked in centuries of tradition. For example, Cricket, which is believed to have originated in England is most popular in countries that were originally British Colonies. Long traditions such as this set specific sports into the culture of a nation, increasing the percentage of the athlete pool that it can pull from and can increase the level at which that nation is competitive. Climate zone can also influence the competitiveness of a country in given sports. Norway, fore example, earned the most olympic medals of any country in the 2022 olympic games with a total of 37 medals. In the summer games of 2020 (held in 2021), Norway ranked 20th overall with just 8 medals. Norways Climate and Topography have led winter sports to be extremely popular, and Norway has over time developed elite programs in cross country/nordic skiing, speed skating, curling, biathlon, and ski jumping. A nations wealth will also influence performance in sport at the international level. This occurs predominantly for two reasons. First is that more money enables larger budgets on equipment, coaching, player development, participation in international circuits, data insights, medical staff etc. that over time create a performance separation from those who can not afford these things. Second is access to sports, many sports are quite expensive some examples include snow sports, gymnastics, swimming, hockey, and polo. Nations which can not afford to provide the facilities or support to develop athletes will often fail to draw a large talent pool and not be competitive at the international level.",brainstorming In France if you were served le miel what would you eat,,Honey,open_qa "Tell me which of the following objects are shaped like spheres: beach ball, banana, pencil, marble, credit card.",,Objects shaped like spheres include: beach ball and marble.,classification Name some famous teams in the Premier League,,"Manchester United, Manchester City, Arsenal, Liverpool, Chelsea, Hotspur, etc",open_qa Can you extract the different types of salts and sugars listed in the below text and show them as a bulleted list.,"In consumer marketing, it is difficult to find examples of undifferentiated approaches. Even goods such as salt and sugar, which were once treated as commodities, are now highly differentiated. Consumers can purchase a variety of salt products; cooking salt, table salt, sea salt, rock salt, kosher salt, mineral salt, herbal or vegetable salts, iodized salt, salt substitutes, and many more. Sugar also comes in many different types - cane sugar, beet sugar, raw sugar, white refined sugar, brown sugar, caster sugar, sugar lumps, icing sugar (also known as milled sugar), sugar syrup, invert sugar, and a plethora of sugar substitutes including smart sugar which is essentially a blend of pure sugar and a sugar substitute. Each of these product types is designed to meet the needs of specific market segments. Invert sugar and sugar syrups, for example, are marketed to food manufacturers where they are used in the production of conserves, chocolate, and baked goods. Sugars marketed to consumers appeal to different usage segments – refined sugar is primarily for use on the table, while caster sugar and icing sugar are primarily designed for use in home-baked goods.","Here are the different types of salts and sugars mentioned in the text: 1. Salts: cooking salt, table salt, sea salt, rock salt, kosher salt, mineral salt, herbal or vegetable salts, iodized salt, salt substitutes 2. Sugars: cane sugar, beet sugar, raw sugar, white refined sugar, brown sugar, caster sugar, sugar lumps, icing sugar (also known as milled sugar), sugar syrup, invert sugar",information_extraction "Given these paragraphs about Large language models, what is an LLM?","A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks. Properties Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design. Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to ""memorize"" a great quantity of facts during training. Hallucinations Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence) In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a ""hallucination"" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data. Emergent abilities On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities. Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called ""emergent abilities"". Researchers note that such abilities ""cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models"". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs. Architecture and training Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or ""filling in the blanks"", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus. The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens. LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million. A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters). Application to downstream tasks Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via ""prompting"" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions. Fine-tuning Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning) Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be ""frozen"", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen). Prompting See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing) In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In ""few-shot prompting"", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows: Review: This movie stinks. Sentiment: negative Review: This movie is fantastic! Sentiment: If the model outputs ""positive"", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be ""The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is"". Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering. Instruction tuning Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt ""Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet."" might provide a completion such as ""A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17."" In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, ""self-instruct"", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model","A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning.",closed_qa 8 Simple Ways to Adopt a Healthy and sustainable Eating Pattern,,"Include more whole foods in Diet Try to avoid crash diet Get Professional help in beginning Include and surround yourself with healthy foods Include healthy snack and carry it with you Plan alternative before going out Monitor yourself your progress and be patient Break old Habits one at a time",brainstorming What is Visual Basic?,,"Visual Basic (VB), originally called Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET), is a multi-paradigm, object-oriented programming language, implemented on .NET, Mono, and the .NET Framework. Microsoft launched VB.NET in 2002 as the successor to its original Visual Basic language, the last version of which was Visual Basic 6.0. Although the "".NET"" portion of the name was dropped in 2005, this article uses ""Visual Basic [.NET]"" to refer to all Visual Basic languages released since 2002, in order to distinguish between them and the classic Visual Basic. Along with C# and F#, it is one of the three main languages targeting the .NET ecosystem. Microsoft updated its VB language strategy on 6 Feb 2023 stating that VB is a stable language now and Microsoft will keep maintaining it.",open_qa "Classify each of these as a cereal grain or legume: wheat, lentils, chickpeas, rye, corn, soybeans, peas, millet",,"Cereal grains: Wheat, rye, corn, millet Legumes: Lentils, chickpeas, soybeans, peas",classification When was hailstorm island first photographed given this text,"Hailstorm Island is a rocky island, 0.5 kilometres (0.25 nmi) long, between Cameron Island and the east end of Burnett Island in the central part of the Swain Islands, Antarctica. It was first roughly mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and included in a 1957 survey of the Swain Islands by Wilkes Station personnel under Carl R. Eklund. It was named by Eklund for Radioman Kenneth J. Hailstorm, U.S. Navy, a Naval support force member of the 1957 wintering party at Wilkes Station during the International Geophysical Year.",1946,closed_qa Where is the Black Strait Lake,"The Garabogazköl (also spelt Kara-Bogaz-Gol; ""Black Strait Lake""), or Garabogazköl Aylagy (""Black Strait Lake Bay""), is a shallow, water-filled, highly-saline depression in the northwestern corner of Turkmenistan. It forms a lagoon of the Caspian Sea and has a variable surface area, about 18,000 km2 (6,900 sq mi). The Caspian Sea proper sits immediately to the west, mostly divorced by a narrow, rocky ridge having a very narrow opening through which the Caspian waters flow, overwhelmingly, into it. There is likely to be a subterranean highly saline flow, only when there is less evaporation in winter, as in the case of the Turkish Straits year-round. The lagoon's volume fluctuates seasonally, accentuated by its salt evaporation ponds and natural counterpart surrounding, seasonally dry salt pans. The city of Garabogaz (formerly Bekdaş) lies on the ridge, about 50 km (31 mi) north of the channel between the main Caspian basin and the Garabogazköl lagoon. It has a population of about 10,000 people.","The Garabogazkoel (also spelt Kara-Bogaz-Gol; ""Black Strait Lake""), or Garabogazkoel Aylagy (""Black Strait Lake Bay""), is a shallow, water-filled, highly-saline depression in the northwestern corner of Turkmenistan. It forms a lagoon of the Caspian Sea and has a variable surface area, about 18,000 km2 (6,900 sq mi).",summarization "What is the book ""The Sun Also Rises"" about?","The Sun Also Rises is a 1926 novel by American writer Ernest Hemingway, his first, that portrays American and British expatriates who travel from Paris to the Festival of San Fermín in Pamplona to watch the running of the bulls and the bullfights. An early modernist novel, it received mixed reviews upon publication. Hemingway biographer Jeffrey Meyers writes that it is now ""recognized as Hemingway's greatest work"" and Hemingway scholar Linda Wagner-Martin calls it his most important novel. The novel was published in the United States in October 1926 by Scribner's. A year later, Jonathan Cape published the novel in London under the title Fiesta. It remains in print. The novel is a roman à clef: the characters are based on people in Hemingway's circle and the action is based on events, particularly Hemingway's life in Paris in the 1920s and a trip to Spain in 1925 for the Pamplona festival and fishing in the Pyrenees. Hemingway presents his notion that the ""Lost Generation""—considered to have been decadent, dissolute and irretrievably damaged by World War I—was in fact resilient and strong. Hemingway investigates the themes of love and death, the revivifying power of nature and the concept of masculinity. His spare writing style, combined with his restrained use of description to convey characterizations and action, demonstrates his ""Iceberg Theory"" of writing.","The Sun Also Rises is a book based on people Hemingway knew from his life in Paris, fishing in the Pyrenees, and a trip to the Pamplona festival in Spain.",summarization Who was given the Booker Prize 2020?,,Douglas Stuart,open_qa What are the reasons why quantum theory is considered do difficult to understand,,"1. There is not one agreed set of basic rules (axioms) that underpin the theory and each has subtle implications on how you interpret the theory 2. For each of those there are multiple views and mathematical frameworks for describing the theory (e.g. the wave mechanics, field theories, etc) 3. The mathematical theories are all at an advanced level and few examples of how to actually apply them appear in text books. 4. The theory itself says that you cannot know the intermediate steps in any quantum process, you can know where you start and predict where you might end up but not how you get form one to the other. 5. The theory is based on either infinitely parallel actions occurring deterministically or statistical interpretation of a range of outcomes 6. All of these interactions occur without direct reference to space/time and so are in abstract spaces that need to be decided for the calculation and physically interpreted",brainstorming "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Boomwhacker, Ukelin",,"Boomwhacker is percussion, Ukelin is string.",classification How to make Indian Lemonade?,"In India and Pakistan, where it is commonly known as nimbu paani, and in Bangladesh, lemonades may also contain salt and/or ginger juice. Shikanjvi is a traditional lemonade from this region, and can also be flavored with saffron, cumin and other spices.","Lemonade is typically made with sugar, lemons and water. The Indian version, commonly known as nimbu paani, is made a bit differently. Ingredients - 1 lime's juice - 2 teaspoons granulated sugar - 1 teaspoons black salt - 1 teaspoon cumin powder (optional) - Ice (optional and as needed) - 1 cup water or sparking water or soda water Mix ingredient together and stir for 10-15 seconds in a glass Some tips - If you don't have granulated sugar, you can use simple syrup - You may add some crushed mint leaves",closed_qa "Tell me whether these are rivers or oceans: Nile, Amazon, Ganges, Hudson, Rhine",,These are rivers.,classification Explain in few words how traditional exploratory data analysis (in statistics) is different from machine learning?,,"An important general difference in the focus and purpose between machine learning and the traditional Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is that machine learning is more oriented towards applications than explaining the basic nature of the underlying phenomena. Machine Learning is relatively less concerned with identifying the specific relations between the involved variables. For example, uncovering the nature of the underlying functions or the specific types of interactive, multivariate dependencies between variables are not the main goal of machine learning. Instead, the focus is on producing a solution that can generate useful predictions. Machine Learning accepts among others a ""black box"" type approach to data exploration or knowledge discovery and uses not only the traditional Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) techniques, but also such techniques as Neural Networks which can generate valid predictions but are not capable of identifying the specific nature of the interrelations between the variables on which the predictions are based.",open_qa "The paper ""Attention is all you need"" proposed the Transformer model for the first time, which had a profound impact on the subsequent LLM. Please give the main core idea of Transformer described in this paper","A transformer is a deep learning model that adopts the mechanism of self-attention, differentially weighting the significance of each part of the input data. It is used primarily in the fields of natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV). Like recurrent neural networks (RNNs), transformers are designed to process sequential input data, such as natural language, with applications towards tasks such as translation and text summarization. However, unlike RNNs, transformers process the entire input all at once. The attention mechanism provides context for any position in the input sequence. For example, if the input data is a natural language sentence, the transformer does not have to process one word at a time. This allows for more parallelization than RNNs and therefore reduces training times. Transformers were introduced in 2017 by a team at Google Brain and are increasingly becoming the model of choice for NLP problems, replacing RNN models such as long short-term memory (LSTM). The additional training parallelization allows training on larger datasets. This led to the development of pretrained systems such as BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) and GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer), which were trained with large language datasets, such as the Wikipedia Corpus and Common Crawl, and can be fine-tuned for specific tasks.","This paper is by Vaswani, Ashish & Shazeer, Noam & Parmar, Niki & Uszkoreit, Jakob & Jones, Llion & Gomez, Aidan & Kaiser, Lukasz & Polosukhin, Illia. and published in 2017. It laid the foundation for the subsequent GPT series of models and BERT series of models. The GPT model uses the decoder part of Transfomer, while the BERT model uses the encoder part of Transfomer. The main core architecture of the Transformer model includes: Self-Attention Mechanism, Positional Encoding, Encoder-Decoder Architecture, Multi-Head Attension. Transformer effectively solves the difficult parallel problem of the previous RNN/LSTM model by using the Attention mechanism. Using Self-Attention solves the problem of limited labeled data in NLP. The sequence information in the input text is preserved through Positional Encoding. And Multi-Head Attention allows Transformer to learn different patterns of training data similar to Channel concept in CNN model.",summarization Summarise the ways an employer can find workers using the given text as a reference,"The main ways for employers to find workers and for people to find employers are via jobs listings in newspapers (via classified advertising) and online, also called job boards. Employers and job seekers also often find each other via professional recruitment consultants which receive a commission from the employer to find, screen and select suitable candidates. However, a study has shown that such consultants may not be reliable when they fail to use established principles in selecting employees. A more traditional approach is with a ""Help Wanted"" sign in the establishment (usually hung on a window or door or placed on a store counter). Evaluating different employees can be quite laborious but setting up different techniques to analyze their skills to measure their talents within the field can be best through assessments. Employer and potential employee commonly take the additional step of getting to know each other through the process of a job interview.","1. Job listing in newspapers through classified advertising. 2. Posting Job listings online (Job Boards) . 3. Through Recruitment consultants who takes a commission from the employer to find, screen and select suitable candidates. 4. By displaying a 'Help Wanted' sign in the establishment near a window or door or on the reception.",summarization "Based on the following paragraph, list the Himalayan peaks that were surveyed and identified during the 19th century.","In 1802, the British began the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India to fix the locations, heights, and names of the world's highest mountains. Starting in southern India, the survey teams moved northward using giant theodolites, each weighing 500 kg (1,100 lb) and requiring 12 men to carry, to measure heights as accurately as possible. They reached the Himalayan foothills by the 1830s, but Nepal was unwilling to allow the British to enter the country due to suspicions of their intentions. Several requests by the surveyors to enter Nepal were denied. The British were forced to continue their observations from Terai, a region south of Nepal which is parallel to the Himalayas. Conditions in Terai were difficult because of torrential rains and malaria. Three survey officers died from malaria while two others had to retire because of failing health. Nonetheless, in 1847, the British continued the survey and began detailed observations of the Himalayan peaks from observation stations up to 240 km (150 mi) distant. Weather restricted work to the last three months of the year. In November 1847, Andrew Waugh, the British Surveyor General of India, made several observations from the Sawajpore station at the east end of the Himalayas. Kangchenjunga was then considered the highest peak in the world, and with interest, he noted a peak beyond it, about 230 km (140 mi) away. John Armstrong, one of Waugh's subordinates, also saw the peak from a site farther west and called it peak ""b"". Waugh would later write that the observations indicated that peak ""b"" was higher than Kangchenjunga, but given the great distance of the observations, closer observations were required for verification. The following year, Waugh sent a survey official back to Terai to make closer observations of peak ""b"", but clouds thwarted his attempts. In 1849, Waugh dispatched James Nicolson to the area, who made two observations from Jirol, 190 km (120 mi) away. Nicolson then took the largest theodolite and headed east, obtaining over 30 observations from five different locations, with the closest being 174 km (108 mi) from the peak. Nicolson retreated to Patna on the Ganges to perform the necessary calculations based on his observations. His raw data gave an average height of 9,200 m (30,200 ft) for peak ""b"", but this did not consider light refraction, which distorts heights. However, the number clearly indicated that peak ""b"" was higher than Kangchenjunga. Nicolson contracted malaria and was forced to return home without finishing his calculations. Michael Hennessy, one of Waugh's assistants, had begun designating peaks based on Roman numerals, with Kangchenjunga named Peak IX. Peak ""b"" now became known as Peak XV. In 1852, stationed at the survey headquarters in Dehradun, Radhanath Sikdar, an Indian mathematician and surveyor from Bengal was the first to identify Everest as the world's highest peak, using trigonometric calculations based on Nicolson's measurements. An official announcement that Peak XV was the highest was delayed for several years as the calculations were repeatedly verified. Waugh began work on Nicolson's data in 1854, and along with his staff spent almost two years working on the numbers, having to deal with the problems of light refraction, barometric pressure, and temperature over the vast distances of the observations. Finally, in March 1856 he announced his findings in a letter to his deputy in Calcutta. Kangchenjunga was declared to be 8,582 m (28,156 ft), while Peak XV was given the height of 8,840 m (29,002 ft). Waugh concluded that Peak XV was ""most probably the highest in the world"". Peak XV (measured in feet) was calculated to be exactly 29,000 ft (8,839.2 m) high, but was publicly declared to be 29,002 ft (8,839.8 m) in order to avoid the impression that an exact height of 29,000 feet (8,839.2 m) was nothing more than a rounded estimate. Waugh is sometimes playfully credited with being ""the first person to put two feet on top of Mount Everest"".",The peaks Kangchenjunga and Mount Everest in the Himalayan range were identified by surveys carried out in the 19th century.,summarization Write a brief about your recent vacation,,It was family time and no other place came to my mind for a relaxing time to be spent with family. The serene backwaters of the resort were the perfect destination to enjoy the long weekend. This was my daughter's first long drive and she enjoyed the outing and all the nearby vacation spots we visited. We enjoyed the tour and are looking forward to our next visit!,creative_writing How do you make the best shepherds pie?,,There are many ingredients that go into a shepherds pie. Using organic vegetables and meat is a great way to start. You can use either minced beef or lamb but I prefer beef. You will need to brown the meat and then add a shepherds pie seasoning mix. Once mixed add the combination to a baking dish. Next peel the potatoes and boil them for 20 minutes. Once boiled you will need to mash the potatoes and add milk and butter if you want them to be more creamy. Next steam carrots and peas and then add to the beef mixture. Top the mixture with the potatoes and cook for 30 minutes at 350 degrees. This is a great meal for a cold day!,creative_writing Which is heavier: 1kg of flour or 1kg of steel?,,"A kilogram (kg) is a unit of weight, so it doesn't matter what material is being weighed - a kilogram will always be equal to a kilogram. Therefore, both weigh the same.",open_qa "What are some must visit places in San Diego, CA?",,"San Diego is known as a sunny state and is one of those places in the US that receives most sun light through out the year. People from all over the US visit San Diego. Here are some must visit places in San Diego: - San Diego Zoo - Balboa Park - USS Midway Museum - Safari Park - Seaworld San Diego - Belmont Park",open_qa How does the time of sunrise vary from spring to summer?,"Although the Sun appears to ""rise"" from the horizon, it is actually the Earth's motion that causes the Sun to appear. The illusion of a moving Sun results from Earth observers being in a rotating reference frame; this apparent motion caused many cultures to have mythologies and religions built around the geocentric model, which prevailed until astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus formulated his heliocentric model in the 16th century. Astronomically, sunrise occurs for only an instant: the moment at which the upper limb of the Sun appears tangent to the horizon. However, the term sunrise commonly refers to periods of time both before and after this point: Twilight, the period in the morning during which the sky is brightening, but the Sun is not yet visible. The beginning of morning twilight is called astronomical dawn. The period after the Sun rises during which striking colors and atmospheric effects are still seen. The timing of sunrise varies throughout the year and is also affected by the viewer's latitude and longitude, altitude, and time zone. These changes are driven by the axial tilt of Earth, daily rotation of the Earth, the planet's movement in its annual elliptical orbit around the Sun, and the Earth and Moon's paired revolutions around each other. The analemma can be used to make approximate predictions of the time of sunrise. In late winter and spring, sunrise as seen from temperate latitudes occurs earlier each day, reaching its earliest time near the summer solstice; although the exact date varies by latitude. After this point, the time of sunrise gets later each day, reaching its latest sometime around the winter solstice. The offset between the dates of the solstice and the earliest or latest sunrise time is caused by the eccentricity of Earth's orbit and the tilt of its axis, and is described by the analemma, which can be used to predict the dates. Variations in atmospheric refraction can alter the time of sunrise by changing its apparent position. Near the poles, the time-of-day variation is exaggerated, since the Sun crosses the horizon at a very shallow angle and thus rises more slowly. Accounting for atmospheric refraction and measuring from the leading edge slightly increases the average duration of day relative to night. The sunrise equation, however, which is used to derive the time of sunrise and sunset, uses the Sun's physical center for calculation, neglecting atmospheric refraction and the non-zero angle subtended by the solar disc.","In late winter and spring, sunrise as seen from temperate latitudes occurs earlier each day, reaching its earliest time near the summer solstice; although the exact date varies by latitude. After this point, the time of sunrise gets later each day, reaching its latest sometime around the winter solstice.",information_extraction What are the names of the three largest United States Virgin Islands?,,"St. Croix, St. John, and St. Thomas.",open_qa "Imagine a world where life expectancy is fixed and the same for everyone at birth, yet people can engage in life expectancy ""donation"" – meaning that someone can extend your life three years longer at the expense of theirs. Talk about a likely scenario in this world that involves voluntary donation.",,"One voluntary donation involves donors and their loved ones. For example, children who wish to have more time with their parents could extend their parents' life expectancy at the expense of theirs. For loving spouses with different times of birth, the one who was born later could extend their partner's life so that they could pass away at the same time, without having to suffer the pain of losing the love of their life. If pets also have fixed life expectancy that is yet shorter than that of humans, the pet owners could also make such a donation willingly.",creative_writing What is a sonnet?,,"In the English language, a sonnet is a poem comprised of 14 lines. The most commonly known sonnets written by William Shakespeare contain 12 lines of iambic pentameter followed by a couplet. The couplet usually rhymes.",open_qa "Which part of the United States is known as the ""four corners"" area?",,"The term four corners applies to the area where Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Arizona come together.",open_qa Provide legal ways to pay less taxes in the USA.,,"The following are some legal ways to pay less taxes in the USA: 1. Make less money 2. Earn more money from capital gains than earned income 3. Invest more in tax advantaged accounts 4. Marry someone with significantly lower pay 5. Move to a location with less state and local taxes",brainstorming What is the gun culture in the United States?,"In the United States, gun culture encompasses the behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs about firearms and their usage by civilians. Gun ownership in the United States is the highest in the world, and constitutionally protected by the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution. Firearms are widely used in the United States for self-defense, hunting, and recreational uses, such as target shooting.","The United States has become a victim of its past as it relates to its gun culture. The 2nd Amendment was ratified in 1791, which at the time seemed appropriate given that the United States had just waged a war against England for its freedom. However, more than 200 years later, the 2nd Amendment no longer solely ties itself to its original intent: to protect itself and its people. The prevalence of guns in the United States has led to the United States having the highest gun ownership rates in the world. This in turn has resulted in many inexplicable acts of gun violence that have cost innocent lives and traumatized many.",summarization "here is a blurb about the 98th Illinois General Assembly, what were the notable laws that were passed?","The 98th General Assembly enacted a total of 1,175 bills into law. Notable among these was the Illinois Religious Freedom and Marriage Fairness Act, which removed legal barriers to same-sex marriage in Illinois. The House of Representatives passed the bill by a 61–54 vote on November 5, 2013, and the Senate passed it by a 32–21 vote. The governor signed the bill into law on November 20, and the law took effect on June 1, 2014. The General Assembly also passed the Illinois Bill of Rights for the Homeless, which made Illinois the second state to ban discrimination against the homeless. The General Assembly also passed the Firearm Concealed Carry Act (FCCA), a change to Illinois gun law that made Illinois the last state in the country to enact concealed carry. Passed over the governor's veto, the FCCA took effect ""mere hours before the seventh circuit's deadline"" in Moore v. Madigan. Late in the legislative session, the General Assembly passed a bill that changes the original Illinois wiretapping law adding that in order to commit a criminal offense, a person must be recording ""in a surreptitious manner"". On December 30, 2014, Governor Quinn signed the bill into law as Public Act 098-1142. The bill's sponsors, Elaine Nekritz and Kwame Raoul, claimed the law upholds the rights of citizens to record in public. The General Assembly approved five ballot measures for the 2014 Illinois general election, an unusually large number for the state, including three advisory referendums and two constitutional amendments. The constitutional amendments, Marsy's Law and the Illinois Right to Vote Amendment, both passed with the required 60% majority of the popular vote.","removing the legal barriers to same-sex marriage, banning discrimination against homeless people, conceal and carry firearms, and revising the wiretapping laws so that citizens can record in public.",closed_qa What are some common proteins in tacos?,,"Tacos can be filled with many types of proteins, such as chicken, ground meat, carnitas (shredded pork), carne asada (steak), fish, shrimp, tofu, black beans, refried beans, or lentils.",brainstorming Give me a list of free email service provider other than Gmail.,,"1. Outlook: It is offering from Microsoft, and is considered a powerful email service. It integrates with other Microsoft service ecosystem and used by large business enterprises. 2. Proton: Formerly called ProtonMail, has a unique offering when it comes to privacy protecting email service provided and hence has a very unique service offering. 3. Yahoo! Mail: Yahoo offers this very mature email service and has a lot of custom inbox and themes options. 4. Zoho Mail: Another email provider that provided fully encrypted data and privacy protection. On the top, it also provides a very easy to use email migration service.",brainstorming Think up some ways to pass the time on a long airplane flight.,,"Here are some ways to pass the time on an airplane flight: 1. Watch a TV show or a movie. Many subscription services allow downloading media for offline consumption. Alternatively, some airlines will offer complimentary movies and TV shows to watch. 2. Read a book. If you are using an e-reader, make sure to download books before the flight. 3. Listen to music or a podcast. Download your album or catch up on podcasts on your flight. This can help you relax until you arrive at your destination. 4. Sleep. This will pass the time quickly. If you have trouble sleeping in airplanes, consider using a travel pillow. This can also help energize you so you land ready for any activities you have planned.",brainstorming where is Shelburne?,,"Shelburne lies at the southwest corner of Nova Scotia, at roughly the same latitude as Portland, Maine in the United States. The Mi'kmaq call the large and well-sheltered harbour Logumkeegan or Sogumkeagum.",classification "According to the text below about UVA, name the UVA alumni that have won the Pulitzer Prize.","Rhodes Scholarships are international postgraduate awards given to students to study at the University of Oxford. Since the scholarship program began in 1904, UVA has had fifty-five Rhodes Scholars, the most of any university in the American South, eighth-most overall, and third-most outside the Ivy League (behind Stanford University and the United States Military Academy (West Point)). Eight NASA astronauts and launch directors are UVA alumni: Karl Gordon Henize, Bill Nelson, Thomas Marshburn, Leland Melvin, Jeff Wisoff, Kathryn Thornton, Patrick Forrester; and Michael Leinbach. The Pulitzer Prize has been awarded to eight UVA alumni: Edward P. Jones, Ron Suskind, Virginius Dabney, Claudia Emerson, Henry Taylor, Lane DeGregory, George Rodrigue, and Michael Vitez.","The Pulitzer Prize has been awarded to UVA alumni: Edward P. Jones, Ron Suskind, Virginius Dabney, Claudia Emerson, Henry Taylor, Lane DeGregory, George Rodrigue, and Michael Vitez.",closed_qa How long have musical instruments been in existence?,"The date and origin of the first device considered a musical instrument is disputed. The oldest object that some scholars refer to as a musical instrument, a simple flute, dates back as far as 50,000 - 60,000 years. Some consensus dates early flutes to about 40,000 years ago. However, most historians believe that determining a specific time of musical instrument invention is impossible, as many early musical instruments were made from animal skins, bone, wood, and other non-durable materials.","This depends on what is defined as a musical instrument. In very ancient civilizations humans likely used non-durable materials to create rhythm or music. These likely included animal skins, wood and other materials that long ago degraded with no remaining physical record. If one defines the first musical instrument as a device specifically made for the purpose of creating a musical melody, it is likely the simple flute. But there is debate about when the first flute was made, ranging from 40,000 to 60,000 years ago.",summarization "Which of the following are men scientists: Marie Curie, Elizabeth Blackwell, Jane Goodall, Rosalind Franklin, Ada Lovelace, Maria Mitchell, Archimedes, Albert Einstein, Ernest Rutherford, Alfred Nobel, Alexander Fleming, Michael Faraday, Niels Bohr, Stephen Hawking, Alan Turing.",,"Archimedes, Albert Einstein, Ernest Rutherford, Alfred Nobel, Alexander Fleming, Michael Faraday, Niels Bohr, Stephen Hawking, Alan Turing are scientists who are men.",classification What marks the change from prehistory to history?,,"The beginning of writing marks the end of prehistory and the beginning of history. This extraordinary human milestone is thought to have taken place in Sumer and Egypt about 5500 years ago, around 3500 BC. The Sumerians and Egyptians had to keep track of the number of crops and animals they grew because they became more settled and needed a more complex social structure. As technology improved, they also had to keep track of a larger number of crops and animals. Writing is one of the most extraordinary creations of mankind.",open_qa Create a dialogue between two characters discussing the impact of social media on their lives. Your dialogue should explore both the positive and negative effects of social media on society.,,"Person 1 (P1): I feel so anxious nowadays. Especially, when I open these social media apps. Person 2 (P2): Oh no, I am sorry to hear. I actually really enjoy these apps. They help me destress. P1: That is nice. I am glad it is working for you. I wonder if I am unable to cancel all this noise and the endless pressure does not help. I find myself comparing with other people on the platform; how they are vacationing while I am grinding at work or how they are able to run marathons and do pull ups while I am struggling to even climb 10 stairs P2: That is so true. I remember having this conversation with a friend of mine a few months ago. Then I figured, if I can follow pages that makes me feel good and if I interact with those pages more.. my feed will improve. It has worked well for me. You can actually use these platforms to keep yourself motivated. P1: That sounds motivating. I fear I might waste a lot of time on these. P2: That is a valid concern. I set up app timers to ensure I am not on it more than 20 minutes. May be try that? P2: I will try that!",creative_writing List me down some key aspects about windmills from given text.,"Wind-powered machines may have been known earlier, but there is no clear evidence of windmills before the 9th century. Hero of Alexandria (Heron) in first-century Roman Egypt described what appears to be a wind-driven wheel to power a machine. His description of a wind-powered organ is not a practical windmill but was either an early wind-powered toy or a design concept for a wind-powered machine that may or may not have been a working device, as there is ambiguity in the text and issues with the design. Another early example of a wind-driven wheel was the prayer wheel, which is believed to have been first used in Tibet and China, though there is uncertainty over the date of its first appearance, which could have been either c. 400, the 7th century, or after the 9th century.","1. Before 9th century there is no evidence of Windmills. 2. In first century roman Egypt , Heron described what is wind driven wheel to power machine. 3. As per the description given by him the wind-powered organ was either an early wind-powered toy or a design concept for a wind-powered machine that may or may not have been a working instrument. 4. One more early example(either the 7th century, or after the 9th century) of a wind-driven wheel was the prayer wheel, which was first used in Tibet and China.",summarization What is a kite?,,"A kite is a toy that can be be purchased in a store or a specialty shop. It is a craft that is lighter an air that is tied to a string that you can fly on wind currents. The kite has wings that react against the air to create lift enabling it to fly. You can fly a kite at a park or an open area, and you will want to make sure there are no power lines nearby to be safe when flying the kite.",open_qa How do I make good pour over coffee?,,"Start with a good pour over filter holder, preferably one made of borosilicate glass, and filters especially designed for pour over coffee, such as cone filters. Use a medium-coarse grind of coffee beans, and use filtered water instead of regular tap water. The recommended ratio for coffee to water is 1:15, which means for every 1 gram of coffee, use 15 grams of water. Pour the water over the ground coffee in a circular motion, with a first pour just wetting the coffee grounds, and a second pour slow and steady until to reach the correct ratio. Sip and enjoy.",creative_writing What is Angular?,,Angular is a JavaScript based platform for building web and mobile applications.,open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Sarcosuchus, Plains Bison",,"Sarcosuchus is extinct, Plains Bison is alive.",classification My computer won't start. How do I fix it?,,"First check that the computer is plugged in. If there's a switch on the power supply make sure the switch is in the on position. Check to see if the fans turn on when you hit the power button. If so, then the computer is likely getting power. Do you hear a beeping sound? That means the computer is successfully able to load the BIOS and you issue might be related to the installation of the OS. If you can't get to the BIOS, you may have a hardware issue with computer. Open the case and check for loose connections. Try reseating the ram. If that doesn't work you may have a short on the motherboard, which might need replacement.",brainstorming Why should you live in Florida?,,"Florida is a great place to live if you like the sun, warm days, spending time at the beach and enjoying a relaxing lifestyle. There are many things to do in Florida such as visiting Disney World, Universal Studios, The Kennedy Space Center or the many aquariums through the state. There are several amazing beaches throughout the state but one of my favorites is Siesta Key because of it's powder white sand that doesn't get hot. You do have to keep an eye out for Sting Rays but beyond that the gulf is great to swim in. There are things to do all day on Siesta key from the beach to the village with multiple restaurants and shops. The only requirement is to relax and enjoy the time you have in a laid back tropical atmosphere.",creative_writing What is the difference between check and checkmate?,"When a king is under immediate attack, it is said to be in check. A move in response to a check is legal only if it results in a position where the king is no longer in check. This can involve capturing the checking piece; interposing a piece between the checking piece and the king (which is possible only if the attacking piece is a queen, rook, or bishop and there is a square between it and the king); or moving the king to a square where it is not under attack. Castling is not a permissible response to a check. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent; this occurs when the opponent's king is in check, and there is no legal way to get it out of check. It is never legal for a player to make a move that puts or leaves the player's own king in check. In casual games, it is common to announce ""check"" when putting the opponent's king in check, but this is not required by the rules of chess and is usually not done in tournaments.","When a king is about to be captured in the next opponents move, then the king is in check. If the king cannot get out of check, then the king is checkmated and loses the game",information_extraction Name some famous 20th century Russian composers.,,"Sergei Rachmaninoff, Sergei Prokofiev, Dmitri Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov",open_qa Write a paragraph about AI governance.,,"The AI arms race is heating up, and breakthroughs are happening at an accelerating pace. The release of ChatGPT by OpenAI represents a profound leap forward in how humans interface with machines, showcasing the startling progress in large language models. Meanwhile generative AI capabilities such as Dall-E, Stable Diffusion, and Midjourney are able to generate highly realistic and detailed images from text descriptions, demonstrating a level of creativity and imagination that was once thought to be exclusively human. Humans seem fundamentally wired to continuously advance technology and improve our knowledge and capabilities. Also, the human brain tends to think linearly, causing us to underestimate the exponential progress of technology. Companies and nations are incentivized by market forces and geopolitical game theory to pursue better intelligence through the advancement of AI. The Future of Life Institute recently published Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter. The letter — with notable signatories including Elon Musk, Steve Wozniak and Andrew Yang — caused a stir, calling for a 6 month pause on advanced AI development: “Therefore, we call on all AI labs to immediately pause for at least 6 months the training of AI systems more powerful than GPT-4. This pause should be public and verifiable, and include all key actors. If such a pause cannot be enacted quickly, governments should step in and institute a moratorium.” Much of the media and public discourse in response to this letter has focused on who signed it and pushing back on the notion that humanity faces an imminent existential threat of artificial superintelligence. Dystopian claims of runaway artificial intelligence seem hyperbolic to many people, and calling for a 6 month moratorium is not realistic. Good luck convincing China to “pause” their efforts in the AI arms race. But are there no boundaries? Should we proceed with no guidelines? For example … Are we comfortable outsourcing decisions to black box AI systems that lack transparency and explainability, making it impossible for humans to understand the reasoning behind decisions? Should we be worried about the development of AI-powered autonomous weapons that make decisions about the use of lethal force without human input? Should we be worried about the potential for malicious actors to use AI for nefarious purposes, such as sophisticated propaganda campaigns? Are our current laws, regulations and political systems equipped to handle the rapid influx of new AI alignment questions that society will grapple with in the very near future? As AI becomes more advanced, it may become difficult to understand, which could lead to unintended outcomes. AI systems can behave in ways that are unforeseen and difficult to control. The AI alignment problem is a societal challenge that requires collaboration between researchers, engineers, entrepreneurs, policymakers, and the public. It will also require international cooperation between governments and the private sector. This is not just a technical challenge, but also a philosophical and ethical one. The open letter mentioned above goes on to recommend: “AI research and development should be refocused on making today’s powerful, state-of-the-art systems more accurate, safe, interpretable, transparent, robust, aligned, trustworthy, and loyal.” This is certainly a worthy goal, and it can be achieved by doing AI in the open. What we currently lack is a framework. Society needs a set of procedures and protocols to make the recommendation from The Future of Life Institute actionable. Jointly, we must consider and debate the pros and cons of many ideas, including but not limited to: Mandatory disclosure of model details, including training datasets, evaluation methodologies, and known biases Development of a framework that establishes model monitoring and audit requirements for advanced AI systems Implementation of laws that impose liability for AI-caused harm Establishment of a regulatory authority for oversight and tracking of highly capable AI systems The first step in achieving a productive framework for safe AI development is an open dialogue among the many stakeholders involved, which includes everyone. We must rise above the hyper-politicized discourse that our dishonest and broken media often forces upon us. This topic is too important and the ramifications are too profound. Join me in advocating for an intelligent and respectful conversation on AI — one that solicits input and open debate from a diverse set of voices to help ensure a path forward that is in our collective best interest.",creative_writing Will stock price go up or go down tomorrow?,,"It's not possible to predict the stock market. However, you probably will feel that the stocks going up are the ones you hesitated and didn't buy.",open_qa What were the top 3 best-selling PlayStation 2 video games?,,"Top 3 best-selling PlayStation 2 video games: Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas [17.33 million]; Gran Turismo 3: A-Spec [14.89 million]; Gran Turismo 4 [11.76 million].",brainstorming "Which of the following grapes are used to make white wine: Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Pinot Gris, Semillon, Gewurztraminer, Viognier, Chenin Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Pinot Noir, Zinfandel, Sangiovese, Grenache, Malbec.",,"White wines are typically made from Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Pinot Gris, Semillon, Gewurztraminer, Viognier, and Chenin Blanc. The rest of the grapes typically make red wine, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Pinot Noir, Zinfandel, Sangiovese, Grenache, and Malbec. Some red grapes can be used to make Rose, which is a red wine, that has been fermented for less time and typically served cold like a white wine, but comes from a red grape.",classification Give me a list of things to do when I feel cold,,"When you feel cold, you could try putting on a jacket, using a blanket, turning up the heating, making yourself some tea or another hot drink or starting a fire in the fireplace.",brainstorming What is digestion?,,Digestion is the break down of food after it has been eaten. It converts large food molecules into water soluble molecules. These smaller water soluble molecules can then be absorbed by blood plasma and used as energy within the human body's cells. The nutrients are also used for growth and tissue repair.,open_qa Give me different ways I can travel from one place to another,,"mode of transport can involve car, bus, cycle, airplane along with walk, run, swim, crawl and many more.",brainstorming "Write a paragraph to refute a claim by a colleague that ancient structures such as Stonehenge, the Great Pyramid are evidence of UFO activities on Earth",,"There are several strong arguments against concluding that alien races built the structures like the Stonehenge or the Pyramids. First, there is evidence that these magnificent structures were built by humans. For example, tombs of the pyramid builders were found in the vicinity of the Great Pyramind (with human remains!). The technology to move and assemble the massive stones of the Stonehenge has been shown to be available to humans at that time. Second, given that space is vast the chance of finding one tiny planet among billions is infinitesimal. If alien intelligence had indeed found our one inhabited planet they are unlikely to have just created couple of structures and avoided any further contact with Earth and its inhabitants. In science, Occam’s Razor (“the best explanation is the simplest one”) is a guiding principle and until there is much more evidence of alien visitation it would be inadvisable to jump to a conclusion that aliens built these structures.",creative_writing What was the first American college rowing club?,"Modern rowing as a competitive sport can be traced to the early 17th century when professional watermen held races (regattas) on the River Thames in London, England. Often prizes were offered by the London Guilds and Livery Companies. Amateur competition began towards the end of the 18th century with the arrival of ""boat clubs"" at British public schools. Similarly, clubs were formed at colleges within Oxford and Cambridge in the early nineteenth century. Public rowing clubs were beginning at the same time in England, Germany, and the United States. The first American college rowing club was formed in 1843 at Yale College.",The first American college rowing club was founded at Yale College in 1843/,summarization Extract the names of the cities where UNESCO has field offices in Asia and Pacific. Separate them with a semi-colon,"Field offices by region The following list of all UNESCO Field Offices is organized geographically by UNESCO Region and identifies the members states and associate members of UNESCO which are served by each office. Africa Abidjan – National Office to Côte d'Ivoire Abuja – National Office to Nigeria Accra – Cluster Office for Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Togo Addis Ababa – Liaison Office with the African Union and with the Economic Commission for Africa Bamako – Cluster Office for Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali and Niger Brazzaville – National Office to the Republic of the Congo Bujumbura – National Office to Burundi Dakar – Regional Bureau for Education in Africa and Cluster Office for Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, and Senegal Dar es Salaam – Cluster Office for Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and Tanzania Harare – Cluster Office for Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe Juba – National Office to South Sudan Kinshasa – National Office to the Democratic Republic of the Congo Libreville – Cluster Office for the Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and São Tomé and Príncipe Maputo – National Office to Mozambique Nairobi – Regional Bureau for Sciences in Africa and Cluster Office for Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan and Uganda Windhoek – National Office to Namibia Yaoundé – Cluster Office to Cameroon, Central African Republic and Chad Arab States Amman – National Office to Jordan Beirut – Regional Bureau for Education in the Arab States and Cluster Office to Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Iraq and Palestine Cairo – Regional Bureau for Sciences in the Arab States and Cluster Office for Egypt and Sudan Doha – Cluster Office to Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen Iraq – National Office for Iraq (currently located in Amman, Jordan) Khartoum – National Office to Sudan Manama – Arab Regional Centre for World Heritage Rabat – Cluster Office to Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia Ramallah – National Office to the Palestinian Territories Asia and Pacific See also: UNESCO Asia Pacific Heritage Awards Almaty – Cluster Office to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan Apia – Cluster Office to Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and Tokelau (Associate Member) Bangkok – Regional Bureau for Education in Asia and the Pacific and Cluster Office to Thailand, Burma, Laos, Singapore and Vietnam Beijing – Cluster Office to North Korea, Japan, Mongolia, the People's Republic of China and South Korea Dhaka – National Office to Bangladesh Hanoi – National Office to Vietnam Islamabad – National Office to Pakistan Jakarta – Regional Bureau for Sciences in Asia and the Pacific and Cluster Office to the Philippines, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and East Timor Manila – National Office to the Philippines Kabul – National Office to Afghanistan Kathmandu – National Office to Nepal New Delhi – Cluster Office to Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives and Sri Lanka Phnom Penh – National Office to Cambodia Tashkent – National Office to Uzbekistan Tehran – Cluster Office to Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan and Turkmenistan Europe and North America Brussels – Liaison Office to the European Union and its subsidiary bodies in Brussels Geneva – Liaison Office to the United Nations in Geneva New York City – Liaison Office to the United Nations in New York Venice – Regional Bureau for Sciences and Culture in Europe Latin America and the Caribbean Carondelet Palace, Presidential Palace – with changing of the guards. The Historic Center of Quito, Ecuador, is one of the largest, least-altered and best-preserved historic centres in the Americas. This centre was, together with the historic centre of Kraków in Poland, the first to be declared World Heritage Site by UNESCO on 18 September 1978. Brasília – National Office to Brazil Guatemala City – National Office to Guatemala Havana – Regional Bureau for Culture in Latin America and the Caribbean and Cluster Office to Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti and Aruba Kingston – Cluster Office to Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago as well as the associate member states of British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Curaçao and Sint Maarten Lima – National Office to Peru Mexico City – National Office to Mexico Montevideo – Regional Bureau for Sciences in Latin America and the Caribbean and Cluster Office to Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay Port-au-Prince – National Office to Haiti Quito – Cluster Office to Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela San José – Cluster Office to Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua and Panama Santiago de Chile – Regional Bureau for Education in Latin America and the Caribbean and National Office to Chile",Almaty; Apia; Bangkok; Beijing; Dhaka; Hanoi; Islamabad; Jakarta; Manila; Kabul; Kathmandu; New Delhi; Phnom Penh; Tashkent; Tehran,information_extraction "Given a reference text about the Annapurna Post, tell me when it launched its online news portal and when it became successful.","Annapurna Post (Nepali: अन्नपुर्ण पोस्ट) is a daily broadsheet newspaper published in Nepal. It started printing in 2002 and launched its online news portal in 2013 by Annapurna Media Network, which also owns The Annapurna Express, AP1 TV and Radio Annapurna Nepal. By the 4 April 2014, its online news portal was listed among 10 most visited news portal in Nepal. It also launched its own mobile news app by 2018. In the annual newspaper classification report 2073/2074 BS by Press Council Nepal, this newspaper was categorized in the A category, the second highest possible rank below A+.","Annapurna Post launched its online news portal in 2013. By April 2014, it became among the 10 most visited news portals in Nepal.",closed_qa Where should I live in Indiana?,,"There are many great places to live in Indiana. It depends on what is most important to you. If living near a body of water is important to you, you may want to look in northern Indiana near many lakes and Lake Michigan. If great schools are important to you, you might want to look at Zionsville, Indiana. This city has the best public school system in the state. Lastly, if you want to live near a college campus, you might enjoy a town like Bloomington or West Lafayette to be near Indiana University or Purdue University, respectively.",creative_writing Prove pythagoras theorem.,,"There is a geometrical proof that if we square the hypotenuse, it equals the sum of the squares of the sides of a triangle. The sum of the areas of the two squares on the legs (a and b) equals the area of the square on the hypotenuse (c). Symbolic statement a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}",brainstorming What should I expect from modern Data and AI Platform?,,"Improved Business Outcomes Single repository for traditional and alternative data sources results in quick and easy to locate data and visualize data. User friendly interface for SQL, Python, R, Java, and Scala users for data cleaning, data enrichment and feature engineering. Easy to collaborate in data & AI lifecycle with data preparation, model development, model validation, model implementation, model execution, and model performance monitoring in a single platform. Optimized and Well Governed Processes Simple governance and security with one place to define controls on data tables/files, data pipelines, models and dashboards. Simplifies business and IT processes with a single platform to achieve all required use cases. Time-to-Market and ROI High-performance computing results in faster data preparation, analytics and AI. Well integrated platform with automations significantly reduces model calibration to decisioning. Higher return on investment with improved business efficiency, and lower operational cost. Competitive Imperative Outcompete competitors by providing advanced models that can help financial institutions increase revenue. Provide digital experience to your customer.",brainstorming "Classify the below as food or drinks. Fish, Meat, Salad, Apple, Lemonade, Coffee, Tea",,"Food - Fish, Meat, Salad, Apple Drinks - Lemonade, Coffee, Tea",classification Why is standard guitar tuning EADGBE?,,"The standard guitar tuning of EADGBE offers consistency and convenience. The interval between each successive pair of strings is a perfect fourth, except the major third interval between G and B, making some figures and phrases 'translate' horizontally across the neck. The perfect fourth interval helps avoid long finger stretches in comparison to the perfect fifth intervals on smaller instruments like the violin. The introduction of a major third between G and B means that the total interval between 1st and 6th string is 24 semitones, or 2 octaves, making the open guitar strings fall more easily into chords, aiding fretting of basic chords with fewer fingers.",open_qa Who is Pearl Jam?,"Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1990. The band's lineup consists of founding members Jeff Ament (bass guitar), Stone Gossard (rhythm guitar), Mike McCready (lead guitar), and Eddie Vedder (lead vocals, guitar), as well as Matt Cameron (drums), who joined in 1998. Keyboardist Boom Gaspar has also been a touring/session member with the band since 2002.","Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1990. The band's lineup consists of founding members Jeff Ament (bass guitar), Stone Gossard (rhythm guitar), Mike McCready (lead guitar), and Eddie Vedder (lead vocals, guitar), as well as Matt Cameron (drums), who joined in 1998. Keyboardist Boom Gaspar has also been a touring/session member with the band since 2002. Drummers Jack Irons, Dave Krusen, Matt Chamberlain, and Dave Abbruzzese are former members of the band. Pearl Jam outsold many of their contemporaries from the early 1990s, and are considered one of the most influential bands of the decade, being dubbed as ""the most popular American rock and roll band of the '90s"". Formed after the demise of Gossard and Ament's previous band, Mother Love Bone, Pearl Jam broke into the mainstream with their debut album, Ten, in 1991. Ten stayed on the Billboard 200 chart for nearly five years, and has gone on to become one of the highest-selling rock records ever, going 13× platinum in the United States. Released in 1993, Pearl Jam's second album, Vs., sold over 950,000 copies in its first week of release, setting the record for most copies of an album sold in its first week of release at the time. Their third album, Vitalogy (1994), became the second-fastest-selling CD in history at the time, with more than 877,000 units sold in its first week. One of the key bands in the grunge movement of the early 1990s, Pearl Jam's members often shunned popular music industry practices such as making music videos or participating in interviews. The band also sued Ticketmaster, claiming it had monopolized the concert-ticket market. In 2006, Rolling Stone described the band as having ""spent much of the past decade deliberately tearing apart their own fame."" Pearl Jam had sold more than 85 million albums worldwide by 2018, including nearly 32 million albums in the United States by 2012, making them one of the best-selling bands of all time. Pearl Jam was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2017 in its first year of eligibility. They were ranked eighth in a readers' poll by Rolling Stone magazine in its ""Top Ten Live Acts of All Time"" issue. Throughout its career, the band has also promoted wider social and political issues, from pro-abortion rights sentiments to opposition to George W. Bush's presidency. Vedder acts as the band's spokesman on these issues.",information_extraction "Given this paragraph about Arlington Virginia, how many elementary schools are there in the county's public education system?","Arlington Public Schools operates the county's public K-12 education system of 22 elementary schools; 6 middle schools (Dorothy Hamm Middle School, Gunston Middle School, Kenmore Middle School, Swanson Middle School, Thomas Jefferson Middle School, and Williamsburg Middle School); and 3 public high schools (Wakefield High School, Washington-Liberty High School, and Yorktown High School). H-B Woodlawn and Arlington Tech are alternative public schools. Arlington County spends about half of its local revenues on education. For the FY2013 budget, 83 percent of funding was from local revenues, and 12 percent from the state. Per pupil expenditures are expected to average $18,700, well above its neighbors, Fairfax County ($13,600) and Montgomery County ($14,900).",There are 22 elementary schools in the Arlington public education system.,closed_qa "Which of the following items are for little kids? toy, car, airplane, diaper, sippy cup, computer, lighter, onesie, and microwave.",,"Toy, diaper, sippy cup, and onesie.",classification Do we live in a simulation? Argue both sides,,"We do not know if we live in a simulation. Both sides of the argument have their merits and shortcomings. On the one hand, it is possible that we are living in a simulation, as it could explain certain aspects of the universe that are not easily explained otherwise. On the other hand, it could be that we are not living in a simulation, as there is no evidence to support this claim. Ultimately, it is up to us to decide what we believe.",creative_writing Compose a rhyming toast to getting together with old friends,,"Back together once again we are, Though we now live near and far. Time has passed and we are still friends, This is not where our story ends.",creative_writing "Based on the below Wikipedia content, what is OLTP?","From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In online transaction processing (OLTP), information systems typically facilitate and manage transaction-oriented applications. This is contrasted with online analytical processing. The term ""transaction"" can have two different meanings, both of which might apply: in the realm of computers or database transactions it denotes an atomic change of state, whereas in the realm of business or finance, the term typically denotes an exchange of economic entities (as used by, e.g., Transaction Processing Performance Council or commercial transactions.): 50  OLTP may use transactions of the first type to record transactions of the second. OLTP has also been used to refer to processing in which the system responds immediately to user requests. An automated teller machine (ATM) for a bank is an example of a commercial transaction processing application. Online transaction processing applications have high throughput and are insert- or update-intensive in database management. These applications are used concurrently by hundreds of users. The key goals of OLTP applications are availability, speed, concurrency and recoverability (durability). Reduced paper trails and the faster, more accurate forecast for revenues and expenses are both examples of how OLTP makes things simpler for businesses. However, like many modern online information technology solutions, some systems require offline maintenance, which further affects the cost-benefit analysis of an online transaction processing system. OLTP is typically contrasted to OLAP (online analytical processing), which is generally characterized by much more complex queries, in a smaller volume, for the purpose of business intelligence or reporting rather than to process transactions. Whereas OLTP systems process all kinds of queries (read, insert, update and delete), OLAP is generally optimized for read only and might not even support other kinds of queries. OLTP also operates differently from batch processing and grid computing.: 15  In addition, OLTP is often contrasted to OLEP (online event processing), which is based on distributed event logs to offer strong consistency in large-scale heterogeneous systems. Whereas OLTP is associated with short atomic transactions, OLEP allows for more flexible distribution patterns and higher scalability, but with increased latency and without guaranteed upper bound to the processing time.","OLTP stands for ""online transaction processing"" and refers to information systems that process transactional data. The applications generating such data often require a high volume of transactions -- such as being used concurrently by hundreds of users. An example of a commercial transaction processing application is an automated teller machine (ATM). OLTP is often contrasted with OLAP (online analytical processing) which is typically characterized by more complex queries but with much smaller volume (for example, for business intelligence reporting).",summarization What are some necessary equipment for camping?,,"The equipment needed for camping can vary considerably depending on the kind of camping one is planning on doing. Here are some things that are commonly needed for camping comfortably: 1. A shelter, like a tent. 2. Sleeping bag 3. Sleeping pad or mattress 4. Camp lights 5. Camp kitchen utensils 6. A stove 7. Cutlery 8. Firewood 9. Clean drinking water, or water filters 10. A camp cooler",brainstorming What are key facts that characterize the country of Canada?,"Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline. It is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. The country is sparsely inhabited, with the vast majority residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.","Canada is in North America and has ten provinces organized in three territories. It boarders three oceans including the Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic. Although it is one of the largest countries by land mass, its population is sparse.",summarization Extract the destination countries of the Madeira diaspora from the text. Separate them with a comma.,"Madeirans migrated to the United States, Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, South Africa and Trinidad and Tobago.","United States, Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago",information_extraction "Roslyn is 36 years of age, weighs 74 kg, is 165 cm tall, and has 35% body fat. Her father had a heart attack at age 68 and her brother had an angioplasty at age 40. Both are living and well. Her blood chemistry values measure total cholesterol at 195 mg% and HDL cholesterol at 42 mg%. Her fasting blood sugar is 105 mg%. Roslyn is sedentary and has engaged in no endurance training program since college. Brainstorm an appropriate exercise training program to help Roslyn improve her C-R (cardiorespiratory) fitness. Be sure to calculate a target heart rate range with corresponding RPE.",,"We can prescribe an exercise program through the lens of FITT: frequency, intensity, time, and type. For frequency, we should aim for 3-5 days per week, with the higher the better the improvements for C-R fitness. As for intensity, we want to aim for 60-90% HRR (heart rate recovery), anywhere from 4-8 RPE (rate of perceived exertion). Since Roslyn is 36 years of age, her predicted maximum heart rate is 184bpm, and we are given that her RHR (resting heart rate) is 64bpm. Thus, we’re aiming for a target heart rate range of 136 BPM to 172 BPM. For time, the duration depends on intensity, but optimally, we want to be working out for at least 20 minutes and at most an hour. As for the type of exercise, we can assess the options that are available and feasible for Roslyn to perform, and choose between weight-bearing exercises (such as walking or jogging) and non-weight-bearing exercises such as swimming or rowing. Another thing to consider is that Roslyn is sedentary, and may need to slowly progress into a more intense workout. A sample exercise training program for Roslyn may first start with a moderate-intensity aerobic activity for 30 minutes a day, three times a week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday). As she gets more acclimated to the exercise level, we want to progress to more vigorous exercise. According to David P. Swain, vigorous aerobic exercise may result in “substantially more benefits than moderate-intensity exercise”, which include but are not limited to greater improvements in aerobic fitness and greater reductions in coronary heart disease risk. Thus, we can add two more days of vigorous aerobic exercise for Roslyn, such as jogging for 20 minutes on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Another important aspect to consider is motivation, which we can help Roslyn maintain by switching up her forms of exercise to keep interest. For example, we can switch out jogging with cycling, or hiking hilly terrain.",brainstorming What was the name of the character Steve Buscemi played in the HBO series BoardWalk Empire?,"Buscemi starred in the HBO drama series Boardwalk Empire created by Terence Winter. The series started in 2010, where Buscemi assumed the role as Enoch ""Nucky"" Thompson (based on Enoch L. Johnson), a corrupt Atlantic City politician who rules the town during the Prohibition era. Buscemi's performance garnered him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama; he later received two more nominations for his work on the same show. In 2011 he hosted NBC's Saturday Night Live.","Enoch ""Nucky"" Thompson",closed_qa What is the black oil on the TV show The X-Files?,,"The black oil, also known as purity or the black cancer, is a sentient, fluid alien virus that resembles a black oil slick and is capable of independent movement. It infects humanoids by entering orifices, like eyes and mouths, and gains control of their victim. The alien colonists use the black oil as their reproductive life force.",open_qa Why was the Laos team disqualified?,"Also on 22 September, the men's doubles team for Sepak Takraw were bronze medalists. The Laos team were disqualified for failure to play their semi-final match. Singapore had the best record of the teams that were eliminated from progression to the semi-finals, which was the fifth best record of all teams after the group stage. The team consisted of Mohamad Farhan Amran, Muhammad Hafiz Nor Izam Ja'afar and Eddy Nor Shafiq Sahari.",The Laos team was disqualified for failure to play their semi-final match.,closed_qa "Using the passage below, in Machine Learning, what is unsupervised learning and is it different from supervised learning?","Unsupervised learning is a type of algorithm that learns patterns from untagged data. The goal is that through mimicry, which is an important mode of learning in people, the machine is forced to build a concise representation of its world and then generate imaginative content from it. In contrast to supervised learning where data is tagged by an expert, e.g. tagged as a ""ball"" or ""fish"", unsupervised methods exhibit self-organization that captures patterns as probability densities or a combination of neural feature preferences encoded in the machine's weights and activations. The other levels in the supervision spectrum are reinforcement learning where the machine is given only a numerical performance score as guidance, and semi-supervised learning where a small portion of the data is tagged.",Unsupervised learning can be understood in contrast to supervised learning. The latter requires a data set tagged by an expert to train the machine learning model. The former learns patterns directly from the (unlabeled or untagged) data.,summarization When was the big bang?,,"13,8 billion years ago",open_qa Without quoting directly from the text give me a summary of the different types of motorcycles.,"The six main types of motorcycles are generally recognized as standard, cruiser, touring, sports, off-road, and dual-purpose. Sport touring is sometimes recognized as a seventh category or integrated with the touring category. Although there are many names and systems for classifying types of motorcycles based on their characteristics and usage, there are generally six categories recognized by most motorcycle manufacturers and organizations. Strong distinctions are usually made between the six main types of motorcycles and other motorcycles. Scooter, moped, underbone, miniature, pocket, electric, and three-wheeled motorcycles are generally excluded from the main categories but other classification schemes may include these as types of motorcycles. There is no universal system for classifying all types of motorcycles. There are strict classification systems enforced by competitive motorcycle sport sanctioning bodies, or legal definitions of a motorcycle established by certain legal jurisdictions for motorcycle registration, emissions, road traffic safety rules or motorcyclist licensing. There are also informal classifications or nicknames used by manufacturers, riders, and the motorcycling media. Some experts do not recognize sub-types, like naked bike, that ""purport to be classified"" outside the six usual classes, because they fit within one of the main types and are recognizable only by cosmetic changes. Street motorcycles are motorcycles designed for being ridden on paved roads. They have smooth tires with tread patterns and engines generally in the 125 cc (7.6 cu in) and over range. Typically, street motorcycles are capable of speeds up to 100 mph (160 km/h), and many of speeds in excess of 125 mph (201 km/h). Street motorcycles powered by electric motors are becoming more common, with firms like Harley-Davidson entering the market.","Motorcycles are 2 wheeled vehicles powered by an internal combustion engine generally made for a single rider. Although there are many styles of motorcycles, they are loosely organized into 6 main categories. These categories most closely align to the intended use of the vehicle. There is your standard motorcycle, your more relaxed cruising motorcycle, the larger capacity and longer haul touring cycle, a racing more sportier sports cycle and then you have a off-road motorcycle often known as a dirtbike and lastly a dual-sport which is a motorcycle that can go both on and offroad.",summarization How did the American Foxhound originate?,"The American Kennel Club does credit George Washington as the Father of the American Foxhound. Washington and his wife Martha were dog breeders in Mount Vernon, Virginia. Washington is said to have had a strong love for dogs; that grew from his love of hunting for foxes. This love of dogs stems from watching the relationship between the dog and the fox it was hunting. Washington was an avid fox hunter. The birth of this breed can be credited to Washington, and his relationship with Marquis de Lafayette. Lafayette gifted a group of French Hound’s to Washington, from there around two years after, Washington acquired eight regular hounds from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and 2 “Slow Pace” hounds from England. From these 3 breeds of dogs, from America, France and England, Washington then bred the American Foxhound. Washington had no desire to breed this dog for attention to legacy, but rather for personal gain – to hunt foxes with his own collection of specially bred hunting dogs. Washington bred the American Foxhound in hopes of breeding faster speed and tracking of foxes into the breed of hounds he already owned. ",George Washington is credited by the American Kennel Club with originating this dog breed by crossing French and English hounds with other American hounds from Pennsylvania. Washington bred the American Foxhound because he loved fox hunting and wanted his own specialty breed for that purpose.,summarization Is 95 degrees Fahrenheit considered to be hot weather?,,"Yes, 95 degrees would typically be considered to be hot",open_qa "Given the reference text, what is the female equivalent of Karl?","Carol is used as a female name, Carl or Karl is the male version of the name, although in contemporary Western usage it is more commonly used for females. It is a European continental spelling of the English Charles, the Germanic Carl, and the Latin Carolus, and can also be a short version of the name Caroline. Spelling variations include Carole.",Carol (sometimes Carole and other variations) is used a female name for Carl or Karl.,closed_qa "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Canary, Green pheasants",,"Canary is domesticated, Green pheasants is wild.",classification How old is Boo Boo Bear?,"Boo-Boo Bear is a Hanna-Barbera cartoon character on The Yogi Bear Show. Boo-Boo is an anthropomorphic dwarf bear who wears a blue bowtie. Boo-Boo is Yogi Bear's constant companion (not his son, as sometimes believed), and often acts as his conscience. He tries (usually unsuccessfully) to keep Yogi from doing things he should not do, and also to keep Yogi from getting into trouble with Ranger Smith – often saying, ""Mr. Ranger isn't gonna like this, Yogi."" It is not readily apparent whether Boo-Boo is a juvenile bear with a precocious intellect, or simply an adult bear who is short of stature.",It is unclear how old Boo Boo Bear is. He may be an adolescent or just a short adult.,information_extraction Extract best tourist attractions in Karnataka,"By virtue of its varied geography and long history, Karnataka hosts numerous spots of interest for tourists. There is an array of ancient sculptured temples, modern cities, scenic hill ranges, forests and beaches. Karnataka has been ranked as the fourth most popular destination for tourism among the states of India. Karnataka has the second highest number of nationally protected monuments in India, second only to Uttar Pradesh, in addition to 752 monuments protected by the State Directorate of Archaeology and Museums. Another 25,000 monuments are yet to receive protection. The districts of the Western Ghats and the southern districts of the state have popular eco-tourism locations including Kudremukh, Madikeri and Agumbe. Karnataka has 25 wildlife sanctuaries and five national parks. Popular among them are Bandipura National Park, Bannerghatta National Park and Nagarhole National Park. The ruins of the Vijayanagara Empire at Hampi and the monuments of Pattadakal are on the list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites. The cave temples at Badami and the rock-cut temples at Aihole representing the Badami Chalukyan style of architecture are also popular tourist destinations. The Hoysala temples at Beluru and Halebidu, which were built with Chloritic schist (soapstone) are proposed UNESCO World Heritage sites. The Gol Gumbaz and Ibrahim Rauza are famous examples of the Deccan Sultanate style of architecture. The monolith of Gomateshwara Bahubali at Shravanabelagola is the tallest sculpted monolith in the world, attracting tens of thousands of pilgrims during the Mahamastakabhisheka festival. Golden 5-storey Mysore Palace building with 21 domed towers and central spire Mysore Palace in the evening, the official residence and seat of the Wodeyar dynasty, the rulers of Mysore of the Mysore Kingdom, the royal family of Mysore. The waterfalls of Karnataka and Kudremukh are considered by some to be among the ""1001 Natural Wonders of the World"". Jog Falls is India's tallest single-tiered waterfall with Gokak Falls, Unchalli Falls, Magod Falls, Abbey Falls and Shivanasamudra Falls among other popular waterfalls. Several popular beaches dot the coastline, including Murudeshwara, Gokarna, Malpe and Karwar. In addition, Karnataka is home to several places of religious importance. Several Hindu temples including the famous Udupi Sri Krishna Matha, the Marikamba Temple at Sirsi, the Kollur Mookambika Temple, the Sri Manjunatha Temple at Dharmasthala, Kukke Subramanya Temple, Janardhana and Mahakali Temple at Ambalpadi, Sharadamba Temple at Shringeri attract pilgrims from all over India. Most of the holy sites of Lingayatism, like Kudalasangama and Basavana Bagewadi, are found in northern parts of the state. Shravanabelagola, Mudabidri and Karkala are famous for Jain history and monuments. Jainism had a stronghold in Karnataka in the early medieval period with Shravanabelagola as its most important centre. The Shettihalli Rosary Church near Shettihalli, an example of French colonial Gothic architecture, is a rare example of a Christian ruin, is a popular tourist site. Karnataka has become a center of health care tourism and has the highest number of approved health systems and alternative therapies in India. Along with some ISO certified government-owned hospitals, private institutions which provide international-quality services, Hospitals in Karnataka treat around 8,000 health tourists every year.","Karnataka has an array of ancient sculptured temples, modern cities, scenic hill ranges, forests and beaches. Places such as Kudremukh, Madikeri and Agumbe are from western ghats which have scenic hills. Hampi, Pattadakal are on the list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites. Badami and Aihole are famous for Chalukyan architecture. Several beaches like Murudeshwara, Gokarna, Malpe and Karwar are popular. Apart from this there are several Hindu temples including the famous Udupi Sri Krishna Matha, the Marikamba Temple at Sirsi, the Kollur Mookambika Temple, the Sri Manjunatha Temple at Dharmasthala, Kukke Subramanya Temple, Janardhana and Mahakali Temple at Ambalpadi, Sharadamba Temple at Sringeri attract pilgrims from all over India",information_extraction What is Kalis Illustrisimo?,"Kalis Ilustrisimo is a style of Eskrima founded by Antonio ""Tatang"" Ilustrisimo. Kalis Ilustrisimo means ""The Bladed Art of Ilustrisimo"": calis (or caris) being another term for sword, blade and knife in Luzon and the Visayas and its usage as esgrimir and esgrima (Spanish for fencing/sword fighting) as defined in Spanish-era Ilocano, Pampango, Tagalog, Bicolano, Ilonggo, Waray & Cebuano dictionary/vocabulary recordings dating back to 1512, as the art of Tatang is more blade-oriented than stick-oriented.",Kalis Ilustrisimo is a style of Filipino martial arts founded by Antonio Tatang Ilustrisimo that focuses more on the use of blades than sticks.,closed_qa What class of locomotive was the No. 13?,"The OA class is a solitary steam locomotive built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works for the Wellington and Manawatu Railway (WMR) in New Zealand. Ordered in 1894, it entered service in August of that year as No. 13 and was the first narrow gauge Vauclain compound in the world. In 1908, the WMR and its locomotive fleet were purchased by New Zealand Railways Department (NZR) and incorporated into the national rail network, and, although No. 13 bore a likeness to members of the O class, it was sufficiently different that it warranted separate classification. The designation of OA was created and it was numbered OA 457. It operated for another two decades until it was withdrawn in December 1929 in Auckland. The locomotive was known to WMR staff as ""The Lady"".",The No. 13 locomotive was an OA class.,closed_qa "Make a pro and con list for two different options for a first date: dinner and a movie, or a trip to a bowling alley. Give at least 3 pros and cons for each option",,"Option 1: Dinner and a Movie: - Pros: Can chat at dinner and then relax during the movie, don't need to think too much, very safe bet - Cons: Movie could be boring, dinner is expensive, what if my date is a picky eater and doesn't like the restaurant? Option 2: Bowling Alley: - Pros: Lots of opportunities to talk the whole time, no need to worry about picking a bad movie, can focus on the game if the conversation is stilted - Cons: I'm not very good at bowling, bowling is associated with old people, bowling alley might be crowded and loud, making it hard to hear",creative_writing Using examples taken from the text give me a rundown of the primary environments found in Yellowstone National Park.,"Yellowstone National Park is an American national park located in the western United States, largely in the northwest corner of Wyoming and extending into Montana and Idaho. It was established by the 42nd U.S. Congress with the Yellowstone National Park Protection Act and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1872. Yellowstone was the first national park in the U.S. and is also widely held to be the first national park in the world. The park is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features, especially the Old Faithful geyser, one of its most popular. While it represents many types of biomes, the subalpine forest is the most abundant. It is part of the South Central Rockies forests ecoregion. While Native Americans have lived in the Yellowstone region for at least 11,000 years, aside from visits by mountain men during the early-to-mid-19th century, organized exploration did not begin until the late 1860s. Management and control of the park originally fell under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of the Interior, the first Secretary of the Interior to supervise the park being Columbus Delano. However, the U.S. Army was eventually commissioned to oversee the management of Yellowstone for 30 years between 1886 and 1916. In 1917, administration of the park was transferred to the National Park Service, which had been created the previous year. Hundreds of structures have been built and are protected for their architectural and historical significance, and researchers have examined more than a thousand archaeological sites. Yellowstone National Park spans an area of 3,468.4 sq mi (8,983 km2), comprising lakes, canyons, rivers, and mountain ranges. Yellowstone Lake is one of the largest high-elevation lakes in North America and is centered over the Yellowstone Caldera, the largest super volcano on the continent. The caldera is considered a dormant volcano. It has erupted with tremendous force several times in the last two million years. Well over half of the world's geysers and hydrothermal features are in Yellowstone, fueled by this ongoing volcanism. Lava flows and rocks from volcanic eruptions cover most of the land area of Yellowstone. The park is the centerpiece of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the largest remaining nearly-intact ecosystem in the Earth's northern temperate zone. In 1978, Yellowstone was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Hundreds of species of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians have been documented, including several that are either endangered or threatened. The vast forests and grasslands also include unique species of plants. Yellowstone Park is the largest, and most famous megafauna location in the contiguous United States. Grizzly bears, cougars, wolves, and free-ranging herds of bison and elk live in this park. The Yellowstone Park bison herd is the oldest and largest public bison herd in the United States. Forest fires occur in the park each year; in the large forest fires of 1988, nearly one-third of the park was burnt. Yellowstone has numerous recreational opportunities, including hiking, camping, boating, fishing, and sightseeing. Paved roads provide close access to the major geothermal areas as well as some of the lakes and waterfalls. During the winter, visitors often access the park by way of guided tours that use either snow coaches or snowmobiles.","Generally considered to be the first national park in the world, Yellowstone National Park is significant in size, covering parts of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, and acts as the largest remaining nearly-intact ecosystems. The park is able to support many types of wildlife including Grizzly bears, cougars, wolves, mountain goats, free-ranging herds of bison and elk, as well as many types of birds and fish, because of the diversity of habitats. Forests and grasslands dominate some areas of the park, while others offer the completely different experience of mountain ranges, lakes, and rolling prairies. Some of the park's most unique features are the geysers and hydrothermal features. In fact, Yellowstone is home to over half of the world's features like these. This is due to the entire park being centered over the Yellowstone Caldera, the largest super volcano on the continent.",summarization How old were the indigenous civilizations in Mexico prior to European contact?,"Human presence in Pre-Columbian Mexico goes back to 8,000 BCE and it went to become one of the world's six cradles of civilization. In particular, the Mesoamerican region was home to many intertwined civilizations, including the Olmec, Maya, Zapotec, Teotihuacan, and Purepecha. Last were the Aztecs, who dominated the region in the century before European contact. In 1521, the Spanish Empire and its indigenous allies conquered the Aztec Empire from its capital Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), establishing the colony of New Spain.","There were many civilizations that came prior to European contact, some that date back as early as 8,000 BCE. The last civilization to dominate Mexico a century prior to European contact were the Aztecs, whose capital, Tenochtitlan, became what is now Mexico City.",closed_qa "Which one of these is a music band, and which one is a Football team : Manchester United, Linkin Park ?",,Linkin Park is a music band. Manchester United is a Football team.,classification "Given a reference text about Teodoro ""Teddy"" de Villa Diaz, tell me how he died and how old he was when he died.","Teodoro ""Teddy"" de Villa Diaz (1 April 1963 – 21 August 1988) was a Filipino musician and composer, best known as the founder and original guitarist of The Dawn. As a composer, he co-wrote the band's first single ""Enveloped Ideas"" and their well-known hit ""Salamat"", which was released posthumously in 1989. He played guitar on the albums The Dawn (1986) and I Stand With You (1988). Aside from being a guitarist, he played keyboards as credited on The Dawn's 1986 debut album.[citation needed] At the height of his career and at the peak of The Dawn's popularity in the late 1980s, he was stabbed to death in front of his girlfriend's house by two bystanders who were allegedly under the influence of drugs and alcohol.","Teodoro ""Teddy"" de Villa Diaz was stabbed to death by two bystanders when he was 25 years old.",closed_qa "Evaluate the below poem ""since feeling is first"" by ee cummings and provide a summary of its meaning.","since feeling is first who pays any attention to the syntax of things will never wholly kiss you; wholly to be a fool while Spring is in the world my blood approves, and kisses are a better fate than wisdom lady i swear by all flowers. Don’t cry – the best gesture of my brain is less than your eyelids’ flutter which says we are for each other; then laugh, leaning back in my arms for life’s not a paragraph And death i think is no parenthesis","Since feeling is first is a love poem, written to an unknown recipient that appears to share a close relationship with the writer. The poem employs an unorthodox syntactic structure to highlight how logic and rationality (i.e. thinking) can interfere with one's ability to embrace the love and beauty that exists in life via feelings. There are numerous examples in the poem that support the primacy of feeling over thinking (""kisses are a better fate than wisdom"", ""the best gesture of my brain is less than your eyelids' flutter""). Grammatical terms appear in the final lines as a metaphor describing the poet's thoughts on life and death. The statement that ""life is not a paragraph"" suggests that life is a collection of feelings and experiences that cannot be summarized adequately on paper. The author's mention that ""death i think is no parenthesis"" indicates that for him, death does not explain or provide meaning to the life that was lived before it, since parenthesis are typically used to clarify the prior passage.",summarization List of Cat Breeds,"The following list of cat breeds includes only domestic cat breeds and domestic and wild hybrids. The list includes established breeds recognized by various cat registries, new and experimental breeds, landraces being established as standardized breeds, distinct domestic populations not being actively developed and lapsed (extinct) breeds. As of 2023, The International Cat Association (TICA) recognizes 73 standardized breeds, the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) recognizes 45, the Fédération Internationale Féline (FIFe) recognizes 50, the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) recognizes 45, and the World Cat Federation (WCF) recognizes 69. Inconsistency in a breed classification and naming among registries means that an individual animal may be considered different breeds by different registries (though not necessarily eligible for registry in them all, depending on its exact ancestry). For example, TICA's Himalayan is considered a colorpoint variety of the Persian by the CFA, while the Javanese (or Colorpoint Longhair) is a color variation of the Balinese in both the TICA and the CFA; both breeds are merged (along with the Colorpoint Shorthair) into a single ""mega-breed"", the Colourpoint, by the World Cat Federation (WCF), who have repurposed the name ""Javanese"" for the Oriental Longhair. Also, ""Colorpoint Longhair"" refers to different breeds in other registries. There are many examples of nomenclatural overlap and differences of this sort. Furthermore, many geographical and cultural names for cat breeds are fanciful selections made by Western breeders to be exotic sounding and bear no relationship to the actual origin of the breeds; the Balinese, Javanese, and Himalayan are all examples of this trend. The domestic short-haired and domestic long-haired cat types are not breeds, but terms used (with various spellings) in the cat fancy to describe ""mongrel"" or ""bicolor"" cats by coat length, ones that do not belong to a particular breed. Some registries permit them to be pedigreed and they have been used as foundation stock in the establishment of some breeds.[citation needed] They should not be confused with standardized breeds with similar names, such as the British Shorthair and Oriental Longhair.","Base on the examples taken from the text, give me the total # of The International Cat Association (TICA) recognizes standardized breeds",summarization Think of a number of different ways you can cook eggs,,"Eggs are versatile and can be cooked using a number of methods including boiling, scrambling, poaching, frying and baking. They can also be beaten and augmented with other ingredients to make an Omelette or Frittata",brainstorming What are some good non-textbook resources for someone to learn more about the world wars?,,"There are many podcasts and documentaries out there that center around the world wars. Some notable examples include Ken Burns' documentary The War which is about WWII, Dan Carlin's podcast series Blueprint for Armageddon which lays out the historical context leading to WWI and describes the war in great details. Non-fiction such as Anne Frank's diary provides painful insights to life as Jew who has to hide from Nazi's persecution. Some fictional movies and books can provide a historically accurate glimpse to the human conditions or the major battles of the war, including Band of Brothers, Schindler's List, All Quiet on the Western Front.",open_qa "Give me some ideas of what to cook for dinner, I am vegetarian and I have picky children",,"As a parent, I have some ideas for quick weeknight meals that should appeal to the whole family. Fried rice can be an easy one pan dinner incorporating vegetables, protein, healthy fats, and carbohydrates making it a balanced option for families. Try frying some onion and garlic in some coconut oil. While that cooks, chop up the children's most loved vegetables to throw in - I would recommend carrots, peppers, and sweet peas. Give that a few minutes to cook down then add in your cooked rice with some low sodium soy sauce and candied ginger syrup. Before serving, crack and egg into the pan and mix with the rice until cooked. Another great family friendly option that can be modified for vegetarians is shepherds pie. Try substituting the beef/lamb with either cooked lentils or Impossible Beef. The cheesy potatoes and savory filling makes for a family favorite! This can be made ahead of time and popped in the over 45 minutes before serving for an easy weeknight meal.",brainstorming What is the best way to lose weight?,,"The best way to lose weight is to be in a calorie deficit. This means that you are consuming less calories than you expend. An easy way to confirm this deficit is to track your calorie intake with a calorie tracking application like MyFitnessPal. This helps you better understand the macronutrient composition (protein, carbohydrates, fat) of your food, and which foods are more calorically dense than others. One gram of protein has 4 calories per gram, one gram of carbohydrate has 4 calories per gram, and one gram of fat has 9 calories per gram. Each food that you consume is either one or a combination of these three macronutrients. It is possible to expend calories to create a larger deficit through exercise. There are many types of exercise, but most types can be categorized as either cardiovascular training or weight training. Both types of exercise are important, as cardiovascular exercises, such as walking, running, and biking, train your heart and burn calories during exercise. Weight-based training involves challenging your muscles with loads in order to make them stronger to handle larger loads and more volume. Weight-based training does not burn as many calories during exercise, however this type of training taxes your muscles so that they need to repair and thus burns more calories throughout the day after your training session. Weight-based training is important for strong muscles, bones, and tendons. The best way to lose weight involves a combination of a calorie-controlled diet, cardiovascular exercise, and weight-based training exercise sustained over a duration of time until you meet your weight goal. Once you meet your goal, it is then important to sustain these good habits and not revert back to the habits and behaviors you were previously engaged in that contributed to your weight gain.",open_qa "With reference to given text, Please provide a list of dangers associated with Smoking","Smoking is one of the leading preventable causes of deaths globally and is the cause of over 8 million deaths annually, 1.2 million of which are non-smokers who die due to second-hand smoke.In the United States, about 500,000 deaths per year are attributed to smoking-related diseases and a recent study estimated that as much as 1/3 of China's male population will have significantly shortened life-spans due to smoking. Male and female smokers lose an average of 13.2 and 14.5 years of life, respectively. At least half of all lifelong smokers die earlier as a result of smoking.","1. Smoking is the cause of more than 8 million deaths per year out of which 1.2 million are non-smokers who simply dies because of inhaling second-hand smoke. 2. In United states nearly 500,000 people dies annually because of smoking related diseases. 3. A recent study indicates that close to 1/3rd of China's male population have their life-spans shortened significantly because of smoking. 4. Among smokers males have average of 13.2 years less life span compared to non smoking males similarly females have 14.5 years less life span compared to non smoking females. 5 At least 50% of smokers die earlier because of smoking.",summarization "classify the following as outfits vs appliances: dress, shoes, toaster, jackets, fridge, air fryer, instant pot, vest, gloves, pants, jeans",,"outfits: dress, shoes, jackets, vest, gloves, pants, jeans appliances: toaster, fridge, air fryer, instant pot",classification Without quoting directly from the text give me a summary of the half dome hike.,"The Half Dome Cable Route hike runs from the valley floor to the top of the dome in 8.2 mi (13 km) (via the Mist Trail), with 4,800 ft (1,460 m) of elevation gain. The length and difficulty of the trail used to keep it less crowded than other park trails, but in recent years the trail traffic has grown to as many as 800 people a day. The hike can be done from the valley floor in a single long day, but many people break it up by camping overnight in Little Yosemite Valley. The trail climbs past Vernal Fall and Nevada Fall, then continues into Little Yosemite Valley, then north to the base of the northeast ridge of Half Dome itself. The final 400 ft (120 m) ascent is steeply up the rock between two steel cables used as handholds. The cables are fixed with bolts in the rock and raised onto a series of metal poles in late May (the poles do not anchor the cables). The cables are taken down from the poles for the winter in early October, but they are still fixed to the rock surface and can be used. The National Park Service recommends against climbing the route when the cables are down or when the surface of the rock is wet and slippery. The Cable Route is rated class 3, while the same face away from the cables is rated class 5. The Cable Route gets crowded on the weekends The Cable Route can be crowded. In past years, as many as 1,000 hikers per day have climbed the dome on a summer weekend, and about 50,000 hikers climb it every year. Since 2011, all hikers who intend to ascend the Cable Route must now obtain permits before entering the park when the cables are up between May and October. Permits are checked by a ranger on the trail, and no hikers without permits are allowed to hike beyond the base of the sub-dome or to the bottom of the cables. Hikers caught bypassing the rangers to visit either the sub-dome or main dome without a permit face fines of up to $5,000 and/or 6 months in jail. Backpackers with an appropriate wilderness permit can receive a Half Dome permit when they pick up their wilderness permit with no additional reservation required. Rock climbers who reach the top of Half Dome without entering the subdome area can descend on the Half Dome Trail without a permit. The top of Half Dome is a large, flat area where climbers can relax and enjoy their accomplishment. The summit offers views of the surrounding areas, including Little Yosemite Valley and the Valley Floor. A notable location to one side of Half Dome is the ""Diving Board"", where Ansel Adams took his photograph Monolith, the Face of Half Dome on April 10, 1927. Often confused with ""the Visor,"" a small overhanging ledge at the summit, the Diving Board is on the shoulder of Half Dome. From 1919 when the cables were erected through 2011, there have been seven fatal falls from the cables. The latest fatality occurred on September 5, 2019. Lightning strikes can be a risk while on or near the summit. On July 27, 1985, five hikers were struck by lightning, resulting in two fatalities. The Cable Route was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.","The half dome hike is 8.2 miles long with 4800 ft elevation gain. This hike can be done in a single long day or in two days by camping overnight in Little Yosemite Valley. The trail goes past Vernal and Nevada waterfalls, continues to Little Yosemite Valley and then to the half dome itself. The final 400 ft of the hike involves a steep ascent up the rock using the two steel cables fixed with bolts in the rock. The cables are put up between May and October and it is not recommended to climb the route when cables are down since the surface can be wet and slippery. All the hikers to half dome are required to obtain permits which are checked by a ranger on the trail. Hikers caught bypassing the rangers without permits are subject to penalties.",summarization Describe some different ways to stop your car from being stolen?,,"Here are some suggestions to reduce the chances of your car being stolen. Firstly, you can always try to park the car in a secure location, secondly security items such as steering wheel locks are known to help reduce the chance of car theft. Lastly, you can also install a car alarm system, and if that is too expensive or difficult to retrofit, there are companies who sell the security stickers for cars that state that the car has GPS tracking, which may also deter a potential car thief.",brainstorming "Tell me which season is associated with each of these items: flowers, snowflakes, leaves falling, beaches",,"flowers: spring, snowflakes: winter, leaves falling: autumn, beaches: summer",classification What does moha mean,"Moha (Chinese: 膜蛤; pinyin: Mó Há, pronounced [muǒ.xǎ]), literally ""admiring toad"" or ""toad worship"", is an internet meme spoofing Jiang Zemin, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and paramount leader. It originated among the netizens in mainland China and has become a subculture on the Chinese internet. According to another explanation, it comes from China's social media Baidu Tieba. In the culture, Jiang is nicknamed há, or ""toad"", because of his supposed resemblance to a toad. Netizens who móhá (worship the toad) call themselves ""toad fans"", ""toad lovers"" or ""toad worshippers"" (simplified Chinese: 蛤丝; traditional Chinese: 蛤絲), or ""mogicians"" (膜法师; 膜法師) which is a wordplay on mófǎshī (魔法师; 魔法師, magician) in Mandarin.[note 1] Another nickname for Jiang is ""elder"" or ""senior"" (长者; 長者; Zhǎngzhě), because he once called himself an ""elder"" or ""senior"" when he was berating Hong Kong journalist Sharon Cheung who questioned him. A video clip recording this event spread on the internet and led to the rise of the culture, which later greatly rose in popularity around 2014, when Hong Kong was experiencing a period of political instability. Initially, netizens extracted Jiang's quotes from the video and imitated his wording and tone, for parody and insult. However, as the culture developed, some imitations have taken to carrying affection toward him. The quotes for imitation have also evolved to include what he said during his leadership, and in his personal life.","It means toad worship, an internet meme spoofing Jiang Zemin",closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Sarangi, Basset horn",,"Sarangi is string, Basset down is woodwind.",classification "Identify which systems in this list are part of the Hadoop ecosystem : MapReduce, MySQL, Google apps, Hive, Pig",,"MapReduce, Hive and Pig are part of Hadoop ecosystem. Google apps and MySQL are other projects that don't belong to Hadoop ecosystem.",classification What exactly was Apollo 11?,,"Apollo 11 was the fifth manned mission of the United States Apollo Program and the first human landing on the Moon in history. Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin, and Michael Collins were the astronauts on this mission. On July 21, 1969, astronaut Neil Armstrong, soon followed by his colleague Edwin ""Buzz"" Aldrin, left the first human footprint on the lunar surface, while the third member of the mission, Michael Collins, circled the Moon in the command module for nearly two hours. ""One small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind,"" Armstrong said as he set foot on the moon, became one of history's most famous quotes.",open_qa What methods of transportation to Dallas are unlikely to be available?,"Dallas is the third-largest city in Texas and the largest city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States at 7.5 million people. It is the largest city in and seat of Dallas County with portions extending into Collin, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties. With a 2020 census population of 1,304,379, it is the ninth-most populous city in the U.S. and the third-largest city in Texas after Houston and San Antonio.Located in the North Texas region, the city of Dallas is the main core of the largest metropolitan area in the Southern United States and the largest inland metropolitan area in the U.S. that lacks any navigable link to the sea.",It is unlikely that traveling to Dallas by boat would be possible because the passage indicates that there is no navigable link to the sea.,summarization What is the best way to store food?,,Different food requires different forms of storage. It is important to check the labels for your food and follow the instructions carefully. Non-perishable food in well sealed containers can be stored in the pantry. Perishable food should be sealed and placed in the fridge for short-term storage or freezer for long-term storage.,brainstorming What is the Taubate Prison known for,"Taubaté Prison is a prison in Taubaté in São Paulo, Brazil. It is notorious for containing some of the most violent prisoners, for repeated prison riots, and for being the place where the Primeiro Comando da Capital criminal gang originated. On December 19, 2000 The Prison Uprising ended at Taubaté Prison released more than 20 hostages on Monday, ending an uprising at a maximum security facility that left nine prisoners dead, officials said. The rebellion at the Taubate House of Custody and Psychiatric Treatment, about 80 miles outside Sao Paulo, began during visiting hours Sunday when an inmate opened fire with a revolver, provoking a fight with prisoners from another pavilion. Taking advantage of the confusion, prisoners took 23 hostages including four children. Inmates began releasing hostages in small groups Monday after authorities agreed to transfer 10 prisoners to another facility. The hostages, all of whom were unhurt said the prisoners treated them well during the ordeal. The department said the nine victims were probably killed in a settling of scores between rival gangs.","The Taubate Prison is a prison in Taubate in Sao Paulo, Brazil. It is notorious for containing some of the most violent prisoners, for repeated prison riots, and for being the place where the Primeiro Comando da Capital criminal gang originated. On December 19, 2000 The Prison Uprising ended at Taubate Prison released more than 20 hostages on Monday, ending an uprising at a maximum security facility that left nine prisoners dead, officials said. The rebellion at the Taubate House of Custody and Psychiatric Treatment, about 80 miles outside Sao Paulo, began during visiting hours Sunday when an inmate opened fire with a revolver, provoking a fight with prisoners from another pavilion. Taking advantage of the confusion, prisoners took 23 hostages including four children. Inmates began releasing hostages in small groups Monday after authorities agreed to transfer 10 prisoners to another facility. The hostages, all of whom were unhurt said the prisoners treated them well during the ordeal. The department said the nine victims were probably killed in a settling of scores between rival gangs.",summarization "Which are some famous cuisines from Rajasthan, India?",,"Rajasthan, whose name is derived from the phrase ""Land of Kings,"" is renowned for its vibrant hues, rich culture, and the Thar Desert. Among other things, Rajasthani food is well renowned throughout the world. Both the availability of ingredients in a desert location and the residents' warlike lives had an impact.  It was preferred to eat food that could be stored for a few days and didn't require heating. Water shortages and a lack of fresh, green vegetables have all had an impact on cooking. Among the well-known Rajasthani recipes are Red meat, also known as laal maas or ratto maans, is prepared with yogurt sauce and a unique variety of chiles called red Mathania chillies. Typically, this dish is extremely spicy and loaded with garlic. The royals and rajputs love this meal very much. Dal Bati with Churma: This is Rajasthan's most well-known dish. Lentils are known as dal, baked wheat balls are known as bati, and sweetened cereal is known as churma. Popular churma is typically served with baatis and dal. It is made of crushed, coarsely powdered wheat that has been fried in ghee and sugar. Traditionally, it is produced by blending leftover rotis or baatis made of wheat flour with ghee and jaggery. The five plant products ker, sangri, babul fali (kumatiya), gunda, and aamchur make up ker sangri. Since it contains a special combination of five components, it is also known as panchkuta. Ker is a berry that resembles a caper and grows on thorny shrubs in the desert. It has a tart flavor, which also makes it the ideal pickle ingredient. Sangri, on the other hand, are the khejri tree's bean-like pods. The acacia or babul tree's flat seeds are known as babul fali.",open_qa "Given the following paragraph on cell structure, what is an example of membrane proteins?","Every cell is enclosed within a cell membrane that separates its cytoplasm from the extracellular space. A cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, including cholesterols that sit between phospholipids to maintain their fluidity at various temperatures. Cell membranes are semipermeable, allowing small molecules such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water to pass through while restricting the movement of larger molecules and charged particles such as ions. Cell membranes also contains membrane proteins, including integral membrane proteins that go across the membrane serving as membrane transporters, and peripheral proteins that loosely attach to the outer side of the cell membrane, acting as enzymes shaping the cell. Cell membranes are involved in various cellular processes such as cell adhesion, storing electrical energy, and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures such as a cell wall, glycocalyx, and cytoskeleton.",One example of membrane proteins are integral membrane proteins which go across the membrane and serve as membrane transporters.,closed_qa Extract the key bulletpoints I need to know about University of Oxford,"The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation. It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two English ancient universities share many common features and are jointly referred to as Oxbridge. The university is made up of thirty-nine semi-autonomous constituent colleges, five permanent private halls, and a range of academic departments which are organised into four divisions. All the colleges are self-governing institutions within the university, each controlling its own membership and with its own internal structure and activities. All students are members of a college. It does not have a main campus, and its buildings and facilities are scattered throughout the city centre. Undergraduate teaching at Oxford consists of lectures, small-group tutorials at the colleges and halls, seminars, laboratory work and occasionally further tutorials provided by the central university faculties and departments. Postgraduate teaching is provided predominantly centrally. Oxford operates the world's oldest university museum, as well as the largest university press in the world and the largest academic library system nationwide. In the fiscal year ending 31 July 2019, the university had a total income of £2.45 billion, of which £624.8 million was from research grants and contracts. Oxford has educated a wide range of notable alumni, including 30 prime ministers of the United Kingdom and many heads of state and government around the world. As of October 2022, 73 Nobel Prize laureates, 4 Fields Medalists, and 6 Turing Award winners have studied, worked, or held visiting fellowships at the University of Oxford, while its alumni have won 160 Olympic medals. Oxford is the home of numerous scholarships, including the Rhodes Scholarship, one of the oldest international graduate scholarship programmes.","The university of Oxford is the worlds second oldest university. It's made up of 39 semi-autonomous colleges which are self-governing institutions within the university + a range of academic departments organised in four divisions. Oxford has educated more than 70 nobel laureates, multiple Fields Medalists and Turing Award winners, as well as 30 UK prime ministers. The university has an income larger than 2 billion pounds, it operates the world's oldest university museum and the largest university press.",information_extraction How is a circular economy different than the USA's economy?,"A circular economy (also referred to as circularity and CE) is a model of production and consumption, which involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products for as long as possible. CE aims to tackle global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, waste, and pollution by emphasizing the design-based implementation of the three base principles of the model. The three principles required for the transformation to a circular economy are: eliminating waste and pollution, circulating products and materials, and the regeneration of nature. CE is defined in contradistinction to the traditional linear economy. The idea and concepts of circular economy (CE) have been studied extensively in academia, business, and government over the past ten years. CE has been gaining popularity because it helps to minimize emissions and consumption of raw materials, open up new market prospects and principally, increase the sustainability of consumption and improve resource efficiency. At a government level, CE is viewed as means of combating global warming as well as a facilitator of long-term growth. CE may geographically connect actors and resources to stop material loops at the regional level. In its core principle, the European Parliament defines CE as, “a model of production and consumption, which involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products as long as possible. In this way, the life cycle of products is extended.” In a linear economy, natural resources are turned into products that are ultimately destined to become waste because of the way they have been designed and manufactured. This process is often summarized by ""take, make, waste"". By contrast, a circular economy employs reuse, sharing, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling to create a closed-loop system, reducing the use of resource inputs and the creation of waste, pollution and carbon emissions. The circular economy aims to keep products, materials, equipment and infrastructure in use for longer, thus improving the productivity of these resources. Waste materials and energy should become input for other processes through waste valorization: either as a component for another industrial process or as regenerative resources for nature (e.g., compost). The Ellen MacArthur Foundation (EMF) defines the circular economy as an industrial economy that is restorative or regenerative by value and design.","A circular economy focuses on the principles of eliminating waste and pollution, circulating products and materials, and the regeneration of nature. In contrast, most capitalistic economies are called ""linear"" in that raw materials are turned into products which are eventually discarded. While a circular economy focuses on sustainable consumption on an Earth with limited resources, linear economies like the USA's implicitly assume a never-ending supply of raw material inputs.",closed_qa What is Assassin's Creed?,"Assassin's Creed is an open-world, action-adventure, and stealth game franchise published by Ubisoft and developed mainly by its studio Ubisoft Montreal using the game engine Anvil and its more advanced derivatives. Created by Patrice Désilets, Jade Raymond, and Corey May, the Assassin's Creed video game series depicts a fictional millennia-old struggle between the Order of Assassins, who fight for peace and free will, and the Knights Templar, who desire peace through order and control. The series features historical fiction, science fiction, and fictional characters intertwined with real-world historical events and historical figures. In most games, players control a historical Assassin while also playing as an Assassin Initiate or someone caught in the Assassin–Templar conflict in the present-day framing story. Considered a spiritual successor to the Prince of Persia series, Assassin's Creed took inspiration from the novel Alamut by the Slovenian writer Vladimir Bartol, based on the historical Hashashin sect of the medieval Middle East.","Assassin's Creed is a game franchise about a mythical group of assassin's fighting against the antagonists, the Templars. While the Assassin's fight for Freedom, the Templars fight for control and World domination. The game is hugely popular amongst the people who play video games. The series has historical characters which makes it even more popular amongst people who play video games. It was created by Ubisoft and is considered built off of Prince of Persia.",summarization How did Caesar come to power in Rome?,,"Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman born around 100 B.C. He was born in a patrician family (senatorial class) called the Julii that claimed lineage from the Goddess Venus and the legendary Prince Aeneas of Troy. His birth in this family had already put him ahead of most others on the road to power. Caesar was smart, hard working and charming and made many friends and connections that would help him later in life. He married a relative of Gaius Marius, the dictator of Rome at the time and furthered his political connections. Though he suffered a setback when Sulla defeated Marius, Caesar was quickly able to use that to his advantage to escape a posting that required him to remain in Rome. It was important for any aspiring Consul (leader of Rome) to be seen as an effective military general who had conquered lands for Rome. Caesar's next significant position was that of Aedile where one of his primary duties were to organize games. Caesar borrowed heavily and organized lavish games so that the people of Rome would know him. Unlike other patricians, Caesar had grown up in the Subura where, at the time, the plebeians lived and knew the importance and power that could be garnered from the love of the people. Through multiple appointments, Caesar displayed his military genius and was eventually elected Consul. He formed an alliance with two other leading figures of the time: Pompey (a decorated general) and Crassus (richest man in Rome) known now as the ""First Triumvirate"". After his consulship, Caesar become Governor of Gaul and eventually won a lot of territory for Rome. However, his political opponents in Rome readied a case for prosecuting him and stripping of power. Unwilling to be subject to that, Caesar gathered one of his legions and marched on Rome. His political opponents performed a tactical retreat from Rome leaving him in nominal control. He consolidated his power by winning multiple wars in Greece, Spain and Egypt eventually solidifying his hold on Rome and getting himself elected Dictator",open_qa Please give me an example of this phenomenon that I can understand as a layman.,"In signal processing and related disciplines, aliasing is an effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable (or aliases of one another) when sampled. It also often refers to the distortion or artifact that results when a signal reconstructed from samples is different from the original continuous signal.","An example of aliasing that easy to understand as a layman is the 'wagon wheel effect'. You've probably seen the wagon wheel effect when watching a movie or tv show and the wheels of a car appear to be spinning backwards even as the car moves forwards. This is an effect of aliasing. This occurs because the sampling rate of the film is not adequate to capture the frequency of the signal (the frequency that the tires are spinning forwards) and the signal becomes indistinguishable from another signal (a frequency of the tires spinning backwards). As an example of how this happens imagine that the camera's sampling rate allows it to record an image frame at about 90% of the frequency that the tires are spinning. That is, the tire is spinning fast enough that it rotates 90% around in between each picture the camera can take. In this case, the wheel will look like its rotated backwards by 10% of a rotation on each image. When you put these images together in a film, the tires will appear to be rotating backwards.",summarization What is Milky Way?,"The Milky Way is the galaxy that includes the Solar System, with the name describing the galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye. The term Milky Way is a translation of the Latin via lactea, from the Greek γαλακτικὸς κύκλος (galaktikòs kýklos), meaning ""milky circle"". From Earth, the Milky Way appears as a band because its disk-shaped structure is viewed from within. Galileo Galilei first resolved the band of light into individual stars with his telescope in 1610. Until the early 1920s, most astronomers thought that the Milky Way contained all the stars in the Universe. Following the 1920 Great Debate between the astronomers Harlow Shapley and Heber Doust Curtis, observations by Edwin Hubble showed that the Milky Way is just one of many galaxies.",Milky Way is the galaxy that includes Solar System in which our planet Earth is located.,closed_qa What skills are required to become a data analyst,,"1. SQL 2. Statistics 3. Data Management 4. Data Visualisation 5. Good Communicator 6. Critical thinking",brainstorming What are the top 2 most practiced religions in Singapore?,"Most major religious denominations are present in Singapore, with the Inter-Religious Organisation, Singapore (IRO) recognising 10 major religions in the city state. A 2014 analysis by the Pew Research Center found Singapore to be the world's most religiously diverse nation. Religion in Singapore, 2020 Religion Percent Buddhism   31.1% No religion   20.0% Christianity   18.9% Islam   15.6% Taoism and folk religion   8.8% Hinduism   5.0% Other religions   0.6% Buddhism is the most widely practised religion in Singapore: 31% of the resident population declared themselves adherents at the most recent census. The next-most practised religion is Christianity, followed by Islam, Taoism, and Hinduism. 20% of the population did not have a religious affiliation. The proportion of Christians, Taoists, and non-religious people increased between 2000 and 2010 by about 3 percentage points each, while the proportion of Buddhists decreased. Other faiths remained largely stable in their share of the population. There are monasteries and Dharma centres from all three major traditions of Buddhism in Singapore: Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. Most Buddhists in Singapore are Chinese and are of the Mahayana tradition, missionaries having come into the country from China for several decades. However, Thailand's Theravada Buddhism has seen growing popularity among the populace (not only the Chinese) during the past decade. The religion of Soka Gakkai International, a Japanese Buddhist organisation, is practised by many people in Singapore, and mostly by those of Chinese descent. Tibetan Buddhism has also made slow inroads into the country in recent years.","The most widely practiced religions in Singapore are: Buddhism and Christianity at 31% and 20% respectively. However, 20% of the population did not have a religious affiliation.",information_extraction Why is Massachusetts known as the Bay State?,,"Massachusetts' nickname, the “Bay State,” refers to one of the state's most famous bays, Cape Cod, where the Pilgrims first settled. It also honors the royal charter that was given to the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1629 to promote and encourage settlement to the land.",open_qa Provide me with a list of boy names that are currently popular.,,"Boy names that are currently popular include Liam, Noah, Oliver, Elijah, James, William, and Benjamin.",brainstorming Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Deadpool or Deadstroke,,"Deadpool is Marvel, Deathstroke is DC",classification Where was the beer Yuengling founded?,,Pennsylvania,open_qa What popular books did Stephen King author?,,"Stephen King is a prolific author, with a career defined by his horror genre novels. Several of his most famous titles include, ""The Stand"", ""Pet Cemetery"", ""It"", ""Carrie"", ""Cujo"", ""Misery"" and more, have all been turned into television series and movies. Stephen has also written bestselling sci-fi and fantasy stories, which include 11/22/63, and ""The Dark Tower"" series.",open_qa What cocktail contributed to the rise of vodka in America?,,"That would be the Moscow Mule. It was a struggle to sell vodka in the early 1900's due to numerous reasons and wasn't a spirit one would sip. A smirnoff distributor for America decided to come up with the copper cup, ginger beer, and vodka which became a sensation in the 1950's.",open_qa How many people died as a result of the plague?,,"During the fourteenth century, the plague, also known as the ""Black Death"" caused more than 50 million deaths in Europe.",open_qa Sea or Mountain,,I believe Mountain are more attractive but Ocean has it's own beauty and this tropical weather definitely turn you on! SO 50% 50%,brainstorming "I'm putting together an exercise plan that needs to have both cardio and strength exercises, but I want to separate exercises into each category. Running, deadlifts, cycling, pushups, swimming, jump rope, lunges and squats.",,"Running, cycling, swimming and jump rope are all forms of cardio exercise. Deadlifts, pushups, lunges and squats are forms of strength exercise.",classification What items can be easily composted at home?,,"For a home compost bin, it is important to only compost things that can be easily turned to soil an won't attract animals or pest. Thus, you can compost fruits and vegetables, egg shells, coffee grounds, paper products like newspaper or cardboard (if ripped into smaller pieces), and yard waste like grass clippings and leaves. In a commercial compost, oily food scraps, dairy, meat, and bones can also be composted. It is better to leave these items out of a home compost bin.",brainstorming "Classify the following as either Australian flora or fauna: kangaroo, wattle, emu, possum, echidna, kookaburra, macadamia, eucalyptus.",,"Kangaroo, emu, possum and echidna are Australian fauna. Wattle, macadamia and eucalyptus are Australian flora.",classification How can I become more active and do more exercise?,,"Here are some ideas that you can add to your daily life to increase activity and build a regular exercise routine. Riding a bike - you could ride your bike to work or take a casual ride with a friend or family member, if you prefer to stay indoors take a spin class at a local gym Walking - take your dog for a walk or borrow a dog from a friend or neighbour this could make walking more fun. If you are commuting to work you could get off the train or bus a stop early and walk to the office or take the stairs instead of the elevator. Running - all you need is your trainers and minimum sports kit, you could get up 30 minutes early and take a short run before work, if you enjoy this sign up for a charity run for extra motivation, or join a local park run Swimming - a low-impact activity that will help improve all aspects of your fitness Resistance training using bodyweight or free weights at a gym will help you improve your strength and tone your muscles and is also great for your mind.",brainstorming Give me three different ways to reuse a paper grocery bag.,,There are many ways to reuse paper bags. You can draw on an empty grocery bag and turn it in to a sign. They can be used as temporary garbage cans if you are in a pinch. You can also cut grocery bags up and use them for arts and crafts.,brainstorming "Given a reference text about Mushulatubbee, when did he sign the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek","Mushulatubbee (Choctaw AmoshuliTabi, ""Determined to Kill"") (born c. 1750–1770, died c. 1838) was the chief of the Choctaw Okla Tannap (""Lower Towns""), one of the three major Choctaw divisions during the early 19th century. When the Principal Chief Greenwood LeFlore stayed in Mississippi at the time of removal, Mushulatubbee was elected as principal chief, leading the tribe to Indian Territory. In 1812 he had led his warriors to assist General Andrew Jackson in the war against the Creek Red Sticks, known as the Creek Wars. In December 1824 Mushulatubbee was one of three principal chiefs leading a Choctaw delegation to Washington to seek help against encroaching European-American settlers. Pushmataha and Apuckshunubbee were the other chiefs; Apuckshunubbee, age 80, died before they reached Washington, and Pushmataha died of smallpox in the capital soon after their meeting with the government. On 26 September 1830, together with the Principal Chief Greenwood LeFlore and others, Mushulatubbee signed the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, which ceded to the US government most of the remaining Choctaw territory in Mississippi and Alabama in exchange for territory in Indian Territory. Other spellings for his name include: Mosholetvbbi, AmoshuliTvbi, Musholatubbee, Moshaleh Tubbee, and Mushulatubba. Mushulatubbee.","Mushulatubbee signed the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek on September 26, 1830.",closed_qa Extract the names of Serbian political parties mentioned in the text and put them into a bulleted list.,"Serbia's electoral system was reformed in 2011, such that parliamentary mandates were awarded in numerical order to candidates on successful lists. Milisavljević received the forty-ninth position on the Democratic Party's Choice for a Better Life list and was re-elected when the list won sixty-seven mandates. The Serbian Progressive Party and the Socialist Party of Serbia formed a new coalition government after the election, and the Democratic Party moved into opposition. In 2013, Milisavljević proposed that the government of Serbia sell its high-powered Mercedes, Audi, and BMW cars in favour of the Fiat 500L model produced in Kragujevac. This proposal received some attention in the Italian media.","* Democratic Party * Serbian Progressive Party * Socialist Party of Serbia",information_extraction What is a cashless option exercise?,,"A cashless option exercise is a method of exercising a stock option without using cash to pay the exercise price. Instead of cash, a portion of the shares are used to pay the exercise price. There are two methods of a cashless exercise. The first method is a net settlement, where the company withholds a sufficient number of shares with a fair market value equal to the aggregate exercise price, and such withheld shares constitute payment of the exercise price. The second method is a sell-to-cover (or same-day sale), where sufficient shares equal to the aggregate exercise price are sold and the proceeds are used to pay the exercise price. Generally, the second method is available only for companies whose shares are publicly traded, as there is greater complexity to use this method for privately held companies.",open_qa When did the maximum rate of water usage begin to be mandated?,"A low-flow fixture is a water saving plumbing fixture designed to achieve water savings by having a lower flow rate of water or a smaller quantity per flush. Some of these low-flow fixtures are faucets, showerheads, and toilets. In the United States a maximum water usage of conventional plumbing fixtures was federally mandated by the Energy policy act of 1992. Low-flow fixtures are designed to save water over conventional fixtures by having a lower flow rate while still maintaining satisfactory performance. The Environmental protection agency (EPA) WaterSense program has requirements for plumbing fixtures to achieve their definition for water saving low-flow.",1992,closed_qa "Which film won multiple Filmfare Awards? A. Mumbai Meri Jaan B. Govardhan C. C.I.D. D. The end titles are accompanied by the song Aye Dil Hain Mushkil.","Mumbai Meri Jaan (translation: Mumbai, My Life) is a 2008 Indian drama film directed by Nishikant Kamat and produced by Ronnie Screwvala. It stars R. Madhavan, Irrfan Khan, Soha Ali Khan, Paresh Rawal and Kay Kay Menon. It deals with the aftermath of the 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings, where 209 people lost their lives and over 700 were injured. It won multiple Filmfare Awards.Rupali Joshi (Soha Ali Khan) is a successful reporter who is getting married in two months. Nikhil Agrawal (Madhavan) is an environmentally conscious executive who rides the train to work every day and is expecting his first child. Suresh (Kay Kay Menon) is a struggling computer tech who spends his time loafing at a local cafe and criticizing Muslims. Meanwhile, Sunil Kadam (Vijay Maurya) struggles with the corruption and inefficiency of the Mumbai police force and his boss, Tukaram Patil (Paresh Rawal), who is nearing retirement.On 11 July Nikhil and Suresh are in the second class compartment of a train when a bomb goes off in the first class compartment. The two survive, but Nikhil is too afraid to take the train again and is diagnosed with acute stress disorder. Suresh becomes obsessed with punishing the city's Muslims and is only stopped from antagonising them by Kadam and Patil on patrol. Kadam and Patil abuse a street vendor named Thomas (Irrfan Khan) who begins calling in fake bomb scares at malls to relieve his feelings. After an elderly man suffers a heart attack while the police are evacuating one mall, Thomas feels guilty and decides to stop.Rupali, who rushed to the scene of the bombings to cover the story, is devastated when she discovers that her fiancé died in the blasts. Her grief is augmented when the news channel she works for tries to exploit her story for ratings. Meanwhile, Suresh pursues a Muslim that he suspects of being a terrorist. However, after Patil stops him and lectures him on communal harmony, Suresh befriends the man.After Nikhil's wife goes into labour, he is forced to take the train to get to the hospital. Mumbai stops for two minutes while the city observes a moment of silence for those killed in the bombings. Patil finally retires from the police force and Kadam forgives him for his corrupt actions. Nikhil overcomes his fear of trains and Thomas gives a rose to the elderly man whose heart attack he caused.Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie - WinnerFilmfare Best Screenplay Award - WinnerFilmfare Best Editing Award - WinnerNational Film Award for Best Special Effects for Govardhan (Tata Elxsi) - WinnerBest Feature Film at the New Generation Cinema Lyon Film Festival - WinnerBest Screenplay award at the 2009 Asia Pacific Screen Awards - NominationThe end titles are accompanied by the song \Aye Dil Hain Mushkil\"" (also known as \""Bombay Meri Jaan\"") from the 1956 film C.I.D.","The film from this prompt that won multiple Filmfare Awards was Mumbai Merj Jaan. It won the award for Best Screenplay, Best Editing, and Best Special Effects at the 2009 Asian Pacific Screen Awards.",information_extraction What is Java?,,"Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers write once, run anywhere (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of the underlying computer architecture. The syntax of Java is similar to C and C++, but has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. The Java runtime provides dynamic capabilities (such as reflection and runtime code modification) that are typically not available in traditional compiled languages. As of 2019, Java was one of the most popular programming languages in use according to GitHub, particularly for client–server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers.",open_qa Name some Hip-Hop duos.,,"Hip-Hop has seen many duos, apart from rappers who frequently collaborate there are some which form a duo under a separate name some of these are: Run the Jewels (El-P and Killer Mike) Mob Depp (Prodigy and Havoc) Black Starr (Talib Kweli and Mos Def) Kids See Ghosts (Kanye West and Kid Cudi) Bad meets Evil (Eminem and Royce da 5'9"") OutKast (Andre 3000 and Big Boi)",open_qa How did Constantine die?,"Constantine (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος, 820s or 830s – before 836) was an infant prince of the Amorian dynasty who briefly ruled as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire sometime in the 830s, alongside his father Theophilos. Most information about Constantine's short life and titular reign is unclear, although it is known that he was born sometime in the 820s or 830s and was installed as co-emperor soon after his birth. He died sometime before 836, possibly after falling into a palace cistern.",It is believed that Constantine died after falling into a palace cistern circa 836.,information_extraction What are some board or card games that you recommend for ten year olds?,,"Some games that are popular among that demographic are ""Uno"", ""Exploding Kittens"", ""War"", and ""Connect 4"".",brainstorming "Given this passage from wikipedia about the attributes of Japanese Anime, summarize the key differences between Japanese anime and other forms of animation","Anime differs from other forms of animation by its art styles, methods of animation, its production, and its process. Visually, anime works exhibit a wide variety of art styles, differing between creators, artists, and studios. While no single art style predominates anime as a whole, they do share some similar attributes in terms of animation technique and character design. Anime is fundamentally characterized by the use of limited animation, flat expression, the suspension of time, its thematic range, the presence of historical figures, its complex narrative line and, above all, a peculiar drawing style, with characters characterized by large and oval eyes, with very defined lines, bright colors and reduced movement of the lips The cinematic effects of anime differentiates itself from the stage plays found in American animation. Anime is cinematically shot as if by camera, including panning, zooming, distance and angle shots to more complex dynamic shots that would be difficult to produce in reality. In anime, the animation is produced before the voice acting, contrary to American animation which does the voice acting first.","Anime separates itself from other forms of animation through its depiction of characters, as well as portrayal of cinematic effects. Characters in anime are often drawn with very well defined features, highlighted by bold lines and bright colors, along with large oval eyes. Cinematic effects are often highlighted by dynamic shots, including panning, zooming, angle shots, as if the scene was shot on a camera.",summarization "Identify which car manufacturer is Japanese or American: Jeep, Suzuki",,"Jeep is American, Suzuki is Japanese",classification What is Adventures of Tintin?,"The Adventures of Tintin (French: Les Aventures de Tintin [lez‿avɑ̃tyʁ də tɛ̃tɛ̃]) is a series of 24 bande dessinée albums created by Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi, who wrote under the pen name Hergé. The series was one of the most popular European comics of the 20th century. By 2007, a century after Hergé's birth in 1907, Tintin had been published in more than 70 languages with sales of more than 200 million copies, and had been adapted for radio, television, theatre, and film.",Adventures of Tinting is a very popular comic book series created by Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi who wrote under the pen name Herge'. It is a series of 24 comic books that have been published in 70 languages with sales of 200 million copies.,information_extraction Please give me a short summary of the misinformed public announcements leading to the fall of the Berlin Wall,"The announcement of the regulations which brought down the Wall took place at an hour-long press conference led by Günter Schabowski, the party leader in East Berlin and the top government spokesman, beginning at 18:00 CET on 9 November and broadcast live on East German television and radio. Schabowski was joined by Minister of Foreign Trade Gerhard Beil and Central Committee members Helga Labs and Manfred Banaschak.: 352  Schabowski had not been involved in the discussions about the new regulations and had not been fully updated. Shortly before the press conference, he was handed a note from Krenz announcing the changes, but given no further instructions on how to handle the information. The text stipulated that East German citizens could apply for permission to travel abroad without having to meet the previous requirements for those trips, and also allowed for permanent emigration between all border crossings—including those between East and West Berlin. At 18:53, near the end of the press conference, ANSA's Riccardo Ehrman asked if the draft travel law of 6 November was a mistake. Schabowski gave a confusing answer that asserted it was necessary because West Germany had exhausted its capacity to accept fleeing East Germans, then remembered the note he had been given and added that a new regulation had been drafted to allow permanent emigration at any border crossing. This caused a stir in the room; amid several questions at once, Schabowski expressed surprise that the reporters had not yet seen this regulation, and started reading from the note. After this, a reporter, either Ehrman or Bild-Zeitung reporter Peter Brinkmann, both of whom were sitting in the front row at the press conference, asked when the regulations would take effect. After a few seconds' hesitation, Schabowski replied, ""As far as I know, it takes effect immediately, without delay"" (German: Das tritt nach meiner Kenntnis ... ist das sofort ... unverzüglich).: 352  This was an apparent assumption based on the note's opening paragraph; as Beil attempted to interject that it was up to the Council of Ministers to decide when it took effect, Schabowski proceeded to read this clause, which stated it was in effect until a law on the matter was passed by the Volkskammer. Crucially, a journalist then asked if the regulation also applied to the crossings to West Berlin. Schabowski shrugged and read item 3 of the note, which confirmed that it did. After this exchange, Daniel Johnson of The Daily Telegraph asked what this law meant for the Berlin Wall. Schabowski sat frozen before giving a rambling statement about the Wall being tied to the larger disarmament question. He then ended the press conference promptly at 19:00 as journalists hurried from the room. After the press conference, Schabowski sat for an interview with NBC News anchor Tom Brokaw in which he repeated that East Germans would be able to emigrate through the border and the regulations would go into effect immediately.","The announcement of the new laws which brought down the Berlin Wall took place at 6 pm on 9 November 1989, at a live press conference led by Günter Schabowski, the party leader in East Berlin. Schabowski had not been involved in the discussions about the new regulations and consequently was not adequately informed. Shortly before the press conference, he was handed a note outlining the changes to be announced, but given no further instructions on how to handle the content. The note specified that East German citizens could apply for permission to travel abroad, and permanent emigration between all border crossings—including those between East and West Berlin – would be allowed. At 6:53 pm, near the end of the press conference, when asked if the draft travel law of 6 November was a mistake, Schabowski gave a confusing answer that it was necessary because West Germany had exhausted its capacity to accept fleeing East Germans, then remembered the note he had been handed and went on to add that a new regulation had been drafted to allow permanent emigration at any border crossing. This caused a stir in the room, several questions came flying at once. When asked when the regulations would take effect, Schabowski replied hesitantly, ""As far as I know, it takes effect immediately, without delay"". And after some confused interjections between party members, when asked what this law meant for the Berlin Wall, Schabowski froze for a few moments, before blurting out something to the effect of the Wall being tied to the larger disarmament question. He then ended the press conference promptly at 7 pm, as journalists hurried out of the room.",summarization What are some good items to keep in your pantry if you want to cook Asian food?,,"Pantry items that are commonly used in eastern Asian cuisine are Soy Sauce, Fish Sauce, Oyster Sauce, rice vinegar, sesame oil, rice cooking wine (mirin), rice, and MSG.",brainstorming What is K-Pop?,"K-pop, short for Korean popular music, is a form of popular music originating in South Korea as part of South Korean culture. It includes styles and genres from around the world, such as pop, hip hop, R&B, rock, jazz, gospel, reggae, electronic dance, folk, country, disco, and classical on top of its traditional Korean music roots. The term ""K-pop"" became popular in the 2000s, especially in the international context. The Korean term for domestic pop music is gayo, which is still widely used within South Korea. While ""K-pop"" can refer to all popular music or pop music from South Korea, it is colloquially often used in a narrower sense for any Korean music and artists associated with the entertainment and idol industry in the country, regardless of the genre.","K-pop is an acronym for Korean pop music. It is a mainstream genre of music that originated in South Korea. K-pop is influenced by a variety of different musical genres such as rock, hip hop, R&B, and electronic music. K-pop groups usually consists of trained members who have designated roles such as the main vocalist, vocalists, dancer, rapper, and visual. K-pop choreographies consist of repetitive synchronized movements which tend to go viral.",summarization How should I go about meeting a romantic life partner?,,"There is no single way to go about meeting a romantic life partner however, here are some ideas. You can sign up for an online dating application and try your luck at swiping on potential matches. If that doesn't suit your fancy, you can try visiting cafes, bookstores and stores in hopes of randomly running into your person. Other popular methods include: being introduced by friends or family, trying a group activity that you find fun and engaging or simply letting luck/happenstance intervene.",open_qa What are the three teams in the mobile game Pokemon Go?,,"Pokemon Go players select a team once they reach level 5. They are part of this team throughout the game. The teams are represented by a color and a theme. Options are Yellow (Instinct), Blue (Mystic) or Red (Valor). Players in Pokemon Go are referred to as Trainers, and the Trainers from opposing teams battle for control of Gyms.",open_qa Name the states of Northeast India.,"Northeast India (officially the North Eastern Region (NER)) is the easternmost region of India representing both a geographic and political administrative division of the country. It comprises eight states—Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura (commonly known as the ""Seven Sisters""), and the ""brother"" state Sikkim. The region shares an international border of 5,182 kilometres (3,220 mi) (about 99 percent of its total geographical boundary) with several neighbouring countries – 1,395 kilometres (867 mi) with Tibet in the north, 1,640 kilometres (1,020 mi) with Myanmar in the east, 1,596 kilometres (992 mi) with Bangladesh in the south-west, 97 kilometres (60 mi) with Nepal in the west, and 455 kilometres (283 mi) with Bhutan in the north-west. It comprises an area of 262,230 square kilometres (101,250 sq mi), almost 8 percent of that of India. The Siliguri Corridor connects the region to the rest of mainland India. The states of North Eastern Region are officially recognised under the North Eastern Council (NEC), constituted in 1971 as the acting agency for the development of the north eastern states. Long after induction of NEC, Sikkim formed part of the North Eastern Region as the eighth state in 2002. India's Look-East connectivity projects connect Northeast India to East Asia and ASEAN. Guwahati city in Assam is called the Gateway to the North East and is the largest metropolis in North East India.","Northeast India comprises eight states—Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, and Sikkim.",information_extraction What is the difference between an evergreen and deciduous tree?,,"Evergreen trees keep their leaves year around, whereas deciduous trees lose their leaves during the fall and winter and regrow them in the spring and summer",open_qa "From the passage provided, list the traits which are often associated with Procrastination (in a comma separated manner).","Procrastination is the action of unnecessarily and voluntarily delaying or postponing something despite knowing that there will be negative consequences for doing so. The word has originated from the Latin word procrastinatus, which itself evolved from the prefix pro-, meaning ""forward,"" and crastinus, meaning ""of tomorrow."" Oftentimes, it is a habitual human behaviour. It is a common human experience involving delay in everyday chores or even putting off salient tasks such as attending an appointment, submitting a job report or academic assignment, or broaching a stressful issue with a partner. Although typically perceived as a negative trait due to its hindering effect on one's productivity often associated with depression, low self-esteem, guilt and inadequacy, it can also be considered a wise response to certain demands that could present risky or negative outcomes or require waiting for new information to arrive. From a cultural and a social perspective, students from both Western and non-Western cultures are found to exhibit academic procrastination, but for different reasons. Students from Western cultures tend to procrastinate in order to avoid doing worse than they have done before or from failing to learn as much as they should have, whereas students from non-Western cultures tend to procrastinate in order to avoid looking incompetent, or to avoid demonstrating a lack of ability in front of their peers. It is also important to consider how different cultural perspectives of time management can impact procrastination. For example, in cultures that have a multi-active view of time, people tend to place a higher value on making sure a job is done accurately before finishing. In cultures with a linear view of time, people tend to designate a certain amount of time on a task and stop once the allotted time has expired.","Based on the passage provided, here are the traits which are often associated with Procrastination: depression, low self-esteem, guilt, inadequacy.",information_extraction "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Fancy rat, Sugar glider",,"Fancy rat is domesticated, Sugar glider is wild.",classification Write a short story about a person who discovers a hidden room in their house. The story should include a plot twist and a clear resolution at the end.,,"Alice was a housewife living in a small suburban town. One day, she was looking around her house and noticed a small door near the back of the garage. Curious, she opened the door and stepped into a hidden room. She was amazed to find that it was filled with books and other items that were locked away in the room. Alice was fascinated and started to explore the room, reading the books and looking at the items. She soon realized that the room was actually a secret passageway that connected the garage to a secret underground city. Alice was amazed to find out that the city was filled with all sorts of strange and magical creatures, hidden away from the rest of the world. She spent days exploring the city and learning more about the magical creatures. Eventually, she was able to return home and share her discovery with the rest of her family. Alice's discovery of the secret city and the magical creatures was a life-changing experience for her and her family. It was a truly magical moment that changed the course of her life.",creative_writing What is a credit score?,,"A credit score is a numerical representation of a person's ability to buy using credit and paying off the credit spent. How much debt and how many credit cards a person has plays a factor in this numerical value. This value also represents the person's credit worthiness and information from credit bureaus helps to calculate the credit score. Credit scores are important when trying to get loans for things like cars, homes, and other things a person buys using financing.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Erxian, Alfaia",,"Erxian is string, Alfaia is percussion.",classification "In this reference text summarizing plot of the book The High King, how did the sword Dyrnwyn lose its power?","The story begins only days after the conclusion of Taran Wanderer. With winter approaching, Taran and his companion Gurgi return from their wanderings to Caer Dallben after getting news from Kaw the crow that Princess Eilonwy has returned from the Isle of Mona. Indeed, they find her at home, along with her escort King Rhun of Mona and the former giant Glew, who had been magically restored to human size by a potion from Dallben. Before Taran can propose to Eilonwy, the bard-king Fflewddur Fflam and his mount Llyan arrive with a gravely injured Gwydion, Prince of Don. Servants of Arawn had assaulted them and seized the magical black sword Dyrnwyn. Fflewddur also states that Taran was involved in the ambush, baffling everyone. With Achren's help, the truth is determined: Arawn himself has come from Annuvin to the verge of Caer Dallben in the guise of Taran, in order to lure Gwydion into the ambush. Because Dyrnwyn may be pivotal as a threat to Arawn, Dallben consults the oracular pig Hen Wen to determine how it may be regained. During the reading, the ash rods used to communicate shatter and the two thirds of Hen Wen's answer are discouraging and vague. When Gwydion heals sufficiently, he sets out with Taran and others to meet with King Smoit. Gwydion insists that he alone should enter Annuvin to seek the sword, but Smoit's Cantrev Cadiffor is on the way. The small party divides, as Rhun and Eilonwy intend to visit the ships of Mona en route. When Gwydion, Taran, and others reach Caer Cadarn, they are imprisoned by Magg, the treacherous former Chief Steward of Mona, who has entered service with Arawn and taken over the fortress. When Eilonwy approaches with the other party, she detects something amiss and they cautiously send Fflewddur Fflam to the fortress as a bard. After entertaining the soldiers for a night, he returns with the bad news. Then the companions encounter Gwystyl of the Fair Folk outside the stronghold, en route home after closing the waypost near Annuvin, personally bearing final observations to King Eiddileg about preparations for war by Arawn's forces. With Gwystyl's assistance and store of magical smokes, fires, and concealments, the companions break in and free the prisoners. The plan goes awry, however; King Smoit and his men are finally able to regain control only by Rhun's intervention, which costs his life. Learning from Gwystyl of the activities in Annuvin, Gwydion turns from the quest for Dyrnwyn to planning for battle at Caer Dathyl. Gwystyl, Fflewddur, and Taran leave to gather support, respectively from the Fair Folk, the northern realms, and the Free Commots. Kaw, sent out by Taran to reconnoiter the enemy, is attacked by Gwythaints while spying near Annuvin, but manages to reach Medwyn, who asks all the creatures of air and land to oppose the forces of Arawn. Taran, Coll, Eilonwy, and Gurgi muster the Commots, who rally to their friendship with Taran, and sends them marching in groups to Caer Dathyl while the smiths and weavers rallied by Hevydd and Dwyvach work day and night to equip them. Soon after Taran and the last Commots reach Caer Dathyl, King Pryderi arrives from the western realms. In council he announces his new allegiance to Arawn, for the good of all, because ""Arawn will do what the Sons of Don have failed to do: Make an end of endless wars among the cantrevs, and bring peace where there was none before."" He is rejected utterly but permitted to return unharmed to his army, and at the next day the battle begins. Although the Sons of Don and allies initially have the best of it, the Cauldron-Born arrive en masse before evening, overwhelming the allies and razing Caer Dathyl to the ground. With High King Math killed, Gwydion is proclaimed the new High King. With the bulk of the Cauldron-Born deployed outside of Annuvin, Gwydion determines that the best chance is to attack while it is guarded by mortal men alone. He will lead the Sons of Don to waiting ships on the north coast and attack by sea, while Taran leads the Commots to delay the Cauldron-Born's return march, as their power wanes with time and distance from Annuvin. Taran and his army are able to hold the tired Cauldron-Born warriors beyond arm's length by brute force, and turn the march from a straight and easy route into the rugged hills, although Coll dies in battle. Thanks to a company of Fair Folk, and to the animals sent by Medwyn, they destroy most of the Huntsmen who accompany and lead the undead. At last the Cauldron-Born break free of the hills and return to the lowland route. Regaining strength as they near Annuvin, it would be futile for the exhausted allies to meet them head-on again, so inevitably they take the long, easy route to Arawn's stronghold. Taran and the remainder of his army finally reach Annuvin by a combination of the direct route, a mountain path of Doli's, and a secret pass over Mount Dragon shown to them by Achren. Taran sees that victory is nearly in Gwydion's hands, but also that the Cauldron-Born are about to reach Annuvin. In his alarm, Taran nearly falls off Mount Dragon, but is saved by the now-grown Gwythaint he had rescued so many years ago (The Book of Three). In a desperate attempt to fight off a group of Cauldron-Born who have discovered him on the mountain, he rolls a rock at them, and discovers Dyrnwyn in the hollow the stone occupied. Wielding Dyrnwyn, Taran slays the undead warrior who approaches to slay him, and at that instant all of the Cauldron-Born die as one. Taran's group enters the fray, and the battle continues through the halls of Annuvin. Taran is almost deceived by Arawn - who has taken the guise of Gwydion - into giving up the sword. After the chaotic defeat of Arawn's forces, the companions gather before the Great Hall. Achren identifies Arawn in the form of a nearby serpent preparing to strike Taran and grabs him. He strikes her fatally, but Taran kills him with Dyrnwyn. With the death of Arawn, the stronghold of Annuvin bursts in flame and falls in ruins, destroying all of the magical implements inside; only Gurgi manages to save several scrolls containing knowledge of farming, smithing, and other crafts. The sword Dyrnwyn begins to fade, losing its magic. The allies travel to Caer Dallben, where Gwydion tells them that in victory the Sons of Don, with all kinsmen and kinswomen, must return to the Summer Country. Indeed, all those who still have magic will depart, and the Fair Folk and Medwyn have closed their realms to outsiders. Dallben and Eilonwy must also go, and others who have served well, Taran among them, are given the chance to accompany them. Taran proposes to Eilonwy at last, and she accepts. The Sons of Don plan to leave the next day. However, Taran becomes uncomfortable about his decision overnight. The witches Orddu, Orwen and Orgoch appear before him and reveal that they too are departing, and leave him with an unfinished tapestry depicting his life. He realizes there is much work to be done to rebuild Prydain, and he has made many promises; so he determines to remain behind. Eilonwy is able to willingly give up her magical nature in order to remain with him, and the two are married. Dallben reveals that with this last quest, Taran has completed a path prophesied in the Book of Three whereby an orphan of ""no station in life"" would succeed the Sons of Don as High King. Dallben had traveled to seek such a one and try to hasten the day of Arawn's defeat; on this journey, he found a baby, hidden in the trees beside a battlefield and without any token of parentage, and took it in under the name Taran. Taran receives many gifts, including The Book of Three itself, although its powers, like all magic in Prydain, have also faded away with Arawn's demise, leaving it only as a mere chronicle of Taran's life. With Eilonwy by his side, Taran accepts his new responsibility and is hailed by his friends and battle companions as the new High King.","When Taran killed Arawn with Dyrnwyn in the stronghold of Annuvin, all magical implements inside were destroyed - Dyrnwyn also lost its magic.",closed_qa Is the sun hot?,,"Yes the sun is hot, however the surface of the sun is approximately 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit, or as the rest of the world would recognise, 5,500 degrees Celsius. At the core however, temperatures are much hotter, 27 million degrees Fahrenheit (15 million degrees Celsius) which is necessary to maintain the fusion reaction which provides the warmth we feel. Once all the hydrogen is convert to helium with fusion, the sun will no longer exert external pressure and will likely become a neutron star.",open_qa What is a mainframe?,,"A mainframe is the central data repository, or hub , in a corporation's data processing center, linked to users through less powerful devices such as workstations or terminals.",open_qa write a scene between two actors discussing movie Inception,,"Actress 1: ""Oh my god, have you seen Inception?"" Actor 2: ""Yes! That movie blew my mind. What did you think of it?"" Actress 1: ""Honestly, I was so confused for most of it. But it was so interesting, I couldn't look away. I had to know what was going on."" Actor 2: ""That's exactly how I felt. It's one of those movies that you have to pay attention to every detail, or you'll get lost."" Actress 1: ""Absolutely. And the way they played with time and reality was so cool. I don't think I've ever seen a movie like that before."" Actor 2: ""Yeah, the concept of entering someone's dreams to implant an idea was mind-boggling. And the way they executed it was so well done."" Actress 1: ""It was. And the cast was amazing too. Leonardo DiCaprio was incredible as usual, and I loved seeing Ellen Page in a different type of role."" Actor 2: ""Definitely. And the action scenes were so intense. The zero-gravity hallway fight was insane."" Actress 1: ""Oh my god, yes. I was on the edge of my seat for that one. And the ending...I still can't decide what it means."" Actor 2: ""I know, right? It's one of those movies that leaves you with so many questions. But that's part of what makes it so great."" Actress 1: ""Exactly. I love when movies challenge me to think and leave me wanting more. Inception definitely did that."" Actor 2: ""Agreed. It's definitely one of my all-time favorites. I could watch it a hundred times and still discover something new."" Actress 1: ""Same here. It's just one of those movies that sticks with you long after it's over.""",creative_writing "Tell me which months have 30 days and which have 31 days, based on this list: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December.",,"Months that have 30 days are: April, June, September and November. Months that have 31 days are: January, March, May, July, August, October and December.",classification What is Baumkuchen made of?,"Baumkuchen (German pronunciation: [ˈbaʊ̯mˌkuːxn̩] (listen)) is a kind of spit cake from German cuisine. It is also a popular dessert in Japan. The characteristic rings that appear in its slices resemble tree rings, and give the cake its German name, Baumkuchen, which literally translates to ""tree cake"" or ""log cake"". History It is disputed who made the first Baumkuchen and where it was first baked. One theory is that it was invented in the German town of Salzwedel, which is further popularized by the town itself. Another theory suggests it began as a Hungarian wedding cake.[citation needed] In Ein new Kochbuch (lit. ""A New Cookbook""), the first cookbook written for professional chefs by Marx Rumpolt, there is a recipe for Baumkuchen. This publication puts the origin of Baumkuchen as far back at 1581, the year the cookbook was first published. Marx Rumpolt had previously worked as a chef in Hungary and Bohemia.[citation needed] Characteristics Baumkuchen baked on a spit Traditionally, Baumkuchen is made on a spit by brushing on even layers of batter and then rotating the spit around a heat source. Each layer is allowed to brown before a new layer of batter is poured. When the cake is removed and sliced, each layer is divided from the next by a golden line, resembling the growth rings on a crosscut tree. A typical Baumkuchen is made up of 15 to 20 layers of batter. However, the layering process for making Baumkuchen can continue until the cakes are quite large. Skilled pastry chefs have been known to create cakes with 25 layers and weighing over 100 pounds (45 kg). When cooked on a spit, it is not uncommon for a finished Baumkuchen to be 3–4 feet (0.91–1.22 m) tall. Baumkuchen ingredients are typically butter, eggs, sugar, vanilla, salt, and flour. Baking powder is not considered a traditional ingredient. The ratio of flour, butter and eggs is typically 1:1:2 respectively (i.e., 100 grams of flour, 100 grams of butter and 200 grams of eggs). The recipe can be varied by adding other ingredients, such as ground nuts, honey, marzipan, nougat and rum or brandy, to the batter or filling. Additionally, Baumkuchen may be covered with sugar or chocolate glaze. With some recipes, the fully baked and cooled Baumkuchen is first coated with marmalade or jam, and then covered with chocolate.","Baumkuchen ingredients are typically butter, eggs, sugar, vanilla, salt, and flour. Baking powder is not considered a traditional ingredient. The ratio of flour, butter and eggs is typically 1:1:2 respectively (i.e., 100 grams of flour, 100 grams of butter and 200 grams of eggs).",information_extraction Summarize the four basic principles of GAAP accounting,"To achieve basic objectives and implement fundamental qualities, GAAP has four basic assumptions, four basic principles, and four basic constraints. Assumptions Business Entity: assumes that the business is separate from its owners or other businesses. Revenue and expense should be kept separate from personal expenses. Going Concern: assumes that the business will be in operation indefinitely. This validates the methods of asset capitalization, depreciation, and amortization. Only when liquidation is certain this assumption is not applicable. The business will continue to exist in the unforeseeable future. Monetary Unit principle: assumes a stable currency is going to be the unit of record. The FASB accepts the nominal value of the US Dollar as the monetary unit of record unadjusted for inflation. Time-period principle: implies that the economic activities of an enterprise can be divided into artificial time periods. Principles Historical cost principle: requires companies to account and report assets and liabilities acquisition costs rather than fair market value. This principle provides information that is reliable (removing opportunity to provide subjective and potentially biased market values), but not very relevant. Thus there is a trend to use fair values. Most debts and securities are now reported at market values. Revenue recognition principle: holds that companies should record revenue when earned but not when received. The flow of cash does not have any bearing on the recognition of revenue. This is the essence of accrual basis accounting. Conversely, however, losses must be recognized when their occurrence becomes probable, whether or not it has actually occurred. This comports with the constraint of conservatism, yet brings it into conflict with the constraint of consistency, in that reflecting revenues/gains is inconsistent with the way in which losses are reflected. Matching principle: expenses have to be matched with revenues as long as it is reasonable to do so. Expenses are recognized not when the work is performed, or when a product is produced, but when the work or the product actually makes its contribution to revenue. Only if no connection with revenue can be established, cost may be charged as expenses to the current period (e.g., office salaries and other administrative expenses). This principle allows greater evaluation of actual profitability and performance (shows how much was spent to earn revenue). Depreciation and Cost of Goods Sold are good examples of application of this principle. Full disclosure principle: Amount and kinds of information disclosed should be decided based on trade-off analysis as a larger amount of information costs more to prepare and use. Information disclosed should be enough to make a judgment while keeping costs reasonable. Information is presented in the main body of financial statements, in the notes or as supplementary information Constraints Objectivity principle: The company financial statements provided by the accountants should be based on objective evidence. Materiality principle: The significance of an item should be considered when it is reported. An item is considered significant when it would affect the decision of a reasonable individual. Consistency principle: The company uses the same accounting principles and methods from period to period. Conservatism principle: When choosing between two solutions, the one which has the less favorable outcome is the solution which should be chosen (see convention of conservatism) Cost Constraint: The benefits of reporting financial information should justify and be greater than the costs imposed on supplying it.","The four basic principles of GAAP accounting are: 1. Historical Cost Principle: Accounting and reporting assets and liabilities acquisition costs instead of their fair market value 2. Revenue Recognition Principle: Record revenue when earned instead of received 3. Matching Principle: Expenses must be matched with revenues 4. Full Disclosure Principle: The amount of information disclosed must be based on a trade-off analysis between cost and transparency",summarization "Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Lancia, Lincoln",,"Lancia is Italian, Lincoln is American",classification Which was the first satellite launched by China?,,Dongfanghong-1 was the first satellite launched by China,open_qa What city is Microsoft Based in?,,"Redmond, Wa",open_qa "Given a reference text about Pampaneira, tell me how many people live there, where it's located, and its elevation above sea level.","Pampaneira is a village located in the province of Granada, Spain. According to the 2005 census (INE), the village has a population of 355 inhabitants. It is one of three mountain villages of the Barranco de Poqueira in the Alpujarras region. The other two villages, Bubión and Capileira, are located higher in the Poqueira gorge. The Poqueira gorge starts below the mountain peak of Mulhacén, where the river Poqueira rises. There are many opportunities for hiking in the area. Guided walks are arranged by the local tourist offices which also sell mountain hiking equipment. Other companies can plan self-guided treks through the area. The nearest major town is Órgiva. One of the highest all year-round lived-in mountain village in Spain, Trevélez is located nearby in the mountains to the east of the three villages. Accommodation is available in all of the three villages but Capileira has the biggest range of facilities. At the north side opens the Sierra Nevada (Spain) range with one of the highest peaks in Spain ; Mulhacén and Alcazaba (Sierra Nevada). The village is located at about 1060 metres above sea level. There are many craft shops selling ceramics, leather and clothes. Also on offer are the locally produced specialities of cheese and ham. During the winter the Sierra Nevada and the Alpujarra mountains get covered in snow but the villages are rarely affected by snow for more than a few days a time. There are bus connections running every day from the town of Granada, Spain.","Pampaneira is located in the province of Granada, Spain and is 1060 metres above sea level. 355 people live in Pampaneira according to the 2005 census.",closed_qa Is the Vex or FIRST robotics competition a better choice for a child in high school?,,"Both VEX and FIRST have very strong robotics competitions for the high school level. If you are a parent choosing between the two, multiple factors need to be taken into consideration. The first factor is the availability of a robotics program in your area. While you can form an independent team that is not affiliated with your school or another organization, it will require a significant financial and time investment. At the high school level teams typically design their robots with CAD software and must machine the parts themselves. Teams often consist of 20 or more members so that all of the aspects of the competition can be covered, such as creating and assembling the hardware, electrical wiring, systems design, programming and documenting the engineering process. All of the parts and equipment need to be purchased and maintained, and members put in a lot of hours during the competition season. Joining a pre-existing team that already has equipment, members and mentors familiar with a program will make it easiest for a child to participate, regardless of which competition the team is a part of. If both VEX and FIRST programs are available, then it depends on how intense of an experience the child is interested in. The VEX competition has a lower barrier to entry because it requires smaller robots. Two pairs of robots compete against each other in a match to see which pair can get more points. While teams will need to machine some parts and must have skills in electrical and software design, a team can be smaller and still compete effectively. The FIRST competition involves much larger and more complex robots and challenges. Two alliances of three robots each compete against each other in a match, with a total of six robots on the field at once. Teams need to have more members to effectively compete, and participants need more in-depth training on hardware, electrical, system and software design. There is also a business requirement, where teams have to create a marketing banner, brochure and video for their team to submit as part of the competition. Whether you choose VEX or FIRST, a child in high school that participates in a well-run robotics program will gain valuable engineering and organizational experience that will serve them well, both on a college application and after graduation.",open_qa "Given the reference text about the Amazon Rainforest, where is it located, including all countries it spreads across, how large is it, and how many people reside within it?","The Amazon rainforest, also called Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 square km (2,700,000 square miles), of which 5,500,000 square km (2,100,000 square miles) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories. The majority of the forest, 60%, is in Brazil, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Four nations have ""Amazonas"" as the name of one of their first-level administrative regions, and France uses the name ""Guiana Amazonian Park"" for French Guiana's protected rainforest area. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees in about 16,000 species. More than 30 million people of 350 different ethnic groups live in the Amazon, which are subdivided into 9 different national political systems and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories. Indigenous peoples make up 9% of the total population, and 60 of the groups remain largely isolated.","Located in South America, the Amazon rainforest spreads across Brazil, Peru. Columbia, Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. The rainforest covers 5,500,000 square km (2,100,000 square miles) where more than 30 million people reside.",closed_qa What hemispheres is the United States in?,,The US is in the Northern and Western Hemispheres,open_qa "Which of these four novels has the least in common with the others? 1. Red Harvest by Dashiell Hammett 2. One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez 3. The Big Sleep by Raymond Chandler 4. The Hound of the Baskervilles by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle",,"One Hundred Years of Solitude has the least in common with the other books. It is part of a genre called Magical Realism, which depicts a world that strongly resembles real life but contains magical aspects that would normally be found in the Fantasy genre. The other three novels are all Detective fiction, and belong to the Hardboiled sub-genre. Hardboiled detective stories typically feature a deeply cynical (and often unlikable) protagonist, organized crime elements, and a prohibition-era setting.",classification How many types of serves exist in tennis?,"A serve (or, more formally, a service) in tennis is a shot to begin the point. The most common serve is used is an overhead serve. It is initiated by tossing the ball into the air over the server's head and hitting it when the arm is fully stretched out (usually near the apex of its trajectory) into the diagonally opposite service box without touching the net. The server may employ different types of serve: a flat, a top-spin, an American twist (or kick), or a slice serve. A severely sliced serve is sometimes called a sidespin. Some servers are content to use the serve simply to initiate the point; advanced players often try to hit a winning shot with their serve. A winning serve that is not touched by the opponent is called an ace.","There are different serve types in tennis. Overhead serve, flat serve, top-spin serve, kick serve and slice serve are some of the serve types.",information_extraction What has the IETF ALTO working group accomplished?,"Starting around 2005, the widespread use of peer-to-peer applications such as BitTorrent was a serious concern to many network operators, as the massive amounts of network traffic caused by these applications had a significant impact on traffic engineering and revenues. Some network operators tried to throttle this traffic. In May 2008, in an IETF Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Infrastructure, several areas of work were identified: 1. A standardized interface for the exchange of information between the underlying IP network and an overlay network, such as a peer-to-peer network. The basic idea is, that if the overlay network was aware of the topology and the cost for sending traffic through the underlying IP network, it could optimize decisions with respect to the overlay network's topology (e.g., peer selection) and routing of traffic through the overlay network. The result would be better performance or Quality of Experience in the application while reducing the utilization of the underlying network infrastructure. This work item led to the establishment of the IETF ALTO working group. 2. Content caches in the network. This has been studied in the IETF DECADE working group. However, no new protocol has been developed and standardized. 3. A new congestion control mechanism in the transport layer for background traffic, which ""yields"" to standard TCP. This was worked on in the IETF LEDBAT working group and has been standardized in RFC 6817. 4. A new DiffServ code point to mark IP packets to have a lower priority than the default ""best effort"" category has been standardized in RFC 8622. The IETF ALTO working group was established in November 2008. The first deliverables were the problem statement, the requirements document, the specification of the core ALTO protocol and an ALTO server discovery mechanism. Since then, various extensions have been specified (see below) or are still work in progress (see IETF ALTO Datatracker). Originally designed to support peer-to-peer file sharing, the concept is broadly applicable to many network problems. However, as of 2021 it has not achieved widespread deployment in the internet. Nevertheless, there have been experiments in Internet service provider (ISP) networks and a deployment to support large data transfers for the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.","The IETF ALTO working group was formed to solve the problems caused by the widespread use of peer-to-peer applications such as BitTorrent. The working group has provided a problem statement, requirements document, and the specifications of the core ALTO protocol and ALTO server discovery mechanism. There is still no widespread adoption of the ALTO protocol as of 2021 although some Internet service provider (ISP) networks have experimented with it, and CERN has deployed it to support large data transfers for the Large Hadron Collider.",information_extraction Why do people get sore after working out?,,"Muscle soreness occurs because muscle and the connective tissue around it get damaged during exercise, such as weight lifting or high intensity training. This kind of natural breakdown is natural and needed for muscle growth, since muscle grows back stronger during the body's repair process. During this process the affected muscle fibers increase in strength and thickness. Additionally, people tend to experience lactic acid buildup prior to exercise as your body uses oxygen to convert glucose to energy. During exercise, if there is a lack of oxygen for this process, you may produce a substance called lactate. Many people believe that soreness comes from the buildup of this lactic acid, but the real contributor is the breakdown of muscle from usage.",open_qa How can you take good star photos?,,"Taking good star photos requires 3 critical elements: good observation conditions, good equipment and plenty of time. Picking a dark site without a lot of light pollution that's away from cities and other strong sources of light is a must. The weather also has to be clear, without clouds, and preferably on a night without full moon which is another source of light pollution. On the equipment side, if you're planning to use a cellphone, make sure that it has a night mode and you have a way to keep it immobile for the duration of the photo, which could take 4 or more minutes. You will get better results with a digital camera as those have larger lenses which can capture more light. Also remember that the longer the photo, the more the earth will turn, causing your starts to appear as trails in the photo - which may or may not be desired. For professional looking photos you'll need a telescope, and remember that no matter what you do, your photos won't look anything like those coming from Hubble and other large telescopes. Lastly, plan on spending plenty of time - the longer the exposure the better you can see the stars, and you might want to take several photos - try different parts of the sky, see what happens when you include the ground or not, and remember to let your eyes adjust to the dark and look around yourself, while you're taking the photos!",open_qa A lead or A manager?,,"Both are importent, 1. A manager is important to keep your work organized and get the timeline done 2. A leader is needed to guide you technically",brainstorming What is the .NET Framework?,,.NET Framework is a managed execution environment for Windows that allows software developers to create a software application in one programming language and be assured that the app will be able to work with code written in other languages.,open_qa "Given this paragraph about Eric Clapton, what solo accomplishments help rank him as one of the most influential guitarists of all time?","Clapton has been referred to as one of the most important and influential guitarists of all time. Clapton is the only three-time inductee to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: once as a solo artist, and separately as a member of the Yardbirds and Cream. He ranked second in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the ""100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time"" and fourth in Gibson's Top 50 Guitarists of All Time.","Inductee as a solo artist into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame; Ranking 2nd in Rolling Stone Magazine's list of the ""100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time;"" Ranking 4th in Gibson's Top 50 Guitarists of All Time",closed_qa What is a nickname of Jiang Zemin,"Moha (Chinese: 膜蛤; pinyin: Mó Há, pronounced [muǒ.xǎ]), literally ""admiring toad"" or ""toad worship"", is an internet meme spoofing Jiang Zemin, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and paramount leader. It originated among the netizens in mainland China and has become a subculture on the Chinese internet. According to another explanation, it comes from China's social media Baidu Tieba. In the culture, Jiang is nicknamed há, or ""toad"", because of his supposed resemblance to a toad. Netizens who móhá (worship the toad) call themselves ""toad fans"", ""toad lovers"" or ""toad worshippers"" (simplified Chinese: 蛤丝; traditional Chinese: 蛤絲), or ""mogicians"" (膜法师; 膜法師) which is a wordplay on mófǎshī (魔法师; 魔法師, magician) in Mandarin.[note 1] Another nickname for Jiang is ""elder"" or ""senior"" (长者; 長者; Zhǎngzhě), because he once called himself an ""elder"" or ""senior"" when he was berating Hong Kong journalist Sharon Cheung who questioned him. A video clip recording this event spread on the internet and led to the rise of the culture, which later greatly rose in popularity around 2014, when Hong Kong was experiencing a period of political instability. Initially, netizens extracted Jiang's quotes from the video and imitated his wording and tone, for parody and insult. However, as the culture developed, some imitations have taken to carrying affection toward him. The quotes for imitation have also evolved to include what he said during his leadership, and in his personal life.",Elder or senior,closed_qa Give me a list of some different summer holidays that occur in the United States,,"Some summer Holidays include Memorial Day, Fourth of July, Juneteenth and Labor Day",brainstorming "In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Targaryen?",,"While the Targaryen family has years of historic ties to Valyria, it wasn't until Aegon's Conquest in the year 1 AC was the family established as a Westerosi House; Aegon the Conqueror is the house's founder.",open_qa "Given a reference text about the Mid-South Grizzlies vs NFL, what was the result of the lawsuit?","Mid-South Grizzlies v. NFL, 720 F.2d 772 (3d Cir. 1983), was a lawsuit filed by John F. Bassett, the owner of the World Football League's Memphis Grizzlies against the National Football League claiming that the NFL violated the antitrust laws by refusing to admit his club to their league. The court found that the NFL had not acquired or maintained its monopoly power unlawfully and that the refusal to expand to Memphis did not contribute to its maintenance. It further elaborated that such refusal was actually procompetitive because it left the Memphis area open to rival leagues. By the time the lawsuit had settled, Bassett had gone on to found the Tampa Bay Bandits of the United States Football League, while Memphis received the Memphis Showboats of the same league. As such, the case effectively became moot. (Incidentally, the USFL would go on to file a much more famous antitrust suit against the NFL a few years later, which while successfully decided against the NFL, provided only a cursory monetary award to the USFL; ironically, Bassett was an outspoken opponent of that lawsuit.)",The court ruled that the NFL had not acquired or maintained its monopoly power unlawfully and that the refusal to expand to Memphis did not contribute to its maintenance.,closed_qa How to tell if someone told a good joke?,,"You can tell if someone said a good joke if it makes a person laugh or giggle after it was communicated. You can also tell if a good joke was said by an audience reaction to the joke, if they cheer, or if they boo. Booing is a sign the joke was not so good, and cheering is a sign the joke was good. A reaction of silence to a joke means the joke was not understood. If you or an audience don't understand the context of joke make sure to ask for clarification so you can take part in cheering or booing depending on how you respond to it.",open_qa Name five Shakespeare plays or dramas.,,"Shakespeare has written approximately 39 dramatic works and collaborated on many more. His most renowned five dramas and plays include: A Midsummer Night's Dream Hamlet Romeo and Juliet Macbeth Julius Caesar",open_qa Why are Dr. Seuss books so good?,,"Dr. Suess books are written in a different style from traditional books. They are written with a play on words, have made up words that are tongue twisters, and use carefully crafted silly rhyming and poetry to make the reading fun. Some of the most famous Dr. Seuss books are Green Eggs and Ham, Cat in in the Hat, and How the Grinch Stole Christmas. An example of the poetry and rhyming from a Dr Seuss book is ""one fish, two fish, red fish, blue fish"" and ""look at me, look at me, look at me now, its fun to have fun, but you have to know how.""",open_qa What is Debezium?,,"Debezium is a change data capture (CDC) tool for capturing CDC change logs from databases related to updates, deletes, and inserts to source tables. Debezium can access these logs and that information can be used downstream to update CDC changes against copies of the source tables in a different platform system. Debezium is also open source. FiveTran is a competitor to Debezium but they charge for the CDC service they offer.",open_qa List all the school districts in the following paragraph in a bullet list.,"The City of Drew is served by the Sunflower County Consolidated School District. Elementary school students attend A. W. James Elementary School in Drew and middle school students attend Drew Hunter Middle School in Drew. High school students attend Thomas E. Edwards, Sr. High School (formerly Ruleville Central High School) in Ruleville. Residents were previously zoned to the Drew School District. Children attended A.W. James Elementary School and Drew Hunter High School in Drew. Prior to the 2010-2011 school year the Drew School District secondary schools were Hunter Middle School and Drew High School. As of July 1, 2012, the Drew School District was consolidated with the Sunflower County School District. Drew Hunter's high school division closed as of that date, with high school students rezoned to Ruleville Central High School. Mississippi Delta Community College has the Drew Center in Drew. Sunflower County Library System operates the Drew Public Library in Drew.","Sure, that paragraph references these school districts: - Sunflower County Consolidated School District - Drew School District - Sunflower County School District Note that ""Sunflower County School District"" may be a duplicate of ""Sunflower County Consolidated School District"", but it is unclear from the context of this paragraph",information_extraction Summarise the history of the origin of the Kievan Rus' name,"Prior to the emergence of Kievan Rus' in the 9th century, most of the area north of the Black Sea, which roughly overlaps with modern-day Ukraine and Belarus, was primarily populated by eastern Slavic tribes. In the northern region around Novgorod were the Ilmen Slavs and neighboring Krivichi, who occupied territories surrounding the headwaters of the West Dvina, Dnieper and Volga rivers. To their north, in the Ladoga and Karelia regions, were the Finnic Chud tribe. In the south, in the area around Kiev, were the Poliane, a group of Slavicized tribes with Iranian origins, the Drevliane to the west of the Dnieper, and the Severiane to the east. To their north and east were the Vyatichi, and to their south was forested land settled by Slav farmers, giving way to steppe lands populated by nomadic herdsmen. There was once controversy over whether the Rus' were Varangians or Slavs, however, more recently scholarly attention has focused more on debating how quickly an ancestrally Norse people assimilated into Slavic culture. This uncertainty is due largely to a paucity of contemporary sources. Attempts to address this question instead rely on archaeological evidence, the accounts of foreign observers, and legends and literature from centuries later. To some extent, the controversy is related to the foundation myths of modern states in the region. This often unfruitful debate over origins has periodically devolved into competing nationalist narratives of dubious scholarly value being promoted directly by various government bodies, in a number of states. This was seen in the Stalinist period, when Soviet historiography sought to distance the Rus' from any connection to Germanic tribes, in an effort to dispel Nazi propaganda claiming the Russian state owed its existence and origins to the supposedly racially superior Norse tribes. More recently, in the context of resurgent nationalism in post-Soviet states, Anglophone scholarship has analyzed renewed efforts to use this debate to create ethno-nationalist foundation stories, with governments sometimes directly involved in the project. Conferences and publications questioning the Norse origins of the Rus' have been supported directly by state policy in some cases, and the resultant foundation myths have been included in some school textbooks in Russia. While Varangians were Norse traders and Vikings, some Russian and Ukrainian nationalist historians argue that the Rus' were themselves Slavs (see Anti-Normanism). Normanist theories focus on the earliest written source for the East Slavs, the Primary Chronicle, which was produced in the 12th century. Nationalist accounts on the other hand have suggested that the Rus' were present before the arrival of the Varangians, noting that only a handful of Scandinavian words can be found in Russian and that Scandinavian names in the early chronicles were soon replaced by Slavic names. Nevertheless, the close connection between the Rus' and the Norse is confirmed both by extensive Scandinavian settlements in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine and by Slavic influences in the Swedish language.Though the debate over the origin of the Rus' remains politically charged, there is broad agreement that if the proto-Rus' were indeed originally Norse, they were quickly nativized, adopting Slavic languages and other cultural practices. This position, roughly representing a scholarly consensus (at least outside of nationalist historiography), was summarized by the historian, F. Donald Logan, ""in 839, the Rus were Swedes; in 1043 the Rus were Slavs"". Recent scholarship has attempted to move past the narrow and politicized debate on origins, to focus on how and why assimilation took place so quickly. Some modern DNA testing also points to Viking origins, not only of some of the early Rus' princely family and/or their retinues but also links to possible brethren from neighboring countries like Sviatopolk I of Kiev. Ahmad ibn Fadlan, an Arab traveler during the 10th century, provided one of the earliest written descriptions of the Rus': ""They are as tall as a date palm, blond and ruddy, so that they do not need to wear a tunic nor a cloak; rather the men among them wear garments that only cover half of his body and leaves one of his hands free."" Liutprand of Cremona, who was twice an envoy to the Byzantine court (949 and 968), identifies the ""Russi"" with the Norse (""the Russi, whom we call Norsemen by another name"") but explains the name as a Greek term referring to their physical traits (""A certain people made up of a part of the Norse, whom the Greeks call [...] the Russi on account of their physical features, we designate as Norsemen because of the location of their origin.""). Leo the Deacon, a 10th-century Byzantine historian and chronicler, refers to the Rus' as ""Scythians"" and notes that they tended to adopt Greek rituals and customs. But 'Scythians' in Greek parlance is used predominantly as a generic term for nomads.","The origin of the name the Kievan Rus' has a lot of debates, especially in some countries with strong influence on nationalist ideas(for more information check ethno-nationalist foundation stories). There was once controversy over whether the Rus' were Varangians or Slavs. Some historians argue that the Rus' were themselves Slavs, while Varangians were Norse traders and Vikings. The close connection between the Rus' and the Norse is confirmed both by extensive Scandinavian settlements that were found on nowadays territories of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine and by Slavic influences in the Swedish language. Putting aside the pro-nationalist politico-historical view, we could follow historical and archeological findings that explain tribes' formations on the territory that was later names, Kievan Rus'. Liutprand of Cremona, identifies the ""Russi"" with the Norse but explains the name as a Greek term referring to their physical traits. Leo the Deacon, a 10th-century Byzantine historian and chronicler, refers to the Rus' as ""Scythians"" and notes that they tended to adopt Greek rituals and customs. But 'Scythians' in Greek parlance is used predominantly as a generic term for nomads. Before the Kievan Rus' creation or appearance, most of the area north of the Black Sea was primarily populated by eastern Slavic tribes. But it also was surrounded and populated by many more as Ilmen Slavs and neighboring Krivich, Finnic Chud tribe, Poliane, a group of Slavicized tribes with Iranian origins, the Drevliane and the Severiane together with the Vyatichi, and to their south was forested land settled by Slav farmers, giving way to steppe lands populated by nomadic herdsmen.",summarization What year did Wyoming become a state?,,1890,open_qa "Which of these would you not wear on a hot summer day? Sweatshirt, t-shirt, shorts, tank top, hat, wool coat, leather trousers, crop top.",,"The average person would likely not wear a sweatshirt, wool coat, or leather trousers on a hot summer day. A sweatshirt is generally a second layer worn on top of another article of clothing for additional warmth, which one wouldn't need on a hot day. A coat is another garment meant to layer over other clothing, and wool is a particularly warm material. Leather is not a breathable fabric, so leather trousers would also be undesirable on a hot day.",classification Is learning piano on a keyboard just as effective as learning on a grand/upright piano?,,"Since the layout of keys for both electronic keyboards and pianos are the same, keyboards could be effective for beginners. However, Pianos have more “action” than keyboards (i.e. how the keys feel when pushed down, whether they are light or heavy). So learning on a keyboard may not prepare a person for the heavier feeling of piano keys. If a piano is too costly or large, another option is learning on a keyboard with weighted keys that feel much more similar to a piano.",open_qa Where is Chiria,,"Chiria is a census town in Pashchimi Singhbhum district in the state of Jharkhand, India. India's largest iron ore mine with reserves of 2 billion tonnes of iron ore is located here. The mine is operated by Steel Authority of India Limited.",open_qa "Identify which car manufacturer is French or American: Citroen, Chrysler",,"Citroen is French, Chrysler is American",classification Extract the names of Jesse LaFollette's grandchildren from the provided passage,"Jesse LaFollette (1781 NJ-1843 Ind) was the grandfather of Robert Marion La Follette, Sr., William La Follette, and Harvey Marion LaFollette. His family lived next to the Knob Creek Farm, Kentucky owned by Thomas Lincoln during Abraham Lincoln's boyhood years. LaFollette is shown in one of the limestone panels at the Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial in Lincoln City, Indiana.","Robert Marion La Follette, Sr., William La Follette, and Harvey Marion LaFollette",information_extraction "From the passage provided, extract information about the new proposed airport in Mumbai","The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (formerly Sahar International Airport) is the main aviation hub in the city and the second busiest airport in India in terms of passenger traffic. It handled 36.6 million (3.66 crore) passengers and 694,300 tonnes of cargo during FY 2014–2015. An upgrade plan was initiated in 2006, targeted at increasing the capacity of the airport to handle up to 40 million (4 crore) passengers annually and the new terminal T2 was opened in February 2014. The proposed Navi Mumbai International airport to be built in the Kopra-Panvel area has been sanctioned by the Indian Government and will help relieve the increasing traffic burden on the existing airport. The Juhu Aerodrome was India's first airport, and now hosts the Bombay Flying Club and a heliport operated by state-owned Pawan Hans.",The proposed Navi Mumbai International airport to be built in the Kopra-Panvel area has been sanctioned by the Indian Government,information_extraction What is a whiteboard?,"A whiteboard (also known by the terms marker board, dry-erase board, dry-wipe board, and pen-board) is a glossy, usually white surface for making non-permanent markings. Whiteboards are analogous to blackboards, but with a smoother surface allowing for rapid marking and erasing of markings on their surface. The popularity of whiteboards increased rapidly in the mid-1990s and they have become a fixture in many offices, meeting rooms, school classrooms, public events and other work environments. The term whiteboard is also used metaphorically in reference to features of computer software applications that simulate whiteboards. Such ""virtual tech whiteboards"" allow one or more people to write or draw images on a simulated canvas. This is a common feature of many virtual meeting, collaboration, and instant messaging applications. The term whiteboard is also used to refer to interactive whiteboards.","A whiteboard (also known by the terms marker board, dry-erase board, dry-wipe board, and pen-board) is a glossy, usually white surface for making non-permanent markings. Whiteboards are analogous to blackboards, but with a smoother surface allowing for rapid marking and erasing of markings on their surface.",closed_qa What are the primary causes of obesity?,,"The primary causes are eating significantly more calories than you burn daily, lack of exercise/movement, lack of sleep and increased stress, your genetic makeup.",open_qa What football team did Jerome Bettis play for?,,The Steelers,open_qa What is the fastest way to travel between the United States and Croatia?,,"The fastest way to travel would be by airplane, which would be faster than a boat trip",open_qa Summarize Romania's history and founding.,"Settlement in what is now Romania began in the Lower Paleolithic followed by written records attesting the kingdom of Dacia, its conquest, and subsequent Romanization by the Roman Empire during late antiquity. The modern Romanian state was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. The new state, officially named Romania since 1866, gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877. During World War I, after declaring its neutrality in 1914, Romania fought together with the Allied Powers from 1916. In the aftermath of the war, Bukovina, Bessarabia, Transylvania, and parts of Banat, Crișana, and Maramureș became part of the Kingdom of Romania. In June–August 1940, as a consequence of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union and Northern Transylvania to Hungary. In November 1940, Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and, consequently, in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side, fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944, when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania. Following the war and occupation by the Red Army, Romania became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact. After the 1989 Revolution, Romania began a transition towards democracy and a market economy.",Romania began as Dacia and then was conquered by the Roman Empire in late antiquity. Modern Romania formed in 1859. After World War I because they joined the Allies Romania gained extra territories and the Kingdom of Romania formed. In World War II Romania was forced to cede some of it's areas. Following that Romania became a socialist republic until the 1989 Revolution when it transitioned to democracy.,summarization Who are the last three french presidents ?,,Nicolas Sarkozy was the president from May 2007 to May 2012 then Francois Hollande from May 2012 to May 2017 and finally Emmanuel Macron from May 2017 to now,brainstorming "Which is a bird or fish: Yellow wagtail, Yellowback fusilier",,"Yellow wagtail is a bird, Yellowback fusilier is a fish",classification "Given this paragraph about the history of the Calgary Flames hockey team, what year did the Calgary Flames win their only Stanley Cup","The team was founded in 1972 in Atlanta as the Atlanta Flames before relocating to Calgary in 1980. The Flames played their first three seasons in Calgary at the Stampede Corral before moving into the Scotiabank Saddledome (originally the Olympic Saddledome) in 1983. In 1985–86, the Flames became the first Calgary team since the 1923–24 Tigers to compete for the Stanley Cup. In 1988–89, the Flames won their first and only Stanley Cup title. The Flames' unexpected run to the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals gave rise to the Red Mile, and in 2011, the team hosted and won the second Heritage Classic outdoor game.",The Calgary Flames won their only Stanley Cup in 1989,closed_qa "If I have more pieces at the time of stalemate, have I won?","Stalemate is a situation in chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check and has no legal move. Stalemate results in a draw. During the endgame, stalemate is a resource that can enable the player with the inferior position to draw the game rather than lose. In more complex positions, stalemate is much rarer, usually taking the form of a swindle that succeeds only if the superior side is inattentive.[citation needed] Stalemate is also a common theme in endgame studies and other chess problems. The outcome of a stalemate was standardized as a draw in the 19th century. Before this standardization, its treatment varied widely, including being deemed a win for the stalemating player, a half-win for that player, or a loss for that player; not being permitted; and resulting in the stalemated player missing a turn. Stalemate rules vary in other games of the chess family.","No. Stalemate is a drawn position. It doesn't matter who has captured more pieces or is in a winning position",information_extraction When is Original Joe's Day in San Francisco?,"San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee declared January 26 as ""Original Joe's Day"".",January 26,closed_qa How do you get a six pack?,,You can get a six pack through regular exercise to keep your weight in control first. If you want a six pack a daily regime of sit ups will be necessary to keep your six pack strong and consistency trained. Diet is the most important thing if you want a six pack because it will keep your mid-section lean to show the six pack definition. It has also been shown that without diet your six pack will never be as cut as it could be had you dieted.,open_qa "Of the statements listed, identify the ones that show politically bias: I think Trump is a better leader, I think you should vote for Biden, Modi is the leader India needs now, I am almost Liberal, Leftist propoganda, democrats are better, Global warming is a myth, I like meat, you should drink milk, cows should be protected, I support a certain religion, LGBTQ rights are important, people of color need to be represented, immigrants help the country, gun laws are needed",,"These statements show that one is politically biased : I think Trump is a better leader, I think you should vote for Biden, Modi is the leader India needs now, I am almost Liberal, Leftist propoganda, democrats are better",classification "In climbing, what is a hand jam?",,"Hand jamming is a technique used in crack climbing used to support the climbers upper body. The climber places their hand in a crack, then flexes their thumb towards the palm to expand their hand, creating friction between the sides of the crack and the base of the thumb and back of the hand. There are many variations on the technique depending on the size of the climber, the size of the crack, and the circumstances of the route.",open_qa How is data engineering different from data science?,,"Data Engineering occurs before data science in the data lifecycle. Data can be generated from various sources and this raw data may be structured, semi structured or even unstructured. To make sense of this data, data has to be ingested and transformed. This is when data engineering comes into picture. Data engineering includes the process of extracting the raw data, ingesting data into a system like a data lake, transforming the data for business needs and finally loading it into a table. This is commonly known as ELT (Extract-Load-Transform). ETL (Extract-Transform-Load) is also possible where transformation happens before the loading stage. Data Science and Analytics is the next step in the data lifecycle. Once the data needed for specific business need is available, data scientists use this data to run machine learning models to find the most accurate model. This data is available to the data scientists in the form of tables. Data analysts also use this data to do some exploratory analysis and create dashboards. In essence, the data lifecycle would look as follows: Raw data from different sources -> Data Engineering -> Data Science and Analytics",open_qa What famous Italian plumber brothers were featured in the Nintendo Entertainment System?,,The Super Mario Brothers.,open_qa Is Dosa a South Indian Food?,,"A dose, also called dosai, dosey, dwashi, dosa or dosha is a thin pancake in South Indian cuisine made from a fermented batter of ground black lentils and rice. Dosas originated in South India, but its precise geographical origins are unknown. According to historian P. Thankappan Nair, dosa originated in the town of Udupi in present-day Karnataka. However, according to food historian K. T. Achaya, references in the Sangam literature suggest that dosa was already in use in the ancient Tamil country around the 1st century CE. Achaya states that the earliest written mention of dosa appears in literature of present-day Tamil Nadu, in the 8th century, while the earliest mention of dosa in the Kannada literature appears a century later. In popular tradition, the origin of the dosa is linked to Udupi, probably because of the dish's association with Udupi restaurants. The Tamil dosai is softer and thicker. The thinner and crispier version of dosa was first made in present-day Karnataka. A recipe for dosa can be found in Manasollasa, a 12th-century Sanskrit encyclopedia compiled by Someshvara III, who ruled from present-day Karnataka. After the Independence of India, South Indian cuisine became gradually popular in the North. In Delhi, the Madras Hotel in Connaught Place became one of the first restaurants to serve South Indian cuisine. It arrived in Mumbai with the Udupi restaurants in the 1930s.",classification What is System Thinking,,Systems thinking is a way of making sense of complexity by looking at it in terms of wholes and relationships rather than splitting it into parts. It is based on the idea that all critical processes in an organization are interrelated and work together to achieve a common goal.,open_qa "From the passage provided, which runways are used in the West Plan?","During normal operations (approximately 81% of the time), domestic departures use Runways 1L and 1R for departure while overseas international departures and all arrivals use Runways 28L and 28R, taking advantage of the prevailing west-northwesterly wind coming through the San Bruno Gap. During periods of heavy winds or if operations at Oakland International Airport conflict with SFO departures (approximately 15% of the time), Runways 1L and 1R cannot be used, and so all departures and all arrivals use Runways 28L and 28R. These configurations are known collectively as the West Plan, and accommodate arrivals at a rate of up to 60 aircraft per hour. Under visual flight rules, aircraft may safely land side-by-side essentially simultaneously on 28L and 28R while maintaining visual separation.",Runways 28L and 28R,information_extraction In which years did Ernie Wilson play his first and last grand finals?,"Ernest George 'Ernie' Wilson (18 October 1900 – 7 June 1982) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Wilson featured in the Collingwood side during a strong era, playing in no less than six Grand Finals. He was on a half forward flank in their 1919 premiership but was used mostly as a defender. His other Grand Final appearances came in 1920, 1922, 1925 and 1926 while he was a half back flanker in the Collingwood premiership team of 1927. He could have added another in 1928, but lost his place in the side after the drawn semi final against Melbourne which would be his last game. In 1929 he played with Northcote in the VFA. He was reported in the last few minutes of the Grand Final which Northcote won by 5 points. He received a 12-month suspension for the offense and returned to Collingwood in 1930 where he captain coached the reserve team until the end of the 1933 season. He also represented Victoria at interstate football, a total of nine times, including in the 1924 Hobart Carnival. He remains the only player to have represented Victoria whilst under suspension from the VFL.","He played his first grand final in 1919, and his last in 1927.",information_extraction Which book is Mary Shelley most famous for?,,Frankenstein,open_qa Name some popular video games exclusive to Sony’s Playstation game consoles.,,"Some of the most popular games that are exclusive to Sony Playstation consoles include the Uncharted series, the Gran Turismo series, and the God of War series. Each series of games have sold tens of millions of copies.",open_qa Provide a few different ideas for games for 4 adults to play.,,"There are a number of popular board games that would be suitable for four adult players. Catan is a popular strategy and resource board game for two to four players, Scrabble is a good option and poker is always a popular game for adults and only requires a pack of playing cards and either poker chips or objects that can be used in place of betting chips, such as buttons.",brainstorming "Given this paragraph about John C. Young, where did he go to college?","John Clarke Young (August 12, 1803 – June 23, 1857) was an American educator and pastor who was the fourth president of Centre College in Danville, Kentucky. A graduate of Dickinson College and Princeton Theological Seminary, he entered the ministry in Lexington, Kentucky, in 1828. He accepted the presidency of Centre College in 1830, holding the position until his death in 1857, making him the longest-serving president in the college's history. He is regarded as one of the college's best presidents, as he increased the endowment of the college more than five-fold during his term, and increased the graduating class size from two students in his first year to forty-seven in his final year.",Dickinson College and Princeton Theological Seminary,closed_qa What is Passover?,,Passover is a major Jewish holiday that celebrates the Biblical story of the Israelites' escape from slavery in Egypt.,open_qa What did batteries get invented?,,"Volta invented the first battery around 1800. It worked by storing and releasing a charge of energy caused by a chemical reaction. Since this time batteries have only improved with time. Around the end of the 19th century batteries were a primary source of electricity for electric grids. With continuous future improvements to batteries they were being used in most consumer electronics like phones, computers and televisions.",open_qa What exactly was the action of 12 December 1782,"The action of 12 December 1782 was a naval engagement fought off the coast of Spain near Ferrol, in which the British 40-gun fifth rate HMS Mediator successfully attacked a convoy of five armed ships. Mediator succeeded in capturing one American privateer, the Alexander, and then captured the French ex-ship of the line La Ménagère. The convoy was part of Pierre Beaumarchais's supply chain to the American colonists.","The action of 12 December 1782 was a naval engagement fought off the coast of Spain near Ferrol, in which the British 40-gun fifth rate HMS Mediator successfully attacked a convoy of five armed ships. Mediator succeeded in capturing one American privateer, the Alexander, and then captured the French ex-ship of the line La Menagere. The convoy was part of Pierre Beaumarchais's supply chain to the American colonists.",closed_qa Extract the species of coffee from the text. Separate them with a semi-colon,"Several species of shrub of the genus Coffea produce the berries from which coffee is extracted. The two main species commercially cultivated are Coffea canephora (predominantly a form known as 'robusta') and C. arabica. C. arabica, the most highly regarded species, is native to the southwestern highlands of Ethiopia and the Boma Plateau in southeastern Sudan and Mount Marsabit in northern Kenya. C. canephora is native to western and central Subsaharan Africa, from Guinea to Uganda and southern Sudan. Less popular species are C. liberica, C. stenophylla, C. mauritiana, and C. racemosa. All coffee plants are classified in the large family Rubiaceae. They are evergreen shrubs or trees that may grow 5 m (15 ft) tall when unpruned. The leaves are dark green and glossy, usually 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long and 6 cm (2.4 in) wide, simple, entire, and opposite. Petioles of opposite leaves fuse at the base to form interpetiolar stipules, characteristic of Rubiaceae. The flowers are axillary, and clusters of fragrant white flowers bloom simultaneously. Gynoecium consists of an inferior ovary, also characteristic of Rubiaceae. The flowers are followed by oval berries of about 1.5 cm (0.6 in). When immature, they are green, and they ripen to yellow, then crimson, before turning black on drying. Each berry usually contains two seeds, but 5–10% of the berries have only one; these are called peaberries. Arabica berries ripen in six to eight months, while robusta takes nine to eleven months. Coffea arabica is predominantly self-pollinating, and as a result, the seedlings are generally uniform and vary little from their parents. In contrast, Coffea canephora, and C. liberica are self-incompatible and require outcrossing. This means that useful forms and hybrids must be propagated vegetatively. Cuttings, grafting, and budding are the usual methods of vegetative propagation. On the other hand, there is great scope for experimentation in search of potential new strains.",Coffea canephora; C. arabica; C. liberica; C. stenophylla; C. mauritiana; C. racemosa,information_extraction Give me examples of German auto manufacturers still operating.,,"BMW, Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Porsche, Opel.",brainstorming What was special about the 2021 Formula 1 World Championship?,,"The 2021 Formula 1 World Championship came down to the final race of the 2021 season in Abu Dhabi. Seven-time world champion, Lewis Hamilton and Max Versteppen were tied in drivers' points, with this race being the deciding factor of who would be crowned champion. Ultimately, the 2021 Formula 1 World Championship was won by Dutch driver, Max Verstappen. This was his first Driver's Championship title. What makes this particular championship special, or controversial (depending on who you ask), is that the race director, Michael Masi, misinterpreted the regulations regarding a late safety car restart. Masi called the safety car back into the pit lane without it having completed an additional lap as required by the Formula 1 Sporting Regulations (Article 48.12). By not heeding these regulations, all lapped cars were not able to unlap themselves which resulted in Max Verstappen being in a position to easily overtake Lewis Hamilton for the win.",open_qa Can you tell me about Rugby Union?,,"Rugby Union is a 15 player a side game played around the world. The sport was created during the 1800s in England when, during a game of soccer, a player picked up the ball and starting running with it in his hands. Rugby is most popular in commonwealth nations however has been gaining popularity in other countries such as USA and Japan. The game is played in two 40 minute halves with the winner of the game ending up with the most points. Points can be earned by grounding the ball over the try line in the other teams territory or by kicking the ball through the posts on either end of the field. The game is notorious for its aggression and tackling which can result in injuries as the players don't wear helmets or body armour like in other sports.",open_qa Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name},"Tarisio's New York offices and gallery are at 244–250 W 54th Street, in the former workshop of the prominent French violin dealer and restorer Jacques Français. Français was joined in 1964 by the luthier René A. Morel, also a Frenchman, who later opened his own shop in the same space. Morel continued to work in collaboration with Tarisio until the summer of 2011, offering soundpost adjustments and other expert services. After Morel's retirement, he was succeeded at Tarisio by his colleague the luthier Stefan Valcuha, who restores lutes as well as taking care of their general maintenance.","• Jacques Français • René A. Morel • Stefan Valcuha",information_extraction Why Ramadan's date change every year?,"Because the Hilāl, or crescent moon, typically occurs approximately one day after the new moon, Muslims can usually estimate the beginning of Ramadan; however, many[who?] prefer to confirm the opening of Ramadan by direct visual observation of the crescent.",Ramadan is a month in the Muslim hijri calendar. It's the month were Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset. The hijri calendar is a lunar calendar and therefore it shifts back 10-12 days every calendar year. Muslims confirm the first day of the month after they observe the new moon. And it ends as they observe the new moon for the month of Shawwal.,summarization How do you increase your output on a Peloton ride?,,"If you want to increase your output on a Peloton ride there are definitely a few tips and tricks to follow to ensure progress. First off, I would always recommend using the same official Peloton equipment (Peloton Bike or Peloton Bike+) to ensure you are tracking consistent metrics between your rides. I would also recommend doing a Functional Threshold Power Test (FTP Test), to get a baseline of your maximum performance as well as get a power meter for each of your rides. From there, a big amount of increasing your power comes from consistency of both riding frequency as well as consistency in overloading your leg muscles during those durations. Taking Power Zone rides (PZE, PZ, PZMax) or Power Zone programs is a great way to increase your output over time. These rides/programs are tailored to your max level of effort, and as you progress over time, so will your 7 power zone levels. Besides consistently riding and keeping track of your metrics/FTP, there is a quick trick for increasing your output which is not that sustainable. The trick is to ride out of the saddle and crank the resistance all the way up (75+). If you can move your legs at 50+ cadence and over say an 80 resistance, you will be putting up over 300 output. If you can sustain that for a minute at a time and do that 3-5 times during a ride, you will easily increase your total output. Lower cadence is not ideal for increasing your power from a longevity strategy, but is a quick answer for breaking a personal record. Good luck on your future rides, and don't forget to send love with some highfives!",open_qa Name some of the countries who have won the cricket world cup,,"Cricket is a sport invented by England. The countries who have won the cricket world cup so far are - India, West Indies, Australia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, England",open_qa Can you please tell some details about Malhar Rao Holkar from the given text?,"Malhar Rao Holkar (1694–1766), a Maratha chief serving Peshwa Baji Rao, established the dynasty's rule over Indore. In the 1720s, he led Maratha armies in Malwa region, and in 1733 was granted 9 parghanas in the vicinity of Indore by the Peshwa. The township of Indore had already existed as an independent principality established by Nandlal Mandloi of Kampel, Nandlal Mandloi was won by the Maratha force and allowed them to camp across the Khan River. In 1734, Malhar Rao established a camp later called Malharganj. In 1747, he started the construction of his royal palace, the Rajwada. By the time of his death, he ruled much of Malwa, and was acknowledged as one of the five virtually independent rulers of the Maratha Confederacy. He was succeeded by Ahilyabai Holkar (r. 1767–1795), his daughter-in-law. She was born in the Chaundi village in Maharashtra. She moved the capital to Maheshwar, south of Indore on the Narmada River. Rani Ahilyabai was a prolific builder and patron of Hindu temples in Maheshwar and Indore. She also built temples at sacred sites outside her kingdom, from Dwarka in Gujarat east to the Kashi Vishwanath Temple at Varanasi on the Ganges.","1. Malhar Rao Holkar (1694–1766), a Maratha , established the Dynasty 's rule over Indore. 2.In the 1720s he led Maratha armies in Malwa region and in1733 was granted 9 parghanas in the vicinity of Indore by the peshwa. 3. The township of Indore had already existed as an independent principality established by Nandlal Mandloi of kampel 4. Nandlal Mandloi was won by Maratha force and allowed them to camp across the Khan river. 5.In 1734, Malhar Rao established a camp later called Malhar ganj. 6. In 1747,he started the construction of his royal palace,the Rajwada.",summarization What are some of the most important attributes of spacecraft battery and how are these attributes realized?,,"Some of the most important attributes are reliability, low mass. Reliability is often achieved through qualification testing, demonstrated performance in a flight environment and configuration management. Mass can be minimized by using high-performance Li-ion batteries that are optimized for the anticipated use case and by right-sizing the battery to meet end of mission power requirements using calibrated battery life and performance models.",open_qa "From the passage, list the most influential works of Rumi. Separate them with a comma.","Rumi's poetry is often divided into various categories: the quatrains (rubayāt) and odes (ghazal) of the Divan, the six books of the Masnavi. The prose works are divided into The Discourses, The Letters, and the Seven Sermons. Poetic works Maṭnawīye Ma'nawī, Mevlâna Museum, Konya, Turkey Rumi's best-known work is the Maṭnawīye Ma'nawī (Spiritual Couplets; مثنوی معنوی). The six-volume poem holds a distinguished place within the rich tradition of Persian Sufi literature, and has been commonly called ""the Quran in Persian"". Many commentators have regarded it as the greatest mystical poem in world literature. It contains approximately 27,000 lines, each consisting of a couplet with an internal rhyme. While the mathnawi genre of poetry may use a variety of different metres, after Rumi composed his poem, the metre he used became the mathnawi metre par excellence. The first recorded use of this metre for a mathnawi poem took place at the Nizari Ismaili fortress of Girdkuh between 1131–1139. It likely set the stage for later poetry in this style by mystics such as Attar and Rumi. Rumi's other major work is the Dīwān-e Kabīr (Great Work) or Dīwān-e Shams-e Tabrīzī (The Works of Shams of Tabriz; دیوان شمس تبریزی), named in honour of Rumi's master Shams. Besides approximately 35000 Persian couplets and 2000 Persian quatrains, the Divan contains 90 Ghazals and 19 quatrains in Arabic, a couple of dozen or so couplets in Turkish (mainly macaronic poems of mixed Persian and Turkish) and 14 couplets in Greek (all of them in three macaronic poems of Greek-Persian). Prose works Fihi Ma Fihi (In It What's in It, Persian: فیه ما فیه) provides a record of seventy-one talks and lectures given by Rumi on various occasions to his disciples. It was compiled from the notes of his various disciples, so Rumi did not author the work directly. An English translation from the Persian was first published by A.J. Arberry as Discourses of Rumi (New York: Samuel Weiser, 1972), and a translation of the second book by Wheeler Thackston, Sign of the Unseen (Putney, VT: Threshold Books, 1994). The style of the Fihi ma fihi is colloquial and meant for middle-class men and women, and lack the sophisticated wordplay. Majāles-e Sab'a (Seven Sessions, Persian: مجالس سبعه) contains seven Persian sermons (as the name implies) or lectures given in seven different assemblies. The sermons themselves give a commentary on the deeper meaning of Qur'an and Hadith. The sermons also include quotations from poems of Sana'i, 'Attar, and other poets, including Rumi himself. As Aflakī relates, after Shams-e Tabrīzī, Rumi gave sermons at the request of notables, especially Salāh al-Dīn Zarkūb. The style of Persian is rather simple, but quotation of Arabic and knowledge of history and the Hadith show Rumi's knowledge in the Islamic sciences. His style is typical of the genre of lectures given by Sufis and spiritual teachers. Makatib (The Letters, Persian: مکاتیب) or Maktubat (مکتوبات) is the collection of letters written in Persian by Rumi to his disciples, family members, and men of state and of influence. The letters testify that Rumi kept very busy helping family members and administering a community of disciples that had grown up around them. Unlike the Persian style of the previous two mentioned works (which are lectures and sermons), the letters are consciously sophisticated and epistolary in style, which is in conformity with the expectations of correspondence directed to nobles, statesmen and kings.","Maṭnawīye Ma'nawī, Dīwān-e Kabīr or Dīwān-e Shams-e Tabrīzī, Fihi Ma Fihi, Majāles-e Sab'a, Makatib or Maktubat",information_extraction Why is UBS and Credit Suisse merging,"On 19 March 2023, Swiss investment bank UBS Group AG agreed to buy Credit Suisse for CHF 3 billion (US$3.2 billion) in an all-stock deal brokered by the government of Switzerland and the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority. The Swiss National Bank supported the deal by providing more than CHF 100 billion (US$104 billion) in liquidity to UBS following its takeover of Credit Suisse's operations, while the Swiss government provided a guarantee to UBS to cover losses of up to CHF 9 billion (US$9.6 billion) over the short term. Additionally, CHF 16 billion (US$17.2 billion) of Additional Tier 1 bonds were written down to zero. Credit Suisse is a globally systemically important bank whose investment banking unit, First Boston, had been recently tarnished by a series of high-profile scandals. The banking crisis in the United States had caused fear among global investors and led to panic over other possibly troubled banks. Credit Suisse's share price plunged after the leading shareholder ruled out further investment into the bank due to regulatory issues. The deal was rapidly agreed upon and announced just before the Asian financial markets opened on Monday morning in order to prevent ""market shaking"" turmoil in the global financial markets. Soon afterward, central banks across the world announced USD liquidity measures to try and ease wider market panic and avoid a wider banking crisis.","On 19 March 2023, the Swiss wealth management and investment bank UBS Group AG agreed to buy Credit Suisse for CHF 3 billion (US$3.2 billion) in an all-stock deal brokered by the government of Switzerland and the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority. The Swiss National Bank supported the deal by providing more than CHF 100 billion (US$104 billion) in liquidity to UBS following its takeover of Credit Suisse's operations, while the Swiss government provided a guarantee to UBS to cover losses of up to CHF 9 billion (US$9.6 billion) over the short term. Additionally, CHF 16 billion (US$17.2 billion) of Additional Tier 1 bonds were written down to zero. Credit Suisse is a globally systemically important bank whose investment banking unit, First Boston, had been recently tarnished by a series of high-profile scandals. The banking crisis in the United States had caused fear among global investors and led to panic over other possibly troubled banks. Credit Suisse's share price plunged after the leading shareholder ruled out further investment into the bank due to regulatory issues. The deal was rapidly agreed upon and announced just before the Asian financial markets opened on Monday morning in order to prevent ""market shaking"" turmoil in the global financial markets. Soon afterward, central banks across the world announced USD liquidity measures to try and ease wider market panic and avoid a wider banking crisis.",summarization What are the best cliffs in Ireland?,,"The Cliffs of Moher are 702 feet/214 meters at their highest point, near O'Brien's Tower. Though not the highest cliffs in Ireland – that honor goes to Co Donegal's Slieve League Cliffs and Achill Island's Croaghaun Cliffs – they are by far the most popular.",brainstorming What is photosynthesis?,"Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities. Some of this chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars and starches, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek phōs (φῶς), ""light"", and synthesis (σύνθεσις), ""putting together"". Most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere, and supplies most of the energy necessary for life on Earth. Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centers that contain green chlorophyll (and other colored) pigments/chromophores. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. The hydrogen freed by the splitting of water is used in the creation of two further compounds that serve as short-term stores of energy, enabling its transfer to drive other reactions: these compounds are reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.","Photosynthesis is - a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy - a word derived from the Greek phōs (φῶς), ""light"", and synthesis (σύνθεσις), ""putting together"" - a process that always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centers - performed differently by different species - largely responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere",summarization What was the record for University of Miami Hurricanes in 1980?,"The 1980 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami as an independent during the 1980 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by second-year head coach Howard Schnellenberger, the Hurricanes played their home games at the Miami Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida. Miami finished the season with a record of 9–3. They were invited to the Peach Bowl, where they defeated Virginia Tech, 20–10.",The Hurricanes won 9 games and lost 3 games in 1980,closed_qa Why is Grand Canyon a big deal?,"The Grand Canyon is a river valley in the Colorado Plateau that exposes uplifted Proterozoic and Paleozoic strata, and is also one of the six distinct physiographic sections of the Colorado Plateau province. Even though it is not the deepest canyon in the world (Kali Gandaki Gorge in Nepal is much deeper), the Grand Canyon is known for its visually overwhelming size and its intricate and colorful landscape. Geologically, it is significant because of the thick sequence of ancient rocks that are well preserved and exposed in the walls of the canyon. These rock layers record much of the early geologic history of the North American continent.","While Gran Canyon is not the deepest canyon on earth, it bears significant geological significance because of its exposed yet well-preserved rock layers. The rock layers record much of the early geologic history of the North American continent",summarization Write me a recursive function for calculating the nth fibonacci number,,"Below is a recursive Python function fib(n) that computes the nth Fibonacci number. This is split into a base case and a recursive case. The base case is given by the fact that the first two terms of the Fibonacci sequence are 0 and 1, so fib(0)=0 and fib(1)=1. The recursive case is given by the fact that the nth Fibonacci number f_n can be written as the sum of the previous two Fibonacci numbers, so f_n = f_{n-1} + f_{n-2}. Putting this all together, we get ``` def fib(n): # base case if n == 0: return 0 if n == 1: return 1 # recursive case return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2) ``` This will correctly calculate the nth Fibonacci number for nonnegative integer inputs n. However, recursively calculating Fibonacci numbers in this way takes exponential time in the value of n, so this code may be very slow for large inputs. It could be improved by memoizing previous results, or using a non-recursive approach. Simple iterative approaches can solve the problem more quickly, and closed-form expressions for the nth Fibonacci number exist and are even faster to evaluate.",creative_writing What is does ELT stand for?,,"ELT stands for extract, transfer and load. This refers to a data flow lifecycle. Extract refers to extracting data from source system of records, load refers to the process to load the data into another system, and transfer stands for the process load the data into that new system. ELT also describes a process for loading source data into another system of record that is stored in the original format as the source system.",open_qa Tell me a bulleted list of events that happened in this paragraph grouped by year,"The Purdue University football team traces its origin back to October 29, 1887, when its team fell to Butler College by a score of 48–6 in Indianapolis, Indiana. A group of students at Purdue University formed the school's first football team in 1887. Albert Berg was hired as the coach. Despite being deaf, Berg was reportedly ""the only man in the territory with any knowledge of the game."" Berg was 23 years old when he became Purdue's football ""coacher."" He was paid $1 for each lesson he gave to the newly organized football team and had only one week to prepare the team for its first game. The 1887 Purdue team played its only game on October 29, 1887, against the Butler College team at Athletic Park in Indianapolis. Butler soundly defeated Berg's squad by a score of 48–6. After the loss to Butler, Purdue did not field a football team again until 1889.","Sure, here is a bulleted list of events that happened in the mentioned paragraph grouped by year: 1887 * A group of students at Purdue University formed the school's first football team * Albert Berg was hired as the coach * On October 29, 1887, Purdue University football team fell to Butler College by a score of 48–6 in Indianapolis, Indiana 1889 * First time that Purdue fielded a football team since their loss to Butler College on October 29, 1887",information_extraction Extract the two properties that are sufficient to show that a subset of Euclidean space is compact. Present these properties in a bullet list.,"Various definitions of compactness may apply, depending on the level of generality. A subset of Euclidean space in particular is called compact if it is closed and bounded. This implies, by the Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem, that any infinite sequence from the set has a subsequence that converges to a point in the set. Various equivalent notions of compactness, such as sequential compactness and limit point compactness, can be developed in general metric spaces. In contrast, the different notions of compactness are not equivalent in general topological spaces, and the most useful notion of compactness — originally called bicompactness — is defined using covers consisting of open sets (see Open cover definition below). That this form of compactness holds for closed and bounded subsets of Euclidean space is known as the Heine–Borel theorem. Compactness, when defined in this manner, often allows one to take information that is known locally — in a neighbourhood of each point of the space — and to extend it to information that holds globally throughout the space. An example of this phenomenon is Dirichlet's theorem, to which it was originally applied by Heine, that a continuous function on a compact interval is uniformly continuous; here, continuity is a local property of the function, and uniform continuity the corresponding global property.","According to the Heine-Borel theorem the following properties are sufficient to show that a subset of Euclidean space is compact: - The set is closed - The set is bounded",information_extraction Why does the James web Telescope rely so heavily on infrared?,Very Early and distant objects visibility shifts to infrared.,"The design emphasizes the near to mid-infrared for several reasons: high-redshift (very early and distant) objects have their visible emissions shifted into the infrared, and therefore their light can be observed today only via infrared astronomy; infrared light passes more easily through dust clouds than visible light; colder objects such as debris disks and planets emit most strongly in the infrared; these infrared bands are difficult to study from the ground or by existing space telescopes such as Hubble.",summarization Name some of the well-known superheroes of Marvel Comics as per the passage.,"Marvel Comics is an American comic book publisher and the flagship property of Marvel Entertainment, a division of The Walt Disney Company since September 1, 2009. Evolving from Timely Comics in 1939, Magazine Management/Atlas Comics in 1951 and its predecessor, Marvel Mystery Comics, the Marvel Comics title/name/brand was first used in June 1961. Marvel was started in 1939 by Martin Goodman as Timely Comics, and by 1951 had generally become known as Atlas Comics. The Marvel era began in June 1961 with the launch of The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others. The Marvel brand, which had been used over the years and decades, was solidified as the company's primary brand. Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, Daredevil, Wolverine, Black Panther and Captain Marvel, as well as popular superhero teams such as the Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy. Its stable of well-known supervillains includes the likes of Doctor Doom, Magneto, Ultron, Thanos, Kang the Conqueror, Green Goblin, Galactus, Loki, and Kingpin. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with most locations mirroring real-life places; many major characters are based in New York City, New York, United States. Additionally, Marvel has published several licensed properties from other companies. This includes Star Wars comics twice from 1977 to 1986 and again since 2015.","Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, Daredevil, Wolverine, Black Panther and Captain Marvel.",information_extraction Who wrote the TV show Fleabag?,"Fleabag is a British comedy-drama television series created and written by Phoebe Waller-Bridge, based on her one-woman show first performed in 2013 at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. It was originally produced by Two Brothers Pictures for digital channel BBC Three in a co-production agreement with Amazon Studios. Waller-Bridge stars as the title character, a free-spirited but angry and confused young woman in London. Sian Clifford stars as Fleabag's sister Claire, while Andrew Scott joined the cast in the second series as 'Hot Priest'. The protagonist frequently breaks the fourth wall to provide exposition, internal monologues, and a running commentary to the audience.",Fleabag is a British comedy-drama television series created and written by Phoebe Waller-Bridge.,closed_qa Why Bangalore climate is pleasant,"Bangalore is situated in the southeast of the South Indian state of Karnataka. It is positioned at 12.97° N 77.56° E and covers an area of 2,190 square kilometres (850 sq mi). A landlocked city, Bangalore is located in the heart of the Mysore Plateau (a region of the larger Deccan Plateau) at an average elevation of 920 metres (3,020 ft). Bangalore district borders with Kolar and Chikkaballapur in the northeast, Tumkur in the northwest, and Mandya and Ramanagaram in the southeast.",Bangalore city is positioned at a 920 mt high altitude from the sea level. Bangalore is nearest to both Arabian Sea & Bay of Bengal. Hence it receives plenty of rainfall & makes the place cooler as compared to rest of the cities in India. Along with this the city is full of big & old trees which adds up to the environment and makes more cooler with greenery.,closed_qa "What is the nickname for Spokane, Washington?",,"Spokane's official nickname is ""Hooptown USA"" which it received from hosting Hoopfest which is the world's largest basketball tournament. Spokane is also known as the ""Lilac City.""",open_qa What was the Tiryns culture,"Tiryns culture (2,200 - 2,000 BC) or Early Helladic III was an Early Bronze Age culture in Central Greece, Southern Greece and the Ionian islands (Part of Western Greece) that followed Eutresis and Korakou cultures, and preceded the Mycenean civilization. The ""center"" of the culture was the settlement of Tiryns that saw further development during the Mycenean period. Metal and Terracotta: A unique pattern-painted dark to light human figurine appears in Tiryns culture's Lerna IV while old types of animal figurines do not continue. Metal is now more popular for the creation of weapons and tools, some examples are : A dagger, a nail, a pin from Lerna and three axes from Thebes. Pottery: The best known type of pottery consists of two classes of pattern-painted ceramics : 1) Patterned ware that is a dark on light class, mainly in the Peloponnese. The ornament is geometric and almost exclusively rectilinear. 2) Ayia Marina ware that is a light on dark class, mainly in Central Greece. The ornament is similar to patterned ware. The dark paint on both wares is moderately lustrous and appears to be descended directly from the Urfirnis paint on Early Helladic II period. Architecture: At Lerna and Olympia several ""long houses"" (megara) with two or three rooms and narrow alleyways are built. A tumulus is constructed over the ruins of the Helladic II House of the Tiles and for a long period no buildings are built in the specific area. Many large (for their period) buildings are constructed in Lerna but they often last for only one generation. End: In around 2,000 BC, Early Helladic III and generally the Early Helladic periods end. Tiryns culture is followed by the Middle Helladic culture and Mycenaean Greece.","Tiryns culture (2,200 - 2,000 BC) or Early Helladic III was an Early Bronze Age culture in Central Greece, Southern Greece and the Ionian islands (Part of Western Greece) that followed Eutresis and Korakou cultures, and preceded the Mycenean civilization. The ""center"" of the culture was the settlement of Tiryns that saw further development during the Mycenean period. Metal and Terracotta: A unique pattern-painted dark to light human figurine appears in Tiryns culture's Lerna IV while old types of animal figurines do not continue. Metal is now more popular for the creation of weapons and tools, some examples are : A dagger, a nail, a pin from Lerna and three axes from Thebes. Pottery: The best known type of pottery consists of two classes of pattern-painted ceramics: 1) Patterned ware that is a dark on light class, mainly in the Peloponnese. The ornament is geometric and almost exclusively rectilinear. 2) Ayia Marina ware that is a light on dark class, mainly in Central Greece. The ornament is similar to patterned ware. The dark paint on both wares is moderately lustrous and appears to be descended directly from the Urfirnis paint on Early Helladic II period. Architecture: At Lerna and Olympia several ""long houses"" (megara) with two or three rooms and narrow alleyways are built. A tumulus is constructed over the ruins of the Helladic II House of the Tiles and for a long period no buildings are built in the specific area. Many large (for their period) buildings are constructed in Lerna but they often last for only one generation. End: In around 2,000 BC, Early Helladic III and generally the Early Helladic periods end. Tiryns culture is followed by the Middle Helladic culture and Mycenaean Greece.",summarization What is Targetted Allele-Specific CRISPR/Cas9 Activation (TASCA)?,,"The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a gene editing technology that allows for precise modification of the DNA sequence of a genome. Targetted Allele-Specific CRISPR/Cas9 Activation (TASCA) enables researchers to selectively activate a specific gene within a genome by targeting specific sequences of DNA and inducing the expression of the desired gene. TASCA can be used in a variety of applications, such as gene therapy, drug discovery, and basic research on gene function. It offers a powerful tool for studying the role of specific genes in cellular processes and disease states.",open_qa "What is ""cycling"" in ice hockey?",,"Standard ice hockey is a game with a goaltender and 5 skaters per side played on an ice surface divided with a center red line, two goal line red lines and two blue lines indicating the respective offensive zones. Cycling is when the offensive team has possession of the puck in their respective offensive zone and the skaters, typically three forwards, are passing the puck to each other, while moving in a circular motion, to create space and opportunity to generate a shot on goal. The movement and skating in this fashion is known as, ""cycling"" and is an offensive tactic employed in ice hockey leagues from youth to professional.",open_qa "Which of these are capitals of states in USA: Richmond, San Diego, San Francisco, Sacramento, New orleans, New York, Seattle, Carson City, Portland, Jamaica City, Salem, San louis obispo, Trenton, Bellevue, Redmond, Renton, Kirkland",,"Richmond, Sacramento, Carson city, Salem and Trenton are all state capitals.",classification What is a quark?,,"A quark are elementary particles that make up a class of matter called hadrons, the most common of which are protons and neutrons. According to the Standard Model of elementary particle physics there are six types of quarks which come in pairs or families; Up/Down, Strange/Charm, and Bottom/Top.",open_qa "Tell me whether these cities are in Texas: Austin, Houston, New York, Chicago, Miami, Dallas",,"Austin, Houston, Dallas",classification What kind of car was The Zuk,"The Żuk (pl. beetle) was a van and light truck produced in Lublin, Poland, between 1958 and 1998 by FSC. It was based on FSO Warszawa, which in turn was licensed from the Soviet passenger car GAZ-M20 Pobeda. The chassis, suspension and engine from FSO Warszawa formed the basis of the Żuk and the Nysa light vans designed in the late 1950s. About 587818 were manufactured. The Żuk was mainly sold to state organizations, but also to individuals. After 1989, with the liberalization of the Polish economy, the Żuk was able to maintain sales to the traditional markets and expand the number sold to individual consumers. The final few years of production was in parallel to its successor, the Lublin van, as a cheaper alternative.","The Zuk (pl. beetle) was a van and light truck produced in Lublin, Poland, between 1958 and 1998 by FSC. It was based on FSO Warszawa, which in turn was licensed from the Soviet passenger car GAZ-M20 Pobeda. The chassis, suspension and engine from FSO Warszawa formed the basis of the Zuk and the Nysa light vans designed in the late 1950s. About 587818 were manufactured. The Zuk was mainly sold to state organizations, but also to individuals. After 1989, with the liberalization of the Polish economy, the Zuk was able to maintain sales to the traditional markets and expand the number sold to individual consumers. The final few years of production was in parallel to its successor, the Lublin van, as a cheaper alternative.",summarization What are some of the best vegan protein sources?,,"Soy-based products such as tofu, soy milk and tempeh are high sources of protein. Pulses such as beans (including chickpeas, pintos, black beans) and lentils. Certain grains are also high-protein sources, such as quinoa, farro and buckwheat. Other foods like nuts and seeds are good protein sources but are also high in fat and calories.",open_qa Who is the prime minister of India?,,"Currently, The prime minister of India is Mr Narendra Modi since 2014. He belongs to Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP).",open_qa What were some historical reasons for the invention of pad thai?,,"The dish was invented in part to help Thailand develop a national identity, and also to promote consumption of noodles to alleviate rice shortages during world war 2.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Monkey stick, Tzouras",,"Monkey stick is percussion, Tzouras is string.",classification "Which of these are electronic and which are found in nature: a laptop, a tree, Pixel phone, a calculator, an Apple Watch, a bee, and a volcano.",,"The electronic items are a a laptop, Pixel phone, a calculator, and an Apple Watch. The items found in nature are a tree, a bee, and a volcano.",classification What does airplane glide ratio mean?,,"Airplane glide ratio is a measure of an airplane's glide performance. It is the ratio between distance forward to distance downward for an airplane in free, unpowered flight. Glide ratio is affected by properties such as aerodynamical drag, wing construction, and more. Sailplanes are among the most efficient airplanes, achieving glide ratios over 70:1.",open_qa Give me an idea of a simple yet unique Mocktail made up of Mango,,"Here is a Mocktail named ""Mango Mule"". All you need is a 4-5 slices of cucumber, some simple syrup, 50gm of mango puree, 50gm of fresh lime juice, small can of ginger beer (non-alcoholic), and some mint, and lime for extra garnishing touch. It is quite easy to make this Mocktail. Mix cucumber slices and simple syrup in cocktail shaker, followed by addition of mango puree and lime juice and crushed ice. Pour it into a glass and add the ginger beer with a final good old stir. Garnish it as per your needs.",brainstorming what method of commuting works best to get from Marin County to downtown San Francisco?,,"There are many ways to get from Marin County to downtown San Francisco. You can drive a car, which can be fast in the morning, taking, say, 45 minutes or less if you leave before 8am. Driving home, however, can take up to an hour and a half or more depending on traffic. You can take a bus, which generally takes about an hour and fifteen minutes either way. You can also take a bicycle to a bus stop, and the bus will carry your bike, but the spaces for bikes can fill up before you get on the bus, so check the route before trying this method. Ferries that take you from Larkspur to the Ferry Building are also very popular. You can drive to the ferry landing, park your car, and get on the ferry to downtown San Francisco. When the weather is nice, this can be a wonderful way to either unwind or catch up on work. Ferries can be subject to weather delays and cancellations, so check the weather before trying this method. Finally, you can take a bicycle or even run all the way in to downtown San Francisco from Marin County. Bicycling is generally an hour to hour and a half round trip, but again check the weather and your fitness level before committing to this. And most of all, make sure you eat enough calories during the day to fuel that ride home! There are some intrepid souls who have taken to the water and swam from Cavallo Point to Aquatic Park, which takes a lot of practice and planning. There are many ways to commute to San Francisco from Marin, so feel free to mix and match and try new methods to keep yourself happy, fit, and motivated for that awesome job in the city!",creative_writing "Generally in socer games, which position scores goals more often: the strikers or the backs?",,The strikers.,classification How many different Alaska Native tribes are there?,,There are 228 federally recognized Alaska Native tribes.,open_qa What is it like being alone in the world after an apocolypse?,,"I had always imagined the world would be in chaos or destruction. However, it's the same, just that there are no people. It's eerily quiet. Books are now the only source of ""human connection"" I have. I've never been much of a reader, but I anticipate much of my ""free time"" will be spent reading. I'm also quickly learning how much I relied on others. I knew I relied on others to do many things like farming, electricity, etc., but it goes much deeper and further than that.",creative_writing What makes a formula one car so fast?,,"Formula One cars are one of the fastest racing cars in the world reaching speeds as high as 240 mph. There are many aspects that make formula one cars fast, below are the top few 1. Engine: F1 cars have extremely powerful engines that can generate around 1000 bhp at up to 20,000 rpm 2. Power-to-Weight ratio: F1 cars are also extremely light at around 800 kgs giving them a power-to-weight ratio of 12000-1400 hp/ton. For comparison, the best Porsche cars have a power-to-weight ratio of only 300-400 hp/ton. 2. Aerodynamics: F1 cars are fitted with extremely sophisticated aerodynamics including a rear wing, front wing and body parts that help reduce aerodynamic drag for straight-line speeds while adding downforce to help around corners 3. Tires: F1 tires are extremely large and sticky. This help the cars stick to the road as the car goes through turns very fast. 4. Brakes: Lastly F1 brakes are very powerful and can slow down a car extremely quickly. This allows F1 cars to be at top speed for much longer before needing to slow down for taking a turn.",open_qa Extract the different ways to refer to the Amazon rainforest present in the passage. Separate them by a comma.,"The Amazon rainforest, also called Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 km2 (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 km2 (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories. The majority of the forest, 60%, is in Brazil, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Four nations have ""Amazonas"" as the name of one of their first-level administrative regions, and France uses the name ""Guiana Amazonian Park"" for French Guiana's protected rainforest area. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees in about 16,000 species. More than 30 million people of 350 different ethnic groups live in the Amazon, which are subdivided into 9 different national political systems and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories. Indigenous peoples make up 9% of the total population, and 60 of the groups remain largely isolated","Amazon rainforest, Amazon jungle, Amazonia, Amazonas, Amazon",information_extraction What are the interesting facts about Shakespeare?,,"- Shakespeare's father made gloves for a living. - Shakespeare had seven siblings. - Shakespeare married an older, pregnant lady at 18. - Shakespeare was an actor, as well as a writer.",open_qa how to survive on Mars,,"Surviving on Mars would be a challenging and dangerous endeavor. However, here are some steps that could increase your chances of survival: Oxygen: Mars' atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide, so you'll need to find a way to generate oxygen. One way is to use a process called electrolysis to extract oxygen from water. Water: Water is essential for survival, so you'll need to find a source of water on Mars. This could be in the form of ice or underground reserves. Food: Growing your own food on Mars would be difficult, but not impossible. You could use hydroponics or aeroponics to grow plants indoors, or find ways to grow crops outdoors. Shelter: Mars' harsh environment would require a well-built shelter to protect you from the extreme cold, radiation, and dust storms. The shelter would need to be well insulated and sealed to prevent air leaks. Energy: You'll need a reliable source of energy to power your shelter and equipment. Solar panels could be used to generate electricity, or nuclear reactors could be used for more efficient energy production. Communications: Communication with Earth would be crucial for survival. You would need a reliable communication system to send and receive messages from Earth, as well as to coordinate with other astronauts on Mars. Medical Supplies: Medical emergencies could arise on Mars, so having a well-stocked medical kit and the knowledge to treat basic medical issues would be important. Mental Health: Living in isolation on Mars could take a toll on your mental health. Maintaining social connections with other astronauts, regular exercise, and engaging in activities to combat boredom would be important for mental health. Surviving on Mars would require a great deal of preparation, resources, and expertise. It would also require a strong will to persevere through the challenges of living on an inhospitable planet.",creative_writing "I've started doing individual training to get fit and now I'd like to learn a team sport, which of these are team sports? hockey, yoga, baseball, basketball, netball, running, handball, weightlifting, and ballet.",,"Hockey, baseball, basketball, netball, handball are all team sports",classification "In football, if touchdowns is the main way to get points, why can't the quarterback always throw the ball to the end zone every time?",,"To win at the game of American football, points are scored by touchdowns and kicking field goals, primarily. At a simplistic level, it might appear that throwing the ball to the end zone at every opportunity is the straight forward strategy. However, if one did that, then the defense would adjust and accordingly defend. Also, typically the team has to move the ball 75 to 80 yards to the end zone. Only a few strong armed quarterbacks can throw that far. Even fewer can do it under pressure. The other main issue is that there is a very low chance of completing the pass. So, smart teams and coaches, use a variety of strategies of both throwing the ball different distances, running the ball, and based on distance, kicking field goals. One of the key strategies is to mix it up, so that there is an element of surprise and the defense is caught off-guard.",creative_writing Extract the names of the original songs Sandler performed on Saturday Night Live and list them in bullet format.,"In 1987, Sandler played Theo Huxtable's friend Smitty on The Cosby Show and the Stud Boy or Trivia Delinquent on the MTV game show Remote Control. After his film debut in Going Overboard in 1989, Sandler performed in comedy clubs, having first taken the stage at his brother's urging when he was 17. He was discovered by comedian Dennis Miller, who caught Sandler's act in Los Angeles and recommended him to Saturday Night Live producer Lorne Michaels. Sandler was hired as a writer for SNL in 1990, and became a featured player the following year. He made a name for himself by performing amusing original songs on the show, including ""The Thanksgiving Song"" and ""The Chanukah Song"". Sandler told Conan O'Brien on The Tonight Show that NBC fired him and Chris Farley from the show in 1995. Sandler used his firing as part of his monologue when he returned in 2019 to host the show.","-The Thanksgiving Song -The Chanukah Song",information_extraction How to cook Filipino chicken adobo?,,"Sauté two lbs. of chicken for about five minutes in a little olive oil stirring constantly. Add in 6 cloves of roughly chopped garlic and stir. Add in 3/4 c low-sodium soy sauce, a few whole peppercorns, a teaspoon of ground black pepper, a couple of dried bay leaves, and 1/4 cup of water. Bring to a boil, stir, and let simmer for an additional ten minutes. Add in 1/2 tablespoon of brown sugar and 2 tablespoon of vinegar - do not stir. You can add in half a teaspoon of crushed red pepper flakes. Let it simmer for another 5 minutes and stir. If it's getting a bit dry, add a tablespoon more of soysauce and a tablespoon of water. Simmer until the chicken is cooked through. Enjoy over warm rice.",open_qa What is telnet?,,"Telnet is an application (e.g. client/server) that provides terminal access to servers, local area networks, or other computers on the same network. In the early days telnet was a service offering through the windows operating system. Telnet has two core components: the communication protocol and the application that offers the communication protocol service.",open_qa What is the difference between a bath and a shower?,,"While both a bath and a shower are common ways to get clean, they involve different processes. A bath is when someone fills a tub and immerses themselves in it, whereas a shower is when someone stands under a steady stream of water in order to get clean.",open_qa When was the first Fallout game released?,"Fallout is a series of post-apocalyptic role-playing video games—and later action role-playing games—created by Interplay Entertainment. The series is set during the 21st, 22nd and 23rd centuries, and its atompunk retrofuturistic setting and art work are influenced by the post-war culture of 1950s United States, with its combination of hope for the promises of technology and the lurking fear of nuclear annihilation. A forerunner of Fallout is Wasteland, a 1988 game developed by Interplay Productions to which the series is regarded as a spiritual successor. The series' first title, Fallout, was developed by Black Isle Studios and released in 1997, and its sequel, Fallout 2, the following year. With the tactical role-playing game Fallout Tactics: Brotherhood of Steel, development was handed to Micro Forté and 14 Degrees East. In 2004, Interplay closed Black Isle Studios, and continued to produce Fallout: Brotherhood of Steel, an action game with role-playing elements for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox, without Black Isle Studios. Fallout 3, the third entry in the main series, was released in 2008 by Bethesda Softworks, and was followed by Fallout: New Vegas, developed by Obsidian Entertainment. Fallout 4 was released in 2015, and Fallout 76 released on November 14, 2018. Bethesda Softworks owns the rights to the Fallout intellectual property. After acquiring it, Bethesda licensed the rights to make a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) version of Fallout to Interplay. The MMORPG got as far as beta stage under Interplay, but a lengthy legal dispute between Bethesda Softworks and Interplay halted the development of the game and led to its eventual cancellation, as Bethesda claimed in court that Interplay had not met the terms and conditions of the licensing contract. The case was settled in early 2012. Origins The ideas of the Fallout series began with Interplay Productions' Wasteland, released in 1988. At that time, Interplay was not a publisher and used Electronic Arts for distribution of the game. According to Interplay's founder, Brian Fargo, they wanted to explore a post-apocalyptic setting and created Wasteland for that. Sometime after release, Interplay decided to shift focus and become a publisher while still developing games. Fargo wanted to continue to use the Wasteland intellectual property but could not negotiate the rights back from Electronic Arts. Still wanting to do something in a post-apocalyptic setting, Fargo and his team decided to make a new setting and game. They determined what aspects of Wasteland were positives and wrote and developed a new game around them. The result was the first Fallout games, which released nearly ten years after Wasteland.","Fallout (1997) Released in October 1997, Fallout takes place in a post-apocalyptic Southern California, beginning in the year 2161. The protagonist, referred to as the Vault Dweller, is tasked with recovering a water chip in the Wasteland to replace the broken one in their underground shelter home, Vault 13. Afterwards, the Vault Dweller must thwart the plans of a group of mutants, led by a grotesque entity named the Master. Fallout was originally intended to run under the GURPS role-playing game system. However, a disagreement with the creator of GURPS, Steve Jackson, over the game's violent content required Black Isle Studios to develop the new SPECIAL system. Fallout's atmosphere and artwork are reminiscent of post-World War II United States during the Cold War era and the fear that the country was headed for nuclear war in the real world.",summarization Which classical musician went deaf in the prime of their career?,,Beethoven went deaf in the height of his career,open_qa What is a Roth 401(k)?,"In the United States, a 401(k) plan is an employer-sponsored, defined-contribution, personal pension (savings) account, as defined in subsection 401(k) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. Periodical employee contributions come directly out of their paychecks, and may be matched by the employer. This legal option is what makes 401(k) plans attractive to employees, and many employers offer this option to their (full-time) workers. There are two types: traditional and Roth 401(k). For Roth accounts, contributions and withdrawals have no impact on income tax. For traditional accounts, contributions may be deducted from taxable income and withdrawals are added to taxable income. There are limits to contributions, rules governing withdrawals and possible penalties. The benefit of the Roth account is from tax-free capital gains. The net benefit of the traditional account is the sum of (1) a possible bonus (or penalty) from withdrawals at tax rates lower (or higher) than at contribution, and (2) the impact on qualification for other income-tested programs from contributions and withdrawals reducing and adding to taxable income, minus the consequences of capital gains being taxed at regular income rates.","Roth 401(k) is a type of 401(k) where accounts, contributions, and withdrawals have no impact on income tax. The benefit of the Roth account is that the capital gains are tax-free. In the United States, a 401(k) plan is an employer-sponsored, defined-contribution, personal pension (savings) account, as defined in subsection 401(k) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. Periodical employee contributions come directly out of their paychecks and may be matched by the employer.",closed_qa "Tell me what are these visual charts appropriate for? Choropleth map, heatmap, scatter plot Density plot, horizon chart, line chart, Geographic heatmap , Bar chart",,"Although any of these charts might be used for various purposes, here is a list of use cases and corresponding chart types; Comparison: Bar chart, line chart Correlation: heatmap, scatter plot Distribution: Density plot, horizon chart Geospatial: Choropleth map, Geographic heatmap",classification What is Active Directory?,,"Active Directory is a directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. It is included in most Windows Server operating systems as a set of processes and services. Initially, Active Directory was used only for centralized domain management. However, Active Directory eventually became an umbrella title for a broad range of directory-based identity-related services.",open_qa which are the countries surrounding India,"The Republic of India shares borders with several sovereign countries; it shares land borders with China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Bangladesh and Pakistan share both land borders as well as maritime borders, while Sri Lanka shares only a maritime border through Ram Setu. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar and Indonesia. Land borders of India See also: List of disputed territories of India, Indian subcontinent, Greater India, Indosphere, and Look East policy (India) India shares land borders with seven sovereign nations. The state's Ministry of Home Affairs also recognizes a 106 kilometres (66 mi) land border with an eighth nation, Afghanistan, as part of its claim of the Kashmir region (see Durand Line). Land Border Country Dispute Length (Km) and (mi) Force Comments Bangladesh N 4,096 kilometres (2,545 mi) Border Security Force Most of the India–Bangladesh enclaves exchanged in 2015. See Bangladesh Liberation War and Bangladesh–India relations. Bhutan N 578 kilometres (359 mi) Sashastra Seema Bal Open border. See Bhutan–India relations. China Y 3,488 kilometres (2,167 mi) Indo-Tibetan Border Police and Special Frontier Force Also see Ardagh–Johnson Line, Macartney–MacDonald Line, McMahon Line, Sino-Indian border dispute and China–India relations. Myanmar N 1,643 kilometres (1,021 mi) Assam Rifles and Indian Army See India-Myanmar relations. Nepal Y 1,752 kilometres (1,089 mi) Sashastra Seema Bal Open border. See Kalapani territory, Susta territory and India-Nepal relations. Pakistan Y 3,310 kilometres (2,060 mi) Border Security Force Also see Radcliffe Line, Line of Control, Actual Ground Position Line and Sir Creek. See Partition of India, Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts and India-Pakistan relations. Maritime borders of India See also: Exclusive economic zone of India EEZs in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans Maritime borders of India are the maritime boundary recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea entails boundaries of territorial waters, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones. India, with its claim of a 12-nautical-mile (22 km; 14 mi) territorial maritime zone and 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) exclusive economic zone, has a more than 7,000-kilometre (4,300 mi) maritime border shared with seven nations. Maritime Border Country Length (km) and (mi) Force Comments Bangladesh Indian Navy New Moore Island in Bay of Bengal Indonesia Indian Navy Indira Point in Andaman Sea Myanmar Indian Navy Landfall Island in Andaman Sea Pakistan Indian Navy Sir Creek in Arabian Sea Thailand Indian Navy Similan Islands in Andaman Sea Sri Lanka >400 kilometres (250 mi) Indian Navy Katchatheevu in Palk Strait Maldives Indian Navy Maliku Kandu in Laccadive Sea","The Republic of India shares borders with several sovereign countries; it shares land borders with China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Bangladesh and Pakistan share both land borders as well as maritime borders, while Sri Lanka shares only a maritime border through Ram Setu. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar and Indonesia.",summarization Provide a list of benefits of flying first class.,,"The following are benefits of flying first class: 1. Checked bags are free 2. More comfortable seats 3. Additional leg room 4. Free alcohol on the plane 5. Better food on the plane 6. Boarding and exiting the plane first",brainstorming What are the books in Harry Potter series in order?,,"Harry Potter is a book series written by British author J.K. Rowling. The series was published from 1997 to 2007 with 7 books Book 1: Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (1997) Book 2: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (1998) Book 3: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (1999) Book 4: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2000) Book 5: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2003) Book 6: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2005) Book 7: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (2007)",open_qa Where does AAP operate?,"AAP employs around 80 journalists who work in bureaus in all states and territories of Australia except the Northern Territory. It also maintains correspondents in New Zealand and London as well as using a network of contributors from the US, Europe, Asia and Africa. AAP's domestic news coverage is complemented by alliances with the major international news agencies.","AAP employees journalists in Australia, correspondents in New Zealand and London, and a network of contributors from US, Europe, Asia, and Africa.",information_extraction "Given a reference text about the Falcons, how many Super Bowls have they won in their history?","The Atlanta Falcons are a professional American football team based in Atlanta. The Falcons compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) South division. The Falcons were founded on June 30, 1965, and joined the NFL in 1966 as an expansion team, after the NFL offered then-owner Rankin Smith a franchise to keep him from joining the rival American Football League (AFL). In their 55 years of existence, the Falcons have compiled a record of 379–487–6 (369–473–6 in the regular season and 10–14 in the playoffs), winning division championships in 1980, 1998, 2004, 2010, 2012, and 2016. The Falcons have appeared in two Super Bowls, the first during the 1998 season in Super Bowl XXXIII, where they lost to the Denver Broncos 34–19, and the second 18 years later, a 34–28 overtime loss to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LI. The Falcons' current home field is Mercedes-Benz Stadium, which opened for the 2017 season; the team's headquarters and practice facilities are located at a 50-acre (20 ha) site in Flowery Branch, northeast of Atlanta in Hall County.","Although the falcons have been to two Super Bowl games in their history, they have not won a Super Bowl yet.",closed_qa Explain inter frame,"An inter frame is a frame in a video compression stream which is expressed in terms of one or more neighboring frames. The ""inter"" part of the term refers to the use of Inter frame prediction. This kind of prediction tries to take advantage from temporal redundancy between neighboring frames enabling higher compression rates.","An inter frame is a frame in a video compression stream which is expressed in terms of one or more neighboring frames. The ""inter"" part of the term refers to the use of Inter frame prediction. This kind of prediction tries to take advantage from temporal redundancy between neighboring frames enabling higher compression rates.",summarization Provide few tips and techniques for Partner Ecosystem Enablement,,"Partner enablement involves providing your business partners with the tools, training, and resources they need to effectively sell and promote your products or services. Here are some ideas for partner enablement: Product training: Provide your partners with training on your products or services, including features and benefits, use cases, and value propositions. This can help them better understand your offerings and communicate their value to potential customers. Sales training: Offer sales training to help partners develop their selling skills and techniques, such as objection handling, solution selling, and consultative selling. This can help them better engage with customers and close more deals. Marketing collateral: Provide partners with marketing collateral, such as brochures, case studies, and white papers, that they can use to promote your products or services to their customers. Make sure the materials are customized to their needs and aligned with their messaging. Co-marketing opportunities: Work with partners to develop co-marketing campaigns, such as webinars, events, or joint advertising efforts, that can help generate leads and raise awareness of your products or services. Technical support: Offer technical support to partners, such as documentation, training, and access to your technical team, to help them better integrate and use your products or services in their solutions. Incentives and rewards: Provide partners with incentives and rewards, such as discounts, rebates, or sales incentives, to motivate them to sell and promote your products or services. Partner portals: Create a partner portal that provides partners with access to resources, training materials, and other information they need to effectively sell and promote your products or services.",brainstorming Tell me about the life and career of Alison Calder,"Alison Calder (born 21 December 1969) is a Canadian poet, literary critic and educator. Life and career Calder was born in London, England on 21 December 1969 and grew up in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. She studied at the University of Saskatchewan, where she earned a BA, and at the University of Western Ontario where she earned an MA and a PhD in English Literature. She was also a Distinguished Junior Scholar in Residence at the Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies, University of British Columbia. In 2004, she won the RBC Bronwen Wallace Award for Emerging Writers. She wrote a collection of essays in 2005 called History, Literature, and the Writing of the Canadian Prairies which examines literary critism. Her debut collection of poetry was called Wolf Tree and was published in 2007. It won the 2008 Aqua Books Lansdowne Prize for Poetry and the Eileen McTavish Sykes Award for Best First Book by a Manitoba Author at the 2008 Manitoba Book Awards. It was a finalist for the Pat Lowther Memorial Award and the Gerald Lampert Memorial Award. Her second collection, In the Tiger Park, was published in 2014 and was a finalist for the Lansdowne Prize for Poetry. She also co-wrote the chapbook Ghost Works: Improvisations in Letters and Poems, with Jeanette Lynes. She lives in Winnipeg, Manitoba and works at the University of Manitoba where she teaches literature and creative writing. She is married to writer Warren Cariou.","Alison Calder (born 21 December 1969) is a Canadian poet, literary critic and educator. Calder was born in London, England on 21 December 1969 and grew up in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. She studied at the University of Saskatchewan, where she earned a BA, and at the University of Western Ontario where she earned an MA and a PhD in English Literature. She was also a Distinguished Junior Scholar in Residence at the Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies, University of British Columbia. In 2004, she won the RBC Bronwen Wallace Award for Emerging Writers. She wrote a collection of essays in 2005 called History, Literature, and the Writing of the Canadian Prairies which examines literary critism. Her debut collection of poetry was called Wolf Tree and was published in 2007. It won the 2008 Aqua Books Lansdowne Prize for Poetry and the Eileen McTavish Sykes Award for Best First Book by a Manitoba Author at the 2008 Manitoba Book Awards. It was a finalist for the Pat Lowther Memorial Award and the Gerald Lampert Memorial Award. Her second collection, In the Tiger Park, was published in 2014 and was a finalist for the Lansdowne Prize for Poetry. She also co-wrote the chapbook Ghost Works: Improvisations in Letters and Poems, with Jeanette Lynes. She lives in Winnipeg, Manitoba and works at the University of Manitoba where she teaches literature and creative writing. She is married to writer Warren Cariou.",summarization How do I put a bouquet of fresh flowers in a vase?,,"In order to put fresh flowers in a vase, follow these steps: 1. Find a vase that it is the right size for the flowers. You can use water glasses here in a pinch. 2. Fill the vase to about two-thirds full with water. You can add a dash of bleach in the water as well, but it is not necessary. 3. Now, trim your flowers to the size of the vase. Cut the end of each flower in a diagonal cut. 4. Remove the leaves from the flowers. This will help to grow the flower without putting resources towards the leaves. Be sure to remove any leaves under the water line, since they can cause infections. 5. Arrange the flowers in the vase. You can adjust the positions until you are happy with the arrangement. 6. Place your vase in a shady spot and you're done!",open_qa What are other names used for Good Friday?,"Good Friday is a Christian holiday commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus and his death at Calvary. It is observed during Holy Week as part of the Paschal Triduum. It is also known as Holy Friday, Great Friday, Great and Holy Friday (also Holy and Great Friday), and Black Friday. Members of many Christian denominations, including the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, Anglican, Methodist, Oriental Orthodox, United Protestant and some Reformed traditions (including certain Continental Reformed, Presbyterian and Congregationalist churches), observe Good Friday with fasting and church services. In many Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and Methodist churches, the Service of the Great Three Hours' Agony is held from noon until 3 pm, the time duration that the Bible records as darkness covering the land to Jesus' sacrificial death on the cross. Communicants of the Moravian Church have a Good Friday tradition of cleaning gravestones in Moravian cemeteries. The date of Good Friday varies from one year to the next in both the Gregorian and Julian calendars. Eastern and Western Christianity disagree over the computation of the date of Easter and therefore of Good Friday. Good Friday is a widely instituted legal holiday around the world, including in most Western countries and 12 U.S. states. Some predominantly Christian countries, such as Germany, have laws prohibiting certain acts such as dancing and horse racing, in remembrance of the somber nature of Good Friday","Other names used for Good Friday are: Black Friday, Great and Holy Friday, Holy and Great Friday, Holy Friday, and Great Friday.",summarization What should I do if I consume a household cleaner?,,You should contact your local poison control who can give you medical advice,open_qa What are the top boba places in San Mateo County??,,"There are a few great boba places in San Mateo 1. Yifang, 2. TP Tea, 3. Urban Ritual 4. Cha Express 5. Feng Cha",open_qa what is the date when the declaration of independence was written?,,July 4th 1776,open_qa "Tell me whether or not these states are considered mountainous: Idaho, Vermont, Kansas, Hawaii, Florida, New Mexico, California, Rhode Island",,"Idaho, Vermont, Hawaii, New Mexico, and California are considered mountainous. Kansas Florida, and Rhode Island are not.",classification Who bred the famous Gone West racehorse?,"Gone West (March 10, 1984 – September 7, 2009) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Bred by William O. Reed, he was a son of the influential sire Mr. Prospector. His dam, Secrettame, was a daughter of 1973 U.S. Triple Crown winner Secretariat. Purchased by Alice du Pont Mills and raced under her Hickory Tree Stable banner, Gone West was conditioned for racing by U.S. Racing Hall of Fame trainer Woody Stephens.","Gone West was bread by William O. Reed, the son of the influential sire Mr. Prospector.",summarization Which parts of India were largely affected by the cyclone Bulbul?,,West Bengal & Odhisha,open_qa What is Paris-Brest named after?,"The round pastry, in the form of a wheel, was created in 1910 by Louis Durand, pâtissier of Maisons-Laffitte, at the request of Pierre Giffard, to commemorate the Paris–Brest–Paris bicycle race he had initiated in 1891. Its circular shape is representative of a wheel. It became popular with riders on the Paris–Brest–Paris cycle race, partly because of its energizing, high-calorie value and its intriguing name, and is now found in pâtisseries all over France.","Paris-Brest is a round french pastry, usually prepared as a choux pastry with a cream filling. The pastry is shaped like a circle with a hole in the middle, meant to represent a bicycle wheel in honor of a famous bicycle race between the French cities of Paris and Brest.",summarization "per this reference of Itsunen Shoyu, who did he convince to bring Zen Buddhism to Japan?","In 1642 he travelled to Nagasaki as a trader in Chinese medicine, and in 1644 entered Kofukuji Temple, becoming its 3rd abbot in 1645. Established by monks immigrated from China, the temple was then a base of the Ōbaku school of Zen Buddhism in Japan. In 1654 after multiple requests he succeeded in persuading Yinyuan Longqi (Ingen Ryuki), the 33rd abbot of Wanfu Temple (Mount Huangbo, Fujian) to emigrate to Japan, where he founded Ōbaku, the third and final major Japanese Zen sect.",Yinyuan Longqi (Ingen Ryuki) the 33rd abbot of Wanfu Temple,closed_qa What are some good flowers to plant in Hardiness Zone 7?,,"You can grow a lot of great flowers in Zone 7. For shady areas of your garden, try hostas, lily of the valley, and heuchera. If you have more sun, irises, roses, peonies, and begonias should all do well.",brainstorming Extract the name and year of release from all albums released by the band Radiohead. List in the format {name} - {year} in a semicolon list.,"Radiohead are an English rock band formed in Abingdon, Oxfordshire, in 1985. The band consists of Thom Yorke (vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards); brothers Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, keyboards, other instruments) and Colin Greenwood (bass); Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals); and Philip Selway (drums, percussion). They have worked with the producer Nigel Godrich and the cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994. Radiohead's experimental approach is credited with advancing the sound of alternative rock. Radiohead signed to EMI in 1991 and released their debut album, Pablo Honey, in 1993. Their debut single, ""Creep"", became a worldwide hit. Radiohead's popularity and critical standing rose with the release of The Bends in 1995. Radiohead's third album, OK Computer (1997), brought them international fame; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation, it is acclaimed as a landmark record and one of the best albums in popular music. Radiohead's fourth album, Kid A (2000), marked a dramatic change in style, incorporating influences from electronic music, jazz, classical music and krautrock. Though Kid A divided listeners, it was later named the best album of the decade by multiple outlets. It was followed by Amnesiac (2001), recorded in the same sessions. Hail to the Thief (2003), with lyrics addressing the War on Terror, blended the band's rock and electronic sides, and was Radiohead's final album for EMI. Radiohead self-released their seventh album, In Rainbows (2007), as a download for which customers could set their own price, to critical and chart success. Their eighth album, The King of Limbs (2011), an exploration of rhythm, was developed using extensive looping and sampling. A Moon Shaped Pool (2016) prominently featured Jonny Greenwood's orchestral arrangements. Yorke, Jonny Greenwood, Selway, and O'Brien have released solo albums; in 2021, Yorke and Jonny Greenwood debuted a new band, the Smile. By 2011, Radiohead had sold more than 30 million albums worldwide. Their awards include six Grammy Awards and four Ivor Novello Awards, and they hold five Mercury Prize nominations, the most of any act. Seven Radiohead singles have reached the top 10 on the UK Singles Chart: ""Creep"" (1992), ""Street Spirit (Fade Out)"" (1996), ""Paranoid Android"" (1997), ""Karma Police"" (1997), ""No Surprises"" (1998), ""Pyramid Song"" (2001), and ""There There"" (2003). ""Creep"" and ""Nude"" (2008) reached the top 40 on the US Billboard Hot 100. Rolling Stone named Radiohead one of the 100 greatest artists of all time, and Rolling Stone readers voted them the second-best artist of the 2000s. Five Radiohead albums have been included in Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time lists. Radiohead were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2019.",Pablo Honey - 1993; The Bends - 1995; OK Computer - 1997; Kid A - 2000; Amnesiac - 2001; Hail to the Thief - 2003; In Rainbows - 2007; The King of Limbs - 2011; A Moon Shaped Pool - 2016,information_extraction What year was Kerala formed?,"Kerala (English: /ˈkɛrələ/ KERR-ə-lə; Malayalam: [ke:ɾɐɭɐm] (listen)) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South Canara, and Travancore. Spread over 38,863 km2 (15,005 sq mi), Kerala is the 21st largest Indian state by area. It is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west. With 33 million inhabitants as per the 2011 census, Kerala is the 13th-largest Indian state by population. It is divided into 14 districts with the capital being Thiruvananthapuram. Malayalam is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state.",1956,closed_qa Which Russian author to read first?,,I'd recommend something like Crime and Punishment (Dostoevsky) or Anna Karenina (Tolstoy) for someone starting out with Russian novels. Branch out from there to something like Master and Margarita (Bulgakov) or Fathers and Children (Turgenev) afterward.,open_qa Write down some important aspects of short story Reason from the given text,"""Reason"" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov, first published in the April 1941 issue of Astounding Science Fiction and collected in I, Robot (1950), The Complete Robot (1982), and Robot Visions (1990). It is part of Asimov's Robot series, and was the second of Asimov's positronic robot stories to see publication.","1. Isaac Asimov, an American author of science fiction, first published ""Reason"" in the April 1941 edition of Astounding Science Fiction. 2. It was later collected in Robot (1950), The Complete Robot (1982), and Robot Visions. (1990). 3. I was the second of Asimov's positronic robot stories to be published, it is a part of the Robot series.",summarization "Jill, a 60-year-old personal training client, wants to improve her hip flexibility. Identify two exercises commonly done in a Pilates class that would address core strength and flexibility, thus improving Jill's lower back health.",,"One exercise is the criss-cross, which helps target the participant’s core strength and flexibility. The participant alternates bringing one shoulder towards the opposing knee, while keeping their hands on the back of their head, lying face-up, and curling their head up. Another exercise would be plank leg lift, which starts as a regular high plank. The participant alternates lifting one leg off the floor, keeping their core engaged to stabilize the movement.",brainstorming Should you buy a new or a used car?,,"You would firstly need to consider your budget and your appetite to borrow money, before you make a decision to buy a new or a used car.",open_qa When was Genghis Khan born?,"Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; c. 1162 — 25 August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khagan of the Mongol Empire, which later became the largest contiguous land empire in history. Having spent the majority of his life uniting the Mongol tribes, he launched a series of military campaigns which conquered large parts of China and Central Asia.",1162,closed_qa What are some famous Belgian singers?,,"Famous Belgian singers include Jacques Brel, Stromae and Helmut Lotti",open_qa "Given this reference text, in which year was the youth novel by R.M. Ballantyne - which inspired Golding's first novel - written?","Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel. The concept arose after Golding read what he deemed to be an unrealistic portrayal of stranded children in the youth novel The Coral Island: a Tale of the Pacific Ocean (1857) by R. M. Ballantyne, which includes themes of the civilising effect of Christianity and the importance of hierarchy and leadership. Golding asked his wife, Ann, if it would ""be a good idea if I wrote a book about children on an island, children who behave in the way children really would behave?"" As a result, the novel contains various references to The Coral Island, such as the rescuing naval officer's description of the boys' initial attempts at civilised cooperation as a ""olly good show. Like the Coral Island."" Golding's three central characters (Ralph, Piggy, and Jack) have also been interpreted as caricatures of Ballantyne's Coral Island protagonists.",1857,closed_qa Give me a brief about Manchester City,"Manchester City Football Club, commonly referred to as Man City, is an English football club based in Manchester that competes in the Premier League, the top division in the English football league system. It founded in 1880 as St. Mark's (West Gorton), then Ardwick Association Football Club in 1887 and Manchester City in 1894. The club's home ground is the Etihad Stadium in east Manchester, to which they moved in 2003, having played at Maine Road since 1923. Manchester City adopted their sky blue home shirts in 1894, in the first season with the current name. Since its inception, the club has won eight league titles, six FA Cups, eight League Cups, six FA Community Shields, and one European Cup Winners' Cup. The club joined the Football League in 1892, and won their first major honour, the FA Cup, in 1904. The club had its first major period of success in the late 1960s and early 1970s, winning the league title, FA Cup, League Cup, and European Cup Winners Cup under the management of Joe Mercer and Malcolm Allison. After losing the 1981 FA Cup Final, Manchester City went through a period of decline, culminating in relegation to the third tier of English football for the only time in their history in 1998. Following promotion to the top tier in 2001–02, they have remained in the Premier League since 2002–03.","The Manchester City Football Club, commonly referred to as Man City, is an English football club based in Manchester that competes in the Premier League, the top division in the English football league system. It founded in 1880 as St. Mark's (West Gorton), then Ardwick Association Football Club in 1887 and Manchester City in 1894. The club's home ground is the Etihad Stadium in east Manchester, to which they moved in 2003, having played at Maine Road since 1923. Manchester City adopted their sky blue home shirts in 1894, in the first season with the current name. Since its inception, the club has won eight league titles, six FA Cups, eight League Cups, six FA Community Shields, and one European Cup Winners' Cup. The club joined the Football League in 1892, and won their first major honour, the FA Cup, in 1904. The club had its first major period of success in the late 1960s and early 1970s, winning the league title, FA Cup, League Cup, and European Cup Winners Cup under the management of Joe Mercer and Malcolm Allison. After losing the 1981 FA Cup Final, Manchester City went through a period of decline, culminating in relegation to the third tier of English football for the only time in their history in 1998. Following promotion to the top tier in 2001–02, they have remained in the Premier League since 2002–03.",summarization How do I cook the best steak on the bbq?,,"The best option for cooking a steak on the BBQ is to sear the steaks on the hottest part of the grill for a few minutes on each side, turning only once to form grill marks and then finishing the steaks on the cooler part of the grill for a few more minutes, until the desired doneness is reached. Here are the directions for the best results. You’ll want to remove steaks from the refrigerator 20 minutes before grilling and let sit, covered, at room temperature. During this time, preheat your grill on high. After 20 minutes, you’ll want to brush the steaks on both sides with oil and season liberally with salt and pepper, or your desired steak seasoning. Once the steaks and grill are both ready, you’ll place the steaks on the grill and cook until golden brown and slightly charred, which should take roughly 4 to 5 minutes. Turn the steaks and continue to grill for an additional 4 – 5 minutes for medium-rare, which has an internal temperature of 135 degrees Fahrenheit. For medium, you’ll grill for 5 to 7 minutes or 140 degrees Fahrenheit, or 8 to 10 minutes for medium-well at 150 degrees Fahrenheit. At the desired steak temperature, you will remove and transfer the steaks to a cutting board or platter, and let rest for 5 minutes before slicing and serving.",open_qa "Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: BAIC, GMC",,"BAIC is Chinese, GMC is American",classification In which popular 1970s educational computer game could a character die of dysentery or drowning due to a poorly-caulked wagon?,,The Oregon Trail,open_qa What is Magical Thinking?,"Magical thinking, or superstitious thinking, is the belief that unrelated events are causally connected despite the absence of any plausible causal link between them, particularly as a result of supernatural effects. Examples include the idea that personal thoughts can influence the external world without acting on them, or that objects must be causally connected if they resemble each other or have come into contact with each other in the past. Magical thinking is a type of fallacious thinking and is a common sour",Magical thinking is the belief that unrelated events are causally connected despite the absence of any plausible causal link between them.,closed_qa Give me some tips on how to train for a marathon.,,"- Come up with a training plan - Plan for 3-5 months of training - Increase your daily mileage gradually - Increase your weekly mileage gradually - Have a mix of speedwork and endurance work - Include sessions to build strength - Stretch before and after your runs - Include rest days for recovery - Pay attention to nutrition and hydration - Pay attention to hydration - Taper 2 weeks before the marathon - Go for it, good luck on race day!",brainstorming "Classify these items as likely to be found in a bedroom vs likely to be found in a park: laptop, water glass, grass, trail, water, rocks, pillow, curtains.",,"Laptop, water glass, pillow and curtains are all more likely to be found in a bedroom. Grass, trail, and rocks are more likely to be found in a park. Water is likely to be found in a bedroom in a glass for drinking, but could also be found in a park in the form of a lake or stream.",classification Why does my dog dig in the furniture?,,"Most dogs were originally bred to service a function. Some dogs were bred to chase small animals, for hunting rabbits or fox. Many of these breeds were also intended to dig for their kills, so your dog may burrow because it's born to do that. Said differently, some terrier breeds were meant to hunt rats, i.e. the rat terrier. These dogs will dig even if there is nothing to dig for simply because it's what they were bred to do. Other dogs dig to create nesting areas, to warm up their area before they lay down, or to check for bugs.",open_qa Write a brief passage arguing for the use of genetically modified crops in agriculture.,,"In recent times, genetically modified crops have developed a negative sentiment in popular culture. Much like the organic food movement of the 2000s, this change in sentiment is fueled by a general lack of scientific education. There is much more nuance to the issue than ""genetically modified crops are bad"". Often, people associate the term ""GMO"" with genetic modification in popular media, seeing it in the same light as cybernetic enhancement or cloning. Genetic modification, however, is not a mysterious science. It has a storied past throughout human history in the form of selective breeding. Almost every mass-harvested crop today has undergone ""genetic modification"" via selective breeding. Today, modern techniques for genetic modification are the same thing, only sped up. The key here is to make the connection between genetic modification as it has traditionally been done with the genetic modification that occurs today.",creative_writing What is the difference between the Debt Snowball and Debt Avalanche methods of paying off debt?,,"The Debt Snowball and Debt Avalanche are two widely known methods of paying off debt. One is a mathematically faster way to pay off the debt; whereas, the alternative is slightly slower but is more psychologically motivating. This motivation is what helps the person reach their debt pay off goals. The following set of debts will be used as the basis for explaining each method: Debt A has a balance of $10,000 at a 4% interest rate. Debt B has a balance of $5,000 at a 10% interest rate. Debt C has a balance of $8,000 at a 24% interest rate. The Debt Avalanche is typically the fastest and most cost effective way to pay off debt. The person makes minimum payments on all their debts and any extra goes towards the account with highest interest rate (Debt C in example above). Once that first balance is paid off, the person takes the payments from that and puts it all towards the second highest interest rate (Debt B). Repeat until all debts are paid. The Debt Snowball is a method popularized by a personal finance expert, Dave Ramsey, in Step 2 of his 7 Baby Steps to building wealth. This method uses psychology by paying off the smallest balance first (Debt B above). The theory is that the feeling of quickly paying off a debt balance provides the motivation to stick with the program. Similar to the Debt Avalanche, the person takes the payments from Debt B and puts it towards the next smallest balance (Debt C). Repeat until all debts are paid.",open_qa Please give me a quick overview of Franklin Roosevelt's career.,"Roosevelt attended Groton School, Harvard College, and Columbia Law School, going on to practice law in New York City. He won election to the New York State Senate in 1910 and then served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under president Woodrow Wilson during World War I. Roosevelt was James M. Cox's running mate on the Democratic Party's ticket in the 1920 United States presidential election, but Cox was defeated by Republican Warren G. Harding. In 1921, Roosevelt contracted a paralytic illness that permanently paralyzed his legs. He returned to public office by winning the 1928 New York gubernatorial election. He served as governor of New York from 1929 to 1933, promoting programs to combat the Great Depression besetting the United States at the time. In the 1932 presidential election, Roosevelt defeated Republican incumbent president Herbert Hoover in a landslide. During his first 100 days as president, Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented federal legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal. He created numerous programs to provide relief to the unemployed and farmers while seeking economic recovery with the National Recovery Administration and other programs. He also instituted major regulatory reforms related to finance, communications, and labor, and presided over the end of Prohibition. In 1936, Roosevelt won a landslide reelection with the economy having improved rapidly from 1933, but the economy relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 and 1938. Later, Roosevelt unsuccessfully sought passage of the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937. The conservative coalition formed in 1937 to block the implementation of further New Deal programs and reforms. He ran successfully for reelection in 1940, becoming the only American president to serve for more than two terms. With World War II looming after 1938 in addition to the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany, Roosevelt gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China as well as the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union while the United States remained officially neutral. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, he obtained a declaration of war on Japan the next day, and a few days later, on Germany and Italy. He worked closely with other national leaders in leading the Allies against the Axis powers. Roosevelt supervised the mobilization of the American economy to support the war effort and implemented a Europe first strategy. He also initiated the development of the world's first atomic bomb and worked with the other Allied leaders to lay the groundwork for the United Nations and other post-war institutions. He won reelection in 1944 but with his physical health seriously and steadily declining during the war years, he died in 1945. Since his death, several of Roosevelt's actions have come under substantial criticism, such as his ordering of the incarceration of Japanese Americans in concentration camps. Nonetheless, historical rankings consistently rank Roosevelt as one of the greatest presidents in American history.","Franklin Delano Roosevelt was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. He previously served as the 44th governor of New York from 1929 to 1933, the Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 1913 to 1920, and a member of the New York State Senate from 1911 to 1913.",summarization "Given this paragraph about video games, when was the Legend of Zelda originally released?","The Legend of Zelda, originally released in Japan as The Hyrule Fantasy: Zelda no Densetsu, is a 1986 action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo. The first game of The Legend of Zelda series, it is set in the fantasy land of Hyrule and centers on an elf-like boy named Link, who aims to collect the eight fragments of the Triforce of Wisdom in order to rescue Princess Zelda from the antagonist Ganon. During the course of the game, the player controls Link from a top-down perspective and navigates throughout the overworld and dungeons, collecting weapons, defeating enemies and uncovering secrets along the way.",1986,closed_qa "Given the following information about the speed of light: Speed of light in vacuum which has a refractive index of 1 is 300Km/sec Speed of light in water which has a refractive index of 1.3 is 225Km/sec Speed of light in diamond which has a refractive index of 2.4 is 125Km/sec Estimate the speed of light in glass which has a refractive index of 1.5",,"From the information given we can see the light of speed is inversely proportional the refractive index of the medium. We can estimate the speed of light in glass as speed of light in vacuum divided by the medium's refractive index. In case of glass that would be 300Km/1.5 = 200Km/sec. The estimated speed of light in glass will be around 200 Km/sec",brainstorming Which Shakespeare play inspired West Side Story?,"""West Side Story is a musical conceived by Jerome Robbins with music by Leonard Bernstein, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and a book by Arthur Laurents. Inspired by William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet, the story is set in the mid-1950s in the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City, then a multiracial, blue-collar neighborhood. The musical explores the rivalry between the Jets and the Sharks, two teenage street gangs of different ethnic backgrounds. The Sharks, who are recent migrants from Puerto Rico, and the Jets, who are white, vie for dominance of the neighborhood, and the police try to keep order. The young protagonist, Tony, a former member of the Jets and best friend of the gang's leader, Riff, falls in love with Maria, the sister of Bernardo, the leader of the Sharks. The dark theme, sophisticated music, extended dance scenes, tragic love story, and focus on social problems marked a turning point in musical theatre.""",West Side Story was inspired by William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet.,closed_qa How can one find time to do everything effectively in life?,,"We feel 100% occupied with varied number of things that we are engaged with in life. And when we look closely, this doesn't really take a lot of tasks usually. If you notice, you will realize that one can get (or feel like) totally busy with any amount of tasks and when multi-tasking and juggling between different things, the effectiveness of the work depends on how one is able to complete individual pieces with their utmost focus. When one is focussed on their work, distractions are the one of hinderances that comes in the path of effectiveness of a task. Distractions could come in the form of phone calls, emails, requests over online chats, scheduled meetings, someone walking into the workspace for a talk, etc and majority of them result in adding up some kind of work to be performed. While it interrupts one's attention, in the modern ways of operating through life, most of these modes of communication are necessary to function and we need to be prepared for all the distractions that comes our way. Let us look at some of the ways to better handle and succeed in such circumstances: 1. Give our 100% attention to the current task at hand, for however small amount of time it may be, before being distracted. 2. Complete the things that can be done quickly. 3. Retain Context for switching off and back. 4. Maintain, Prioritize and track all pending To-Do's. 5. Set the expectations and commit based on the current To-Do tasks and their priorities. 6. As applicable, not taking up the work that is expected out of someone else.",creative_writing Which is a species of fish? Tope or Rope,,Tope,classification "Tell me which of the following are MLB teams: A's, Washing Machines, Ringed Tails, Giants, Yankees, Astros, Phillies, Cherries, Wild.",,"A's, Giants, Yankees, Astros, Phillies.",classification What happens when you bring flammable objects closer to a fire source or extreme heat?,,Flammable objects can become inflamed when placed on or near a fire source or extreme heat. Its recommended to keep flammable objects far away from heat sources.,open_qa Who are the Weasleys?,,"The Weasley family is a family in the Harry Potter franchise known to be the friends of Harry Potter. You can recognize them by their red hair. The Weasleys are with 9, Molly, Arthur, Charlie, Bill, Fred, George, Percy, Ron & Ginny. They live in the Burrows which is also a safehouse later in the story.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about the description of wakesurfing, what is needed to generate the wave?","Wakesurfing is a water sport in which a rider trails behind a boat, riding the boat's wake without being directly pulled by the boat. After getting up on the wake, typically by use of a tow rope, the wakesurfers will drop the rope, and ride the steep face below the wave's peak in a fashion reminiscent of surfing. Wakesurfers generally use special boards, designed specifically for wakes.",a boat,closed_qa "Given a reference text about the Northern Colorado Bears, tell me the different conferences their teams compete in.","The Northern Colorado Bears are the athletic teams representing the University of Northern Colorado in Greeley, Colorado in intercollegiate athletics. The university sponsors seventeen teams including men and women's basketball, cross country, golf, tennis, and track and field; women's-only soccer, softball, swimming and diving, and volleyball; and men's-only baseball, football, and wrestling. The Bears compete in NCAA Division I, with the football team competing at the FCS level, and most teams are members of the Big Sky Conference. Three Northern Colorado teams have separate affiliations in sports that the Big Sky does not sponsor. The baseball team competes in the Summit League, the women's swimming and diving team is an affiliate member of the Western Athletic Conference, and the wrestling team is a member of the Big 12 Conference.","The Northern Colorado Bears teams compete mostly in the Big Sky Conference. However, some teams compete in the Summit League, Western Athletic Conference, and the Big 12 Conference.",closed_qa What is an adverb?,,"An adverb is a word that describes or modifies a verb, adjective or another adverb and will usually end with ""ly"", such as slowly, creatively or fully. There a some adverbs that don't end in ""ly"", such as soon, ever, yet, away. For example, it soon became clear that he would be late.",open_qa Who is the antagonist on The X-Files?,,"There are many antagonists on The X-Files, but the most long-running individual antagonist is The Cigarette Smoking Man (CSM) also known as C.G.B. Spender. He was primarily responsible for orchestrating conspiracies. He was a member of ""The Syndicate,"" which was a mysterious shadow government group that covered up the existence of extraterrestrial life.",classification Can you explain the Keto diet and ketosis?,,"The keto diet, short for the ketogenic diet, focuses on high-fat and low-carbohydrate consumption in order to achieve a state of ketosis. Ketosis is a metabolic state in which fat stores in the liver produce ketones to use as energy instead of glucose from carbohydrates. The idea here is to force the body to burn fat for energy instead of carbs, which contributes to weight loss and other healthy effects such as enhanced blood sugar and energy levels. It is worth noting that this diet requires a lifestyle that is often difficult to maintain and breaking it can lead to adverse effects. Some professionals advocate for moderation, balance and regular exercise rather than attempting to maintain ketosis.",open_qa What articles of clothes are often worn by people in summer months?,,"In summer, when the weather is warmer, it is typical for people to wear shorts or skirts, light shirts, and sandals. People can also wear swimming suits with cover ups if they are somewhere where swimming is likely, such as a beach, pool, or water park.",brainstorming Is the lacavore diet beneficial?,,"While it is harmful to the world trade and transportation of foods, the locavore diet is generally beneficial to the environment, local farmers, and people. In a small community, the locavore diet would contribute to the local economy as well as the health of the population. The locavore diet is a restriction in which people are encouraged to eat foods produced within a 100 mile radius of them, which not only benefits their health, as they are eating organic, locally produced foods, but also local farmers, by buying their produce, and the environment, by eliminating the harmful effects of transportation, such as airplanes and trucks. A common concern of younger generations is the state of our environment, thanks to the continuation of air and water pollution as well as global warming. The locavore diet targets these exact concerns. In Source A, Maiser notes that a study from the journal Food Policy in 2005 found that buying locally produced foods eliminated the environmental damage that most food transportation causes. The locavore diet is not only friendly to the environment but also to the farmers who produce organic foods. In the USA, the increased purchasing of local foods has created a revival of small farms, with the number of small farms rising 20%, or approximately 1.2 million farms, in just the past six years (Source E). In small communities where small farms are a main source of produce, the locavore diet benefits the local economy, as more money is spent on local farmers and businesses. The increase in small farms within America is also beneficial to the national economy, as money is being spent within the country and perpetuates within our economy. Despite its benefits to local farmers, farmers from around the world who were dependent upon the trade and transportation of foods have been suffering. For example, Kenya is responsible for most of the UK’s green beans, and while the locavore diet would support local farmers in the UK, approximately 1.5 million of Kenyan farmers’ livelihoods would be threatened. However, the same argument could be applied to local farmers: the import of foods from countries like Kenya decreases the money spent on small, local farms. In addition, eliminating the need to import food is beneficial to the national economy, as money is being spent on American farmers, who will then spend that money in America, rather than being spent outside of the country. Perhaps the most powerful appeal to the locavore diet is its healthiness. Not only do local foods have fewer susceptibility to contamination, but the physical distance of local foods causes them to harbor more powerful vitamins, minerals, and disease-fighting substances. In Source B, Smith argues that because local fruits and vegetables travel shorter distances, they are therefore more likely to be closer to maximum nutritional value. In a notoriously unhealthy society, Americans are likely to benefit from the locavore diet because it emphasizes the importance of eating fruits and vegetables. The locavore diet, while having some drawbacks, is overall beneficial to small communities: it keeps local farms in business which in turn stimulates the local and national economies, it reduces potentially harmful environmental impacts by decreasing the use of air and road transportation, and it allows for more nutritional value in the foods people eat. Worldwide, the locavore diet may not be as helpful, as it would all but eliminate the need for food trade. However, for small, tight-knit communities, the locavore diet would be arguably beneficial.",creative_writing "Identify which car manufacturer is French or American: Venturi, Lincoln",,"Venturi is French, Lincoln is American",classification "Who was Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge","Charles Stuart (22 October 1660 – 5 May 1661) was the first of four sons and eight children born from the marriage between the Duke of York (later King James II of England & VII of Scotland) and his first wife, Anne Hyde. He was styled Duke of Cambridge, but never formally created so, because he died so young. Charles was conceived seven months before his parents' official marriage and if royal advisors and Queen Henrietta Maria, the mother of James, had their way, he could have been declared illegitimate. King Charles II, James's older brother, approved of the marriage and the wedding between James and Anne was held on 3 September 1660 in London. Charles was born on 22 October and was baptised on 1 January 1661 at Worcester House. However, he died before reaching the age of one, after becoming ill with smallpox. He was buried in Westminster Abbey on 6 May 1661. Three of his younger brothers, likewise short-lived, were also called Duke of Cambridge: James, Edgar, and Charles. Arms See adjacent text Coat of arms as Duke of Cambridge During his short life, Charles bore a coat of arms, as a grandson of a British sovereign, consisting those of the kingdom, differenced by a label argent of five points ermine.","Charles Stuart (22 October 1660 – 5 May 1661) was the first of four sons and eight children born from the marriage between the Duke of York (later King James II of England & VII of Scotland) and his first wife, Anne Hyde. He was styled Duke of Cambridge, but never formally created so, because he died so young. Charles was conceived seven months before his parents' official marriage and if royal advisors and Queen Henrietta Maria, the mother of James, had their way, he could have been declared illegitimate. King Charles II, James's older brother, approved of the marriage and the wedding between James and Anne was held on 3 September 1660 in London. Charles was born on 22 October and was baptised on 1 January 1661 at Worcester House. However, he died before reaching the age of one, after becoming ill with smallpox. He was buried in Westminster Abbey on 6 May 1661. Three of his younger brothers, likewise short-lived, were also called Duke of Cambridge: James, Edgar, and Charles. During his short life, Charles bore a coat of arms, as a grandson of a British sovereign, consisting those of the kingdom, differenced by a label argent of five points ermine.",closed_qa "What is an expert system, and when did they first emerge?","Boom 1980–1987 In the 1980s a form of AI program called ""expert systems"" was adopted by corporations around the world and knowledge became the focus of mainstream AI research. In those same years, the Japanese government aggressively funded AI with its fifth generation computer project. Another encouraging event in the early 1980s was the revival of connectionism in the work of John Hopfield and David Rumelhart. Once again, AI had achieved success. The rise of expert systems An expert system is a program that answers questions or solves problems about a specific domain of knowledge, using logical rules that are derived from the knowledge of experts. The earliest examples were developed by Edward Feigenbaum and his students. Dendral, begun in 1965, identified compounds from spectrometer readings. MYCIN, developed in 1972, diagnosed infectious blood diseases. They demonstrated the feasibility of the approach. Expert systems restricted themselves to a small domain of specific knowledge (thus avoiding the commonsense knowledge problem) and their simple design made it relatively easy for programs to be built and then modified once they were in place. All in all, the programs proved to be useful: something that AI had not been able to achieve up to this point. In 1980, an expert system called XCON was completed at CMU for the Digital Equipment Corporation. It was an enormous success: it was saving the company 40 million dollars annually by 1986. Corporations around the world began to develop and deploy expert systems and by 1985 they were spending over a billion dollars on AI, most of it to in-house AI departments. An industry grew up to support them, including hardware companies like Symbolics and Lisp Machines and software companies such as IntelliCorp and Aion.","An expert system is a program that uses logical rules derived from expert knowledge to answer questions or solve problems in a specific domain of knowledge. The first expert system, called Dendral, was developed in 1965 by Edward Feigenbaum and his students and identified compounds from spectrometer readings.",closed_qa "I'm at a board game shop and want to buy a game that either requires physical skill or economic strategy. Here are the available games: Pictionary, Monopoly, Trivial Pursuit, Jenga, Operation, Catan, Diplomacy and Hungry Hippos. Give me a shortlist.",,"Your shortlist consists of games that require physical skill or economic strategy: Physical Skill: Jenga, Operation, Hungry Hippos Economic Strategy: Catan, Diplomacy, Monopoly",classification write a poem about the state of georgia,,"Georgia, Georgia You're always on my mind And one thing that I hear is that your people are so kind You've got the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Atlantic Coast You are such a gem to me it seems so about you I will boast Your capital city is the home of the Braves, the Falcons and the Hawks With parks like Grant and Piedmont where you can take a peaceful walk You've produced so many artists the list is hard to write From Ray and Otis to Outkast and oh yes Gladys Knight I hope to visit you one day I say it all the time I'll cheer Go Dawgs and do the Chop because Georgia's on my mind",creative_writing Rank countries with highest population,,Total world population is around 8 billion. China has 1.4 billion and India has another 1.4 billion population. United States has 330 million. Indonesia has 270 million and Pakistan has 235 million. 45% of the world population is present in these 5 countries.,brainstorming On a golf course where are the holes?,,The hole is on the green of a golf course,open_qa Which is a species of fish? Pickerel or Pickle,,Pickerel,classification What is a spiral staircase?,,A spiral staircase is a set of stairs that circles around a central pole and allows for a steeper ascent than other stair designs.,open_qa Running a business is tough and there will always be problems in the market. Make the case to a skeptical colleague as to why private sector managers should devote attention and energy to being a steward of the institutions of capitalism. Please include citations for Jonathan Haidt.,,"To steward means to take care of, to guide, and it implies a sense of responsibility. I agree with the notion that, in addition to stories about capitalism prevailing as either an extractor or savior, a third story can be written of “prosperity with problems” in which participants are grateful for accomplishments yet pursuing improvements (Haidt, J.) Putting that together, then, who is responsible for writing this story? I believe that answer to be business leaders themselves -- or else be beholden to government regulation to steward the institution in the direction that benefits not just owners and shareholders, but all stakeholders including employees and the environment. But why should business leaders steward the market? Private managers hold a moral obligation to those relying on capitalism for work and health insurance to create sustainable jobs. As individuals count on business leaders to respond to our world’s most prevalent issues, business leaders also hold a social obligation to do so with care. This response also assigns the appropriate accountability to whomever is responsible for perpetuating a system – if business leaders want to reap the rewards of profit, they must assume responsibility for the very conditions which benefit them. As alluded to above, private interests sometimes conflict horribly with what society and individuals need, so government regulators must be stewards alongside business leaders. Additionally, business leaders can take a step away from their day-to-day and learn from those who have dedicated their lives to research.",creative_writing "Inflation means that the general level of prices is going up, the opposite of deflation. More money will be needed to pay for goods (like a loaf of bread) and services (like getting a haircut at the hairdresser's).",,"Inflation means that the general level of prices is going up, the opposite of deflation. More money will be needed to pay for goods (like a loaf of bread) and services (like getting a haircut at the hairdresser's). Economists measure inflation regularly to know an economy's state. Inflation changes the ratio of money towards goods or services; more money is needed to get the same amount of a good or service, or the same amount of money will get a lower amount of a good or service.",open_qa What is Ralph Baer famous for?,,Invented video games,open_qa what was the manhattan project during world war 2?,"In June 1942, the US Army established the Manhattan Project to handle its part in the atom bomb project and began the process of transferring responsibility from the Office of Scientific Research and Development to the military. In September, Groves was appointed director of what became known as the Manhattan Project. He selected Oppenheimer to head the project's secret weapons laboratory. This choice surprised many, because Oppenheimer had left-wing political views and no record as a leader of large projects. Groves was concerned by the fact that Oppenheimer did not have a Nobel Prize and might not have had the prestige to direct fellow scientists.But he was impressed by Oppenheimer's singular grasp of the practical aspects of designing and constructing an atomic bomb and by the breadth of his knowledge. As a military engineer, Groves knew that this would be vital in an interdisciplinary project that would involve not just physics, but chemistry, metallurgy, ordnance and engineering. Groves also detected in Oppenheimer something that many others did not, an ""overweening ambition"" that Groves reckoned would supply the drive necessary to push the project to a successful conclusion. Isidor Rabi considered the appointment ""a real stroke of genius on the part of General Groves, who was not generally considered to be a genius"".","The Manhattan Project was a research and development started by the US military during the second world war to produce the first nuclear weapons. Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. Leslie Groves was initially not convinced that Oppenheimer could lead other scientists, but he was impressed that Oppenheimer had such a full grasp of the subject to lead this into an actual materialized atomic bomb. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, Oppenheimer also had an extreme drive to see the project to completion.",summarization Whos the lowest drafted NBA player to win the MVP (most valuable player) award?,"Each member of the voting panel casts a vote for first to fifth place selections. Each first-place vote is worth 10 points; each second-place vote is worth seven; each third-place vote is worth five, fourth-place is worth three and fifth-place is worth one. Starting from 2010, one ballot was cast by fans through online voting. The player with the highest point total wins the award. As of the 2021–22 season, the current holder of the award is Nikola Jokić of the Denver Nuggets. Jokić is the lowest draft pick to win the award, being selected 41st by Denver in the 2014 NBA draft. Every player who has won this award and has been eligible for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame has been inducted. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won the award a record six times. He is also the only player to win the award despite his team not making the playoffs back in the 1975–76 season. Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times, while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times. Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons. Moses Malone, Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times, while Bob Pettit, Karl Malone, Tim Duncan, Steve Nash, Stephen Curry, Giannis Antetokounmpo and Nikola Jokić have each won it twice. Russell, Chamberlain, and Bird are the only players to win the award in three consecutive years. Only two rookies have won the award: Chamberlain in the 1959–60 season and Wes Unseld in the 1968–69 season. Hakeem Olajuwon of Nigeria, Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Nash of Canada, Dirk Nowitzki of Germany, Antetokounmpo of Greece, and Jokić of Serbia are the only MVP winners considered ""international players"" by the NBA.",Nikola Jokic is the lowest draft pick to win the award. Nikola Jokic was drafted 41st overall by the Denver Nuggets in 2014.,information_extraction "How do Nietzsche and Haraway critique the concept of scientific knowledge and its pursuit of objectivity? How do they use the ideas of ""the god-trick"" and ""pride"" to explain the faults in scientific discoveries?",,"In Nietzsche’s, “On the Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense” Nietzsche explains his attitude towards human scientific knowledge with great skepticism, even alluding to humans as “the most arrogant and mendacious” creations (On Truth and Lying in an Extra-Moral Sense, 7). This same sort of criticism is brought up in the concept of “the god-trick” in Haraway’s, “Situated Knowledge: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective.” Haraway explains this concept as an illusion within which humans compare their own knowledge to the idea of infinite knowledge to that of a god. This sort of intellectual superiority has been a long-standing concept in human history as we have progressed in scientific thought. Described initially in Haraway’s writing, “the god-trick” remerges in many ideas Nietzsche exemplifies this through various metaphors and explanations of biases through perceptions. This idea of the “the god-trick” and its qualities of knowing all, stem from humans and their rigid minds, being able to grasp only at what is tangible in their own minds, consequently shutting out other perspectives. Humans approach scientific discovery with a biased view, through their own one-sided viewpoint, and through no fault of their own make scientific discoveries which come from their own observations. But it isn't at this point where human faults are exemplified, Nietzsche argues, rather when scientific discovery is built upon these so-called “scientific truths.” It is at this point in time where in a moment notice the concept of science could “swell up like a balloon at the slightest puff” because of the very construct of scientific advancement based on falsities (On Truth and Lying in an Extra-Moral Sense, 7). Yet, given the knowledge of how fallible so many human discoveries have the potential to be, we still hold on to the idea of superior credibility which can be challenged by no force in our world, in essence, what Haraway refers to. In her idea of the “the god-trick,” Haraway advocates for a different way we approach observations through a different approach to objectivity. In separating ourselves from the almost seemingly personal obligation of being able to understand anything and everything and accepting the complexities of science we are able to remove the idea of false compromise on scientific truths to make up for our lack of understanding. A fundamental idea that is exemplified in Nietzsche’s writing, is the idea of pride. Pride is a large component of human behavior and many actions are justified. The concept of pride can even be seen as an answer to the implied questions of where the root of the “god-trick” is derived from. From the beginning of time, it can be observed that we humans have had an itch for the idea of conquering. An itch to conquer societies, cultures, land, or even something as simple as higher socioeconomic status. It's quite simply in our blood and has been present for generations of humans. Furthering Haraway’s argument, Nietzsche presents the idea of how being prideful in the depth of our “knowledgeable” we are “blinding fog over the eyes and senses of men'' exemplifying how pride can produce scientific thought that provides answers just for the sake of answering questions that in reality are faulty (On Truth and Lying in an Extra-Moral Sense, 7). As a result of this, a curtain of deception is created in which humans have assisted in the creation of their lies which to them have been converted into truth. Scientific discovery from this point on leads to “truth” being built upon from lies. Turning a blind eye is a large theme within the idea of “the god-trick” and is iterated upon in Nietzsche’s description of the “leaf.” The leaf is a broad example of this created by “disregarding... differences and forgetting distinguishing aspects” (On Truth and Lying in an Extra-Moral Sense, 24). What is described here is that humans cannot label an ""essential quality"" for anything they describe. In essence, it is understood that there are many different types of leaves but we are not able to explain the explicit differences among them and in doing so what arises is a lack of “truth'' with the leaf. The fault lies in the generalization of the leaf and applying this generalization to other contexts is where the fault lies, which is exactly what Haraway addresses in her “god-trick” illusion. The very definition of “the god-trick” includes generalizing our own knowledge to compensate for the holes in our discovery and knowledge. Through years of scientific advancement and gain in understanding our world, the so-called truths that humans have established may have faults resulting from the way the scientific method approaches them. Haraway suggests that our way of utilizing objectivity needs to reworked to be more inclusive and Nietzsche’s writings extend upon this idea and exemplify how these truths may have fault in them as a result of assumptions. These assumptions built on top of each other lead to the lack of understanding that both authors argue.",creative_writing What are the four major tournaments in professional golf?,,"The four major tournaments in professional golf are the Masters, PGA Championship, Open Championship, and U.S. Open.",open_qa Give me some tips for increase my savings,,"To increase the savings, one needs to always strike a mindful balance between wants and needs and more importantly, it also depends on individual circumstances. Here are some things that one can start doing to increase the savings 1. Try to pay off the debt as soon as possible. 2. The principal of ""Pay oneself first"". It doesn't mean spend this money on wishes, but on the contrary, first put the fixed amount in the savings accounts and then try to go by your expenses. 3. Track your expenses. Sometimes we just don't know that we have so many useless subscriptions that are squeezing your hard earned money under your own eyes. 4. Try to cook at home rather than going to the restaurants or ordering food online on frequent basis.",brainstorming What are some common mushrooms used in cooking?,,"Common mushrooms used in cooking include white button, cremini, portobello, shiitake, oyster, porcini, morel, and enoki.",brainstorming Write a brief passage detailing experiences of a family relocating internationally?,,"Relocating your base is a challenge, more so when you relocate across borders and that too with a family. Every aspect of relocation needs to be planned keeping in mind the needs of each family member. Below are some experiences based on different criteria and considerations: 1. City, area, zip: This is the primary decision that is made. It was also a function of the location that the underlying opportunity/job that triggers the relocation. In some cases, families might be returning. However, it is very important for one to research a city, area from multiple aspects before closing in or accepting the relocation. A right balance in terms of cons and pros can be ideal in selecting, since one may not find all requirements fulfilled in a particular location 2. Cost of living/Inflation adjustment: Next is to test your selected area, zip, city with what you are going to earn from your primary business or job. Would you be able to maintain, if not improve your current standard of living. More importantly, with a family it is critical that you are also able to save a monthly sum towards health, education, etc for the future. 3. Schooling: The education system across countries are very different. There are concepts of public, charter schools that exist in some locations, but they may be either not be par with quality you would expect or not exist at all. The education board options also make it complex, which requires one to make a choice based on their own preferences and ideology. The third factor is the variation in teaching methodology, example Montessori. 4. Healthcare: Identify primary health care providers soon, share medical records from the past and have the kids up to date on vaccination. There might be scenarios where one may have to re-vaccinate kids based on schooling requirement. 4. Surrounding ecosystem: Once the initial items are done, identify good places for leisure, fun and family time. Example, sports classes for kids, art classes, theatres, parks, beaches, weekend getaways, etc. These are the places that will give the time to bond after a long transition, plus also enjoy the new location.",creative_writing Where is Ivan Trotski from?,Ivan Trotski is a Belarusian race walker.,Belarus,closed_qa What should I consider when deciding between electric car or gas car?,,"Buying a car can be challenging, especially when trying to find the right balance between the upfront cost of buying/financing a car and the cost of operating that car. Electric cars do cost a premium vs gas-powered equivalent. Things to consider when deciding between both - Electric cars on average cost 50% less on maintenance and repairs. This is due to the fact that it is powered by a battery pack vs a complex gas engine. So fewer points of failure and less maintenance such as oil changes etc. - Look for electric cars that still have rebates and tax incentives that can significantly lower the upfront cost of the car - Identify your annual usage and calculate how much money you will save. you need to consider the cost of electricity in your location and if you have solar installed at home to lower the electric cost further.",open_qa What criteria should I be looking at when buying a new motorcycle?,,"There are a number of criteria you should be looking at: - Price: How does it fit in your budget? - Engine type: Do you want a traditional combustion engine, or go for an electric one? - Number of cylinders: If you go for combustion engine, how many cylinders do you choose? Less cylinders are usually cheaper, make the motorcycle more lightweight and thus easier to maneuver. More cylinders make the engine feel smoother, also have more power, but are heavier and more expensive. - Usage: What do you use it for? Just for fun, commuting to work, general transportation? Travel? Offroad? Racing? - Assistance systems: Modern motorcycles have a range of assistance systems like ABS, Cruise Control, Distance sensors, electronic driving modes for different weather conditions etc. They can make driving safer , but also add weight and make the bike more expensive. Which ones do you need? - Style: There are different styles like naked bike, cruiser, chopper, dual sport, race bike , scrambler etc. Different styles can be more or less adequate depending on your usage, or you can simply pick the one that appeals to you. - Size: The two most important aspects in terms of size are seat height and weight. Both have a huge impact on how well you are in control when not driving, for example when you need to stop at a traffic light or going slowly in stop & go traffic. Seat height is important , so your feet can reach the ground when stopping. However the width of the seat and general width dimensions of the bike also play a role here. So two bikes with same seat height might feel very differently. Best is to try it out",brainstorming Please give me a short bulleted list of the key discoveries from Gallo’s lab.,"After listening to a talk by biologist David Baltimore and further stimulation from his virologist colleague, Robert Ting, concerning the work of the late Howard Martin Temin, Gallo became interested in the study of retroviruses, and made their study the primary activity of his lab. In 1976, Doris Morgan, a first year post-doctoral fellow in Gallo's lab, was asked by Gallo to examine culture fluid of activated lymphocytes for the possible production of growth factors. Soon she was successful in growing T lymphocytes. Gallo, Morgan and Frank Ruscetti, another researcher in Gallo's lab, coauthored a paper in Science describing their method. The Gallo group identified this as T-cell growth factor (TCGF). The name was changed in 1978 to IL-2 (interleukin-2) by the Second International Lymphokine Conference (which was held in Interlaken, Switzerland). Although earlier reports had described soluble molecules with biologic effects, the effects and biochemistry of the factors were not well characterized. One such example was the report by Julius Gordon in 1965, which described blastogenic transformation of lymphocytes in extracellular media. However, cell growth was not demonstrated and the affected cell type was not identified, making the identity of the factor(s) involved unclear and its natural function unknown. The discovery of IL-2 allowed T cells, previously thought to be dead end cells, to be grown significantly in culture for the first time, opening research into many aspects of T cell immunology. Gallo's lab later purified and biochemically characterized IL-2. This breakthrough also allowed researchers to grow T-cells and study the viruses that affect them, such as human T-cell leukemia virus, or HTLV, the first retrovirus identified in humans, which Bernard Poiesz, another post-doctoral fellow in Gallo's lab played a key role in its isolation. HTLV's role in leukemia was clarified when Kiyoshi Takatsuki and other Japanese researchers, puzzling over an outbreak of a rare form of leukemia, later independently found the same retrovirus, and both groups showed HTLV to be the cause. At the same time, a similar HTLV-associated leukemia was identified by the Gallo group in the Caribbean. In 1982, Gallo received the Lasker Award: ""For his pioneering studies that led to the discovery of the first human RNA tumor virus [the old name for retroviruses] and its association with certain leukemias and lymphomas.""","Successfully growing T lymphocytes in culture for the first time Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Human T-cell leukemia virus The first human retrovirus",summarization Based on the following passage summarise how sunsets are viewed from the northern hemisphere across seasons.,"Sunset, also known as sundown, is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation. As viewed from everywhere on Earth (except the North and South poles), the equinox Sun sets due west at the moment of both the spring and autumn equinoxes. As viewed from the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun sets to the northwest (or not at all) in the spring and summer, and to the southwest in the autumn and winter; these seasons are reversed for the Southern Hemisphere. The time of sunset is defined in astronomy as the moment when the upper limb of the Sun disappears below the horizon. Near the horizon, atmospheric refraction causes sunlight rays to be distorted to such an extent that geometrically the solar disk is already about one diameter below the horizon when a sunset is observed. Sunset is distinct from twilight, which is divided into three stages. The first one is civil twilight, which begins once the Sun has disappeared below the horizon, and continues until it descends to 6 degrees below the horizon. The second phase is nautical twilight, between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The third phase is astronomical twilight, which is the period when the Sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon. Dusk is at the very end of astronomical twilight, and is the darkest moment of twilight just before night. Finally, night occurs when the Sun reaches 18 degrees below the horizon and no longer illuminates the sky. Locations further north than the Arctic Circle and further south than the Antarctic Circle experience no full sunset or sunrise on at least one day of the year, when the polar day or the polar night persists continuously for 24 hours.","When viewed from the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun sets to the northwest (or not at all) in the spring and summer, and to the southwest in the autumn and winter; these seasons are reversed for the Southern Hemisphere.",information_extraction Who is Satoshi Nakamoto?,"""Satoshi Nakamoto is the name used by the presumed inventors of Bitcoin. It is probably a pseudonym or nom de plume for the creator. The anonymous programmer, Satoshi Nakamoto allegedly developed bitcoin, authored the bitcoin white paper, and created how it was to be used. As part of the implementation, Nakamoto devised the first blockchain database, this has been confirmed. They were active in developing bitcoin until December 2010. Many people have claimed, or have been claimed, to be Nakamoto. Nakamoto's BTC wallet worth approx. 1 million BTC (48 billion USD) or 5% of all BTC mined to this day, was activated in December 2021 after 10 years. Before this it was last activated 17 May 2010.""",Satoshi Nakamoto is the name used by the presumed inventors of Bitcoin. It is probably a pseudonym or nom de plume for the creator.,closed_qa "What genre of music would best represent the Grateful Dead: Americana, Country, psychedelic rock, blue grass, all of the above",,Depending on when one begins listening to the Grateful Dead; their music pulls from many genres of music. All of the above would be considered the most accurate.,classification What are some weight loss tips?,,"Diet and exercise are two key factors of weight loss. To lose weight, you need to consume fewer calories than you're burning in a day, which is called a calorie deficit. It's generally recommended to eat plenty of fruits and vegetables in order to meet weight loss goals, as these food groups are both filling and low calorie. Additionally, foods high in protein and fiber will help to keep you feeling full and lead to less binging and snacking on high calorie foods. In terms of exercise, ensure that you are staying active each day. Many people find that going for a long walk every day is a manageable way to meet their weight loss goals. Lastly, always ensure to drink plenty of water to encourage calorie burning within your body.",open_qa "Given this reference text about the Grateful Dead, tell me who their keyboard players were over the years.","The Grateful Dead was founded in the San Francisco Bay Area amid the rise of the counterculture of the 1960s. The founding members were Jerry Garcia (lead guitar, vocals), Bob Weir (rhythm guitar, vocals), Ron ""Pigpen"" McKernan (keyboards, harmonica, vocals), Phil Lesh (bass, vocals), and Bill Kreutzmann (drums). Members of the Grateful Dead, originally known as the Warlocks, had played together in various Bay Area ensembles, including the traditional jug band Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions. Lesh was the last member to join the Warlocks before they changed their name to the Grateful Dead; replacing Dana Morgan Jr., who had played bass for a few gigs. Drummer Mickey Hart and non-performing lyricist Robert Hunter joined in 1967. With the exception of McKernan, who died in 1973, and Hart, who took time off from 1971 to 1974, the core of the band stayed together for its entire 30-year history. The other official members of the band are Tom Constanten (keyboards; 1968–1970), John Perry Barlow (non-performing lyricist; 1971–1995), Keith Godchaux (keyboards, occasional vocals; 1971–1979), Donna Godchaux (vocals; 1972–1979), Brent Mydland (keyboards, vocals; 1979–1990), and Vince Welnick (keyboards, vocals; 1990–1995). Bruce Hornsby (accordion, piano, vocals) was a touring member from 1990 to 1992, as well as a guest with the band on occasion before and after the tours.","Ron ""Pigpen"" McKernan was the original keyboard player of the Grateful Dead. Others to play keyboards for the Grateful Dead include Tom Constanten, Keith Godchaux, Brent Mydland and Vince Welnick.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph about Vice-Admiral Alexander Colville, tell me when he died and what battles he fought in.","Vice-Admiral Alexander Colville, 7th Lord Colville of Culross (also spelled Colvill) (28 February 1717 – 21 May 1770), served as the Commodore and Commander in Chief of His Majesty's Ships and Vessels in North America from 1757 to 1762. Colville wrote a well-preserved series of detailed, well-written letters to various other military leaders, his family, the King, and other influential people. These letters have provided more historical information about that time period than many other sources available. His writing was so prolific that many of his letters still surface in antique shops from London, to Halifax to New York City. He is a poorly remembered, but important, contributor to the UK control of the North American seas and the battles of the Seven Years' War of 1756–1763.","Vice-Admiral Alexander Colville fought in the battles of the Seven Years' War of 1756-1763 and died on May 21, 1770.",closed_qa Why Spark is faster than MapReduce?,,"The main difference between Spark and MapReduce is that Spark processes and retains data in memory for subsequent steps, whereas MapReduce processes data on disk.",open_qa "Which is an imperial or a metric measurement: pint, millilitres",,"pint is imperial, millilitres is metric",classification Name two cabinet members mentioned in the following paragraph. Provide these as a bulleted list in order of appearance.,"Washington played an indispensable role in adopting and ratifying the Constitution of the United States, which replaced the Articles of Confederation in 1789 and remains the world's longest-standing written and codified national constitution to this day. He was then twice elected president by the Electoral College unanimously. As the first U.S. president, Washington implemented a strong, well-financed national government while remaining impartial in a fierce rivalry that emerged between cabinet members Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. During the French Revolution, he proclaimed a policy of neutrality while sanctioning the Jay Treaty. He set enduring precedents for the office of president, including use of the title ""Mr. President"" and taking an Oath of Office with his hand on a Bible. His Farewell Address on September 19, 1796, is widely regarded as a preeminent statement on republicanism.","* Thomas Jefferson * Alexander Hamilton",information_extraction Please give short summary of Habiaganj Bazar railway station based on below,"Habiganj Bazar–Shaistaganj–Balla line During the colonial British rule, train services were started by rail at Habiganj Mahukuma in Sylhet district of the then (Undivided British-India) Assam province. In 1928, the British government built the Habiganj Bazar-Shaistaganj-Balla line as railway line and built infrastructure. The railway line was opened by the Assam Bengal Railway by the then British government from Habiganj district headquarters town to Balla border via Shaistaganj junction, about 45 or 52 kilometers long railway line. Of these, the Shaistaganj-Habiganj (15 or 16 km) railway line was inaugurated in 1928 and the Shaistaganj-Balla (30 or 36 km) railway line was inaugurated in 1929. Coal-engined trains used to run between eight stations at Habiganj Bazar, Habiganj Court, Shaistaganj Junction, Shakir Mohammad, Chunarughat, Amuroad, Assampara and Balla bordering Tripura. Of these, Chunarughat, Amur road and Assampara stations were of great importance. Tea produced in 22 tea gardens from those three stations was transported by rail. At that time, this railway was the only means of exporting tea leaves of 13 gardens of Chunarughat upazila of Habiganj at a low cost and importing related items including garden rations. There are a total of 4 stations on the Shaistaganj-Habiganj railway line (excluding Shaistaganj Junction), namely: Habiganj Bazar, Habiganj Court, Dhuliakhal and Paikpara. The Shaistaganj-Balla railway line has a total of 7 stations (excluding Shaistaganj Junction), namely: Barkula, Shakir Muhammed, Sutang Bazar, Chunarughat, Amu Road, Assampara and Balla. After the independence of Bangladesh, the importance of the Balla train increased further. For this reason, the railway authorities built two more stations named Sutang Bazar and Barkula, known as remote areas. At that time, the role of the train in bringing back refugees from India was commendable. At that time, a diesel engine was added to the ballar train. The train used to travel twice a day from Habiganj to the border station Balla. After the end of the refugee transportation phase, the smugglers took over the train in Balla. Later, the train of Balla became a train of smugglers. At first, the passengers protested about this, but later the passengers got the opportunity to travel without a ticket. In such a situation, the running train suffered losses. The railway authorities suspended the renovation work of the railway line.","Habiaganj Bazar railway opened in 1928 in Sylhet district. The Habiaganj railway line operated from Habiganj district headquarters town to the Balla border via Shaistaganj junction. Coal-engined trains used to run between eight stations: Habiganj Bazar, Habiganj Court, Shaistaganj Junction, Shakir Mohammad, Chunarughat, Amuroad, Assampara, and Balla bordering Tripura. At that time, this railway was the only means of exporting tea leaves from the 13 gardens in Chunarughat upazila of Habiganj at a low cost. After the independence of Bangladesh, the importance of the Balla train increased. The train's role at the time was to bring refugees back from India with an added diesel engine. The train used to travel twice a day from Habiganj to the border station at Balla. After the end of the refugee transportation phase, the train of BALAS became the train of smugglers. Initially, passengers protested, but the train suffered losses as they could travel without a ticket. Because of losses, train authorities suspended the renovation work.",summarization What is the depth of focus of a camera?,,"depth of focus is the range of distances that will be in focus in a picture taken by the camera with specific settings. Depending on the settings of the camera, the depth of focus can be very small, ranging in millimeters or centimeters to very large - hundreds of meters. The most important setting that will determine the depth of focus is the aperture used in the lens when the picture is taken. The aperture is how widely open the lens is and how much light is allowed to pass through it. A low f-stop or big aperture will minimize the depth of field, while a high f-stop or small aperture will maximize it. Depth of field is an element that photographers use in composition to blur or sharpen elements of the photograph, thus emphasizing or de-emphasizing certain aspects.",open_qa What is Megan Rapinoe's soccer jersey number?,,15,open_qa "Write a manifesto for the ""Be IRL"" movement. The movement advocates being present to your surroundings and fellow humans, vs being immersed in the virtual world created by our smartphones.",,"New ""technology"" comes with incredible benefits, but also incredible long term harms. Think of plentiful calories (no fear of starvation) vs the obesity epidemic. Now think, constant dopamine vs incredible lack of connection to our environment, no new friends and a loneliness epidemic. We see it all around us like some dystopian movie. Everyone is looking down at their phones, their eyes and ears oblivious to everything around them. Colleges, the very places that should be bursting with energy, laughter, and serendipitous lifelong friendships, have become places full of people with few friends, constantly scrolling in search of the ever decreasing dopamine hit from a like or just something ""new"".",creative_writing "Given this paragraph about the city of Madrid, what are the main landmarks of the city?","While Madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets. Its landmarks include the Plaza Mayor, the Royal Palace of Madrid; the Royal Theatre with its restored 1850 Opera House; the Buen Retiro Park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century National Library building (founded in 1712) containing some of Spain's historical archives; many national museums, and the Golden Triangle of Art, located along the Paseo del Prado and comprising three art museums: Prado Museum, the Reina Sofía Museum, a museum of modern art, and the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums. Cibeles Palace and Fountain has become one of the monument symbols of the city.","The main landmarks of Madrid include the Plaza Mayor, the Royal Palace, the Royal Theatre or the Retiro Park. Madrid also has many national museums, such as the Prado Museum, the Reina Sofia Museum or the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum.",closed_qa How many times have the Vancouver Canucks won the Stanley cup?,,"The Vancouver Canucks have won the Stanley cup 0 times. They have appeared in the finals and lost 3 times in 1982, 1994, and 2011.",open_qa "Based on this paragraph, please summarize Cormac McCarthy's use of punctuation.","McCarthy uses punctuation sparsely, even replacing most commas with ""and"" to create polysyndetons; it has been called ""the most important word in McCarthy's lexicon"". He told Oprah Winfrey that he prefers ""simple declarative sentences"" and that he uses capital letters, periods, an occasional comma, or a colon for setting off a list, but never semicolons, which he has labelled as ""idiocy"". He does not use quotation marks for dialogue and believes there is no reason to ""blot the page up with weird little marks"". Erik Hage notes that McCarthy's dialogue often lacks attribution, but that ""Somehow ... the reader remains oriented as to who is speaking."" His attitude to punctuation dates to some editing work he did for a professor of English while enrolled at the University of Tennessee, when he stripped out much of the punctuation in the book being edited, which pleased the professor. McCarthy edited fellow Santa Fe Institute Fellow W. Brian Arthur's influential article ""Increasing Returns and the New World of Business"", published in the Harvard Business Review in 1996, removing commas from the text. He has also done copy-editing work for physicists Lawrence M. Krauss and Lisa Randall.","Cormac McCarthy is known for his preference to avoid punctuation in situations when it is commonly used. Two typical examples of replacing commas with the word ""and"" and avoiding quotation marks when characters in his novels are speaking.",closed_qa What is the difference between a violin and a viola?,,"The viola is a string instrument that is bowed, plucked, or played with varying techniques. It is slightly larger than a violin and it has a lower and deeper sound.",open_qa Write a brief paragraph about the evolution of Egyptian pyramids.,,"Egyptian pyramids are fascinating ancient buildings edified more than 2500 years before the Common Era. According to Egyptologists, these megalithic structures served as tombs for the biggest pharaohs that successively ruled the region in that Era. The biggest ones, present until now in Giza, are built with astonishing precision using the rudimental tools and materials that were available at that time. For example, Khufu pyramid, culminating at 481 feet, is an architectural masterpiece. The size, orientation and precision of this pyramid are keeping the best current architects agape. However, the journey was not straightforward for ancient Egyptians. Building such megalithic structures remains very hard to even nowadays. Before achieving the precision of the pyramids on Giza plateau, some inconsistencies and simpler trials are still present in Egypt showing the progressive improvement in their construction know-how through time. The first historically documented pyramid in Egypt is attributed to Djozer pharaoh in the third dynastic period. It is a stepped structure with superposed squares without big attention to the external design and polishment that we find later in the more recent pyramids. Egyptologists proved the existence of many other attempts to build similar structures in the same dynasty. However, the first complete pyramid structures appeared only in the 4th dynasty, giving successively the rise of the great pyramids of Meidum, Dahshur, and Giza",creative_writing Write the first paragraph of a blog post describing the appeal of Cape Cod as a vacation destination.,,"Welcome to Cape Cod! A short 1 hour drive from Boston's Logan airport. As soon as you cross one of the 2 bridges to Cape Cod an immediate sense of calm and relaxation will wash over your body. You'll find yourself surrounded by the perfect combination of coastal charm and modern food, beverage and accommodation. The biggest decision of the week will be staying near golf, beach or one of the swanky islands just off Cape . You can have it all - the best of both worlds! Dining is easy and plentiful with causal options ranging from burgers, pizza and salads or go upscale with oysters & fresh seafood. A trip to the cape is not complete with out trying one of New England's crown jewels, the Maine Lobster served boiled or in a classic lobster roll. So kick your feet up, relax and enjoy all that the Cape has to offer!",creative_writing Which martial art or arts did Brazilian jiu-jitsu derive from?,"Brazilian jiu-jitsu was initially developed in 1925 by Brazilian brothers Carlos, Oswaldo, Gastão Jr., George, and Hélio Gracie, after Carlos was taught jiu-jitsu by a travelling Japanese judoka, Mitsuyo Maeda, who himself mastered his ground fighting while interacting with Taro Miyake (Tanabe student), Sadakazu Uyenishi (Handa, Tanabe) and Yukio Tani (Tenjin Shinyo-ryu) and catch wrestlers in Europe. Later on, the Gracie family developed their own self-defense system, and published Gracie Jiu-Jitsu.",Brazilian jiu-jitsu was derived from judo and catch wrestling.,closed_qa Recommend me a SCI FI fiction book,,The Three body could be a good beginning,open_qa How can I get people to like me?,,"It's important to remember that not everyone will like you in this world, no matter how great you are. So don't be discouraged if you find someone doesn't like you as much as you think they should. Here are some tips for getting people to like you: - Ask them questions about themselves: People enjoy talking about themselves and if you ask them thoughtful questions they will see that you are a caring person who pays attention to them. - Read social cues: It's important to be able to understand when someone is not interested in what you are talking about. If you find someone you're talking to is looking around the room and giving you short responses, you should try and steer the conversation in a different direction to see if you can engage them. - Have a sense of humor: Laughing with other people is a great way to create bonds. You can try to be a little self-deprecating or just make innocent jokes about your situation. But be careful to not alienate people with humor if you don't know them well. Jokes about religion, politics, and other people might not go over well with some people.",brainstorming Extract the dollar values from this page:,"Following a 2018 complaint alleging violations of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), the company was fined $170 million by the FTC for collecting personal information from minors under the age of 13. YouTube was also ordered to create systems to increase children's privacy. Following criticisms of its implementation of those systems, YouTube started treating all videos designated as ""made for kids"" as liable under COPPA on January 6, 2020. Joining the YouTube Kids app, the company created a supervised mode, designed more for tweens, in 2021. Additionally, to compete with TikTok, YouTube released YouTube Shorts, a short-form video platform. During this period, YouTube entered disputes with other tech companies. For over a year, in 2018 and 2019, no YouTube app was available for Amazon Fire products. In 2020, Roku removed the YouTube TV app from its streaming store after the two companies were unable to reach an agreement. After testing earlier in 2021, YouTube removed public display of dislike counts on videos in November 2021, claiming the reason for the removal was, based on its internal research, that users often used the dislike feature as a form of cyberbullying and brigading. While some users praised the move as a way to discourage trolls, others felt that hiding dislikes would make it harder for viewers to recognize clickbait or unhelpful videos and that other features already existed for creators to limit bullying. YouTube co-founder Jawed Karim referred to the update as ""a stupid idea"", and that the real reason behind the change was ""not a good one, and not one that will be publicly disclosed."" He felt that users' ability on a social platform to identify harmful content was essential, saying, ""The process works, and there's a name for it: the wisdom of the crowds. The process breaks when the platform interferes with it. Then, the platform invariably declines."" Shortly after the announcement, software developer Dmitry Selivanov created Return YouTube Dislike, an open-source, third-party browser extension for Chrome and Firefox that allows users to see a video's number of dislikes. In a letter published on January 25, 2022 by then YouTube CEO Susan Wojcicki, acknowledged that removing public dislike counts was a controversial decision, but reiterated that she stands by this decision, claiming that ""it reduced dislike attacks."" In 2022, YouTube launched an experiment where the company would show users who watched longer videos on TVs a long chain of short unskippable adverts, intending to consolidate all ads into the beginning of a video. Following public outrage over the unprecedented amount of unskippable ads, YouTube ""ended"" the experiment on September 19 of that year. In October, YouTube announced that they would be rolling out customizable user handles (e.g. @MrBeast6000) in addition to channel names, which would also become channel URLs. On February 16, 2023, Wojcicki announced that she would step down as CEO, with Neal Mohan named as her successor. Wojcicki will take on an advisory role for Google and parent company Alphabet.",$170 million: COPPA fine by the FTC for collecting personal information from minors under the age of 13,information_extraction "Based on the passage below, summarize Beethoven's contributions to western music.","Beethoven expanded the formal and emotional scope – not to mention length – of nearly every genre in which he wrote. While he is most famous for his heightening of the symphonic form, Beethoven also had a dramatic influence on the piano sonata, violin sonata, string quartet and piano concerto, among several others. Only in the realm of vocal composition – opera and the mass – was his effect on later generations muted. Beethoven's stylistic innovations bridge the Classical and Romantic periods. The works of his early period brought the Classical form to its highest expressive level, expanding in formal, structural, and harmonic terms the musical idiom developed by predecessors such as Mozart and Haydn. The works of his middle period were more forward-looking, contributing to the musical language and thinking of the Romantic era, inspiring composers such as Franz Schubert, Felix Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Richard Wagner, and Johannes Brahms. His late period works were characterized by formal, harmonic, and structural experimentation at the highest level, often pointing toward contrapuntal tendencies and microscopic textures, as well as an increasingly introverted compositional outlook. Though rightly credited as a major harbinger of the Romantic era in music that followed, Beethoven never abandoned the fundamental formal paradigms and generally objective artistic philosophy characterizing musical Classicism to the same extent that later composers such as Berlioz or even Schubert did.","- Heightened the symphonic form and had a dramatic influence on the piano sonata, violin sonata, string quartet, piano concertos and other genres - Contributed to the musical language and thinking of the romantic era - Formal, harmonic and structural experimentation in his later works",summarization What are the interests behind climate change denial?,,"Financial interest from industries opposed to the regulation of CO2 emissions. Migrating to low carbon technologies would require massive investments, making executives concerned about impacts on companies gross margin.",open_qa Give me a list of the five best ways to take care of your houseplants.,,"1. Get on a watering schedule so you can make sure you are not over-watering or under-watering the plants. 2. Choose plants that will do well in the lighting conditions that you have available in your home. Place plants that like bright, direct light in front of windows, and choose plants that require less light for the darker areas of your home. 3. Consider getting a humidifier if you are going to decorate your home with tropical plants. Certain tropical plants tend like to a more humid environment. 4. If you don't have sufficiently bright natural light, consider getting grow lights to help your plants thrive. 5. Periodically fertilize your plants to make sure they have all of the nutrients that they need to continue growing.",brainstorming "Given the reference text about Tottenham Hotspur, what was the name of the stadium that the new stadium replaced?","Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, commonly referred to as Tottenham (/ˈtɒtənəm/) or Spurs, is a professional football club based in Tottenham, London, England. It competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The team has played its home matches in the 62,850-capacity Tottenham Hotspur Stadium since April 2019, replacing their former home of White Hart Lane, which had been demolished to make way for the new stadium on the same site. Founded in 1882, Tottenham's emblem is a cockerel standing upon a football, with the Latin motto Audere est Facere (""to dare is to do""). The club has traditionally worn white shirts and navy blue shorts as their home kit since the 1898–99 season. Their training ground is on Hotspur Way in Bulls Cross, Enfield. After its inception, Tottenham won the FA Cup for the first time in 1901, the only non-League club to do so since the formation of the Football League in 1888. Tottenham were the first club in the 20th century to achieve the League and FA Cup Double, winning both competitions in the 1960–61 season. After successfully defending the FA Cup in 1962, in 1963 they became the first British club to win a UEFA club competition – the European Cup Winners' Cup. They were also the inaugural winners of the UEFA Cup in 1972, becoming the first British club to win two different major European trophies. They collected at least one major trophy in each of the six decades from the 1950s to 2000s, an achievement only matched by Manchester United.",The name of the stadium that was replaced by the new stadium is White Hart Lane.,closed_qa What is SVM?,"In machine learning, support vector machines (SVMs, also support vector networks) are supervised learning models with associated learning algorithms that analyze data for classification and regression analysis. Developed at AT&T Bell Laboratories by Vladimir Vapnik with colleagues (Boser et al., 1992, Guyon et al., 1993, Cortes and Vapnik, 1995, Vapnik et al., 1997[citation needed]) SVMs are one of the most robust prediction methods, being based on statistical learning frameworks or VC theory proposed by Vapnik (1982, 1995) and Chervonenkis (1974). Given a set of training examples, each marked as belonging to one of two categories, an SVM training algorithm builds a model that assigns new examples to one category or the other, making it a non-probabilistic binary linear classifier (although methods such as Platt scaling exist to use SVM in a probabilistic classification setting). SVM maps training examples to points in space so as to maximise the width of the gap between the two categories. New examples are then mapped into that same space and predicted to belong to a category based on which side of the gap they fall. In addition to performing linear classification, SVMs can efficiently perform a non-linear classification using what is called the kernel trick, implicitly mapping their inputs into high-dimensional feature spaces. The support vector clustering algorithm, created by Hava Siegelmann and Vladimir Vapnik, applies the statistics of support vectors, developed in the support vector machines algorithm, to categorize unlabeled data.[citation needed] These data sets require unsupervised learning approaches, which attempt to find natural clustering of the data to groups and, then, to map new data according to these clusters.","SVM stands for """"support vector machine"". It is a machine learning model for supervised learning tasks. It was popular in the 1990s and early 2000s, before deep learning take off. The classic use case is binary classification, but its extension can also do multi-label classification as we as regression. Kernel methods greatly enhanced SVM's capability to perform non-linear machine learning tasks.",closed_qa Which was the 5th largest recipient of FDI in world in 2020,,India,open_qa What did Bobby Moore die from?,"Moore's first cancer was in 1964, two years before England's first World Cup win — a diagnosis of testicular cancer, treated by orchidectomy of one; it had not spread. In April 1991, Moore underwent an operation for suspected colorectal cancer. At the time it was reported as an ""emergency stomach operation"". On 14 February 1993, he announced he was suffering from colorectal cancer and liver cancer; by this time it had spread. Three days later he commentated on an England match against San Marino at Wembley, alongside his friend Jonathan Pearce. Moore attended a dinner after the match and made a presentation. That was to be his final public act; seven days later on 24 February, at 6:36 am, he died at the age of 51.",Booby Moore died aged 51 from colorectal and liver cancer.,closed_qa "Given the paragraph, what is the term budgie smuggler colloquially use to describe?","A swim brief or racing brief is any briefs-style male swimsuit such as those worn in competitive swimming, diving and water polo. The popularity of the Australian Speedo brand racing brief has led to the use of its name in many countries around the world to refer to any racing brief, regardless of the maker. Occasionally, the speedo genericized trademark is applied to square cut swimsuits,[citation needed] but in general the generic term is used in reference to swimming briefs. Swim briefs are also referred to as competition briefs, swimming trunks, bathers, togs, racer bathers, posing briefs, racing briefs, and colloquially in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom as ""budgie smugglers"". Like underwear briefs, swim briefs feature a triangular shaped front and a solid back providing form-fitting coverage. They typically are worn below the lower waist. They are generally secured by thin banding at the upper thighs, and a drawstring around the waist and/or an elastic waistband. Swim briefs are often made of a nylon and spandex (Lycra) composite, while some longer-lasting suits are made from polyester and still others from other materials. Most swim briefs have a beige or white front lining made of a similar fabric.","In Australia, New Zealand and United Kingdom a ""budgie smuggler"" is used to describe a swimming brief",closed_qa What type of weather is San Francisco famous for?,,San Francisco is a famously foggy city,open_qa What are the debt securities?,,"Debt securities are financial assets that define the terms of a loan between an issuer (the borrower) and an investor (the lender). The terms of a debt security typically include the principal amount to be returned upon maturity of the loan, interest rate payments, and the maturity date or renewal date.",open_qa "Write an friendly, convincing e-mail to my landlord asking whether I can get a dog",,"Hello landlord, Due to the COVID pandemic, my mental health has taken a big hit where I feel like I am now struggling with depression and anxiety. After speaking with my therapist, they recommended that getting a support animal would help alleviate both symptoms. I know that there is a no pet policy here, but I was wondering if you can make an exception? Please let me know what I can do to help accommodate. Thank you! - Jonathan",creative_writing Give me the most popular characters in DC Comics from this paragraph without summarizing.,"DC Comics is one of the largest and oldest American comic book companies, with their first comic under the DC banner being published in 1937. The majority of its publications take place within the fictional DC Universe and feature numerous culturally iconic heroic characters, such as Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Aquaman, Green Lantern, and Cyborg; as well as famous fictional teams including the Justice League, the Justice Society of America, the Justice League Dark, the Doom Patrol, and the Teen Titans. The universe also features an assortment of well-known supervillains such as Lex Luthor, the Joker, the Cheetah, the Reverse-Flash, Black Manta, Sinestro, and Darkseid. The company has published non-DC Universe-related material, including Watchmen, V for Vendetta, Fables and many titles under their alternative imprint Vertigo and now DC Black Label.","Some of the most popular characters in DC Comics include Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, the Flash, Aquaman, and Green Lantern. These characters are often portrayed by themselves as well as affiliated in superhero teams, such as the Justice League and the Teen Titans.",summarization Write a stern email to your dog asking him not to chew on the couch leg anymore.,,"Dear Mr. Cody, I was hoping this issue would be taken care of by now, but it seems you still haven't learned your lesson. You can imagine how disappointed I was to come home yesterday and see new bite marks on the couch legs. If this was the first time maybe I wouldn't need to write this email, but this has been an ongoing problem ever since we brought home the new couch. I feel like I can't trust you anymore, which is a terrible feeling for me. Consider this your final warning before more drastic action is taken (e.g. kenneling, the cone). I have taken pictures of every angle of the couch legs and I'll be able to tell if you even put one tooth into that wood. On the other hand, if you show me that I can trust you, I might be able to pick up some more Beggin' Strips next time at the store. I appreciate your cooperation and I hope we can get past this. Regards, Your Owner",creative_writing "What is ""Sex and the City""?","Sex and the City is an American romantic comedy-drama television series created by Darren Star for HBO. An adaptation of Candace Bushnell's newspaper column and 1996 book anthology of the same name, the series premiered in the United States on June 6, 1998, and concluded on February 22, 2004, with 94 episodes broadcast over six seasons. Throughout its development, the series received contributions from various producers, screenwriters, and directors, principally Michael Patrick King.","Sex and the City is an American romantic comedy-drama television series created by Darren Star for HBO. An adaptation of Candace Bushnell's newspaper column and 1996 book anthology of the same name, the series premiered in the United States on June 6, 1998, and concluded on February 22, 2004, with 94 episodes broadcast over six seasons. Throughout its development, the series received contributions from various producers, screenwriters, and directors, principally Michael Patrick King. Sex and the City has received both acclaim and criticism for its subjects and characters, and is credited with helping to increase HBO's popularity as a network. The series has won several accolades, including seven of its 54 Emmy Award nominations, eight of its 24 Golden Globe Award nominations, and three of its 11 Screen Actors Guild Award nominations. The series placed fifth on Entertainment Weekly's ""New TV Classics"" list, and has been listed as one of the best television series of all time by Time in 2007 and TV Guide in 2013. The series still airs in syndication worldwide. It spawned two feature films, Sex and the City (2008) and Sex and the City 2 (2010), and a prequel television series commissioned by The CW, The Carrie Diaries (2013–14). A sequel series titled And Just Like That... premiered on HBO Max on December 9, 2021. The series features Parker, Davis and Nixon reprising their roles, with Cattrall choosing not to return partly due to her long-standing and ongoing feud with Parker.",information_extraction What is glass made of,,"Glass has become so commonplace today that it’s easy to see right through it without a second thought. It’s in our windows, on our screens, in our cabinets, and in many of the devices we interact with every day. Even though glass can be found everywhere, you may live your whole life not knowing much about how it’s made or what it’s composed of. Even if you think you know the basics, you’ve only skimmed the surface. At a high level, glass is sand that’s been melted down and chemically transformed. If you’ve ever been to the beach, you know exactly how hot sand can get while remaining in its solid form. The kind of heat necessary to transform sand into a liquid state (eventually becoming glass) is much hotter than any sunny day. To make sand melt, you need to heat it to roughly 1700°C (3090°F), which is approximately the same temperature a space shuttle reaches as it re-enters earth’s atmosphere. The sand commonly used to make glass is comprised of small grains of quartz crystals, made up of molecules of silicon dioxide, which is also known as silica. When those molecules are heated to high enough temperatures, the sand melts and loses its crystalline structure, and as it cools it gains an entirely different structure. That structure, on a molecular level, is somewhere in between a liquid and a solid. This in-between state is known as an amorphous solid, which means it has some of the crystalline structure of a solid coupled with the molecular randomness of a liquid. Glass Melting Depending on the sand mixture, glass can have a variety of properties. Certain elements or chemicals mixed with sand can change glass’s color, for example. Glass’s properties can also change based on how it’s manufactured and the processes by which it’s shaped afterward. To strengthen glass, manufacturers can use thermal tempering to heat and cool it rapidly. Glass can also be strengthened chemically through an ion exchange process that makes the surface of the glass tougher. The glass most people are familiar with is soda-lime glass, which is a combination of soda (also known as soda ash or washing soda), limestone, and sand. Although you can make glass simply by heating and then rapidly cooling silica, the manufacturing of soda-lime glass is a little more complex. By adding soda (sodium carbonate), the melting point of the sand is reduced so it can be transformed into glass at lower temperatures and save energy during manufacturing. However, adding soda to the mixture reduces its chemical durability, making it prone to dissolve when in contact with liquids. For most applications, that’s not desirable, so limestone (calcium carbonate) is also added to the mixture, which acts as a stabilizer. Once the mixture of silica, soda, and limestone is heated, it can be cooled and molded for a variety of applications. At Corning, we know glass. We know how to strengthen it through chemical processes like ion exchange, and we know how to bend it to make optical fiber that can stretch over vast distances. Our knowledge of glass goes back more than a century, allowing us to remain on the cutting edge of research and development. From simple soda-lime to complex glass structures that enable augmented reality, glass is an adaptable, wide-ranging material. That’s why, after more than 165 years, we’re still making new discoveries.",open_qa "Which ones are metals and non metals: Copper, Hydrogen, Silver, Carbon, Gold, Nitrogen",,"Metals: Copper, Silver, Gold Non Metals: Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen",classification What is a yellow or red card in soccer?,"A foul occurs when a player commits an offence listed in the Laws of the Game while the ball is in play. The offences that constitute a foul are listed in Law 12. Handling the ball deliberately, tripping an opponent, or pushing an opponent, are examples of ""penal fouls"", punishable by a direct free kick or penalty kick depending on where the offence occurred. Other fouls are punishable by an indirect free kick. The referee may punish a player's or substitute's misconduct by a caution (yellow card) or dismissal (red card). A second yellow card in the same game leads to a red card, which results in a dismissal. A player given a yellow card is said to have been ""booked"", the referee writing the player's name in their official notebook. If a player has been dismissed, no substitute can be brought on in their place and the player may not participate in further play. Misconduct may occur at any time, and while the offences that constitute misconduct are listed, the definitions are broad. In particular, the offence of ""unsporting behaviour"" may be used to deal with most events that violate the spirit of the game, even if they are not listed as specific offences. A referee can show a yellow or red card to a player, substitute, substituted player, and to non-players such as managers and support staff. Rather than stopping play, the referee may allow play to continue if doing so will benefit the team against which an offence has been committed. This is known as ""playing an advantage"". The referee may ""call back"" play and penalise the original offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue within ""a few seconds"". Even if an offence is not penalised due to advantage being played, the offender may still be sanctioned for misconduct at the next stoppage of play. The referee's decision in all on-pitch matters is considered final. The score of a match cannot be altered after the game, even if later evidence shows that decisions (including awards/non-awards of goals) were incorrect.","In the game of soccer, whenever a player commits a foul, the referee can give a player a yellow card or a red card. A yellow card is a caution/warning. A red card is a dismissal and the player has to leave the field.",summarization How does water freeze?,,"Freezing happens when the molecules of a liquid get so cold that they slow down enough to hook onto each other, forming a solid crystal. For pure water, this happens at 32 degrees Fahrenheit.",open_qa "From this paragraph, tell me how many people lived in Harappa.","The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Together with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the Near East and South Asia, and of the three, the most widespread. Its sites spanned an area from much of Pakistan, to northeast Afghanistan, and northwestern India. The civilisation flourished both in the alluvial plain of the Indus River, which flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial monsoon-fed rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the Ghaggar-Hakra, a seasonal river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan. The term Harappan is sometimes applied to the Indus civilisation after its type site Harappa, the first to be excavated early in the 20th century in what was then the Punjab province of British India and is now Punjab, Pakistan. The discovery of Harappa and soon afterwards Mohenjo-daro was the culmination of work that had begun after the founding of the Archaeological Survey of India in the British Raj in 1861. There were earlier and later cultures called Early Harappan and Late Harappan in the same area. The early Harappan cultures were populated from Neolithic cultures, the earliest and best-known of which is Mehrgarh, in Balochistan, Pakistan. Harappan civilisation is sometimes called Mature Harappan to distinguish it from the earlier cultures. The cities of the ancient Indus were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large non-residential buildings, and techniques of handicraft and metallurgy. Mohenjo-daro and Harappa very likely grew to contain between 30,000 and 60,000 individuals, and the civilisation may have contained between one and five million individuals during its florescence. A gradual drying of the region during the 3rd millennium BCE may have been the initial stimulus for its urbanisation. Eventually it also reduced the water supply enough to cause the civilisation's demise and to disperse its population to the east. Although over a thousand Mature Harappan sites have been reported and nearly a hundred excavated, there are five major urban centres: Mohenjo-daro in the lower Indus Valley (declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980 as ""Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro""), Harappa in the western Punjab region, Ganeriwala in the Cholistan Desert, Dholavira in western Gujarat (declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021 as ""Dholavira: A Harappan City""), and Rakhigarhi in Haryana. The Harappan language is not directly attested, and its affiliation uncertain as the Indus script has remained undeciphered. A relationship with the Dravidian or Elamo-Dravidian language family is favoured by a section of scholars.","Mohenjo-daro and Harappa together had a peak population of between 30,000 and 60,000 people",information_extraction What is the origin of the western numeral system?,,"The western numeral system that we use today, and that is represented by the numbers 0 through 10, is also called European digits, Arabic numerals, or Hindu-Arabic numerals. The reason that it is linked to the Middle East is that in the 10th century, Arabic speakers introduced the system into Europe. However these numbers can be further traced back to their Indian origins.",open_qa Give step by step instructions on how to make a Long Island Ice Tea.,,"Ingredients: 3/4 oz vodka 3/4 oz rum 3/4 oz gin 3/4 oz tequila 3/4 oz triple sec 3/4 oz simple syrup 3/4 oz lemon juice Cola to fill Lemon wedge to garnish Steps: 1. Add the vodka, rum, gin, tequila, triple sec, simple syrup and lemon juice to a glass filled with ice. 2. Fill the glass with cola and stir. 3. Garnish with the lemon wedge and serve.",creative_writing What is positive cash flow?,,Positive cash flow is when a business has more money coming in than going out. It is a measure of profitability and can be calculated by subtracting expenses from revenues.,open_qa What are some string instruments I could learn so that I can play in a group?,,"You could learn cello, violin, guitar, bass guitar, or ukalele.",brainstorming What are some types of potatoes commonly grown in Ireland?,,"Potato varieties can change in popularity over time. Most recently, the Irish Potato Federation has listed the following types as most popular: Rooster, Kerr's Pink, Golden Wonder, Salad & Baby Potatoes, and Maris Piper.",brainstorming How tall is Mt. Shakspere?,"Mount Shakspere is a 12,174-foot-elevation (3,711 meter) summit located in Fresno County, California, United States. Description The mountain is set four miles west of the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in the Palisades area of Kings Canyon National Park. It is situated 4.5 miles (7.2 km) southwest of Middle Palisade, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) southeast of Giraud Peak, and one mile north-northwest of line parent Observation Peak. Mt. Shakspere ranks as the 384th-highest summit in California, and topographic relief is significant as the summit rises over 3,500 feet (1,100 meters) above Palisade Creek in approximately one mile (1.6 km). The first ascent of the summit was made July 20, 1930, by Francis P. Farquhar, Mary Lou Michaels, Doris Drust, Lorna Kilgariff, and Robert L. Lipman. This mountain's name has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names.","Mt. Shakespere is 12,174 feet (3,711 meters) tall.",closed_qa For what was Luigi Giura reknowned known.,"Giura was the Inspector of the Corps of Bridges and Roads of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Giura is most famous for the design and construction of the second suspension bridge in Europe, the first in continental Europe, in 1832.","Luigi Giura was an an Italian engineer and architected who lived from 1795 to 1865 and was famous for the design and construction of the second suspension bridge in Europe, which was the first suspension bridge within continental Europe. Giura was born in Masschito, a small town within the Vulture-Melfi geographical region within the Basilicata administrative region in Southern Italy. He later was an inaugural student of the School of Bridges and Roads. After his graduation in 1814, he was admitted to the Corps of Bridges and Roads. During his time with the Corps of Bridges and Roads, he was able to undertake a series of study tours in Britain and France within which he became familiarized with their new perspectives and industrial developments. The Corps of Bridges and Roads completed many projects while Giura was engaged, including channels for the flow of water in critical mountain areas. However, Luigi Guira is most famous for his suspension bridge designs including the Bridge Real Ferdinando sul Garigliano--the first suspension bridge in continental Europe-- and the Maria Cristina Bridge on the River Calore. He later returned as the director of the School of Bridges and Roads in 1860 and was sought as a public advisor to regional governments within Italy.",information_extraction "When going on a backcountry hike, which of the following are among the 10 essentials for a safe hike: a navigation device (such as a map or compass), a headlamp with extra batteries, a fire starter (such as matches or a lighter), extra food, extra water, a camera.",,"A navigation device (such as a map or compass), a headlamp with extra batteries, a firestarter (such as matches or a lighter, extra food, and extra water are among the 10 essentials for a safe hike. While a camera may add to your enjoyment of the hike, it is not essential.",classification Give a bulleted list of the main characteristic of metals listed in the passage,"Metals are typically malleable and ductile, deforming under stress without cleaving.The nondirectional nature of metallic bonding is thought to contribute significantly to the ductility of most metallic solids. In contrast, in an ionic compound like table salt, when the planes of an ionic bond slide past one another, the resultant change in location shifts ions of the same charge closer, resulting in the cleavage of the crystal. Such a shift is not observed in a covalently bonded crystal, such as a diamond, where fracture and crystal fragmentation occurs. Reversible elastic deformation in metals can be described by Hooke's Law for restoring forces, where the stress is linearly proportional to the strain.","- Malleable - Ductile - Deforming under stress without cleaving",summarization What is a Balance sheet?,,"A balance sheet is a summary of an organisation's financial position. It lists the values, in the books of account on a particular date, of all the organisation's assets and liabilities. The assets and liabilities are grouped in categories, to paint a picture of the organisation's strengths and weaknesses.",open_qa Let me know some different ways that someone can plan a trip,,"Here are some different ways you can plan a trip: - Research on forums such as TripAdvisor and discover how other people are planning trips - Talk to a travel agent in person - Look at organised package tours - Use a traveller aggregator website to explore travel routes - Go to a travel show and talk to different companies offering travel experiences",brainstorming "According to this paragraph about UVA, what is the PAC room?","The student life building is called Newcomb Hall. It is home to the Student Activities Center (SAC) and the Media Activities Center (MAC), where student groups can get leadership consulting and use computing and copying resources, as well as several meeting rooms for student groups. Student Council, the student self-governing body, holds meetings Tuesdays at 6:30 p.m. in the Newcomb South Meeting Room. Student Council, or ""StudCo"", also holds office hours and regular committee meetings in the newly renovated Newcomb Programs and Council (PAC) Room. The PAC also houses the University Programs Council and Class Councils. Newcomb basement is home to both the office of the independent student newspaper The Declaration, The Cavalier Daily, and the Consortium of University Publications.","The PAC room is the Newcomb Programs and Council Room, that also houses the University Programs Council and Class Councils.",closed_qa Monitor and Merrimac refer to what in the passage?,"Merrimac Butte is a 5,627-foot (1,715-metre) sandstone summit located in Grand County, Utah, United States, about 12 miles northwest of the town of Moab. Merrimac Butte is a thin, 200–600-foot-wide and 1,600-foot-long east-to-west butte with 200-foot-tall vertical Entrada Sandstone walls overlaying a Carmel Formation base. Monitor Butte is situated immediately east of Merrimac Butte. The two buttes were named after the Monitor and Merrimack, two ironclad steamships known for clashing during the American Civil War. They can be seen from Highway 313 after it climbs out of Sevenmile Canyon en route to the Island in the Sky section of Canyonlands National Park or Dead Horse Point State Park.","Monitor and Merrimac are two buttes which sit next to one another in Utah, U.S. These names are taken from two ironclad streamships of the American Civil War.",summarization Is it true that apples are vegetables?,,"No, that's false. Apples are a type of fruit.",open_qa Which NBA franchises have the most championships?,,"The Los Angeles Lakers and Boston Celtics each have 17 NBA championships, the most of any team.",open_qa What is the typical lifespan of a dog?,"The typical lifespan of dogs varies widely among breeds, but for most, the median longevity (the age at which half the dogs in a population have died and half are still alive) ranges from 10 to 13 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. For dogs in England, increased body weight has been found to be negatively correlated with longevity (i.e., the heavier the dog, the shorter its lifespan), and mixed-breed dogs live on average 1.2 years longer than purebred dogs.",The median lifespan of most dogs is between 10 and 13 years. It varies depending on the breed of the dog.,information_extraction What do colleges consider as part of their admissions process?,,"Colleges consider the following when considering whether to accept or reject an applicant: 1. GPA 2. Test scores (e.g., SAT, ACT) 3. Extracurricular activities 4. Application essay",open_qa What is the main cause of snow?,,"Snow forms when tiny ice crystals in clouds stick together to become snowflakes. If enough crystals stick together, they'll become heavy enough to fall to the ground. Snowflakes that descend through moist air that is slightly warmer than 0 °C will melt around the edges and stick together to produce big flakes.",open_qa "Name someone who helped to stash national treasures during a war, so irreplaceable items would not fall into the hands of the enemy or become lost","Evdokia Reshetnik was a Ukrainian zoologist and ecologist. She was a specialist in the mole-rats and ground squirrels of Ukraine, and was the first scientist to describe the sandy blind mole-rat of southern Ukraine in 1939. She played a key role in keeping the National Museum of Natural History at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine operable in the inter-war and immediate post-war periods, in spite of arrests by both the Gestapo and Soviet authorities. She was one of the people involved in hiding specimens of the museum to prevent them being taken by the Germans. She is known for arguing that ecology, species distribution, populations, utility, and variability, should be weighed before making determinations that labeled certain animals as pests and harmful to the environment. Though she was responsible for maintaining the historiography of scientific development in Ukraine, her own legacy was lost until the twenty-first century.","Evdokia Reshetnik, a Ukranian zoologist and ecologist, helped squirrel away natural history artifacts from a Ukranian museum of Natural History, keeping them from falling into the hands of the Germans. Ironically, the story of her courage was nearly lost, only resurfacing in the twenty-first century.",closed_qa What is flying trapeze?,"Flying trapeze refers to a trapeze act where a performer, or ""flyer,"" grabs the trapeze bar and jumps off a high platform, or pedestal board, so that gravity creates the swing. The swing's parts are the ""force out"" (sometimes called the ""cast out"") at the far end of the first swing, the beat back and the rise (also known as ""seven"") as the performer swings back above the pedestal board, and then the trick is thrown at the far end of the second swing. The performer often releases the bar and is caught by another performer, the ""catcher,"" who hangs by their knees on another trapeze, or sometimes on a cradle, which can be either stationary or also swinging. People of any size are able to execute basic trapeze maneuvers. Flying trapeze is generally done over a net, or occasionally over water. However, some smaller rigs, usually created for teaching purposes, use mats instead of a net.","Flying trapeze is a performance act where a ""flyer"" uses a trapeze bar to swing from a high platform, using gravity to create a swing. The performer then releases the bar and is caught by another performer who is hanging by their knees (the ""catcher"") on another trapeze bar.",information_extraction "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Albertonectes, African forest elephant",,"Albertonectes is extinct, African forest elephant is alive.",classification How to survive the zombie apocalypse ?,,"-Picking the right group of collaborative survivors is key to success -Have an open mind, learn to work better with strangers -Learn a new survival skill - Sewing , cooking , fishing, hunting , farming -Have a well stocked survival bag that has food and water for at least a week -Learn how to use a firearm -Take a self defense class -Mark out several safe areas you can seek shelter in -Learn basic DIY skills, plumbing, electrical maintenance and carpentry -Pick the right shoes, comfortable for daily usage but also provide protection from nails, rocks and other dangerous objects",brainstorming What sacrifices did Ons's parents make to help her tennis career?,"Ons Jabeur was born to Samira and Ridha Jabeur in Ksar Hellal, a small town in Tunisia. She grew up in the larger nearby coastal town of Sousse. Jabeur has two older brothers, Hatem and Marwen, and an older sister, Yasmine. Her mother played tennis recreationally and introduced her to the sport at the age of three. Jabeur trained under coach Nabil Mlika for ten years from ages four to thirteen, originally starting to work with him at a tennis promotion centre at her school. When she was ten years old, her club did not have their own tennis courts and she could only train on courts at nearby hotels. At twelve years old, Jabeur moved to the capital city of Tunis to train at the Lycée Sportif El Menzah, a national sport high school for the country's up-and-coming athletes, where she stayed for several years. She also later trained in Belgium and France starting at the age of 16. Jabeur credits her parents for the sacrifices they made when she was growing up, saying, ""My parents sacrificed a lot of things – my mom used to drive me everywhere around Tunisia to go play the tournaments, and she encouraged me to go to a special school to study. That was a big sacrifice to see her little girl going for a dream that, honestly, wasn't 100% guaranteed. She believed in me and gave me the confidence to be there.""",Ons's mother used to drive Ons all around Tunisia to play tennis tournaments and encouraged Ons to go to a special school to study.,closed_qa Give me a list of best movie review websites.,,"Here are the list of some popular movie review websites. 1. Guardian 2. Rotten Tomatoes 3. Yahoo Movies 4. IMDB 5. Meta Critic",brainstorming What is Your Lie in April about?,"Fourteen-year-old piano prodigy, Kōsei Arima, becomes famous after winning several music competitions. When his mother Saki dies, Kōsei has a mental breakdown while performing at a piano recital; this results in him becoming unable to hear the sound of his piano, even though his hearing is otherwise unaffected. Two years later, Kōsei has not touched the piano and views the world in monochrome. He does not focus on excelling in any activities and often spends time with his friends Tsubaki Sawabe and Ryōta Watari. Kōsei meets Kaori Miyazono, an audacious, free-spirited, fourteen-year-old violinist whose playing style reflects her manic personality. Kaori helps Kōsei return to playing the piano, and shows him his playing style can be free and groundbreaking. As Kaori continues to uplift Kōsei's spirits, he quickly realizes he loves her, although she seems to only be interested in Ryōta. During a performance, Kaori, who later explains that she is anemic and needs routine testing, collapses and is hospitalized. She is later diagnosed with Aplastic Anemia. She invites Kōsei to play with her at a gala but she does not arrive. Her health deteriorates and she becomes dejected. Kōsei plays a duet with a friend, which motivates Kaori to attempt a risky and potentially deadly surgery so she may possibly play with Kosei once more. While playing in the finals of the Eastern Japan Piano Competition, Kōsei sees Kaori's spirit accompanying him and realizes she has died during the surgery. At her funeral, Kaori's parents give Kōsei a letter from Kaori that reveals she was aware of her impending death and became more free-spirited, both as a person and in her music, so she would not take her regrets to Heaven. She confesses she had been in love with Kōsei's piano playing since watching him perform at a concert when she was five. This inspired her to play the violin so she could play with him one day. Kaori fabricated her feelings towards Ryōta so she could get closer to Kōsei without hurting Tsubaki, who harbored affection for Kōsei. She then confesses her love for him. Tsubaki comforts Kōsei and tells him she will be by his side. Kaori also leaves behind a picture of herself as a child, coming back from the concert that inspired her, with Kōsei in the background. Kōsei later frames this picture.","Your Lie in April is a manga and an anime about friendship through music. The protagonist Kosei Arima is a very talented piano prodigy who goes through a mental breakdown from the pressure of performing and becomes deaf to the sound of his own piano. The world becomes monotonous and depressing until he meets Kaori Miyazono, a free-spirited violinist who reminds him of how to play music freely again. However, Kaori suffers from anemia and often has to go to the hospital. Despite this, the two often play together and Kosei falls in love. Kaori passes away soon after and leaves a letter for Kosei explaining how she loved him back and his piano playing. Kosei uses this as inspiration to get back into music and play freely once more.",summarization Which is a species of fish? Lung or Lungfish,,Lungfish,classification Can you tell me about the Porsche 993 targa?,"The Targa version of the 993 was introduced in the 1996 model year and was the debut of the so-called ""greenhouse"" system - a retractable glass roof, a design continued on the 996 and 997 Targa. The glass roof retracts underneath the rear window, revealing a large opening. This system was a complete redesign, as previous Targa models had a removable roof section and a wide B-pillar functioning as a roll bar. The new glass-roof design allowed the 993 Targa to retain the same side-on profile as the other 911 Carrera variants and finish without the inconvenience of storing the removed top of the old system. The Targa is based on the 993 Carrera cabriolet with the Targa glass roof replacing the fabric roof.","In 1996, Porsche introduced the 993 in a targa variant. Though targas had been around from Porsche for decades, there was a new approach with the 993 model. They implemented a so-called ""greenhouse"" system whereby the glass roof retracts underneath the rear window, revealing a large opening. This allowed the 993 to have the same side profile as the coupe models, but without the inconvenience of storing the removed top of the old system.",summarization How many Olympic rings are there?,,There are five Olympic rings that represent the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games.,open_qa Tell me about the film The Catechism Cataclysm,,"The Catechism Cataclysm is a 2011 independent, psychotronic dark comedy film directed by Todd Rohal. The film's narrative concerns a bumbling priest named Father Billy who embarks on a camping trip with his childhood idol, Robbie.",open_qa Why is Muhammad Ali called the greatest boxer of all time?,,"There were many great boxers, but many consider Muhammad Ali to be the greatest. This is likely due to the success that he had as a sportsman and as a social figure outside of the ring. Not only did he become the undisputed heavyweight boxing champion, and then regain the title later, he also resisted the draft for the Vietnam War (which stripped him of his boxing titles), he was a heavy racial pride advocate for African Americans during the Civil Rights Movement, he converted to Islam, changed his name to reflect the name, and enforced that others call him by his name, he won 2 Grammy awards for his music work, and became an accomplished author. Many successful boxers following Muhammad Ali also accredit him as an inspiration as well.",creative_writing "Given a reference text about Thomas William Dobbie, tell me his nationality.","Thomas William Dobbie (November 13, 1829 – April 1, 1908) was a Canadian civil engineer, provincial land surveyor and political figure. He represented Elgin East in the 1st Canadian Parliament as a Conservative member. He was born in Bayham Township, Upper Canada in 1829, the son of Andrew Dobbie, a Scottish immigrant, and Martha Ann Bowlby. Dobbie was educated in Bayham township and London, Ontario. He served as reeve for the township from 1863 to 1867 and from 1876 to 1877. Dobbie lived in Tillsonburg. Dobbie was married twice: to Susan Margaret Jones in 1872 and to Mary Hodgson in 1891. He died in Tillsonburg at the age of 78.",Thomas William Dobbie was Canadian.,closed_qa Extract from the following passage research related to electricity in the 17th and 18th centuries.,"Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the ""Thunderer of the Nile"", and described them as the ""protectors"" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by electric catfish and electric rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. Patients with ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them. Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing. Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. According to a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge of electroplating, based on the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though it is uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature. Electricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when the English scientist William Gilbert wrote De Magnete, in which he made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishing the lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber. He coined the New Latin word electricus (""of amber"" or ""like amber"",, elektron, the Greek word for ""amber"") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed. This association gave rise to the English words ""electric"" and ""electricity"", which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646. Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827. Electricity and magnetism (and light) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his ""On Physical Lines of Force"" in 1861 and 1862.  While the early 19th century had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering. Through such people as Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets, energising electrons. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for ""his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"". The photoelectric effect is also employed in photocells such as can be found in solar panels. The first solid-state device was the ""cat's-whisker detector"" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect. In a solid-state component, the current is confined to solid elements and compounds engineered specifically to switch and amplify it. Current flow can be understood in two forms: as negatively charged electrons, and as positively charged electron deficiencies called holes. These charges and holes are understood in terms of quantum physics. The building material is most often a crystalline semiconductor. Solid-state electronics came into its own with the emergence of transistor technology. The first working transistor, a germanium-based point-contact transistor, was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947, followed by the bipolar junction transistor in 1948.","Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used.",information_extraction What is geomorphometry?,,"Geomorphometry, or geomorphometrics, is the science and practice of measuring the characteristics of terrain, the shape of the surface of the Earth, and the effects of this surface form on human and natural geography. It gathers various mathematical, statistical and image processing techniques that can be used to quantify morphological, hydrological, ecological and other aspects of a land surface. Common synonyms for geomorphometry are geomorphological analysis (after geomorphology), terrain morphometry, terrain analysis, and land surface analysis. Geomorphometrics is the discipline based on the computational measures of the geometry, topography and shape of the Earth's horizons, and their temporal change. This is a major component of geographic information systems (GIS) and other software tools for spatial analysis. In simple terms, geomorphometry aims at extracting (land) surface parameters (morphometric, hydrological, climatic etc.) and objects (watersheds, stream networks, landforms etc.) using input digital land surface model (also known as digital elevation model, DEM) and parameterization software.[Extracted surface parameters and objects can then be used, for example, to improve mapping and modelling of soils, vegetation, land use, geomorphological and geological features and similar. With the rapid increase of sources of DEMs today (and especially due to the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission and LIDAR-based projects), extraction of land surface parameters is becoming more and more attractive to numerous fields ranging from precision agriculture, soil-landscape modelling, climatic and hydrological applications to urban planning, education and space research. The topography of almost all Earth has been today sampled or scanned, so that DEMs are available at resolutions of 100 m or better at global scale. Land surface parameters are today successfully used for both stochastic and process-based modelling, the only remaining issue being the level of detail and vertical accuracy of the DEM.",open_qa What should I do on a free afternoon in San Francisco?,,"You can visit and take photos at San Francisco's landmarks such as Pier 39 or Golden Gate Bridge. If you enjoy walking outdoors, there are several large parks in the city. You can visit Golden Gate Park and the various attractions and museums located in the park. The Presidio is also a popular park where you can get some of the best views of Golden Gate Bridge.",creative_writing What are the two longest rivers located in the United States?,,Mississippi and Missouri rivers,open_qa Why are the Blasket Islands no longer inhabited?,"The Blasket Islands (Irish: Na Blascaodaí) are an uninhabited group of islands off the west coast of the Dingle Peninsula in County Kerry, Ireland. The last island to hold a significant population, Great Blasket Island, was abandoned in 1954 due to population decline and is best known for a number of gifted Irish language writers who vividly described their way of life and who kept alive old Irish folk tales of the land. The islands were inhabited until 1954 by a completely Irish-speaking population and today are part of the Gaeltacht. At its peak, the islands had 175 residents. The population declined to 22 by 1953. The government evacuated most of the remaining residents to the mainland on 17 November 1953 because of increasingly extreme winter weather that left the island's ageing population cut off from emergency services. The evacuation was seen as necessary by both the Islanders and the government. The Ó Suilleabháin family were reluctant to leave, and became the final family to depart Great Blasket Island in 1954.",The Blasket Islands population declined over time. The rationale for evacuating the last of residents was the concern that emergency services would not be available in the event of extreme winter weather.,information_extraction Please give a simple list of reasons that extraterrestrial intelligence may not exist or is very rare,"Those who think that intelligent extraterrestrial life is (nearly) impossible argue that the conditions needed for the evolution of life—or at least the evolution of biological complexity—are rare or even unique to Earth. Under this assumption, called the rare Earth hypothesis, a rejection of the mediocrity principle, complex multicellular life is regarded as exceedingly unusual. The rare Earth hypothesis argues that the evolution of biological complexity requires a host of fortuitous circumstances, such as a galactic habitable zone, a star and planet(s) having the requisite conditions, such as enough of a continuous habitable zone, the advantage of a giant guardian like Jupiter and a large moon, conditions needed to ensure the planet has a magnetosphere and plate tectonics, the chemistry of the lithosphere, atmosphere, and oceans, the role of ""evolutionary pumps"" such as massive glaciation and rare bolide impacts. And perhaps most importantly, advanced life needs whatever it was that led to the transition of (some) prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells, sexual reproduction and the Cambrian explosion. In his book Wonderful Life (1989), Stephen Jay Gould suggested that if the ""tape of life"" were rewound to the time of the Cambrian explosion, and one or two tweaks made, human beings most probably never would have evolved. Other thinkers such as Fontana, Buss, and Kauffman have written about the self-organizing properties of life.","Conditions that evolved intelligent life on planet Earth may be exceedingly rare in the Universe. These reasons for that are speculated to be: 1. The solar system is in a safe location within its galaxy. 2. The location of the earth relative to the sun and other planets in the solar system gives it protection from extreme environmental conditions that would prevent life from occurring. 3. The steps that led to advanced life forms (prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells, sexual reproduction and the Cambrian explosion) may be very unlikely to occur.",summarization Who is the greatest tennis player of all time?,,"This is the most debated question in tennis and it seems to have multiple answers depending on how greatness is defined. While the tennis history gave us many great players, most answers pick one of the so called big three players: Novak Djokovic, Rafael Nadal, or Roger Federer. If we look at the number of trophies and records, the most successful player is Novak Djokovic. The dominance achieved by Rafael Nadal on a single surface is unprecedented. Some people however argue that greatness cannot be measured in trophies and records and that Roger Federer’s game is the most elegant they’ve ever seen on court.",open_qa What are some popular tourist destination areas in Kenya?,"Tourism in Kenya is the second-largest source of foreign exchange revenue following agriculture. The Kenya Tourism Board is responsible for maintaining information pertaining to tourism in Kenya. The main tourist attractions are photo safaris through the 60 national parks and game reserves. Other attractions include the wildebeest migration at the Masaai Mara, which is considered to be the 7th wonder of the world; historical mosques, and colonial-era forts at Mombasa, Malindi, and Lamu; renowned scenery such as the white-capped Mount Kenya and the Great Rift Valley; tea plantations at Kericho; coffee plantations at Thika; a splendid view of Mount Kilimanjaro across the border into Tanzania; and the beaches along the Swahili Coast, in the Indian Ocean. Tourists, the largest number being from Germany and the United Kingdom, are attracted mainly to the coastal beaches and the game reserves, notably, the expansive East and Tsavo West National Park, 20,808 square kilometres (8,034 sq mi) to the southeast.[citation needed]","Tourists commonly visit the Masaai Mara; forts at Mombasa, Malindi and Lamu; tea and coffee plantations in Kericho and Thika; Mount Kilimanjaro; and the Swahili Coast.",summarization Explain how sampling bias in Voice Of Customer research could adversely affect a marketing analysis of customers' post-purchase experience with a product.,,"Recently I bought a TV from Amazon after extensive research and analysis. The TV manufacturer promptly followed up two weeks after the purchase. The post-purchase experience survey had questions like the following: ·  Did you buy it from a store/online? ·  Are you satisfied with your order? ·  Which store did you visit? ·  Was the self-assembly instructions easy to follow? ·  What other items would you consider purchasing from our brand?   The above questions were too generic from the TV manufacturer, and they missed the mark in identifying me as a persona and my buying criteria. I bought the TV for my basement as a secondary TV, and I picked a TV brand with standard features to be cost-effective. Below are a few sampling biases from the survey Buyer’s criteria The survey didn’t identify the TV for primary usage. I purchased this as a secondary TV, and my expectations were low, but I’m satisfied with the TV. I wouldn’t have picked this brand if this was my primary TV purchase. This is a classic example of sampling bias where the survey didn’t identify my buying criteria and resulted in skewed results. Audience segmentation As a millennial, my primary purchase channel is online. I rely heavily on YouTube reviews and blogs for my research. The TV survey aimed at in-store purchases and needed to capture the online experience correctly. This type of sampling bias results in incorrect market analysis.",creative_writing Where do eggs come from?,,"Eggs come from female chicken in their reproductive track. Humans eat these eggs as a source of protein in meals. Eggs are normally eaten the most at breakfast time but they are also used in many desserts like cakes and cookies. Chickens can lay eggs every 26 - 24 hours. This process can also be speed up by giving female chicken more calcium, more room to roam, reduced stress environment, and free flowing water.",open_qa What planning should you do to visit Walt Disney World?,,"You should start planning your Walt Disney World vacation at least six months in advance. First figure out your travel arrangements. If you are able to drive, you will have your own vehicle available to travel to the parks. If you fly, you will either need a rental car or will need to use other forms of transportation, such as uber or lyft. Within the Walt Disney World parks and resorts there is Disney provided transportation, but it is often crowded during peak hours such as park opening and closing. Next you will need to decide where to stay. The Walt Disney World resorts are the most convenient, but also the most expensive option. There are Walt Disney World resorts cater to different economic levels from more affordable up to more luxurious. Staying on the grounds will also often allow to enter parks earlier or stay later than the general public. Staying off the grounds is usually less expensive. There are many hotels and resorts in the Orlando area to choose from. Other options are to use a rental service such as VRBO or AirBnB to rent a property such as a house or condo for your stay. Next you need to decide on how many days in the parks you'll spend and whether you will stay in one park for an entire day or want to have the option to ""park hop"". Tickets are discounted for a larger number of days in the park. The ""park hopper"" option is a premium on top of the base ticket price. Often there are discount ticket websites but be careful about scams. The safest is to buy from Disney or a licensed travel advisor. Typically the price from a travel advisor is they same as buying from Disney. Next make a budget for how much you'll spend on food in the parks. Food is fairly pricy, but there are options from counter service all the way up to sit down restaurants and fine dining. Realize that eating in a sit down restaurant will take time away from other activities in the parks. Reservations can be made on the Disney website but are often difficult to get for some restaurants. Taking food into the park is also an option as there are lockers available at the parks to store things. Some items such as knives are not allowed, so plan ahead if food needs to be sliced. Next look at the rides and attractions that your family wants to ride and make a plan for which are the most important. A guidebook such as the Unauthorized Guide to Disney World is very helpful to provide plans for your day(s) in the parks. These guidebooks will give you help on when the lines for attractions will be shorter. Don't just try to show up in a park without some sort of plan as to which attractions to visit and when. Visiting without a plan will result in frustration, long waits, and disappointment. Also realize that you will not be able to visit all of the park attractions in one visit. As the time of your visit approaches watch the weather reports. Late afternoon thunderstorms are typical in Orlando in the summertime. Most attractions at Disney World are indoors and will continue operating during rain. Rain ponchos can be purchased in the park, but they are more expensive in park than if you bring your own. It can also be very hot during the summer, so plan on having water, sunscreen and wearing appropriate clothing for the weather. Be aware of how your party's attitude is during your visit. Visiting Disney World requires a lot of walking and also requires stamina. If people are getting tired, take a break, either in the park or back at your hotel. Don't make your visit a ""death march"". Also base the length of your stay in the park on the age of people in your party. Young children or elderly may require longer and more frequent breaks. One option is to go to the park in the morning, go back to your hotel in the afternoon for a dip in the pool, and return to the park later afternoon or evening. Pay attention to the park hours to know how early you can arrive and how late you can stay. Most parks have some sort of parade and fireworks show at closing. Most are very worthwhile to see. And remember above all that you should have fun. Don't be so focused on your plan of visiting attractions that you don't take advantage of spur of the moment opportunities such as interacting with characters or getting a quick photo with the family. Hopefully this will not be your only vacation at Disney World, and you want to have fond memories of your visit so that you will want to return again as soon as possible.",open_qa How do I fix the engine of my car?,,"This would depend on how complex the repair job is. But essentially you will need 1. A basic set of tools including spanners, screwdrivers and pliers. 2. An automotive manual for the model of your car. For example a Haynes manual. 3. Once you have diagnosed the problem, watch some videos on YouTube on how to fix the problem. 4. Based on the knowledge that you have gathered, attempt to fix your car If you are enable to fix it, go to an experienced mechanic.",brainstorming from the given text can you please create a list of events associated with life of Brandon Beane.,"On May 9, 2017, Beane was hired by Buffalo as the general manager, joining former Panthers defensive coordinator Sean McDermott, who had been hired as head coach. After the Bills fired previous general manager Doug Whaley, they opted to hire someone familiar to McDermott due to conflicts within the previous head coach-GM tandems under Whaley. Within the first season, Beane traded away many of the players Whaley had signed, drafted, or extended, including receiver Sammy Watkins, cornerback Ronald Darby, linebacker Reggie Ragland, and defensive tackle Marcell Dareus. Though Beane arguably had his sights on a long-term rebuild while purging unfavorable contracts for the Bills, some sports commentators criticized his tactics. In 2017, Beane's first season with the team, the Bills ended their 17-year playoff drought. Beane has since drafted players such as quarterback Josh Allen, linebacker Tremaine Edmunds, and defensive tackle Ed Oliver and brought in numerous offensive free agents with the team's new cap space. On December 10, 2020, Beane signed a contract extension through 2025.","1. Former Panthers defensive coordinator Sean McDermott was appointed head coach before Buffalo hired Beane as general manager on May 9, 2017. 2. Conflicts between the previous head coach-GM tandems under Doug Whaley led the Bills to decide to employ someone known to McDermott after firing Whaley as general manager. 3. During the first season, Beane traded away a large number of the players Whaley had signed, selected, or extended, including defensive tackle Marcell Dareus, linebacker Reggie Ragland, cornerback Ronald Darby, receiver Sammy Watkins, and cornerback Ronald Darby. 4. Despite the fact that Beane removing unfavourable contracts for the Bills may have been part of a long-term reconstruction, some sports analysts criticised his methods. 5. The Bills overcame their 17-year postseason drought in 2017, Beane's first campaign in charge of the group. Since then, Beane has signed multiple offensive free agents and selected players like quarterback Josh Allen, linebacker Tremaine Edmunds, and defensive tackle Ed Oliver with the team's new cap room. 6. Beane signed a contract extension through 2025 on December 10, 2020.",summarization "Give this paragraph about TCP/IP, what are the four abstraction laters?","The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the set of communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria. The foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and the Internet Protocol (IP). Early versions of this networking model were known as the Department of Defense (DoD) model because the research and development were funded by the United States Department of Defense through DARPA. The Internet protocol suite provides end-to-end data communication specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received. This functionality is organized into four abstraction layers, which classify all related protocols according to each protocol's scope of networking. An implementation of the layers for a particular application forms a protocol stack. From lowest to highest, the layers are the link layer, containing communication methods for data that remains within a single network segment (link); the internet layer, providing internetworking between independent networks; the transport layer, handling host-to-host communication; and the application layer, providing process-to-process data exchange for applications. The technical standards underlying the Internet protocol suite and its constituent protocols are maintained by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The Internet protocol suite predates the OSI model, a more comprehensive reference framework for general networking systems.","From lowest to highest, the layers are: - link layer, containing communication methods for data that remains within a single network segment (link) - the internet layer, providing internetworking between independent networks; - the transport layer, handling host-to-host communication; - the application layer, providing process-to-process data exchange for applications.",closed_qa What is the difference between tennis and pickleball?,,Pickleball is a slower-paced game. The court is smaller than a tennis court so there is less ground to cover. Pickleball paddles are lighter than tennis rackets; even the ball itself is lighter. Pickleball is typically easier on your joints compared to tennis. Some believe pickleball is an easier sport to learn.,open_qa List the items you need to play pickleball,,"Pickleball ball, pickleball raquet, court and net",brainstorming What is a chemical structure?,"A chemical structure determination includes a chemist's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid. Molecular geometry refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together and can be represented using structural formulae and by molecular models; complete electronic structure descriptions include specifying the occupation of a molecule's molecular orbitals. Structure determination can be applied to a range of targets from very simple molecules (e.g., diatomic oxygen or nitrogen) to very complex ones (e.g., such as protein or DNA).","A chemical structure determination includes a chemist's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid.",closed_qa In which cities was the AFL Grand Final played during COVID-19 ?,"The COVID-19 pandemic affected the scheduling of the match in 2020 and 2021, as outbreaks of the virus in Melbourne during finals precluded unrestricted travel and mass gatherings in Victoria. In 2020, when most of the league's clubs had been relocated to Queensland for the majority of the season, the grand final was played at the Gabba in Brisbane, the first time it had been played outside Victoria. It was also played at night, the first time it was not played in the afternoon time slot. The following season, it was played at Optus Stadium in Perth in a twilight timeslot","The AFL Grand Final was played in Brisbane in 2020 and Perth in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Usually the AFL Grand Final is played in Melbourne, Victoria.",summarization Please give me the potential implications of overfitting described in the following text,"Consequences The most obvious consequence of overfitting is poor performance on the validation dataset. Other negative consequences include: A function that is overfitted is likely to request more information about each item in the validation dataset than does the optimal function; gathering this additional unneeded data can be expensive or error-prone, especially if each individual piece of information must be gathered by human observation and manual data-entry. A more complex, overfitted function is likely to be less portable than a simple one. At one extreme, a one-variable linear regression is so portable that, if necessary, it could even be done by hand. At the other extreme are models that can be reproduced only by exactly duplicating the original modeler's entire setup, making reuse or scientific reproduction difficult. It may be possible to reconstruct details of individual training instances from an overfitted machine learning model's training set. This may be undesirable if, for example, the training data includes sensitive personally identifiable information (PII). This phenomenon also presents problems in the area of artificial intelligence and copyright, with the developers of some generative deep learning models such as Stable Diffusion and GitHub Copilot being sued for copyright infringement because these models have been found to be capable of reproducing certain copyrighted items from their training data.","The potential implications of overfitting are: - poor performance of the validation set. - a function that is overfitted is likely to request more information about each item in the validation dataset. - A overfitted function is likely to be less portable than a simple one. - it may be possible to reconstruct details of individual training instances from an overfitted machine learning model's training set.",summarization When was the first bicycle race?,"The first bicycle race is popularly held to have been a 1,200 m (3,900 ft) race on the 31 May 1868 at the Parc de Saint-Cloud, Paris, France. It was won by expatriate Englishman James Moore who rode a wooden bicycle with solid rubber tires. The machine is now on display at the museum in Ely, Cambridgeshire, England.","It's commonly believed that the first bicycle race was held May 31, 1868 at the Parc de Saint-Cloud, Paris, France. The race distance was 1,200 m and was won by James Moore, an expatriate Englishman. Moore rode a wooden bicycle with solid rubber tires. Moore's bicycle is now on display in a museum in England.",summarization What text data set examples of Generative artificial intelligence,"A generative artificial intelligence or generative AI is a type of AI system capable of generating text, images, or other media in response to prompts. Generative AI systems use generative models such as large language models to statistically sample new data based on the training data set that was used to create them. Notable generative AI systems include ChatGPT, a chatbot built by OpenAI using the GPT-3 and GPT-4 large language models and Bard, a chatbot built by Google using the LaMDA model. Other generative AI models include artificial intelligence art systems such as Stable Diffusion, Midjourney, and DALL-E. Generative AI has potential applications across a wide range of industries, including software development, marketing, and fashion. Investment in generative AI surged during the early 2020s, with large companies such as Microsoft, Google, and Baidu as well as numerous smaller firms developing generative AI models. Modalities A detailed oil painting of figures in a futuristic opera scene Théâtre d'Opéra Spatial, an image generated by Midjourney A generative AI system is constructed by applying unsupervised or self-supervised machine learning to a data set. The capabilities of a generative AI system depend on the modality or type of the data set used. Text: Generative AI systems trained on words or word tokens include GPT-3, LaMDA, LLaMA, BLOOM, GPT-4, and others (see List of large language models). They are capable of natural language processing, machine translation, and natural language generation and can be used as foundation models for other tasks. Data sets include BookCorpus, Wikipedia, and others (see List of text corpora). Code: In addition to natural language text, large language models can be trained on programming language text, allowing them to generate source code for new computer programs. Examples include OpenAI Codex. Images: Generative AI systems trained on sets of images with text captions include such as Imagen, DALL-E, Midjourney, Stable Diffusion and others (see Artificial intelligence art, Generative art, Synthetic media). They are commonly used for text-to-image generation and neural style transfer. Datasets include LAION-5B and others (See Datasets in computer vision). Molecules: Generative AI systems can be trained on sequences of amino acids or molecular representations such as SMILES representing DNA or proteins. These systems, such as AlphaFold, are used for protein structure prediction and drug discovery. Datasets include various biological datasets. Music: Generative AI systems such as MusicLM can be trained on the audio waveforms of recorded music along with text annotations, in order to generate new musical samples based on text descriptions such as ""a calming violin melody backed by a distorted guitar riff"". Video: Generative AI trained on annotated video can generate temporally-coherent video clips. Examples include Gen1 by RunwayML and Make-A-Video by Meta Platforms. Multimodal: A generative AI system can be built from multiple generative models, or one model trained on multiple types of data. For example, one version of OpenAI's GPT-4 accepts both text and image inputs.","text data set examples of Generative artificial intelligence Data sets include BookCorpus, Wikipedia",summarization Please write an email to the parent who complained about your child hitting their child.,,"Hi, David: Please pass my apology to Simone on Jessie's behalf. I hope he has a swift recovery. And thank you for sharing this with me. My wife and I will talk with Jessie about her bad behavior. We will try to find out her reason/motivation and emphasize the rules of interacting with and respecting her friends. We have not received a similar report in the past. So, we never knew this as a problem before. But we will take it very seriously and do our best to help her to fixe it. Please let us know if this even happens again. Please accept our sincerely apologize.",creative_writing Why was Tamazulapam del Espíritu Santo placed under quarantine?,"Tamazulapam del Espíritu Santo is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality is at an altitude of 2,040 meters. It is part of the Sierra Mixe district within the Sierra Norte de Oaxaca Region. The municipality has a total population of 6,908, and the town has a population of 2,372. Municipal President Artemio Ortiz Ricardez died on May 13, 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. The town had been placed under quarantine after its first reported case on May 10.",Tamazulapam del Espíritu Santo was placed under quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic.,closed_qa "Given these paragraphs about Large language models, what is the prompting paradigm?","A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks. Properties Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design. Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to ""memorize"" a great quantity of facts during training. Hallucinations Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence) In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a ""hallucination"" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data. Emergent abilities On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities. Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called ""emergent abilities"". Researchers note that such abilities ""cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models"". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs. Architecture and training Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or ""filling in the blanks"", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus. The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens. LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million. A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters). Application to downstream tasks Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via ""prompting"" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions. Fine-tuning Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning) Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be ""frozen"", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen). Prompting See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing) In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In ""few-shot prompting"", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows: Review: This movie stinks. Sentiment: negative Review: This movie is fantastic! Sentiment: If the model outputs ""positive"", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be ""The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is"". Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering. Instruction tuning Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt ""Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet."" might provide a completion such as ""A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17."" In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, ""self-instruct"", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model","In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In ""few-shot prompting"", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs.",closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Velvetfish or Cotton,,Velvetfish,classification What is the stone age?,"The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make stone tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted for roughly 3.4 million years, and ended between 4,000 BC and 2,000 BC, with the advent of metalworking. Though some simple metalworking of malleable metals, particularly the use of gold and copper for purposes of ornamentation, was known in the Stone Age, it is the melting and smelting of copper that marks the end of the Stone Age. In Western Asia, this occurred by about 3,000 BC, when bronze became widespread. The term Bronze Age is used to describe the period that followed the Stone Age, as well as to describe cultures that had developed techniques and technologies for working copper alloys (bronze: originally copper and arsenic, later copper and tin) into tools, supplanting stone in many uses. Stone Age artifacts that have been discovered include tools used by modern humans, by their predecessor species in the genus Homo, and possibly by the earlier partly contemporaneous genera Australopithecus and Paranthropus. Bone tools have been discovered that were used during this period as well but these are rarely preserved in the archaeological record. The Stone Age is further subdivided by the types of stone tools in use.","The Stone age was a prehistoric period that lasted for millions of years and ended in and ended between 4,000 BC and 2,000 BC , with the advent of metalworking. In this period, stone was widely used to make stone tools and weapons with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The Stone Age is the first period in the three-age system frequently used in archaeology to divide the timeline of human technological prehistory into functional periods, with the next two being the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, respectively. Though some simple metalworking of malleable metals, particularly the use of gold and copper for purposes of ornamentation, was known in the Stone Age, it is the melting and smelting of copper that marks the end of the Stone Age. The Stone Age is also commonly divided into three distinct periods: Paleolithic era which is the earliest and most primitive; a transitional period with finer tools known as the Mesolithic era; and the final stage known as the Neolithic era. Neolithic peoples were the first to transition away from hunter-gatherer societies into the settled lifestyle of inhabiting towns and villages as agriculture became widespread.",closed_qa What are questions you can ask to get to know someone?,,"Questions you can ask to get to know someone are the following: 1. What is your name? 2. What is your age? 3. What are your hobbies? 4. Did you go to college? What college? 5. What do you do for work? 6. Do you have any brothers or sister? 7. What is most important to you in a relationship? 8. Do you like to read? What was the last book you read? 9. Have you ever done any traveling? Where? 10. What is your favorite restaurant? Where?",open_qa Name some of John Grisham's bestselling novels.,,John Grisham is a famous American novelist and former lawyer. He is best known for writing crime procedural and legal thrillers. His first best-selling novel was A Time to Kill in 1989. The Firm novel was released in 1991 and became a movie starring Tom Cruise in 1993. Other famous bestselling books by John Grisham include: The Pelican Brief in 1992; The Runaway Jury in 1996; The Rainmaker in 1995; The Broker in 2004;,open_qa What is the difference between the words ‘this’ and ‘that’?,,"The difference between ‘this’ and ‘that’ has to do with proximity. When referring to something that is in close proximity you would use the word ‘this’: “This finger hurts me the most.” Conversely, if something far away you would use the word that: “That hill off in the distance is called the Blue Hills.”",open_qa What does Lady Gaga affectionately call her fans?,,Little monsters.,open_qa What is XGBoost Algorithm?,,"XGBoost is a robust machine-learning algorithm that can help you understand your data and make better decisions. XGBoost is an implementation of gradient-boosting decision trees. It has been used by data scientists and researchers worldwide to optimize their machine-learning models. LightGBM is another common, related library for Gradient Boosting algorithm training. Both XGBoost and LightGBM are open-source and are used in a variety of Machine Learning tasks. LightGBM is generally faster for training on large datasets.",open_qa "When was the first idea of mobile phone developed, and was it created or commercialized at that time?","A handheld mobile radio telephone service was envisioned in the early stages of radio engineering. In 1917, Finnish inventor Eric Tigerstedt filed a patent for a ""pocket-size folding telephone with a very thin carbon microphone"". Early predecessors of cellular phones included analog radio communications from ships and trains. The race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World War II, with developments taking place in many countries. The advances in mobile telephony have been traced in successive ""generations"", starting with the early zeroth-generation (0G) services, such as Bell System's Mobile Telephone Service and its successor, the Improved Mobile Telephone Service. These 0G systems were not cellular, supported few simultaneous calls, and were very expensive.","The early idea of mobile phone goes back to the early stages of radio engineering. It was in 1917 that a Finnish inventor Eric Tigerstedt filed a patent for a ""pocket-size folding telephone with a very thin carbon microphone"". No, the real handheld mobile radio telephones were not created or commercialized at that time. It was after World War II that the race to create truly portable telephone devices began with developments taking place in many countries.",closed_qa Where is Black Oak?,"Black Oak is a community in White River Township, Washington County, Arkansas, United States. It is located between Greenland and Elkins and lies six miles southeast of Fayetteville. The community lies along the west bank of the Middle Fork of the White River. The community of Sulphur City lies on the east bank of the river approximately 1.5 mile to the southeast.","Black Oak is a community is Arkansas, United States.",closed_qa Why did Cato think that Carthage must be destroyed?,"Although Rome was successful in the first two Punic Wars, as it vied for dominance with the seafaring Punic city-state of Carthage in North Africa (now Tunisia), it suffered a number of humiliations and damaging reverses in the course of these engagements, especially at the Battle of Cannae in 216 BC. Rome nonetheless managed to win the Second Punic War thanks to Scipio Africanus in 201 BC. After its defeat, Carthage ceased to be a threat to Rome and was reduced to a small territory that was equivalent to what is now northeastern Tunisia. However, Cato the Censor visited Carthage in 152 BC as a member of a senatorial embassy, which was sent to arbitrate a conflict between the Punic city and Massinissa, the king of Numidia. Cato, a veteran of the Second Punic War, was shocked by Carthage's wealth, which he considered dangerous for Rome. He then relentlessly called for its destruction and ended all of his speeches with the phrase, even when the debate was on a completely different matter. The Senate refused to follow him though, especially Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum, the son-in-law of Scipio Africanus and the most influential senator. Corculum opposed the war to preserve Roman unity and argued that the fear of a common enemy was necessary to keep the people in check. Like Cato, he ended all his speeches with the same phrase, ""Carthage must be saved"" (Carthago servanda est).","Cato felt that Carthage had bounced back too quickly from its defeats in the first two Punic wars, and would have remembered the disastrous defeat at Cannae. He thought that only completely destroying Carthage would remove it as a threat to Rome.",closed_qa "Which of these words can be both a noun and a verb in English? treat, apple, watch, wood, attach",,The words 'treat' and 'watch' can be both a noun and a verb in English.,classification Is an avocado a fruit or a vegetable?,,An avocado is a single-seeded berry fruit,classification "Based on the text, what are the best ways for people to eat fruits?","In the US, we are fortunate to have a dizzying array of fruits that fill our grocery stores year-round. They come in all sizes, shapes, and colors, and we have all heard about the recommended five servings of fruits and vegetables a day. So, what are we eating them for? And how does the nutritional value vary between fruits? Is there any difference between whole fruits versus juice, fresh versus dried? Let’s take a look. Differences between fruits Just like other foods, different fruits have different nutrient values. Generally, whole fruits are good sources of fiber while fruit juices are not. And one cup of fruit juice, even 100% fruit juice, has a lot more sugar than one piece or one serving of whole fruit. In addition, whole fruits are more satiating than juices. When meeting the recommended fruit and vegetable intake, it is better to eat them (whole) than drink them (juice). However, one should not completely avoid drinking juice — if it is 100% juice — but you should limit consumption to no more than 4 to 8 ounces a day. The freezer section of the grocery store is often stocked with quite a variety of frozen fruits. These are often peeled and cut already (like mango), which is convenient and often less expensive than fresh fruits. Frozen fruits are usually picked and quick-frozen near the point of harvest, therefore the nutrients are well preserved. Moreover, some seasonal fruits such as blueberries are readily available in frozen form. The key to selection is to choose plain frozen fruits without added sugar. There are a number of fruits that are available in dried form, such as raisins, apricots, and pineapple — just to name a few. They also have good nutrient values, keep for a long time, are convenient to carry around, and are high in calories, making them a favorite for hikers and campers. However, some often have sugar added in the drying process, particularly mango and pineapple. Dried cranberries almost always have sugar added, as they are naturally very tart. Even for those without added sugar, the compact volume and sweetness make it quite easy to eat a lot in one sitting, and the calories can add up quickly. Some dried fruits like raisins and apricots are also treated with sulfur dioxide to preserve freshness and color. For most people that is not a concern; however, some individuals are sensitive, especially those with asthma. Sulfur dioxide treatment is labeled on the package, so it is not difficult to avoid if necessary. What about buying organic? We have much choice when it comes to organic and conventionally grown fruits, be they fresh, frozen, or dried. Nutritionally, there is not enough difference to choose one over the other, though consumers might choose one over another based on farming practices and environmental impact. The US has regulations on pesticide use, but some fruits tend to have more residual pesticides than others, and it is always recommended that you wash fruits thoroughly before eating. Differences in nutritional value Different fruits are good sources of different nutrients. Citrus fruits are high in vitamin C, and other fruits are good sources of nutrients too. A few examples below: Nutrient: Major functions - Good fruit sources potassium: fluid and electrolyte balance, maintaining healthy blood pressure - oranges, raspberries, bananas, cherries, pomegranates, honeydew melons, avocados iron: formation of red blood cells, brain growth in children - dried apricots, raisins vitamin C: maintaining healthy immune system, wound healing, antioxidant - citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi folate: DNA synthesis, formation of red blood cells, early neural tube development in the fetus - oranges, mangos, avocados vitamin A: night vision, cell growth, immune function - cantaloupe Besides the above nutrients, certain fruits are also high in flavonoids. This is a diverse group of compounds, some of which are potent antioxidants that protect against oxidative damage, and may reduce the risk of certain diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. In particular, citrus fruits are high in the flavanones class of flavonoids, and blackberries, blueberries, cranberries, and cherries are high in the anthocyanidins class of flavonoids. So, what fruits should we eat? As you can see, there isn’t one fruit that has all the nutrients, so eating a variety is the key to good health. Try something new! Most adults should eat a variety of colors for about 2 cups a day. Prioritize whole fruits over juice. Eat what is in season, as it will be cheaper. And enjoy your fruits: eat mindfully to fully appreciate the smell, texture, and flavor. Bon appetit!","- Eat whole fruits instead of drinking 100% fruit juice, event 100% fruit juice, because whole fruits contain a lot more fiber and less super - Eat fruits of the season. They are fresher and cheaper. - It is ok to eat freshly frozen fruits. Pay attention to pick frozen fruits which do not have sugar added during the process - There is no nutritional difference between organic and non-organic fruits. Always wash fruits before eating - Dried fruits contain more sugar per unit weight. Don't overeat. - Different fruits contain different nutrients. Eating a variety of different fruits is the key to good health - A healthy adult should eat 2 cups of fruits a day with different varieties",summarization What is the difference between affect and effect?,,"""Affect"" acts as a verb while ""effect"" acts as a noun. For example, you would use the former spelling of the word when writing the sentence, ""Alcohol consumption affects cognitive ability."" Alternatively, you would use the latter spelling of the word when writing the sentence, ""Alcohol consumption leads to negative effects on cognitive ability.""",open_qa "Who amongst these are cricketers: Virat Kohli, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, Serena Williams, Andre Agassi, Sachin Tendulkar, Ricky Ponting, Anil Kumble, Harmanpreet Kaur, Mithali Raj, Sarah Taylor.",,"Virat Kohli, Sachin Tendulkar, Ricky Ponting, Anil Kumble, Harmanpreet Kaur, Mithali Raj, Sarah Taylor are cricketers.",classification Give me some ideas of things to do this weekend.,,"Congratulations on a well-deserved weekend break. Some ideas of things to try: 1. Get outdoors. Go for a hike or run. 2. Get social. Meet friends and family for celebrations and to strengthen bonds. 3. Go, volunteer. Support a cause that is close to you and make a positive impact in our world! 4. Go on a road trip. Experience and memories help us recharge and support our mental health. 5. Learn something new. Continual learning keeps us interested and engaged. New skills and hobbies can keep life fun and open new doors. 6. Participate in sports. You can participate in sporting activities to stay engaged or watch and cheer on your favorite teams. 7. See a movie or watch your favorite shows. Enjoy a good tale and find novelty from the comfort of your living room or the rich audio-visual cinema experience nearby!",brainstorming Tell me what to put in a smoothie.,,"A smoothie is primarily made up of fruit or vegetables, liquid, and toppings. The fruit can be frozen or fresh, and good options are bananas, strawberries, blueberries, and raspberries. To add some health benefits, you can also add vegetables like spinach. Adding liquid gives the smoothie a more drinkable consistency, and you can use either water, milk, or milk alternatives. Greek yogurt also adds protein. Finally, for toppings, you can add chia seeds or flaxseeds to give your smoothie some crunch.",brainstorming Write a brief passage on how to make french toast,,"In order to make a french toast, you need egg, vanilla extract, cinnamon, milk and few slices of bread. To start with, beat an egg along with one teaspoon of vanilla essence and a pinch of cinnamon. Add 1/4 cup of milk and stir the contents. Dip the bread slices in the mixture so that both sides of the bread are covered evenly. Heat a nonstick griddle and grease it lightly with butter. Place the bread on the griddle until it is brown on both sides. Serve it with maple syrup. Your delicious french toast is ready!",creative_writing What is the Monty Hall problem?,,"The Monty Hall problem is a probability brain teaser that many consider to be counterintuitive. The problem is stated as follows: Imagine you are a contestant on a game show and the host shows you 3 doors. Behind one of the doors is a car and behind the other two are goats. The prizes have been randomly assigned to the doors and you want to win the car. The host allows you to pick one of the doors as a first selection. Then, the host opens one of the remaining doors and reveals a goat is behind it. The host now allows you to decide if you want to switch from your selected door to the remaining unopened door. Should you switch, to maximize your probability of winning the car? Most people believe switching does not improve your probability of winning the car. However switching does increase your probability of winning the car from 1/3 to 2/3. An intuitive way to understand this problem is by first considering the initial state. At your first selection the probability that you have selected the right door is 1/3 and the probability that the car remains behind one of the two unselected doors is 2/3. Then the host reveals more information. The host reveals that one of the unselected doors does not have the car behind it. The probability that the originally unselected doors must have the car behind one of them is still 2/3, but you now know one of them specifically which does not have the car. Therefore, the remaining unopened unselected door must have a probability of 2/3 to contain the car, and your originally selected door must have a probability of 1/3. When offered the chance, you should switch to maximize your chances of winning the car.",open_qa What's a good 5-day itinerary for visiting the Amalfi Coast?,,"Congratulations on your upcoming trip to the Amalfi Coast! It is one of the most beautiful coasts in the world. 5-day is a good length to visit the Amalfi Coast. To start, you can fly into Naples airport, and take a private transfer to Sorrento, Italy. You can also get to Sorrento by train or boat. Sorrento is a very convenient central point for your 5-day trip so you don't have to hotel hop. Spend the first day walk around Sorrento, and orient yourself on where the train station and the port is. Enjoy a delicious dinner on the hills. Day 2, visit Positano and Praiano. Both are beautiful little towns and can be visited and explored on foot. You can easily get to both places by water taxi. Day 3. Book a boat tour to visit the famous Capri and the Blue Grotto. You will be amazed by the beautiful color of the Blue Grotto. However if you are going in high season, expect a wait to enter the Blue Grotto. Capri island has a lot to be discovered, and don't miss the funicular! Day 4: Visit 2 of the most beautiful manors on the Amalfi Coast in Ravello: Villa Cimbrone and Villa Rufolo. Have a meal there to enjoy the surroundings and the views. Then walk around the town of Ravello. Day 5: Go back to Naples for a day to enjoy the pizza, and historical city. If you can make a stop at Pompeii, that'd be a wonderful visit as well.",open_qa Manchester of South India ?,"Coimbatore, also spelt as Koyamputhur[note 1] (Tamil pronunciation: [koːjambʊt̪ːuːɾ]), sometimes shortened as Kovai (IPA: [koːʋaj]), is one of the major metropolitan cities in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on the banks of the Noyyal River and surrounded by the Western Ghats. Coimbatore is the second largest city in Tamil Nadu after Chennai in terms of population and the 16th largest urban agglomeration in India as per the census 2011. It is administered by the Coimbatore Municipal Corporation and is the administrative capital of Coimbatore District. In 1981, Coimbatore formed as the third municipal corporation in Tamil Nadu after Chennai and Madurai. Podanur Junction is the oldest railway station in Coimbatore City. The city is one of the largest exporters of jewellery, wet grinders, poultry and auto components; the ""Coimbatore Wet Grinder"" and the ""Kovai Cora Cotton"" are recognised as Geographical Indications by the Government of India. Being a hub of textile industry in South India, the city is sometimes referred to as the ""Manchester of South India"". It was ranked the 7th best city in India in the Ease of Living index 2020.",Coimbatore,closed_qa "Identify which car manufacturer is French or American: Peugeot, Ford",,"Peugeot is French, Ford is American",classification Give me a brief summary of the spanish civil war,"The Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936: on 17 and 18 July, part of the military carried out a coup d'état that triumphed in only part of the country. The situation led to a civil war, in which the territory was divided into two zones: one under the authority of the Republican government, that counted on outside support from the Soviet Union and Mexico (and from International Brigades), and the other controlled by the putschists (the Nationalist or rebel faction), most critically supported by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. The Republic was not supported by the Western powers due to the British-led policy of non-intervention. General Francisco Franco was sworn in as the supreme leader of the rebels on 1 October 1936. An uneasy relationship between the Republican government and the grassroots anarchists who had initiated a partial Social revolution also ensued. Republican volunteers at Teruel, 1936 The civil war was viciously fought and there were many atrocities committed by all sides. The war claimed the lives of over 500,000 people and caused the flight of up to a half-million citizens from the country. On 1 April 1939, five months before the beginning of World War II, the rebel side led by Franco emerged victorious, imposing a dictatorship over the whole country. Thousands of men and women were imprisoned after the civil war in Francoist concentration camps, with approximately 367,000 to 500,000 prisoners being held in 50 camps or prisons.","The Spanish Civil War started on the 17th and 18th of July 1936 due to a coup d'etat by the military that divided the country into two zones, one side led by the republican government, the other controlled by the putschists (nationalists). The war claimed 500,000 lives and caused a mass exodus of up to 500,000 more. It ended on the 1st of April 1939 with the nationalists taking control of the country, imposing a dictatorship led by General Franco.",summarization How many series did Dance Mums air?,"Dance Mums with Jennifer Ellison is a British reality television series that made its debut on Lifetime on 20 October 2014. Created by Shiver Productions, it is set in Liverpool, England, at Jelli Studios and follows the early careers of children in dance and show business, as well as the participation of their mothers. It is a spin-off of the American TV series Dance Moms. The second series began airing on 12 October 2015, but the show was not commissioned for a third series.","Two seasons, it was not commissioned for a third series.",closed_qa What are some important things to bring on a bicycle ride.,,"There are many things that you may want to bring on a bicycle ride. A tire repair kit is important for bicycle rides in case you get a flat tire. You should also wear a helmet to protect against serious injury in case of an accident. Some other useful things to bring on a bike ride may include water, snacks, sun glasses, sun screen, and a local map.",brainstorming What is Redshift?,,"Amazon Redshift is a data warehouse product which forms part of the larger cloud-computing platform Amazon Web Services. It is built on top of technology from the massive parallel processing data warehouse company ParAccel, to handle large scale data sets and database migrations.",open_qa Please give me a short bulleted list of the key arguments the Shohei Ohtani in his career.,"Shohei Ohtani, nicknamed ""Shotime"", is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher, designated hitter and outfielder for the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters of Nippon Professional Baseball's (NPB) Pacific League. Considered early on as an elite two-way player, Ohtani was the first pick of the Fighters in the 2012 draft. He played in NPB for the Fighters from 2013 through 2017 as a pitcher and an outfielder, and won the 2016 Japan Series with them. The Fighters posted Ohtani to MLB after the 2017 season, and he signed with the Angels, soon winning the 2018 American League (AL) Rookie of the Year Award. Following an injury-plagued 2019 and 2020, Ohtani would go on to have a 2021 season widely considered to be historic, as he became the first in the history of MLB with 10+ home runs and 20+ stolen bases as a hitter and 100+ strikeouts and 10+ pitching appearances as a pitcher in the same season while also holding at least a share of the major league lead in home runs in fourteen starts. Because of his elite contributions both offensively and as a pitcher, a rarity for two-way players, Ohtani's peak is widely considered among the greatest in baseball history, with some comparing it favorably to the early career of Babe Ruth. For his efforts, he was awarded the 2021 American League Most Valuable Player Award. He followed this in 2022 by becoming the first player in the modern era to qualify for both the hitting and pitching leaderboards in one season, reaching the limits of 3.1 plate appearances and one inning pitched per game with 586 at bats against 166 innings pitched. Internationally, Ohtani also represented Japan in the 2023 World Baseball Classic, winning the MVP Award for the tournament following Team Japan's victory over Team USA.","Shohei Otani is a baseball player in the history of MLB. He did: ・Won the 2018 American League (AL) Rookie of the Year Award. ・10+ home runs and 20+ stolen bases as a hitter ・100+ strikeouts and 10+ pitching appearances as a pitcher in the same season. ・Awarded the 2021 American League Most Valuable Player Award. ・Awarded the 2023 World Baseball Classic Most Valuable Player Award",summarization "Classify the below items based on the type of current they use, AC or DC. charging of batteries, fans, bulbs, air conditioners",,"AC: fans, bulbs, air conditioners DC: charging of batteries",classification What is SCSS?,,"The Sassy Cascading Style Sheets (SCSS) is basically a more advanced and evolved variant of the CSS language. Natalie Weizenbaum and Chris Eppstein created it, and Hampton Catlin designed it. It comes with more advanced features- thus often called Sassy CSS.",open_qa What are common methods for processing coffee?,,"Natural, washed and honey are three common methods for processing coffee. Honey wash often comes in three varieties, yellow, red, and black based on the amount of pulp left on the bean. There are other less common processing methods like carbonic maceration, acetic and lactic, Kenyan processing among others.",open_qa "As a first time visitor to India, where should I visit?",,"India is a big and diverse country with many experiences to offer. You could visit historical landmarks like the world famous Taj Mahal in Agra or go to Rajasthan to see the palaces of the maharajas. If rejuvenation and health is your focus, you could go to Kerala for its beautiful backwaters where you can disconnect from all electronic devices. And immerse yourself in yoga and ayurveda for a detox. If you are looking for adventure, head to the mountains in Kashmir (the Switzerland of India) and the himalayas for skiing and trekking. Leh in Ladhakh is a very popular destination too, but do make sure you have at least 5-7 days for this trip. If you would rather be on a beach, India offers many destinations on its coast line the most popular being Goa. And finally if you are looking for a city break, the biggest cities of India are New Delhi its capital, Mumbai the financial headquarters and where Bollywood is based, Kolkatta in the east, Bangalore India's silicon valley and Chennai in the south. I hope this gives you enough information to start planning your India trip.",creative_writing Why was the Battle of Stalingrad so important?,"The Battle of Stalingrad was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II where Nazi Germany and its allies unsuccessfully fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (later renamed Volgograd) in Southern Russia. The battle was marked by fierce close-quarters combat and direct assaults on civilians in air raids, with the battle epitomizing urban warfare.The Battle of Stalingrad was the deadliest battle to take place during the Second World War. Today, the Battle of Stalingrad is universally regarded as the turning point in the European Theatre of war, as it forced the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (German High Command) to withdraw considerable military forces from other areas in occupied Europe to replace German losses on the Eastern Front, ending with the rout of the six field armies of Army Group B, including the destruction of Nazi Germany's 6th Army and an entire corps of its 4th Panzer Army. The victory at Stalingrad energized the Red Army and shifted the balance of power in the favour of the Soviets.","Battle of Stalingrad was critical and device fight between Nazi Germany and Soviet Union for few reasons. Firstly, it was deadliest and most intense fighting between two powers, binding very sizeable forces. The city itself was strategic as it hold the keys to the southern part and oil fields. Thirdly, it had a symbolic value for Stalin. And last but not least, it turned the tide in the war.",summarization "Cuzco, Machu Pichu is a famous place located in which country?",,Peru,open_qa How did they build the Fireworks of Glass in the Indy children's museum built?,"Fireworks of Glass Tower and Ceiling, also known as Fireworks of Glass, is a blown glass sculpture installation in the permanent collection of The Children's Museum of Indianapolis located in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America. The tower sits on a glass base, a pergola ceiling, and rises through the center of the museum's spiraling ramp system. Created by Dale Chihuly in 2006, it is his largest permanently installed glass sculpture. Beneath the tower is an accompanying exhibit that describes the sculpture and the process by which it was made. The tower and pergola ceiling are two distinct accessioned objects in the Children's Museum's collection. Fireworks of Glass and Pergola Ceiling is a 43-foot tower composed of 3,200 pieces of red, yellow, and cobalt blue blown glass and a pergola ceiling made up of 1,600 pieces of multicolored glass. On the tower, two to four feet pieces of twisted glass are situated on a metal armature suspended by steel cables. The tower rests on a glass plate over a pergola ceiling filled with other pieces of glass. Each piece of glass was individually blown by a team of glassblowers based out of Chihuly's studio in Tacoma, Washington. .","The sculpture Fireworks of Glass Tower and Ceiling in the Children's Museum of Indianapolis was built using a total of 4,800 pieces of red, yellow, and blue glass individually blown by a team of glassblowers in creator Dale Chihuly's Tacoma studio. The structure includes a 43-foot tower composed of 3,200 pieces of glass resting on a glass plate under a pergola ceiling made from 1,600 pieces of glass. The tower contains pieces of twisted glass suspended by steel cables.",summarization Give me some good stock investing tips.,,"Based on some quotes from Legendary investors like Barren Buffet, Charlie Munger, Peter Lynch, etc, one must keep the following things in mind. Please bear in mind that this is for informational purpose and user should do their own research before investing in stock market. 1. Bear in mind that investing is always associated with risk. So please put your money accordance to your investing style. 2. Invest in companies that ideally should be in your circle of competence and the ones that understand. Don't gamble with your money. 3. Always do your own research and not buy or sell a stock based on influencers, your relatives, friends, etc. Investment is an active decision, and like any other decision, you are responsible for your own judgements. 4. Warren Buffet famously said something along these lines, ""Rule number 1 of investing is Never Lose Money. And second rule is to never forget rule number 1"". So message is clear. 5. Think about long term and don't let the short term fluctuations cloud your stock investment judgement.",brainstorming "Which is a bird or fish: Black tern, Blackfin tuna",,"Black tern is a bird, Blackfin tuna is a fish",classification What are redo logs in Oracle RDBMS?,"In the Oracle RDBMS environment, redo logs comprise files in a proprietary format which log a history of all changes made to the database. Each redo log file consists of redo records. A redo record, also called a redo entry, holds a group of change vectors, each of which describes or represents a change made to a single block in the database. For example, if a user UPDATEs a salary-value in a table containing employee-related data, the DBMS generates a redo record containing change-vectors that describe changes to the data segment block for the table. And if the user then COMMITs the update, Oracle generates another redo record and assigns the change a ""system change number"" (SCN). Whenever something changes in a datafile, Oracle records the change in the redo log. The name redo log indicates its purpose: If the database crashes, the RDBMS can redo (re-process) all changes on datafiles which will take the database data back to the state it was when the last redo record was written. DBAs use the views V$LOG, V$LOGFILE, V$LOG_HISTORY and V$THREAD to find information about the redo log of the database. Each redo log file belongs to exactly one group (of which at least two must exist). Exactly one of these groups is the CURRENT group (can be queried using the column status of v$log). Oracle uses that current group to write the redo log entries. When the group is full, a log switch occurs, making another group the current one. Each log switch causes checkpoint, however, the converse is not true: a checkpoint does not cause a redo log switch. One can also manually cause a redo-log switch using the ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE command.","In Oracle RDBM, redo logs are the logs which are used to maintain the history of changes in a database. Each redo log linked to a data file has multiple redo records which hold group of change vectors. Redo logs can be used to apply the changes to Database in case of crashed and is also useful to create incremental backups.",summarization "List the first four main characters of Ann M. Martin's ""The Baby-Sitters Club"" books.",,"Kristy Thomas, Mary Anne Spier, Claudia Kishi, and Stacey McGill",open_qa Give me a summary of why an abstract is useful in academic literature?,"Academic literature uses the abstract to succinctly communicate complex research. An abstract may act as a stand-alone entity instead of a full paper. As such, an abstract is used by many organizations as the basis for selecting research that is proposed for presentation in the form of a poster, platform/oral presentation or workshop presentation at an academic conference. Most bibliographic databases only index abstracts rather than providing the entire text of the paper. Full texts of scientific papers must often be purchased because of copyright and/or publisher fees and therefore the abstract is a significant selling point for the reprint or electronic form of the full text. The abstract can convey the main results and conclusions of a scientific article but the full text article must be consulted for details of the methodology, the full experimental results, and a critical discussion of the interpretations and conclusions. An abstract allows one to sift through copious numbers of papers for ones in which the researcher can have more confidence that they will be relevant to their research. Once papers are chosen based on the abstract, they must be read carefully to be evaluated for relevance. It is generally agreed that one must not base reference citations on the abstract alone, but the content of an entire paper.","An abstract is useful in academic research because it conveys the complex research in a concise way by acting as a stand-alone summary. Therefore, it is usually used by many organizations as a base for selecting research. Moreover, abstracts are usually provided free of charge by many bibliographic databases which makes the research works more accessible. In addition, researchers can understand if the work is relevant to their research just by reading the abstract.",summarization "Which of the following are considered golf clubs: woods, irons, jellies, sliders, hybrids, wedges, driver, squeaker, putters",,"woods, irons, hybrids, wedges, driver, putters",classification What is the Antartic?,,"The Antarctic is a polar region around Earth's South Pole, opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole. The Antarctic comprises the continent of Antarctica, the Kerguelen Plateau and other island territories located on the Antarctic Plate or south of the Antarctic Convergence. The Antarctic region includes the ice shelves, waters, and all the island territories in the Southern Ocean situated south of the Antarctic Convergence, a zone approximately 32 to 48 km (20 to 30 mi) wide varying in latitude seasonally. The region covers some 20 percent of the Southern Hemisphere, of which 5.5 percent (14 million km2) is the surface area of the Antarctica continent itself. All of the land and ice shelves south of 60°S latitude are administered under the Antarctic Treaty System. Biogeographically, the Antarctic realm is one of eight biogeographic realms of Earth's land surface.",open_qa "I need you to divide the following into solids, liquids and gasses. Gold, oxygen, helium, water, coffee, wood, blood, sand, neon, steel, rock, carbon dioxide, copper, ice and milk.",,"Gold, wood, sand, steel, rock, copper, ice are solids. Water, coffee, blood and milk are liquids. Oxygen, helium, neon, carbon dioxide are gasses.",classification Which of the numbers 1 through 10 are prime numbers?,,"The numbers 2, 3, 5 and 7 are prime numbers.",classification "Based on the reference text, provide a bulleted list summarizing Newton's three laws of motion","First Translated from the Latin, Newton's first law reads, Every body continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it.: 114  Newton's first law expresses the principle of inertia: the natural behavior of a body is to move in a straight line at constant speed. In the absence of outside influences, a body's motion preserves the status quo. The modern understanding of Newton's first law is that no inertial observer is privileged over any other. The concept of an inertial observer makes quantitative the everyday idea of feeling no effects of motion. For example, a person standing on the ground watching a train go past is an inertial observer. If the observer on the ground sees the train moving smoothly in a straight line at a constant speed, then a passenger sitting on the train will also be an inertial observer: the train passenger feels no motion. The principle expressed by Newton's first law is that there is no way to say which inertial observer is ""really"" moving and which is ""really"" standing still. One observer's state of rest is another observer's state of uniform motion in a straight line, and no experiment can deem either point of view to be correct or incorrect. There is no absolute standard of rest.[note 4] Second The change of motion of an object is proportional to the force impressed; and is made in the direction of the straight line in which the force is impressed.: 114  By ""motion"", Newton meant the quantity now called momentum, which depends upon the amount of matter contained in a body, the speed at which that body is moving, and the direction in which it is moving. In modern notation, the momentum of a body is the product of its mass and its velocity: Newton's second law, in modern form, states that the time derivative of the momentum is the force: If the mass m does not change with time, then the derivative acts only upon the velocity, and so the force equals the product of the mass and the time derivative of the velocity, which is the acceleration: As the acceleration is the second derivative of position with respect to time, this can also be written. The forces acting on a body add as vectors, and so the total force on a body depends upon both the magnitudes and the directions of the individual forces. When the net force on a body is equal to zero, then by Newton's second law, the body does not accelerate, and it is said to be in mechanical equilibrium. A state of mechanical equilibrium is stable if, when the position of the body is changed slightly, the body remains near that equilibrium. Otherwise, the equilibrium is unstable. A common visual representation of forces acting in concert is the free body diagram, which schematically portrays a body of interest and the forces applied to it by outside influences. For example, a free body diagram of a block sitting upon an inclined plane can illustrate the combination of gravitational force, ""normal"" force, friction, and string tension.[note 5] Newton's second law is sometimes presented as a definition of force, i.e., a force is that which exists when an inertial observer sees a body accelerating. In order for this to be more than a tautology — acceleration implies force, force implies acceleration — some other statement about force must also be made. For example, an equation detailing the force might be specified, like Newton's law of universal gravitation. By inserting such an expression for into Newton's second law, an equation with predictive power can be written.[note 6] Newton's second law has also been regarded as setting out a research program for physics, establishing that important goals of the subject are to identify the forces present in nature and to catalogue the constituents of matter.[note 7] Third To every action, there is always opposed an equal reaction; or, the mutual actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal, and directed to contrary parts.: 116  Overly brief paraphrases of the third law, like ""action equals reaction"" might have caused confusion among generations of students: the ""action"" and ""reaction"" apply to different bodies. For example, consider a book at rest on a table. The Earth's gravity pulls down upon the book. The ""reaction"" to that ""action"" is not the support force from the table holding up the book, but the gravitational pull of the book acting on the Earth.[note 8] Newton's third law relates to a more fundamental principle, the conservation of momentum. The latter remains true even in cases where Newton's statement does not, for instance when force fields as well as material bodies carry momentum, and when momentum is defined properly, in quantum mechanics as well.[note 9] By Newton's second law, the first term is the total force upon the first body, and the second term is the total force upon the second body. If the two bodies are isolated from outside influences, the only force upon the first body can be that from the second, and vice versa. By Newton's third law, these forces have equal magnitude but opposite direction, so they cancel when added, and →{\vec {p}} is constant. Alternatively, if →{\vec {p}} is known to be constant, it follows that the forces have equal magnitude and opposite direction.","The following is a summary of Newton's three laws of motion: 1. First Law: A body remains at rest, or in motion at constant speed, unless acted upon by a force. 2. Second Law: The change of motion of an object is proportional to the force impressed on the object. 3. Third Law: To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.",summarization What is the University of Texas mascot?,,The University of Texas mascot is a longhorn.,open_qa What do the terms direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) mean?,"The movement of electric charge is known as an electric current, the intensity of which is usually measured in amperes. Current can consist of any moving charged particles; most commonly these are electrons, but any charge in motion constitutes a current. Electric current can flow through some things, electrical conductors, but will not flow through an electrical insulator. By historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part. Current defined in this manner is called conventional current. The motion of negatively charged electrons around an electric circuit, one of the most familiar forms of current, is thus deemed positive in the opposite direction to that of the electrons. However, depending on the conditions, an electric current can consist of a flow of charged particles in either direction, or even in both directions at once. The positive-to-negative convention is widely used to simplify this situation. The process by which electric current passes through a material is termed electrical conduction, and its nature varies with that of the charged particles and the material through which they are travelling. Examples of electric currents include metallic conduction, where electrons flow through a conductor such as metal, and electrolysis, where ions (charged atoms) flow through liquids, or through plasmas such as electrical sparks. While the particles themselves can move quite slowly, sometimes with an average drift velocity only fractions of a millimetre per second, the electric field that drives them itself propagates at close to the speed of light, enabling electrical signals to pass rapidly along wires. In engineering or household applications, current is often described as being either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). These terms refer to how the current varies in time. Direct current, as produced by example from a battery and required by most electronic devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to the negative.  If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction. Alternating current is any current that reverses direction repeatedly; almost always this takes the form of a sine wave. Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within a conductor without the charge moving any net distance over time. The time-averaged value of an alternating current is zero, but it delivers energy in first one direction, and then the reverse. Alternating current is affected by electrical properties that are not observed under steady state direct current, such as inductance and capacitance. These properties however can become important when circuitry is subjected to transients, such as when first energised.","In engineering or household applications, current is often described as being either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). These terms refer to how the current varies in time. Direct current, as produced by example from a battery and required by most electronic devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to the negative.  If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction. Alternating current is any current that reverses direction repeatedly; almost always this takes the form of a sine wave. Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within a conductor without the charge moving any net distance over time.",information_extraction Who were the original 5 members of the Grateful Dead?,,"The original 5 members of the Grateful Dead were Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir, Phil Lesh, Bill Kreutzmann, and Ron ""Pigpen"" McKernan",open_qa What is Skyrim?,"The game is set 200 years after the events of Oblivion, and takes place in Skyrim, the northernmost province of Tamriel. Its main story focuses on the player's character, the Dragonborn, on their quest to defeat Alduin the World-Eater, a dragon who is prophesied to destroy the world. Over the course of the game, the player completes quests and develops the character by improving skills. The game continues the open world tradition of its predecessors by allowing the player to travel anywhere in the game world at any time, and to ignore or postpone the main storyline indefinitely.","Skyrim is a medieval fantasy game based in the fictional world of Tamriel. With it being the fifth game in the Elder Scrolls franchise, it has plenty of lore to draw upon. Like its predecessors, the game is an open world RPG with plenty of quests to do, monsters to kill, items to loot, skills to level and weapons to craft. The map and setting of Skyrim is heavily influenced by Norse mythology. It has become one of the most famous games to be created by Bethesda.",summarization What is Bayes theorem,"In probability theory and statistics, Bayes' theorem (alternatively Bayes' law or Bayes' rule), named after Thomas Bayes, describes the probability of an event, based on prior knowledge of conditions that might be related to the event. For example, if the risk of developing health problems is known to increase with age, Bayes' theorem allows the risk to an individual of a known age to be assessed more accurately by conditioning it relative to their age, rather than simply assuming that the individual is typical of the population as a whole. One of the many applications of Bayes' theorem is Bayesian inference, a particular approach to statistical inference. When applied, the probabilities involved in the theorem may have different probability interpretations. With Bayesian probability interpretation, the theorem expresses how a degree of belief, expressed as a probability, should rationally change to account for the availability of related evidence. Bayesian inference is fundamental to Bayesian statistics, being considered by one authority as; ""to the theory of probability what Pythagoras's theorem is to geometry.""",Bayes theorem is based on conditional probability related to prior knowledge of the event.,information_extraction What are some modes of transportation I can use to travel downtown?,,"It depends on what city you are in. In general, the following modes of transportation are available in most downtowns: - Taxi/Rideshare - Bus - Bicycle rental - Scooter rental - Moped rental - Pedicab - Walking",brainstorming Summarize in bullet points some methods used to produce verdigris.,"A variety of recipes have been described for obtaining this blue-green patina on copper, brass, or bronze. It was originally made by hanging copper plates over hot vinegar in a sealed pot until a green crust formed on the copper. Another method, used in the Middle Ages, was to attach copper strips to a wooden block with acetic acid, then bury the sealed block in dung. A few weeks later, the block was to be dug up, and the verdigris scraped off. In eighteenth-century Montpellier, France, it was manufactured in household cellars, ""where copper plates were stacked in clay pots filled with distilled wine."" The verdigris was scraped off weekly by the women of the household. Copper(II) acetate is prepared by treatment of copper(II) hydroxide with acetic acid.","- Hang copper plates over hot vinegar - Bury copper strips with wooden blocks and acetic acid in dung and dig up weeks later - Stack copper plates in clay pots of wine - Combine copper(II) hydroxide and acetic acid",summarization "Given a reference text about the Osterville Baptist Church, tell me why its steeple was rebuilt and when it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.","The Osterville Baptist Church is an historic Baptist church building at 824 Main Street in the Osterville village of Barnstable, Massachusetts. The white clapboarded wood-frame structure was built in 1837 for a congregation formed two years earlier. It is one of the older buildings in Osterville, and is a fine example of the Greek Revival with Gothic Revival elements. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. Description and history The Osterville Baptist Church is set prominently in the center of Osterville on the north side of the junction of Main Street and Wianno Avenue. It is rectangular single-story wood-frame structure, with a gable roof, vinyl siding, and a brick foundation. Its exterior features a mix of Greek Revival and Gothic Revival styling, with corner paneled pilasters rising to entablatures running along the sides of the building, and lancet-arched panels above its windows. Its facade is symmetrically arranged, with a pair of entrances, each framed by sidelight windows and pilasters, with an entablature and cornice on top, and sash windows above. A single lancet-arch panel adorns the center of the gable end. The church has a two-stage square tower, with a plain first stage topped by a belfry with lancet-arched louvered openings, and a steeple above. The church congregation was organized in 1835 as the Second Barnstable Baptist Church, and this church was dedicated in 1838, having been built on land given by Captain George Lovell. Its steeple is a reconstruction of the original, which was lost in a hurricane in 1945. The church interior was remodeled in 1889, at which time a heating system was added. Further additions have been made to the rear of the building, adding classroom, meeting, and office spaces.",The Osterville Baptist Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The church's original steeple had to be replaced because it was damaged during a hurricane in 1945.,closed_qa write a poem about the holidays,,"the holidays are magical you will agree if you are logical in thanksgiving we feast its a reason to get together at least in Christmas we sing thats our thing we put gifts under the tree hopefully containing a new plush bee during halloween we scare and hope our costume doesn't tear a bag comes in handy when you get tons of candy in easter there are eggs and a bunny with jumpy legs those are some holidays I wouldn't have them in any other ways",creative_writing What is a coded application?,,"A application is an interface that lets people connect to data and insights through a front end application. An application does not have to have a graphical user interface either. An application can also be a coded program that can help with moving data or connect to an API to perform some sort of service like data cleaning, data moving, or data quality. Windows is an example of a GUI operating system, and DOS is an example of an application without a GUI that can do functionality like you can do in windows.",open_qa What is an acoholic?,,An alcoholic is someone who is unable to control the amount of alcohol they consume. Loss of control with any substance is how addiction starts. Alcoholism is a form of uncontrolled addiction. The most dangerous kind of addiction is one where a person is in denial that they have an addiction. Alcoholism like other additions if not treated can lead to kidney failure and ultimately death in the long run. It's best if you know someone with an alcoholic addition to try and intervene and get them help through a 12-step or alcoholics anonymous program.,open_qa What was the 97th Rifle Division,"The 97th Rifle Division was thrice formed as an infantry division of the Red Army, first as part of the prewar buildup of forces. The first formation was based on the pre-September 1939 shtat (table of organization and equipment) and the division was initially intended to serve in the fortifications along the border with Poland in western Ukraine. Beginning on September 17, 1939 it took part in the invasion of eastern Poland and then was moved north to join the 7th Army and later the 13th Army on the Karelian Isthmus during the Winter War against Finland where it saw action in the latter part of the struggle. Following this it returned to western Ukraine where it was on the border at the time of the German invasion in June 1941. At considerable cost it was able to retreat back to the Dniepr River south of Kiev during July and was still there as part of 26th Army when the Soviet forces in eastern Ukraine were largely surrounded and wiped out in September. The division was finally disbanded in late December.","The 97th Rifle Division was thrice formed as an infantry division of the Red Army, first as part of the prewar buildup of forces. The first formation was based on the pre-September 1939 shtat (table of organization and equipment) and the division was initially intended to serve in the fortifications along the border with Poland in western Ukraine. Beginning on September 17, 1939 it took part in the invasion of eastern Poland and then was moved north to join the 7th Army and later the 13th Army on the Karelian Isthmus during the Winter War against Finland where it saw action in the latter part of the struggle.",closed_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Giant Panda, Oviraptor",,"Oviraptor is extinct, Giant Panda is alive.",classification Who proposed the Gini coefficient as a measure of inequality of income or wealth?,"In economics, the Gini coefficient, also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality or the wealth inequality or the consumption inequality within a nation or a social group. It was developed by statistician and sociologist Corrado Gini. The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution, such as levels of income. A Gini coefficient of 0 reflects perfect equality, where all income or wealth values are the same, while a Gini coefficient of 1 (or 100%) reflects maximal inequality among values. For example, if everyone has the same income, the Gini coefficient will be 0. In contrast, a Gini coefficient of 1 indicates that within a group of people, a single individual has all the income or consumption, while all others have none. The Gini coefficient was proposed by Corrado Gini as a measure of inequality of income or wealth. For OECD countries, in the late 20th century, considering the effect of taxes and transfer payments, the income Gini coefficient ranged between 0.24 and 0.49, with Slovenia being the lowest and Mexico the highest. African countries had the highest pre-tax Gini coefficients in 2008–2009, with South Africa having the world's highest, estimated to be 0.63 to 0.7, although this figure drops to 0.52 after social assistance is taken into account, and drops again to 0.47 after taxation. The global income Gini coefficient in 2005 has been estimated to be between 0.61 and 0.68 by various sources.",The Gini coefficient was proposed by Corrado Gini as a measure of inequality of income or wealth.,summarization "In Frank Herbert's Dune novel, why is the spice valuable?","Sandworms are colossal, worm-like creatures that live on the desert planet Arrakis. The sandworms' larvae produce a drug called melange (known colloquially as ""the spice""), the most essential and valuable commodity in the universe because it makes safe and accurate interstellar travel possible. Melange deposits are found in the sand seas of Arrakis, where the sandworms live and hunt, and harvesting the spice from the sand is a dangerous activity because sandworms are aggressive and territorial. Harvesting vehicles must be airlifted in and out of the sand sea in order to evade sandworm attacks. The struggle over the production and supply of melange is a central theme of the Dune saga.","The spice is valuable because it is a scarce resource that is crucial to interstellar travel. The spice is scarce because it can be found only on planet Arrakis, and its extraction is difficult due to the presence of sandorms.",summarization "Which of the following are periodic elements: Ti, N, Pt, Fl, Zt, 1L, 2y, O, F, V, Y",,"The following are periodic elements: Ti, N, Pt, Fl, O, F, V, Y",classification "What is a ""frunk"" in an electric vehicle?",,"The frunk is the front trunk, which in an electric vehicle is typically used as additional storage space.",open_qa "From the following paragraph, what is the main conclusion about the halting problem?","In computability theory, the halting problem is the problem of determining, from a description of an arbitrary computer program and an input, whether the program will finish running, or continue to run forever. Alan Turing proved in 1936 that a general algorithm to solve the halting problem for all possible program–input pairs cannot exist. For any program f that might determine whether programs halt, a ""pathological"" program g, called with some input, can pass its own source and its input to f and then specifically do the opposite of what f predicts g will do. No f can exist that handles this case. A key part of the proof is a mathematical definition of a computer and program, which is known as a Turing machine; the halting problem is undecidable over Turing machines. It is one of the first cases of decision problems proven to be unsolvable. This proof is significant to practical computing efforts, defining a class of applications which no programming invention can possibly perform perfectly.",The halting problem is unsolvable.,summarization What are a few uses of pot (THC) gummies?,,"-Gummies are used medicinally for patients to cope with chronic pain -Gummies are used to self-medicate as a way to treat mental health issues such as depression and anxiety -Gummies are used to prevent seizures -Gummies are also used for fun, similar to how people use alcohol",brainstorming "If I give you a list of weapons, can you break them into melee and ranged. The list is knife, bow, axe, shotgun, mace, whip, rifle and cannon.",,"Melee weapons include the knife, axe, mace and whip. Ranged weapons include the bow, shotgun, rifle and cannon.",classification What is the Premier League?,,"The Premier League (legal name: The Football Association Premier League Limited) is the highest level of the English football league system. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League (EFL). Seasons typically run from August to May with each team playing 38 matches (playing all other teams both home and away). Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons, with occasional weekday evening fixtures. The competition was founded as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from the Football League founded in 1888; however, teams may still be relegated into and promoted from the EFL Championship. The Premier League takes advantage of a lucrative television rights sale to Sky: from 2019 to 2020, the league's accumulated television rights deals were worth around £3.1 billion a year, with Sky and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 128 and 32 games respectively. The Premier League is a corporation where chief executive Richard Masters is responsible for its management, whilst the member clubs act as shareholders. Clubs were apportioned central payment revenues of £2.4 billion in 2016–17, with a further £343 million in solidarity payments to English Football League (EFL) clubs. The Premier League is the most-watched sports league in the world, broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people. For the 2018–19 season, the average Premier League match attendance was at 38,181, second to the German Bundesliga's 43,500, while aggregated attendance across all matches is the highest of any association football league at 14,508,981. Most stadium occupancies are near capacity. The Premier League ranks first in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons as of 2021. The English top-flight has produced the second-highest number of UEFA Champions League/European Cup titles, with five English clubs having won fourteen European trophies in total. Fifty clubs have competed since the inception of the Premier League in 1992: forty-eight English and two Welsh clubs. Seven of them have won the title: Manchester United (13), Manchester City (6), Chelsea (5), Arsenal (3), Blackburn Rovers (1), Leicester City (1) and Liverpool (1).",open_qa What is insurance?,,"Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss in which, in exchange for a fee, a party agrees to compensate another party in the event of a certain loss, damage, or injury. It is a form of risk management, primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent or uncertain loss. An entity which provides insurance is known as an insurer, insurance company, insurance carrier, or underwriter. A person or entity who buys insurance is known as a policyholder, while a person or entity covered under the policy is called an insured. The insurance transaction involves the policyholder assuming a guaranteed, known, and relatively small loss in the form of a payment to the insurer (a premium) in exchange for the insurer's promise to compensate the insured in the event of a covered loss. The loss may or may not be financial, but it must be reducible to financial terms. Furthermore, it usually involves something in which the insured has an insurable interest established by ownership, possession, or pre-existing relationship.",open_qa What was Barthelemy Hus-Desforges famous for,"Barthélemy Hus, called Hus-Desforges (18 July 1699 in Bordeaux – 1 September 1786 in Lyon, aged 63) was an 18th-century French comedian and troupe leader. The son of maître à danser Jérôme Hus and Marguerite Pageot, called Desforges, he was the youngest member of the Hus family and with his brother François, directed a touring company known as the ""Hus brothers troupe."" Around 1722, he married Marie Anne Daguerre Ascorette, actress born in Namur (1709-1736). The couple had at least seven children who would be part of the troupe. On 27 January 1750, he married in Brussels his second wife, Louise Vivier de Courtenay, descendant of the famous Courtenay family. Barthélemy Hus-Desforges was the grandfather of musician Pierre-Louis Hus-Desforges (1773-1838).","Barthelemy Hus, called Hus-Desforges (18 July 1699 in Bordeaux – 1 September 1786 in Lyon, aged 63) was an 18th-century French comedian and troupe leader. The son of maitre a danser Jerome Hus and Marguerite Pageot, called Desforges, he was the youngest member of the Hus family and with his brother Francois, directed a touring company known as the ""Hus brothers troupe."" Around 1722, he married Marie Anne Daguerre Ascorette, actress born in Namur (1709-1736). The couple had at least seven children who would be part of the troupe. On 27 January 1750, he married in Brussels his second wife, Louise Vivier de Courtenay, descendant of the famous Courtenay family. Barthelemy Hus-Desforges was the grandfather of musician Pierre-Louis Hus-Desforges (1773-1838).",closed_qa What is the role of the coxswain?,"The coxswain (or simply the cox) is the member who steers the boat using rudder strings, and coordinates the power and rhythm of the rowers, by communicating to the crew, often through a device called a cox box and speakers. The cox usually sits in the stern of the boat facing the rowers but in bowloaders, usually seen in the coxed four and coxed pair types of boat, the coxswain lies in the bow.",A coxswain sits in the stern of a rowing boat. A coxswain steers using rudder strings and coordinates the rowers through speakers located throughout the boat.,summarization What is WestWorld?,"Westworld is an American dystopian science fiction western television series created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy that first aired on October 2, 2016, on HBO. It was based upon the 1973 film of the same name written and directed by Michael Crichton and loosely upon its 1976 sequel, Futureworld.","Westworld is an American dystopian science fiction western television series created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy that first aired on October 2, 2016, on HBO. It was based upon the 1973 film of the same name written and directed by Michael Crichton and loosely upon its 1976 sequel, Futureworld. The story begins in Westworld, a fictional, technologically advanced Wild-West-themed amusement park populated by android ""hosts"". The park caters to high-paying guests who may indulge their wildest fantasies within the park without fear of retaliation from the hosts, who are prevented by their programming from harming humans. Later on, the series' setting expands to the real world, in the mid-21st century, where people's lives are driven and controlled by a powerful artificial intelligence named Rehoboam. Nolan and Joy served as showrunners. The second, third and fourth season followed in April 2018, March 2020, and June 2022, respectively. Nolan and Joy planned a fifth and final season, and were in negotiations with HBO to produce it. However, in November 2022, it was announced that HBO had canceled the series. The series was removed from HBO Max on December 18, 2022. Westworld's debut on HBO had the network's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective, in 2014. Westworld's first season is the most-watched first season of any HBO original series. The first season also received critical acclaim and was highly praised for its performances, visuals, narrative, themes and soundtrack from Ramin Djawadi. Reception of the series declined from the second season onwards, with the scripts, characterization and narrative opacity being targeted for criticism; viewership ratings also diminished throughout its run. It has received numerous accolades, winning nine Primetime Emmy Awards out of 54 nominations. Thandiwe Newton won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2018.",information_extraction "Which of the following ski resorts are in Colorado and which are in Utah: Alta Ski Area, Brighton Ski Resort, Snowbird, Solitude Mountain Resort, Deer Valley Resort, Park City Mountain, Woodward Park City, Nordic Valley Resort, Powder Mountain, Snowbasin, Sundance Resort, Beaver Mountain Resort, Cherry Peak Resort, Brian Head Resort, Eagle Point Resort, Keystone, Copper Mountain, Vail Resort, Beaver Creek, Eldora",,"The following ski resorts are in Utah: Alta Ski Area, Brighton Ski Resort, Snowbird, Solitude Mountain Resort, Deer Valley Resort, Park City Mountain, Woodward Park City, Nordic Valley Resort, Powder Mountain, Snowbasin, Sundance Resort, Beaver Mountain Resort, Cherry Peak Resort, Brian Head Resort, Eagle Point Resort. The following ski resorts are in Colorado: Keystone, Copper Mountain, Vail Resort, Beaver Creek, Eldora",classification Name some famous Bollywood actors?,,"Some of famous Bollywood actors are Shah Rukh Khan, Salman Khan, Amitabh Bachchan, Aamir Khan etc.",open_qa "Which is an imperial or a metric measurement: gallon, litre",,"gallon is imperial, litre is metric",classification "Write a short letter to a dear friend who just lost their Mother, only six months after losing their father. Both of their parents were someone you and your family were also very close with.",,"There are no words to express our deepest sympathy at the passing of your Mother and our dear friend. She was the strongest woman with the biggest heart and always treated us as if we were her own. Her passing leaves a gapping hole in our hearts but know that we find peace knowing she is free from pain and reunited with your father, who we know was waiting to greet her with open arms. Our childhood was richer because of both of your parents and more memorable because of their love. We are so sorry that you lost your parents so close together and will forever remember them by their deep faith, their remarkable smiles and their love for everyone that was lucky enough to know them.",creative_writing "Given this paragraph about Chinese cuisine, tell me what are the sub-cuisines, and what made them different.","Chinese cuisine encompasses the numerous cuisines originating from China, as well as overseas cuisines created by the Chinese diaspora. Because of the Chinese diaspora and historical power of the country, Chinese cuisine has influenced many other cuisines in Asia and beyond, with modifications made to cater to local palates. Chinese food staples such as rice, soy sauce, noodles, tea, chili oil, and tofu, and utensils such as chopsticks and the wok, can now be found worldwide. The preferences for seasoning and cooking techniques of Chinese provinces depend on differences in social class, religion, historical background, and ethnic groups. Geographic features including mountains, rivers, forests, and deserts also have a strong effect on the local available ingredients, considering that the climate of China varies from tropical in the south to subarctic in the northeast. Imperial royal and noble preference also plays a role in the change of Chinese cuisine. Because of imperial expansion and trading, ingredients and cooking techniques from other cultures have been integrated into Chinese cuisines over time. There are numerous regional, religious, and ethnic styles of Chinese cuisine found within China and abroad. Chinese cuisine is highly diverse and most frequently categorized into provincial divisions, although these province-level classifications consist of many more styles within themselves. The most praised Four Great Traditions in Chinese cuisine are Chuan, Lu, Yue, and Huaiyang, representing cuisines of West, North, South, and East China, respectively. The modern Eight Cuisines of China are Anhui (徽菜; Huīcài), Guangdong (粤菜; Yuècài), Fujian (闽菜; Mǐncài), Hunan (湘菜; Xiāngcài), Jiangsu (苏菜; Sūcài), Shandong (鲁菜; Lǔcài), Sichuan (川菜; Chuāncài), and Zhejiang (浙菜; Zhècài) cuisines. A Quanjude cook is slicing Peking roast duck. Peking duck is eaten by rolling pieces of duck with scallion, cucumber and sweet bean sauce using steamed pancakes. Color, scent and taste are the three traditional aspects used to describe Chinese food, as well as the meaning, appearance, and nutrition of the food. Cooking should be appraised with respect to the ingredients used, knife work, cooking time, and seasoning.","The modern Chinese cuisine were broken down into 8 different styles of local cuisine, which are Anhui, Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan , Jiangsu , Shandong, Sichuan, and Zhejiang cuisines. They are different because of many reasons, such as geographic features and climate which shaped the locals to specialize in certain ingredients or flavors, as well as religion and ethnic groups.",closed_qa Who is the Chinese Li Xueju,"Li Xueju (simplified Chinese: 李学举; traditional Chinese: 李學舉; pinyin: Lǐ Xuéjǔ; born April 1945) is a politician of the People's Republic of China, and the former Minister of Civil Affairs of PRC. Born in Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, Li joined the Chinese Communist Party in January 1966, and started working in May 1966. In early years, he served in various posts in local commune. In 1975, he was promoted to Secretary of Communist Youth League committee in Siping region of Jilin. From 1978, he served as vice section chief, vice director and later, director of organization department of CYL central committee. From 1984 to 1986, he studied at CCP Central Party School. In 1986, he was appointed as the director of general office of CYL central committee. He was a member of 10th CYL central committee, and a standing member of 11th and 12th CYL central committee.","Li Xueju born April 1945 is a politician of the People's Republic of China, and the former Minister of Civil Affairs of PRC. Born in Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, Li joined the Chinese Communist Party in January 1966, and started working in May 1966. In early years, he served in various posts in local commune. In 1975, he was promoted to Secretary of Communist Youth League committee in Siping region of Jilin. From 1978, he served as vice section chief, vice director and later, director of organization department of CYL central committee. From 1984 to 1986, he studied at CCP Central Party School. In 1986, he was appointed as the director of general office of CYL central committee. He was a member of 10th CYL central committee, and a standing member of 11th and 12th CYL central committee.",closed_qa Does Davos have a good hockey team,"Hockey Club Davos is a professional Swiss ice hockey club based in Davos, Switzerland. Davos plays in the National League (NL). It is generally referred to by its abbreviation ""HCD"" by the fans. The team is usually a strong force in the league and often bolster their roster with Swiss national team players and players who once played for National Hockey League teams. HC Davos also has hosted the annual Spengler Cup tournament, an invitational competition, since 1923. The team had the lowest attendance of the National League for the 2016–17 season, averaging 4,792 spectators over their 25 regular season home games. History HC Davos was founded in 1921. In 1923, Davos presented the first Spengler Cup, one of the oldest tournaments in sports still being played. HC Davos was led by a forward line known as ""The ni-storm"" (German: Der ni-sturm) from 1933 to 1950, which included Bibi Torriani, along with brothers Hans Cattini and Ferdinand Cattini. The line was named for the last syllable (-ni) of players' surnames. The ni-storm was regarded as the top line of HC Davos and the Switzerland men's national ice hockey team from 1933 to 1950. During this time, the club won 18 Swiss championships, and six Spengler Cups. The team was relegated into 1. Liga in 1990, one of the lowest points in its history. After a new beginning, the club moved into the Swiss League, and two years later returned to the NL. Davos has been among the best teams in the league since, with recent league championships in 2002, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2015.[citation needed]","Davos indeed has an excellent hockey team and a record of most Swiss national titles. Hockey Club Davos is a professional Swiss ice hockey club based in Davos, Switzerland. Davos plays in the National League (NL). It is generally referred to by its abbreviation ""HCD"" by the fans. The team is usually a strong force in the league and often bolster their roster with Swiss national team players and players who once played for National Hockey League teams. HC Davos also has hosted the annual Spengler Cup tournament, an invitational competition, since 1923. The team had the lowest attendance of the National League for the 2016–17 season, averaging 4,792 spectators over their 25 regular season home games. History HC Davos was founded in 1921. In 1923, Davos presented the first Spengler Cup, one of the oldest tournaments in sports still being played. HC Davos was led by a forward line known as ""The ni-storm"" (German: Der ni-sturm) from 1933 to 1950, which included Bibi Torriani, along with brothers Hans Cattini and Ferdinand Cattini. The line was named for the last syllable (-ni) of players' surnames. The ni-storm was regarded as the top line of HC Davos and the Switzerland men's national ice hockey team from 1933 to 1950. During this time, the club won 18 Swiss championships, and six Spengler Cups. The team was relegated into 1. Liga in 1990, one of the lowest points in its history. After a new beginning, the club moved into the Swiss League, and two years later returned to the NL. Davos has been among the best teams in the league since, with recent league championships in 2002, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2015.",closed_qa What are some reasons you might be late to a party?,,"Traffic, leaving work late, having to stop for gas",brainstorming What is the name of Dorothy's dog?,,Dorothy's dog is named Toto,open_qa Why f1 drivers earn so much,,Because of the risk factor and popularity of this sport,brainstorming What is C#?,,"C# (pronounced C sharp)is a general-purpose high-level programming language supporting multiple paradigms. C# encompasses static typing, strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about South Korea, which body of water forms the country's western border and which body of water borders it's eastern border?","South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea. The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. South Korea claims to be the sole legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. It has a population of 51.75 million, of which roughly half live in the Seoul Capital Area, the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the world. Other major cities include Incheon, Busan, and Daegu.","The western border of South Korea is formed by the Yellow Sea, while the eastern border is formed by the Sea of Japan.",closed_qa Put yourself in the place of a consumer who is considering the purchase of a new car. What sources of information would you use to evaluate your options during ZMOT (Zero moment of truth)?,,"Car brand websites: After deciding on a car category (compact SUV), I would visit the different car brand websites to understand the offering. I would start comparing the car's various attributes, like engine/battery power, mileage/range, colors, upgrade options, safety features, etc., from the website. YouTube reviews: I would watch a few car review video guides on YouTube to speed up the car-buying process and narrow down the list to a few options. Price estimates: Once I narrowed it down to a few options, I would obtain a price estimate by sourcing information from KBB.com or TrueCar.com.  Check dealer inventory & quotes: With a price estimate, I would start contacting the dealers or configure to price (for Tesla). Alternatively, I would keep checking the dealer’s inventory to see if there is an overstock of a particular car color/model for which I can get a better deal.",creative_writing What is Acyl-CoA?,,"Acyl-CoA is a group of coenzymes that metabolize fatty acids. Acyl-CoA's are susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP, the universal biochemical energy carrier.",open_qa "If your child has been told that he or she has lice, what should you do?",,"The first thing is to buy a shampoo that is made to kill the lice. Lice only live on human scalps, and they lay tiny white eggs called nits. Once lice and/or nits are visually identified, immediately use the lice shampoo to thoroughly wash and clean the hair and scalp of your child. After the cleaning, carefully comb out the hair with a special nit comb, which has metal teeth very close together to most effectively get rid of the lice and the eggs. After shampooing and combing out, make sure to wash all bedding and any other furniture or rugs where there may have been head-to-fabric contact. Pillows and bedding must also be washed; if washing is not possible, then put the objects or fabrics in a plastic bag and store in a closet or garage for two weeks. Check for any itching after cleaning and combing out the hair, and re-apply the shampoo if either lice or eggs are detected again.",open_qa What is a lepton?,,"A lepton is an elementary particle that interacts via the weak force and has a half-integer spin. Examples of leptons include the electron, muon and tau particles and their corresponding neutrinos - the electron neutrino, the muon neutron and the tau neutrino.",open_qa "Identify which car manufacturer is Japanese or American: Dodge, Subaru",,"Dodge is American, Subaru is Japanese",classification "Based on the provided passage, extract the main reason that the Rocky Mountain Locust went extinct.","Rocky Mountain locusts caused farm damage in Maine from 1743 to 1756 and Vermont in 1797–1798. The locusts became more of a problem in the 19th century, as farming expanded westward into the grasshoppers' favored habitat. Outbreaks of varying severity emerged in 1828, 1838, 1846, and 1855, affecting areas throughout the West. Plagues visited Minnesota in 1856–1857 and again in 1865, and Nebraska suffered repeated infestations between 1856 and 1874. 1875 cartoon by Henry Worrall showing Kansas farmers battling giant grasshoppers The last major swarms of Rocky Mountain locust were between 1873 and 1877, when the locust caused $200 million in crop damage in Colorado, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska and other states. One farmer reported that the locusts seemed ""like a great white cloud, like a snowstorm, blocking out the sun like vapor"". The locusts ate not only the grass and valuable crops, but also leather, wood, sheep's wool, and—in extreme cases—even clothes off peoples' backs. Trains were sometimes brought to a halt after skidding over large numbers of locusts run over on the rails. As the swarms worsened, farmers attempted to control them using gunpowder, fires (sometimes dug in trenches to burn as many of the locusts as possible), smearing them with ""hopperdozers"", a type of plow device pulled behind horses that had a shield that knocked jumping locusts into a pan of liquid poison or fuel, even sucking them into vacuum cleaner–like contraptions, but all of these were ultimately ineffective in stopping the hordes. Charles Valentine Riley, a Missouri entomologist, came up with a recipe for locusts seasoned with salt and pepper and pan-fried in butter. The recipe sold, but some stated that they ""would just as soon starve as eat those horrible creatures"". Farmers finally responded in force to the swarm's destruction; an 1877 Nebraska law said that anyone between the ages of 16 and 60 had to work at least two days eliminating locusts at hatching time or face a $10 fine. That same year Missouri offered a bounty of $1 a bushel for locusts collected in March, 50 cents a bushel in April, 25 cents in May, and 10 cents in June. Other Great Plains states made similar bounty offers. In the 1880s farmers had recovered sufficiently from their locust woes to be able to send carloads of corn to flood victims in Ohio. They also switched to such resilient crops as winter wheat, which matured in the early summer, before locusts were able to migrate. These new agricultural practices effectively reduced the threat of locusts and greatly contributed to the species' downfall. It has been hypothesized that plowing and irrigation by settlers as well as trampling by cattle and other farm animals near streams and rivers in the Rocky Mountains destroyed their eggs in the areas they permanently lived, which ultimately caused their demise. For example, reports from this era suggest that farmers killed over 150 egg cases per square inch while plowing, harrowing or flooding.: 11–12  It appeared that this species lived and reproduced in the prairie only temporarily during swarming years, with each generation being smaller than the previous one and swarming ever further from the Rocky Mountains, while the permanent breeding grounds of this species seemed to be restricted to an area somewhere between 3 and 3,000 square miles of sandy soils near streams and rivers in the Rockies, which coincided with arable and pastoral lands exploited by settlers. Because locusts are a form of grasshopper that appear when grasshopper populations reach high densities, it was theorized that M. spretus might not be extinct, that ""solitary phase"" individuals of a migratory grasshopper might be able to turn into the Rocky Mountain locust given the right environmental conditions; however, breeding experiments using many grasshopper species in high-density environments failed to invoke the famous insect. The status of M. spretus as a distinct species was confirmed by a 2004 DNA analysis of North American species of the genus Melanoplus. Melanoplus spretus was formally declared extinct by the IUCN in 2014. It has been suggested that the now critically endangered Eskimo curlew fed on the locust during its spring migration and that its extinction may have added to the pressures on already declining curlew populations including hunting and the conversion of its grassland habitat to agriculture.","The Rocky Mountain Locust went extinct as a result of local farmers irrigating and plowing their habitat, which destroyed their eggs led to their demise.",information_extraction "Which of the following animals is a marsupial: kangaroo, zebra, or elephant?",,"Of the animals listed, kangaroo is the only marsupial.",classification What was the app after the second app released by YouTube?,"Through this period, YouTube tried several new ways to generate revenue beyond advertisements. In 2013, YouTube launched a pilot program for content providers to offer premium, subscription-based channels. This effort was discontinued in January 2018 and relaunched in June, with US$4.99 channel subscriptions. These channel subscriptions complemented the existing Super Chat ability, launched in 2017, which allows viewers to donate between $1 and $500 to have their comment highlighted. In 2014, YouTube announced a subscription service known as ""Music Key,"" which bundled ad-free streaming of music content on YouTube with the existing Google Play Music service. The service continued to evolve in 2015 when YouTube announced YouTube Red, a new premium service that would offer ad-free access to all content on the platform (succeeding the Music Key service released the previous year), premium original series, and films produced by YouTube personalities, as well as background playback of content on mobile devices. YouTube also released YouTube Music, a third app oriented towards streaming and discovering the music content hosted on the YouTube platform.","The third app released by YouTube was YouTube Music, which oriented towards streaming and discovering the music content hosted on the YouTube platform",summarization What makes a good teacher?,,"Throughout history ‘what makes a good teacher?’ has constantly been questioned by both parents and children. Many consider a good teacher to be one who is caring, helpful, yet also strict when necessary. One book that focuses on what makes a good teacher is Our day out, by Willy Russel. The book provided people in the 1970s with a perspective on what both children and parents were looking for, inspiring many British teachers. According to Russel, a good teacher cares for the learning of their students and demonstrates it. If a teacher does not demonstrate caring behavior, their students will sense it. Carol, one of the students says to Mr.Briggs “Don't lie, you! I know you hate me. I've seen you goin' home in your car, passin' us on the street. You hate all the kids.” (Russell 48). Carol believes that Mr. Briggs does not care about his students, even though he does as shown earlier in the book: “Briggs: What? About you? Listen ... if I didn't care, why am I here, now, trying to stop you doing something stupid.” (Russell 48). Mr Briggs believes that caring for students implies also disciplining them at times. “Listen, I'm not going to spend any more time arguing with you. You may have organized this visit, but I'm the one who's been sent by the Headmaster to supervise. Now, either you take control of the children in your charge or I'll be forced to abandon this visit and order everyone home.” Thus, even if a teacher cares about their students, they should demonstrate it. Opinions from students of different ages will help further illustrate the image of a good teacher. Many people think that a good teacher is primarily kind and loving. However, through multiple interviews it appeared to be only partially true. A good teacher, according to most students, is not overly kind and should apply discipline when needed. For example, 12 year old Monon Mukherjee said that he looks for guidance and ability to teach in a teacher. On the other hand, 40 year old Bilal Aslam looks for discipline and ability to teach. 42 year old Cristian Molina also agrees with the need for discipline, however he also expects teachers to feel an urge to help students no matter who they are. The book and the interviews intersect in many ways. They both highlight the importance of kindness, caring for learning, and teacher’s ability to discipline. However, they also differ in important ways. In the book, teachers were encouraged to be kind and apply discipline when necessary, but through the interviews it has been shown that providing help and guidance are also expected in a good teacher. In conclusion, a good teacher cares about their students' learning, is prepared to help them, yet also disciplines them when necessary. A good teacher should feel an urge to teach students and guide them through the complex path of life.",creative_writing What is sphingosine?,,"Sphingosine (2-amino-4-trans-octadecene-1,3-diol) is an 18-carbon amino alcohol with an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, which forms a primary part of sphingolipids, a class of cell membrane lipids that include sphingomyelin, an important phospholipid.",open_qa Who won a gold medal alongside Waters in the coxed four?,"A member of the Hamilton Rowing Club, Waters began rowing as a 17-year-old. In 1929 he was a member of the Hamilton four that won the national championship. In March of the following year, he participated in a trial race for selection of the New Zealand team to compete at the 1930 British Empire Games in Hamilton, Ontario, but was not initially chosen for the 12-man squad. However, he was included in the final squad selected in late June, and competed in both the men's eight and coxed four at the 1930 Empire Games. He won a gold medal in the coxed four, alongside Mick Brough, Jack Macdonald, Bert Sandos, and Arthur Eastwood (cox), and a silver medal in the eights, finishing three-quarters of a boat length behind the victorious English crew.","Mick Brough, Jack Macdonald, Bert Sandos, and Arthur Eastwood won a gold medal alongside Waters in the coxed four.",closed_qa What are the key signs of slow development for a 12-month infant?,,"* Can't sit up from bed * Can't stand without support * Can't walk with support * Haven't grown teeth. * Really fussy at night. * Resist solid food or choke on solid food. * Can't say word like dada, gaga, kaka, baba, mama. * Don't react to his/her name. * Don't recognize his/her caregivers. * Still need to take two naps a day.",brainstorming From the passage note down the various stars of the movie Rise of the Planet of the Apes. List the results in comma separated format.,"Rise of the Planet of the Apes is a 2011 American science fiction film directed by Rupert Wyatt and written by Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver. The film is a reboot of the Planet of the Apes film series and its seventh installment overall. It stars Andy Serkis as Caesar, alongside James Franco, Freida Pinto, John Lithgow, Brian Cox, Tom Felton, and David Oyelowo. In the film, Caesar, a chimpanzee genetically enhanced and raised by William Rodman (Franco), goes from son to sheltered, and eventually leads an ape uprising against members of humanity.Rise of the Planet of the Apes first entered development in 2006 when Jaffa and Silver wrote a spec script and sold it to 20th Century Fox, the producers and distributors of the original film series. Production struggled until Franco, Serkis, and Wyatt were hired by late 2009, and principal photography started in July 2010 and finished that September, with filming locations including Vancouver, San Francisco, and Oahu. The apes were created using extensive visual effects and performance capture commissioned by Weta Digital.","Andy Serkis, James Franco, Freida Pinto, John Lithgow, Brian Cox, Tom Felton, David Oyelowo",information_extraction Provide a list of diseases which spread in the Diamond Princess and the virus that caused them. Use bulleted list in the format ‘Disease Name - Virus Name - year’.,"Diamond Princess is a British-registered cruise ship owned and operated by Princess Cruises. She began operation in March 2004 and primarily cruises in Asia during the northern hemisphere summer and Australia during the southern hemisphere summer. She is a subclassed Grand-class ship, which is also known as a Gem-class ship. Diamond Princess and her sister ship, Sapphire Princess, are the widest subclass of Grand-class ships, as they have a 37.5-metre (123 ft 0 in) beam, while all other Grand-class ships have a beam of 36 metres (118 ft 1 in). Diamond Princess and Sapphire Princess were both built in Nagasaki, Japan, by Mitsubishi Industries. There have been two notable outbreaks of infectious disease on the ship – an outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus in 2016 and an outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in 2020. In the latter incident, the ship was quarantined for nearly a month with her passengers on board, and her passengers and crew were subject to further quarantine after disembarking. At least 712 out of the 3,711 passengers and crew were infected, and by mid-April 2020 nine had died.","Gastroenteritis - norovirus - 2016 COVID-19 - SARS-CoV-2 - 2020",information_extraction What is the current best TV show?,,"Ted Lasso because of it's heart wrenching plot, amazingly developed characters & an overall positive message. It also provides example of relatability in the characters to your own personal life.",open_qa "Which of these are woodworking handtools: plane, spokeshave, drill, table saw, chisel, bandsaw",,"Woodoworking handtools are classified by the lack of motorized capabilities. Thus is you can use it without an external source of power, it's a handtool! Planes, spokeshaves, chisels are examples of that, whilst the others (table saw, drill, band saw) all require a source of energy to be used.",classification What is the primary advantage of a hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle?,,"No tailpipe emissions, emit only water vapour and warm air, fastest charging technology, Refilling of hydrogen very fast, Environment friendly",open_qa Give me some ideas for different TV shows that I can recommend to my parents?,,"That depends on what type of TV shows your parents enjoy, but here are a few shows that are popular among older adults and so would likely be enjoyed by your parents. Yellowstone, Gaslit, Schitt's Creek, The Crown and The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel.",brainstorming What would you suggest as to how someone could sell a bike?,,"There are a number of ways to sell a bike. The simplest way is to ask friends or family if someone would be interested in purchasing, next look at your closest community. Usually in apartments, or even in towns, there are community noticeboards that you could use to advertise your bike. Finally, there are many online community sites on platforms such as Facebook, where you could list your bike for sale.",brainstorming What are the 4 best ski resorts in New England.,,"Jay Peak, Sugarloaf, Burke Mountain, Loon Mountain",brainstorming "What are five totally distinct, creative ways to describe the usefulness of a child's imagination?",,"1. A child's imagination is a powerful tool, allowing them to create anything they can dream up. 2. A child's imagination can be a source of great joy and wonder. 3. A child's imagination is a source of endless creativity. 4. A child's imagination can be used to develop problem-solving skills. 5. A child's imagination can help them understand the world around them.",brainstorming Who was Svea Kristina Frisch,"Svea Kristina Frisch (15 June 1898 in Ramsberg, Örebro county – 1991), known as Kristina Lindstrand, was a Swedish actor, journalist, author, and poet. Her first marriage was during 1922–1927 with the actor and director Ivar Kåge, and the second (1929–1946) was with the painter Vicke Lindstrand. She moved from Sweden to Italy in 1969.","Svea Kristina Frisch (15 June 1898 in Ramsberg, Oerebro county– 1991), known as Kristina Lindstrand, was a Swedish actor, journalist, author, and poet.",closed_qa How can I be more productive?,,"The best way to be productive is to starting ""doing"" rather than ""thinking"" * Set small goals * Reward yourself for completing those small goals, small rewards like taking a break, eating your favourite snack, spending time with your kid. * Do not multi-task because we really can not. * Create a list of things to do and strike it off one by one. Do not get overwhelmed by the list. * If you can delegate something do that, but make sure to follow up. * Actually there is a course by David Allen on LinkedIn Learning or you can also read his book ""Getting Things Done"" it tells you about a 5 step process. Capture , Clarify, Organize, Review, Engage. * And anything that can be done in 2 minutes, just finish it off. Starting with one small thing, will make you productive. It is like a dominos, you change one keystone habit and it changes all the others eventually.",brainstorming Can you write down some different boroughs of New York City?,,"Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn, Staten Island and Manhattan",brainstorming is Aadhaar a proof of residence or of citizenship?,"Aadhaar is a 12-digit unique identity number that can be obtained voluntarily by the citizens of India and resident foreign nationals who have spent over 182 days in twelve months immediately preceding the date of application for enrolment, based on their biometric and demographic data. The data is collected by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), a statutory authority established in January 2009 by the Government of India, under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, following the provisions of the Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and other Subsidies, benefits and services) Act, 2016. Aadhaar is the world's largest biometric ID system. World Bank Chief Economist Paul Romer described Aadhaar as ""the most sophisticated ID programme in the world"". Considered a proof of residence and not a proof of citizenship, Aadhaar does not itself grant any rights to domicile in India. In June 2017, the Home Ministry clarified that Aadhaar is not a valid identification document for Indians travelling to Nepal and Bhutan. Prior to the enactment of the Act, the UIDAI had functioned, since 28 January 2009, as an attached office of the Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog). On 3 March 2016, a money bill was introduced in the Parliament to give legislative backing to Aadhaar. On 11 March 2016, the Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and other Subsidies, benefits and services) Act, 2016, was passed in the Lok Sabha.","Considered a proof of residence and not a proof of citizenship, Aadhaar does not itself grant any rights to domicile in India.",summarization What is Augusta National Golf Club?,"Augusta National Golf Club was founded by Bobby Jones and Clifford Roberts, the course was designed by Jones and Alister MacKenzie and opened for play in 1932. Since 1934, the club has played host to the annual Masters Tournament, one of the four men's major championships in professional golf, and the only major played each year at the same course. It was the top-ranked course in Golf Digest's 2009 list of America's 100 greatest courses and was the number ten-ranked course based on course architecture on Golfweek Magazine's 2011 list of best classic courses in the United States","Augusta National Golf Club, sometimes referred to as Augusta is a private Golf Club in Augusta Georgia that was opened in 1932. Augusta is famously known for hosting the Masters Tournament which is one of the four men's major championships in professional golf, and the only major played each year at the same course.",summarization What are some ideas for a birthday celebration for a 4 year-old boy?,,"Birthday celebrations for 4 year-old boys are a great occasion to bring people together and make the birthday boy feel loved. Here are some great ideas that may be perfect for the 4 year old in your life: 1. Pool Party - If you have access to a pool, having your party with the pool being the centerpiece is great fun. The kids can swim and splash while the parents visit together on the deck. Food, drink and birthday cake are essential to the fun! Just be thoughtful about keeping the eating and swimming as two distinct activities during the party. 2. Pizza making party - This is great for the kids and the parents alike. You can get fresh pizza dough from most any grocery store. Have bowls of sauce, mozzarella cheese, meats, and vegetables that each member of the party can choose the ingredients they want on their pizza. Let each person make their own. Have the oven hot and ready to cook the pizzas as your guests prepare their own special concoction. While people are waiting, you can do things like have games, have a sing-a-long, or just visit. 3. Outdoor organized games - Pick four or five organized games and have some of the adults be the facilitators. Divide the attendees into teams, mix the teams up and just make sure everyone is being included. After the games, or at a halfway mark, break for food and cake! These are just a few ideas. Let your imagination run freely. Anything that creates fun, includes everyone, makes the birthday boy feel loved and includes food, you'll have a winning celebration!",brainstorming Where is the economic independence museum located,"Isbank Museum is a museum in Ankara, Turkey. The official name of the museum is ""Economic Independence Museum"" (Türkiye İş Bankası İktisadi Bağımsızlık Müzesi) This is the second museum of the bank the first being the İşbank Museum in İstanbul. The museum is in Ulus Square facing the Victory Monument at 39°56′34″N 32°51′17″E.","The Isbank Museum is a museum in Ankara, Turkey. The official name of the museum is Economic Independence Museum. This is the second museum of the bank the first being the Isbank Museum in Istanbul. The museum is in Ulus Square facing the Victory Monument at 39°56′34″N 32°51′17″E.",summarization What is a derivative in finance?,,"In finance, a derivative is a contract that derives its value from the performance of an underlying entity. This underlying entity can be an asset, index, or interest rate, and is often simply called the ""underlying"". Derivatives can be used for a number of purposes, including insuring against price movements (hedging), increasing exposure to price movements for speculation, or getting access to otherwise hard-to-trade assets or markets.",open_qa List the sectoral weightage allocation in Nifty 50 as mentioned in the above passage. Use the format ‘Sector Name - Percentage’ in a numbered list to depict the results and also sort the result based on highest allocation percentage to the lowest.,"The NIFTY 50 is a benchmark Indian stock market index that represents the weighted average of 50 of the largest Indian companies listed on the National Stock Exchange. Nifty 50 is owned and managed by NSE Indices (previously known as India Index Services & Products Limited), which is a wholly owned subsidiary of the NSE Strategic Investment Corporation Limited. NSE Indices had a marketing and licensing agreement with Standard & Poor's for co-branding equity indices until 2013. The Nifty 50 index was launched on 22 April 1996, and is one of the many stock indices of Nifty. The NIFTY 50 index has shaped up to be the largest single financial product in India, with an ecosystem consisting of exchange-traded funds (onshore and offshore), and futures and options at NSE and SGX. NIFTY 50 is the world's most actively traded contract. WFE, IOM and FIA surveys endorse NSE's leadership position. Between 2008 & 2012, the NIFTY 50 index's share of NSE market fell from 65% to 29% due to the rise of sectoral indices like NIFTY Bank, NIFTY IT, NIFTY Pharma, and NIFTY Next 50. The NIFTY 50 index covers 13 sectors of the Indian economy and offers investment managers exposure to the Indian market in one portfolio. As of January 2023, NIFTY 50 gives a weightage of 36.81% to financial services including banking, 14.70% to IT, 12.17% to oil and gas, 9.02% to consumer goods, and 5.84% to automobiles.","1. financial services - 36.81% 2. IT - 14.70% 3. oil and gas - 12.17% 4. consumer goods - 9.02% 5. automobiles - 5.84%",information_extraction What do you think about Lake Tahoe as a destination to rent a cabin either for summer or winter?,,"I have been to Lake Tahoe a couple of times, both in winter. It is a beautiful destination to rent a cabin, and during winter the snow, the mountains and the overall atmosphere is great as a destination to enjoy with friends and family. I have not been there during summer though, however I did hear that when the snow melts there is a whole other world of trails for hiking, biking and walking that are not visible during winter.",creative_writing Why is the indictment of a former President such a divisive topic in the United States?,,"You need to look at both the micro and macro implications to fully understand this topic. The micro implications are very specific to the case(s) being brought and therefore won't be covered here. The key macro implication of indicting a former President is the risk that the criminal justice system becomes a tool to persecute political opponents (former, current OR potential) by whichever person or party is in power. There are several examples of this in other countries throughout history. That being said, there are just as many examples of countries indicting former presidents without any sign of abuse. In fact, it can be an important part of the ""checks and balances"" of a democracy (see France, South Korea, etc.) One of the factors you can look at when determining if the justice system is being abused or not is the number of cases/indictments being brought against the former head of government. When the number of cases is low, there is a higher likelihood of abuse. But when the number of cases is high and for a diverse number of reasons, the likelihood of abuse is lower.",brainstorming how does the java virtual machine work?,,"the java virtual machine or JVM works by providing a virtual set of instructions and facilities that Java programs rely on to run. It then translates these virtual instructions run by the program into instructions that can be run by the underlying system or hardware. As one of the major design goals of Java from its origins was to provide portability of code, this capability allows all java programs to be compiled only for the specifications of the Java Virtual Machine, with the guarantee that those programs will run on any system or hardware platform that has an available Java Virtual Machine that runs on it.",open_qa Share some information regarding the Red Telephone box from the given text,"From 1926 onwards, the fascias of the kiosks were emblazoned with a prominent crown, representing the British government. The red phone box is often seen as a British cultural icon throughout the world. In 2006, the K2 telephone box was voted one of Britain's top 10 design icons, which included the Mini, Supermarine Spitfire, London tube map, World Wide Web, Concorde and the AEC Routemaster bus. In 2009, the K2 was selected by the Royal Mail for their ""British Design Classics"" commemorative postage stamp issue.","1. The fascias of the kiosks began to bear a conspicuous crown, which stood in for the British government, in 1926. 2. The red phone box is very often seen as a British cultural icon all over the world. 3. In the year 2006, the K2 telephone box was voted one of Britain's top 10 design icons, which included the Mini, Supermarine Spitfire, London tube map, World Wide Web, Concorde and the AEC Routemaster bus. 4. In the year 2009, the K2 was selected by the Royal Mail for their ""British Design Classics"" commemorative postage stamp issue.",summarization "Given this passage about the human heart, tell me about the major structural features of the human heart as well as the primary purpose of the organ.","The heart is a muscular organ in most animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide to the lungs. In humans, the heart is approximately the size of a closed fist and is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest, called mediastinum . In humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper left and right atria and lower left and right ventricles. Commonly the right atrium and ventricle are referred together as the right heart and their left counterparts as the left heart. Fish, in contrast, have two chambers, an atrium and a ventricle, while most reptiles have three chambers. In a healthy heart blood flows one way through the heart due to heart valves, which prevent backflow. The heart is enclosed in a protective sac, the pericardium, which also contains a small amount of fluid. The wall of the heart is made up of three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.","The major structural features of the human heart are its four chambers for pumping blood. The heart is commonly viewed as having a left side and a right side, with each side comprising two chambers -- an atrium and a ventricle. The four total chambers make up the organ's primary structural features. Together, they are responsible for maintaining blood flow throughout the body via the circulatory system. The heart is also responsible for moving waste products through the bloodstream to the organs that process them.",closed_qa "Write a short, polite but forceful letter to the City of Toronto requesting they waive their assessed penalty for late submission of the annual home vacancy declaration, which was impossible to file due to an overwhelmed web portal and incorrect backend data for my home.",,"To Whom It May Concern: I was unable to complete the filing of my home vacancy declaration by the deadline, and was assessed a penalty for the late submission. I faced numerous problems during submission due to your overwhelmed web portal, and even once I passed that barrier, I then faced incorrect data about my account that made it impossible to complete the process. I would appreciate if you would waive the assessed penalty due to these circumstances. I sympathesize with the difficulties you faced with the roll out of this system, and look forward to what will surely be a smoother process next year. Sincerely, Signed.",creative_writing What is Grace Hopper known for?,,"Grace Hopper was the first person to create a compiler for a programming language and one of the first programmers of the Harvard Mark I computer, an electro-mechanical computer based on Analytical Engine. Hopper's work with computers started in 1943, when she started working at the Bureau of Ordnance's Computation Project at Harvard where she programmed the Harvard Mark I. Hopper not only programmed the computer, but created a 500-page comprehensive manual for it. Even though Hopper created the manual, which was widely cited and published, she was not specifically credited in it. Hopper is often credited with the coining of the term ""bug"" and ""debugging"" when a moth caused the Mark II to malfunction. While a moth was found and the process of removing it called ""debugging,"" the terms were already part of the language of programmers.",classification "Classify the below aircrafts based on their utility. F-35, F-22, J-20, Su-57 and the F/A-18, Airbus A380, Boeing 747-8",,"Fighter jets - F-35, F-22, J-20, Su-57 and the F/A-18 Passanger aircrafts - Airbus A380 and Boeing 747-8",classification Summarize what GDP means as well as what it is and is not used for.,"Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold in a specific time period by a country or countries, generally ""without double counting the intermediate goods and services used up to produce them"".[citation needed] GDP is most often used by the government of a single country to measure its economic health. Due to its complex and subjective nature, this measure is often revised before being considered a reliable indicator.[citation needed] GDP (nominal) per capita does not, however, reflect differences in the cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries; therefore, using a basis of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) may be more useful when comparing living standards between nations, while nominal GDP is more useful comparing national economies on the international market. Total GDP can also be broken down into the contribution of each industry or sector of the economy. The ratio of GDP to the total population of the region is the per capita GDP (also called the Mean Standard of Living). GDP definitions are maintained by a number of national and international economic organizations. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defines GDP as ""an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident and institutional units engaged in production and services (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs)"". An IMF publication states that, ""GDP measures the monetary value of final goods and services—that are bought by the final user—produced in a country in a given period of time (say a quarter or a year)."" GDP is often used as a metric for international comparisons as well as a broad measure of economic progress. It is often considered to be the world's most powerful statistical indicator of national development and progress. However, critics of the growth imperative often argue that GDP measures were never intended to measure progress, and leave out key other externalities, such as resource extraction, environmental impact and unpaid domestic work. Critics frequently propose alternative economic models such as doughnut economics which use other measures of success or alternative indicators such as the OECD's Better Life Index as better approaches to measuring the effect of the economy on human development and well being.","Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a measurement of all of the goods and services sold in a specific country over a specific time period. It is used as a metric for economic health, economic progress, and for international comparisons. GDP is not a used to measure cost of living differences and inflation rates between countries.",summarization What is a Limited company?,,"This type of company limits how much its members will have to pay if the company is wound up. The members of most limited companies will only have to pay any money unpaid on their shares. If a company limited by guarantee is wound up, the money its members have to pay is limited to the amount shown in the memorandum.",open_qa What are some unique curtain tie backs that you can make yourself?,,"There are many items you can use to make a curtain tie back. Some ideas for this include a chain, a circle and pin, jute rope, wooden beaded rope, a necklack or bracelet, a door knob, a length of a leather belt, macrame rope, or a string of artificial flowers.",brainstorming Provide a bulleted list of reasons why Tesla stock could go up in the future.,,"The following are reasons why Tesla stock could go up in the future: 1. Governments incentivizing citizens to purchase electric cars 2. Increased production of the Model S, 3, X, and Y 3. Launch of Tesla Cyber Truck 4. Launch of a cheaper, more widely used Tesla Model 5. Opening of more Giga Factories 6. Enhanced production capacity at current giga factories 7. Expansion of solar deployments 8. Expansion of the super charger network 9. Expansion of megapack deployments 10. Expansion of the Tesla insurance program 11. Improvement to full self driving 12. Launch of a robotaxi network.",brainstorming what is use of cryogenics in virology ?,"Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is one of the most common methods to determine the physical and chemical properties of atoms by detecting the radio frequency absorbed and subsequent relaxation of nuclei in a magnetic field. This is one of the most commonly used characterisation techniques and has applications in numerous fields. Primarily, the strong magnetic fields are generated by supercooling electromagnets, although there are spectrometers that do not require cryogens. In traditional superconducting solenoids, liquid helium is used to cool the inner coils because it has a boiling point of around 4 K at ambient pressure. Cheap metallic superconductors can be used for the coil wiring. So-called high-temperature superconducting compounds can be made to super conduct with the use of liquid nitrogen, which boils at around 77 K. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a complex application of NMR where the geometry of the resonances is deconvoluted and used to image objects by detecting the relaxation of protons that have been perturbed by a radio-frequency pulse in the strong magnetic field. This is most commonly used in health applications. In large cities, it is difficult to transmit power by overhead cables, so underground cables are used. But underground cables get heated and the resistance of the wire increases, leading to waste of power. Superconductors could be used to increase power throughput, although they would require cryogenic liquids such as nitrogen or helium to cool special alloy-containing cables to increase power transmission. Several feasibility studies have been performed and the field is the subject of an agreement within the International Energy Agency. Cryogenic gases delivery truck at a supermarket, Ypsilanti, Michigan Cryogenic gases are used in transportation and storage of large masses of frozen food. When very large quantities of food must be transported to regions like war zones, earthquake hit regions, etc., they must be stored for a long time, so cryogenic food freezing is used. Cryogenic food freezing is also helpful for large scale food processing industries. Many infrared (forward looking infrared) cameras require their detectors to be cryogenically cooled. Certain rare blood groups are stored at low temperatures, such as −165 °C, at blood banks. Cryogenics technology using liquid nitrogen and CO2 has been built into nightclub effect systems to create a chilling effect and white fog that can be illuminated with colored lights. Cryogenic cooling is used to cool the tool tip at the time of machining in manufacturing process. It increases the tool life. Oxygen is used to perform several important functions in the steel manufacturing process. Many rockets use cryogenic gases as propellants. These include liquid oxygen, liquid hydrogen, and liquid methane. By freezing the automobile or truck tire in liquid nitrogen, the rubber is made brittle and can be crushed into small particles. These particles can be used again for other items. Experimental research on certain physics phenomena, such as spintronics and magnetotransport properties, requires cryogenic temperatures for the effects to be observed. Certain vaccines must be stored at cryogenic temperatures. For example, the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine must be stored at temperatures of −90 to −60 °C (−130 to −76 °F). (See cold chain.)",Certain vaccines must be only stored at cryogenic temperature (ultra low temperatures of order -90 to -60 degree celcius / -130 F to -76 F),closed_qa "What is a, ""one-timer"" in ice hockey?",,"Ice hockey is a sport typically played with one goalie and five skaters on each of two opposing teams. A one-timer is an expression used to describe a shot taken by a player directly from a pass of another player in a single motion. This does not necessarily have to be a shot on goal, but a one-timer is so named to describe the backswing and striking of the puck from a pass, deflection or re-direction without stopping or accepting the puck first. The idea behind the name one-timer refers to the idea the shooter has one opportunity to make contact with the puck in this manner and without proper time is at risk of missing the shot entirely due to the puck being in motion as the shot is attempted.",open_qa Why there is no infant rice cereal in the market now?,,Because there are more concerns on the arsenic in the rice. And it is a bigger concerns for the babies. FDA says that the rice intake for infants is about three times greater than for adults relative to body weight. So more and more families start to change to other alternatives. infant rice cereal is gone by time.,open_qa "Identify which car manufacturer is French or American: Aixam, Buick",,"Aixam is French, Buick is American",classification Write a letter to my mum and dad detailing the reasons why they should buy me a pet tortoise,,"Dear Mum and Dad, As you know, I have wanted a pet tortoise for some time now. I have given it a lot of thought and done a great deal of research into what might be involved. I am aware that having a pet is a huge commitment so I am writing to you to explain why I think you should buy me a pet tortoise and why a tortoise is a fantastic choice of pet. Looking after a pet tortoise will give me a strong sense of responsibility. I know that I will have to ensure my tortoise is well fed, kept at the right temperature, given opportunities to bask under a heated lamp or in the sunshine if warm enough. I am very willing to give the time and commitment necessary to look after my tortoise. The tortoise will be my sole responsibility and I feel mature enough to commit to its care and happiness. As you know, I suffer from anxiety and school makes me particularly worried sometimes. It has been shown through numerous studies that pets reduce anxiety and stress in humans. I feel sure that having a tortoise will be a fantastic distraction from my worries and bring me great enjoyment. Contrary to popular belief, tortoises love having their shells stroked and their chins tickled and I think it would be very relaxing for me to pet a tortoise when I get home from school. Tortoises are very self-sufficient. Provided they are given a warm place to bask, access to fresh water and plenty of fresh food such as dandelions, kale, lettuce and other leafy vegetables, they are very happy to be left to their own devices. As we live in the UK where temperatures can be cool, we would need to purchase a tortoise table with good substrate, a basking lamp and some hides where the tortoise can tuck itself away. We have lots of space for this in our kitchen. When it is warm, the tortoise can go into our garden in an enclosure. A tortoise table and lamp will cost about £200 but this is just an initial outlay. Thereafter, keeping a tortoise is very cheap. In fact, you can pick most of their food for free by foraging which I am happy to do when we go for families walk. Contrary to popular belief, tortoises can be very friendly. As I have mentioned above, they love being stroked but did you also know that they can recognise their owners and some can even respond to their names? In fact, a study showed that tortoises can recognise their previous owners that they haven’t seen in years so they are both friendly and very intelligent. You might be worried about hibernating a tortoise but I have done lots of research on this and now know exactly what to do. If we buy a tortoise, it will need to hibernate for a maximum of three months from the end of September. We will need to hibernate our tortoise in a well-insulated box. The temperature mustn’t go above or below 5 degrees celsius and our garage would be the perfect place for it. We have a temperature gauge in there so I can keep an eye on the heat levels. Finally, I have looked into the cost of buying a tortoise. I would suggest we buy a tortoise which is a couple of years’ old as they require less care. We can buy a preloved tortoise which has been microchipped for about £100. And when we go on holiday, I have found a Tortoise Hotel which is run by a vet and costs just £60 for a 10 day stay. I think you will agree that I have conducted very thorough research into looking after a tortoise and I hope you will agree that I am now mature enough to look after a pet. I truly believe that a pet tortoise will give me a strong sense of responsibility and will have a positive calming effect on my mood. Indeed, I think the whole family will enjoy having a tortoise. They are friendly, loving, interesting and intelligent animals and we will all benefit from having one. I would be grateful if you would give my request full consideration. Lots of Love, Wilf x",creative_writing what is a competition?,,"A competition is when teams or individuals are in the act of competing against each other. They can be trying to do the same activity the highest number times. Examples of competitions are chess competitions, basketball / volleyball / hockey competitions, or ice skating competitions. Competitions often tell who is the best at what the competition is measuring (e.g. sports). Independent competitions usually are not Team sports and usually include an individual trying to achieve a high score. Their scores are compared against other independent scores to determine who is the best with independent competitions.",open_qa Is Mining Engineering a good degree?,,"A Mining Engineering degree is a very good general engineering degree that will expose you to all areas of engineering and science and allow you to apply this knowledge to a specific industry. All areas of engineering and science include such things as: Chemical Engineering for mineral extracting and refining. Civil Engineering for Structures. Mechanical Engineering for CAD, thermodynamics, and mine design Process Engineering for all aspects of the mining operation Electrical Engineering for circuit design and electrical machines. Geological Engineering for understanding the earth and soil mechanics Environmental Engineering because we want to extract minerals safely and cleanly. all Computer Engineering to support all of the above Despite all the benefits of the above, many mines are located in remote locations and can also be dirty. This may the viewed as a positive and an adventure, but to others looking for a more urban lifestyle, mining engineering may not be for them. Even with this, the broad engineering skills you will learn in your mining engineering degree will be applicable to many roles and industries well beyond the mining industry.",brainstorming What did Gary C. Butler do?,"Gary C. Butler was the CEO and president of Automatic Data Processing. He held this position from August 2006 through November 2011, and had been with the company for 37 years. From 1990 to 1995, he served as Group President for ADP's Dealer Services Group; and from 1995 to 1998 he served in the same capacity for ADP's Employer Services Group. Prior to assuming his role as CEO in 2006, Butler was President and Chief Operating Officer of the company.",Gary C. Butler was the CEO and president of Automatic Data Processing.,closed_qa One of the best place to visit in Mexico,,"Cancun : You can visit Cancun for the tropical weather. You can visit Cancun all over the year. You can avoid September to October because of little bit of rain and cloudy weather. Cancun has some splendid Resorts with All inclusive package . The beach is clean. You can stay either in Cancun or Playa Del Carman or The Cancun . Both has similar resorts mostly. You can visit Tulum if you like calm and nature associated with Beach.",creative_writing "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Thanos, Darkseid",,"Thanos is Marvel, Darkseid is DC",classification What are some areas that firefighters can safely stay in while fighting a wildfire?,"Outcomes from Project Vesta have been integrated into firefighter training in Australia and are beginning to appear in the United States. Firefighters try to stay out of the dead man zone at all times, working from safe points such as burnt ground or a large area of non-burnable ground, such as a cricket or Australian rules football oval, or a large car park. This is achieved by attacking the fire from the flanks, or the rear, so that burnt ground is always nearby, and the fire is always in front of the firefighters. This avoids two disadvantages of attacking fires at the head of the fire where spot fires may start behind them or changes in wind behavior might accelerate the spread of the fire. The result of several inquiries into firefighter death in Australian bushfires found that firefighters should stay out of the dead man zone and that they should always keep 250 liters of water in their truck for personal safety. This is now a standard operating procedure in the NSW Rural Fire Service, Country Fire Service and Country Fire Authority in Australia.","Firefighters can use burnt areas, car parks and sports areas to stay safe during a wildfire",information_extraction What is Categorization and Sentiment Analysis,,"Categorization and Sentiment Analysis is typically referred in the Customer Experience space where customer interaction data is analyzed to get insights into categories of topics and sentiment associated with those interactions. Some of the use cases that benefit from these insights include Customer Representative/Agent Performance and Training, Workload Management, Product Performance et al",open_qa "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Dog, Asian Elephant",,"Dog is domesticated, Asian Elephant is wild.",classification What is the Trans Tahoe Relay?,,"Each year there is a race held to swim across Lake Tahoe. The race was created and is still sponsored by The Olympic Club of San Francisco. Teams are created and entered from across the globe but primarily North America. The format of the race is a six person relay; all male, all female. or half male/female. Starting on the Nevada side of the lake each member of the team swims for 30 minutes following the team's boat. After each of the swimmers has completed the 30 minute rotation the swimmers then rotate again every 10 minutes. This is done is sequence until the team reach the other side of the lake in California. The swimmers need to touch one-another when rotating between swimmers and there are no wetsuits or fins allowed.",open_qa How many times Lewis Hamilton won the F1 Championship ?,,7 times,brainstorming Which countries has Tamil as one of their official languages?,"Tamil (/ˈtɑːmɪl/; தமிழ் Tamiḻ [t̪amiɻ], pronunciation (help·info)) is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia. Tamil is an official language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, the sovereign nations of Sri Lanka and Singapore, and the Indian Union territory of Puducherry. Tamil is also spoken by significant minorities in the four other South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is also spoken by the Tamil diaspora found in many countries, including Malaysia, Myanmar, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia and Mauritius. Tamil is also natively spoken by Sri Lankan Moors. One of 22 scheduled languages in the Constitution of India, Tamil was the first to be classified as a classical language of India. Tamil is one of the longest-surviving classical languages of India. A. K. Ramanujan described it as ""the only language of contemporary India which is recognizably continuous with a classical past"". The variety and quality of classical Tamil literature has led to it being described as ""one of the great classical traditions and literatures of the world"". Recorded Tamil literature has been documented for over 2000 years. The earliest period of Tamil literature, Sangam literature, is dated from c. 300 BC until AD 300. It has the oldest extant literature among Dravidian languages. The earliest epigraphic records found on rock edicts and 'hero stones' date from around the 3rd century BC. About 60,000 of the approximately 100,000 inscriptions found by the Archaeological Survey of India in India are in Tamil Nadu. Of them, most are in Tamil, with only about 5 percent in other languages. Tamil language inscriptions written in Brahmi script have been discovered in Sri Lanka and on trade goods in Thailand and Egypt. The two earliest manuscripts from India, acknowledged and registered by the UNESCO Memory of the World register in 1997 and 2005, were written in Tamil. In 1578, Portuguese Christian missionaries published a Tamil prayer book in old Tamil script named Thambiran Vanakkam, thus making Tamil the first Indian language to be printed and published. The Tamil Lexicon, published by the University of Madras, was one of the earliest dictionaries published in Indian languages. According to a 2001 survey, there were 1,863 newspapers published in Tamil, of which 353 were dailies. Classification Main article: Dravidian languages Tamil belongs to the southern branch of the Dravidian languages, a family of around 26 languages native to the Indian subcontinent. It is also classified as being part of a Tamil language family that, alongside Tamil proper, includes the languages of about 35 ethno-linguistic groups such as the Irula and Yerukula languages (see SIL Ethnologue). The closest major relative of Tamil is Malayalam; the two began diverging around the 9th century AD. Although many of the differences between Tamil and Malayalam demonstrate a pre-historic split of the western dialect, the process of separation into a distinct language, Malayalam, was not completed until sometime in the 13th or 14th century. History Findings from Adichanallur in the Government Museum, Chennai Keezhadi excavation site Tamil, like other Dravidian languages, ultimately descends from the Proto-Dravidian language, which was most likely spoken around the third millennium BC, possibly in the region around the lower Godavari river basin. The material evidence suggests that the speakers of Proto-Dravidian were of the culture associated with the Neolithic complexes of South India. Among Indian languages, Tamil has the most ancient non-Sanskritic Indian literature. Scholars categorise the attested history of the language into three periods: Old Tamil (600 BC–AD 700), Middle Tamil (700–1600) and Modern Tamil (1600–present). In November 2007, an excavation at Quseir-al-Qadim revealed Egyptian pottery dating back to first century BC with ancient Tamil Brahmi inscriptions. There are a number of apparent Tamil loanwords in Biblical Hebrew dating to before 500 BC, the oldest attestation of the language. John Guy states that Tamil was the lingua franca for early maritime traders from India. In 2004, a number of skeletons were found buried in earthenware urns in Adichanallur. Some of these urns contained writing in Tamil Brahmi script, and some contained skeletons of Tamil origin. Between 2017 and 2018, 5,820 artifacts have been found in Keezhadi. These sent to Beta Analytic in Miami, Florida for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) dating. One sample containing Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions was claimed to be dated to around 580 BC.","Tamil is one of the official languages in the following countries and territories. India, Srilanka, Singapore and Indian union territory of Puducherry.",information_extraction "Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Audi, Buick",,"Audi is German, Buick is American",classification What is HTTP?,,Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a method for encoding and transporting information between a client (such as a web browser) and a web server. HTTP is the primary protocol for transmission of information across the Internet.,open_qa Please write some key points on Booker prize from the given passage.,"The 2022 Booker Prize was a literary award given for the best English novel of the year. It was announced on 17 October 2022, during a ceremony hosted by Sophie Duker at the Roundhouse in London. The longlist was announced on 26 July 2022. The shortlist was announced on 6 September. Leila Mottley, at 20, was the youngest longlisted writer to date, and Alan Garner, at 87, the oldest. The majority of the 13 titles were from independent publishers. The prize was awarded to Shehan Karunatilaka for his novel, The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida, receiving £50,000. He is the second Sri Lankan to win the prize, after Michael Ondaatje","1. The 2022 Booker Prize was a literary honour presented to the year's top English novel. 2. It was revealed on October 17, 2022, at a ceremony Sophie Duker presided over at London's Roundhouse. 3. On July 26, 2022, the longlist was announced. 4. On September 6th, the shortlist was announced. 5. Alan Garner, aged 87, was the oldest longlisted author to date, and Leila Mottley, at 20 years old, was the youngest. 6. Independent publ ishers produced the majority of the 13 books. 7. Shehan Karunatilaka received the award and £50,000 for his book The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida. 8. After Michael Ondaatje, he is the second Sri Lankan to win the award.",summarization What does CEO stand for,,Chief Executive Officer,open_qa What is a mitochondrial matrix?,,"In the mitochondrion, the matrix is the space within the inner membrane. The word ""matrix"" stems from the fact that this space is viscous, compared to the relatively aqueous cytoplasm. The mitochondrial matrix contains the mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, soluble enzymes, small organic molecules, nucleotide cofactors, and inorganic ions. The enzymes in the matrix facilitate reactions responsible for the production of ATP, such as the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, oxidation of pyruvate, and the beta oxidation of fatty acids. The composition of the matrix based on its structures and contents produce an environment that allows the anabolic and catabolic pathways to proceed favorably for. The electron transport chain and enzymes in the matrix play a large role in the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The citric acid cycle produces NADH and FADH2 through oxidation that will be reduced in oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP. The cytosolic, intermembrane space, compartment has a water content of 3.8 μL/mg protein, while the mitochondrial matrix 0.8 μL/mg protein. It is not known how mitochondria maintain osmotic balance across the inner mitochondrial membrane, although the membrane contains aquaporins that are believed to be conduits for regulated water transport. Mitochondrial matrix has a pH of about 7.8, which is higher than the pH of the intermembrane space of the mitochondria, which is around 7.0–7.4. Mitochondrial DNA was discovered by Nash and Margit in 1963. One to many double stranded mainly circular DNA is present in mitochondrial matrix. Mitochondrial DNA is 1% of total DNA of a cell. It is rich in guanine and cytosine content. Mitochondria of mammals have 55s ribosomes.",open_qa Please important statistics from this passage.,"India's nominal per capita income was US$1,670 per year in 2016, ranked 112th out of 164 countries by the World Bank, while its per capita income on purchasing power parity (PPP) basis was US$5,350, and ranked 106th. Other estimates for per capita gross national income and gross domestic product vary by source. For example, India's average GDP per capita on PPP basis in 2009, according to The Economist, was US$5,138, with significant variation among its states and union territories. Goa had the highest per capita PPP GDP at US$14,903, while Bihar the lowest with per capita PPP GDP of US$682 as of 2015 In rupee terms, India's per capita income grew by 10.4% to reach Rs.74,920 in 2013-","1. India's nominal Per capita income was US$1,670 per year in 2016 2. India's rank on per capita Income was 112 out of 164 3. India's per capita income on purchasing power parity (PPP) basis was US$5,350 4.India's rank based on purchasing power parity was 106th 5.India's average GDP per capita on PPP basis in 2009 was US$5,138 6. Goa had the highest per capita PPP GDP at US$14,903 7. Bihar the lowest with per capita PPP GDP of US$682 8.India's per capita income grew by 10.4% to reach Rs.74,920",information_extraction Please note down some points regarding Austrian Cup from the given text,"The Austrian Cup (German: ÖFB-Cup), known as UNIQA ÖFB Cup for sponsorship purposes, is an annual football competition held by the Austrian Football Association, the ÖFB. During the 2008–09 season, Austria Wien won the tournament for 27th time, a record. Red Bull Salzburg are the current holders, winning the 2021-2022 tournament, making it their 8th successive win in the tournament and their 9th overall.","1. The Austrian Football Association, or FB, holds an annual football competition known as the Austrian Cup (German: FB-Cup), often known as the UNIQA FB Cup for sponsorship reasons. Austria Wien set a record by winning the competition for the 27th time during the 2008–09 season. 2. Red Bull Salzburg is the current champion, having won the competition for the eighth time in a row and nine times total.",summarization What is a pot hole?,,A pot hole is the part of a road that has become damaged with a large enough interruption in the road the the driver of a vehicle can feel a jarring impact when the vehicle travels over that area. Cities try to fill in pot holes because they can damage vehicles as when they become too large.,open_qa What is connectomics?,,"Connectomics is the production and study of connectomes: comprehensive maps of connections within an organism's nervous system. More generally, it can be thought of as the study of neuronal wiring diagrams with a focus on how structural connectivity, individual synapses, cellular morphology, and cellular ultrastructure contribute to the make up of a network. The nervous system is a network made of billions of connections and these connections are responsible for our thoughts, emotions, actions, memories, function and dysfunction. Therefore, the study of connectomics aims to advance our understanding of mental health and cognition by understanding how cells in the nervous system are connected and communicate. Because these structures are extremely complex, methods within this field use a high-throughput application of functional and structural neural imaging, most commonly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electron microscopy, and histological techniques in order to increase the speed, efficiency, and resolution of these nervous system maps. To date, tens of large scale datasets have been collected spanning the nervous system including the various areas of cortex, cerebellum, the retina, the peripheral nervous system and neuromuscular junctions. Generally speaking, there are two types of connectomes; macroscale and microscale. Macroscale connectomics refers to using functional and structural MRI data to map out large fiber tracts and functional gray matter areas within the brain in terms of blood flow (functional) and water diffusivity (structural). Microscale connectomics is the mapping of small organisms' complete connectome using microscopy and histology. That is, all connections that exist in their central nervous system.",open_qa Who were the children of Bill 101,"The children of Bill 101 (les enfants de la loi 101) is the name given to the generation of children whose parents immigrated to Quebec, Canada after the adoption of the 1977 Charter of the French Language (Bill 101). One of the Charter's articles stipulates that all children under 16 must receive their primary and secondary education in French schools, unless one of the child's parents has received most of their education in English, in Canada, or the child or the child's sibling has already received a substantial part of their education in English, in Canada. If a child qualifies for a certificate of eligibility for instruction in English under one of those criteria, then the certificate is permanent and can be passed on to future generations even if the child ends up attending French instead of English school. The permanent certificate can only be granted if one of the child's parents is a Canadian citizen. In addition, children of foreign temporary residents living in Quebec on study or work permits, as well as children of diplomats, can also obtain a temporary certificate of eligibility that is only valid for the duration of their permit.","The children of Bill 101 (les enfants de la loi 101) is the name given to the generation of children whose parents immigrated to Quebec, Canada after the adoption of the 1977 Charter of the French Language (Bill 101). One of the Charter's articles stipulates that all children under 16 must receive their primary and secondary education in French schools, unless one of the child's parents has received most of their education in English, in Canada, or the child or the child's sibling has already received a substantial part of their education in English, in Canada.",closed_qa What are the world's most popular sports?,,"Football (or soccer) is the world's most popular sport. Others include cricket, hockey, tennis, volleyball, table tennis, and basketball. This might come as a surprise to Americans, who favor (American) football.",open_qa Which cities did some of the most famous English rock bands come from?,,"Cities that some of the most famous English rock bands came from are Liverpool (The Beatles), London (Led Zeppelin, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Pink Floyd, Queen, Deep Purple), Sheffield (Def Leppard), Birmingham (Black Sabbath), and Manchester (Oasis).",open_qa "Tell me which of the following are body parts: head, ankle, banana, finger, earlobe, kiwi, toe, car, shoulder, bed",,"head, ankle, finger, earlobe, toe, shoulder",classification Who was Nike in Greek Mythology?,"In Greek mythology, Nike (/ˈnaɪki/ (listen); Ancient Greek: Νίκη, lit. 'victory', ancient: [nǐː.kɛː], modern: [ˈni.ci]) was a goddess who personified victory in any field including art, music, war, and athletics. She is often portrayed in Greek art as Winged Victory in the motion of flight; however, she can also appear without wings as ""Wingless Victory"" when she is being portrayed as an attribute of another deity such as Athena. In Greek literature Nike is described as both an attribute and attendant to the gods Zeus and Athena. Nike gained this honored role beside Zeus during the Titanomachy where she was one of the first gods to offer her allegiance to Zeus. At Athens, Nike became a servant to Athena as well as an attribute of her due to the prominent status Athena held in her patron city. The fusion of the two goddesses at Athens has contributed to the ambiguity surrounding Nike's origins. It is unclear whether she originated from a character trait of the Greek goddess Athena or has always existed as an independent deity. Her origin story in Greek mythology is also slightly ambiguous, with the Theogony claiming Nike to be the daughter of Styx and Pallas while the Homeric Hymns describe Ares as being Nike's father. Her Roman equivalent was Victoria.","Nike is the god of 'victory' in Greek mythology, and is often portrayed in art Winged Victory in the motion of flight.",summarization What is a short hiking trail in Tiburon?,,"One short hiking trail in Tiburon, California is off Gilmartin Drive. It's easy to spot but unmarked! The trail is a local favorite and takes you to an overlook with views of San Francisco and the Golden Gate Bridge. You can check out the views while swinging from Hippie Tree, the giant eucalyptus tree.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about WWII, how many fatalities happened?","""World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in history; it resulted in an estimated 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, massacres, and disease. In the wake of the Axis defeat, Germany and Japan were occupied, and war crimes tribunals were conducted against German and Japanese leaders. The causes of World War II are debated, but contributing factors included the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Spanish Civil War, Second Sino-Japanese War, Soviet–Japanese border conflicts, the rise of fascism in Europe, and European tensions in the aftermath of World War I. World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. The United Kingdom and France subsequently declared war on Germany on 3 September. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union had partitioned Poland and marked out their """"spheres of influence"""" across Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, in a military alliance with Italy, Japan and other countries called the Axis. Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africa, and the fall of France in mid-1940, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire, with war in the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain, the Blitz of the United Kingdom, and the Battle of the Atlantic. On 22 June 1941, Germany led the European Axis powers in an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the Eastern Front, the largest land theatre of war in history.""","According to the paragraph, World War II resulted in an estimated 70 to 85 million fatalities. Most of these fatalities were amongst civilians.",information_extraction What are different ways to make eggs?,,"You can fry and egg on a stovetop. Its recommended to preheat the pan on medium heat, once warm spray the pan with cooking spray or use butter before cracking an egg into the pan. Cook for a few minutes before flipping to fully cook the egg. This method is most common when preparing an egg sandwich such as a bacon egg and cheese, or a sausage egg and cheese. You can also scramble eggs in a pot or pan. To do this you whisk a few eggs in a bowl with some milk, could be any kind of milk like skim milk or a dairy free milk like almond milk. Preheat the stove to medium heat and warm the pot or pan while you do this. Then pour the eggs into the pan and continually stir the eggs, scraping the bottom of the pan to ensure the eggs are fluffy. You can also poach an egg by cracking an egg into boiling water. Lastly, you can make a hardboiled egg by putting a desired number of eggs in a pot of water before placing on the stove. Once on the stove bring to a boil for 7-8 minutes.",open_qa What are some contributions of women in computing?,,"The first algorithm intended to be executed by a computer was designed by Ada Lovelace who was a pioneer in the field. Grace Hopper was the first person to design a compiler for a programming language. Throughout the 19th and early 20th century, and up to World War II, programming was predominantly done by women; significant examples include the Harvard Computers, codebreaking at Bletchley Park and engineering at NASA.",classification "Using the passage, please give some critical impacts that Twenty20 format had on the game of cricket?","Twenty20 cricket is claimed to have resulted in a more athletic and explosive form of cricket. Indian fitness coach Ramji Srinivasan declared in an interview with the Indian fitness website Takath.com that Twenty20 had ""raised the bar"" in terms of fitness levels for all players, demanding higher levels of strength, speed, agility and reaction time from all players regardless of role in the team. Matthew Hayden credited retirement from international cricket with aiding his performance in general and fitness in particular in the Indian Premier League. In June 2009, speaking at the annual Cowdrey Lecture at Lord's, former Australian wicketkeeper Adam Gilchrist pushed for Twenty20 to be made an Olympic sport. ""It would,"" he said, ""be difficult to see a better, quicker or cheaper way of spreading the game throughout the world."" In a similar vein, several commentators have noted that the T20 format has been embraced by many Associate members of the ICC partly because it is more financially viable to play. Former Australian captain Ricky Ponting, on the other hand, has criticized Twenty20 as being detrimental to Test cricket and for hampering batsmen's scoring skills and concentration. Former Australian captain Greg Chappell made similar complaints, fearing that young players would play too much T20 and not develop their batting skills fully, while former England player Alex Tudor feared the same for bowling skills. Former West Indies captains Clive Lloyd, Michael Holding and Garfield Sobers criticised Twenty20 for its role in discouraging players from representing their test cricket national side, with many West Indies players like Chris Gayle, Sunil Narine and Dwayne Bravo preferring instead to play in a Twenty20 franchise elsewhere in the world and make far more money.","Twenty20 cricket is a shortened game format of cricket. Regardless of a player's role on the team, Twenty20 had ""raised the bar"" in terms of fitness standards for all players by requiring better levels of strength, speed, agility, and reaction time. Although numerous important commentators, including Adam Gilchrist, have praised the Twenty20 format as a better, faster, and more financially feasible manner of promoting the game of cricket around the world, the format has been criticized by other famous cricketers. Some of the impacts of this format on the game of cricket are: 1. Former Australian captain Ricky Ponting has blamed Twenty20 cricket for harming Test cricket and impairing batsmen's scoring skills and concentration. 2. Former Australian captain Greg Chappell had similar concerns, saying that young players might play too much T20 and not fully develop their batting skills. 3. Former England player feared that bowlers playing only Twenty20 format many not develop bowling skills fully. 4. Former West Indies captains Clive Lloyd, Michael Holding, and Garfield Sobers criticized Twenty20 for its role in discouraging players from playing for their country's test cricket team and instead play in a Twenty20 franchise cricket elsewhere in the world to make more money. In summary, Twenty20 format had both positive and negative effects on the overall game of cricket.",summarization Why is CH the Country Code for Switzerland?,,"It is because the Latin name of the country is Helvetia, and it can still be seen on various stamps. The full form of CH is Confoederatio Helvetica which means Swiss Confederation.",open_qa What is the largest state in the United States?,,"Alaska is the largest state in the United States, trailed by Texas in second place. Alaska has 665,400 square miles of land whereas Texas has 268,597 square miles of land. If Alaska were to be cut in half, Texas would be the third largest state.",open_qa "Write a preface to book where the author feels the need to properly caveat his story about warfare in the middle east, in case someone were to get offended by the content. Make sure the author conveys his deep respect for that region and all cultures represented therein.",,"Though the events described here may have some historic precedent, they are totally fictitious, as are equipment and its use. Similarly, any resemblance between the characters in this story and actual individuals would be totally coincidental. Finally, though the geographical locations are real, the characterization of certain countries is vaguely inspired by reality. One should not conclude that the author's views relative to any of these countries matches the views presented here. The entire Middle East has been a war cauldron for most of its history, and yet it remains both the birthplace of western civilization and the origin of wonderful scientific discoveries. Additionally, its contribution to the world of art, through the ago has been unquestioned. In short, whoever is painted as a villain today could turn out to be a hero tomorrow.",creative_writing "According to this paragraph, what records did Stevens break as a basketball coach?","In 2010, his third year as head coach, Stevens broke the NCAA record for most wins in a coach's first three years, exceeding the previous record by eight wins. In the NCAA Tournament, Stevens coached Butler to the first Final Four in school history, while also becoming the second-youngest head coach to make an NCAA National Championship game, losing 61–59 to Duke. With the following season's team also making the Final Four, Stevens became the youngest coach to go to two Final Fours. Stevens coached the Bulldogs in their second consecutive national championship game on April 4, 2011, where the team again lost, this time to the Connecticut Huskies. Stevens was regularly named a finalist for Horizon League Coach of the Year award, winning twice, and was also a nominee for both the Hugh Durham Award and Jim Phelan Award in every year of his college career. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Stevens","According to this paragraph, Stevens has the most wins as an NCAA coach in his first three years and took Butler to its first Final Four in the history of the school. He was also the youngest men's college basketball coach ever to take his team to the NCAA championship game and to two consecutive Final Fours.",closed_qa What is family time?,,"Family during is time where each person in the family is actively engaged in the same activity together. Family activities like watching a movie together, eating a meal together, going to the circus together, exercising together, or going for a walk is all good family time. During family time you can share what has been going on in your own life and learn about the other members of your family. Family time is important to strengthen the bonds you all have with one another.",open_qa Who is the greatest Boston Red Sox player of all time?,,"The Boston Red Sox have had many amazing players over their long history, so it is hard to pick the single best player. Some of the most well-known and beloved players include David Ortiz, Carlton Fisk, Carl Yastrzemski, Ted Williams, Jim Rice, and Pedro Martinez.",open_qa What is IMAP?,,Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is a standard email retrieval protocol. It stores email messages on a mail server and enables the recipient to view and manipulate them as though they were stored locally on their device.,open_qa Please give a bulleted list of what incorporates the Human Development Index,"The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores a higher level of HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the gross national income GNI (PPP) per capita is higher. It was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and was further used to measure a country's development by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)'s Human Development Report Office. The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that ""the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality), while the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum level of HDI) that could be achieved if there were no inequality."" The index is based on the human development approach, developed by Mahbub ul Haq, anchored in Amartya Sen's work on human capabilities, and often framed in terms of whether people are able to ""be"" and ""do"" desirable things in life. Examples include – being: well fed, sheltered, and healthy; doing: work, education, voting, participating in community life. The freedom of choice is central – someone choosing to be hungry (e.g. when fasting for religious reasons) is quite different from someone who is hungry because they cannot afford to buy food, or because the country is in a famine. The index does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most developed countries, such as the G7 members and others.","Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistic composite index of the following metrics for a country: 1. life expectancy of the population 2. education (years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system) 3. per capita income indicators",summarization Is it better to rebuild or remodel a house?,,"The answer to this question depends on several factors, including your budget, the nature and extent of the updates that you would make to the original house, the costs of building materials and services, and any zoning requirements or local codes and regulations that may apply to your project. You should start by first determining your budget and any timelines you are working against. Next, determine the updates that you would need or want to make, including must-haves and nice to haves in your list. Next, consider working with an architect to help draw up plans that align to your goals and engage a residential engineer to help determine what updates can be made within the existing house structure and what updates may require substantial modifications or may not be made under the structure. At this point, you may be able to determine whether or not it makes sense to rebuild or remodel, however, to get a final sense of the costs and scope of the project, you should request bids from contracts on your plans and ask that they provide estimated costs and timelines as well as recommendations on how to approach the project. Compare these costs and recommendations against the anticipated costs of leveling and rebuilding the house from scratch, which may also require input from the architect and/or contractor to help determine. Once you have gathered all of this information, balance your desires, including must-haves and nice-to-haves, against your budget and timelines to help make your decision.",brainstorming What are the toxic house plants for cats?,,"If you have cats as pets, be careful about having these house plants around. Ingesting part of these plants can be very dangerous for your feline friends. - Lilies such as easter lilies, stargazers, daylilies, etc. can cause kidney failure and death - Sago palm leaves can release a toxin that causes liver damage - Desert rose can affect heart rate and cause vomiting - Bulbs of plants such as daffodils and tulips can cause convulsions, diarrhea, and vomiting - a toxic chemical from azaleas can lead to coma, cardiovascular collapse and death",open_qa Are the racial depictions of Eugène Delacroix artworks facts?,"Racial categories have historically been used as a way to enable an oppressive figure or group to discriminate against other groups or individuals which were seen as different from that of the oppressor. In nineteenth and early twentieth century Europe, artwork was a common form of racialization which targeted countries in the Middle East and Asia. The artwork, predominantly paintings, were portrayed in order to instill prejudice in the Western populations through sexualizing and manipulating images. One of the most prominent examples of Orientalist work in art is a piece by Eugène Delacroix titled Women of Algiers in their Apartment. Dating back to 1834, it portrays three women resting in a harem in exotic clothing while an African woman is dressed in plain clothing, depicting her role as a servant. Fine textiles, hookahs, and other paraphernalia adorn the room, which represents a European fantasy of an exotic scene. Attempts to portray these cultures as strange, foreign and exotic through Orientalism led to intolerance towards the Arab and Asian communities in Europe and the United States. Others argue that Delacroix, who travelled in North Africa sketching extensively, was depicting a realistic scene of the era based on his first-hand knowledge and experience. In such an interpretation the clothing, for example, is consistent with the times, as Arab North Africans dressed differently from Europeans, and kept black slaves who would not have been treated as equals.",There are arguments that some of the depictions of the artworks are factual represents of Delacroix's first-hand experience while traveling in North Africa.,closed_qa What are Marge's sisters named on the Simpsons,,Patty & Selma,open_qa What is SOAP?,,"SOAP (formerly a backronym for Simple Object Access Protocol) is a messaging protocol specification for exchanging structured information in the implementation of web services in computer networks. It uses XML Information Set for its message format, and relies on application layer protocols, most often Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), although some legacy systems communicate over Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), for message negotiation and transmission.",open_qa What gear do you need to go on a backpacking trip?,,"To go on a backpacking trip, you'll need a few categories of items: shelter, cooking and clothing. Start with a trekking pole tent like the X-Mid Pro. Don't forget 2 trekking poles. You'll need a sleeping pad like a Klymit Static-V and a sleeping bag or quilt such as the Kelty Cosmic 0. In order to cook and boil water, you'll need a stove such as a Jetboil and the corresponding fuel to power it. As far as clothing goes, several layers of wool/synthetic fabric with a light shell will work great at keeping you warm and dry. All of this needs to go in a backpack that's of the right capacity and sized to your frame.",open_qa Give me 5 ways to reduce my electricity bill.,,"The following are 5 ways you can reduce your electricity bill: 1. Turn off your air conditioning or heating 2. Install insulation 3. Take shorter showers 4. Turn off the lights when not in use 5. Buy energy efficient appliances",brainstorming What is Accrued income security,,"This is a security (investment) which pays interest at regular intervals. When it is sold, interest may have built up and this interest will be paid to the new owner. Interest built up like this is called accrued interest.",open_qa What are the futures?,,"Futures are a type of derivative contract agreement to buy or sell a specific commodity asset or security at a set future date for a set price. Futures contracts, or simply ""futures,"" are traded on futures exchanges like the CME Group and require a brokerage account that's approved to trade futures.",open_qa What is a CRM?,,"Customer relationship management is a process in which a business or other organization administers its interactions with customers, typically using data analysis to study large amounts of information.",creative_writing What are the supplies needed for block printing?,,"Block printing is an art form where the artist carves a block (most commonly vinyl or rubber) and uses ink to press the image as a print. The supplies needed for this are the block to carve, a carving tool, a roller for ink application, ink, paper or material for the image. A smooth, flat surface is needed to roll out the ink as well; a small sheet of glass or plexiglass works well for this.",brainstorming How many rings on the Olympic flag,,Five,open_qa What is counterintelligence?,,"Counterintelligence is an activity aimed at protecting an agency's intelligence program from an opposition's intelligence service. It includes gathering information and conducting activities to prevent espionage, sabotage, assassinations or other intelligence activities conducted by, for, or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons.",open_qa Name some of the objects in the solar system,,"In addition to the sun and the 8 planets, the solar system includes many different types of objects. Many of the planets are orbited by moons. There are millions of asteroids in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Outside the orbit of Neptune, the Kuiper Belt includes comets, dwarf planets, and other icy objects.",open_qa Give me some ideas for party games at a child's birthday.,,"Some classic children's party games are Pass the Parcel, Musical Chairs, Pin the Tail on the Donkey, Sack Race, Treasure Hunt.",brainstorming how to get out of maze,,"Getting out of a maze can be a challenging task, but with a few tips and strategies, it can be accomplished. Here are some steps to follow to help you get out of a maze: Stay Calm and Focused: Getting lost in a maze can be frustrating, but it's important to stay calm and focused. Take deep breaths, relax, and clear your mind. This will help you to think more clearly and make better decisions. Plan Your Route: Take a few minutes to look at the maze from above, if possible, and try to identify the route to the exit. Identify landmarks or walls that you can use as reference points. Look for any dead ends, and try to avoid them. Follow One Wall: If you can't identify the exit route, try to follow one wall of the maze. Keep your hand on the wall and follow it all the way around the maze. This will help you to stay on track and avoid getting lost in circles. Mark Your Path: If you have something to mark your path, such as chalk, breadcrumbs, or a pen, use it to mark your route as you go. This way, you can avoid taking the same path multiple times and can backtrack if necessary. Look for Clues: Keep an eye out for clues that may help you find your way out, such as arrows or signs. Many mazes also have hidden clues or puzzles that can help you find the exit, so keep your eyes open. Ask for Help: If you're still struggling to find your way out, don't be afraid to ask for help. Many mazes have staff members who can guide you out or provide you with clues. With these tips in mind, you should be able to find your way out of a maze. Remember to stay calm, plan your route, and look for clues, and you'll be out in no time!",creative_writing What caused the 2007-2008 financial crisis?,"The preconditioning for the financial crisis were complex and multi-causal. Almost two decades prior, the U.S. Congress had passed legislation encouraging financing for affordable housing. However, in 1999, parts of the Glass-Steagall legislation, which had been adopted in 1933, were repealed, permitting financial institutions to commingle their commercial (risk-averse) and proprietary trading (risk-taking) operations. Arguably the largest contributor to the conditions necessary for financial collapse was the rapid development in predatory financial products which targeted low-income, low-information homebuyers who largely belonged to racial minorities. This market development went unattended by regulators and thus caught the U.S. government by surprise.","Arguably the largest contributor to the conditions necessary for the financial collapse was the rapid development of predatory financial products which targeted low-income, low-information homebuyers who largely belonged to racial minorities.",closed_qa What kind of disease is wheat mildew,,"Wheat mildew is a wheat disease that affects the ear, and is brought on by causes somewhat similar to those that cause blight, though at a more advanced period of the season. If this disorder comes on immediately after the first appearance of the ear, the straw is also affected—but if the grain is nearly or fully formed, injury to the straw is less discernible. Wheat may mildew where the straw is perfectly fresh, but only rarely. A severe mildew, however, retards further grain and straw maturation and leads to death. Something akin to mildew is the gum, which, in all warm moist seasons, attaches itself to the ear, and often causes considerable damage. All these different disorders are generally accompanied by insects, and by minute parasitic vegetable growths, considered by many to be the cause of the damage. Their appearance, however, may justly be attributed to the diseased state of the plant; for wherever putrefaction takes place, either in animal or vegetable substances, the presence of these parasites will never be wanting. Another disorder that affects wheat is brought on by excessive heat, which makes the plants suffer from malnutrition, and become sickly and feeble. In this atrophic state a kind of dust gathers on the stalks and leaves, which increases with the disease, till the plant is in a great measure worn out and exhausted. The only remedy in this case, and it is one that cannot easily be administered by the hand of man, is a plentiful supply of moisture, by which, if it is received before consumption is too far advanced, the crop is benefited in a degree proportional to the extent of nourishment received, and the stage at which the disease has arrived. Some people have recommended using blighted and mildewed wheat for seed. This, however may be hazardous. Light or defective wheat does vegetate and produce a plant, but the plant may be of poor quality and incapable of withstanding winter blasts.",open_qa Make a list of different reasons that a kite might not be able to be flown,,"You might not be able to fly a kite if there isn't any wind, if the strings are tangled, if the kite is broken or if the kite gets caught up in a tree",brainstorming Can you name a few of Leonardo's famous works,"Leonardo is identified as one of the greatest painters in the history of art and is often credited as the founder of the High Renaissance. Despite having many lost works and fewer than 25 attributed major works—including numerous unfinished works—he created some of the most influential paintings in Western art. His magnum opus, the Mona Lisa, is his best known work and often regarded as the world's most famous painting. The Last Supper is the most reproduced religious painting of all time and his Vitruvian Man drawing is also regarded as a cultural icon. In 2017, Salvator Mundi, attributed in whole or part to Leonardo, was sold at auction for US$450.3 million, setting a new record for the most expensive painting ever sold at public auction.","Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, Vitruvian Man, Salvator Mundi",closed_qa Who is the best ever President of the United States ?,,"There are many factors that should be considered when determining the best President of the United States. Many would say there is no ""right answer"" on this question, since people hold different values on what is or isn't important. But, generally speaking, Presidents who have successfully led the United States through times of great national or global crises tend to receive the highest marks. The short list of Presidents typically are the following: George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) and Ronald Reagan. Washington was key to winning the independence of the country from the British as the wartime General during the Revolutionary War, and was the first President during a very tumultuous first 8 years of the United States. Lincoln kept the country together through the American Civil War, and eradicated slavery - a great moral achievement in finally realizing the principles of the Declaration of Independence for all people no matter the color of their skin. FDR led the country through the Great Depression, and also was a world leader in fighting German and Japanese aggression during World War II. Ronald Reagan managed the end of the Cold War, without firing a shot, and avoiding nuclear catastrophe, through shrewd maneuvering and negotiation with Mikhail Gorbachev.",creative_writing What is GitHub Actions?,,"GitHub Actions is a continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) platform that allows you to automate your build, test, and deployment pipeline. You can create workflows that build and test every pull request to your repository, or deploy merged pull requests to production.",open_qa "Given a reference text about Derby Museum and Art Gallery, tell me when the it was established and what the gallery contains.","Derby Museum and Art Gallery is a museum and art gallery in Derby, England. It was established in 1879, along with Derby Central Library, in a new building designed by Richard Knill Freeman and given to Derby by Michael Thomas Bass. The collection includes a gallery displaying many paintings by Joseph Wright of Derby; there is also a large display of Royal Crown Derby and other porcelain from Derby and the surrounding area. Further displays include archaeology, natural history, geology, military collections and world cultures. The Art Gallery was opened in 1882.","The Derby Museum and Art Gallery was established in 1879 and includes a gallery with many paintings by Joseph Wright of Derby and other displays with archaeology, natural history, geology, military collections, and world cultures.",closed_qa Pleaese give me a short list of the main characteristics of cricketer Sachin Tendulkar's playing style.,"Tendulkar is cross-dominant: he bats, bowls and throws with his right hand, but writes with his left hand. He also practices left-handed throws at the nets on a regular basis. Cricinfo columnist Sambit Bal has described him as the ""most wholesome batsman of his time"". His batting is based on complete balance and poise while limiting unnecessary movements and flourishes. He appears to show little preference for the slow and low wickets which are typical in India, and has scored many centuries on the hard, bouncy pitches in South Africa and Australia. He is known for his unique punch style of hitting the ball over square. He is also renowned for his picture-perfect straight drive, often completed with no follow-through. The straight drive is often said to be his favourite shot. In 2008, Sunil Gavaskar, in an article he wrote in the AFP, remarked that ""it is hard to imagine any player in the history of the game who combines classical technique with raw aggression like the little champion does"". Equipment-wise, his bats tend to be heavier than the average batman.","Cross-dominant Batting with balance, unnecessary movements are limited Unique punch style of hitting the ball over square Textbook straight drive, often with no follow-through His bat is heavier than the average batsman's bat",summarization What are the different types of snowboarding styles?,,"Since snowboarding's inception as an established winter sport, it has developed various styles, each with its own specialized equipment and technique. The most common styles today are: freeride, freestyle, and freecarve/race. These styles are used for both recreational and professional snowboarding. While each style is unique, there is overlap between them.",open_qa How can I make every color of paint?,,"To make paint colors you need the three primary colors: red, yellow, and blue, as well as black and white to adjust shade (black mixed with color) and tint (white mixed with color). The primary colors red and yellow mix to make orange, red and blue mix to make purple, and yellow and blue mix to make green. Other common colors such as pink can be obtained by mixing black white to these base colors. For example, pink can be created by mixing a lot of white with a small amount of red.",open_qa Is it worth buying a multi-unit property as a first-time home buyer?,,"There are multiple benefits to buying a multi-unit property, and some of them are; - You will have multiple Tax benefits depending on the state you're in - Downpayment as low as 3.5% - You can rent one unit, and the amount you collect can cover a significant amount of the loan payment - Return on capital investment will be greater than the regular 20% down payment - It will help to build faster equity - Since it will be held under one loan, your chance of getting a second loan on the following property will be much higher compared to owning a single property - Property rent will increase faster or higher than your property taxes and the monthly loan amount, - Less closing costs",open_qa How to travel from Hamburg to Munich?,,"There are several options to travel from Hamburg to Munich in Germany. Flying is the quickest way to travel between the two cities, there are direct connections with a flight time of around 1 hour 15 minutes. However it can also be the most expensive option and has a high carbon emission. Going by train takes about 6 hours, has less carbon emission and can be a cheaper option. You can also drive by car, the distance is about 800 kilometres and takes around 8 hours.",open_qa "who is a feminist writer : simone de beauvoir, simone veil, virginia woolf, Gisèle halimi, Voltaire, Marquis de Sade",,"simone de beauvoir, simone veil, virginia woolf, Gisèle halimi sont des pionnières du féminisme",classification What outfit should I wear when traveling to San Francisco in May?,,"The weather in San Francisco tends to vacillate between cool and warm temperatures. In order to dress appropriately and be comfortable all day, you should dress in layers. Start with a good pair of jeans, a t-shirt and a lightweight sweater. For your outerwear, choose a puffer jacket to add some insulation in case the wind picks up. Finally, San Francisco is best explored on foot, so wear a comfortable pair of sneakers.",brainstorming What is the plot of Jojo's Bizarre Adventures?,"The universe of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure is a reflection of the real world with the added existence of supernatural forces and beings. In this setting, some people are capable of transforming their inner spiritual power into a Stand (スタンド, Sutando); another significant form of energy is Hamon (波紋, ""Ripple""), a martial arts technique that allows its user to focus bodily energy into sunlight via controlled breathing. The narrative of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure is split into parts with independent stories and different characters. Each of the series' protagonists is a member of the Joestar family, whose mainline descendants possess a star-shaped birthmark above their left shoulder blade and a name that can be abbreviated to the titular ""JoJo"". The first six parts take place within a single continuity whose generational conflict stems from the rivalry between Jonathan Joestar and Dio Brando, while the latter three parts take place in an alternate universe where the Joestar family tree is heavily altered.","JoJo's Bizarre Adventure is a manga and anime about a family called the Joestars with a name that can usually be abbreviated to Jojo. The story takes place in a world similar to the real world but with added supernatural forces such as inner energy personifying into reality called Hamon. In the later parts, a new force emerges called Stands that give each user an additional power. The story is split into parts following a descendant of the Joestar family and the antagonist is usually Dio Brando or an associate.",summarization "From the passage provided, find the names of the sequels to the movie Captain America: The First Avenger. Separate them with a comma.","Captain America: The First Avenger premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on July 19, 2011, and was released in the United States on July 22, as part of Phase One of the MCU. The film was commercially successful, grossing over $370 million worldwide. Critics particularly praised Evans' performance, the film's depiction of its 1940s time period, and Johnston's direction. Two sequels have been released: Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) and Captain America: Civil War (2016).","Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Captain America: Civil War (2016).",information_extraction "In geology, what factors determine the classification of rocks? Place the results in a bullet list","In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. Rocks form the Earth's outer solid layer, the crust, and most of its interior, except for the liquid outer core and pockets of magma in the asthenosphere. The study of rocks involves multiple subdisciplines of geology, including petrology and mineralogy. It may be limited to rocks found on Earth, or it may include planetary geology that studies the rocks of other celestial objects.","- minerals included - chemical composition - way in which the rock is formed",information_extraction Imagine you are the CEO of Tiktok and have to give an argument in front of the Senate on why the US should not ban Tiktok.,,"Hello members of the Senate. My name is Shou Zi Chew, and I am the CEO of Tiktok. Tiktok is a platform that surfaces short videos based on an algorithm that predicts your interests and likelihood of engaging with a video. We have a very large user base who, through engaging with our platform, have found communities that support and provide vast amounts of new knowledge. Not only is Tiktok a source of information and news, we have invested in making sure only appropriate content is surfaced, especially for children. We take privacy and security very seriously. Some members of the Senate are concerned that because Tiktok is held by a Chinese company, that we have secret ties to China. I can assure you that that is not the case. I believe Tiktok has brought users entertainment and education that warrants it to continue operating as a company. Please consider supporting Tiktok. Thank you member of the Senate for taking the time today to learn about Tiktok.",creative_writing What do you think is the best Kanye album of all time?,,"The best Kanye album of all time is a topic of extremely heated debate with many warring factions continuously in flux. The traditional school of thought places My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy at the #1 spot due to its redemption arc origins with Kanye composing it in Hawaii following his famous meltdown at the Grammys where he interrupted long time frenemy Taylor Swift during her acceptance speech to call out Beyonce as being robbed of the Best Music Video award. There are however strong arguments for Kanye's original trilogy of releases from the start of his career with The College Dropout, Late Registration, and Graduation. Graduation being his first stadium album that really skyrocketed Kanye into the mainstream resulting in sold out tours and solidifying pop culture relevance. The fundamentalists fight for The College Dropout as it is a reflection of a simpler time and arguably his most honest and well produced album to date. The construction of this album was the subject of the Netflix 2022 documentary Jeen-yus. At the end of the day, there is no right or wrong answer. Every person has a Kanye album that is their GOAT as it were. One cannot answer this question objectively. Such is life and the question itself reflects that journey so beautifully. Kanye albums are things you feel deep within your heart and resonate with you for a lifetime.",open_qa "Which of the following are prime numbers: 7, 12, 23, 33, 64, 79, 97, and 100.",,"The numbers 7, 23, 79, and 97 are prime numbers. The numbers 12, 33, 64, and 100 are not.",classification "Tell me which of these characters are from the Mario universe: Yoshi, Zelda, King Kong, Luigi, Princess Peach, Link, Bowser, Alex Rodriguez.",,"Yoshi, Luigi, Princess Peach, and Bowser are from the Mario universe.",classification What is a beard?,,A beard is a facial hair style that grows under the nose and on the cheeks as well as on and under the chin.,open_qa what are capers,,"Capers are the small flower buds of the Capparis shrub that grows in the Mediterranean. As they're picked by hand, they're fairly pricey, but they're a versatile storecupboard ingredient that's ideal for adding a distinctive sour/salty flavour to many savoury dishes.",open_qa Which of these are computer video games: Path of Exile; Playstation; Xbox; Nintendo; Starcraft; Civilization,,Path of Exile; Civilization; Starcraft,classification Can you give me a short bulleted list of the Murray-Wright's violent activities of the 1980s?,"In 1987, James Risen of the Los Angeles Times said ""Murray–Wright had become one of the most violent schools in the city."" On October 18, 1985, during homecoming celebrations, four teenagers entered the American football game area in an automobile, two minutes before halftime during the Public School League game between Murray–Wright and Northwestern High School. When the car pulled behind the grandstands, one teenager fired on a crowd of 300 people with a shotgun, causing seven people to receive injuries. Six of the injured were teenagers, ranged in age from 13 to 19. One received critical injuries. All six received treatment at the Detroit Receiving Hospital. The shootings occurred at 4:15 PM, and the suspects left the scene. This shooting was the week's second shooting that had high school students involved. The shooting was the second one in a month in which Homecoming activities were involved. Police said that one of the suspects had been involved in a fight on an earlier occasion. On April 16, 1987, a student at Murray–Wright entered the school parking lot and shot 17-year-old Chester Jackson, a junior running back, in the head, killing him. The attacker went into the gymnasium and shot 18-year-old Damon Matthews, a basketball player, in the face. Tomeka Turner, an 18-year-old, was wounded. Risen said that Turner's injuries occurred ""apparently in the school's corridors as the attacker fled the building."" The youth with facial injuries received treatment at the Detroit Receiving Hospital. The incident occurred around noon. The attacker, Michael Schofield, was 14 at the time of the crime. Schofield, 15 years old at sentencing, was sentenced to serve in a juvenile correctional facility until he turned 19. Schofield killed four people in 2003 during an attempted robbery of a convenience store in Westland, Michigan, and then killed himself. The Los Angeles Times News Service said that the 1987 Murray–Wright shooting was the incident that put ""most clearly into focus"" the epidemic of youth violence in Detroit. After the murder and shootings, school officials started a plan to reduce violence in the school. The school was closed for two days as officials held special assemblies concerning school violence. The school officials said that of the students who appeared at the assemblies at Murray–Wright, half appeared with their parents. This occurred despite fears that few parents would appear.","I'd be happy to give you a list of Murray–Wright High School's violent acts of the 1980s: - On October 18, 1985 four teenagers shot upon a crowd attending a homecoming football game injuring seven. - On April 16, 1987, a 14 year old Murray-Wright student named Michael Schofield shot and killed 17-year old Chester Jackson. He proceeded to shoot an 18 year-old in the face and wound another before fleeing the scene. Let me know if you'd like any other information about Murray-Wright High School.",summarization name some famous rock songs in the 1970s,,"Many believe that the 1970s were the golden age of rock bands, and there are hundreds of beautiful songs from this period. Here are just some famous songs that are still very popular on the streaming platforms: 1. Hotel California, Eagles, 1975 2. Stairway to Heaven, Led Zeppelin, 1971 3. Dream On, Aerosmith, 1973 4. Bohemian Rhapsody, Queen, 1975 5. Another brick in the wall: Pink Floyd, 1979",open_qa What us foosball?,,Foosball is also known as table football. Its a table game where two players use rods or sticks that can be pulled and pushed that that control plastic figures that kick a small plastic soccer ball. This is a great table games that is fun at parties and social events.,open_qa What is the empire state building?,,"The empire state building is a building in Manhattan, New York. It is 102 stories high and features an art-deco inner and outer appearance. It was built in 1931 and is a steel framed skyscraper. In 1931 it was considered the tallest building in the world until 1971.",open_qa "Given this paragraph, what are the potential advantages or disadvantages of using XGBoost versus a single decision tree?","While the XGBoost model often achieves higher accuracy than a single decision tree, it sacrifices the intrinsic interpretability of decision trees. For example, following the path that a decision tree takes to make its decision is trivial and self-explained, but following the paths of hundreds or thousands of trees is much harder. To achieve both performance and interpretability, some model compression techniques allow transforming an XGBoost into a single ""born-again"" decision tree that approximates the same decision function",One advantage of using XGBoost over a single decision tree is that it frequently achieves higher accuracy. One disadvantage is that it sacrifices interpretability because it is much more difficult to follow the path of hundreds or thousands of trees.,closed_qa Where do black walnut trees grow?,"Juglans nigra, the eastern American black walnut, is a species of deciduous tree in the walnut family, Juglandaceae, native to North America. It grows mostly in riparian zones, from southern Ontario, west to southeast South Dakota, south to Georgia, northern Florida and southwest to central Texas. Wild trees in the upper Ottawa Valley may be an isolated native population or may have derived from planted trees.","North America from southern Ontario, west to southeast South Dakota, south to Georgia, northern Florida and southwest to central Texas.",information_extraction What is an Incorporation?,,"This means forming a company. Some companies have limited liability. In other words, the members of the company are not personally liable for debts which the company runs up, as long as the company is run properly.",open_qa What is repetition?,,"Repetition is doing the same thing over and over again. Repetition helps you get good at certain hobbies and activities that require a lot of practice. Some of these activities can be riding a bike, bowling, running, sports, gymnastics, or speaking another language. Repetition is also used in school to help with test preparation in English and Mathematics. Repetition literally means the repetition of words or the repeating meaning of a word.",open_qa What is dihydrogen monoxide?,,"Dihydrogen monoxide, the molecule composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, is a stable substance that is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid at room temperature. It is almost always referred to as ""water"" instead of ""dihydrogen monoxide."" It is abundant on Earth and a vital nutrient to all living things.",open_qa How to optimize space usage in garage,,"Based on the size of the garage the most left over space you can use to anything else will be the space left after the cars are parked. And that space is usually by the wall. However; there is one interesting aspect that can be considered and that's the vertical space. Usually the space close to the ceiling. One of the things you can do is look for study heavy duty hooks that can be put high up on the garage walls. These hooks than can be used to hold Bicycles, Ladders, Backyard equipments and several other things. Get creative !!",brainstorming Why you need to save Money,,Because you need it for emergency . You do not know you can not earn money always.,brainstorming "Which of the following is a type of pasta: lasagna, sushi, or burrito?",,"Of the things listed, lasagna is pasta, while sushi and burrito are not.",classification What are all the ways I can get around in San Francisco?,,"In San Francisco, there are four main ways to get around the city. Those ways are by car, by public transit, by foot or by bikes and scooters. Because San Francisco has many public transportation and ride share options, many residents choose not to own a car. For public transportation, there are buses, trolleys, trains, subways and hybrid buses and trains called Munis. The subway in San Francisco is called Bart (Bay Area Rapid Transit), and it even goes under the San Francisco Bay to cities like Oakland. For getting around by foot, walking is a good option for many areas of San Francisco. Bikes and scooters will help cover longer distances. Shared ride services like taxis, Ubers and Lyft are available throughout the city. Many of those services offer rentals of bikes, scooters, mopeds and ebikes.",brainstorming "Which countries besides the five recognized Nuclear Weapons States have acquired, or are presumed to have acquired, nuclear weapons?","Nuclear proliferation is the spread of nuclear weapons, fissionable material, and weapons-applicable nuclear technology and information to nations not recognized as ""Nuclear Weapon States"" by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT. Proliferation has been opposed by many nations with and without nuclear weapons, as governments fear that more countries with nuclear weapons will increase the possibility of nuclear warfare (up to and including the so-called countervalue targeting of civilians with nuclear weapons), de-stabilize international or regional relations, or infringe upon the national sovereignty of nation states. Four countries besides the five recognized Nuclear Weapons States have acquired, or are presumed to have acquired, nuclear weapons: India, Pakistan, North Korea, and Israel. None of these four is a party to the NPT, although North Korea acceded to the NPT in 1985, then withdrew in 2003 and conducted its first nuclear test in 2006. One critique of the NPT is that the treaty is discriminatory in the sense that only those countries that tested nuclear weapons before 1968 are recognized as nuclear weapon states while all other states are treated as non-nuclear-weapon states who can only join the treaty if they forswear nuclear weapons. Research into the development of nuclear weapons was initially undertaken during World War II by the United States (in cooperation with the United Kingdom and Canada), Germany, Japan, and the USSR. The United States was the first and is the only country to have used a nuclear weapon in war, when it used two bombs against Japan in August 1945. After surrendering to end the war, Germany and Japan ceased to be involved in any nuclear weapon research. In August 1949, the USSR tested a nuclear weapon, becoming the second country to detonate a nuclear bomb. The United Kingdom first tested a nuclear weapon in October 1952. France first tested a nuclear weapon in 1960. The People's Republic of China detonated a nuclear weapon in 1964. India conducted its first nuclear test in 1974, which prompted Pakistan to develop its own nuclear program and, when India conducted a second series of nuclear tests in 1998, Pakistan followed with a series of tests of its own. In 2006, North Korea conducted its first nuclear test.","India, Pakistan, North Korea, and Israel.",information_extraction What is primary innovation that a piano delivered over a harpsichord?,,"Since a harpsichord plucks the strings the same way each time in response to a keystroke, it delivers the same loudness for each note. A piano on the other hand uses padded hammers to strike the strings, and allows the musician to control each strike in such a way that they have control over the dynamics of each note. This control allows pianists to express a broad range of emotions by adjusting the loudness and softness according to the feelings they want to convey to the listener.",open_qa Why is my car making a clicking sound when I try to start it? The lights are turning on for a little bit but the engine is not turning over. My car is not that old!,,"It is likely that your bar battery is causing this issue. Your battery may have enough power to tun on the lights and connect to the starter, but not sufficient voltage to start your car. Modern car batteries last an average of three years, so if your car battery is three years or older it is within the replacement window. You can have your battery tested at an auto parts store or mechanic to confirm if it is a battery issue, or if there could be another issue, such as an alternator issue.",open_qa Give me a bulleted list of Aaron Fenster's accomplishments.,"Aaron Fenster is a medical physicist at the University of Western Ontario Robarts Research Institute in London, Ontario, Canada. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013 for his contributions to medical imaging and three-dimensional ultrasound-guided interventions. He is also a fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences and co-program director of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Imaging Program. He holds Ph.D. from the University of Toronto and received further training at the Ontario Cancer Institute.","""- Medical physicist at the University of Western Ontario Robarts Research Institute. - Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences. - Co-program director of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Imaging Program. - Completed a Ph.D. from the University of Toronto.""",closed_qa "Based on this paragraph, give me a summary of what a kidney donor chain is.","Exchanges and chains are a novel approach to expand the living donor pool. In February 2012, this novel approach to expand the living donor pool resulted in the largest chain in the world, involving 60 participants organized by the National Kidney Registry. In 2014 the record for the largest chain was broken again by a swap involving 70 participants. The acceptance of altruistic donors has enabled chains of transplants to form. Kidney chains are initiated when an altruistic donor donates a kidney to a patient who has a willing but incompatible donor. This incompatible donor then 'pays it forward' and passes on the generosity to another recipient who also had a willing but incompatible donor. Michael Rees from the University of Toledo developed the concept of open-ended chains. This was a variation of a concept developed at Johns Hopkins University. On 30 July 2008, an altruistic donor kidney was shipped via commercial airline from Cornell to UCLA, thus triggering a chain of transplants. The shipment of living donor kidneys, computer-matching software algorithms, and cooperation between transplant centers has enabled long-elaborate chains to be formed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_transplantation","When a donor wishes to give their kidney to a specific patient but they are not a match with that patient, they can join a kidney donor chain to accelerate the process of finding an organ for the patient. In exchange for giving their kidney to another patient, the patient they had wanted to help can be paired with another donor who is a match for them but not for the patient to whom they wish to donate their kidney.",summarization Write a description of your favorite place to visit in San Francisco and why you like it so much.,,"My favorite place in San Francisco is the JFK promenade in Golden Gate Park, which is a dedicated pedestrian walkway in Golden Gate park. The promenade is decorated with street paintings, art exhibits and public sitting places. It also goes near iconic parts of Golden Gate Park such as the DeYoung Museum and the Academy of Sciences. I love that it is always bustling with people enjoying the natural beauty of the park and getting to experience San Francisco like the locals.",creative_writing Are Air Fryers safe to use?,,"Air Fryers are really just small sized convection ovens (or OTGs) with a fan to circulate hot air more efficiently than in a large oven. This allows you to dehydrate the surface of foods really quickly and with very little oil. As long as you don't char your food till it's visibly dark brown or black all over, air fried food is perfectly safe! Convection baking has been used by human beings since the dawn of cooking, and air fryers (despite their name) use the exact same physics of hot air transferring heat to food. And if you are someone looking to cut down calories from fat and also like crispy textures, this appliance is perfect for you. As always, focus on what you are ultimately eating rather than the appliance.",open_qa What is Cricket?,"Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the center of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are ""out""). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information.","Cricket is a bat and ball game, invented in England. The earliest reference to cricket is in South East England in the mid-16th century. It spread globally with the expansion of the British Empire, with the first international matches in the second half of the 19th century. The game's governing body is the International Cricket Council (ICC), which has over 100 members, twelve of which are full members who play Test matches. The game's rules, the Laws of Cricket, are maintained by Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in London. The sport is followed primarily in South Asia, Australasia, the United Kingdom, Southern Africa and the West Indies. There are 3 main forms/editions of Cricket: Test matches (usually lasting 5 days), ODI (one day international) usually lasting 6-8 hours, and more recent and popular T20 usually lasting 3-4 hours.",closed_qa How can I thicken my soup recipe?,,"If you want to make your soup thicker, try adding a small amount of cornstarch. This can help the soup to be less thin and runny. If it is a creamy soup, instead of using skim or 1% milk, try using whole milk or even heavy cream. Both of these will add more body to the soup you are making. Not a fan of dairy? Try out coconut cream, but know this could change the flavor profile slightly.",creative_writing Which country is the state of Illinois apart of?,,The United States of America,open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the year Kabaddi was added to Asian Games","Kabaddi is a sport developed centered on Jallikattu. It is common among the Ayar tribal people who lived in the Mullai geographical region of ancient Tamil Nadu. A player going to the opposition is treated like a Bull. It is like taming a bull without touching it, as it is mentioned in Sangam Literature that the game called Sadugudu was practised since ages. There are also accounts of Gautam Buddha having played the game recreationally. There is another version to this sport origins and rich history, Legend has it that kabaddi originated in Tamil Nadu over 4,000 years ago. The game was said to have been popular among the Yadava people. An Abhang by Tukaram stated that the lord Krishna played the game in his youth. Modern kabaddi is a synthesis of the game played in various forms under different names in the Indian subcontinent. India has been first credited with having helped to popularise kabaddi as a competitive sport, with the first organized competitions occurring in the 1920s, their introduction to the programme of the Indian Olympic Games in 1938, the establishment of the All-India Kabaddi Federation in 1950, and it being played as a demonstration sport at the inaugural 1951 Asian Games in New Delhi. These developments helped to formalize the sport, which had traditionally been played in villages, for legitimate international competition. After being demonstrated again at the 1982 Asian Games in Delhi, Kabaddi was added to the Asian Games programme beginning in 1990.",Kabaddi was added to the Asian Games programme beginning in 1990.,information_extraction What do vaccines do?,,Vaccines expose the immune system to a small amount of a disease so that the immune system learns how to fight it. This prevents the patient from getting the actual disease in the future,open_qa "Given the paragraph about Independence Day, the Thirteen Colonies were not free from which Monarch?","Independence Day (colloquially the Fourth of July) is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the Declaration of Independence, which was ratified by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, establishing the United States of America. The Founding Father delegates of the Second Continental Congress declared that the Thirteen Colonies were no longer subject (and subordinate) to the monarch of Britain, King George III, and were now united, free, and independent states. The Congress voted to approve independence by passing the Lee Resolution on July 2 and adopted the Declaration of Independence two days later, on July 4. Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family reunions, political speeches, and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States. Independence Day is the national day of the United States.","The monarch of Britain, King George III",closed_qa What is SSL?,,"Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link between a server and a client, typically a web server (website) and a browser, or a mail server and a mail client.",open_qa My chickens keep getting eaten by foxes. What should I do?,,Buy a coop for your chickens and put your chickens into their coop at night. Build a fence around the coop so that the foxes cannot enter the coop. Examine the coop and the fence for any holes that foxes can use to slip in and patch up any of these holes.,brainstorming What is The Netherlands?,,"The Netherlands is a country in Europe, it's capital is Amsterdam and around 18 million people live in the Netherlands.",open_qa What is the meaning of the information age,,"The Information Age (also known as the Computer Age, Digital Age, Silicon Age, or New Media Age) is a historical period that began in the mid-20th century. It is characterized by a rapid shift from traditional industries, as established during the Industrial Revolution, to an economy centered on information technology. The onset of the Information Age has been linked to the development of the transistor in 1947, the optical amplifier in 1957, and Unix time, which began on January 1, 1970. These technological advances have had a significant impact on the way information is processed and transmitted. According to the United Nations Public Administration Network, the Information Age was formed by capitalizing on computer microminiaturization advances, which led to modernized information systems and internet communications as the driving force of social evolution.",open_qa what makes the Sun bright ?,,The sun is a huge massive sphere of gas and it is powered by the energy released by turning hydrogen to helium at its core. This process is called nuclear fusion reaction. Nuclear fusion involves two or more nuclei combining together to form one or more different atomic nuclei. Nuclear fusion releases termendous amount of energy in the form of light and heat.,open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Boobam, Orutu",,"Boobam is percussion, Orutu is string.",classification What are snowshoes?,,"Snowshoes provide a way for people to walk on top of snow without sinking in by spreading their weight over a wider surface than typical shoes. The typical snowshoe is made of metal or wood, has a strap for attaching regular shoes or boots, and often also has some sharp grip at the bottom to help prevent slipping on ice.",open_qa What can I make with leftover stale bread?,,"You can pulse it in the food processor to make bread crumbs. You can bake it by itself to make croutons. You can bake it in the oven with other ingredients to make dishes such as bread pudding, french onion soup. You can cook it on a stovetop to make french toast. You can also use it to make stuffing for a turkey.",brainstorming How do you train for a half marathon?,,"To train for a half marathon, build up your running volume over the course of a months. At first, start with just a couple of 2-3 mile runs per week. Then increase mileage no more than 10% per week up to 15-20 miles total per week. To reduce injury risk, do 80% of your running at slow pace. This will allow you to build an aerobic base without putting too much load on your body. On the remaining 20%, go hard and push your limits. On the race day, make sure to get enough rest and eat a good breakfast. Try to do a warm up mile before the race even starts. Then during the race, find the pacer that is running at your speed, and stick with the group for most of the race. In the last half mile, sprint to the finish!",open_qa What are some ways to get promoted at your job?,,"To get promoted at work you have to first be succeeding at your current role, make sure you are on time, have a good attitude, and are completing the tasks assigned to you. To get promoted you should take on more responsibilities- start a side project, help your teammates with challenges, spearhead a new initiative, etc.",brainstorming What is the least common birthday?,,"The least common birthday in the modern Gregorian calendar is February 29. This is because of leap years, as February 29 occurs only a bit more than a quarter of the time in any given calendar year. However excluding February 29, in most Western countries the least common birthday is December 25. For instance, in the United States between 1973 and 1999, September 16 is the most common birthday and December 25 the least common birthday. Some other uncommon birthdays in the West are January 1, December 24, and April 1. The least common birthday is usually a holiday when most people take time off work. There are multiple reasons why these days have fewer births, but one reason is that doctors are less likely to schedule cesarean births on such days. April 1 is an exception, and is likely because parents who are able to choose not to give birth on that day, to prevent their children from being bullied for having their birthday on April Fool's Day. This question is harder to answer in many non-Western countries as there is less easily accessible data. For example in a survey of students in India between 2007 and 2012, the statistics show much more births just before school opens, and on round days like the 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th. This indicates much of the data may be faked.",open_qa Write a short story about a woman named Mary who is a barista making a latte.,,"Mary was a barista at the local coffee shop. She has worked at this specific cafe for over 5 years and has learned to love the job, and has grown close to her coworkers and regular customers. While Mary is a specialist in preparing many types of coffee and tea drinks, her favorite of all time was to make the latte. One morning around 8:00 am, a regular customer named Eric came into the cafe. Eric usually orders a latte every morning around the same time and Mary really enjoys preparing his drink. When Mary saw Eric walk in, she started preparing his drink without even asking what he would order. First Mary greeted Eric and engaged in some small talk, conversing about the seasonally warm weather we were having. While simultaneously having this conversation, Mary was in process of making the coffee drink. Mary first ground 18g of espresso roast coffee on a fine grind setting. Once the coffee was ground, she filled the portafilter with the ground coffee. Once the portafilter was full of coffee, Mary tamped the coffee with a tamper, using about 30 pounds of force. When the portafilter was ready, she fixed it upon the espresso machine. Next Mary filled a milk pitcher with 12 ounces of whole milk. She then took the pitcher, held it to the steam wand, and started steaming the milk. For the first 5 seconds, she held the milk just below the surface of the milk to aerate the milk, and then moved the pitcher up so the steam wand was fully emerged. While the milk was steaming, Mary pressed the espresso button on the machine to start the pouring of the espresso into the two shot glasses. Mary was an expert in doing multiple latte making tasks simultaneously. As the milk finished steaming, she removed the pitcher, wiped down the steam wand, and set the milk aside. At that time, the espresso shots were done, and Mary poured the espresso from the shot glasses into the 16 oz paper cup. She then took the steamed milk and poured it over the espresso shots in the cup. She poured the milk in a specific way that would create latte art, this time she made a little heart out of the milk and foam. Once all the milk was poured, she put a cup on the coffee and handed the coffee over to Eric, who she was still having a conversation with. Once he received the coffee, Eric scanned his gift card on the computer which Mary had prepared for payment for the latte. After Eric was done paying, he took a sip of the drink and complimented Mary for another excellently prepared latte. After taking his sip, Eric then left the store, and got into this car, and drove away. It was moments like this every morning that reminded Mary why she loves this job so much, and looked forward to helping more customers for the remainder of her shift that morning.",creative_writing What is the difference between a clan and a tribe,"In different cultures and situations, a clan usually has different meaning than other kin-based groups, such as tribes and bands. Often, the distinguishing factor is that a clan is a smaller, integral part of a larger society such as a tribe, chiefdom, or a state. In some societies, clans may have an official leader such as a chief, matriarch or patriarch; or such leadership role is performed by elders. In others, leadership positions may have to be achieved. The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. Its definition is contested, in part due to conflicting theoretical understandings of social and kinship structures, and also reflecting the problematic application of this concept to extremely diverse human societies. The concept is often contrasted by anthropologists with other social and kinship groups, being hierarchically larger than a lineage or clan, but smaller than a chiefdom, nation or state. These terms are equally disputed. In some cases tribes have legal recognition and some degree of political autonomy from national or federal government, but this legalistic usage of the term may conflict with anthropological definitions. In the United States, Native American tribes are legally considered to have ""domestic dependent nation"" status within the territorial United States, with a government-to-government relationship with the federal government.","In different cultures and situations, a clan usually has different meaning than other kin-based groups, such as tribes and bands. Often, the distinguishing factor is that a clan is a smaller, integral part of a larger society such as a tribe, chiefdom, or a state. In some societies, clans may have an official leader such as a chief, matriarch or patriarch; or such leadership role is performed by elders. In others, leadership positions may have to be achieved. The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. Its definition is contested, in part due to conflicting theoretical understandings of social and kinship structures, and also reflecting the problematic application of this concept to extremely diverse human societies. The concept is often contrasted by anthropologists with other social and kinship groups, being hierarchically larger than a lineage or clan, but smaller than a chiefdom, nation or state. These terms are equally disputed. In some cases tribes have legal recognition and some degree of political autonomy from national or federal government, but this legalistic usage of the term may conflict with anthropological definitions. In the United States, Native American tribes are legally considered to have ""domestic dependent nation"" status within the territorial United States, with a government-to-government relationship with the federal government.",summarization What is the best way to lose weight?,,"Cut carbs, calorie deficit.",brainstorming "Using this definition, can you summarize why hyperventilation is considered dangerous?","Voluntary hyperventilation before beginning voluntary apnea is commonly believed to allow the person involved to safely hold their breath for a longer period. In reality, it will give the impression that one does not need to breathe, while the body is actually experiencing a blood-oxygen level that would normally, and indirectly, invoke a strong dyspnea and eventually involuntary breathing. Some have incorrectly attributed the effect of hyperventilation to increased oxygen in the blood, not realizing that it is actually due to a decrease in CO2 in the blood and lungs. Blood leaving the lungs is normally fully saturated with oxygen, so hyperventilation of normal air cannot increase the amount of oxygen available, as oxygen in blood is the direct factor. Lowering the CO2 concentration increases the pH of the blood, thus increasing the time before blood becomes acidic enough so the respiratory center becomes stimulated, as described above. The primary urge to breathe is triggered by rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the bloodstream. Carbon dioxide builds up in the bloodstream when oxygen is metabolized and it needs to be expelled as a waste product. The body detects carbon dioxide levels very accurately and relies on this as the primary trigger to control breathing. Hyperventilation artificially depletes the resting concentration of carbon dioxide causing a low blood carbon dioxide condition called hypocapnia. Hypocapnia reduces the reflexive respiratory drive, allowing the delay of breathing and leaving the diver susceptible to loss of consciousness from hypoxia. For most healthy people, the first sign of low oxygen levels is a greyout or unconsciousness: there is no bodily sensation that warns a diver of an impending blackout. If a person loses consciousness underwater, there is considerable danger that they will drown. An alert diving partner or nearby lifeguard would be in the best position to rescue such a person. Static apnea blackout occurs at the surface when a motionless diver holds their breath long enough for the circulating oxygen in blood to fall below that required for the brain to maintain consciousness. It involves no pressure changes in the body and is usually performed to enhance breath-hold time. It should never be practiced alone, but under strict safety protocols with a safety guard or equipment beside the diver.","Hyperventilation does not increase the amount of oxygen available but artificially decreases carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in blood and lungs. Because the primary urge to breathe is triggered by rising carbon dioxide levels, it gives false impression that one does not need to breath. This can lead to sudden lost of consciousness. If this happens underwater, there is a considerable risk of drowning. This is why hyperventilation is considered as dangerous and should be avoided.",summarization Are plastic bags and containers bad for the environment?,,"In short, yes. Surprisingly, though, that has not always been the consensus, and in some cases, it is not true. In the 1970s energy crisis, reducing the weight of materials, and increasing the shelf life of goods (which helps with optimizing transportation methods) were widely lauded as environmentally positive. In short, paper bags weigh more than plastic bags, and transportation requires fossil fuels, and of course fossil fuels impact the environment in widely documented ways. Also, some plastics like PET have great recycling track records. So if it reduces energy consumption, increases shelf life, and can be recycled it seems like a huge environmental win. However, plastics are very durable, and now micro-plastics are everywhere. They are in the deepest ocean trenches, accumulated in many species of animals and plants, and will be for our lifetimes. Their toxicity and negative impacts are just beginning to be understood. This has driven the removal of ""single use plastics"" from a lot of commerce, with further reductions called for by environmental groups worldwide.",creative_writing Can you explain how I can analyze Simba logs?,,"A typical Simba driver log line to would like like below Feb 21 20:17:16.525 TRACE 1542911745 Simba::ODBC::Statement::SQLFetch: +++++ enter +++++ One can use regular expression based match to parse this log line to split the fields to derive meaningful insights. For example, the fields can be split into - timestamp - loglevel - pid - message The last message field is a long string which encapsulates a lot of important information but can be classified as below by splitting this further based on the :: delimiter. - Namespace - Class - Method - Details There are 2 types of Simba logs Connection Logs - Useful for getting connection attributes like agent, driver versions, operation status calls, connection failures, SSL errors etc Driver Logs - This helps to analyze actual details around data fetch performance. Some examples to derive meaningful insights from connection logs Extract unique query identifier using keyword search within the message for ""THandleIdentifier"" or a guid pattern Some examples to derive meaningful insights from driver logs How long did an actual data fetch block take can be inspected using the time difference between the blocks. SQLFetch*Enter SQLFetch*Exit Within each fetch block, you can look for below log lines to understand if it was a row-by-row fetch if you see a log of SQLGetData blocks. SQLGetData*Enter SQLGetData*Exit There is other miscellaneous information logged by Simba driver for preceding requests such as closing a query or a session where an actual identifier needs to be sent along with the request, think of it as a payload for a REST API post request where you also need to send a payload along with the request. Overall, deriving meaningful information from the Simba driver logs require a bit of analysis before actually realizing the benefits of such analysis, most of the details are cryptic. Brainstorming other ideas with Simba product team would be fantastic.",brainstorming What was the first credit card,,Diners Club,open_qa "Given a reference text about Qamus, when was it attacked and defeated?","Qamus (القموص) was one of the fortresses of the Jewish poet Al-Rabi ibn Abu al-Huqayq, and his Jewish tribe called Banu Nadir. The fortress was situated near Khaybar in what is now Saudi Arabia. The fortress was attacked by Muslim forces and defeated circa 629/30 CE. It was after this event that Muhammad married Safiyyah bint Huyayy. The Jewish presence in the region has been attested to the late seventh century who pioneered the cultivation in the area. It has traditionally been identified with the remains of the Husn al-Qamus (Qamus Fortress) in the old Khaybar oasis, though there's no direct archaeological evidence for this.",Qamus was attacked and defeated by Muslim forced near the year 630 CE,closed_qa Who was found guilty for the murder of Nualchawee Petchrung?,"Nualchawee Petchrung (Thai: นวลฉวี เพชรรุ่ง, also spelled Nuanchawee) was a Thai nurse who was murdered by her medical doctor husband, Athip Suyansethakarn, on 10 September 1959. The investigation and trial received sensational coverage in the media—Siang Ang Thong newspaper, which later became the country's top circulating daily Thai Rath, gained popularity from its coverage of the case, which regularly filled the front page—and the case became one of the best known murders in Thailand. Athip was found guilty and sentenced to death, but was later pardoned. Nonthaburi Bridge, where her body was disposed into the Chao Phraya River, is still commonly known as Nualchawee Bridge, and evidence from the case is on display at the Songkran Niyomsane Forensic Medicine Museum.","Athip Suyansethakarn was found guilty of murdering his wife, Nualchawee Petchrung.",closed_qa Why do people live in homes?,,"People live in homes because its a way to protect you from the elements of nature like storms, heavy rain, lightning, heat and humidity. Its a place that offers comfort with air conditioning, offers a comfortable place to sleep, and offers a comfortable place to cook and eat and have entertaining activities like television, and spending time with your family.",open_qa Where were the 13th South Asian Games held?,,"They were held in 3 cities of Nepal-Kathmandu, Pokhara & Janakpur",open_qa "Given a reference text about the Battle of Baghaur, tell me who was in the battle and who won.","The Battle of Baghaur was fought between the Sikh forces led by Guru Gobind Singh and the Baghaur forces led by Shiv Partap at Rajasthan. Background Daya Singh and Dharam Singh were sent to the embassy of Aurangzeb to send a letter written by Guru Gobind Singh called the Zafarnama. Aurangzeb was moved by the letter and invited the Guru. At Baghaur in Rajasthan, Daya Singh and Dharam Singh met the guru. There he also heard the news that Aurangzeb had died in his camp at Ahmadnagar. The residents were, for some unknown reason, scared from the Guru and planned to attack him. They were mainly terrified of the Guru's caravan which is what made the Guru store it somewhere for a few days. A few days had passed and the Sikhs went on to check the caravan camels. They had gone missing. They had consumed orchard trees, which made a gardener confiscate them. He further beat up the camel driver and took him hostage. Battle After the camel incident, 15 Sikhs went in and attempted to negotiate the release of the camels and the driver. The gardener refused and the Sikhs fought. This led to state soldiers launching a counterattack and a battle ensued which lasted 2 days long. Many casualties occurred during this period of time. The Sikhs had successfully plundered the city but the fort still remained. As the fight entered the third day, Dharam Singh with the Sikhs made a dash and kept fighting and killing everyone. Peace was proclaimed but on the day the Raja arrived, the hostilities continued. Dharam Singh killed the rajas command-in-chief while the guru finished the raja himself. The Raja's force made a complete surrender which resulted in a Sikh victory.",The Sikh forces defeated Baghaur forces in the Battle of Baghaur.,closed_qa Why do some people select private schools over public schools?,,"Some of the typical reasons people select private schools over public schools are 1. They can afford private school and believe they can get marginal advantages 2. Private schools offer a smaller student to teacher ratio 3. Private schools have connections to some of the niche colleges 4. The curriculum is usually ahead of the public school for the same grade.",open_qa What should I do this spring in San Francisco?,,"During the spring time, people in San Francisco enjoy visiting the parks for the cherry blossom, check out the open markets when the weather is nice, and explore the Golden Gate Park. If you want to venture farther, you can enjoy the wildflower festival in Half Moon Bay, take the ferry to Sausalito, or even spot Humpback whales in the Bay Area!",brainstorming What is the New Administrative Capital of Egypt?,"The New Administrative Capital (NAC) (Arabic: العاصمة الإدارية الجديدة, romanized: al-ʿĀṣima al-ʾIdārīya al-Gadīda) is a new urban community in Cairo Governorate, Egypt and a satellite of Cairo City. It is planned to be Egypt's new capital and has been under construction since 2015. It was announced by the then Egyptian housing minister Mostafa Madbouly at the Egypt Economic Development Conference on 13 March 2015. The capital city is considered one of the projects for economic development, and is part of a larger initiative called Egypt Vision 2030.",The New Administrative Capital is planned city that will replace Cairo as the capital or Egypt. Construction has been underway since 2015 and is planned to be ready by 2030.,summarization What is a community structure in the study of complex networks?,"In the study of complex networks, a network is said to have community structure if the nodes of the network can be easily grouped into (potentially overlapping) sets of nodes such that each set of nodes is densely connected internally. In the particular case of non-overlapping community finding, this implies that the network divides naturally into groups of nodes with dense connections internally and sparser connections between groups. But overlapping communities are also allowed. The more general definition is based on the principle that pairs of nodes are more likely to be connected if they are both members of the same community(ies), and less likely to be connected if they do not share communities. A related but different problem is community search, where the goal is to find a community that a certain vertex belongs to.","In the study of complex networks, a network is said to have community structure if the nodes of the network can be easily grouped into (potentially overlapping) sets of nodes such that each set of nodes is densely connected internally.",closed_qa Who discovered the double-helix DNA structure?,,James Watson and Francis Crick identified the double-helix structure of deoxyribonucleic acid in 1953.,open_qa "Without quoting directly from the text, briefly describe how the United Kingdom was formed from its constituent countries.","The British monarchy traces its origins from the petty kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England and early medieval Scotland, which consolidated into the kingdoms of England and Scotland by the 10th century. England was conquered by the Normans in 1066, after which Wales also gradually came under the control of Anglo-Normans. The process was completed in the 13th century when the Principality of Wales became a client state of the English kingdom. Meanwhile, Magna Carta began the process of reducing the English monarch's political powers. In the 16th century, English and Scottish monarchs played a central role in what became the religious English Reformation and Scottish Reformation. From 1603, the English and Scottish kingdoms were ruled by a single sovereign. From 1649 to 1660, the tradition of monarchy was broken by the republican Commonwealth of England, which followed the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Following the installation of William III and Mary II as co-monarchs in the Glorious Revolution, the Bill of Rights 1689, and its Scottish counterpart the Claim of Right Act 1689, further curtailed the power of the monarchy and excluded Roman Catholics from succession to the throne. In 1707, the kingdoms of England and Scotland were merged to create the Kingdom of Great Britain, and in 1801, the Kingdom of Ireland joined to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The British monarch was the nominal head of the vast British Empire, which covered a quarter of the world's land area at its greatest extent in 1921.","The United Kingdom is now made up of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. These countries were finally united in 1801, after England and Scotland (which had merged in 1707) were joined by the Kingdom of Ireland.",summarization What your favorite teaching of Stoicism?,,"Stoicism has three key disciplines: Discipline of Desire, Discipline of Action, and Discipline of Assent. The Discipline of Assent focuses on approaching life with clarity -- your choices, opinions, desires and aversions rest with you. I find this is particularly helpful in staying focused on the here and now and avoiding negative thoughts. This allows me to focus only on what I can control and stay present.",creative_writing Extract the key elements from the paragraph about Apple and list them in bullet points,"Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California. Apple is the largest technology company by revenue, totaling US$394.3 billion in 2022. As of March 2023, Apple is the world's biggest company by market capitalization. As of June 2022, Apple is the fourth-largest personal computer vendor by unit sales and second-largest mobile phone manufacturer. It is one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet (known for Google), Amazon, Meta (known for Facebook), and Microsoft. Apple was founded as Apple Computer Company on April 1, 1976, by Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs and Ronald Wayne to develop and sell Wozniak's Apple I personal computer. It was incorporated by Jobs and Wozniak as Apple Computer, Inc. in 1977. The company's second computer, the Apple II, became a best seller and one of the first mass-produced microcomputers. Apple went public in 1980 to instant financial success. The company developed computers featuring innovative graphical user interfaces, including the 1984 original Macintosh, announced that year in a critically acclaimed advertisement. By 1985, the high cost of its products, and power struggles between executives, caused problems. Wozniak stepped back from Apple amicably and pursued other ventures, while Jobs resigned bitterly and founded NeXT, taking some Apple employees with him. As the market for personal computers expanded and evolved throughout the 1990s, Apple lost considerable market share to the lower-priced duopoly of the Microsoft Windows operating system on Intel-powered PC clones (also known as ""Wintel""). In 1997, weeks away from bankruptcy, the company bought NeXT to resolve Apple's unsuccessful operating system strategy and entice Jobs back to the company. Over the next decade, Jobs guided Apple back to profitability through a number of tactics including introducing the iMac, iPod, iPhone and iPad to critical acclaim, launching the ""Think different"" campaign and other memorable advertising campaigns, opening the Apple Store retail chain, and acquiring numerous companies to broaden the company's product portfolio. When Jobs resigned in 2011 for health reasons, and died two months later, he was succeeded as CEO by Tim Cook. Apple became the first publicly traded U.S. company to be valued at over $1 trillion in August 2018, then $2 trillion in August 2020, and $3 trillion in January 2022. As of January 2023, it was valued at around $2.2 trillion. The company receives criticism regarding the labor practices of its contractors, its environmental practices, and its business ethics, including anti-competitive practices and materials sourcing. Nevertheless, the company has a large following and enjoys a high level of brand loyalty. It is ranked as one of the world's most valuable brands.","1. Apple is an American multination technology company with revenues of over $394.3 billion as of 2022. 2. Apple is the 4th largest personal computer vendor by unit sales and the second-largest mobile phone manufacturer. 3. Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Rold Wayne on April 1, 1976. 4. Steve Jobs guided Apple to profitability through a number of tactics including introducing the iMac, iPod, iPhone, and Ipad when it was facing losses. 5. Apple was the first publicly traded US company to be valued at over $1 trillion in August 2018.",summarization What is a snowman?,,"A snowman is a replica of a human made from snow, typically by stacking three large balls of snow on top of each other. The top ball represents the head, the middle ball is the body and the lower ball are the lower extremities of the snowman. Often, a snowman will have sticks for arms and a carrot for a nose.",open_qa What is the size a tennis ball?,"Tennis balls were originally made of cloth strips stitched together with thread and stuffed with feathers. Modern tennis balls are made of hollow vulcanized rubber with a felt coating. Traditionally white, the predominant colour was gradually changed to optic yellow in the latter part of the 20th century to allow for improved visibility. Tennis balls must conform to certain criteria for size, weight, deformation, and bounce to be approved for regulation play. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) defines the official diameter as 65.41–68.58 mm (2.575–2.700 in). Balls must weigh between 56.0 and 59.4 g (1.98 and 2.10 oz).",Tennis balls are 65.41–68.58 millimeters or 2.575–2.700 inches in diameter.,information_extraction "What should I do in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam for a day?",,"If you are visiting Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam for a day, there are several must-visit attractions located in the heart of the city center. One of the most famous tourist attractions is the Saigon Notre Dame Cathedral, which was constructed by French colonists in the 19th century and features a unique combination of Roman and Gothic styles that sets it apart from many other buildings in the city. Another famous French-inspired architecture is Ho Chi Minh City Post Office. Every detail inside this tourist destination in Saigon surprises visitors with its delicate beauty. The unique design style from the roofs, arched doorways, tile floors… This is really a tourist destination in Saigon that you should not miss on your trip. The Independence Palace, also known as the Reunification Convention Hall, is just a few minutes walk from the Notre Dame Cathedral. This iconic building is a symbol of the culture and history of the nation. Originally used as the home and workplace of the president of the Republic of Vietnam, it became a national monument when a North Vietnamese Army tank crashed through its gate during the Fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975, bringing an end to the 20-year war with the USA. One of the most popular tourist attractions in Saigon is the Ben Thanh Market, which offers visitors hundreds of traditional and modern items to choose from. The market is not only a great place to find unique souvenirs, but it's also a food lover's paradise, where you can sample delicious traditional dishes at affordable prices. For those who appreciate professional art performances, a visit to the Ho Chi Minh City Opera House is a must. This beautiful building, designed by multiple architects, boasts an impressive exterior that showcases its grandeur and majesty. Once inside, visitors are treated to a modern, sophisticated ambiance, complete with state-of-the-art lighting and sound technology. The Ho Chi Minh City Opera House is a must-see destination for anyone interested in the arts and modern architecture. Another popular tourist destination in Saigon is the Vietnam History Museum, located on the former site of the Blanchard de la Brosse Museum. Built in 1929, the museum is home to tens of thousands of artifacts, 25,000 books, and many precious documents. Visitors can comfortably admire the historical value of these artifacts and gain knowledge about archeology, history, and ethnology. The Vietnam History Museum is an excellent place to explore and learn more about Vietnamese history and culture. With its impressive collection of artifacts and documents, visitors can gain a deeper understanding of the country's past and present. Whether you're a history buff or just looking for a unique cultural experience, a visit to the Vietnam History Museum is well worth your time. If you're looking to immerse yourself in the vibrant and modern atmosphere of Ho Chi Minh City 1, a visit to Bui Vien Walking Street is a must. The street is famous for its bustling shopping and entertainment activities and is known for never sleeping. And there are many street artists, performing arts, and the vibrant sounds of the bars and pubs, all of which create a lively and modern city vibe. Tourists and locals alike flock to Bui Vien Street, not just for the energetic atmosphere, but also for the diverse and delicious selection of food on offer. Whether you're looking for a fun night out or a quick bite to eat, Bui Vien Street has something for everyone. These attractions are conveniently located in the city center and offer a glimpse into Ho Chi Minh City's rich history and cultural heritage.",brainstorming What caused the Global Financial Crises?,"The preconditioning for the financial crisis were complex and multi-causal. Almost two decades prior, the U.S. Congress had passed legislation encouraging financing for affordable housing. However, in 1999, parts of the Glass-Steagall legislation, which had been adopted in 1933, were repealed, permitting financial institutions to commingle their commercial (risk-averse) and proprietary trading (risk-taking) operations. Arguably the largest contributor to the conditions necessary for financial collapse was the rapid development in predatory financial products which targeted low-income, low-information homebuyers who largely belonged to racial minorities. This market development went unattended by regulators and thus caught the U.S. government by surprise.","There were multiple factors that caused the financial crises. Two decades before the crisis, the U.S Government implemented multiple new laws to help encourage financing for affordable housing. However, in 1999, portions of the Glass-Steagall act, which was passed by congress in 1933, was repealed and as a result, created more overall risk in the financial system as it allowed institutions to commingle low risk real estate investments with riskier investment operations. The final major factor was a large increase in predatory home loan lending practices which targeted low-income, low-credit, uninformed homebuyers (mostly racial minorities). The severity of these factors went unnoticed by U.S financial regulators and by the time the effects surfaced, the government was caught by surprise.",summarization Who invented the Jeans,"Jeans are a type of pants or trousers made from denim or dungaree cloth. Often the term ""jeans"" refers to a particular style of trousers, called ""blue jeans"", with copper-riveted pockets which were invented by Jacob W. Davis in 1871 and patented by Jacob W. Davis and Levi Strauss on May 20, 1873. Prior to the patent, the term ""blue jeans"" had been long in use for various garments (including trousers, overalls, and coats), constructed from blue-colored denim. ""Jean"" also references a (historic) type of sturdy cloth commonly made with a cotton warp and wool weft (also known as ""Virginia cloth""). Jean cloth can be entirely cotton as well, similar to denim. Originally designed for miners, modern jeans were popularized as casual wear by Marlon Brando and James Dean in their 1950s films, particularly The Wild One and Rebel Without a Cause, leading to the fabric becoming a symbol of rebellion among teenagers, especially members of the greaser subculture. From the 1960s onwards, jeans became common among various youth subcultures and subsequently young members of the general population. Nowadays, they are one of the most popular types of specialty trousers in Western culture. Historic brands include Levi's, Lee, and Wrangler.","Jeans are a type of pants or trousers made from denim or dungaree cloth. Often the term ""jeans"" refers to a particular style of trousers, called ""blue jeans"", with copper-riveted pockets which were invented by Jacob W. Davis in 1871 and patented by Jacob W. Davis and Levi Strauss on May 20, 1873. Prior to the patent, the term ""blue jeans"" had been long in use for various garments (including trousers, overalls, and coats), constructed from blue-colored denim. ""Jean"" also references a (historic) type of sturdy cloth commonly made with a cotton warp and wool weft (also known as ""Virginia cloth""). Jean cloth can be entirely cotton as well, similar to denim. Originally designed for miners, modern jeans were popularized as casual wear by Marlon Brando and James Dean in their 1950s films, particularly The Wild One and Rebel Without a Cause, leading to the fabric becoming a symbol of rebellion among teenagers, especially members of the greaser subculture. From the 1960s onwards, jeans became common among various youth subcultures and subsequently young members of the general population. Nowadays, they are one of the most popular types of specialty trousers in Western culture. Historic brands include Levi's, Lee, and Wrangler.",summarization What is the plot of the movie above suspicion,"Above Suspicion is a 2019 American crime thriller film directed by Phillip Noyce, from a screenplay by Chris Gerolmo, based upon Joe Sharkey's non-fiction book of the same name revolving around the murder of Susan Smith. It stars Emilia Clarke, Jack Huston, Sophie Lowe, Austin Hébert, Karl Glusman, Chris Mulkey, Omar Miller, Kevin Dunn, Thora Birch and Johnny Knoxville. It was released in the United States on May 7, 2021, by Lionsgate. Plot An ambitious rookie agent is assigned to an FBI field office in the run-down town of Pikeville, Kentucky. The married man recruits a local drug-addicted woman as his informant and gets involved with her, thereby setting in motion a downward spiral of jealousy, betrayal and violence.","Above Suspicion is a 2019 American crime thriller film directed by Phillip Noyce, from a screenplay by Chris Gerolmo, based upon Joe Sharkey's non-fiction book of the same name revolving around the murder of Susan Smith. It stars Emilia Clarke, Jack Huston, Sophie Lowe, Austin Hébert, Karl Glusman, Chris Mulkey, Omar Miller, Kevin Dunn, Thora Birch and Johnny Knoxville. It was released in the United States on May 7, 2021, by Lionsgate. An ambitious rookie agent is assigned to an FBI field office in the run-down town of Pikeville, Kentucky. The married man recruits a local drug-addicted woman as his informant and gets involved with her, thereby setting in motion a downward spiral of jealousy, betrayal and violence.",summarization What does CMWCs stand for?,"The Cycle Messenger World Championships, or CMWCs, are an annual urban cycling competition whereby cycle messengers and cycling enthusiasts showcase their skills in an array of events, many of which simulate everyday tasks for a cycle messenger. Each year, the CMWCs are held in a different city around the world, with each host city designing its own unique course. The highlight of the CMWCs is the main race in which cyclists are given manifests and must pickup and deliver items to various locations around the host city as quickly and efficiently as possible. The total number of pickups and deliveries, or ""drop offs"" is unknown to the messengers before the race, but has been known to reach up to 100 stops and usually takes between 3–4 hours to complete. The cyclist who completes all of the assigned deliveries in the least amount of time wins the race. In addition to the main race there are also several side events which have become increasingly popular over the past few years. These events change yearly depending on the discretion of the host city but usually include backward circles, bike polo, bunnyhop, cargo race, longest skid, sprints, and trackstand.",The Cycle Messenger World Championships,closed_qa How did Ella Tromp begin her political career?,"Ella Tromp's political career began in 1989. She worked as an employee in the cabinet of the Prime Minister. On 9 March 1991 she was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary in the first cabinet of Nelson Oduber, a position which she held until 1 March 1993. She was the first woman in the history of the country to hold this position. She was also the first woman to be appointed as Minister of Finance, which she served as during Oduber's second cabinet. During her tenure as Minister of Finance, from 1993 to 1994, there was a quarrel between coalition members of the ruling government, which led to early elections and a shortened term. Despite this, she maintained firm control over government spending and for the first time in Aruba's status aparte period the country had a budget surplus.","Ella Tromp began her political career working in the cabinet of the Prime Minister in 1989. After two years she was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary in the first cabinet of Nelson Oduber, and was the first woman in the history of the country to hold that position. She then became the Minister of Finance in 1993, a role she served in until 1994.",summarization "Extract the publications that favorably reviewed ""If I Die in a Combat Zone, Box Me Up and Ship Me Home"" and put them in a comma separated list.","If I Die in a Combat Zone, Box Me Up and Ship Me Home received warm reviews from critics. Observed by the Washington Star as possibly ""the single greatest piece of work to come out of Vietnam"", with equally positive reviews from The Guardian, Gloria Emerson of the New York Times and was described as a personal account of ""aching clarity... A beautiful, painful book,"" by the New York Times Book Review. Similar reviews were given from The Times, The Washington Post, The Sunday Times, The Financial Times and Time Magazine who cited O'Brien as ""Perhaps the best writer about Vietnam"".","The Washington Star, The Guardian, the New York Times Book Review, The Times, The Washington Post, The Sunday Times, The Financial Times, Time Magazine",information_extraction "Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Opel, GMC",,"Opel is German, GMC is American",classification Please list the main dog predators according to the passage,"Although dogs are the most abundant and widely distributed terrestrial carnivores, feral and free-ranging dogs' potential to compete with other large carnivores is limited by their strong association with humans. For example, a review of the studies in dogs' competitive effects on sympatric carnivores did not mention any research on competition between dogs and wolves. Although wolves are known to kill dogs, they tend to live in pairs or in small packs in areas where they are highly persecuted, giving them a disadvantage facing large dog groups. Wolves kill dogs wherever they are found together. In some instances, wolves have displayed an uncharacteristic fearlessness of humans and buildings when attacking dogs to the extent that they have to be beaten off or killed. Although the numbers of dogs killed each year are relatively low, it induces a fear of wolves entering villages and farmyards to take dogs and losses of dogs to wolves have led to demands for more liberal wolf hunting regulations. Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. In particular, leopards are known to have a preference for dogs and have been recorded to kill and consume them, no matter what their size. Siberian tigers in the Amur River region have killed dogs in the middle of villages. This indicates that the dogs were targeted. Amur tigers will not tolerate wolves as competitors within their territories, and the tigers could be considering dogs in the same way. Striped hyenas are known to kill dogs in their range.","wolves, Coyotes, leopards, Siberian tigers, Striped hyenas",summarization "Imagine you are a mom. Write a talk track for convince your young son, who does not want to stop playing, to leave for school.",,"Hi dear. It is now time for mom to take you to school. I know you want to keep playing, but play time has ended and it is now time to get ready for school. First we need to put on your school clothes. Then we will grab your things and go into the car. If you listen to mom, I will let you bring a toy with you for the ride.",creative_writing What are the causes of population growth in the Sun Belt in the US?,"The Sun Belt has seen substantial population growth since post-World War II from an influx of people seeking a warm and sunny climate, a surge in retiring baby boomers, and growing economic opportunities. The advent of air conditioning created more comfortable summer conditions and allowed more manufacturing and industry to locate in the Sun Belt. Since much of the construction in the Sun Belt is new or recent, housing styles and design are often modern and open. Recreational opportunities in the Sun Belt are often not tied strictly to one season, and many tourist and resort cities, such as Fort Lauderdale, Gulf Shores, Houston, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, Myrtle Beach, New Orleans, Orlando, Palm Springs, Phoenix, San Antonio, San Diego, Tampa, and Tucson support a tourist industry all year. The traditional explanations for the growth are increasing productivity in the South and West and increasing demand for Sunbelt amenities, especially its pleasant weather. Job decline in the Rust Belt is another major reason for migration.","Since WWII, many people have migrated from the US Midwest or Northeast to the Sun Belt. One significant factor is the milder climate and the recreational possibilities it makes possible. Economic opportunity is another factor, as many automobile and other manufacturers have left the Midwest and Northeast and built factories in the Sun Belt. The housing stock is newer and affordable, which attracts people of all ages.",closed_qa "Given these paragraphs about Natural hydrogen, what are other forms of hydrogen obtained using different processes?","Natural hydrogen (known as white hydrogen), is naturally occurring molecular hydrogen on or in Earth (as opposed to hydrogen produced in the laboratory or in industry). The name white hydrogen distinguishes it from green hydrogen, which is produced from renewable energy sources, and from grey, brown or black hydrogen, which is obtained from fossil sources or from the electrolysis of water. Natural hydrogen may be renewable, non-polluting and allows for lower cost operation compared to industrial hydrogen. Natural hydrogen has been identified in many source rocks in areas beyond the sedimentary basins where oil companies typically operate. Origin of natural hydrogen There are several sources of natural hydrogen: - degassing of deep hydrogen from the Earth's crust and mantle; - reaction of water with ultrabasic rocks (serpentinisation); - contact of water with reducing agents in the Earth's mantle; - interaction of water with freshly exposed rock surfaces (weathering); - decomposition of hydroxyl ions in the structure of minerals; - Natural radiolysis of water; - decomposition of organic matter; - biological activity - Extraction - Natural hydrogen is extracted from wells, mixed with other gases such as nitrogen or helium. Several sources have been identified in France. Geologists Alain Prinzhofer and Eric Derville have demonstrated the existence of large reservoirs in a dozen countries, including Mali and the United States. However, their potential remains difficult to assess. Numerous emanations on the ocean floor have been identified but are difficult to exploit. The discovery of a significant emergence in Russia in 2008 suggests the possibility of extracting native hydrogen in geological environments. Geology Natural hydrogen is generated continuously from a variety of natural sources. There are many known hydrogen emergences on mid-ocean ridges. Another of the known reactions, serpentinisation, occurs under the sea floor (in the oceanic crust). Diagenetic origin (iron oxidation) in the sedimentary basins of cratons, notably in Russia. Other sources are being explored, such as mantle hydrogen, or hydrogen from radiolysis (natural electrolysis) or from bacterial activity. In France, the Alps and Pyrenees are suitable for exploitation. New Caledonia has hyperalkaline sources that show dihydrogen emissions. A large accumulation of natural hydrogen was discovered in Bourakebougou (Mali). Characteristics Dihydrogen is very soluble in fresh water, especially at depth (solubility increases with pressure). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_hydrogen","Green hydrogen, which is produced from renewable energy sources, and from grey, brown or black hydrogen, which is obtained from fossil sources or from the electrolysis of water.",closed_qa Please describe the broad classes of Reinforcement Learning (RL) within Machine Learning and what problems they attempt to address.,"Associative reinforcement learning Associative reinforcement learning tasks combine facets of stochastic learning automata tasks and supervised learning pattern classification tasks. In associative reinforcement learning tasks, the learning system interacts in a closed loop with its environment. Deep reinforcement learning This approach extends reinforcement learning by using a deep neural network and without explicitly designing the state space. The work on learning ATARI games by Google DeepMind increased attention to deep reinforcement learning or end-to-end reinforcement learning. Adversarial deep reinforcement learning Adversarial deep reinforcement learning is an active area of research in reinforcement learning focusing on vulnerabilities of learned policies. In this research area some studies initially showed that reinforcement learning policies are susceptible to imperceptible adversarial manipulations. While some methods have been proposed to overcome these susceptibilities, in the most recent studies it has been shown that these proposed solutions are far from providing an accurate representation of current vulnerabilities of deep reinforcement learning policies. Fuzzy reinforcement learning By introducing fuzzy inference in RL, approximating the state-action value function with fuzzy rules in continuous space becomes possible. The IF - THEN form of fuzzy rules make this approach suitable for expressing the results in a form close to natural language. Extending FRL with Fuzzy Rule Interpolation allows the use of reduced size sparse fuzzy rule-bases to emphasize cardinal rules (most important state-action values). Inverse reinforcement learning In inverse reinforcement learning (IRL), no reward function is given. Instead, the reward function is inferred given an observed behavior from an expert. The idea is to mimic observed behavior, which is often optimal or close to optimal. Safe reinforcement learning Safe reinforcement learning (SRL) can be defined as the process of learning policies that maximize the expectation of the return in problems in which it is important to ensure reasonable system performance and/or respect safety constraints during the learning and/or deployment processes.","Reinforcement Learning is an area of Machine Learning that works in a problem space or environment where the agent or Reinforcement Learning algorithm, uses an understanding of the past test results and the potential paths through the environment to calculate a policy that solves for the goal of a maximized reward. Given the variety of environments that RL can operate in, there are a range of approaches that the agent can take and are broadly categarized as six different approaches: 1. Associated RL - which combines traditional approaches of Machine Learning classification with the automated learning on random, or stochastically distributed results. 2. Deep RL - which leverages traditional deep neural networks but allows for flexibility and a lack of pre-defined layers and the state space. 3. Adversarial Deep RL - where end results are compared using vulnerabilities in state stored in Deep Neural Networks and attempts to find weaknesses in these models. 4. Fuzzy RL - which leverages a near natural language definition of if-then fuzzy rules which determine the calculation of the value of a result. 5. Inverse RL - which removes the common reward function evaluation part of the model and instead injects a human to observe and evalutate the results. 6. Safe RL - is an approach to defining policies that also takes into account the behavior of the agent in the envionment, such that those agent steps are reasonaable or respect safety constraints.",summarization Summarize the main components of a Kubernetes cluster control plane from this paragraph,"Kubernetes defines a set of building blocks (""primitives"") that collectively provide mechanisms that deploy, maintain, and scale applications based on CPU, memory or custom metrics. Kubernetes is loosely coupled and extensible to meet different workloads. The internal components as well as extensions and containers that run on Kubernetes rely on the Kubernetes API. The platform exerts its control over compute and storage resources by defining resources as Objects, which can then be managed as such. Kubernetes follows the primary/replica architecture. The components of Kubernetes can be divided into those that manage an individual node and those that are part of the control plane. Control plane The Kubernetes master node handles the Kubernetes control plane of the cluster, managing its workload and directing communication across the system. The Kubernetes control plane consists of various components, each its own process, that can run both on a single master node or on multiple masters supporting high-availability clusters. The various components of the Kubernetes control plane are as follows: etcd is a persistent, lightweight, distributed, key-value data store that CoreOS has developed. It reliably stores the configuration data of the cluster, representing the overall state of the cluster at any given point of time. etcd favors consistency over availability in the event of a network partition (see CAP theorem). The consistency is crucial for correctly scheduling and operating services. The API server serves the Kubernetes API using JSON over HTTP, which provides both the internal and external interface to Kubernetes. The API server processes and validates REST requests and updates the state of the API objects in etcd, thereby allowing clients to configure workloads and containers across worker nodes. The API server uses etcd's watch API to monitor the cluster, roll out critical configuration changes, or restore any divergences of the state of the cluster back to what the deployer declared. As an example, the deployer may specify that three instances of a particular ""pod"" (see below) need to be running. etcd stores this fact. If the Deployment Controller finds that only two instances are running (conflicting with the etcd declaration), it schedules the creation of an additional instance of that pod. The scheduler is the extensible component that selects on which node an unscheduled pod (the basic entity managed by the scheduler) runs, based on resource availability. The scheduler tracks resource use on each node to ensure that workload is not scheduled in excess of available resources. For this purpose, the scheduler must know the resource requirements, resource availability, and other user-provided constraints or policy directives such as quality-of-service, affinity vs. anti-affinity requirements, and data locality. The scheduler's role is to match resource ""supply"" to workload ""demand"". A controller is a reconciliation loop that drives the actual cluster state toward the desired state, communicating with the API server to create, update, and delete the resources it manages (e.g., pods or service endpoints). One kind of controller is a Replication Controller, which handles replication and scaling by running a specified number of copies of a pod across the cluster. It also handles creating replacement pods if the underlying node fails. Other controllers that are part of the core Kubernetes system include a DaemonSet Controller for running exactly one pod on every machine (or some subset of machines), and a Job Controller for running pods that run to completion (e.g., as part of a batch job). Labels selectors that are part of the controller's definition specify the set of pods that a controller manages. The controller manager is a process that manages a set of core Kubernetes controllers.","The kubernetes cluster control plane runs on one more more master nodes. The components are: 1. etcd - a key value datastore containing the configuration data of the cluster. 2. The api-server is a server which serves and updates the state of the kubernetes cluster. It watches etcd and keeps the clusters actual state in sync with its desired state. 3. The scheduler is a component which selects on which node an unscheduled pod should run, based on what each pod needs and what the nodes in the cluster can support. 4. The controller manager manages several controllers which keep the cluster in sync with its desired state.",summarization "From the passage provided, extract the year when iPhones first came with satellite communications.","Apple directly sub-contracts hardware production to external OEM companies, maintaining a high degree of control over the end product. The iPhone contains most of the hardware parts of a typical modern smartphone. Some hardware elements, such as 3D Touch and the Taptic Engine, are unique to the iPhone. The main hardware of the iPhone is the touchscreen, with current models offering screens of 4.7 inches and larger. All iPhones include a rear-facing camera; the front-facing camera dates back to the iPhone 4. The iPhone 7 Plus introduced multiple lenses to the rear-facing camera. A range of sensors are also included on the device, such as a proximity sensor, ambient light sensor, accelerometer, gyroscopic sensor, magnetometer, facial recognition sensor or fingerprint sensor (depending on the model) and barometer. In 2022, Apple added satellite communications to the iPhone, with the release of the iPhone 14 and iPhone 14 Pro.",iPhones first came with satellite communications in 2022 with the release of the iPhone 14 and iPhone 14 Pro.,information_extraction What phone carrier company did Sprint merge with?,,"Sprint merged with T-Mobile in 2020, and now are referred to as T-Mobile.",open_qa What is Lisp?,,"Lisp is a family of programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized prefix notation. Originally specified in 1960, Lisp is the second-oldest high-level programming language still in common use, after Fortran.",open_qa What are recommended things to do or have when adopting a puppy?,,"Adopting a puppy is a lot of fun, but can also be a lot of work. The bare essentials will be necessary: food, water, and a living space for your puppy. Many dog owners opt to have a crate for their puppy which can be a place where the puppy can sleep and be alone, away from outside stimuli. Furthermore, many pet owners will also get pet insurance which can help cover any unforeseen medical issues or conditions outside of the normal vaccinations a puppy typically requires. Recreational items are also highly encouraged. Things like toys, treats, and collar with leash are highly recommended. If you are aware of the upfront costs and requirements for raising a puppy, the experience will be a lot better for owners and the dog!",creative_writing What are the benefits of using the ReLU activation function over the classic sigmoid function in neural networks?,,"1. Gradient vanishing problem: The max value of the derivative of sigmoid function is 0.25, which can result in the total gradients becoming very small during back propagation. In contrast ReLU has a constant gradient 1 for positive inputs. 2. Compute efficiency: ReLU can be computed using max(0, x), more efficient than exponential operations in sigmoid function. 3. Convergence speed: it's also reported that using ReLU as activation function in neural networks converges faster than using sigmoid function.",open_qa Which two kings fought at the Battle of Kressenbrunn according to the text?,"The Battle of Kressenbrunn (Hungarian: Első morvamezei csata / kroissenbrunni csata) was fought in July 1260 near Groissenbrunn in Lower Austria between the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Kingdom of Hungary for the possession of the duchies of Austria and Styria. The Bohemian forces were led by King Ottokar II Přemysl, while the Hungarians were led by his cousin, King Béla IV of Hungary . In 1251, Ottokar's father King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia had not only granted him the title of a Margrave of Moravia, but also installed him as duke of Austria and Styria, territories that were princeless after the ruling Babenberg dynasty had become extinct in 1246. To legitimate his succession, Ottokar in 1252 married the Duchess Margaret of Austria, the sister of the last Babenberg duke and about 26 years his senior.",King Ottokar II and King Béla IV,information_extraction "What are the top 3 boba places in Burlingame, CA?",,"1. Happy Lemon, 2. Tiger Tea, 3. Boba Guys,",open_qa What is the holiday of Passover about?,,"Passover is a Jewish holiday which commemorates the events of the book of Exodus, when Israelites fled oppression in Ancient Egypt",open_qa What are the Olympic light weight events.,"The first lightweight events were added to the World Championships in 1974 for men and 1985 for women. Lightweight rowing was added to the Olympics in 1996 but this came under threat in 2002 when the Programme Commission of the IOC recommended that, outside combat sports and weightlifting, there should not be weight category events. The executive board overturned this recommendation and lightweight rowing continues at the Olympics, though only in the men's and women's double sculls. There are two Olympic-class lightweight events: men's double sculls and women's double sculls. From 1996 - 2016 the men's Lightweight 4- was included in the Olympics.",Two Olympic lightweight events are men's double sculls and women's double sculls,summarization ways to reduce solid waste,,"Use biodegradable plates Use reusable personal bottles Use less plastic products Use less detergent Use more biodegradable FMCG products",brainstorming What is One Piece?,"The series focuses on Monkey D. Luffy, a young man made of rubber, who, inspired by his childhood idol, the powerful pirate Red-Haired Shanks, sets off on a journey from the East Blue Sea to find the mythical treasure, the One Piece, and proclaim himself the King of the Pirates. In an effort to organize his own crew, the Straw Hat Pirates,[Jp 5] Luffy rescues and befriends a pirate hunter and swordsman named Roronoa Zoro, and they head off in search of the titular treasure. They are joined in their journey by Nami, a money-obsessed thief and navigator; Usopp, a sniper and compulsive liar; and Sanji, an amorous but chivalrous cook. They acquire a ship, the Going Merry,[Jp 6] and engage in confrontations with notorious pirates of the East Blue. As Luffy and his crew set out on their adventures, others join the crew later in the series, including Tony Tony Chopper, an anthropomorphized reindeer doctor; Nico Robin, an archaeologist and former Baroque Works assassin; Franky, a cyborg shipwright; Brook, a skeleton musician and swordsman; and Jimbei, a whale shark-type fish-man and former member of the Seven Warlords of the Sea who becomes their helmsman. Once the Going Merry is damaged beyond repair, Franky builds the Straw Hat Pirates a new ship, the Thousand Sunny,[Jp 7] Together, they encounter other pirates, bounty hunters, criminal organizations, revolutionaries, secret agents, different types of scientists, and soldiers of the corrupt World Government, and various other friends and foes, as they sail the seas in pursuit of their dreams.","One Piece is a manga and an anime about pirates. The main protagonist is Monkey D. Luffy who became a rubber man after eating a Rubber Devil Fruit. Devil Fruit are primarily how people get powers in this world. Luffy's goal is to find the One Piece, a fabled treasure that would allow him to become the King of Pirates. His crew includes a swordsman Roronoa Zoro, a navigator Nami, a sniper Usopp, a chef Sanji, a doctor Tony Chopper, an archaeologist Nico Robin, a cyborg shipwright Franky, a skeleton musician Brook, and a fish-man Jimbei. Together they travel between islands and encounter pirates, criminal organizations, World Government officials, and many friends and enemies as they seek to fulfill their dreams.",summarization What is one of the first recorded mentions of the sauna in Finnish literature?,"""The sauna in Finland is an old phenomenon and its roots are difficult to trace, but its earliest versions are believed to be from 7000 BC.[citation needed] Bath houses were recorded in Europe during the same time period, but Finnish bathing habits were poorly documented for most of history. One of the first written mentions of what is believed to be the sauna customs of the forefathers of the Finns was written by Nestor the Chronicler in 1112. He told of """"hot wooden saunas in which naked bathers beat themselves with branches and finally pour cold water over themselves"""". During the Reformation in Scandinavia the popularity of saunas expanded to other countries because the European bath houses were being destroyed. One reason the sauna culture has always flourished in Finland has been because of the versatility of the sauna. When people were moving, the first thing they did was to build a sauna. Finns have used the sauna to live in, eat, address matters of hygiene, and, most importantly, give birth in an almost sterile environment. Unlike many other, more densely populated places in Europe, the availability of wood needed to build and warm the sauna has never been an issue. Another reason for its popularity is that in such a cold climate, the sauna allows people warmth for at least a short period of time. However, it is just as popular in the summer as in the winter.""","Nestor the Chronicler in 1112. He told of ""hot wooden saunas in which naked bathers beat themselves with branches and finally pour cold water over themselves"""".",closed_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Gastornis, Chimpanzee",,"Gastornis is extinct, Chimpanzee is alive.",classification What are the teams in the NL Central Division in Major League Baseball?,,"The teams that are included in the National League Central Division for Major League Baseball are the St Louis Cardinals, Chicago Cubs, Pittsburg Pirates, Milwaukee Brewers, and the Cincinnati Reds.",open_qa Are penguins native to Alaska?,,Penguins are not native to Alaska; they are only found near the South Pole.,open_qa What is the capital of Finland and when was it founded?,,"The capital of Finland is Helsinki and it was founded on the 12th June, 1550. However Helsinki only became the Finnish capital in 1812. Before that the Finnish capital was Turku.",open_qa Note down some details about Munda Airport from the given text,"Munda Airport (IATA: MUA, ICAO: AGGM) is an international airport adjacent to the town of Munda, Western Province in Solomon Islands. Originally built by Japanese forces during World War II and further developed by the U. S. Naval Construction Battalions 24 and 73 following its capture. After the war, the airfield became a commercial airport for regional flights. In 2015, a New Zealand government aid and development project significantly upgraded the field to an international airport. The upgrade included the removal of a large amount of unexploded ordnance left behind by vacating Japanese and US forces. Although there were no international flights scheduled by 2019, the main economic purpose of the upgrade is to serve as an alternate field for international flights to Honiara International Airport, significantly reducing the fuel load and improving the economics of the flight. For example, prior to the Munda upgrade, a flight from Brisbane to Honiara had to carry sufficient fuel to return to Brisbane because that was the nearest viable alternate.","1. Munda Airport in Solomon Islands' Western Province is a global airport with the IATA and ICAO codes MUA and AGGM. 2. Developed further by the U.S. Naval Construction Battalions 24 and 73 after its surrender. It was initially constructed by Japanese forces during World War II. 3. The airfield was converted to a commercial airport for regional flights after the war. 4. The field was considerably improved to become an international airport in 2015 as part of a New Zealand government aid and development project. 5. A significant amount of unexploded ordnance left behind by withdrawing US and Japanese forces was also removed as part of the refurbishment. 6. Despite the fact that no international flights were scheduled beyond 2019, the main economic goal of the improvement is to act as a backup field for international flights to Honiara International Airport, hence lowering fuel consumption and enhancing flight economics. 7. As an example, before the Munda improvement, an aircraft from Brisbane to Honiara required to have enough fuel on board to make a turn around and return to Brisbane, which was the closest practical alternative.",summarization Please extract a list from this paragraph of the brain regions impacted by alcohol-related dementia and separate them using commas.,"Alcohol-related dementia, also called alcohol-related brain damage, occurs as a result of excessive use of alcohol particularly as a substance abuse disorder. Different factors can be involved in this development including thiamine deficiency and age vulnerability. A degree of brain damage is seen in more than 70% of those with alcohol use disorder. Brain regions affected are similar to those that are affected by aging, and also by Alzheimer's disease. Regions showing loss of volume include the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, as well as the cerebellum, thalamus, and hippocampus. This loss can be more notable, with greater cognitive impairments seen in those aged 65 years and older.","frontal, temporal, parietal, cerebellum, thalamus, hippocampus",information_extraction Extract 3 areas based on the following passage where electronics is widely used.,"Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes, sensors and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes digital switching possible, and electronics is widely used in information processing, telecommunications, and signal processing. Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed components into a regular working system. Today, most electronic devices use semiconductor components to perform electron control. The underlying principles that explain how semiconductors work are studied in solid state physics, whereas the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems are part of electronics engineering.","Electronics is widely used in 1. information processing, 2. telecommunications, and 3. signal processing.",information_extraction "Given these paragraphs about Multiomics, what is a typical advantage of single-cell multiomics versus bulk analysis?","Multiomics, multi-omics, integrative omics, ""panomics"" or ""pan-omics"" is a biological analysis approach in which the data sets are multiple ""omes"", such as the genome, proteome, transcriptome, epigenome, metabolome, and microbiome (i.e., a meta-genome and/or meta-transcriptome, depending upon how it is sequenced); in other words, the use of multiple omics technologies to study life in a concerted way. By combining these ""omes"", scientists can analyze complex biological big data to find novel associations between biological entities, pinpoint relevant biomarkers and build elaborate markers of disease and physiology. In doing so, multiomics integrates diverse omics data to find a coherently matching geno-pheno-envirotype relationship or association. The OmicTools service lists more than 99 softwares related to multiomic data analysis, as well as more than 99 databases on the topic. Systems biology approaches are often based upon the use of panomic analysis data. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) defines panomics as referring to ""the interaction of all biological functions within a cell and with other body functions, combining data collected by targeted tests ... and global assays (such as genome sequencing) with other patient-specific information."" Single-cell multiomics A branch of the field of multiomics is the analysis of multilevel single-cell data, called single-cell multiomics. This approach gives us an unprecedent resolution to look at multilevel transitions in health and disease at the single cell level. An advantage in relation to bulk analysis is to mitigate confounding factors derived from cell to cell variation, allowing the uncovering of heterogeneous tissue architectures. Methods for parallel single-cell genomic and transcriptomic analysis can be based on simultaneous amplification or physical separation of RNA and genomic DNA. They allow insights that cannot be gathered solely from transcriptomic analysis, as RNA data do not contain non-coding genomic regions and information regarding copy-number variation, for example. An extension of this methodology is the integration of single-cell transcriptomes to single-cell methylomes, combining single-cell bisulfite sequencing to single cell RNA-Seq. Other techniques to query the epigenome, as single-cell ATAC-Seq and single-cell Hi-C also exist. A different, but related, challenge is the integration of proteomic and transcriptomic data. One approach to perform such measurement is to physically separate single-cell lysates in two, processing half for RNA, and half for proteins. The protein content of lysates can be measured by proximity extension assays (PEA), for example, which use DNA-barcoded antibodies. A different approach uses a combination of heavy-metal RNA probes and protein antibodies to adapt mass cytometry for multiomic analysis. Multiomics and machine learning In parallel to the advances in highthroughput biology, machine learning applications to biomedical data analysis are flourishing. The integration of multi-omics data analysis and machine learning has led to the discovery of new biomarkers. For example, one of the methods of the mixOmics project implements a method based on sparse Partial Least Squares regression for selection of features (putative biomarkers). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiomics","An advantage of single-cell multiomics in relation to bulk analysis is to mitigate confounding factors derived from cell to cell variation, allowing the uncovering of heterogeneous tissue architectures.",closed_qa What is Cincinnati style chili?,"Cincinnati chili (or Cincinnati-style chili) is a Mediterranean-spiced meat sauce used as a topping for spaghetti or hot dogs (""coneys""); both dishes were developed by immigrant restaurateurs in the 1920s. In 2013, Smithsonian named one local chili parlor one of the ""20 Most Iconic Food Destinations in America"". Its name evokes comparison to chili con carne, but the two are dissimilar in consistency, flavor, and serving method; Cincinnati chili more closely resembles Greek pasta sauces and spiced-meat hot dog topping sauces seen in other parts of the United States. Ingredients include ground beef, water or stock, tomato paste, spices such as cinnamon, nutmeg, allspice, clove, cumin, chili powder, bay leaf, and in some home recipes unsweetened dark chocolate in a soupy consistency. Customary toppings include cheddar cheese, onions, and beans; specific combinations of toppings are known as ""ways"". The most popular order is a ""three-way"", which adds shredded cheese to the chili-topped spaghetti (a ""two-way""), while a ""four-way"" or ""five-way"" adds onions and/or beans before topping with the cheese. Ways are often served with oyster crackers and a mild hot sauce. Cincinnati chili is almost never served or eaten by the bowl. While served in many local restaurants, it is most often associated with the over 250 independent and chain ""chili parlors"" (restaurants specializing in Cincinnati chili) found throughout greater Cincinnati with franchise locations throughout Ohio and in Kentucky, Indiana, Florida, and the Middle East. The dish is the Cincinnati area's best-known regional food.","Cincinnati chili is a cinnamon and nutmeg flavored meat sauce with a soupy consistency, that is served over plain spaghetti noodles with optional toppings of shredded cheddar, diced white onion, and/or kidney beans, and a side of oyster crackers. It is also served on top of mini hotdogs known as ""coneys."" The way to order like a native is to describe your order as a ""three-way,"" ""four-way,"" or ""five-way"" the number reflecting the additional toppings desired. For example, ""four-way bean"" is a platter of spaghetti with meat sauce, cheese and kidney beans, whereas a ""three-way"" is spaghetti, meat sauce and cheese only. A 'five way"" is everything - spaghetti, meat sauce, cheese, beans, and diced onion.",information_extraction What does Pinot Noir mean?,"Pinot noir (French: [pino nwaʁ]) is a red-wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. The name may also refer to wines created predominantly from pinot noir grapes. The name is derived from the French words for pine and black. The word pine alludes to the grape variety having tightly clustered, pinecone–shaped bunches of fruit.",The name Pinot Noir is derived from the French words for pine and black.,closed_qa Find all sports from this passage that use the term hat-trick.,"The term first appeared in 1858 in cricket, to describe H. H. Stephenson taking three wickets with three consecutive deliveries. Fans held a collection for Stephenson, and presented him with a hat bought with the proceeds.[full citation needed] The term was used in print for the first time in 1865 in the Chelmsford Chronicle.[non-primary source needed] The term was eventually adopted by many other sports including hockey, association football, Formula 1 racing, rugby, and water polo.","Term hat-trick is primarily used in Cricket but is also adopted in hockey, association football, Formula 1 racing, rugby, and water polo.",information_extraction "Discuss ways in which brands in your industry (or industry of your choice) could benefit from the web's gift to measurement: ""the ability to fail faster. At a low cost."" Provide at least one example supporting your ideas",,"Kia Carnival is a new MPV (multi-purpose vehicle) 7-seater minivan directly competing with the industry leaders like Honda Odyssey, Toyota Sienna, and Chrysler Pacifica. Kia Carnival faces an uphill battle against the industry leader to gain market share. Kia Carnival can perform a small, low-cost experiment to measure consumer outcomes, customer value, and attribution to increase sales and optimize its spending on digital marketing.   The minivan buyers typically visit the Kia Carnival website, engage in a vehicle build configurator, and perform inventory checks to get an overview of the vehicle and price. Post this, the buyers will check YouTube videos and Twitter reviews and visit a Kia dealership store if the buyer shortlists Carnival.   Kia can start measuring the micro-conversions along the buyer journey by tracking the website page views; car configuration clicks, inventory views, and video views on the Kia YouTube channel. These data points can be fed to a lightweight MTA model to determine consumer insights. Do insights include how well the buyer understood the features and differentiation of Kia Carnival? Salient aspects of the car etc. will equip the Kia salesperson with customer intelligence.   Kia can leverage a 3rd party provider like Nielsen to collect and find insights from the web analytics data. Kia can “fail fast at a low cost” with this model, and if the model is successful, Kia can scale it to its other lines of products.",creative_writing What is guitar amp modeling?,,"Guitar amp modeling is a digital technology for reproducing the sound and feel of playing guitar through physical amplifiers. This technology may be embodied in a piece of outboard gear, or as a software plugin for a digital audio workstation. In recent years, guitar amp modeling has advanced to the point of being difficult to discern by ear from the sound of the amplifiers being modeled. Some brands associated with advanced guitar amp modeling include Line 6, Fractal Audio, and Neural DSP.",open_qa Please extract the characteristics of a desert from this passage and list in bullet format.,"A desert is a region of land that is very dry because it receives low amounts of precipitation (usually in the form of rain, but it may be snow, mist or fog), often has little coverage by plants, and in which streams dry up unless they are supplied by water from outside the area. Deserts generally receive less than 250 mm (10 in) of precipitation each year. The potential evapotranspiration may be large but (in the absence of available water) the actual evapotranspiration may be close to zero. Semi-deserts are regions which receive between 250 and 500 mm (10 and 20 in) and when clad in grass, these are known as steppes.","-Very dry -Little coverage by plants",information_extraction What is a Cheque card?,,This type of card is issued by a bank to a customer. It guarantees that a cheque used with the card will be paid if the person issuing the cheque has kept to all the conditions.,open_qa "What is pair skating, Can you help identify some key points from the give text?","Pair skating is a figure skating discipline defined by the International Skating Union (ISU) as ""the skating of two persons in unison who perform their movements in such harmony with each other as to give the impression of genuine Pair Skating as compared with independent Single Skating"". The ISU also states that a pairs team consists of ""one Woman and one Man"". Pair skating, along with men's and women's single skating, has been an Olympic discipline since figure skating, the oldest Winter Olympic sport, was introduced at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. The ISU World Figure Skating Championships introduced pair skating in 1908.","1. The International Skating Union (ISU) defines pair skating as ""the skating of two persons in unison who perform their movements in such harmony with each other as to give the impression of genuine Pair Skating as compared to independent Single Skating"" as a kind of figure skating. 2. According to the ISU, a pairs team is comprised of ""one Man and one Woman."" 3. Since figure skating, the first Winter Olympic sport, was established at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, men's and women's pair skating have been Olympic events, along with men's and women's single skating. 4. Pair skating was first featured in the ISU World Figure Skating Championships in 1908.",summarization What are cons of getting a dog?,,"1. It is hard to make long travel plans while owning a dog. 2. Depending on the breed seasonal shedding could be a problem. 3. Responsible ownership of a dog is a big financial investments. 4. Dogs live shorter lives than humans so upcoming emotional toll could be a detractor.",brainstorming What is Ruby?,,"Ruby is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language which supports multiple programming paradigms. It was designed with an emphasis on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an object, including primitive data types. It was developed in the mid-1990s by Yukihiro ""Matz"" Matsumoto in Japan.",open_qa Who is Linkin Park,,"Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California. The band's current lineup comprises vocalist/rhythm guitarist/keyboardist Mike Shinoda, lead guitarist Brad Delson, bassist Dave Farrell, DJ/turntablist Joe Hahn and drummer Rob Bourdon, all of whom are founding members. Vocalists Mark Wakefield and Chester Bennington are former members of the band. Categorized as alternative rock, Linkin Park's earlier music spanned a fusion of heavy metal and hip hop, while their later music features more electronica and pop elements.",open_qa What is CloudFormation?,,"AWS CloudFormation is an infrastructure as code (IaC) service that allows you to easily model, provision, and manage AWS and third-party resources.",open_qa Name the mathematicians whose stories are the focus of the book Hidden Figures,"Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Who Helped Win the Space Race is a 2016 nonfiction book written by Margot Lee Shetterly. Shetterly started working on the book in 2010. The book takes place from the 1930s through the 1960s, depicting the particular barriers for Black women in science during this time, thereby providing a lesser-known history of NASA. The biographical text follows the lives of Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson, three mathematicians who worked as computers (then a job description) at NACA and NASA, during the space race. They overcame discrimination there, as women and as African Americans. Also featured is Christine Darden, who was the first African-American woman to be promoted into the Senior Executive Service for her work in researching supersonic flight and sonic booms. The book reached number one on The New York Times Non-Fiction Best Sellers list and got the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for Nonfiction in 2017. The book was adapted as a film by the same name, released in 2016, that was nominated for three Oscars. It received numerous other awards.","Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, Mary Jackson",information_extraction What is contrafact?,"Parker's style of composition involved interpolation of original melodies over existing jazz forms and standards, a practice known as contrafact and still common in jazz today. Examples include ""Ornithology"" (which borrows the chord progression of jazz standard ""How High the Moon"" and is said to be co-written with trumpet player Little Benny Harris), and ""Moose The Mooche"" (one of many Parker compositions based on the chord progression of ""I Got Rhythm""). The practice was not uncommon prior to bebop, but it became a signature of the movement as artists began to move away from arranging popular standards and toward composing their own material. Perhaps Parker's most well-known contrafact is ""Koko,"" which is based on the chord changes of the popular bebop tune ""Cherokee,"" written by Ray Noble.","Contrafact is a type of jazz composition where the composer takes the basic structure of a popular song, rearranges it and provides a new melody to the song. Charlie Parker was a jazz musician and composer who used this style of composition extensively. Some of the best known examples of Parker's use of contrafact are: ""Ornithology""- Based on the popular song ""How High the Moon"" ""Moose the Moose""- Based on the standard ""I've Got Rhythm"" ""Koko""-Based on the swing standard ""Cherokee""",summarization summarize the responsibilities of a data architect,"A data architect is a practitioner of data architecture, a data management discipline concerned with designing, creating, deploying and managing an organization's data architecture. Data architects define how the data will be stored, consumed, integrated and managed by different data entities and IT systems, as well as any applications using or processing that data in some way. It is closely allied with business architecture and is considered to be one of the four domains of enterprise architecture. Role According to the Data Management Body of Knowledge, the data architect “provides a standard common business vocabulary, expresses strategic data requirements, outlines high level integrated designs to meet these requirements, and aligns with enterprise strategy and related business architecture.” According to the Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF), a data architect is expected to set data architecture principles, create models of data that enable the implementation of the intended business architecture, create diagrams showing key data entities, and create an inventory of the data needed to implement the architecture vision. Responsibilities Organizes data at the macro level. Organizes data at the micro level, data models, for a new application. Provides a logical data model as a standard for the golden source and for consuming applications to inherit. Provides a logical data model with elements and business rules needed for the creation of data quality (DQ) rules.","a data architect defines how data is collected, processed, stored, consumed, and integrated within different data entities and IT systems within an enterprise. a data architect defines a common business vocabulary to be used across the enterprise a data architect expresses strategic data requirements and provides high-level designs to meet the end business architecture a data architect creates data models showing key entities, and relationships between entities.",summarization What is the word that suggests the sound that it describes?,"Onomatopoeia[note 1] is the use or creation of a word that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the sound that it describes. Such a word itself is also called an onomatopoeia. Common onomatopoeias include animal noises such as oink, meow (or miaow), roar, and chirp. Onomatopoeia can differ between languages: it conforms to some extent to the broader linguistic system; hence the sound of a clock may be expressed as tick tock in English, tic tac in Spanish and Italian (shown in the picture), dī dā in Mandarin, kachi kachi in Japanese, or tik-tik in Hindi.","Onomatopoeia is a word that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the sound that it describes.",closed_qa What kind of animal is the Iolaus crawshayi,"Iolaus crawshayi, the Crawshay's sapphire, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania. The habitat consists of moist savanna. The larvae feed on the young leaves of Erianthemum dregei and Phragmanthera usuiensis. They are dull dirty whitish green or brown.","Iolaus crawshayi, the Crawshay's sapphire, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania. The habitat consists of moist savanna. The larvae feed on the young leaves of Erianthemum dregei and Phragmanthera usuiensis. They are dull dirty whitish green or brown.",closed_qa What should I get for my friends who love to cook?,,"Some thoughtful gifts for the avid home cooks include a sous vide, a nice skillet, a beautiful spatula, or a dutch oven. On a budget? You can consider unique condiments such as nice olive oil, chili crunch or spicy mayo.",brainstorming Exact all the names related to 'Qin' in the paragraph,"The name 'Qin' is believed to be the etymological ancestor of the modern-day European name of the country, China. The word probably made its way into the Indo-Aryan languages first as 'Cina' or 'Sina' and then into Greek and Latin as 'Sinai' or 'Thinai'. It was then transliterated into English and French as 'China' and 'Chine'. This etymology is dismissed by some scholars, who suggest that 'Sina' in Sanskrit evolved much earlier before the Qin dynasty. 'Jin', a state controlled by the Zhou dynasty in seventh century BC, is another possible origin. Others argued for the state of Jing (荆, another name for Chu), as well as other polities in the early period as the source of the name.","Qin, Cina, Sina, Sinai, Thinai, Jin, Jing, Chu are names related to Qin",information_extraction What languages are spoken in Switzerland,"The four national languages of Switzerland are German, French, Italian, and Romansh. German, French, and Italian maintain equal status as official languages at the national level within the Federal Administration of the Swiss Confederation, while Romansh is used in dealings with people who speak it. Latin is occasionally used in some formal contexts, particularly to denote the country (Confederatio Helvetica). In 2020, 62.3% of the population of Switzerland were native speakers of German (either Swiss German or Standard German) at home; 22.8% French (mostly Swiss French, but including some Franco-Provençal dialects); 8% Italian (mostly Swiss Italian, but including Lombard); and 0.5% Romansh. The German region (Deutschschweiz) is roughly in the east, north, and centre; the French part (la Romandie) in the west; and the Italian area (Svizzera italiana) in the south. There remains a small Romansh-speaking native population in Grisons in the east. The cantons of Fribourg, Bern, and Valais are officially bilingual; Grisons is officially trilingual.","The four national languages of Switzerland are German, French, Italian, and Romansh. German, French, and Italian maintain equal status as official languages at the national level within the Federal Administration of the Swiss Confederation, while Romansh is used in dealings with people who speak it. Latin is occasionally used in some formal contexts, particularly to denote the country (Confederatio Helvetica). In 2020, 62.3% of the population of Switzerland were native speakers of German (either Swiss German or Standard German) at home; 22.8% French (mostly Swiss French, but including some Franco-Provençal dialects); 8% Italian (mostly Swiss Italian, but including Lombard); and 0.5% Romansh. The German region (Deutschschweiz) is roughly in the east, north, and centre; the French part (la Romandie) in the west; and the Italian area (Svizzera italiana) in the south. There remains a small Romansh-speaking native population in Grisons in the east. The cantons of Fribourg, Bern, and Valais are officially bilingual; Grisons is officially trilingual.",closed_qa Linus Torwalds invented and wrote what,,Linux computer operating system,open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Hyaenodon, Humphead Wrasse",,"Hyaenodon is extinct, Humphead Wrasse is alive.",classification Why is music so special?,,"Music is an art form consisting of arranging sound to create a combination of rhythm and harmonies to convey emotions to individuals. It can be considered a unique art form by certain people due to its ephemeral aspect as opposed to other art types such as painting or sculpture which are mostly permanent. Music can generate a large variety of emotions in individuals through the mere sense of hearing it. Research has shown that listening to music activates multiple areas of the brain and is known to liberate important amounts of dopamine which contribute to giving pleasure to the listener. On the other hand, learning and playing music requires several mental and physical skills such as ear and relative pitch, rhythm, and hand coordination.",creative_writing "Extract the criticisms that modern portfolio theory faces from this link https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_portfolio_theory, place them in a bullet list","Despite its theoretical importance, critics of MPT question whether it is an ideal investment tool, because its model of financial markets does not match the real world in many ways The risk, return, and correlation measures used by MPT are based on [expected values](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_value), which means that they are statistical statements about the future (the expected value of returns is explicit in the above equations, and implicit in the definitions of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance)  and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance)). Such measures often cannot capture the true statistical features of the risk and return which often follow highly skewed distributions (e.g. the [log-normal distribution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log-normal_distribution)) and can give rise to, besides reduced (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatility_(finance)), also inflated growth of return. In practice, investors must substitute predictions based on historical measurements of asset return and volatility for these values in the equations. Very often such expected values fail to take account of new circumstances that did not exist when the historical data were generated. More fundamentally, investors are stuck with estimating key parameters from past market data because MPT attempts to model risk in terms of the likelihood of losses, but says nothing about why those losses might occur. The risk measurements used are (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability) in nature, not structural. This is a major difference as compared to many engineering approaches to [risk management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_management). Mathematical risk measurements are also useful only to the degree that they reflect investors' true concerns—there is no point minimizing a variable that nobody cares about in practice. In particular, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance) is a symmetric measure that counts abnormally high returns as just as risky as abnormally low returns. The psychological phenomenon of [loss aversion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_aversion) is the idea that investors are more concerned about losses than gains, meaning that our intuitive concept of risk is fundamentally asymmetric in nature. There many other risk measures (like [coherent risk measures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent_risk_measure)) might better reflect investors' true preferences. Modern portfolio theory has also been criticized because it assumes that returns follow a [Gaussian distribution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution). Already in the 1960s, [Benoit Mandelbrot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benoit_Mandelbrot) and [Eugene Fama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Fama) showed the inadequacy of this assumption and proposed the use of more general [stable distributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable_distributions) instead. [Stefan Mittnik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Mittnik) and [Svetlozar Rachev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetlozar_Rachev) presented strategies for deriving optimal portfolios in such settings. [Contrarian investors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrarian_investing) and [value investors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_investing) typically do not subscribe to Modern Portfolio Theory. One objection is that the MPT relies on the [efficient-market hypothesis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient-market_hypothesis)  and uses fluctuations in share price as a substitute for risk. [Sir John Templeton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_John_Templeton)  believed in diversification as a concept, but also felt the theoretical foundations of MPT were questionable, and concluded (as described by a biographer): ""the notion that building portfolios on the basis of unreliable and irrelevant statistical inputs, such as historical volatility, was doomed to failure.","- The risk, return, and correlation measures used by Modern portfolio theory (MPT) are based on expected values, such expected values fail to take account of new circumstances that did not exist when the historical data were generated - The risk measurements used in MPT are probabilistic because MPT models risk in terms of the likelihood of losses based on past market data and not why the losses occur. - MPT attempts to minimize risks in the form of variance. However, this metric doesn’t reflect investors’ true concerns in practice. Variance is symmetric, so it punishes high returns the same way as high losses. However, investors care more about loss than gain, so the perception of risk is asymmetric in nature. Coherent risk measures should be a better metric that reflects investors’ preference - MPT assumes that returns follow Gaussian distribution. However, many scholars suggest that returns might follow other distributions such as stable distributions - MPT relies on the efficient-market hypothesis and assumes that share price fluctuation is a risk measure. However, building a portfolio based on historical volatility is a questionable premise criticized by Sir John Templeton",information_extraction Who is Shoji Hashimoto?,"Shoji Hashimoto (橋本 昌二, Hashimoto Shōji, April 18, 1935 – December 2, 2009) was a professional Go player.","Shoji Hashimoto (橋本 昌二, Hashimoto Shōji, April 18, 1935 – December 2, 2009) was a professional Go player. Hashimoto turned pro in 1947 when he was just 12. It took him only 11 years to reach 9p. He learned Go from his father Hashimoto Kunisaburō and his disciples include Takahara Shūji, Moriyama Naoki, Oda Hiromitsu, Okahashi Hirotada, and Hayashi Kōzō. He was a member of the Kansai Ki-in.",information_extraction What is Bart Simpson's best friend named?,,Millhouse,open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Terror Bird, Narwhal",,"Terror Bird is extinct, Narwhal is alive.",classification What is the most important element of swimming breaststroke?,,"Timing is the most important aspect of swimming breaststroke. The swimmer needs to make sure to do the leg stroke (kicking) at a moment when the body is streamlined and presents the least resistance to the water. To achieve that, the arm stroke should be finished or almost finished before kicking begins. After kicking it is important to keep the streamlined position for some time to maintain the speed through gliding. The exact duration of gliding depends on the target distance of a given event or race. The longer the distance of the race is, the longer the gliding phase should be. For example, for a 50m race the gliding phase could be below 1 second, while for a 200m race it may be over 2 seconds.",open_qa "Given these paragraphs about Large language models, what corpus was the first model in OpenAI's GPT series trained in 2018 on?","A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks. Properties Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design. Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to ""memorize"" a great quantity of facts during training. Hallucinations Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence) In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a ""hallucination"" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data. Emergent abilities On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities. Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called ""emergent abilities"". Researchers note that such abilities ""cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models"". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs. Architecture and training Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or ""filling in the blanks"", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus. The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens. LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million. A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters). Application to downstream tasks Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via ""prompting"" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions. Fine-tuning Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning) Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be ""frozen"", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen). Prompting See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing) In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In ""few-shot prompting"", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows: Review: This movie stinks. Sentiment: negative Review: This movie is fantastic! Sentiment: If the model outputs ""positive"", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be ""The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is"". Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering. Instruction tuning Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt ""Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet."" might provide a completion such as ""A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17."" In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, ""self-instruct"", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model",BookCorpus.,closed_qa Tell me about a random street in Berlin,"Tiergartenstraße is a street in the Tiergarten district in central Berlin, the capital of Germany. The street runs east-west along the southern edge of the Großer Tiergarten park from Kemperplatz and Ben-Gurion-Straße near Sony Center and Potsdamer Platz in the east to the intersection of Hofjägerallee and Klingelhöferstraße in the west. On the street’s southern side, the street intersects with (from east to west), Herbert-von-Karajan-Straße, Stauffenbergstraße, Hildebrandstraße, Hiroshimastraße and Clara-Wieck-Straße.The neighbourhood was incorporated into the City of Berlin in 1861, soon after the 1871 Unification of Germany it developed into an affluent residential area and later into the capital's diplomatic quarter.The Kemperplatz at the eastern end formerly marked the starting point of the Siegesallee boulevard running northwards through the park to Königsplatz in front of the Reichstag. On Tiergartenstaße No. 1 is the Berlin Musical Instrument Museum and the adjacent building of the Berliner Philharmonie behind it, a major centre for musical performances.On the western corner on Tiergartenstraße No. 6 is the Berlin Museum of Applied Art and next to it the Berlin Art Library, both part of the Kulturforum cluster of the Berlin State Museums. On the intersection with Stauffenbergstraße on No. 12 is the Austrian embassy, erected in 2001 according to plans designed by Hans Hollein. Further diplomatic missions follow: the Indian and South African embassies (on No. 18) as well as the Italian and Japanese representations at the corner of Hiroshimastraße, both as former Axis powers located at vast buildings from about 1941/42 that have been reconstructed after World War II. A number of other embassies are located along nearby streets.At the western end of Tiergartenstraße are the Jesuit Canisius-Kolleg gymnasium in the building of the former Krupp representative office on No. 30, the Saudi Arabian embassy and finally the offices of the Christian Democratic Konrad Adenauer Foundation. On the corner of Klingelhöferstraße is a sculpture depicting Konrad Adenauer and Charles de Gaulle shaking hands, symbolising their role in overcoming the centuries-long French–German enmity and laying the groundwork for the Franco–German Friendship after World War II.On the north side of Tiergartenstraße just west of Stauffenbergstraße is a large seated statue of the composer Richard Wagner in the Tiergarten park. A glass canopy has been erected over the statue to protect it from the elements.The bus terminal at the corner Herbert-von-Karajan-Straße was formerly the site of the villa Tiergartenstraße No. 4, the headquarters of the Nazi \euthanasia\"" program (the mass murder of disabled people and others)","A random street found in Berlin, Germany is Tiergartenstraße. Tiergartenstraße east-west along the southern edge of the Großer Tiergarten park from Kemperplatz and Ben-Gurion-Straße near Sony Center and Potsdamer Platz in the east to the intersection of Hofjägerallee and Klingelhöferstraße in the west. On Tiergartenstaße No. 1 is the Berlin Musical Instrument Museum and the adjacent building of the Berliner Philharmonie behind it, a major centre for musical performances. The street also contains buildings used in WWII for the Axis powers of Japan, Italy, and Germany that were reconstructed after the war. On the corner of Klingelhöferstraße, there is a sculpture depicting Konrad Adenauer and Charles de Gaulle shaking hands, symbolising their role in overcoming the centuries-long French–German enmity and laying the groundwork for the Franco–German Friendship after World War II.",summarization I locked myself out of my apartment. Can you help me come up a few ways to get back in?,,"Here are a few ways you might be able to get back into your apartment. * Try to recall if you left a spare key with a friend or under a doormat. * Call your landlord or your building's front desk (if it has one) to see if they can let you in. * If you have an open window, that's easily accessible, see if you can climb back into your apartment. * Try calling a locksmith.",brainstorming What is WordPress?,"WordPress (WP or WordPress.org) is a free and open-source content management system (CMS) written in hypertext preprocessor (PHP) language and paired with a MySQL or MariaDB database with supported HTTPS. Features include a plugin architecture and a template system, referred to within WordPress as ""Themes"". WordPress was originally created as a blog-publishing system but has evolved to support other web content types including more traditional mailing lists and Internet fora, media galleries, membership sites, learning management systems (LMS) and online stores.",WordPress is a Content Management System (CMS) written in hypertext preprocessor (PHP). It uses either a MySQL or MariaDB database and has a robust library of WordPress plugins and themes for customization.,information_extraction Who invented the first safety razor in 1895,,King Camp Gillette,open_qa What are the names of the general purpose registers in the x86-64 architecture?,"In addition to increasing the size of the general-purpose registers, the number of named general-purpose registers is increased from eight (i.e. eax, ecx, edx, ebx, esp, ebp, esi, edi) in x86 to 16 (i.e. rax, rcx, rdx, rbx, rsp, rbp, rsi, rdi, r8, r9, r10, r11, r12, r13, r14, r15). It is therefore possible to keep more local variables in registers rather than on the stack, and to let registers hold frequently accessed constants; arguments for small and fast subroutines may also be passed in registers to a greater extent.","The x86-64 architecture has 16 general purpose registers. They are named rax, rcx, rdx, rbx, rsp, rbp, rsi, rdi, r8, r9, r10, r11, r12, r13, r14, and r15.",information_extraction What are some good sci-fi books I can read?,,"Dune, Neuromancer, Snow Crash, Foundation, 1984 and Brave New World are all great Science Fiction books.",brainstorming What languages are spoken in Belgium?,,"There are 3 languages: Dutch, French, and German. Dutch is spoken in the Northern part of Belgium, French in the South, and German is spoken along the German border.",open_qa "Which is an imperial or a metric measurement: inch, millimetres",,"inch is imperial, millimetres is metric",classification Write a paragraph on how cricket format has evolved over time,,Cricket has evolved into shorter format over the years. It started as a 5 day format usually resulting in a draw. It shifted to a shorter format that took a day to complete. The game got more aggressive in strategy and usually resulted in a definitive result. Players got more creative to push the envelope in both batting and bowling. The absolute scores in the game went up. The next shift further reduced the game to 3 hours. Players got even more aggressive and unpredictable with interesting outcomes. The latest version is called T20. It has led to a lot more leagues and providing youngsters more opportunities to shine.,creative_writing What high school did Tyrone Brazelton go to?,"Born in Chicago, Illinois, Brazelton initially played basketball for the Rich East High School, but transferred to the rival Rich Central High School during his senior year. He led the latter team to a championship in the Big Dipper tournament and was named as the most valuable player of the tournament.",Tyrone Brazelton attended Rich East High School and then transferred to Rich Central High School for his senior year.,closed_qa Can you please explain the offside rule in Soccer?,,"Soccer is a sport played between two teams with 11 players each. Out of the 11 players one is a goalkeeper. The offside rule is fundamental in soccer to avoid players from gaining unfair advantage over the opposition. A player is in an offside position if they are closer to the opposition's goal line than the last defender of the opposition team. The law states that a player is in an offside position if any of their body parts, except the hands and arms, are in the opponents' half of the pitch, and closer to the opponents' goal line than both the ball and the second-last defender. Being in an offside position is not an offence in itself, but a player so positioned when the ball is played by a teammate can be judged guilty of an offside offence if they receive the ball or will otherwise become ""involved in active play"", will ""interfere with an opponent"", or will ""gain an advantage"" by being in that position. Offside is often considered one of the most difficult to understand aspects of the sport.",open_qa What is FIFA?,"The recognised international governing body of football (and associated games, such as futsal and beach soccer) is FIFA. The FIFA headquarters are located in Zürich, Switzerland. Six regional confederations are associated with FIFA; these are: Asia: Asian Football Confederation (AFC) Africa: Confederation of African Football (CAF) Europe: Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) North/Central America & Caribbean: Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF) Oceania: Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) South America: Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (South American Football Confederation; CONMEBOL) National associations (or national federations) oversee football within individual countries. These are generally synonymous with sovereign states (for example, the Cameroonian Football Federation in Cameroon), but also include a smaller number of associations responsible for sub-national entities or autonomous regions (for example, the Scottish Football Association in Scotland). 211 national associations are affiliated both with FIFA and with their respective continental confederations. While FIFA is responsible for arranging competitions and most rules related to international competition, the actual Laws of the Game are set by the IFAB, where each of the UK Associations has one vote, while FIFA collectively has four votes.",FIFA stands for Fédération internationale de football association. It is the main international governing body for the sport of soccer (called football internationally outside the US),summarization "In geology, what are the main classification for rocks?",,"There are three general classes of rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic.",open_qa What is The Lord Of The Rings?,"The Lord of the Rings is an epic high-fantasy novel by English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien. Set in Middle-earth, the story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 children's book The Hobbit, but eventually developed into a much larger work. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, The Lord of the Rings is one of the best-selling books ever written, with over 150 million copies sold.","The Lord of the Rings is an epic high-fantasy novel by English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien. Set in Middle-earth, the story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 children's book The Hobbit, but eventually developed into a much larger work. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, The Lord of the Rings is one of the best-selling books ever written, with over 150 million copies sold. The title refers to the story's main antagonist, the Dark Lord Sauron, who, in an earlier age, created the One Ring to rule the other Rings of Power given to Men, Dwarves, and Elves, in his campaign to conquer all of Middle-earth. From homely beginnings in the Shire, a hobbit land reminiscent of the English countryside, the story ranges across Middle-earth, following the quest to destroy the One Ring, seen mainly through the eyes of the hobbits Frodo, Sam, Merry and Pippin. Aiding Frodo are the Wizard Gandalf, the Man Aragorn, the Elf Legolas and the Dwarf Gimli, who unite in order to rally the Free Peoples of Middle-earth against Sauron's armies and give Frodo a chance to destroy the Ring in the fire of Mount Doom. Although often called a trilogy, the work was intended by Tolkien to be one volume of a two-volume set along with The Silmarillion.[T 3] For economic reasons, The Lord of the Rings was published over the course of a year from 29 July 1954 to 20 October 1955 in three volumes titled The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King. The work is divided internally into six books, two per volume, with several appendices of background material. Some later editions print the entire work in a single volume, following the author's original intent. Tolkien's work, after an initially mixed reception by the literary establishment, has been the subject of extensive analysis of its themes and origins. Influences on this earlier work, and on the story of The Lord of the Rings, include philology, mythology, Christianity, earlier fantasy works, and his own experiences in the First World War. The Lord of the Rings is considered one of the greatest fantasy books ever written and it has helped to create and shape the modern fantasy genre. Since release, it has been reprinted many times and translated into at least 38 languages. Its enduring popularity has led to numerous references in popular culture, the founding of many societies by fans of Tolkien's works, and the publication of many books about Tolkien and his works. It has inspired many derivative works, including paintings, music, films, television, video games, and board games. Award-winning adaptations of The Lord of the Rings have been made for radio, theatre, and film. It was named Britain's best-loved novel of all time in the BBC's 2003 poll The Big Read.",information_extraction What can people do to entertain cats?,,"People can entertain cats in many different ways: 1. laser pointer against walls for cats to chase after 2. lean string/wand-like toys or strings 3. auto-moving balls 4. Videos with moving balls, mice, etc While different cats would be entertained by different ways, in common, cats like small and fast-moving objects that the cats can run after. Cats also like being patted but only by the people they are familiar with (their people)",open_qa Write a fairly boring short story about making coffee in the morning.,,"6:00 AM. My alarm clocks rings and I hit the snooze. Yes, it's been ""one of those weeks"" and I just don't have the energy to wake up. I fall back asleep and the alarm clock rudely awakens me again at 6:10. I get out of bed and stumble into the kitchen. There is only one elixir that can rouse me from my sleepy state - coffee. First, I grind the beans. The coffee grinder is a bit loud, but I like the taste of freshly ground beans. Next, I put a new coffee filter into my drip coffee maker. I pour the ground beans into the filter. Then, I fill the coffee maker with 6 cups of water. I start the machine, and my coffee starts brewing. A delicious aroma fills the air, and my mood starts to improve. After 5 minutes, my cup of joe is ready. I drink it and it tastes great.",creative_writing What direction (North-South-East-West) is Malanów from Zygmuntówek?,"Zygmuntówek [zɨɡmunˈtuvɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Malanów, within Turek County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) north of Malanów, 10 km (6 mi) south-west of Turek, and 112 km (70 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.",Malanów is south of Zygmuntówek. We know this because Zygmuntówek is north of Malanów.,closed_qa What is the origin of the name of the herb Rosemary?,"alvia rosmarinus (/ˈsælviə ˌrɒsməˈraɪnəs/), commonly known as rosemary, is a shrub with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple, or blue flowers, native to the Mediterranean region. Until 2017, it was known by the scientific name Rosmarinus officinalis (/ˌrɒsməˈraɪnəs əˌfɪsɪˈneɪlɪs/), now a synonym. It is a member of the sage family Lamiaceae, which includes many other medicinal and culinary herbs. The name """"rosemary"""" derives from Latin ros marinus (lit. 'dew of the sea'). Rosemary has a fibrous root system","The name ""rosemary"" derives from Latin ros marinus.",closed_qa "Tell me whether these are birds or bugs: termites, ants, cockroaches.",,"This is a list of bugs, not birds.",classification Which US state is best for observing the aurora borealis phenomenon?,,Alaska is the best US state to see the Northern Lights as it is situated the furthest to the North Pole.,open_qa "Given this paragraph about the sport of triathlon, what are the individual sports make up a triathlon","A triathlon is an endurance multisport race consisting of swimming, cycling, and running over various distances. Triathletes compete for fastest overall completion time, racing each segment sequentially with the time transitioning between the disciplines included","Triathlon is a multi-sport discipline consisting of three sports performed back to back without rest. An event is made up of swimming, followed by cycling and then running. Athletes transition between the individual sports as quickly as possible, with the winner completing the course in the fastest time.",closed_qa Give me a suggestion where I should go for spring break if I live in the United States.,,"Florida is a very popular location for families to visit for spring break, because the weather is generally very warm and sunny which makes it easy to do outdoor activities. Popular destinations in Florida include theme parks like Disneyworld, Universal Studios, SeaWorld, Legoland, and Busch Gardens. Florida is also known for its many beaches where you can go surfing, boating, and sunbathing. Another fun location for spring break is Cancun, Mexico. Many college-aged adults will go to Mexico and stay at a resort. Popular activities include drinking, partying, and going to the beach. This option is probably better for families without young children. A third option is visiting Southern California. Like Florida, the temperatures will be warm and sunny. San Diego is a good place to visit, as it offers many beach activities, but if you don't want to go outside, there are many museums and parks to visit, such as the San Diego Air and Space Museum or Balboa Park.",creative_writing In which city is this high school located?,"The Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria Lope de Vega (IES Lope de Vega) is a public high school in Madrid, Spain. It is located in the calle de San Bernardo. It is operated by the regional administration of the Community of Madrid.",Madrid,closed_qa How can I get from San Francisco airport to downtown San Francisco?,,"To travel from San Francisco airport to downtown San Francisco, there are multiple different options. You can travel by car or rideshare which normally takes around 20-60 minutes depending on traffic. Another option is to take public transit using BART which has a direct link inside the airport. This can take up to an hour depending on the time of day and weather.",brainstorming What artists made up the supergroup The Traveling Wilburys?,,"George Harrison, Roy Orbison, Jeff Lynne, Tom Petty and Bob Dylan",open_qa Give me a list of fun activities to do in the summer,,"In the summer you could do a a variety of activities. Depending on everybody's preference, you can enjoy a sunny day at the beach, hiking in the mountains, ride the bicycle, attend a live concert or simply enjoy a picnic. If you are more of an active person, you can try activities like parasailing, ride a hot air balloon, waterskiing or canyoning.",brainstorming "Which is an imperial or a metric measurement: foot, metre",,"foot is imperial, metre is metric",classification What are the lightweight weight requirements at the collegiate level in the United States?,"At the collegiate level in the United States, the lightweight weight requirements can be different depending on competitive season. For fall regattas (typically head races), the lightweight cutoff for men is 165.0 lb. and 135.0 lb. for women. In the spring season (typically sprint races), the lightweight cutoff for men is 160.0 lb., with a boat average of 155.0 lb. for the crew; for women, the lightweight cutoff is 130.0 lb.","In the United States, the lightweight weight requirements differ based on the season. In the spring season, the lightweight cutoff for men is 160 pounds with a boat average of 155 pounds. The lightweight cutoff for women is 130 pounds.",summarization How should I think about ways to arrange a desk in a home office,,"There are several ways to arrange a desk in a home office. A few guiding principles (based on the space and how you'll use your desk) can help guide you along the way. * If you're frequently on camera for video calls you'll want to consider what people will see in your background. Avoid clutter and too much distraction, but also feel free to use that part of the office to express yourself professionally. An interesting painting or a few professional accolades can be a good conversation starters. * Bright windows can be great for creativity but having these directly behind you when on video calls can give you a whitewashed look that's not ideal. Ideally, a window would be in front of you to not only cast your face in a good light, but also to give you a nice view as you work. If you can't position a window on front of your desk, you could always invest in good artificial lighting (e.g., a ring light) to help with video calls. * Avoid having positioning your desk so your back is directly in front of the office entrance. If you have line of site to all entrances / exits you'll likely feel more in control while working, which can make you more productive. * Position your desk so you have easy access to everything you'd need for work. Frequently used reference materials, papers, writing supplies, etc. should all be within arms length so as not to disrupt your ""flow"" while working.",brainstorming Where is Rakaia Gorge located?,The Rakaia Gorge is located on the Rakaia River in inland Canterbury in New Zealand's South Island.,"The Rakaia Gorge is located on the Rakaia River in inland Canterbury in New Zealand's South Island. Like its neighbour, the Waimakariri River, the Rakaia runs through wide shingle beds for much of its length, but is forced through a narrow canyon as it approaches the Canterbury Plains.",information_extraction Can you list the ingredients used to make Gyeran-mari?,"Gyeran-mari (계란말이), Dalgyal-mari (달걀말이) or rolled omelette in Korean cuisine is a savory banchan (side dish) made with beaten eggs mixed with several finely diced ingredients. Common ingredients include vegetables (onion, carrot, Korean zucchini, scallions, garlic chives), mushroom, processed meat (ham, bacon, imitation crab meat, canned tuna), salt or salted seafood (salted pollock roe, salted shrimp), and cheese. Optionally, gim (seaweed) is folded with the omelette. When served, the omelette is cut into 2–3 centimetres (0.79–1.18 in) slices. It is also a common anju found at pojangmacha (street stalls).","Eggs Mushrooms Ham, bacon, imitation crab meat or canned tuna Salt or salted seafood (salted pollock roe, salted shrimp) Cheese Other Vegetables such as: Onions Carrots Korean zucchini Scallions Garlic Chives Optional: Gim (seaweed)",information_extraction What is Angel Falls?,"Angel Falls (Spanish: Salto Ángel; Pemon language: Kerepakupai Merú meaning ""waterfall of the deepest place"", or Parakupá Vená, meaning ""the fall from the highest point"") is a waterfall in Venezuela. It is the world's tallest uninterrupted waterfall, with a height of 979 metres (3,212 ft) and a plunge of 807 m (2,648 ft). The waterfall drops over the edge of the Auyán-tepui mountain in the Canaima National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Canaima), a UNESCO World Heritage site in the Gran Sabana region of Bolívar State. The height figure, 979 m (3,212 ft), mostly consists of the main plunge but also includes about 400 metres (1,300 ft) of sloped cascade and rapids below the drop and a 30-metre-high (100 ft) plunge downstream of the talus rapids.","Angel Falls (Spanish: Salto Ángel; Pemon language: Kerepakupai Merú meaning ""waterfall of the deepest place"", or Parakupá Vená, meaning ""the fall from the highest point"") is a waterfall in Venezuela. It is the world's tallest uninterrupted waterfall, with a height of 979 metres (3,212 ft) and a plunge of 807 m (2,648 ft). The waterfall drops over the edge of the Auyán-tepui mountain in the Canaima National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Canaima), a UNESCO World Heritage site in the Gran Sabana region of Bolívar State. The height figure, 979 m (3,212 ft), mostly consists of the main plunge but also includes about 400 metres (1,300 ft) of sloped cascade and rapids below the drop and a 30-metre-high (100 ft) plunge downstream of the talus rapids. The falls are along a fork of the Río Kerepacupai Merú which flows into the Churún River, a tributary of the Carrao River, itself a tributary of the Orinoco River.",information_extraction What activities can I use to entertain my ten year nephew this weekend?,,"If the weather is good, take your nephew to the beach or pool where you can swim. You can bring lunch with you and have a nice picnic. If the weather is bad, consider an indoor activity like going to a museum. Another bad weather option is playing fun board games at home.",brainstorming What are some common ways to manage Type 1 Diabetes?,,"Two items are needed for successful management of Type 1 Diabetes. A way to monitor blood sugar levels and a way to administer insulin. Blood sugar monitoring is done either using a Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) device or with a blood sugar monitoring device where a small blood sample is required in order to measure the amount of sugar in the blood. The maintenance of glucose level in the body is regulated with insulin. Insulin can either be administered with a syringe or with an insulin pump.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about the founding of Tesla, who was the chairman of the board of directors as of March 2004?","The company was incorporated as Tesla Motors, Inc. on July 1, 2003, by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning. Eberhard and Tarpenning served as CEO and CFO, respectively. Eberhard said he wanted to build ""a car manufacturer that is also a technology company"", with its core technologies as ""the battery, the computer software, and the proprietary motor"". Ian Wright was Tesla's third employee, joining a few months later. In February 2004, the company raised $7.5 million in series A funding, including $6.5 million from Elon Musk, who had received $100 million from the sale of his interest in PayPal two years earlier. Musk became the chairman of the board of directors and the largest shareholder of Tesla. J. B. Straubel joined Tesla in May 2004 as chief technical officer. A lawsuit settlement agreed to by Eberhard and Tesla in September 2009 allows all five – Eberhard, Tarpenning, Wright, Musk, and Straubel – to call themselves co-founders.",Elon Musk,closed_qa Tell me different stages in data lifecycle.,,"1. Data Ingestion: In this stage, data from producers is ingested and collected for later processing. 2. Data Processing: Once the data is ingested and collected, mostly in raw format, it goes through various processing steps. It is one of the core responsibilities of data pipelines. This stage can further divide into sub-stages. 3. Data Storage: All the collected and processing is stored in various formats. Based on specific needs, there can be one or more tools or paradigm employed. 4. Data Analysis or Visualisation: In this layer, processed data is analysed to derive meaningful insights and mostly present in some visual form.",brainstorming List all the places and countries mentioned in the paragraph in the format [Place] separated by comma.,"Niagara was a federal electoral district in the Canadian province of Ontario, which was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1883. It is sometimes also considered one of Ontario's historic counties, as it was listed in some post-Confederation census records as a county of residence. Niagara consisted of the Lincoln County townships of Niagara and Grantham, including the towns of Niagara-on-the-Lake and St. Catharines. The electoral district was abolished in 1882 when it was merged into Lincoln and Niagara riding.","[Niagara],[Ontario],[Canada],[Lincoln County],[Grantham],[Niagara-on-the-Lake],[St. Catharines]",information_extraction "From the passage provided, how is the instrument called the ""rubab"" made?","Rubab, Robab or Rabab (Pashto / Persian: رُباب, Kashmiri : رَبابہٕ, Sindhi: روباب (Nastaleeq), रबाब (Devanagari), Azerbaijani / Turkish: Rübab, Tajik / Uzbek рубоб) is a lute-like musical instrument. The rubab, one of the national musical instruments of Afghanistan, is also commonly played in Pakistan and India by Pashtuns, Balochis, Sindhis, Kashmiris and Punjabis. The rubab has three variants, the Kabuli rebab of Afghanistan, the Seni rebab of northern India and the Pamiri rubab of Tajikistan. The instrument and its variants spread throughout West, Central, South and Southeast Asia. The Kabuli rebab from Afghanistan derives its name from the Arabic rebab and is played with a bow while in Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent, the instrument is plucked and is distinctly different in construction. In general, the body is carved out of a single piece of wood, with a head covering a hollow bowl which provides the sound-chamber. The bridge sits on the skin and is held in position by the tension of the strings. It has three melody strings tuned in fourths, two or three drone strings and up to 15 sympathetic strings. The instrument is traditionally made from the trunk of a mulberry tree, the head from an animal skin such as goat, and the strings from the intestines of young goats (gut) or nylon.","The body of the rubab is carved out of a single piece of wood, with a head covering a hollow bowl which provides the sound-chamber. The bridge sits on the skin and is held in position by the tension of the strings. It has three melody strings tuned in fourths, two or three drone strings and up to 15 sympathetic strings. The instrument is traditionally made from the trunk of a mulberry tree, the head from an animal skin such as goat, and the strings from the intestines of young goats (gut) or nylon.",information_extraction What does costco do?,,"Costco wholesale is a membership warehouse that offers direct to consumer pricing for products bought in bulk. The majority of Costco's revenue is generated from memberships not from the products they sell. They also offer brand-name merchandise at steeply discounted prices. With a Costco membership you can also purchase products online directly and have then shipped directly to you. Competitors to Costco are Sam's Club, Walmart, Amazon, Kroger, HEB, Home Depot, and Lowes.",open_qa What is Braising?,,"Braising is a combination cooking method that starts with a pan searing then followed by a slow cooking in a liquid until the ingredients become tender. Braising technique can be used on all cuts of meats or vegetables, but is especially with tougher cuts of meat like briskets. Braising can be performed slowly for hours in a pot or oven to allow for flavors to penetrate. Braising can also be done in minutes in a pressure cooker (Intsta Pot).",open_qa I'm going camping and want to treat river water to drink. What are three options I can use?,,"You could boil water, use a water filter or add in chemical treatments to the water to make it safe to drink",brainstorming "Given this paragraph about Mahatma Gandhi, can you tell me why did he go to London?","Gandhi had dropped out of the cheapest college he could afford in Bombay. Mavji Dave Joshiji, a Brahmin priest and family friend, advised Gandhi and his family that he should consider law studies in London. In July 1888, his wife Kasturba gave birth to their first surviving son, Harilal. His mother was not comfortable about Gandhi leaving his wife and family, and going so far from home. Gandhi's uncle Tulsidas also tried to dissuade his nephew. Gandhi wanted to go. To persuade his wife and mother, Gandhi made a vow in front of his mother that he would abstain from meat, alcohol and women. Gandhi's brother Laxmidas, who was already a lawyer, cheered Gandhi's London studies plan and offered to support him. Putlibai gave Gandhi her permission and blessing. On 10 August 1888, Gandhi aged 18, left Porbandar for Mumbai, then known as Bombay. Upon arrival, he stayed with the local Modh Bania community whose elders warned him that England would tempt him to compromise his religion, and eat and drink in Western ways. Despite Gandhi informing them of his promise to his mother and her blessings, he was excommunicated from his caste. Gandhi ignored this, and on 4 September, he sailed from Bombay to London, with his brother seeing him off. Gandhi attended University College, London, where he took classes in English literature with Henry Morley in 1888–1889. He also enrolled at Inner Temple with the intention of becoming a barrister. His childhood shyness and self-withdrawal had continued through his teens. He retained these traits when he arrived in London, but joined a public speaking practice group and overcame his shyness sufficiently to practise law",Gandhi travelled to London in the late 1880s to study law. He first took English literature classes and then enrolled in Inner Temple with the intention to become a barrister.,closed_qa Which of the tree species mentioned in the text are used as a source of food for humans?,"Multipurpose trees or multifunctional trees are trees that are deliberately grown and managed for more than one output. They may supply food in the form of fruit, nuts, or leaves that can be used as a vegetable; while at the same time supplying firewood, adding nitrogen to the soil, or supplying some other combination of multiple outputs. ""Multipurpose tree"" is a term common to agroforestry, particularly when speaking of tropical agroforestry where the tree owner is a subsistence farmer. While all trees can be said to serve several purposes, such as providing habitat, shade, or soil improvement; multipurpose trees have a greater impact on a farmer's well-being because they fulfill more than one basic human need. In most cases multipurpose trees have a primary role; such as being part of a living fence, or a windbreak, or used in an ally cropping system. In addition to this they will have one or more secondary roles, most often supplying a family with food or firewood, or both. When a multipurpose tree is planted, a number of needs and functions can be fulfilled at once. They may be used as a windbreak, while also supplying a staple food for the owner. They may be used as fencepost in a living fence, while also being the main source of firewood for the owner. They may be intercropped into existing fields, to supply nitrogen to the soil, and at the same time serve as a source of both food and firewood. Common multipurpose trees of the tropics include: Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) – the most common tree used for living fences in Central America, firewood, fodder, fixing nitrogen into the soil. Moringa (Moringa oleifera) – edible leaves, pods and beans, commonly used for animal forage and shade (it does not fix nitrogen as is commonly believed) Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) – used for food, purified water (juice from inside the coconut), roof thatching, firewood, shade. Neem (Azadirachta indica) – limited use as insect repellent, antibiotic, adding nitrogen to the soil, windbreaks, biomass production for use as mulch, firewood. Ideally most trees found on tropical farms should be multipurpose, and provide more to the farmer than simply shade and firewood. In most cases they should be nitrogen fixing legumes, or trees that greatly increase the farmer's food security.",Moringa(Moringa oleifera) and Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) are used as a source of food for humans.,information_extraction "Which of the following numbers is a real number: -200, -1.5, -1, 0, 1, 1.5, 200, pi, e, sqrt(-1)?",,"The real numbers among those are -200, -1.5, -1, 0, 1, 1.5, 200, pi, e",classification What is a sitcom?,,A sitcom is a comedy that typically airs on a television network once per week for 30 minutes.,open_qa Which states are part of the New England region?,,"The states in New England include Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, Vermont, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.",open_qa "What are some of the most famous rock bands from Seattle, Washington?",,"Famous rock bands from Seattle include Nirvana, Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, and Foo Fighters.",open_qa "Based on this passage, why is Chris Kuroda's nickname CK5?","Chris Kuroda, who has been Phish's lighting director since 1989, creates elaborate light displays during the band's concerts that are sometimes improvised in a similar fashion to their music. Justin Taylor of The Baffler wrote, ""You could hate this music with every fiber of your being and still be ready to give Chris Kuroda a MacArthur ""genius"" grant for what he achieves with his light rig."" Kuroda is often referred to by fans as the unofficial fifth member of the band, and has been given the nickname ""CK5"".","Chris Kuroda's nickname, CK5, adds the number 5 to his initial. That is because his improvised light shows during Phish concerts give him a role comparable to a fifth member of the band.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph about Thanjavur paintings and its origins, what are the typical features of Thanjavur paintings?","Thanjavur painting is a classical South Indian painting style, which was inaugurated from the town of Thanjavur (anglicized as Tanjore) in Tamil Nadu. The art form draws its immediate resources and inspiration from way back about 1600 AD, a period when the Nayakas of Thanjavur under the suzerainty of the Vijayanagara Rayas encouraged art—chiefly, classical dance and music—as well as literature, both in Telugu and Tamil and painting of chiefly Hindu religious subjects in temples. It is distinguished by its famous gold coating. However, it can safely be surmised that Thanjavur painting, as we know it now, originated in the Maratha court of Thanjavur (1676–1855).It has been recognized as a Geographical indication by the Government of India in 2007–08. Thanjavur paintings are characterized by rich and vivid colors, simple icon composition, glittering gold foils overlaid on delicate but extensive gesso work and inlay of glass beads and pieces or precious and semi-precious gems. In Thanjavur paintings one can see the influence of Deccani, Vijayanagar, Maratha and even European or Company styles of painting. Essentially serving as devotional icons, the subjects of most paintings are Hindu gods, goddesses, and saints. Episodes from Hindu Puranas, Sthala-puranas and other religious texts were visualized, sketched or traced and painted with the main figure or figures placed in the central section of the picture (mostly within an architecturally delineated space such as a mantapa or prabhavali) surrounded by several subsidiary figures, themes and subjects. There are also many instances when Jain, Sikh, Muslim, other religious and even secular subjects were depicted in Tanjore paintings. Thanjavur paintings are panel paintings done on wooden planks, and hence referred to as Palagai padam in local parlance. In modern times, these paintings have become souvenirs for festive occasions in South India.","Thanjavur paintings are easily discernible from the gold coating on wooden panels which form the base. They are characterized by vivid colors, simple composition of icons along with usage of glass beads and at times precious stones. The subjects of paintings have traditionally been Hindus gods though they have evolved to depict secular subjects from other religions.",closed_qa Did Ramon Pileta compete in the Olympics,"Ramón Pileta (born March 20, 1977) is a Honduran judoka. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's +100 kg event, in which he was eliminated in the first round by Rafael Silva.","Ramon Pileta (born March 20, 1977) is a Honduran judoka. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's +100 kg event, in which he was eliminated in the first round by Rafael Silva.",summarization "What was the derogatory term ""toasters"" used for in the 2003 series Battlestar Galactica?",,"""Toasters"" referred to the Cylons",open_qa How to decide what type of dog you want to purchase or adopt?,,"You should make sure you pick a dog that best suits your lifestyle. Size, activity, age and breed all play a factor in the type of furry friend you want to keep around. Bigger dogs tend to require more space and more time outside to release their energy, otherwise, you'll see it unleashed inside your home. Smaller dogs tend to be more manageable but just be careful not to sit on them. If you have an active lifestyle, you'll likely want to keep to a dog that will also be happy to be outside and run around. If you tend to stay in more, a less active/older dog could be better suited for you.",creative_writing Is Bristol a large city,"Bristol is the largest city in South West England, and as such is a centre for culture, research and higher education in the region. The city is home to a prestigious ""red brick university"" (University of Bristol) and a high-ranking ""new university"" (University of the West of England). The city is also noted for its investment in the sciences and engineering, particularly its ties to the aerospace industry.","Indeed. Bristol is the largest city in South West England, and as such is a centre for culture, research and higher education in the region. The city is home to a prestigious ""red brick university"" (University of Bristol) and a high-ranking ""new university"" (University of the West of England). The city is also noted for its investment in the sciences and engineering, particularly its ties to the aerospace industry.",closed_qa Is Aetolia at sea level?,"Aetolia is a mountainous region of Greece on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, forming the eastern part of the modern regional unit of Aetolia-Acarnania.","Aetolia is a mountainous region of Greece, so probably not.",closed_qa how to be happy everyday?,,"There are four ""happy hormones"" that can help boost your mood: Serotonin, Dopamine, Endorphins and Oxytocin.Serotonin helps balance mood and promote feelings of well-being and reward, sunlight and low-intensity outdoor exercise produces Serotonin. Endorphins is natural pain killers and helps overcome stress or discomfort. Meditation and appreciation practice harvest Endorphins in your body. Dopamine, the ""feel good"" hormone, stimulates a feeling of happiness, pleasure and reward. The term ""runner's high"" refers to Dopamine. Higher intensity exercises with a rewards system boosts Dopamine level. Last but not least is Oxytocin, it promotes social interaction and positive emotion. The level of Oxytocin becomes high in your body when bonding with babies, kids, pets or loved ones.",brainstorming Give me a list of different cat species that are good for people with allergies.,,"There are a few different breeds of cats who produce less of the common allergens. Some of these include the Hairless Sphynx, Siberian, Balinese, Bengal, Cornish Rex, Devon Rex, Russian Blue, Oriental Shorthair, LaPerm, and the Siamese breeds.",brainstorming How many times Daniel Ricciardo won the F1 championship ?,,0 times,brainstorming Spanish patatas bravas are potatoes served with a red sauce made with tomatoes and chilis. Could patatas bravas have existed in 1490?,"Food historian Lois Ellen Frank calls potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beans, squash, chili, cacao, and vanilla the ""magic eight"" ingredients that were found and used only in the Americas before 1492 and were taken via the Columbian Exchange back to the Old World, dramatically transforming the cuisine there. According to Frank, If we deconstruct that these foods were inherently native, then that means that the Italians didn't have the tomato, the Irish didn't have the potato, half the British National Dish—Fish and Chips—didn't exist. The Russians didn't have the potato, nor did they have vodka from the potato. There were no chiles in any Asian cuisine anywhere in the world, nor were there any chiles in any East Indian cuisine dishes, including curries. And the French had no confection using either vanilla or chocolate. So the Old World was a completely different place.","No, patatas bravas could not have existed in 1490. This is because in 1490 the Americas had not yet been visited by Europeans, and so Spaniards didn't have access to the potatoes, tomatoes or chilis present in the dish, because those plants are all from the Americas originally.",closed_qa "Given this reference paragraph, who coined the term dead man zone?","The term dead man zone was coined by members of the CSIRO research team in Australia who were investigating the spread of bushfires (Project Vesta). The dead man zone is approximately 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) around the fire that is likely to burn. This dead man zone can be a safety net for firefighters if the fire is moving at a high speed. The dead man zone can also be prepared in a way that slows down the fire. Firefighters can get outside the dead man zone safely without seeing what the fire is going to do and develop a plan of attack or defense upon the fire's next move. If the dead man zone is not used, wind change can sneak up on the firefighters and resulting in potentially unsafe distances where they are not able to defend themselves. This can be a life or death situation if not approached properly, and there have been examples of firefighters that became trapped and ultimately killed in Australia. Project Vesta, headed by scientist Phil Cheney, found that when the wind changes direction, the line of fire will move out at its maximum rate of spread almost immediately, and that the spread speed was nearly three times what was previously thought. Project Vesta's research into bushfire behavior makes up the majority of what is known about bushfires today.",The team was created by the Australian CSIRO research team,closed_qa What are the different types of art?,,"There isn’t one single agreed classification of art forms. In part, this is because there is not one single definition of art! Some people consider art a creative process that gives only aesthetic pleasure, and does not serve any utilitarian purpose. However, even with this definition, there is not a clear dividing line between art and utilitarian creative processes. For example, some people consider the literary arts to comprise poetry, fiction, non-fiction, and drama. We can clearly understand that non-fiction has a utilitarian purpose to educate and communicate, and arguably the other literary arts do too. So that definition of art as serving no utilitarian purpose is not very black-and-white. If we consider art to be any creative endeavor that provides aesthetic pleasure, and that it might also be utilitarian, then there are many forms of art. Below is a partial listing, together with some of the ways these are commonly grouped together. Art form | Can be classified as Poetry | Literary arts, fine arts Fiction | Literary arts Non-fiction | Literary arts Drama / theater | Performing arts, literary arts Sculpture | Visual arts, fine arts, plastic arts Painting | Visual arts, fine arts Glassblowing | Visual arts Ceramics | Visual arts, plastic arts Origami | Visual arts, plastic arts Woodworking | Sculpture, plastic arts Music | Performing arts, fine arts Dance | Performing arts, fine arts Film-making / cinematography | Performing arts, visual arts, media arts Photography | Visual arts, media arts Opera | Performing arts, visual arts Food preparation | Culinary arts Food styling | Visual arts, culinary arts Architecture | Fine arts There are also subcategories of many of these art forms, for example: Sculpture using different materials can have its own subcategory. Some people consider glassblowing or wood carving to be subcategories of sculpture. Woodworking has sub-specialties including engraving, furniture-making, and carving. There is also disagreement about including utilitarian disciplines as a form of art. Architecture is a good example of this. It is highly regulated, requires engineering skill, and provides clear useful benefits, so it doesn’t meet the standard of “purely aesthetic”. Still, it is common to consider architecture an art form, and most people agree that architecture can provide aesthetic pleasure. As you can see, there isn’t a single way to classify art forms, although there is consensus about some of the most common groupings.",classification what is a fast break in basketball?,,"A fast break in basketball is when the team with the ball either passes or runs the ball quickly down the court to their own goal, with the intent of scoring quickly before the defensive team can get set into their usual positions.",open_qa Which record label created Vinyl,"The LP (from ""long playing"" or ""long play"") is an analog sound storage medium, a phonograph record format characterized by: a speed of 33+1⁄3 rpm; a 12- or 10-inch (30- or 25-cm) diameter; use of the ""microgroove"" groove specification; and a vinyl (a copolymer of vinyl chloride acetate) composition disk. Introduced by Columbia in 1948, it was soon adopted as a new standard by the entire record industry. Apart from a few relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound, it remained the standard format for record albums (during a period in popular music known as the album era) until its gradual replacement from the 1980s to the early 2000s, first by cassettes, then by compact discs, and finally by digital music distribution.",Vinyl was introduced by Columbia in 1948,closed_qa What is the Mayan Civilization known for?,,"The Maya civilization of the Mesoamerican people is known by its ancient temples and glyphs. Its Maya script is the most sophisticated and highly developed writing system in the pre-Columbian Americas. The first Maya cities developed around 750 BC, and by 500 BC.It is also noted for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system. The Maya civilization developed in the Maya Region, an area that today comprises southeastern Mexico, all of Guatemala and Belize, and the western portions of Honduras and El Salvador.",open_qa "Given a reference text about the Salt River, tell me how long the river is and where it starts and finishes.","The Salt River is a formerly navigable hanging channel of the Eel River which flowed about 9 miles (14 km) from near Fortuna and Waddington, California, to the estuary at the Pacific Ocean, until siltation from logging and agricultural practices essentially closed the channel. It was historically an important navigation route until the early 20th century. It now intercepts and drains tributaries from the Wildcat Hills along the south side of the Eel River floodplain. Efforts to restore the river began in 1987, permits and construction began in 2012, and water first flowed in the restored channel in October 2013.",The Salt River is about 9 miles long and starts near Fortuna and Waddington California and flows into the Pacific Ocean.,closed_qa What are some popular search engines?,,"Google, Bing, DuckDuckGo, Yandex, Baidu",open_qa What is a dwarf planet ?,,"In August 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined a dwarf planet as a celestial body that : - orbits the Sun, - has enough mass to assume a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape, - has not ""cleared the neighbourhood"" around its orbit, - is not a satellite.",open_qa "Without quoting directly from the text, give me a summary of the Voyager 1 space mission","Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System and interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere. Launched 16 days after its twin Voyager 2, Voyager 1 has been operating for 45 years, 7 months and 1 day as of April 6, 2023 UTC . It communicates through NASA's Deep Space Network to receive routine commands and to transmit data to Earth. Real-time distance and velocity data is provided by NASA and JPL. At a distance of 159.20 AU (23.816 billion km; 14.799 billion mi) from Earth as of March 27, 2023, it is the most distant human-made object from Earth. The probe made flybys of Jupiter, Saturn, and Saturn's largest moon, Titan. NASA had a choice of either doing a Pluto or Titan flyby; exploration of the moon took priority because it was known to have a substantial atmosphere. Voyager 1 studied the weather, magnetic fields, and rings of the two gas giants and was the first probe to provide detailed images of their moons. As part of the Voyager program and like its sister craft Voyager 2, the spacecraft's extended mission is to locate and study the regions and boundaries of the outer heliosphere and to begin exploring the interstellar medium. Voyager 1 crossed the heliopause and entered interstellar space on August 25, 2012, making it the first spacecraft to do so. Two years later, Voyager 1 began experiencing a third ""tsunami wave"" of coronal mass ejections from the Sun that continued to at least December 15, 2014, further confirming that the probe is indeed in interstellar space. In a further testament to the robustness of Voyager 1, the Voyager team tested the spacecraft's trajectory correction maneuver (TCM) thrusters in late 2017 (the first time these thrusters had been fired since 1980), a project enabling the mission to be extended by two to three years. Voyager 1's extended mission is expected to continue until about 2025, when its radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) will no longer supply enough electric power to operate its scientific instruments.","The Voyager 1 space mission began on September 5, 1977 when the probe was launched with mission parameters to explore out solar system, planets, and outer solar system beyond the sun. The mission is currently in it's 45th year and has provided significant learning about the atmosphere of planets like Jupiter and Saturn, while continuing to scientific data on regions of space never before encountered.",summarization Give me a list of ways to lose weight,,"* Get more active * Drink plenty of water * Use a smaller plate * Cut down on alcohol",brainstorming What is the primary cause of rain?,,The primary cause of rain is when water condenses in a cloud and gets heavy enough to fall.,open_qa What are some things that would cause the velocity of money within an economy to increase?,,"The velocity of money is a macro economics term referring to the speed with which money changes hands, which can be determined by dividing the annual aggregate economic output (also called gross domestic product) of a country by the applicable money supply. The velocity of money can be impacted by many things. Growing optimism and confidence among consumers and businesses can increase velocity, whereas a decline in velocity can occur when people and companies become gloomier or more uncertain of their financial futures. Enhancements in technology that make transactions more efficient can also increase velocity.",open_qa What dog breed is a mix between a Cocker Spaniel and a Poodle?,,Cockapoo,open_qa Please give me a short bulleted list of the most important facts about the country Norway,"Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of Norway.[note 5] Bouvet Island, located in the Subantarctic, is a dependency of Norway; it also lays claims to the Antarctic territories of Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land. The capital and largest city in Norway is Oslo. Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres (148,729 sq mi) and had a population of 5,488,984 in January 2023. The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden at a length of 1,619 km (1,006 mi). It is bordered by Finland and Russia to the northeast and the Skagerrak strait to the south, on the other side of which are Denmark and the United Kingdom. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The maritime influence dominates Norway's climate, with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts; the interior, while colder, is also significantly milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes. Even during polar night in the north, temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline. The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country. Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway. Jonas Gahr Støre has been prime minister since 2021, replacing Erna Solberg. As a unitary sovereign state with a constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the parliament, the cabinet and the supreme court, as determined by the 1814 constitution. The kingdom was established in 872 as a merger of many petty kingdoms and has existed continuously for 1,151 years. From 1537 to 1814, Norway was a part of the Kingdom of Denmark–Norway, and, from 1814 to 1905, it was in a personal union with the Kingdom of Sweden. Norway was neutral during the First World War, and also in World War II until April 1940 when the country was invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany until the end of the war. Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels: counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament and the Finnmark Act. Norway maintains close ties with both the European Union and the United States. Norway is also a founding member of the United Nations, NATO, the European Free Trade Association, the Council of Europe, the Antarctic Treaty, and the Nordic Council; a member of the European Economic Area, the WTO, and the OECD; and a part of the Schengen Area. In addition, the Norwegian languages share mutual intelligibility with Danish and Swedish. Norway maintains the Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system, and its values are rooted in egalitarian ideals. The Norwegian state has large ownership positions in key industrial sectors, having extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, and fresh water. The petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). On a per-capita basis, Norway is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside of the Middle East. The country has the fourth-highest per-capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists.It has the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, with a value of US$1 trillion. Although the majority of Norway's population is ethnic Norwegian, in the 21st century immigration has accounted for more than half of population growth; in 2021, the five largest minority groups in the country were the descendants of Polish, Lithuanian, Somali, Pakistani, and Swedish immigrants.","- Population: 5.488 million - Size: 148729 sq mi - GDP: 425 billion USD - Neighbouring countries: Sweden, Finland, Russia - Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy - Fourth highest per-capita income in the world - Norway is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside of the Middle East. - Norway maintains the Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system",summarization What city did Beatrice Prior live in?,,"Beatrice ""Tris"" Prior was from Chicago.",open_qa "Given the paragraph about the Grateful Dead, tell me when they were founded, who were the original members, and what other members were in the group.","The Grateful Dead was founded in the San Francisco Bay Area amid the rise of the counterculture of the 1960s. The founding members were Jerry Garcia (lead guitar, vocals), Bob Weir (rhythm guitar, vocals), Ron ""Pigpen"" McKernan (keyboards, harmonica, vocals), Phil Lesh (bass, vocals), and Bill Kreutzmann (drums). Members of the Grateful Dead, originally known as the Warlocks, had played together in various Bay Area ensembles, including the traditional jug band Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions. Lesh was the last member to join the Warlocks before they changed their name to the Grateful Dead; replacing Dana Morgan Jr., who had played bass for a few gigs. Drummer Mickey Hart and non-performing lyricist Robert Hunter joined in 1967. With the exception of McKernan, who died in 1973, and Hart, who took time off from 1971 to 1974, the core of the band stayed together for its entire 30-year history. The other official members of the band are Tom Constanten (keyboards; 1968–1970), John Perry Barlow (non-performing lyricist; 1971–1995), Keith Godchaux (keyboards, occasional vocals; 1971–1979), Donna Godchaux (vocals; 1972–1979), Brent Mydland (keyboards, vocals; 1979–1990), and Vince Welnick (keyboards, vocals; 1990–1995). Bruce Hornsby (accordion, piano, vocals) was a touring member from 1990 to 1992, as well as a guest with the band on occasion before and after the tours.","The Grateful Dead were founded in the 1960's as the Warlocks by Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir, Ron ""Pigpen"" McKernan, Phil Lesh and Bill Kreutzmann. Over the years, the band had many other members, including Tom Constanten, John Perry Barlow, Keith Godchaux, Donna Godchaux, Brent Mydland, Vince Welnick and Bruce Hornsby.",closed_qa "Which of these is not like the other? Baseball, basketball, rock, puck,",,rock,classification "Given this paragraph, who won the Montenegro presidential elections and how much of the vote did they receive in each runoff round?","Presidential elections were held in Montenegro on 19 March 2023. Long-ruling incumbent president Milo Đukanović was eligible for re-election. Since no candidate received a majority of the vote, a second round vote was held on 2 April. In the first round, Đukanović, leader of the populist DPS, received 35%, coming first. Jakov Milatović, candidate of the newly formed centrist Europe Now! movement, running on an anti-corruption platform, outperformed the polls, gaining 29% of the votes and faced Đukanović in the second round. Andrija Mandić, one of the leaders of the right-wing populist DF secured 19% of the votes, finishing third in the first round. The second round runoff resulted in Milatović defeating Milo Đukanović in a landslide, becoming the first elected president not being a member of the Đukanović's DPS since introduction of the multi-party system in 1990, winning roughly 60% of the popular vote. It was the first time a runoff vote was held since the 1997 election, making it first presidential runoff since Montenegro gained independence in 2006, also the first election since 1997 where an incumbent president actively seeking reelection was denied a second term.","Jakov Milatović was the winner, receiving 29% of the votes in the first round and 60% of the popular vote in the second round.",closed_qa What athlete created the 'beast quake' for the Seattle Seahawks?,,Marshan Lynch,open_qa Name the Pandavas.,"The Pandavas (Sanskrit: पाण्डव, IAST: Pāṇḍava) refers to the five legendary brothers— Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva—who are the central characters of the Hindu epic Mahabharata. They are acknowledged as the sons of Pandu, the King of Kuru, but were fathered by different Devas (gods) due to Pandu's inability to naturally conceive children. In the epic, the Pandavas married Draupadi, the princess of Panchala, and founded the city of Indraprastha after the Kuru Kingdom was split to avoid succession disputes. After their paternal cousins the Kauravas—led by Duryodhana—tricked them into surrendering their kingdom and refused to return it, the Pandavas waged a civil war against their extended family, and this conflict was known as the Kurukshetra War. With the help of the god Krishna, the Pandavas eventually won the war with the death of the Kauravas, albeit at great cost.","The Pandavas (sons of Pandu) are Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva.",information_extraction Remove vowels from this text:,The men's individual competition of the triathlon events at the 2011 Pan American Games was held on October 23 at the API Maritime Terminal in Puerto Vallarta. The defending Pan American Games champion is Andy Potts of the United States.,Th mn's ndvdl cmpttn f th trthln vnts t th 2011 Pn mrcn Gms ws hld n ctbr 23 t th P Mrtm Trmnl n Prt Vllrt. Th dfndng Pn mrcn Gms chmpn s ndy Ptts f th ntd Stts.,information_extraction Conference of Parties (COP) is the supreme body of?,,UN framework Convention on Climate Change,open_qa "Given this paragraph about the Allegory of Peace, what does it represent?","Allegory of Peace or Triumph of Peace is a 1652 oil-on-canvas painting by Dutch artist Jan Lievens. The painting represents the 1648 Treaty of Münster and depicts Minerva, the goddess of wisdom, crowning Pax, the goddess of peace.","The painting represents the 1648 Treaty of Münster and depicts Minerva, the goddess of wisdom, crowning Pax, the goddess of peace.",closed_qa What is structural genomics?,,"Structural genomics seeks to describe the 3-dimensional structure of every protein encoded by a given genome. This genome-based approach allows for a high-throughput method of structure determination by a combination of experimental and modeling approaches. The principal difference between structural genomics and traditional structural prediction is that structural genomics attempts to determine the structure of every protein encoded by the genome, rather than focusing on one particular protein. With full-genome sequences available, structure prediction can be done more quickly through a combination of experimental and modeling approaches, especially because the availability of large number of sequenced genomes and previously solved protein structures allows scientists to model protein structure on the structures of previously solved homologs. Because protein structure is closely linked with protein function, the structural genomics has the potential to inform knowledge of protein function. In addition to elucidating protein functions, structural genomics can be used to identify novel protein folds and potential targets for drug discovery. Structural genomics involves taking a large number of approaches to structure determination, including experimental methods using genomic sequences or modeling-based approaches based on sequence or structural homology to a protein of known structure or based on chemical and physical principles for a protein with no homology to any known structure. As opposed to traditional structural biology, the determination of a protein structure through a structural genomics effort often (but not always) comes before anything is known regarding the protein function. This raises new challenges in structural bioinformatics, i.e. determining protein function from its 3D structure. Structural genomics emphasizes high throughput determination of protein structures. This is performed in dedicated centers of structural genomics. While most structural biologists pursue structures of individual proteins or protein groups, specialists in structural genomics pursue structures of proteins on a genome wide scale. This implies large-scale cloning, expression and purification. One main advantage of this approach is economy of scale. On the other hand, the scientific value of some resultant structures is at times questioned. A Science article from January 2006 analyzes the structural genomics field. One advantage of structural genomics, such as the Protein Structure Initiative, is that the scientific community gets immediate access to new structures, as well as to reagents such as clones and protein. A disadvantage is that many of these structures are of proteins of unknown function and do not have corresponding publications. This requires new ways of communicating this structural information to the broader research community. The Bioinformatics core of the Joint center for structural genomics (JCSG) has recently developed a wiki-based approach namely Open protein structure annotation network (TOPSAN) for annotating protein structures emerging from high-throughput structural genomics centers.",open_qa What does zan zendegi azadi mean?,,"Zan zendegi azadi translates from Farsi to woman, life, freedom.",open_qa Tell me about the plot of the book Cold Granite,"Cold Granite is the debut novel written by Stuart MacBride. It features Detective Sergeant Logan McRae (who is later nicknamed ""Lazarus"") as its central character, who works for Grampian Police in Aberdeen, Scotland. Logan McRae went on to feature in a series of books which became a bestseller series for MacBride. Plot It is Logan McRae's first week back after being on sick leave for a year; courtesy of Angus Robertson (The Mastrick Monster) who carved him up with a knife. Someone is kidnapping children, murdering them and mutilating them afterwards. The local paper screams about police incompetence and is gunning for McRae's boss, Detective Inspector David Insch. McRae discovers that someone is leaking the stories to a journalist, Colin Miller, who inadvertently disrupts Grampian Polices' plans to apprehend the killer by revealing their plan to wait out in a secluded location which the killer thinks is safe. McRae discovers that Miller's source is none other than his ex-girlfriend, Isobel McAlister, the police pathologist, who is now living with Miller and tells him about her day to unwind. Meanwhile, the local council worker who removes all the dead animals from the roads (affectionately called ""Roadkill"") is found to have a dead girl in his tip and another dead girl is discovered on the local rubbish dump.","Cold Granite is the debut novel written by Stuart MacBride. It features Detective Sergeant Logan McRae (who is later nicknamed ""Lazarus"") as its central character, who works for Grampian Police in Aberdeen, Scotland. Logan McRae went on to feature in a series of books which became a bestseller series for MacBride. The Plot goes as it is Logan McRae's first week back after being on sick leave for a year; courtesy of Angus Robertson (The Mastrick Monster) who carved him up with a knife. Someone is kidnapping children, murdering them and mutilating them afterwards. The local paper screams about police incompetence and is gunning for McRae's boss, Detective Inspector David Insch. McRae discovers that someone is leaking the stories to a journalist, Colin Miller, who inadvertently disrupts Grampian Polices' plans to apprehend the killer by revealing their plan to wait out in a secluded location which the killer thinks is safe. McRae discovers that Miller's source is none other than his ex-girlfriend, Isobel McAlister, the police pathologist, who is now living with Miller and tells him about her day to unwind. Meanwhile, the local council worker who removes all the dead animals from the roads (affectionately called ""Roadkill"") is found to have a dead girl in his tip and another dead girl is discovered on the local rubbish dump.",summarization Who won the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences?,"Friedrich August von Hayek CH FBA (/ˈhaɪək/ HY-ək, German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈʔaʊɡʊst fɔn ˈhaɪɛk] (listen); 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), often referred to by his initials F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian-British intellectual who made contributions to economics, political science, psychology, intellectual history, philosophy and other fields. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Gunnar Myrdal for work on money and economic fluctuations, and the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena. His account of how prices communicate information is widely regarded as an important contribution to economics that led to him receiving the prize",Friedrich August von Hayek and Gunnar Myrdal shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.,closed_qa What's the easiest way to make friends when traveling alone?,,"Traveling alone to anywhere in the world can be very intimidating and cal also feel lonely at times, but the great news is that it's extremely easy to make friends abroad! A couple of ways to make friends are: 1. Visit your neighborhood bar and sit at the bar. More than likely there will be other folks going alone and you'll be able to chat with them. You can strike a conversation by easily asking them about their order or if they're from the area. 2. Join travel groups on Facebook, Instagram and TikTok. With social media, it's much easier to find people who are traveling in the same location as you are and willing to meet up. A great group is The Travel Squad. You can join their Facebook community with thousands of solo travelers 3. Do walking tours! There are a ton of free walking tours that you can do so make sure to sign up. 4. Excursions is another great way to meet others. Don't be afraid to ask people where they are from or what got them interested in doing that excursion. 5. Hostels. If you don't mind the noise levels, hostels are one of the top ways to meet fellow friends while solo traveling. They always host great music, events and have a common dining room area where people tend to hang out. Traveling alone can feel scary but remember that all it takes is getting out of your comfort zone and striking up a conversation to make long lasting friendships!",open_qa What is a bokoblin?,,"It is an enemy type in The Legend of Zelda, Breath of the Wild. Some would refer to it (and other in-game enemies as ""mobs"").",open_qa "In computer science, where did the term big-endian originate?","Danny Cohen introduced the terms big-endian and little-endian into computer science for data ordering in an Internet Experiment Note published in 1980. The adjective endian has its origin in the writings of 18th century Anglo-Irish writer Jonathan Swift. In the 1726 novel Gulliver's Travels, he portrays the conflict between sects of Lilliputians divided into those breaking the shell of a boiled egg from the big end or from the little end. Because the emperor's son had cut his finger while opening an egg from the big end, doing so was prohibited by an imperial edict; those who rebelled and did so were called ""Big-Endians"" (Swift did not use the term Little-Endians in the work). Cohen makes the connection to Gulliver's Travels explicit in the appendix to his 1980 note.",Danny Cohen introduced the terms big-endian in an Internet Experiment Note published in 1980. In the appendix to the 1980 note he connected the idea to Gulliver's Travels.,information_extraction what is considered the birthplace of mountain biking?,,"Fairfax California is considered the birthplace of mountain biking. Local high school students who grew up in the area would take old single-speed bikes with coaster brakes up local fire roads and then ride them down the hills as fast as they could. Eventually they started adding gears to the bikes so that they could pedal them up the hill as well. The most famous trail was named Repack, because often after the races riders would have to re-pack the coaster brakes with grease because the grease would vaporize from the heat from the hard braking as they raced down the hill. Modern bike brands like Fisher, Ritchey, Klein, Breezer, and Specialized all had their start in the Marin County foothills north of San Francisco, in the small town of Fairfax.",open_qa Why everyone doesn't see solar eclipse when it occurs?,,"You have to be in the moon's darkest shadow (umbra). This place is small, so other areas around the world won't see it.",open_qa What are things I can do to help me score better on a test?,,"Here are things you can do better to score better on a test: 1. Pay attention to the instructor during classes 2. Attend office hours to ask questions you cannot figure out 3. Study with a friend group 4. Take practice tests or do practice questions 5. Read the text book or watch online tutorials 6. Teach the material to others to hone your knowledge on different topics",brainstorming What is HTML?,,The HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for creating web pages.,open_qa "In a website browser address bar, what does “www” stand for?",,World Wide Web,open_qa How important is pilot communication with a non-towered controlled airport?,"An airfield traffic pattern is a standard path followed by aircraft when taking off or landing while maintaining visual contact with the airfield. At an airport, the pattern (or circuit) is a standard path for coordinating air traffic. It differs from ""straight-in approaches"" and ""direct climb-outs"" in that aircraft using a traffic pattern remain close to the airport. Patterns are usually employed at small general aviation (GA) airfields and military airbases. Many large controlled airports avoid the system unless there is GA activity as well as commercial flights. However, some kind of a pattern may be used at airports in some cases such as when an aircraft is required to go around, but this kind of pattern at controlled airports may be very different in form, shape, and purpose to the standard traffic pattern as used at GA airports. The use of a pattern at airfields is for aviation safety. By using a consistent flight pattern, pilots will know from where to expect other air traffic and be able to see and avoid it. Pilots flying under visual flight rules (VFR) may not be separated by air traffic control, so this consistent predictable pattern is a vital way to keep things orderly. At tower-controlled airports, air traffic control (ATC) may provide traffic advisories for VFR flights on a work-load permitting basis.","Piloting into a non-towered airport in my experience can be more challenging than towered airports. What makes it challenging is that you are not speaking to anyone in charge of the airspace. You are broadcasting to an open communications channel and hope all the other pilots “play” by the rules. The first best practice is to have a basic understanding of the airport, how many runways, what direction do they run, direction of the traffic pattern and traffic pattern altitude etc.? Practice consistency as this will aid in your decision making process. As you approach the airport you must also check the weather via AWOS or ASOS to determine the wind direction, speed and altimeter setting. The next step is to tune into airport UNICOM to listen to other traffic in the area, note the departures and arrivals and also note other planes in the traffic pattern. The next step is to identify yourself via the airport UNICOM channel, provide your distance to the airport and your direction from the airport. Your approach direction will most likely determine how and where you will join the traffic pattern. Most importantly, keep listening to the airport UNICOM and actively look for any other planes either in the traffic pattern or in the vicinity. There are a minimum of 4 traffic pattern legs - crosswind, downwind, base and final. Your job as a pilot is to communicate as you enter each pattern leg. It is also beneficial to communicate your intentions whether you are executing a full stop landing or a touch-n-go. If you are doing a full-stop landing be sure to communicate when you are clear of the given runway.",closed_qa What are some of the most common social norms in the United States?,,"While social norms can vary between regions, some of the most common social norms to most regions in the United States include: - Greeting people when meeting - Saying please and thank you - Holding the door open for someone - Speaking quietly in a library or other quiet space - Tipping servers at restaurants and bars",brainstorming "Identify from this list what creatures are felines: panther, jaguar, elephant, kitten, human child, leopard, tiger, malamute, sofa",,"Panther, jaguar, kitten, leopard, tiger",classification What are the symptoms of Monkeypox?,,"Headache, fever, backache, muscle aches, chills, swollen lymph and rash on the skin",open_qa Write a diary entry about a real life incident on your recent trip with your family,,It was a sunny afternoon when we went hiking at Latourell falls as a family. When we were climbing down suddenly we found a snake and a salamander on the trail. The snake attacked the salamander. The salamander fought back but the snake ate it. My son saw the scene and felt so sad. We explained to him that it was nature's way of keeping the balance.,creative_writing How did Alfred Nobel make his money,,He invented Dynamite,open_qa Think up a bunch of different ways to spend time outdoors,,"Hiking, camping, fishing, kayaking, walking, biking, jogging",brainstorming Name a good ski mountain in Vermont,,"Jay Peak is an excellent mountain for skiing in VT. It sits at one of the most Northern parts of Vermont and is the Northern most ski resort in the state. Because of that, Jay Peak averages more snowfall then any other mountain in Vermont. Additionally, because of it's remote location it is also ideal for a getaway that feels like a true getaway. There is also an indoor waterpark, several excellent dining options, rock climbing wall, arcade, and a movie theater to keep the entire family entertained. Because of its proximity to Canada, you can also take a day trip to Montreal which is an added bonus. The ski conditions are also the best in Vermont which makes Jay Peak an ideal mountain for a ski vacation in Vermont",open_qa "Given a reference text about the blood hammer phenomenon, tell me the background of the term ""blood-hammer"".","The blood hammer phenomenon is a sudden increase of the upstream blood pressure in a blood vessel (especially artery or arteriole) when the bloodstream is abruptly blocked by vessel obstruction. The term ""blood-hammer"" was introduced in cerebral hemodynamics by analogy with the hydraulic expression ""water hammer"", already used in vascular physiology to designate an arterial pulse variety, the ""water-hammer pulse"". Complete understanding of the relationship between mechanical parameters in vascular occlusions is a critical issue, which can play an important role in the future diagnosis, understanding and treatment of vascular diseases.","The term ""blood-hammer"" was introduced by analogy with the hydraulic expression ""water hammer"" that was already used in vascular physiology.",closed_qa What are the key benefits of Delta Live Tables?,,"Here are the key benefits of Delta Live Tables: 1. Enable citizen engineers to self serve and innovate rapidly with simple pipeline development and maintenance 2. Trust your data with built-in quality controls and data quality monitoring to ensure accurate and useful BI, Data Science, and ML 3. Scale with automated administration through broader visibility into pipeline operations, automatic error handling, and auto-scaling capabilities 4. Support a wider variety of use cases by unlocking the development of real-time and incremental data pipelines to a wider audience",open_qa What is genome analysis?,,"The genome sequence of an organism includes the collective DNA sequences of each chromosome in the organism. For a bacterium containing a single chromosome, a genome project will aim to map the sequence of that chromosome. For the human species, whose genome includes 22 pairs of autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes, a complete genome sequence will involve 46 separate chromosome sequences. The Human Genome Project is a well known example of a genome project. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking a large number of short DNA sequences and reassembling them to create a representation of the original chromosomes from which the DNA originated. In a shotgun sequencing project, all the DNA from a source (usually a single organism, anything from a bacterium to a mammal) is first fractured into millions of small pieces. These pieces are then ""read"" by automated sequencing machines. A genome assembly algorithm works by taking all the pieces and aligning them to one another, and detecting all places where two of the short sequences, or reads, overlap. These overlapping reads can be merged, and the process continues. Genome assembly is a very difficult computational problem, made more difficult because many genomes contain large numbers of identical sequences, known as repeats. These repeats can be thousands of nucleotides long, and occur different locations, especially in the large genomes of plants and animals. The resulting (draft) genome sequence is produced by combining the information sequenced contigs and then employing linking information to create scaffolds. Scaffolds are positioned along the physical map of the chromosomes creating a ""golden path"". Originally, most large-scale DNA sequencing centers developed their own software for assembling the sequences that they produced. However, this has changed as the software has grown more complex and as the number of sequencing centers has increased. An example of such assembler Short Oligonucleotide Analysis Package developed by BGI for de novo assembly of human-sized genomes, alignment, SNP detection, resequencing, indel finding, and structural variation analysis. Since the 1980s, molecular biology and bioinformatics have created the need for DNA annotation. DNA annotation or genome annotation is the process of identifying attaching biological information to sequences , and particularly in identifying the locations of genes and determining what those genes do. When sequencing a genome, there are usually regions that are difficult to sequence (often regions with highly repetitive DNA). Thus, 'completed' genome sequences are rarely ever complete, and terms such as 'working draft' or 'essentially complete' have been used to more accurately describe the status of such genome projects. Even when every base pair of a genome sequence has been determined, there are still likely to be errors present because DNA sequencing is not a completely accurate process. It could also be argued that a complete genome project should include the sequences of mitochondria and (for plants) chloroplasts as these organelles have their own genomes. It is often reported that the goal of sequencing a genome is to obtain information about the complete set of genes in that particular genome sequence. The proportion of a genome that encodes for genes may be very small (particularly in eukaryotes such as humans, where coding DNA may only account for a few percent of the entire sequence). However, it is not always possible (or desirable) to only sequence the coding regions separately. Also, as scientists understand more about the role of this noncoding DNA (often referred to as junk DNA), it will become more important to have a complete genome sequence as a background to understanding the genetics and biology of any given organism. In many ways genome projects do not confine themselves to only determining a DNA sequence of an organism. Such projects may also include gene prediction to find out where the genes are in a genome, and what those genes do. There may also be related projects to sequence ESTs or mRNAs to help find out where the genes actually are.",open_qa "What episodes did William Gibson write for ""The X-Files""?",,"William Gibson wrote season 5's ""Kill Switch"" and season 7's ""First Person Shooter.""",open_qa Give me a bulleted list of ways to make my girlfriend happy on valentines day,,"Here are some ways to make your girlfriend happy on valentines day: 1. Give her breakfast in bed 2. Take her out to a romantic dinner 3. Surprise her with flowers 4. Write her a thoughtful letter 5. Buy her a heart shaped box of chocolates",brainstorming Is there a World Taekwondo Grand Prix,,The World Taekwondo Grand Prix is a taekwondo competition introduced by the World Taekwondo Federation in 2013 to provide a homogeneous system for qualification to the Olympic taekwondo tournament. It consists of four competitions per year in each Olympic weight category event. Olympic events occur at approximately half the weight classes as WTF-organised tournaments.,open_qa Provide a summary of Nora Forster's career based on this passage.,"Forster began her work as a music promoter in Munich. Her home there became a meeting place for ""rock royalty"". Some of the acts she worked with in Germany were Jimi Hendrix, Wishbone Ash and Yes. She found German society to be too restricting, and decided to move to London with her daughter in the latter half of the 1960s. Their first flat was located in a ""cold, damp and dark"" basement in West London, near the Chelsea football ground. Following that they moved to a small house off Gowrie Road in South London. During this time she came to be called a ""Punk Mummy Warrior"" who guided her daughter, Ari Up's musical pursuits and supported the development of her band, The Slits, when Ari was just fourteen or fifteen. Forster hosted numerous musician house guests, and among them was Neneh Cherry, the teenage step-daughter of Don Cherry. Cherry performed backing vocal with The Slits for a time. During the 1960s and 70s, Forster was part of the bohemian scene in London. Starting in the late 1960s Forster's home in Shepherd's Bush became a crash pad, salon, and meeting place for rock musicians including Joe Strummer of The Clash, Jimi Hendrix, Jon Anderson of the band Yes, and many other bands. She helped to financially support the punk bands The Slits, the Sex Pistols and The Clash.","Nora Foster helped numerous bands and musical artists develop their careers in Germany and London. She would house them, financially support them, and promote their upcoming concerts and album releases. Some notable artists she helped included The Clash, The Slits, and Jimi Hendrix. Her homes were well known as meeting places for ""rock royalty.""",summarization Where are the best places to purchase fabric for your sewing projects?,,"Depending on your project, there are a couple of stores that can be your go-to for purchasing supplies, particularly fabric: 1 - Joann has lots of options and frequently has sales and coupons that allow you to get your fabric at a discount. They offer most types of fabrics, but lack lots of options for some specialized ones, like cotton lawn and velvet. They also offer an abundance of other supplies that you might need to complete your project. 2 - Spoonflower is a platform for artists/designers to get their artwork/patterns printed on various types of fabrics. The options range from basic quilting cotton to Belgian linen. This store also frequently has sales to ensure you're getting your fabric at the best price. If you're looking for a specific pattern and unique type of fabric, this is your go-to. 3 - Fabric.com (owned by Amazon) is another great option with multiple types of fabrics at a range of price points. You also get fast and free shipping since the store operates under Amazon. 4 - Etsy is another marketplace for unique fabrics from individual vendors across the world. The price points are more variable, but you could find something unique depending on what your project is. Overall, the store you shop at will depend on the nature of your project, type of fabric you're looking for, and budget. The good news is, you're bound to find what you need at one of these stores.",open_qa List the architects who designed Klovska station,"Klovska — is a station on Kyiv Metro's Syretsko-Pecherska Line. Originally the station was a temporary terminus of the line between its opening date 31 December 1989 and prior to the expansion of the line to Vydubichy in December 1991. Designed by architects A. Krushinskiy, L. Kachalova, O. Cherevko and M. Solyanyk the station is a standard pylon trivault, but with aesthetics resembling the metallic Prague Metro stations, rather than the traditional marble-clad Soviet ones. The emphasis was to give the station monumentalism, which is achieved by giving a bright high contrast gleam to the appearance. The vault ceilings are covered by set of green aluminium planes. Highly contrasting with this are the black niches which hold a line of powerful fluorescent lighting elements. White marble is used for the walls.","A. Krushinskiy, L. Kachalova, O. Cherevko and M. Solyanyk",information_extraction List down some points about military base from the given passage.,"A military base is a facility directly owned and operated by or for the military or one of its branches that shelters military equipment and personnel, and facilitates training and operations. A military base always provides accommodations for one or more units, but it may also be used as a command center, training ground or proving ground. In most cases, military bases rely on outside help to operate. However, certain complex bases are able to endure on their own for long periods because they are able to provide food, water and other necessities for their inhabitants while under siege. Bases for military aviation are called military air bases, or simply ""air bases"". Bases for military ships are called naval bases.","1. A military base is a structure that is directly owned and run by or for the military or one of its branches, houses military people and equipment, and aids in operations and training. 2. A military base may serve as a command post, a training area, or a proving ground in addition to housing one or more units. 3. Military bases typically rely on outside assistance to function. 4. However, some sophisticated bases can survive on their own for extended periods of time because they can supply their residents with food, water, and other essentials even when they are under attack. 5. Military air bases, or simply ""air bases,"" are bases for military aviation. 6. Naval bases are bases for military ships.",summarization What are the top 3 largest countries by territory?,,"Russia, Canada and China",open_qa What are the primary causes of inflation?,,"In an economy with too much money (the money supply), the currency value decreases when the total amount of money increases. Prices of goods/services increase (price inflation) when the money supply increases (monetary inflation) over a longer period of time. Economists disagree on the causes over shorter periods of time.",open_qa What woodwind instruments are popular to learn?,,"Flute, Clarinet and Saxophone are popular woodwind instruments. Oboe and Bassoon are interesting but less popular.",brainstorming What is Black rice?,"Black rice, also known as purple rice or forbidden rice, is a range of rice types of the species Oryza sativa, some of which are glutinous rice. There are several varieties of black rice available today. These include Indonesian black rice, Philippine heirloom balatinaw black rice and pirurutong black glutinous rice, and Thai jasmine black rice. Black rice is known as chak-hao in Manipur, India. In Bangladesh, it is known as kalo dhaner chaal (black paddy rice) and used to make polao or rice-based desserts. The bran hull (outermost layer) of black rice contains one of the highest levels of anthocyanins found in food. The grain has a similar amount of fiber to brown rice and like brown rice, has a mild, nutty taste. Black rice has a deep black color and usually turns deep purple when cooked. Its dark purple color is primarily due to its anthocyanin content, which is higher by weight than that of other colored grains. It is suitable for creating porridge, dessert, traditional Chinese black rice cake, bread, and noodles.","Black rice is also known as purple or forbidden rice and is a range within the Oryza sativa, some of the most glutinous rice. When cooked, black rice usually turns deep purple. There are several varieties of black rice available today which include Indonesian black rice, Philippine heirloom black rice and Thai jasmine black rice. In India, black rice is known as chak-hao. In Bangladesh, black rice is used to make desserts.",information_extraction What is the major source of income in Ethiopia and why its important?,,"Agriculture is the backbone of the economy and the main source of livelihood for the majority of the population. However, traditional agricultural practices have led to soil degradation and deforestation. Farmers in Ethiopia often rely on a few staple crops, such as teff, wheat, and maize, which are grown repeatedly on the same plot of land without proper rotation or replenishment of soil nutrients (International Labour Organization). This leads to reduced yields, which can make it difficult for farmers to produce enough food to feed their families and earn a living. Deforestation, which is also a major problem, has been driven by the need for more land to grow crops. Ethiopia has one of the highest deforestation rates in the world, with an estimated loss of 1.1 million hectares of forest every year (World Bank).",open_qa What is a unit trust?,,People can invest in unit trusts by buying units. The managers of the trust use the money people invest to buy investments. The fund manager values the fund's assets from time to time and puts a new price on the fund's units.,open_qa Who was in control of the four occupation zones as per the above passage?,"After the end of World War II in Europe, what remained of pre-war Germany west of the Oder-Neisse line was divided into four occupation zones (as per the Potsdam Agreement), each one controlled by one of the four occupying Allied powers: the United States, the United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union. The capital of Berlin, as the seat of the Allied Control Council, was similarly subdivided into four sectors despite the city's location, which was fully within the Soviet zone. Within two years, political divisions increased between the Soviets and the other occupying powers. These included the Soviets' refusal to agree to reconstruction plans making post-war Germany self-sufficient, and to a detailed accounting of industrial plants, goods and infrastructure—some of which had already been removed by the Soviets. France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Benelux countries later met to combine the non-Soviet zones of Germany into one zone for reconstruction, and to approve the extension of the Marshall Plan.","the United States, the United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union.",information_extraction Which major countries border Mongolia?,"Mongolia (/mɒŋˈɡoʊliə/ (listen)) is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometres (603,909 square miles), with a population of just 3.3 million, making it the world's most sparsely populated sovereign nation. Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea, and much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to roughly half of the country's population.",Russia and China,closed_qa Write a mother’s negative review for a dentist office with a dirty waiting room.,,Would not recommend!! I would give zero stars if I could. I took my children to this dentist to have their teeth cleaned and was absolutely disgusted by the state of the waiting room. The seats were stained and it looked like the floor hadn’t been cleaned in weeks. How hard it is to vacuum every now and then? I was afraid to let the kids touch anything and this is simply unacceptable for any kind of medical clinic. There are many other places in the area that keep their facility clean. Avoid this business!,creative_writing Give me some tips to impress my aspiring Father-in-law.,,"1. Try to be authentic self. It will cause you less stress in long run and also provide a chance to the other person to get to know you better. 2. Be respectful. It is always good to understand other person's perspective specially when they are coming from a different generation. 3. Light the conversation over the lighter topics or if required keep yourself up to date with the recent events happening in the world. Bonus points if you also know about the topics of interest for the other party. 4. Relax and try to enjoy the time together. At the end of the day, both of you would like to know each other better. There can always be some judgement in the equation but with openness and mindful transparency, things should evolve constructively.",brainstorming "Jill, a 60-year-old personal training client, wants to improve her hip flexibility. She repeatedly bounces up and down, trying to touch her toes from a standing position. Will hip flexibility be the expected outcome of this exercise? Is her technique appropriate? What modifications would you make, if any?",,"In practice, she may find some improvements in her hip flexibility, but certainly this is not the right, nor optimal, technique to improve her hip flexibility. She risks injuring herself with this kind of movement. This is because every tendon has a stretch reflex, and when triggered, will cause the muscle connected to it to contract; for example, when the patellar tendon underneath your knee is hit by your doctor during your yearly checkup, your quads contract involuntarily and your leg kicks up. When you are stretching, you are elongating the muscles. If you bounce while stretching, you can activate your tendon’s stretch reflex, causing your muscle to try and contract while also elongating it, which may tear the muscle or even detach the tendon from the bone in extreme cases. I would recommend her to not bounce during toe touches, and focus on keeping the motion static.",brainstorming What is the SECA Art Award?,,"SECA stands for Society for the Encouragement of Contemporary Art. The SECA Art Award is an annual award that is given to emerging San Francisco Bay Area artists. It was organized by the SFMOMA in1967, and has been awarded every year since then. In 2022, 5 artists got selected: Binta Ayofemi, Maria A. Guzmán Capron, Cathy Lu, Marcel Pardo Ariza, and Gregory Rick. Their diverse works deal with racial conflict, American Asian identity, trans pride, black and indigenous presence in the urban landscape. SECA installations can be viewed at the SFMOMA Level 2 galleries from December through May annually.",open_qa "Given the this paragraph about the invention of transistors, why did lawyers at Bell Labs advise Shockley against filing a patent for his field-effect transistors?","From November 17 to December 23, 1947, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain at AT&T's Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey performed experiments and observed that when two gold point contacts were applied to a crystal of germanium, a signal was produced with the output power greater than the input. Solid State Physics Group leader William Shockley saw the potential in this, and over the next few months worked to greatly expand the knowledge of semiconductors. The term transistor was coined by John R. Pierce as a contraction of the term transresistance. According to Lillian Hoddeson and Vicki Daitch, Shockley proposed that Bell Labs' first patent for a transistor should be based on the field-effect and that he be named as the inventor. Having unearthed Julius Edgar Lilienfeld's patents that went into obscurity years earlier, lawyers at Bell Labs advised against Shockley's proposal because the idea of a field-effect transistor that used an electric field as a ""grid"" was not new. Instead, what Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley invented in 1947 was the first point-contact transistor. To acknowledge this accomplishment, Shockley, Bardeen and Brattain jointly received the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics ""for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect"".",The idea had previously been proposed and patented by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld.,closed_qa Which numbers between 1 to 10 are prime numbers and which are composite numbers?,,"2,3,5,7 are prime numbers. 4,6,8,9,10 are composite numbers.",classification What services does Microsoft offer?,,"Microsoft offers a variety of different services. They have a cloud platform called Azure, internet search using bing.com, email through Microsoft. They also have the windows platform which is one of the most widely used computer operating system in the world. They offer Microsoft word, excel, powerpoint, and access. Word is used for document creation, excel is used for data manipulation and graphing, powerpoint is used for presentations, and access is used for database development.",open_qa "Based on the following passage, give 3 reasons why the Sixteenth Amendment was passed and ratified.","An income tax amendment to the Constitution was first proposed by Senator Norris Brown of Nebraska. He submitted two proposals, Senate Resolutions Nos. 25 and 39. The amendment proposal finally accepted was Senate Joint Resolution No. 40, introduced by Senator Nelson W. Aldrich of Rhode Island, the Senate majority leader and Finance Committee Chairman. The amendment was proposed as part of the congressional debate over the 1909 Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act; by proposing the amendment, Aldrich hoped to temporarily defuse progressive calls for the imposition of new taxes in the tariff act. Aldrich and other conservative leaders in Congress largely opposed the actual ratification of the amendment, but they believed that it had little chance of being ratified, as ratification required approval by three quarters of the state legislatures. On July 12, 1909, the resolution proposing the Sixteenth Amendment was passed by the Congress and was submitted to the state legislatures. Support for the income tax was strongest in the western and southern states, while opposition was strongest in the northeastern states. Supporters of the income tax believed that it would be a much better method of gathering revenue than tariffs, which were the primary source of revenue at the time. From well before 1894, Democrats, Progressives, Populists and other left-oriented parties argued that tariffs disproportionately affected the poor, interfered with prices, were unpredictable, and were an intrinsically limited source of revenue. The South and the West tended to support income taxes because their residents were generally less prosperous, more agricultural and more sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. A sharp rise in the cost of living between 1897 and 1913 greatly increased support for the idea of income taxes, including in the urban Northeast. A growing number of Republicans also began supporting the idea, notably Theodore Roosevelt and the ""Insurgent"" Republicans (who would go on to form the Progressive Party). These Republicans were driven mainly by a fear of the increasingly large and sophisticated military forces of Japan, Britain and the European powers, their own imperial ambitions, and the perceived need to defend American merchant ships. Moreover, these progressive Republicans were convinced that central governments could play a positive role in national economies. A bigger government and a bigger military, they argued, required a correspondingly larger and steadier source of revenue to support it. Opposition to the Sixteenth Amendment was led by establishment Republicans because of their close ties to wealthy industrialists, although not even they were uniformly opposed to the general idea of a permanent income tax. In 1910, New York Governor Charles Evans Hughes, shortly before becoming a Supreme Court Justice, spoke out against the income tax amendment. Hughes supported the idea of a federal income tax, but believed the words ""from whatever source derived"" in the proposed amendment implied that the federal government would have the power to tax state and municipal bonds. He believed this would excessively centralize governmental power and ""would make it impossible for the state to keep any property"". Between 1909 and 1913, several conditions favored passage of the Sixteenth Amendment. Inflation was high and many blamed federal tariffs for the rising prices. The Republican Party was divided and weakened by the loss of Roosevelt and the Insurgents who joined the Progressive Party, a problem that blunted opposition even in the Northeast. In 1912, the Democrats won the presidency and control of both houses of Congress. The country was generally in a left-leaning mood, with a member of the Socialist Party winning a seat in the U.S. House in 1910 and the party's presidential candidate polling six percent of the popular vote in 1912. Three advocates for a federal income tax ran in the presidential election of 1912. On February 25, 1913, Secretary of State Philander Knox proclaimed that the amendment had been ratified by three-fourths of the states and so had become part of the Constitution. The Revenue Act of 1913, which greatly lowered tariffs and implemented a federal income tax, was enacted shortly after the Sixteenth Amendment was ratified.","Reasons the Sixteenth Amendment to the US constitution was passed by Congress in 1909 and ratified by the states in 1913 include: 1. Democrats and progressives believed the income tax to be fairer method of generating revenue than tariffs (taxes on the import and export of goods). 2. Western and southern states were concerned about commodity prices, which were impacted by tariffs, and therefore preferred an alternative means of revenue. 3. Republicans were split on whether to oppose or support amendment.",information_extraction how to become a yoga instructor?,,"Yoga instructor is usually a yogi that bears a passion to instruct and help other yogis. To be certified, you must complete yoga instructor training. There are online, in person and hybrid options for the yoga instructor training. Once certified, you can start teaching in the community. However, to be a registered member of yoga instructor associations, it generally requires 200 hours of certified training time every year. Members of a renowned yoga instructor association provides better credentials and makes it easier to find customers on your own or find a position with gyms or yoga studios.",brainstorming Extract the names of the islands located on the Eastern Group of the Azores plateau from the text. Separate them with a comma.,"These islands can be divided into three recognizable groups located on the Azores Plateau: The Eastern Group (Grupo Oriental) of São Miguel, Santa Maria and Formigas Islets The Central Group (Grupo Central) of Terceira, Graciosa, São Jorge, Pico and Faial The Western Group (Grupo Ocidental) of Flores and Corvo.","São Miguel, Santa Maria and Formigas",information_extraction Why we need weekend,,Because you have all right to take rest and live with your family and friend to get ready for the next week battle,brainstorming Summarize what Pickleball is to me,"Pickleball is an indoor or outdoor racket/paddle sport where two players (singles), or four players (doubles), hit a perforated hollow plastic ball over a 36-inch-high (0.91 m) net using solid-faced paddles. Opponents on either side of the net hit the ball back and forth until one side commits a rule infraction. Pickleball was invented in 1965 as a children's backyard game on Bainbridge Island, Washington, US. In 2022, pickleball was adopted as the official state sport of Washington. The appearance of a pickleball court, and the manner of play, resembles tennis, but the court is the size of a doubles badminton court, less than a third the size of a tennis court. Court lines and rules are specific to pickleball and include two 7-foot areas (2.1 m) on either side of the net known as the non-volley zones, where the ball cannot be hit with the paddle unless the ball bounces first. The official rules specify side-out scoring, where only the serving team can score a point. All serves are made with an underhand stroke. The hard plastic ball used in pickleball produces significantly less bounce than softer flexible balls, such as a tennis ball. The minimal bounce combined with the non-volley zone and underhand serve give the game dynamic pace and strategy ranging from soft dink shots that stay within the two non-volley zones to powerful drive shots and overhead smash shots. To minimize any advantage the serving or receiving side might have at the beginning of the game, the ball must bounce once on each side of the net before either team may volley the ball, which is to hit the ball in the air before it bounces. Between 1965 and 2020, it became a popular sport in the US Pacific Northwest, and in the meantime began to grow elsewhere. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, the sport was named the fastest-growing sport in the United States by the Sports and Fitness Industry Association, with over 4.8 million players. A growing interest in the sport is attributed to several factors, including a short learning curve, appeal to a wide range of ages and fitness levels, and low startup costs. There are now thousands of pickleball tournaments throughout the United States, including the US National Championships and the U.S. Open Tournament, along with two professional tours and one professional league. Pickleball is also experiencing growth outside the United States with several other national and international competitions.","Pickleball is an indoor or outdoor racket/paddle sport where two players (singles), or four players (doubles), hit a perforated hollow plastic ball over a 36-inch-high (0.91 m) net using solid-faced paddles. Opponents on either side of the net hit the ball back and forth until one side commits a rule infraction. The appearance of a pickleball court, and the manner of play, resembles tennis, but the court is the size of a doubles badminton court. Court lines and rules are specific to pickleball and include two 7-foot areas (2.1 m) on either side of the net known as the non-volley zones, where the ball cannot be hit with the paddle unless the ball bounces first. The official rules specify side-out scoring, where only the serving team can score a point. All serves are made with an underhand stroke. The hard plastic ball used in pickleball produces significantly less bounce than softer flexible balls, such as a tennis ball.",summarization How do you plan a trip?,,"There are many different ways to plan a trip. In addition, there are many different factors to include in order to plan a trip. First of all, it is important to know the type of travel. Is this a business trip? Is this family trip? Next you need to decide on how many days you want to stay in your destination(s). Once the first two steps are completed, you need to find out the activities during your trip. Last but not least, you need to decide on your budget. Once all of these factors are decided, you should work backward and spread your budget between accommodations, activities and means of transportation.",creative_writing What was the first road trip after Elson joined Indiana University?,"Elson joined the Hilltoppers staff as a defensive backs coach in 1996. He served as defensive coordinator for the 2001 and 2002 season before he was promoted to head coach. The rise to college football's highest level was difficult for the program, and Hilltoppers went 2-20 in Elson's final two seasons. On November 9, 2009 Elson was fired by the university, finishing out the 2009 season. WKU alumnus and Stanford running backs coach Willie Taggart replaced him. In March 2010, Indiana University head football coach Bill Lynch announced that Elson will be a defensive quality control coach. Coach Lynch noted this would mainly be an administrative role, but that he would be involved in coaching decisions. The Hoosiers made their first road trip of the year to play Elson's former team, the WKU Hilltoppers in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Elson spent the 2011 football season as defensive coordinator for KHSAA state finalist Franklin-Simpson High School in Franklin, Kentucky. On January 4, 2012, Elson was announced as the defensive coordinator at New Mexico State University. On January 13, 2013, Elson was announced as the new secondary coach for the Southern Illinois University Carbondale, where he was a graduate assistant from 94 to 95. On January 20, 2016, after two years at Southern Illinois, Elson accepted the position as defensive coordinator at Western Illinois under new head coach Charlie Fisher.","The roadtrip was to play the WKU Hilltoppers in Bowling Green, Kentucky",closed_qa Do tomatoes belong in Louisiana-style gumbo?,,"The answer is it depends. In traditional Louisiana-style gumbo recipes from the area known for Cajun (Acadiana) cuisine, tomatoes are not commonly part of the recipe. However, in the area known for Creole (New Orleans) cuisine tomatoes are commonly part of the recipe.",open_qa "Tomas is a 50-yr-old nonsmoking male who was recently invited by colleagues to participate in a 10-km trail run. He's been walking for 40 minutes 3 days a week, something he's maintained “for years”. His goal is to run the entire 10K race without stopping. He reports having what he describes as a “mild heart attack” at 45 years old, completed cardiac rehabilitation, and has had no problems since. He takes a statin and a low-dose aspirin daily. During his last visit (2 years ago) with his cardiologist, no changes were noted in his medical condition. Can you brainstorm reasons why Tomas's physician would prescribe a statin? Make sure to explain how this medication works.",,"Statins are drugs that can lower your cholesterol, which can help lower Tomas’s total cholesterol and reduce their risk of a heart attack or stroke. His physician may have prescribed him this as he has had a history of cardiovascular disease (specifically a heart attack), and the statin is primarily a preventative measure against future heart attacks. Statins block a substance your liver needs to make cholesterol. This causes your liver to remove cholesterol from your blood.",brainstorming What is intelligence?,,"The term intelligence is an open term and is often open to interpretation and relativity. Some people claim you can test for intelligence using an intelligence quotient (IQ) test. This is up for debate. Knowledge alone does not equal intelligence. The proper use of knowledge can be referred to as intelligence. A definition of intelligence is: the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. According to this, nearly every has the ability of intelligence.",open_qa From the passage list down the various models of Tesla vehicle. List the results in comma separated format.,"Tesla, Inc. (/ˈtɛslə/ TESS-lə or /ˈtɛzlə/ TEZ-lə) is an American multinational automotive and clean energy company headquartered in Austin, Texas, United States. Tesla designs and manufactures electric vehicles (electric cars and trucks), battery energy storage from home to grid-scale, solar panels and solar roof tiles, and related products and services. Tesla is one of the world's most valuable companies and is, as of 2023, the world's most valuable automaker. In 2021, the company had the most worldwide sales of battery electric vehicles and plug-in electric vehicles, capturing 21% of the battery-electric (purely electric) market and 14% of the plug-in market (which includes plug-in hybrids). Through its subsidiary Tesla Energy, the company develops and is a major installer of photovoltaic systems in the United States. Tesla Energy is also one of the largest global suppliers of battery energy storage systems, with 3.99 gigawatt-hours (GWh) installed in 2021. Tesla was incorporated in July 2003 by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning as Tesla Motors. The company's name is a tribute to inventor and electrical engineer Nikola Tesla. In February 2004, via a $6.5 million investment, Elon Musk became the largest shareholder of the company. He has served as CEO since 2008. According to Musk, the purpose of Tesla is to help expedite the move to sustainable transport and energy, obtained through electric vehicles and solar power. Tesla began production of its first car model, the Roadster sports car, in 2008. This was followed by the Model S sedan in 2012, the Model X SUV in 2015, the Model 3 sedan in 2017, the Model Y crossover in 2020, and the Tesla Semi truck in 2022. The company plans to start production of the Cybertruck light-duty pickup truck in 2023. The Model 3 is the all-time bestselling plug-in electric car worldwide, and, in June 2021, became the first electric car to sell 1 million units globally. Tesla's 2022 full year deliveries were around 1.31 million vehicles, a 40% increase over the previous year, and cumulative sales totaled 3 million cars as of August 2022. In October 2021, Tesla's market capitalization reached $1 trillion, the sixth company to do so in U.S. history. Tesla has been the subject of several lawsuits, government scrutiny, journalistic criticism, and public controversies arising from statements and acts of CEO Elon Musk and from allegations of whistleblower retaliation, worker rights violations, and defects with their products.","Roadster, Model S, Model X, Model 3, Model Y, Tesla Semi, Cybertruck",information_extraction What is a Haiku?,,"A haiku is a short poem composed of three phrases and 17 syllables, with the first and last phrases being 5 syllables and the second phrase being 7 syllables. Originating from Japan, haikus are typically centered around nature-related topics, such as Spring.",open_qa What is wholesale banking?,,"Wholesale banking is the provision of services by banks to larger customers or organizations such as mortgage brokers, large corporate clients, mid-sized companies, real estate developers and investors, international trade finance businesses, institutional customers (such as pension funds and government entities/agencies), and services offered to other banks or other financial institutions. Wholesale finance refers to financial services conducted between financial services companies and institutions such as banks, insurers, fund managers, and stockbrokers. Modern wholesale banks engage in: - Finance wholesaling - Underwriting - Market making - Consultancy - Mergers and acquisitions - Fund management",open_qa Is the recording of a person's last words reliable?,"A person's last words, their final articulated words stated prior to death or as death approaches, are often recorded because of the decedent's fame, but sometimes because of interest in the statement itself. (People dying of illness are frequently inarticulate at the end, and in such cases their actual last utterances may not be recorded or considered very important.) Last words may be recorded accurately, or, for a variety of reasons, may not. Reasons can include simple error or deliberate intent. Even if reported wrongly, putative last words can constitute an important part of the perceived historical records or demonstration of cultural attitudes toward death at the time.","Sometimes it is, while other times it may contain errors or deliberately misquoted.",closed_qa What herbs can I easily grow in my garden?,,"Basil, Parsley, Rosemary and Sage are all easy to grow.",brainstorming In which country is the Karachchi Divisional Council located?,"Karachchi Divisional Council is the local authority for Kandavalai and Karachchi DS Divisions in northern Sri Lanka. KDC is responsible for providing a variety of local public services including roads, sanitation, drains, housing, libraries, public parks and recreational facilities. It has 19 members elected using the open list proportional representation system.",Sri Lanka,closed_qa What is CSS?,,The Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is the language to style an HTML document. CSS describes how HTML elements should be displayed on a web page.,open_qa Extract the reason why the check clearing system was created,"Because some banks refused to clear checks from certain other banks during times of economic uncertainty, a check-clearing system was created in the Federal Reserve System. It is briefly described in The Federal Reserve System‍—‌Purposes and Functions as follows: By creating the Federal Reserve System, Congress intended to eliminate the severe financial crises that had periodically swept the nation, especially the sort of financial panic that occurred in 1907. During that episode, payments were disrupted throughout the country because many banks and clearinghouses refused to clear checks drawn on certain other banks, a practice that contributed to the failure of otherwise solvent banks. To address these problems, Congress gave the Federal Reserve System the authority to establish a nationwide check-clearing system. The System, then, was to provide not only an elastic currency‍—‌that is, a currency that would expand or shrink in amount as economic conditions warranted‍—‌but also an efficient and equitable check-collection system.","During financial crises in early 20th century, some banks refused to clear checks drawn on certain other banks, a practice that contributed to the failure of otherwise solvent banks, which ultimately led to severe crises that swept the nation, therefore Congress gave the Federal Reserve System the authority to establish a nationwide check-clearing system to address such systematic issues.",information_extraction What teams did Tom Brady play for when he won the Super Bowl?,,Tom Brady won the Super Bowl while playing for the New England Patriots and Tampa Bay Buccaneers.,open_qa Hindi Diwas is observed every year on which date?,,September 14,open_qa List the 6 naturally occurring noble gases.,"The noble gases (historically also the inert gases; sometimes referred to as aerogens) make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity. The six naturally occurring noble gases are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn). Oganesson (Og) is a synthetically produced highly radioactive element. Although IUPAC has used the term ""noble gas"" interchangeably with ""group 18"" and thus included oganesson, it may not be significantly chemically noble and is predicted to break the trend and be reactive due to relativistic effects. Because of the extremely short 0.7 ms half-life of its only known isotope, its chemistry has not yet been investigated. For the first six periods of the periodic table, the noble gases are exactly the members of group 18. Noble gases are typically highly unreactive except when under particular extreme conditions. The inertness of noble gases makes them very suitable in applications where reactions are not wanted. For example, argon is used in incandescent lamps to prevent the hot tungsten filament from oxidizing; also, helium is used in breathing gas by deep-sea divers to prevent oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide toxicity. The properties of the noble gases can be well explained by modern theories of atomic structure: Their outer shell of valence electrons is considered to be ""full"", giving them little tendency to participate in chemical reactions, and it has been possible to prepare only a few hundred noble gas compounds. The melting and boiling points for a given noble gas are close together, differing by less than 10 °C (18 °F); that is, they are liquids over only a small temperature range. Neon, argon, krypton, and xenon are obtained from air in an air separation unit using the methods of liquefaction of gases and fractional distillation. Helium is sourced from natural gas fields that have high concentrations of helium in the natural gas, using cryogenic gas separation techniques, and radon is usually isolated from the radioactive decay of dissolved radium, thorium, or uranium compounds. Noble gases have several important applications in industries such as lighting, welding, and space exploration. A helium-oxygen breathing gas is often used by deep-sea divers at depths of seawater over 55 m (180 ft). After the risks caused by the flammability of hydrogen became apparent in the Hindenburg disaster, it was replaced with helium in blimps and balloons.","The six naturally occurring noble gases are: 1. Helium (He) 2. Neon (Ne) 3. Argon (Ar) 4. Krypton (Kr) 5. Xenon (Xe) 6. Radon (Rn)",summarization Tell me a few flaws of the Human Development Index from this passage,"The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores a higher level of HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the gross national income GNI (PPP) per capita is higher. It was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and was further used to measure a country's development by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)'s Human Development Report Office. The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that ""the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality), while the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum level of HDI) that could be achieved if there were no inequality."" The index is based on the human development approach, developed by Mahbub ul Haq, anchored in Amartya Sen's work on human capabilities, and often framed in terms of whether people are able to ""be"" and ""do"" desirable things in life. Examples include – being: well fed, sheltered, and healthy; doing: work, education, voting, participating in community life. The freedom of choice is central – someone choosing to be hungry (e.g. when fasting for religious reasons) is quite different from someone who is hungry because they cannot afford to buy food, or because the country is in a famine. The index does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most developed countries, such as the G7 members and others.","Human Development Index has been revised in 2010 owing to a few limitations. HDI is believed to estimate the 'potential' human development that could be achieved if there were no inequality. The revised Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality). Secondly, HDI does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most developed countries, such as the G7 members and others.",summarization What are some common onion varieties used in cooking?,,"Common onions used in cooking are yellow onion, white onion, red onion, sweet onion, green onion, spring onion, leeks, and shallots.",brainstorming Draft an e-mail to a resort inquiring about information regarding a vow renewal celebration for my wife and me.,,"Hi Jane, I am reaching out to obtain information about hosting a vow renewal celebration at your resort. You were listed as an event POC on the resort's website, please connect me with another colleague if you are not the right contact. I outlined preliminary details below as a starting point for our discussion. - Guest information - Tentative dates: July 11-16, 2022 - Group size: 20-30 - Group ages: 1 years old to elderly - Event(s): - Main Event: Vow Renewal/Celebration - My wife and I would like to have a vow renewal ceremony with dinner and dancing afterward. This will be largely a family gathering and I want it to be relaxed and memorable. - We would like the vow renewal ceremony to take place outside and we are flexible on the dinner/dancing space. - We would like the event to take place during the middle of stay (i.e., July 14). - Potential Additional Events: Welcome Party & Group Activity - We would like to block an area for ""welcome drinks"" one night and do a group activity one day (e.g., tennis tournament, chartering a boat). Are you able to share any information around pricing for this group and hosting a private event? Please let me know if you have any questions. Ideally you will provide preliminary information for me to review and then we can schedule a call for detailed questions. I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon. Thank you, John",creative_writing "In chess, why is the queen valued at nine points instead of eight?",,"In chess, typically chess pieces are valued based on their importance. For example, Pawn - 1 point Knight - 3 points Bishop - 3 points Rook - 5 points Queen - 9 points Since the queen can move like the bishop and the rook, simple math would suggest that it is valued at 8 points (3 + 5). However, the game of chess, involves complex scenarios and strategies and having a single piece that can move in all directions gives it a distinct advantage during various phases of the chess game. This is why the queen is given a higher point valuation.",creative_writing "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Archelon Turtle, Bornean Orangutan",,"Archelon Turtle is extinct, Bornean Orangutan is alive.",classification Who is the most powerful person in the world?,,"The answer is subjective as it depends on definition of power at a global scale. If the criteria is based on a person representing a country with significant military power, economic power and geo-political influence, then the two most powerful individuals in the world are Joe Biden (current president of the United States) and Xi Jinping (leader of the Chinese Communist Party) and leader of China",open_qa What is net worth?,,"Net worth is the value of the assets a person or corporation owns, minus the liabilities they owe. It is an important metric to gauge a person's health, providing a useful snapshot of its current financial position. Tracking your net worth over time is a helpful indicator of your financial stability. Looking at net worth can help you understand where your money has gone in the past vs. where you want it to go in the future.",open_qa "Given a reference text about a president, tell me when he died.","William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773 – April 4, 1841) was an American military officer and politician who served as the ninth president of the United States. Harrison died just 31 days after his inauguration in 1841, and had the shortest presidency in United States history. He was also the first United States president to die in office, and a brief constitutional crisis resulted as presidential succession was not then fully defined in the United States Constitution. Harrison was the last president born as a British subject in the Thirteen Colonies and was the paternal grandfather of Benjamin Harrison, the 23rd president of the United States.","April 4, 1841",closed_qa "What is ""Disko""?","""Disko"" (Slovene pronunciation: [ˈdíːskɔ]) is a 2022 song by Slovenian pop band Last Pizza Slice. The song represented Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 in Turin, Italy, after winning EMA 2022, Slovenia's national final. Release The song was released on 26 November 2021, along with all other songs competing in EMA 2022. It was officially released to streaming services on 1 April. Music video An animated music video of ""Disko"" would come out on 11 April, with artwork by Manca Matelič, a school classmate of the band, and Matevž Bervar. The video features a man getting dumped by his girlfriend at a nightclub. The man ends up being depressed, drinking at the nightclub. One day, while seeing his ex-girlfriend kiss her boyfriend at a bridge, the man falls over into a river. While it is unknown if the man drowned or hallucinated, underwater, he eventually meets another girl, and becomes happy again.[citation needed] The music video is inspired by the lead singer, Filip Vidušin, having a real life experience of getting dumped at a disco and watching his ex-girlfriend dance with another man.","""Disko"" is a 2022 song by Slovenian pop band Last Pizza Slice.",summarization What is the meaning of life?,,"Some say it's love and family, others say it's 42. I say you should probably figure this one out for yourself.",open_qa What is the difference between a day on Earth and Mars?,,"A day on mars is called a Sol whose name is borrowed from the Latin word for Sun. Compared to a day on Earth, a sol is slightly longer at 24 hours, 39 minutes, and 35 seconds which is equivalent to 1.0275 Earth days. Spacecraft that have landed on Mars conventionally use a 24 hour Mars clock where the hours, minutes, and seconds are 2.75% longer than the standard Earth durations.",open_qa Who was the guitarist and drummer of The Verve?,"The Verve were an English rock band formed in Wigan, Greater Manchester in 1990 by lead vocalist Richard Ashcroft, guitarist Nick McCabe, bass guitarist Simon Jones and drummer Peter Salisbury. Guitarist and keyboard player Simon Tong later became a member in their first reunion only.",Nick McCabe and Peter Salisbury,information_extraction "Describe how you would approach a corporate rebrand. Share your objectives, timeline, required budget and resources, and how you would measure your success.",,"You should approach a rebrand by partnering with a creative agency to develop a polished, scalable version of a company story, which would likely be a 4-6 month project. Objective: Develop the corporate story — who you are as a company, your vision and mission, what you believe, what you do and how you do it — while also partnering with various teams across the business to ensure the corporate story is married with the product story, differentiators, and the solutions and value you provide to customers. The result should be an authentic representation of the company. Timeline: A rebrand project would include 6-8 weeks of discovery (conducting a formal audit of the company's current brand and interviews with team members, customers and partners), leading to multiple weeks of reviews, eventually resulting in a brand identity and brand book to share the updated brand with your employee base. Resources and budget: Estimated $300,000 - 500,000 (cost varies widely and depends on the size of the firm and scope of project). In order for this project to be successful, secure upfront executive buy-in and alignment, and time from the executive team starting at the discovery phase through reviews and the final debut. Measurement: Unfortunately, it’s difficult to assign a quantitative metric to measure the success of a rebrand and messaging project, so put qualitative measurements in place for the short-term, assessing how well you captured how your customers think of your company, and how well you captured the vision for the future. In the long-term, invest in brand awareness surveys and track NPS scores.",creative_writing Can 4 working days a week achieve same result as 5 working days a week?,,"Firstly 4 day work week is not working overtime for the same hours over 4 days. Rather it is generally defined as reduced working hours. It has tried in different parts of the world on an experimental basis and a few of the organisations have adopted it permanently. Reducing working hours is not a completely a new idea. Over the last century, the working hours have been reduced and it has benefited employees as well as employers. A few key benefits include reduced burnout of employees, higher productivity, reduced carbon footprint and less number of absences. It can also help attract talent in the job market. However it can increase cost of the employer. In addition, it may not be suitable for all industries or employees. in summary, it is one of the viable option and based on the industry, it might be adopted further in the near future.",brainstorming What is the team that Michael Jordan played?,,Chicago Bulls,open_qa Is it safe to invest in cryptocurrency?,,"Compared to other asset classes such as stocks and government bonds, investing in cryptocurrency can be considered very risky.",open_qa What stroller should I buy for my newborn baby?,,"The stroller that's the best fit for you depends on what characteristics you value. Example characteristics can be: affordability, ease of pushing and steering, ease of folding, ability to grow with your family, aesthetics, weight, and availability of high-end features like a bassinet attachment or large storage basket. If you care about affordability, ease of folding, and ease of pushing and steering, the Baby Jogger City Mini GT2 stroller is a great option. If you care about the ability of the stroller to growth with your family, ease of pushing and steering, and high-end features, the Uppababy Vista V2 stroller is another popular option. If you have twins, the Bugaboo Donkey 5 stroller could be a great fit with its side-by-side double configuration.",brainstorming "Extract the teams that the footballer Sócrates played during his career, separate it by comma.","Sócrates Brasileiro Sampaio de Souza Vieira de Oliveira (19 February 1954 – 4 December 2011), simply known as Sócrates [ˈsɔkɾat͡ʃis], was a Brazilian footballer who played as a midfielder. His medical degree and his political awareness, combined with style and quality of his play, earned him the nickname ""Doctor Socrates"". Easily recognizable for his beard and headband, Sócrates became the ""symbol of cool for a whole generation of football supporters"". He is considered to be one of the greatest midfielders of his generation. In 1983, he was named South American Footballer of the Year. In 2004, he was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players. Socrates played for Brazil for seven years, scoring 22 goals and representing the nation in two World Cups. He captained the team in the 1982 FIFA World Cup; playing in midfield alongside Zico, Falcão, Toninho Cerezo and Éder, considered one of the greatest Brazilian national teams ever. He also appeared in the 1979 and 1983 Copa América. At club level, Sócrates played for Botafogo-SP before joining Corinthians in 1978. He moved to Italy to play for Fiorentina, returning to Brazil in 1985 to end his career.","Brazil, Botafogo-SP, Corinthians, Fiorentina",information_extraction "Classify these as either web browsers or programming languages: Firefox, Netscape, C++, Python, Internet Explorer, Edge, Ruby, C#, Safari, AOL Explorer",,"Web browsers: Firefox, Netscape, Internet Explorer, Edge, Safari, AOL Explorer Programming languages: C++, Python, Ruby, C#",classification "Which of the following are renewable energies and which are fossil fuels: natural gas, wind energy, hydropower, oil shales, solar power, coal, and petroleum.",,"Hydropower, solar power, wind energy are considered to be renewable energies. Coal, petroleum, natural gas, and oil shales are defined as fossil fuels.",classification From the passage identify the symbols of Persephone. Display the results in a comma separated format.,"Persephone (Περσεφόνη, Persephónē) Queen of the Underworld, wife of Hades and daughter of Demeter and Zeus. Her symbols include the pomegranate, grain, torches, wheat and the asphodelus. After her abduction by Hades, she was forced to split the year between the world of the dead with her husband and the world of the living with her mother. She was worshipped in conjunction with Demeter, especially in the Eleusinian Mysteries. In ancient art she is usually depicted as a young woman, usually in the scene of her abduction.","pomegranate, grain, torches, wheat, the asphodelus",information_extraction What are the typical ingredient for Italian tomato sauce,,"While there are so many variations of making Italian tomato sauce, the typical ingredients are chopped garlic and or onion, olive oil, tomato paste, tomato purée, diced tomatoes and or crushed tomatoes. You may use Basil and or oregano salt and pepper for seasoning. It is also traditional to add pre boiled pork neck bones, sausage, meatballs or other meats to the sauce. Sometimes other vegetables are added like mushrooms, green peppers etc. Many recipes exist. Buon Appetito!",open_qa Name some of the superhero teams of Marvel Comics as per the passage.,"Marvel Comics is an American comic book publisher and the flagship property of Marvel Entertainment, a division of The Walt Disney Company since September 1, 2009. Evolving from Timely Comics in 1939, Magazine Management/Atlas Comics in 1951 and its predecessor, Marvel Mystery Comics, the Marvel Comics title/name/brand was first used in June 1961. Marvel was started in 1939 by Martin Goodman as Timely Comics, and by 1951 had generally become known as Atlas Comics. The Marvel era began in June 1961 with the launch of The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others. The Marvel brand, which had been used over the years and decades, was solidified as the company's primary brand. Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, Daredevil, Wolverine, Black Panther and Captain Marvel, as well as popular superhero teams such as the Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy. Its stable of well-known supervillains includes the likes of Doctor Doom, Magneto, Ultron, Thanos, Kang the Conqueror, Green Goblin, Galactus, Loki, and Kingpin. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with most locations mirroring real-life places; many major characters are based in New York City, New York, United States. Additionally, Marvel has published several licensed properties from other companies. This includes Star Wars comics twice from 1977 to 1986 and again since 2015.","Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy.",information_extraction Where will the third Summer Olympic Games be held?,"It will be the third Summer Games to be held in Australia after the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Victoria and the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, New South Wales. It will also be the fourth Summer Games to be held in the Southern Hemisphere, after the aforementioned games in Australia and the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This will also be the second Summer Games to be held entirely in a host country's meteorological winter, after Rio de Janeiro.","The third Summer Games to be held in Australia will be hosted in Brisbane, Queensland.",closed_qa What is the main difference between a nuclear bomb and a nuclear power generator?,"Nuclear fission is a kind of nuclear reaction. It is when an atom splits apart into smaller atoms. Some fission reactions give off a lot of energy, and are used in nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors. Nuclear fission was discovered in December 1938 by the German nuclear chemist Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann in Berlin. An atom is the smallest particle which makes up a chemical element (e.g. hydrogen, oxygen, magnesium). All atoms are very small. Atoms are made of three components or particles: Protons, neutrons and electrons. The protons and neutrons are clumped together in a ball called a nucleus, at the center of every atom. The electrons orbit around the nucleus in its 'electron cloud'. Elements which have large nuclei, such as uranium and plutonium, can be made to fission. If a (relatively) very large atomic nucleus is hit by a slow-moving neutron, it will sometimes become unstable and break into two nuclei. When the nucleus breaks apart (or fissions) it releases energy, mostly as gamma rays and heat. It also causes some neutrons to be released from the nucleus. For a few isotopes (an atom with the same amount of protons but a different amount of neutrons) such fission can release many neutrons. If those neutrons then hit other atoms, they will make the other atoms split. This can happen again and again. This is called a nuclear chain-reaction, and it can release huge amounts of energy. In a nuclear bomb, this must happen very quickly to make a very big explosion. The amount of energy released in the explosion is measured in kilotons. One kiloton is the same as the energy of one thousand tons of TNT (trinitrotoluene). In a nuclear reactor this must happen slowly to make heat. The heat is used to boil water into steam, which turns a steam turbine to generate electricity.","The nuclear chain reaction that creates the explosion of a nuclear bomb as well as the power generation in a nuclear reactor differ in the speed of the reaction. In a bomb, it happens very quickly and causes a big explosion. In the reactor, it is slowed down so the power can be contained and used to fuel a steam turbine.",summarization "Classify these various instruments as either percussion or woodwind instruments: flute, clarinet, drum, bassoon, marimba, cymbal",,"The drum, marimba and cymbal are percussion instruments. The flute, clarinet, and bassoon are woodwind instruments.",classification What is the US Congress,,"The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. Senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a governor's appointment. Congress has 535 voting members: 100 senators and 435 representatives. The U.S. vice president has a vote in the Senate only when senators are evenly divided. The House of Representatives has six non-voting members. The sitting of a Congress is for a two-year term, at present, beginning every other January. Elections are held every even-numbered year on Election Day. The members of the House of Representatives are elected for the two-year term of a Congress. The Reapportionment Act of 1929 established that there be 435 representatives, and the Uniform Congressional Redistricting Act requires that they be elected from single-member constituencies or districts. It is also required that the congressional districts be apportioned among states by population every ten years using the U.S. census results, provided that each state has at least one congressional representative. Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term, with terms staggered, so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election. Each state, regardless of population or size, has two senators, so currently, there are 100 senators for the 50 states.",open_qa What are interesting plot twists for a novel?,,"Twists could include showing that a character who was thought dead is actually alive, or maybe revealing that a trusted character is actually a villain. Thrillers can use natural disasters or freak accidents to put characters in peril. Mystery novels can introduce new evidence that redirects suspicion or dramatically increases the scope of an investigation. New romantic relationships between characters can also add interesting twists. Novels can also use unreliable narrators to show that information has been withheld from the reader.",brainstorming What are the five boroughs of New York City?,"New York City, the most populous city in the United States, is composed of five boroughs: The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Each borough is coextensive with a respective county of New York State. The boroughs of Queens and the Bronx are also Queens County and Bronx County. The other three counties are named differently from their boroughs: Manhattan is New York County, Brooklyn is Kings County, and Staten Island is Richmond County.","New York city is composed of five boroughs -- The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island. Each borough is also a respective county of the State of New York. Queens is Queens County, and The Bronx is Bronx County. The other three counties are named differently from their boroughs. Manhattan is New York County, Brooklyn is Kings County, and Staten Island is Richmond County.",summarization What is a bond in finance?,,"In finance, a bond is a type of security under which the issuer (debtor) owes the holder (creditor) a debt, and is obliged – depending on the terms – to provide cash flow to the creditor (e.g. repay the principal (i.e. amount borrowed) of the bond at the maturity date as well as interest (called the coupon) over a specified amount of time).The timing and the amount of cash flow provided varies, depending on the economic value that is emphasized upon, thus giving rise to different types of bonds. The interest is usually payable at fixed intervals: semiannual, annual, and less often at other periods. Thus, a bond is a form of loan or IOU. Bonds provide the borrower with external funds to finance long-term investments or, in the case of government bonds, to finance current expenditure. Bonds and stocks are both securities, but the major difference between the two is that (capital) stockholders have an equity stake in a company (i.e. they are owners), whereas bondholders have a creditor stake in a company (i.e. they are lenders). As creditors, bondholders have priority over stockholders. This means they will be repaid in advance of stockholders, but will rank behind secured creditors, in the event of bankruptcy. Another difference is that bonds usually have a defined term, or maturity, after which the bond is redeemed, whereas stocks typically remain outstanding indefinitely. An exception is an irredeemable bond, which is a perpetuity, that is, a bond with no maturity. Certificates of deposit (CDs) or short-term commercial paper are classified as money market instruments and not bonds: the main difference is the length of the term of the instrument. The most common forms include municipal, corporate, and government bonds. Very often the bond is negotiable, that is, the ownership of the instrument can be transferred in the secondary market. This means that once the transfer agents at the bank medallion-stamp the bond, it is highly liquid on the secondary market. The price of a bond in the secondary market may differ substantially from the principal due to various factors in bond valuation.",open_qa what is Financial centre,"A financial centre (BE), financial center (AE), or financial hub, is a location with a concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance or financial markets with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place.[","A financial centre (BE), financial center (AE), or financial hub, is a location with a concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance or financial markets with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place. Participants can include financial intermediaries (such as banks and brokers), institutional investors (such as investment managers, pension funds, insurers, and hedge funds), and issuers (such as companies and governments). Trading activity can take place on venues such as exchanges and involve clearing houses, although many transactions take place over-the-counter (OTC), that is directly between participants. Financial centres usually host companies that offer a wide range of financial services, for example relating to mergers and acquisitions, public offerings, or corporate actions; or which participate in other areas of finance, such as private equity, hedge funds, and reinsurance. Ancillary financial services include rating agencies, as well as provision of related professional services, particularly legal advice and accounting services. The International Monetary Fund's classes of major financial centres are: International Financial Centres (IFCs), such as New York City, London, and Singapore; Regional Financial Centres (RFCs), such as Shanghai, Shenzhen, Frankfurt, and Sydney; and Offshore Financial Centres (OFCs), such as Cayman Islands, Dublin, and Hong Kong. The City of London (the ""Square Mile"") is one of the oldest financial centres. London is ranked as one of the largest International Financial Centres in the world. International Financial Centres, and many Regional Financial Centres, are full–service financial centres with direct access to large capital pools from banks, insurance companies, investment funds, and listed capital markets, and are major global cities. Offshore Financial Centres, and also some Regional Financial Centres, tend to specialise in tax-driven services, such as corporate tax planning tools, tax–neutral vehicles, and shadow banking/securitisation, and can include smaller locations (e.g. Luxembourg), or city-states (e.g. Singapore). The IMF notes an overlap between Regional Financial Centres and Offshore Financial Centres (e.g. Hong Kong and Singapore are both Offshore Financial Centres and Regional Financial Centres). Since 2010, academics consider Offshore Financial Centres synonymous with tax havens.",information_extraction Think up different types of places to go for vacation.,,"There are many different places you can go on vacation. For people who love the outdoors, camping is a great option, including hiking, kayaking, and bird-watching. For those who like relaxation, a hotel by the beach can be ideal. Beach-related vacations can include sunbathing, swimming, laying out by the pool, and having refreshing drinks. Traveling to a different country can be an enriching vacation if you enjoy sightseeing, learning new languages, and sampling unknown foods.",brainstorming Tell me about the life of Adolphe Cohn,"Adolphe Cohn (May 29, 1851– 1930) was a Franco-American educator, born in Paris. He was graduated ""bachelier ès lettres"" from the University of Paris in 1868, and studied law, historical criticism, and philology at various institutions of higher learning in Paris, receiving the degrees of LL.B. in 1873. A pupil of the École des Chartes, his thesis was called Vues sur l’histoire de l’organisation judiciaire en France du IXe au XIIIe siècle considérée au point de vue des juridictions extraordinaires and he got the diploma of ""archiviste paléographe"" in 1874. At the commencement of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, he enlisted and served in the French army throughout the struggle. Cohn emigrated to New York City on May 13, 1875, and from 1876 to 1884 was the American correspondent of La République française, then edited by Léon Gambetta, whom he had known in France, and whose political views he had adopted. In March, 1882, Cohn was appointed tutor in French at Columbia College, and soon afterward made an instructor. By a popular vote of the French residents of New York he was chosen to deliver the funeral oration on Gambetta in 1883 at Tammany Hall, and in 1885 was called from Cambridge, Massachusetts, for a similar purpose, upon the death of Victor Hugo.","Adolphe Cohn (May 29, 1851 – 1930) was a Franco-American educator, born in Paris. He was graduated ""bachelier es lettres"" from the University of Paris in 1868, and studied law, historical criticism, and philology at various institutions of higher learning in Paris, receiving the degrees of LL.B. in 1873. A pupil of the École des Chartes, his thesis was called Vues sur l’histoire de l’organisation judiciaire en France du IXe au XIIIe siècle considérée au point de vue des juridictions extraordinaires and he got the diploma of ""archiviste paléographe"" in 1874. At the commencement of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, he enlisted and served in the French army throughout the struggle. Cohn emigrated to New York City on May 13, 1875, and from 1876 to 1884 was the American correspondent of La République française, then edited by Léon Gambetta, whom he had known in France, and whose political views he had adopted. In March, 1882, Cohn was appointed tutor in French at Columbia College, and soon afterward made an instructor. By a popular vote of the French residents of New York he was chosen to deliver the funeral oration on Gambetta in 1883 at Tammany Hall, and in 1885 was called from Cambridge, Massachusetts, for a similar purpose, upon the death of Victor Hugo.",summarization "From the passage provided, extract the year where C++ was standardized","C++ (/ˈsiː plʌs plʌs/, pronounced ""C plus plus"") is a high-level, general-purpose programming language created by Danish computer scientist Bjarne Stroustrup. First released in 1985 as an extension of the C programming language, it has since expanded significantly over time; modern C++ currently has object-oriented, generic, and functional features, in addition to facilities for low-level memory manipulation. It is almost always implemented as a compiled language, and many vendors provide C++ compilers, including the Free Software Foundation, LLVM, Microsoft, Intel, Embarcadero, Oracle, and IBM. C++ was designed with systems programming and embedded, resource-constrained software and large systems in mind, with performance, efficiency, and flexibility of use as its design highlights. C++ has also been found useful in many other contexts, with key strengths being software infrastructure and resource-constrained applications, including desktop applications, video games, servers (e.g. e-commerce, web search, or databases), and performance-critical applications (e.g. telephone switches or space probes). C++ is standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), with the latest standard version ratified and published by ISO in December 2020 as ISO/IEC 14882:2020 (informally known as C++20). The C++ programming language was initially standardized in 1998 as ISO/IEC 14882:1998, which was then amended by the C++03, C++11, C++14, and C++17 standards. The current C++20 standard supersedes these with new features and an enlarged standard library. Before the initial standardization in 1998, C++ was developed by Stroustrup at Bell Labs since 1979 as an extension of the C language; he wanted an efficient and flexible language similar to C that also provided high-level features for program organization. Since 2012, C++ has been on a three-year release schedule with C++23 as the next planned standard.",The C++ programming language was initially standardized in 1998,information_extraction List all the planets in our solar system with more than one moon.,,"Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune all have more than one moon.",brainstorming What should I look for when looking for a used car?,,"Items to look for when looking to purchase a used car: * First of all, ask about any major work done to the car like engine, suspension, body work. If it's been in any accidents that may have impacted it's chassis at all. Later on when we're examining the car we may find evidence of damage or repair work, and it's good to know if the seller is lying to cover up any issues before we start negotiating price with them. Pulling the carfax can also be a good way to check if the seller is lying since it often contains detailed information about repair that has been performed to the car. If you notice that the seller is lying either after pulling the carfax or after inspecting the body, it's best not to purchase the car. * Ask the owner if they have any maintenance records. If they do, that not only means that the car has received the proper care but it also illustrates that the buyer is the kind of person that is very organized and likes to keep their processions in good condition, which is super important. That's the kind of person you want to be buying a car from. Also note that if the owner has been taking the car to the dealership or to an independent shop it's very easy to obtain these service records using the VIN number either online or by calling the mechanic directly. * Cars having a timing belt needs to be replaced every 70,000-100,000 miles. You can easily check if the car you're planning on purchasing has a timing belt or timing chain. Typically timing chains do not need to be replaced for the life of the car, so finding a car with a timing chain means that you have to worry less about this aspect. Depending on the car replacing the timing belt can be from 1,000 to 6,000 dollars so it's a pretty significant expense that you should take into account. * Ask how frequently the owner has been changing the oil. In most cases changing it every 3,000 to 6,000 or every year (whichever comes first) is ideal. Many owner manuals mention that you can go over this mileage. In some cases manuals mention oil change intervals of 10,000 or 20,000 miles. Personally, I would not consider a car that has its oil replaced this infrequently. In many cases, these longer intervals are an attempt by the manufacturer's marketing department to make the car more appealing to buyers if it requires less maintenance. Also ask if they've been using synthetic oil. Typically synthetic oil doesn't break down over time so longer intervals might be ok. * Ask when was the last time brake pads and rotors have been replaced. Typically brake pads need to be replaced every 50000-100000 miles. Brake rotors can be trickier because whether or not needs replacing depends on its thickness, however if during the test drive you notice vibration when braking, it's likely due to the brake rotors. If the owner hasn't replaced the brakes recently there might be a good opportunity for negotiating the price. * If the car is a manual ask if the clutch has been replaced. This is a wear item and the time to replace it depends on the usage (cars driven in cities with a lot of stop and go traffic will need a replacement more frequently than cars driving long distances on the freeway). * For automatics ask when was the last time the transmission fluid was changed. Typically this needs to be replaced every 50-60k miles. Again many service manuals mention that the transmission fluid does not need to be replaced at all, but that's arguably again due to marketing reasons. * Examine the tires and note how much tread is on the tires. If you were to imagine putting a penny into the tire's tread, a new tire would take up 1/3 - 1/2 of the penny. Also tires need to be replaced every 5 years. The tire sidewall has a 4 digit number which shows the week and year it was manufactured, so it's easy to check if it's due for a replacement. Lastly check if the tires (especially the front) are worn evenly. If the interior part is more worn compared to the exterior, they might indicate suspension or alignment issues. So these issues will need to be addressed and the tires will need to be replaced to fix that problem. * Ask for and look for any interior problems, bulbs, gauges, AC, power windows not working, stuff like that. * Check for rust in the wheel wells and rocker panels. Stand back from the car and look for any slight differences in color between it's exterior panels that may indicate they were replaced, also look for dents. The best and easiest indication that a car was repaired or in an accident is if the gaps between body panels is uneven. A good way to identify body panel issues is by running your finger across a body panel, if you feel that one part of the body is lower than the other or if that gap is not consistent, this might mean that the car has been in an accident. * Look for any signs of fluids, greasy stains on metal, anything that would indicate that it's leaked something. Oil leaks would look dark and greasy. Battery leaks look white and powdery. Coolant leaks look dark and smell sweet. Look at the bottom of the hood, if there are any leak stains there too. Also looks underneath the engine for any greasy spots, because fluids always drip down. * Do some parts on the car look newer/cleaner than others? A new radiator could mean that the car was recently in a frontal collision. * Listen to the engine. Does it sound like it's keeping a constant RPM? You may hear some ticking caused by piston slapping or poorly lubricated valves. These are signs that the engine is old, but isn't that big of a deal. Grinding noises are very bad and expensive to fix. Older engines can be pretty noisy until they warm up which is normal. * Ask the owner to rev the engine while you look at it. Does the engine hop violently when it's revved? This might mean that the engine mounts might need to be replaced. * Again, ask the owner to rev the engine, this time look at the exhaust. If any blue smoke comes out, or (if it's a warm day outside) any dense white smoke comes out it may indicate that the engine is burning oil, and unless you like adding oil to your engine as often as you fill up your gas tank, it'll be expensive to fix. Time to take it for a test drive! * Look at the gauge cluster, is the check engine light on? Keep an eye on the temperature gauge during your trip, does it fluctuate at all? A good car's temperature stays constant during it's trip. * Take some sharp turns at speed and listen to any thumping or squeeking noises that may come from the suspension or drive train. * Does the steering wheel shake at all? (when driving it could mean bad alignment or bad steering, when braking it could mean warped rotors) * Make sure you take the car in and out of all it's gears. * Listen for funny noises, rattles, squeeks, clanks, vibrations, etc. It's inevitable that older cars will have some interior panels rattle. * Accelerate hard and brake hard. If the car has ABS does it activate or do you feel that the wheels stop moving? * Go over some speed bumps, or go on a bumpy road. The car shouldn't be bouncy when recovering from a bump, and neither should it feel like riding over a bump in a shopping cart. It should absorb the bump in a firm but smooth manner. * After driving for a while, pull over to the side of the road and turn off the car. Pop the hood and look at the coolant resevoir (DON'T OPEN IT!!!) and check if the fluid inside is bubbling or boiling. If it is then the headgasket is blown. * Remember when we asked the owner when they changed their oil? New oil should look like honey, old oil should have the same color as dark coffee (dark coffee color is a good thing). If the oil is brown or any other funky colors or smells funny something might be wrong with the engine. * Once you let the car rest for a few minutes check the oil level by using the dipstick if it's not all the way to full, it might be burning or leaking oil.",creative_writing "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Ukulele, Oboe",,"Ukulele is string, Oboe is woodwind.",classification "From the example given in this paragraph, what is an eigenvector?","The Mona Lisa example pictured here provides a simple illustration. Each point on the painting can be represented as a vector pointing from the center of the painting to that point. The linear transformation in this example is called a shear mapping. Points in the top half are moved to the right, and points in the bottom half are moved to the left, proportional to how far they are from the horizontal axis that goes through the middle of the painting. The vectors pointing to each point in the original image are therefore tilted right or left, and made longer or shorter by the transformation. Points along the horizontal axis do not move at all when this transformation is applied. Therefore, any vector that points directly to the right or left with no vertical component is an eigenvector of this transformation, because the mapping does not change its direction. Moreover, these eigenvectors all have an eigenvalue equal to one, because the mapping does not change their length either.",An eigenvector of a mapping is any vector that does not change direction when the mapping is applied to it.,summarization "which of the following are ex indian prime ministers? rajiv gandhi rahul gandhi manmohan singh sonia gandhi atal bihari vajpayee kapil sibal ak antony jawaharlal nehru",,"Ex indian prime ministers: rajiv gandhi manmohan singh atal bihari vajpayee jawaharlal nehru",classification Are leafcutters solitary or social insects?,"Solitary bees, such as leafcutters, do not form colonies. Unlike social insects (ants, yellow jackets, honeybees), leafcutters work alone building isolated nests. Similar to honeybees, female bees perform nearly all essential tasks of brood rearing. These native insects perform essential tasks, pollinating wild plants. The alfalfa leaf cutter bee (Megachile rotundata), native to Europe, has been semi-domesticated for crop pollination. In North America, the species was deliberately imported to assist in the pollination of food crops, but has now become feral and widespread.",solitary,closed_qa "how many strings guitar have? how guitar projects sound? what are different types of guitar?","The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that typically has six strings. It is usually held flat against the player's body and played by strumming or plucking the strings with the dominant hand, while simultaneously pressing selected strings against frets with the fingers of the opposite hand. A plectrum or individual finger picks may also be used to strike the strings. The sound of the guitar is projected either acoustically, by means of a resonant chamber on the instrument, or amplified by an electronic pickup and an amplifier. The guitar is classified as a chordophone – meaning the sound is produced by a vibrating string stretched between two fixed points. Historically, a guitar was constructed from wood with its strings made of catgut. Steel guitar strings were introduced near the end of the nineteenth century in the United States, nylon strings came in the 1940s. The guitar's ancestors include the gittern, the vihuela, the four-course Renaissance guitar, and the five-course baroque guitar, all of which contributed to the development of the modern six-string instrument. There are three main types of modern guitar: the classical guitar (Spanish guitar/nylon-string guitar), the steel-string acoustic guitar or electric guitar, and the Hawaiian guitar (played across the player's lap). Traditional acoustic guitars include the flat top guitar (typically with a large sound hole) or an arch top guitar, which is sometimes called a ""jazz guitar"". The tone of an acoustic guitar is produced by the strings' vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar, which acts as a resonating chamber. The classical Spanish guitar is often played as a solo instrument using a comprehensive fingerstyle technique where each string is plucked individually by the player's fingers, as opposed to being strummed. The term ""finger-picking"" can also refer to a specific tradition of folk, blues, bluegrass, and country guitar playing in the United States.","A typical guitar have 6 strings but there are other guitars (bass guitar) which have 4-6 strings. The sound of the guitar is projected either acoustically, by means of a resonant chamber on the instrument, or amplified by an electronic pickup and an amplifier. There are three main types of modern guitar, the classical guitar, the steel string acoustic guitar or electric guitar, and the Hawaiian guitar which is played across player's lap.",closed_qa What options does the 911 Carrera T include,"In October 2017, Porsche announced the 911 Carrera T (Touring), offering the base Carrera drivetrain but with shorter rear axle ratio, mechanical differential lock, PASM Sport lowered suspension, Sport Chrono package and sports exhaust as standard. Additional features include a reduced sound insulation, light-weight glass side/rear windows, Sport-Tex seats, a shortened shift lever, deletion of the rear seats and communication system (with their re-addition available as a no-cost option), Carrera S wheels, as well as optional rear-wheel steering, PDK transmission and bucket seats.","The 911 Carrera T offers: - Base drivetrain with shorter rear axle ratio - mechanical differential lock - PASM Sport lowered suspension - Sport Chrono package - Sports exhaust - Reduced sound insulation - light-weight glass for side and rear windows - Sport-Tex seats - Shortened shift lever - deletion of rear seats and communication system - Carrera S wheels",information_extraction Name some of the more renowned British Romantic poets.,,"Among the most famous of the British Romantic poets were William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, and Lord Byron.",open_qa What makes the banded bullfrog special,,"The banded bullfrog (Kaloula pulchra) is a species of frog in the narrow-mouthed frog family Microhylidae. Native to Southeast Asia, it is also known as the Asian painted frog, digging frog, Malaysian bullfrog, common Asian frog, and painted balloon frog. In the pet trade, it is sometimes called the chubby frog. Adults measure 5.4 to 7.5 cm (2.1 to 3.0 in) and have a dark brown back with stripes that vary from copper-brown to salmon pink. The banded bullfrog lives at low altitudes and is found in both urban and rural settings, as well as in forest habitats. They bury themselves underground during dry periods and emerge after heavy rainfall to emit calls and breed. They feed primarily on ants and termites; predators of adults and tadpoles include snakes, dragonfly larvae, and snails. When threatened, they inflate their lungs and secrete a noxious white substance. The species is prevalent in the pet trade and is a potential invasive species being introduced in Taiwan, the Philippines, Guam, Singapore, Borneo, and Sulawesi.",open_qa What is the smallest country in the world?,,"The smallest country in the world is Vatican City, with an area of less than .5 square kilometers. It is fully encircled by the Italian capital of Rome, and has existed as a sovereign nation since 1929. Due to its small size it is considered to be a microstate.",open_qa From the passage list down the materials used to prepare boomerang. List the results in comma separated format.,"A boomerang is a throwing stick with aerodynamic properties, traditionally made of wood, but also of bone, horn, tusks and even iron. Modern boomerangs used for sport may be made from plywood or plastics such as ABS, polypropylene, phenolic paper, or carbon fibre-reinforced plastics. Boomerangs come in many shapes and sizes depending on their geographic or tribal origins and intended function. Many people think only of the traditional Australian type, although today there are many types of more easily usable boomerangs, such as the cross-stick, the pinwheel, the tumble-stick, the Boomabird, and many other less common types. An important distinction should be made between returning boomerangs and non-returning boomerangs: Returning boomerangs fly, and are examples of the earliest heavier-than-air human-made flight. A returning boomerang has two or more aerofoil section wings arranged so that when spinning they create unbalanced aerodynamic forces that curve its path into an ellipse, returning to its point of origin when thrown correctly. Their typical L-shape makes them the most recognisable form of boomerang. Although used primarily for leisure or recreation, returning boomerangs are also used to decoy birds of prey, thrown above the long grass to frighten game birds into flight and into waiting nets. Non-traditional, modern, competition boomerangs come in many shapes, sizes and materials. Non-returning boomerangs, throwing sticks, valari, or kylies, are primarily used as weapons. They lack the aerofoil sections, are generally heavier and designed to travel as straight and forcefully as possible to the target to bring down game. The Tamil valari variant, of ancient origin and mentioned in the Tamil Sangam literature ""Purananuru"", was one of these. The usual form of the Valari is two limbs set at an angle; one thin and tapering, the other rounded as a handle. Although valaris come in many shapes and sizes they are usually made of cast iron cast from moulds. However, some may have wooden limbs tipped with iron or with lethally sharpened edges or with special double-edged and razor-sharp daggers known as kattari.","wood, bone, horn, tusks, iron, plywood, plastics such as ABS, polypropylene, phenolic paper, carbon fibre-reinforced plastics",information_extraction What's the main benefits of a Subaru Forester Wilderness?,"Alongside the facelift model, Subaru released a new model called the Forester Wilderness for the North American market. It is intended to be a more off-road-oriented version of the Forester, and is positioned between the Limited and Touring trim levels in the Forester lineup. Visually, the Forester has more body cladding, and on the inside, copper-colored accents. It features a 0.5 inches (13 mm) lift for a total of 9.2 inches (230 mm) of ground clearance, the Wilderness also has all-terrain tires, a modified final drive ratio, and a stronger roof rack than previous models. Subaru's StarTex water-repellent seats are also standard. The Wilderness is powered by the same 2.5-liter FB25D naturally-aspirated four cylinder engine powering other North American market Foresters. The Wilderness uses an Enhanced Dual-Function X-Mode version. The X-Mode is upgraded and re-tuned, with settings for snow, dirt, deep snow and mud. Additional wheel-slip is allowed to occur, which provides an advantage in harsh driving conditions.","The Forester Wilderness provides 0.5 inches (13 mm) lift that increases ground clearance to 9.2 inches (230mm). The vehicle comes with all-terrain tires, modified final drive ratio, stronger roof rack, and water-repellent seats. The engine size is the same, but it includes an enhanced dual-function x-mode with additional wheel-slip allowance to handle harsh driving conditions in snow, dirt, deep snow, and mud.",summarization "Tell me a fun fact about Boca Raton, Florida",,"Boca Raton was once home to a military airfield that was used during World War II to train pilots on a new military radio technology; the radar. Pilots were trained to fly in B-17 and B-29 bombers using the radars created by MIT which would eventually allow us to win the war. The Boca Raton Army Airfield was the only airborne radar training facility during the war. Military planes from across the United States would have to come to this base if they wanted the radar technology to be installed. The location of this base made it optimal to maintain secrecy as it was very rural and largely uninhabited still, providing access to thousands of acres of unused land. The base was also just a few short miles from the Atlantic Ocean, making it the perfect place to stealthily fly and practice using the radar technology. Other benefits to the location was the year round warm climate.",open_qa What are the differences between a ukulele and guitar?,,"While a ukulele looks like a smaller version of a guitar, there are some notable differences. A guitar has 6 strings and a ukulele has 4 strings. Because of this, the sound range of a ukulele is narrower than a guitar. Looking from the front of a guitar, the thickness of the strings increases gradually from right to left. For a ukulele, the two outmost strings are the thinnest and the second left string is the thickest. A ukulele is much smaller in the size, making it one of the most popular beginner instrument for kids.",open_qa What was the last year the Ford Pinto was manufactured,The Ford Pinto is a subcompact car that was manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company in North America from 1971 until 1980 model years. The Pinto was the first subcompact vehicle produced by Ford in North America.,Ford stopped manufacturing the Pinto in 1980,information_extraction What is the solar system?,"The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and the objects that orbit it. It formed 4.6 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud. The vast majority (99.86%) of the system's mass is in the Sun, with most of the remaining mass contained in the planet Jupiter. The planetary system around the Sun contains eight planets. The four inner system planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars—are terrestrial planets, being composed primarily of rock and metal. The four giant planets of the outer system are substantially larger and more massive than the terrestrials. The two largest, Jupiter and Saturn, are gas giants, being composed mainly of hydrogen and helium; the next two, Uranus and Neptune, are ice giants, being composed mostly of volatile substances with relatively high melting points compared with hydrogen and helium, such as water, ammonia, and methane. All eight planets have nearly circular orbits that lie near the plane of Earth's orbit, called the ecliptic. There are an unknown number of smaller dwarf planets and innumerable small Solar System bodies orbiting the Sun. Six of the major planets, the six largest possible dwarf planets, and many of the smaller bodies are orbited by natural satellites, commonly called ""moons"" after Earth's Moon. Two natural satellites, Jupiter's moon Ganymede and Saturn's moon Titan, are larger than Mercury, the smallest terrestrial planet, though less massive, and Jupiter's moon Callisto is nearly as large. Each of the giant planets and some smaller bodies are encircled by planetary rings of ice, dust and moonlets. The asteroid belt, which lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, contains objects composed of rock, metal and ice. Beyond Neptune's orbit lie the Kuiper belt and scattered disc, which are populations of objects composed mostly of ice and rock.","The word solar means ""pertaining to the Sun"", which is derived from the Latin word sol, meaning Sun. The Sun is the dominant gravitational member of the Solar System, and its planetary system is maintained in a relatively stable, slowly evolving state by following isolated, gravitationally bound orbits around the Sun",closed_qa Can you give me a summary of the story of the Vidhivilasa movie?,"Vidhivilasa is a 1962 Kannada language swashbuckler film directed by S. V. Mahesh. The film stars Rajkumar, Leelavathi and K. S. Ashwath. The film is based on the story of a King who confronts destiny (fate), which appears to him in the form of a young lady, by challenging it on how he would die. The King tries in vain all means at his disposal to prevent events that destiny foretold would happen. Finally, destiny wins, employing a twisted turn of events. The film has musical score by T. Padman. The story, screenplay, dialogues and lyrics were written by H. L. Narayana Rao who happens to be the father of actor Vishnuvardhan.",A king is confronted by destiny in person of a young lady and tries by any means possible to avoid his fate. However the king is not able to prevent his destiny.,summarization What makes you smile? What makes you happy?,,I smile when I can let life slow down a bit and I can stop to appreciate what's around me. The small things are the best. A passerby having a happy moment. A great song. A nice tree.,creative_writing What country has the most active valcanoes in the world?,,"Indonesia has the most volcanoes in the world. They currently have more than 140 located in an area call the Pacific Ring of Fire, around 76 of them are active volcanoes. Active volcanoes can be very dangerous because they can erupt at any time, and predicting when they will erupt is an on-going science that scientists hope to be able to achieve with increased latency in order to save lives.",open_qa What cause toe fungus?,,"One common way that people can get nail fungus on their toes is walking barefoot in moist areas like locker room or public shower. You can also get a fungal infection by skin-to-skin contact, or by sharing an infected nail clipper or towel.",open_qa What are the most popular tropical travel destinations for people on the east coast of the United States?,,"East Coasters enjoy visiting the Caribbean Islands for their tropical vacations. Popular countries to visit in the Caribbean include The Bahamas, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Aruba, Bermuda, and more. Additionally, East Coasters like to stay at tropical resorts in Mexico -- particularly in Cancun, Cozumel, Riviera Maya, Tulum, and more. Within the United States, the Florida Keys are a popular travel location for sunny beach days all year long.",open_qa Explain to your 6 year son why its ok to fail few times only to get better later,,"dear son, when you were born you were so small, you didnt know how to eat or sit. But mommy kept trying to feed you and slowly slowly you learned to eat, and now you see you eat food by yourself so fast. There are so many things you have learned like talking, reading, writing, it all came from practise. Remember the first time when you did cycling you could not balance and kept falling? But Daddy told you to keep trying again and again and you kept practicing every Saturday and now you know how to ride cycle and balance well. Always remember this, everytime you do something new, it will be difficult at first, it might not work, but you should not lose hope and be sad and give up. You should not think you cant do this. Remember if you keep trying , you will figure it out. So next you find something difficult, stay calm, keep trying and you will get it done.",creative_writing How can I help soothe a teething baby?,,"Babies often begin teething anywhere from 3 months onwards with most babies displaying their first tooth around 5 months of age. Teething can be very painful and cause great discomfort for your baby. Some things you can do to help soothe a teething baby include letting baby chew on a pacifier, teething ring (cold or room temperature), putting a wet washcloth in the freezer and letting baby suck on that, Tylenol for infants (be sure to check with your pediatrician first before giving baby any medication under 6 months of age).",open_qa What civilization built temples across the Yucatan peninsula?,,The Mayan civilization was based in the Yucatan peninsula,open_qa "Given a reference text about Rraboshtë, tell me what the village is known for and what country it's in.","Rraboshtë is a village located in the former Kallmet municipality, Lezhë County, northwestern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Lezhë. The village is situated near the river Drin, about 4 km north of the city Lezhë. Nearby mountains include Mali Kastriot and Mali i Velës. In Rraboshtë there is also a church named Te Ngjiturit e Zojës ne Qiell but also a school. Rraboshta is divided into four main mahalla (""quarter"" or ""neighbourhood""), that of the Tatej, Pemaj, Ballije, and Mahalla e Poshtme. The majority of brotherhoods descend from Mirdita, the tribal and ethnographic region located to the east of Rraboshtë, with most having arrived from Orosh and Spaç. Examples include the Tatej (Spaçi) and Pemaj (Oroshi). However, there are other minor brotherhoods who trace their ancestry to some of the other regions of northern Albania. The Robi arrived from Dibra in north-eastern Albania while the descendants of Gjon Paloka (the Vokërr Pali) came from Kelmend in Malësia. The villagers of Rraboshtë are known for their patriotism and for preserving the traditions and customs of the areas where they came from. The traditional dress is the kalmetore and mirditore dress. The inhabitants of this village are usually engaged in agriculture and livestock. They are famous for the production of grape varieties and the cultivation of this product.",Rraboshtë is located in Albania and is known for producing grape varieties.,closed_qa What is a graph in graph theory?,"In discrete mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a graph is a structure amounting to a set of objects in which some pairs of the objects are in some sense ""related"". The objects correspond to mathematical abstractions called vertices (also called nodes or points) and each of the related pairs of vertices is called an edge (also called link or line). Typically, a graph is depicted in diagrammatic form as a set of dots or circles for the vertices, joined by lines or curves for the edges. Graphs are one of the objects of study in discrete mathematics.","In graph theory, a graph is a structure amounting to a set of objects in which some pairs of the objects are in some sense ""related"".",closed_qa "Which is more important, Nature or Nurture?",,"The Nature vs Nurture argument has existed for as long as humans have been able to consider complex thought. The debate as to whether the nature (the intrinsic nature, the attitude, or the predisposition), or the nurture (the care, the teachings, or the conditioning) of a child is more responsible for who or what they become in adult life. Largely it is considered that humans are a product of context (Nurture). The situations in which we are raised have a considerable bearing on who we become in later life. But, it's not necessarily so black and white. There are countless examples of children having been born into extremely difficult circumstances, who have grown to be well rounded, high contributing members of society. As a result, It would be reasonable to assume that Nature is a strong factor, regardless of the Nurture (the environment) in which a person is raised. After all, there's no guarantee that someone growing up in an abusive household will then abuse others themselves. So then is Nature more important? The difficulty with the debate is that no one individual is the same as another. Experiments to establish the efficacy of Nature vs Nurture are difficult to perform. Not only from a human rights perspective, but additionally from a variable standpoint as well. Really there are far too many variables to control with regards to human nature, that any imposition of control on the Nurture element would be imbalanced. When considering this question, it's important to recognise that developmental psychology is still in its early stages, and to understand that both Nature AND Nurture are necessary factors in human development.",creative_writing What is Python?,,"Python is a programming language that has a design emphasis on code readability and is strongly typed. You can interact with this programming language through writing 'python code' using proper coding syntax and semantics. The code that is written can be used to build tools, applications, websites, and streaming services. You can also automate tasks with python, analyze data, and perform machine learning and data science.",open_qa "Which of the following are dog breeds? Magyar Vizsla, German Shepherd, Abyssinian, Doberman, Scottish Fold",,"Magyar Vizsla, German Shepherd and Doberman are dog breeds, Abyssinian and Scottish Fold are cat breeds",classification What is money,"Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts, such as taxes, in a particular country or socio-economic context. The primary functions which distinguish money are as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, a store of value and sometimes, a standard of deferred payment. Money was historically an emergent market phenomenon that possess intrinsic value as a commodity; nearly all contemporary money systems are based on unbacked fiat money without use value. Its value is consequently derived by social convention, having been declared by a government or regulatory entity to be legal tender; that is, it must be accepted as a form of payment within the boundaries of the country, for ""all debts, public and private"", in the case of the United States dollar. The money supply of a country comprises all currency in circulation (banknotes and coins currently issued) and, depending on the particular definition used, one or more types of bank money (the balances held in checking accounts, savings accounts, and other types of bank accounts). Bank money, whose value exists on the books of financial institutions and can be converted into physical notes or used for cashless payment, forms by far the largest part of broad money in developed countries.","Money is a medium of physically or virtually providing a measure of value, store of value and a medium of exchange. Money is a unit of account and a standard of deferred payment.",summarization What is the recipe for a successful hackathon?,,"LabCorp had its second annual “Innovation Days” (or hackathon) event in February, 2020. The event was a success, and this post describes the secret ingredient that helped make it a success: Lipton® Onion Soup Mix. The soup mix captures the essence of a successful hackathon… some functional, and some personal to the LabCorp leadership. The first reason that the soup mix embodies the spirit of the hackathon is simple: the product is rarely used as it was intended: to make soup. In fact, the soup mix launched into culinary notoriety in the early 1950s for its role in a non-soup recipe: potato chip dip. Referred to as “California Dip” originally, this recipe takes bland sour cream and gives it a flavorful zing and distinctive texture. For over half a century, this soup mix has been a party favorite thanks to people hacking a recipe and using materials in an unexpected manner. The benefit of the soup mix as a dip enhancer is that it helps speed up the process of making a consistently flavorful dip. For people participating in a hackathon, this is something to look for: can hackathon ideas or aspects of the hackathon projects be applied to existing processes to help streamline them? The journey of “inventing” the soup mix also captures the essence of the hackathon. The engineer who helped create this soup mix had failed years earlier. He was not trying to make soup during the Second World War, he was trying to save lives. So he invented a - sadly ineffective - method for freeze-drying blood that could be reconstituted on the battlefield to save lives. His vision for “dried blood” being used on the battlefield was not viable. Let’s hope it did not require too many “QA” folks to realize this product was DOA. Years later, however, it was the method of freeze-drying that was in his mind when he helped design Lipton® Onion Soup Mix. LabCorp CIO, Lance Berberian told the origin story of Lipton® Onion Soup Mix as the keynote speaker during the Innovation Days event. Mr. Berberian recounted the story from his uncle, and, like many stories told by uncles, we hope it to be true. The take-away message, as it relates to hackathons: remember your failed attempts. Aspects of your failed attempts may be core to your future successes. Mr. Berberian was very engaged in the hackathon. In fact, his leadership team was front-and-center on launch day as well as on presentation day. The story about his uncle was powerful because it set the tone for the event: experiment, learn, network, and expect the unexpected. And the unexpected did happen during the event. Near the end of presentation day, a participant in the audience suddenly collapsed and began seizing. Many folks rushed to help and call 911. As a compassionate leader, Mr. Berberian was on the front-lines of the incident, and he stayed with the sick colleague while we waited for an ambulance to arrive. This, I believe, captures the true secret ingredient of a successful hackathon: engaged leadership.",creative_writing Why age 27 is given so much importance specially in Music industry?,,"Several renowned music artists died at age 27 which is also sometimes referred as the ""27 Club"". Often times, the cause of the death is attributed to drug and alcohol abuse or some form of violence like homicide, self harm or accidents. Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Kurt Cobain and Amy Winehouse are some of the few notable personalities in music industry who died at this age.",brainstorming Write me a text to someone I work with asking them to cover my shift because I got sick. Use a polite tone.,,"Hi , I’m running a fever and my doctor recommended I find someone else to take my shift. Unfortunately it’s contagious and I’m worried that I’ll get everyone else sick if I go. Is there any chance you could step in for me? I’ll owe you one big time, but totally get it if this is too last minute. Let me know!",creative_writing What else can you do with a hammer other than hammering nails?,,"You can use a hammer to 1. Remove nails for those with a claw 2. Defense yourself as a weapon 3. Juggle between your left and right hands to practice hand-eye coordination 4. Substitute a paper weight if the hammer is not too big",brainstorming List the colors of the rainbow,,"Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and purple",brainstorming What are the primary causes of climate change?,"In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to Earth's climate. The current rise in global average temperature is more rapid than previous changes, and is primarily caused by humans burning fossil fuels. Fossil fuel use, deforestation, and some agricultural and industrial practices increase greenhouse gases, notably carbon dioxide and methane. Greenhouse gases absorb some of the heat that the Earth radiates after it warms from sunlight. Larger amounts of these gases trap more heat in Earth's lower atmosphere, causing global warming.","The primary physical causes or drivers of climate change are: - Humans burning fossil fuels - Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide - Aerosols such as sulfur dioxide, organic carbon, black carbon and ammonia",summarization "What is ""the Scully effect?""",,"The Scully Effect, named for the science-minded character Dana Scully from the sci-fi TV show ""The X-Files,"" is the term used to suggest the impact that the character had on influencing women to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and math.",open_qa List all the aspiring members of NATO.,"The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, /ˈneɪtoʊ/; French: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 31 member states – 29 European and two North American. Established in the aftermath of World War II, the organization implemented the North Atlantic Treaty, signed in Washington, D.C., on 4 April 1949. NATO is a collective security system: its independent member states agree to defend each other against attacks by third parties. During the Cold War, NATO operated as a check on the perceived threat posed by the Soviet Union. The alliance remained in place after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and has been involved in military operations in the Balkans, the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa. The organization's motto is animus in consulendo liber (Latin for ""a mind unfettered in deliberation""). NATO's main headquarters are located in Brussels, Belgium, while NATO's military headquarters are near Mons, Belgium. The alliance has targeted its NATO Response Force deployments in Eastern Europe, and the combined militaries of all NATO members include around 3.5 million soldiers and personnel. Their combined military spending as of 2020 constituted over 57 percent of the global nominal total. Moreover, members have agreed to reach or maintain the target defence spending of at least two percent of their GDP by 2024. NATO formed with twelve founding members and has added new members nine times, most recently when Finland joined the alliance in April 2023. Following the acceptance of its application for membership in June 2022, Sweden is anticipated to become the 32nd member, with its Accession Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty now in the process of being ratified by the existing members. In addition, NATO currently recognizes Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, and Ukraine as aspiring members. Enlargement has led to tensions with non-member Russia, one of the twenty additional countries participating in NATO's Partnership for Peace programme. Another nineteen countries are involved in institutionalized dialogue programmes with NATO.","Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, and Ukraine",information_extraction "Given a reference text about the Build Back Better Plan, what are the 3 parts that make up the plan?","The Build Back Better Plan or Build Back Better agenda was a legislative framework proposed by U.S. president Joe Biden between 2020 and 2021. Generally viewed as ambitious in size and scope, it sought the largest nationwide public investment in social, infrastructural, and environmental programs since the 1930s Great Depression-era policies of the New Deal. The Build Back Better plan was divided into three parts: American Rescue Plan (ARP), a COVID-19 pandemic-relief bill; American Jobs Plan (AJP), a proposal to address long-neglected infrastructure needs and reduce America's contributions to destructive effects of climate change; and American Families Plan (AFP), a proposal to fund a variety of social policy initiatives, some of which (e.g., paid family leave) had never before been enacted nationally in the U.S. The first part was passed as the $1.9 trillion American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, and was signed into law in March 2021. The other two parts were reworked into different bills over the course of extensive negotiations. Aspects of the AJP's infrastructure goals were diverted into the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, which was signed into law in November 2021. Other AJP priorities (e.g., climate change remediation, home health care reform, etc.) were then merged with the AFP to form the Build Back Better Act. The bill passed the Democratic-controlled House of Representatives but struggled to gain the support of Democrats Joe Manchin of West Virginia and Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona in the evenly divided Senate, with unified Republican opposition. Manchin and Sinema negotiated the reduction of Build Back Better Act's size, scope, and cost significantly with Biden and Democratic congressional leaders, but Manchin, widely viewed as the key swing vote needed to pass the bill in the Senate, ultimately rejected it over the procedural tactics used. Continued negotiations between Manchin and Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer eventually resulted in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which was signed into law in August 2022, and incorporated some of the Build Back Better Act's climate change, healthcare, and tax reform proposals while excluding its social safety net proposals.","The three components of the Build Back Better plan are: - American Rescue Plan - American Jobs Plan - American Families Plan",closed_qa Who is the greatest basketball player of all time?,,"This is a highly subjective topic and hotly debated. Most basketball experts would agree that a player who has acquired the most NBA championships should be on the list. Bill Russell, with 12 championships, has to be in the conversation. LeBron James is the all time scoring leader and has had one of the longest NBA careers to go along with 4 titles. Kobe Bryant at 5 titles is also on the list. But the most dominant player of his era in the 1990's, winning 6 titles in 6 attempts, was Michael Jordan. Michael Jordan was considered one of the best two way players, excelling at both defense and offense. So while some might not agree, Michael Jordan is always in the conversation for best NBA player of all time.",open_qa Give me 5 examples of why using a prime lens is better than a zoom lens for photography ?,,"-Better low light photography even without a flash -Prime lenses have fewer moving parts -Better performance -Sharper Images -High chances of getting Bokeh",brainstorming Extract what previous provinces Kardzhali a part of in the past,"The territory of Kardzhali province was acquired by Bulgaria during the First Balkan War in 1912. In 1913 the region was organized as the district (окръг, okrăg in Bulgarian) of Mestanli. This district was part of Stara Zagora province from 1934 until 1949, then it was transferred to the newly formed Haskovo district. In 1959 Kardzhali became the center of a new district with similar borders to the current province. Between 1987 and 1999, the region was part of Haskovo Province, after which it was restored, now as a province and with slightly changed borders.",Kardzhali was once a part of Stara Zagora province and Haskovo Province until it was restored in 1999,information_extraction "From the given text, please give me a short bulleted list of the key characteristics of the Capitolium of Brixia in Brescia (Italy)","The primary temple in the city, it was dedicated to the cult of the Capitoline Triad. It was built in 73 AD and consists of three cellae that have preserved much of the original polychrome marble floors, while their interior walls are now a lapidarium displaying ancient Roman epigraphs collected in the 19th century. In front of the cellae, is a fragmentary portico, composed of Corinthian columns that support a pediment containing a dedication to the Emperor Vespasian. Almost entirely buried by a landslide of the Cidneo Hill, it was rediscovered in 1823 through various archaeological campaigns. During excavation in 1826, a splendid bronze statue of a winged Victory was found inside it, likely hidden in late antiquity to preserve it from pillage. After restoration completed in 2013, the site reopened as a new archaeological park.","Primary temple of the city, built in 73 AD Dedicated to the cult of the Capitoline Triad Three cellae preserve the original polychrome marble floors Interior walls display ancient Roman epigraphs from the 19th century Almost fully buried by a landslide, and rediscovered in 1823. Restoration completed in 2013.",summarization What style of English did Shakespeare use?,,"The language in which Shakespeare wrote is referred to as Early Modern English, a linguistic period that lasted from approximately 1500 to 1750. The language spoken during this period is often referred to as Elizabethan English or Shakespearian English.",open_qa What are the pros and cons of charging your Tesla at home?,,"The most convenient way to charge your EV is to charge it at home overnight while you sleep. Home chargers tend to be slow chargers which reach around 3.6 - 7 kW, although you can also charge using your home’s plug sockets which charge at speeds of around 2.3 kW. Pros Charging your Tesla Model Y at home overnight is probably the cheapest, most cost-efficient way to charge your EV. This is because off-peak energy prices are significantly cheaper than peak charging. Model Ys come with an adapter wire, allowing you to charge your EV using your home's plugs easily. If you're interested in charging at home, installing a home charging unit could be worth your time. Over time this could save you money. There are grants available to help you afford a home charger. The OZEV Chargepoint Grant is up to £350 or 75% off the fully installed charge point cost if specifics are met. There is also the Scottish EST Domestic Chargepoint Grant which gives you up to £300 and can be used alongside the OZEV Chargepoint Grant. Cons Home chargers rarely exceed speeds of 7 kW. This means charging the Tesla Model Y's large battery would take a long time. If you don't invest in a home charging station, it might also be risky to home charge as the 3-pin plug can damage your home's wiring. If you choose to charge during the day, it can also get quite expensive and may not compare favourably with public charging stations, despite being much slower.",open_qa What ingredients do i need to make sour dough bread,,"Main ingredient is sour dough starter. You also need flour, water and salt.",brainstorming "Given this summary of The Eye of Heaven, what kind of ship did they find in the Arctic?","The Eye of Heaven is a Fargo adventure novel. The two main characters of the Fargo novels are adventurers Sam Fargo and his wife, Remi. The Eye of Heaven is the sixth book of the Fargo series. The book's hardcover edition was first published September 2, 2014. Plot Baffin Island: Husband-and-wife team Sam and Remi Fargo are on a climate-control expedition in the Arctic, when to their astonishment they discover a Viking ship in the ice, perfectly preserved—and filled with pre–Columbian artifacts from Mexico. How can that be? As they plunge into their research, tantalizing clues about a link between the Vikings and the legendary Toltec feathered serpent god Quetzalcoatl/Ce Acatl Topiltzin —and a fabled object known as the Eye of Heaven— begin to emerge. But so do many dangerous people. Soon the Fargos find themselves on the run through jungles, temples, and secret tombs, caught between treasure hunters, crime cartels, and those with a far more personal motivation for stopping them. At the end of the road will be the solution to a thousand-year-old mystery—or death.","A perfectly preserved viking ship, with pre-columbian artifacts from Mexico.",closed_qa Write a rap about work,,"Hard work they say it always pays off But I think that smart work is the way to go It starts by finding and pursuing your passion The money will follow you'll have plenty of cash then This ain't gonna happen overnight You've gotta hustle with grit to do it right Surround yourself with the best achievers Keep your mind right don't stop believing You'll hit bumps in the road as you go on your journey So you gotta set goals and you gotta keep learning It's true there's more to life than your career So keep your eye on the prize keep your vision clear Because all the early mornings and all the late nights They will fly by without warning so enjoy the great ride",creative_writing "Given the reference text about moths, what family does Bityla sericea belong to?","Bityla sericea is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae. This species is endemic to New Zealand. It is classified as ""At Risk, Naturally Uncommon"" by the New Zealand Department of Conservation. This species was first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1877 using a specimen obtained from John Enys and collected in the South Island. George Hudson discussed and illustrated this species both in his 1898 book, New Zealand moths and butterflies (Macro-lepidoptera) and his 1928 publication The Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand. In 1905 Hudson, thinking he was describing a new species, also gave the species the name Orthosia pallida. George Francis Hampson, also mistakenly believing this was a separate species placed O. pallida in the genus Bityla. Hudson discussed B. pallida in his 1928 publication. John S. Dugdale synonymised B. pallida with B. sericea in 1988. The holotype specimen of B. sericea is held at the Natural History Museum, London.",Noctuidae,closed_qa Extract the creator of Amdahl's law from the Wikipedia paragraph.,"In computer architecture, Amdahl's law (or Amdahl's argument) is a formula which gives the theoretical speedup in latency of the execution of a task at fixed workload that can be expected of a system whose resources are improved. It states that ""the overall performance improvement gained by optimizing a single part of a system is limited by the fraction of time that the improved part is actually used"".[page needed] It is named after computer scientist Gene Amdahl, and was presented at the American Federation of Information Processing Societies (AFIPS) Spring Joint Computer Conference in 1967.","The Wikipedia paragraph does not specify the creator of Amdahl's law. However, it does state that the law was named after the computer scientist Gene Amdahl. Given the context, it is likely that Gene Amdahl is the creator of Amdahl's law.",information_extraction What is sbt in Scala?,,"sbt is an open-source build tool for Scala and Java projects, similar to Apache's Maven and Gradle.",open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Pliosaur, Marine Iguana",,"Pliosaur is extinct, Marine Iguana is alive.",classification What is surfing?,"Surfing is a surface water sport in which an individual, a surfer (or two in tandem surfing), uses a board to ride on the forward section, or face, of a moving wave of water, which usually carries the surfer towards the shore. Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found on ocean shores, but can also be found in standing waves in the open ocean, in lakes, in rivers in the form of a tidal bore, or in wave pools.",Surfing is a sport where a rider uses a surfboard to ride a wave,closed_qa Kindly provide some details regarding the plot of science fiction 'A Borrowed Man' from the given passage.,"In the 22nd century, Ern A. Smithe is a ""reclone"" of a mystery writer, embedded with the recorded memories of his original and stored in a library where patrons can consult or borrow him. He is checked out by a woman who hopes that he can help solve the deaths of her father and brother, because her father's safe had contained nothing except one of Smithe's novels. However, Smithe's original was not a detective, only someone who wrote about them — and his knowledge of the world is over a century out of date.","1. In the 22nd century, Ern A. Smithe is a ""reclone"" of a mystery writer, embedded with the recorded memories of his original and stored in a library where patrons can consult or borrow him. 2. He is checked out by a woman who hopes that he can help solve the deaths of her father and brother, because her father's safe had contained nothing except one of Smithe's novels. 3. However, Smithe's original was not a detective, only someone who wrote about them — and his knowledge of the world is over a century out of date.",summarization How many books did Dr Seuss write?,"Theodor Seuss Geisel (/suːs ˈɡaɪzəl, zɔɪs -/ (listen); March 2, 1904 – September 24, 1991) was an American children's author and cartoonist. He is known for his work writing and illustrating more than 60 books under the pen name Dr. Seuss (/suːs, zuːs/). His work includes many of the most popular children's books of all time, selling over 600 million copies and being translated into more than 20 languages by the time of his death.",Dr Seuss is known for his work writing and illustrating more than 60 books under the pen name Dr. Seuss,closed_qa Give me a list of popular current artists in the EDM category.,,"Currently popular musicians in the EDM, or electronic dance music, genre of music include Illenium, 3LAU, Calvin Harris, Kaskade, and Dimitri Vegas.",brainstorming Give me the name of the most famous books written by Shakespeare,"Shakespeare produced most of his known works between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as some of the best works produced in these genres. He then wrote mainly tragedies until 1608, among them Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, all considered to be among the finest works in the English language. In the last phase of his life, he wrote tragicomedies (also known as romances) and collaborated with other playwrights.","Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth",summarization "Which of the following are countries? Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Hodor, Chicago, St. Louis, Michael, Jordan, Minecraft, Ninja, Teletubbies, Fortnite, Lesotho, Greece",,"Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Jordan, Lesotho, and Greece",classification "What are the following: Palm Pre, iPhone, Samsung Galaxy Note, Razr, HTC One X",,"These are all examples of mobile phones. The iPhone, Samsung Galaxy Note, and HTC One X are examples of smartphones, which is a mobile phone that can also access the internet and run applications like Instagram or Gmail.",classification Aztec civilization originated from which country?,,Mexico,open_qa What's Botola Pro ?,"The Botola Pro (Arabic: البطولة الاحترافية, romanized: al-buṭūla l-iḥtirāfiyya), is a Moroccan professional league for men's association football clubs. At the top of the Moroccan football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. Contested by 16 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Botola 2. Seasons run from August to May, with teams playing 30 matches each (playing each team in the league twice, home and away) totaling 240 matches in the season. Most games are played in the afternoons of Saturdays and Sundays, the other games during weekday evenings. It is sponsored by Inwi and thus known as the Botola Pro Inwi. From 2015 to 2019, the league was called Botola Maroc Telecom for sponsorship reasons.","Botola Pro is a moroccan professional league. It's contested by 16 clubs, it operates on a system of relegation and promotion. Most championships are Wydad of Casablanca with 22 titles",summarization What were the 'Big Four' railway companies in the UK before nationalisation,,"The Big Four were London, Midland and Scotland (LMS), London and North Eastern Railway (LNER), Great Western Railway (GWR) and Southern Railway (SR)",open_qa Which are the earliest ancestors of Native Americans?,,Paleo- Indian,open_qa What are the seven main islands of Canary Island as per the passage? Display the results in a comma separated format.,"The Canary Islands (/kəˈnɛəri/; Spanish: Canarias, pronounced [kaˈnaɾjas]), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish autonomous community and archipelago in Macaronesia in the Atlantic Ocean. At their closest point to the African mainland, they are 100 kilometres (62 miles) west of Morocco. They are the southernmost of the autonomous communities of Spain. The islands have a population of 2.2 million people and are the most populous special territory of the European Union. The seven main islands are (from largest to smallest in area) Tenerife, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, La Palma, La Gomera, and El Hierro. The archipelago includes many smaller islands and islets, including La Graciosa, Alegranza, Isla de Lobos, Montaña Clara, Roque del Oeste, and Roque del Este. It also includes a number of rocks, including Garachico and Anaga. In ancient times, the island chain was often referred to as ""the Fortunate Isles"". The Canary Islands are the southernmost region of Spain, and the largest and most populous archipelago of Macaronesia. Because of their location, the Canary Islands have historically been considered a link between the four continents of Africa, North America, South America, and Europe. In 2019, the Canary Islands had a population of 2,153,389, with a density of 287.39 inhabitants per km2, making it the eighth most populous autonomous community of Spain. The population is mostly concentrated in the two capital islands: around 43% on the island of Tenerife and 40% on the island of Gran Canaria. The Canary Islands, especially Tenerife, Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, and Lanzarote, are a major tourist destination, with over 12 million visitors per year. This is due to their beaches, subtropical climate, and important natural attractions, especially Maspalomas in Gran Canaria and Mount Teide (a World Heritage Site) in Tenerife. Mount Teide is the highest peak in Spain and the third tallest volcano in the world, measured from its base on the ocean floor. The islands have warm summers and winters warm enough for the climate to be technically tropical at sea level. The amount of precipitation and the level of maritime moderation vary depending on location and elevation. The archipelago includes green areas as well as desert. The islands' high mountains are ideal for astronomical observation, because they lie above the temperature inversion layer. As a result, the archipelago boasts two professional observatories: the Teide Observatory on Tenerife, and Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma.","Tenerife, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, La Palma, La Gomera, El Hierro",information_extraction How much of the earth is covered in land?,"Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only place known in the universe where life has originated and found habitability. While Earth may not contain the largest volumes of water in the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water, extending over 70.8% of the Earth with its ocean, making Earth an ocean world. Earth's polar regions currently retain most of all other water with large sheets of ice covering ocean and land, dwarfing Earth's groundwater, lakes, rivers and atmospheric water. Land, consisting of continents and islands, extends over 29.2% of the Earth and is widely covered by vegetation. Below Earth's surface material lies Earth's crust consisting of several slowly moving tectonic plates, which interact to produce mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes. Earth's liquid outer core generates a magnetic field that shapes the magnetosphere of Earth, largely deflecting destructive solar winds and cosmic radiation.",29.2% of the earth's surface is covered in land.,information_extraction Brainstorm a list of things you do in the morning before leaving for work,,"Check the weather, eat breakfast, make coffee, brush your teeth, put on clothes, put together your briefcase",brainstorming "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Troodon, African Elephant",,"Troodon is extinct, African Elephant is alive.",classification Can someone drive on Black Bear Road all year?,"Black Bear Road is open a few months of the year, from late summer (usually the last week of July) to early fall. The road is traveled only downhill from Red Mountain Pass — except for the annual Jeeper's Jamboree in which travel is reversed for one day only. The start of the trail was formerly marked along U.S. 550 with a sign that read:","No, it is only open for a few months of the year.",closed_qa "During WWII, how many Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated and incarcerated?","During World War II, the United States forcibly relocated and incarcerated at least 125,284 people of Japanese descent in 75 identified incarceration sites","125,284",closed_qa List some common symptoms that someone may experience if they acquired a gastrointestinal bug.,,"Common symptoms someone who has a gastrointestinal infection may experience include cramping, diarrhea, low-grade fever, vomiting, and nausea.",open_qa "Based on the above passage name the regions which were a part of Fatimid Caliphate apart from Egypt, at its height. Display the results in a comma separated format.","The Fatimid Caliphate was an Ismaili Shi'a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries AD. Spanning a large area of North Africa, it ranged from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the east. The Fatimids, a dynasty of Arab origin, trace their ancestry to Muhammad's daughter Fatima and her husband ‘Ali b. Abi Talib, the first Shi‘a imam. The Fatimids were acknowledged as the rightful imams by different Isma‘ili communities, but also in many other Muslim lands, including Persia and the adjacent regions. Originating during the Abbasid Caliphate, the Fatimids conquered Tunisia and established the city of ""al-Mahdiyya"" (Arabic: المهدية). The Ismaili dynasty ruled territories across the Mediterranean coast of Africa and ultimately made Egypt the center of the caliphate. At its height, the caliphate included – in addition to Egypt – varying areas of the Maghreb, Sudan, Sicily, the Levant, and the Hijaz.","Maghreb, Sudan, Sicily, the Levant, the Hijaz",information_extraction "Given the reference text about a towboat, how does the boat work?","The boat measures 99 feet (30 m) long overall, with a hull length of 80 feet (24 m), and an 18-foot (5.5 m) beam. She draws 32 inches (0.8 m). She is powered by a 160-horsepower (120 kW) 1940 Fairbanks-Morse 35E10 direct reversing diesel engine. She measures 51 gross registry tons and displaces approximately 108 long tons (110 t). She is fashioned out of steel plates riveted to a steel frame. She has a scow-form bow fitted with special ""knees"" used in pushing barges, and a flat bottom with no keel",The boat is powered by a 160-horsepower 1940 Fairbanks-Morse 35E10 direct reversing diesel engine.,closed_qa "Given the following paragraph about the observation deck of the Burj Khalifa, what's offered on the 124th floor observation deck?","An outdoor observation deck, named At the Top, opened on 5 January 2010 on the 124th floor. At 452 m (1,483 ft), it was the highest outdoor observation deck in the world when it opened. Although it was surpassed in December 2011 by Cloud Top 488 on the Canton Tower, Guangzhou at 488 m (1,601 ft), Burj Khalifa opened the 148th floor SKY level at 555 m (1,821 ft), once again giving it the highest observation deck in the world on 15 October 2014, until the Shanghai Tower opened in June 2016 with an observation deck at a height of 561 metres. The 124th floor observation deck also features the electronic telescope, an augmented reality device developed by Gsmprjct° of Montréal, which allows visitors to view the surrounding landscape in real-time, and to view previously saved images such as those taken at different times of day or under different weather conditions. To reduce the daily rush of sightseers, management allows visitors to purchase tickets in advance for a specific date and time, at a 75% discount on tickets purchased on the spot.",The 124th floor observation deck of the Burj Khalifa offers an augmented reality device called the electronic telescope which allows visitors to view surrounding landscapes in real-time as well as saved images.,closed_qa Why do people move/sway during music?,,Scientists believe we are born with a sense of rhythm and our bodies naturally react and behave to the sound of music in different ways.,open_qa Who fought in the Second Battle of Bapaume?,"The Second Battle of Bapaume was a battle of the First World War that took place at Bapaume in France, from 21 August 1918 to 3 September 1918. It was a continuation of the Battle of Albert and is also referred to as the second phase of that battle. The British and Dominion attack was part of what was later known as the Allies' Hundred Days Offensive. The Second Battle of Bapaume was carried out over a period of two weeks and involved the divisions of IV Corps; the British 5th, 37th, 42nd, and the 63rd Divisions along with the New Zealand Division. On 29 August, elements of the New Zealand Division, after heavy fighting in the days prior, occupied Bapaume as the defending Germans withdrew. It then pushed onto the Bancourt Ridge, to the east of Bapaume.",The British and New Zealanders fought the Germans in the Second Battle of Bapaume,information_extraction Why is the Cave of the Crystals or Giant Crystal Cave closed to the public?,"Cave of the Crystals or Giant Crystal Cave (Spanish: Cueva de los cristales) is a cave connected to the Naica Mine at a depth of 300 metres (980 ft), in Naica, Chihuahua, Mexico. It takes the form of a chamber within the limestone host rock of the mine, and is about 109-metre (358 ft) long with a volume of 5,000 to 6,000 cubic metres (180,000 to 210,000 cu ft). The chamber contains giant selenite crystals (gypsum, CaSO4 · 2 H2O), some of the largest natural crystals ever found. The largest is 11.40 metres (37.4 ft), with a volume of about 5 cubic metres (180 cu ft), and an estimated mass of 12 tonnes. When not flooded, the cave is extremely hot, with air temperatures reaching up to 58 °C (136 °F) with 90 to 99 percent humidity. This is comparable to temperature records in Death Valley, but with much wetter air. The cave is relatively unexplored because of these factors. Without proper protection, people can only endure approximately ten minutes of exposure at a time. The cave was discovered in April 2000 by brothers Juan and Pedro Sánchez while drilling in the mine. As of October 2015, the mine had reflooded and the cavern filled once more with the water rich in minerals required for the crystals to grow. A group of scientists in the Naica Project have been studying these caverns.","The conditions in the cave are not hospitable, extreme heat and humidity, sharp slippery crystals are lethal for humans.",closed_qa "From the passage provided, extract the diameter of eukaryotic ribosomes.","Prokaryotic ribosomes are around 20 nm (200 Å) in diameter and are composed of 65% rRNA and 35% ribosomal proteins. Eukaryotic ribosomes are between 25 and 30 nm (250–300 Å) in diameter with an rRNA-to-protein ratio that is close to 1. Crystallographic work has shown that there are no ribosomal proteins close to the reaction site for polypeptide synthesis. This suggests that the protein components of ribosomes do not directly participate in peptide bond formation catalysis, but rather that these proteins act as a scaffold that may enhance the ability of rRNA to synthesize protein (See: Ribozyme).",Eukaryotic ribosomes are between 25 and 30 nm (250–300 Å) in diameter.,information_extraction List down some key points about jewel diamond from given text,"Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Another solid form of carbon known as graphite is the chemically stable form of carbon at room temperature and pressure, but diamond is metastable and converts to it at a negligible rate under those conditions. Diamond has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any natural material, properties that are used in major industrial applications such as cutting and polishing tools. They are also the reason that diamond anvil cells can subject materials to pressures found deep in the Earth.","1. With its atoms grouped in what is known as a diamond cubic crystal structure, diamond is a solid form of the element carbon. 2. The chemically stable form of carbon at room temperature and pressure is another solid form of carbon known as graphite, but diamond is metastable and only slightly converts to it under those conditions. 3. Because of its superior hardness and thermal conductivity compared to other natural materials, diamond is frequently employed in high-tech industrial products like cutting and polishing equipment. 4. They also allow materials to be subjected to pressures observed at great depths in the Earth in diamond anvil cells.",summarization What are the benefits of Microservices?,,"Microservices break up Monolithic Architecture into standalone lightweight services that serve a single purpose. Developer productivity is increased as teams dedicated to the single responsibility service can control releases independent of other services. They can also control the language the service is written in. This is helpful when certain services might benefit from being written in Python vs C#, Java or Javascript. Microservices advocate for an event driven architecture where services are not coupled or referenced directly. Each Microservice can publish events that can be consumed/subscribed by other services. Containerization and Microservices go well together when designing Microservices, considering that the paradigm calls for Containers to be immutable and treated as Cattle. New and Old versions of the same Microservice can be released side by side in an A/B pattern, helping with assurance of any updates. Containers can host the Microservices quickly and be tested across environments with reliability ensuring all dependencies are encapsulated in the build of the running image.",open_qa What is St. Peters Basilica?,,"St. Peters Basilica is located at the Vatican in Rome, Italy. St. Peters is a church where the Roman Catholic Church Pope lives. The church was build in the renaissance style, and the interior contains brilliant marble sculptures and paintings. There are also a large number of tombs for past popes. The Sistine Chapel is one of the Vatican's proudest features, and it was painted on the ceiling by Michelangelo between 1508 to 1512.",open_qa Where is the Hawkeye Creek Bridge located,"Hawkeye Creek Bridge is a historic structure located in a rural area northeast of Mediapolis, Iowa, United States. The Des Moines County Board of Supervisors contracted with Clinton Bridge and Iron Works on September 23, 1909, to design and build this bridge. It is an 80-foot (24 m) span that carries traffic of a gravel road over Hawkeye Creek. The structure is a single rigid-connected Pratt through truss that is supported by concrete abutments. It basically remains in an unaltered condition. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.","The Hawkeye Creek Bridge is a historic structure located in a rural area northeast of Mediapolis, Iowa, United States. The Des Moines County Board of Supervisors contracted with Clinton Bridge and Iron Works on September 23, 1909, to design and build this bridge. It is an 80-foot (24 m) span that carries traffic of a gravel road over Hawkeye Creek. The structure is a single rigid-connected Pratt through truss that is supported by concrete abutments. It basically remains in an unaltered condition. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph about the climate in Fairmont, West Virginia, what was the coldest month in the city's history, and what was the average temperature during that month?","Fairmont has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa) with very warm summers and freezing winters. However, it is not uncommon during winter for warm air from the Gulf of Mexico to raise temperatures above 50 °F or 10 °C, which occurs on average six times each January and over eight in December and February. In contrast, when very cold air from Canada moves into West Virginia temperatures can go below 0 °F or −17.8 °C, which can be expected during 3.2 mornings each winter, but which occurred on twelve mornings during the extremely cold January 1977, whose average temperature of 16.0 °F or −8.9 °C was the coldest month on record by 4.0 °F or 2.2 °C. Despite the abundant precipitation throughout the year, the relative dryness of cold air means that most precipitation is rain even during the winter: the most snowfall in a month being 46.5 inches (1.18 m) is November 1950, and the most in a season 77.4 inches (1.97 m) between July 1950 and June 1951. The least snow in a season has been 12.0 inches (0.30 m) between July 1918 and June 1919, whilst the wettest calendar year has been 1956 with 58.12 inches (1,476.2 mm) and the driest – as with all of West Virginia – 1930 with 26.25 inches (666.8 mm). The hottest temperature has been 108 °F (42.2 °C) on August 8, 1918, and the coldest −21 °F (−29.4 °C) on January 21, 1994.","January of 1977 was the coldest month in the history of Fairmont, West Virginia with an average of 16.0 degrees Farenheit.",closed_qa What are all the different ways of saying customer lifetime value?,"In marketing, customer lifetime value (CLV or often CLTV), lifetime customer value (LCV), or life-time value (LTV) is a prognostication of the net profit contributed to the whole future relationship with a customer. The prediction model can have varying levels of sophistication and accuracy, ranging from a crude heuristic to the use of complex predictive analytics techniques. Customer lifetime value can also be defined as the monetary value of a customer relationship, based on the present value of the projected future cash flows from the customer relationship. Customer lifetime value is an important concept in that it encourages firms to shift their focus from quarterly profits to the long-term health of their customer relationships. Customer lifetime value is an important metric because it represents an upper limit on spending to acquire new customers. For this reason it is an important element in calculating payback of advertising spent in marketing mix modeling. One of the first accounts of the term customer lifetime value is in the 1988 book Database Marketing, which includes detailed worked examples. Early adopters of customer lifetime value models in the 1990s include Edge Consulting and BrandScience.","Customer lifetime value is commonly referred to as customer lifetime value (CLV or often CLTV), lifetime customer value (LCV), or life-time value (LTV).",closed_qa "My coffee tastes too acidic, what can I do to balance it out?",,"Here are some of the steps you can take to tweak your coffee brewing process: * you might be under extracting, try grinding you coffee beans finer * another way to increase your extraction rate is to use less coffee grinds or more water * if you’re doing the pour-over method, blooming the coffee first might help removing the co2, improving the extraction * you might want to try a darker roast, these have more nutty and chocolaty flavors that might better fit your taste",brainstorming Extract the the materials used to build beaver dams from the following passage and separate them with a comma.,"Beavers need trees and shrubs to use as building material for dams, which restrict flowing water to create a pond for them to live in, and for lodges, which act as shelters and refuges from predators and the elements. Without such material, beavers dig burrows into a bank to live. Dam construction begins in late summer or early fall, and they repair them whenever needed. Beavers can cut down trees up to 15 cm (5.9 in) wide in less than 50 minutes. Thicker trees, at 25 cm (9.8 in) wide or more, may not fall for hours. When chewing down a tree, beavers switch between biting with the left and right side of the mouth. Tree branches are then cut and carried to their destination with the powerful jaw and neck muscles. Other building materials, like mud and rocks, are held by the forelimbs and tucked between the chin and chest.","Beavers use the following materials to build their dams: trees, shrubs, mud, rocks.",information_extraction How can you get to Dry Tortugas National Park?,"Dry Tortugas National Park is a national park located about 68 miles (109 km) west of Key West in the Gulf of Mexico, in the United States. The park preserves Fort Jefferson and the seven Dry Tortugas islands, the westernmost and most isolated of the Florida Keys. The archipelago's coral reefs are the least disturbed of the Florida Keys reefs. Most visitors arrive in Dry Tortugas National Park by either boat or seaplane from Key West. Official ferry and transportation services to the Dry Tortugas include the Yankee Freedom III catamaran, private vessel chartering and seaplane services. Other methods of visiting the Dry Tortugas include chartering of authorized and approved private vessels. There are no road connections to Dry Tortugas, and cars cannot access the islands.",Dry Tortugas National Park can be accessed by seaplane or boat. The official ferry service is Yankee Freedom; private boats can also access the island. The islands that make up Dry Tortugas are located near Key West in the Gulf of Mexcio and cannot be accessed by car.,information_extraction What was the first Porsche 911 with AWD?,"The 993 Turbo coupé was introduced in 1995. It featured a new twin-turbocharged engine displacing 3.6 liters and generating a maximum power output of 300 kW (408 PS; 402 hp). Air-to-air intercoolers, electronic engine management, redesigned cylinder heads, and other modified engine internals completed the new engine. The 993 Turbo was the first 911 Turbo with all-wheel drive, taken from the 959 flagship model. The Turbo's bodywork differs from the Carrera by widened rear wheel arches (about 6 cm), redesigned front and rear bumper moldings, and a fixed ""whale tail"" rear wing housing the intercoolers. New 18-inch (460 mm) alloy wheels with hollow spokes were standard.",The 993 had a Turbo variant that started in 1995. It was the first 911 Turbo with AWD. This AWD system was taken from the 959 flagship model.,summarization "Given this paragraph on French Revolution, what were the main causes","The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy, while the values and institutions it created remain central to French political discourse. Its causes are generally agreed to be a combination of social, political and economic factors, which the Ancien Régime proved unable to manage. In May 1789, widespread social distress led to the convocation of the Estates General, which was converted into a National Assembly in June. Continuing unrest culminated in the Storming of the Bastille on 14 July, which led to a series of radical measures by the Assembly, including the abolition of feudalism, the imposition of state control over the Catholic Church in France, and extension of the right to vote.","The causes were multiple, including social, politic, and economic factors.",closed_qa Who was Margaret Thatcher?,"Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, DStJ, PC, FRS, HonFRSC (née Roberts; 13 October 1925 – 8 April 2013), was a British politician and stateswoman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the first female British prime minister and the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century. As prime minister, she implemented economic policies that became known as Thatcherism. A Soviet journalist dubbed her the ""Iron Lady"", a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style.","Margaret Thatcher was the first woman to be elected prime minister of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, serving in this role from her first election victory in 1979 until she was forced out of office by members of her own party in 1990. During this time she transformed the economic situation in the United Kingdom by introducing economic policies intended to reverse high inflation and weak growth. By constraining the power of trades unions and overseeing extensive deregulation and privatisation, Thatcher helped to create a period of extended growth and economic success. Together with Ronald Reagan, she was also instrumental in recognising and supporting the opportunity to end communist rule in the Soviet Union, where she was dubbed the 'Iron Lady', through her friendship with the Russian leader, Mikhail Gorbachev. Her legacy was to end the so-called 'post-war consensus' in the UK (characterised by high taxes, regulation and nationalisation) and to replace it with policies that encouraged free-enterprise and personal responsibility while acknowledging the importance of the welfare state, provided it was administered responsibly. Although disliked by many on the left for the way that she challenged excessive union power, she is generally acknowledged as the most important British politician of the late twentieth century.",closed_qa How can UV light be used?,,UV light is electromagnetic radiation. It has a wavelength that is shorter than regular visible light. UV light can be used in water purification to kill viruses and bacteria in city water. Continuous flow UV lights can kill virus and bacteria up to 99.999%. This is very helpful because it keeps people from ingesting virus and bacteria in their water source. UV light has other applications such as tanning beds. UV light can also be used in disinfecting services too.,open_qa How can you tell the difference between a dromedary and a camel?,,The most notable difference between dromedaries and camels is their number of humps: a dromedary has one hump while camels have two humps.,open_qa "I want to take a skiing vacation. Which of the following countries would be suitable for doing this: Switzerland, Cyprus, Kiribati, the United States, Haiti.",,"Switzerland and the United States are suitable as skiing destinations. Both countries have mountainous areas with world-renowned ski resorts. The United States boasts skiing locations in multiple states, including Colorado, California, and Utah. Switzerland also has some of the most popular ski locations in the world such as Davos. Cyprus, Kiribati, and Haiti are not suitable skiing destinations, as none of these countries has high mountains that produce enough snow to ski.",classification What is the name of the National Anthem of the Netherlands?,,"The name of the National Anthem of the Netherlands is ""Wilhelmus"".",open_qa Why do we have car registrations,,"Car registrations are a yearly mandatory registration for all operable cars that drive on public roads. Its a way to keep track of the number of cars on the roads and to also collect taxes from people who drive on public roads for public road maintenance and repair. The price to register a vehicle depends on the type of vehicle, size, dimensions and weight.",open_qa In what way did Étienne Halphen interests lead to him discovering the harmonic distribution?,"In probability theory and statistics, the harmonic distribution is a continuous probability distribution. It was discovered by Étienne Halphen, who had become interested in the statistical modeling of natural events. His practical experience in data analysis motivated him to pioneer a new system of distributions that provided sufficient flexibility to fit a large variety of data sets. Halphen restricted his search to distributions whose parameters could be estimated using simple statistical approaches.",He had become interested in the statistical modeling of natural events. This motivated him to find a system that provided sufficient flexibility to fit a large variety of data sets.,information_extraction What movie make Kevin Smith famous?,,Clerks,open_qa When did the fist episode of Family Guy air?,,"January 31, 1999",open_qa what are some of the signs and symptoms of Dissociative identity disorder?,"According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), symptoms of DID include ""the presence of two or more distinct personality states"" accompanied by the inability to recall personal information beyond what is expected through normal memory issues. Other DSM-5 symptoms include a loss of identity as related to individual distinct personality states, loss of one's subjective experience of the passage of time, and degradation of a sense of self and consciousness. In each individual, the clinical presentation varies and the level of functioning can change from severe impairment to minimal impairment. The symptoms of dissociative amnesia are subsumed under a DID diagnosis, and thus should not be diagnosed separately if DID criteria are met. Individuals with DID may experience distress from both the symptoms of DID (intrusive thoughts or emotions) and the consequences of the accompanying symptoms (dissociation rendering them unable to remember specific information). The majority of patients with DID report childhood sexual or physical abuse. Amnesia between identities may be asymmetrical; identities may or may not be aware of what is known by another. Individuals with DID may be reluctant to discuss symptoms due to associations with abuse, shame, and fear. DID patients may also frequently and intensely experience time disturbances. Around half of people with DID have fewer than 10 identities and most have fewer than 100; although as many as 4,500 have been reported. The average number of identities has increased over the past few decades, from two or three to now an average of approximately 16. However, it is unclear whether this is due to an actual increase in identities, or simply that the psychiatric community has become more accepting of a high number of compartmentalized memory components.","Dissociative identity Disorder, or DIS in short, causes many symptoms that range from intrusive thoughts, and emotions to Amnesia. The severeness of Amnesia will vary between identities. Other symptoms include time disturbances between identities. Some of the other speculative signs include the number of identities that can range from 10 to 4500.",summarization Is Dirty picture a movie?,,"Yes. The Dirty Picture is a 2011 Indian Hindi-language biographical musical drama film inspired by the life of Silk Smitha, an Indian actress. It is a real life story.",classification Extract the steps to resolve a given supervised machine learning problem from the following text,"To solve a given problem of supervised learning, one has to perform the following steps: Determine the type of training examples. Before doing anything else, the user should decide what kind of data is to be used as a training set. In the case of handwriting analysis, for example, this might be a single handwritten character, an entire handwritten word, an entire sentence of handwriting or perhaps a full paragraph of handwriting. Gather a training set. The training set needs to be representative of the real-world use of the function. Thus, a set of input objects is gathered and corresponding outputs are also gathered, either from human experts or from measurements. Determine the input feature representation of the learned function. The accuracy of the learned function depends strongly on how the input object is represented. Typically, the input object is transformed into a feature vector, which contains a number of features that are descriptive of the object. The number of features should not be too large, because of the curse of dimensionality; but should contain enough information to accurately predict the output. Determine the structure of the learned function and corresponding learning algorithm. For example, the engineer may choose to use support-vector machines or decision trees. Complete the design. Run the learning algorithm on the gathered training set. Some supervised learning algorithms require the user to determine certain control parameters. These parameters may be adjusted by optimizing performance on a subset (called a validation set) of the training set, or via cross-validation. Evaluate the accuracy of the learned function. After parameter adjustment and learning, the performance of the resulting function should be measured on a test set that is separate from the training set.","Use the following steps to solve a given problem of supervised learning: 1. Determine the type of training examples, 2. Gather a training set. 3. Determine the input feature representation of the learned function. 4. Determine the structure of the learned function and corresponding learning algorithm. 5. Run the learning algorithm on the gathered training set. 6. Evaluate the accuracy of the learned function.",information_extraction What is APR?,,"The term annual percentage rate of charge (APR), corresponding sometimes to a nominal APR and sometimes to an effective APR (EAPR), is the interest rate for a whole year (annualized), rather than just a monthly fee/rate, as applied on a loan, mortgage loan, credit card, etc. It is a finance charge expressed as an annual rate. Those terms have formal, legal definitions in some countries or legal jurisdictions, but in the United States: (1) The nominal APR is the simple-interest rate (for a year). (2) The effective APR is the fee+compound interest rate (calculated across a year).",open_qa What are the main functions on a DSLR camera that affect the correct the exposure of an image?,"In photography, exposure value (EV) is a number that represents a combination of a camera's shutter speed and f-number, such that all combinations that yield the same exposure have the same EV (for any fixed scene luminance). Exposure value is also used to indicate an interval on the photographic exposure scale, with a difference of 1 EV corresponding to a standard power-of-2 exposure step, commonly referred to as a stop. The EV concept was developed by the German shutter manufacturer Friedrich Deckel in the 1950s (Gebele 1958; Ray 2000, 318). Its intent was to simplify choosing among equivalent camera exposure settings by replacing combinations of shutter speed and f-number (e.g., 1/125 s at f/16) with a single number (e.g., 15). On some lenses with leaf shutters, the process was further simplified by allowing the shutter and aperture controls to be linked such that, when one was changed, the other was automatically adjusted to maintain the same exposure. This was especially helpful to beginners with limited understanding of the effects of shutter speed and aperture and the relationship between them. But it was also useful for experienced photographers who might choose a shutter speed to stop motion or an f-number for depth of field, because it allowed for faster adjustment—without the need for mental calculations—and reduced the chance of error when making the adjustment.","If a DSLR camera is not set to 'Automatic' mode, there are 3 primary functions that need to be considered when deciding on the correct exposure for your image. 1) the Aperture - how wide the aperture on the lens is set determines how much light can pass through the aperture. A small aperture (e.g. f/16) allows less light to reach the sensor as opposed to a wide aperture (e.g f/2.4). 2) the Shutter Speed - how long the shutter is allowed to remain open after you depress the release on the camera. A short exposure time (e.g. 1/1000 sec) will allow less light to hit the cameras sensor whilst a long exposure (e.g. 1/4 sec) will let more light hit the sensor 3) the ISO setting - this setting is used to control how sensitive the sensor is to light hitting it. A low ISO setting (e.g. ISO 200) is much less sensitive than a high ISO setting (e.g. ISO 1600) which means less light is required to capture the for the image on the sensor. All 3 of these functions work in tandem to ensure the correct exposure value is created based on the image and effect you are trying to create.",closed_qa Who are the best golfers of all time?,,"Golf is a sport that has been around for hundreds of years. In modern golf (1900 - Present) there have been a few really great players. In the early half of the 20th century, Bobby Jones from Atlanta, GA was probably the best in the world. Then Ben Hogan from Texas came along and was another great player. From there, Jack Nicklaus and Tiger Woods are likely the best since. Winning major championships is really what defines greatness in golf. Major championships include: The Masters, The US Open, The British Open and the PGA Championship. Jack Nicklaus holds the record for most majors won.",open_qa What are some strategies to survive in nature?,,"Here are some strategies to survive in nature: 1. Build a shelter using trees, branches, leaves, and bushes 2. Start a fire using wood and other materials 3. Scavenge for berries and other plant based foods 4. Look for a clean source of water 5. Create makeshift clothing 6. Set up traps to catch land animals and fish 7. Create spears and other weapons to hunt animals",brainstorming What is CRISPR?,,"CRISPR (an acronym for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. These sequences are derived from DNA fragments of bacteriophages that had previously infected the prokaryote. They are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar bacteriophages during subsequent infections. Hence these sequences play a key role in the antiviral (i.e. anti-phage) defense system of prokaryotes and provide a form of acquired immunity. CRISPR is found in approximately 50% of sequenced bacterial genomes and nearly 90% of sequenced archaea. Cas9 (or ""CRISPR-associated protein 9"") is an enzyme that uses CRISPR sequences as a guide to recognize and cleave specific strands of DNA that are complementary to the CRISPR sequence. Cas9 enzymes together with CRISPR sequences form the basis of a technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to edit genes within organisms. This editing process has a wide variety of applications including basic biological research, development of biotechnological products, and treatment of diseases. The development of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technique was recognized by the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020 which was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna. In 2022, in a proceeding at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (interference 106,115), the Patent Trial and Appeal Board decided that the inventor for the US patent covering application of CRISPR-Cas9 in eukaryotic cells is Feng Zhang, a professor of the Broad Institute.",open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Black-footed Ferret, Dodo",,"Dodo is extinct, Black-footed Ferret is alive.",classification Who painted the ‘Girl with the Pearl Earring’ and the ‘Milkmaid’?,,The ‘Girl with the Pearl Earring’ and the ‘Milkmaid’ were painted by Johannes Vermeer.,open_qa please give me a short description about SVB collapse,"On Friday, March 10, 2023, Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) failed after a bank run, marking the second-largest bank failure in United States history and the largest since the 2007–2008 financial crisis. It was one of three March 2023 United States bank failures.","It's due to risk mismanagement of SVB Bank, where the bank bet on long dated treasury bond. When the bank runs happen, SVB don't have a choice but to sell those long dated bond at a steep discount and incur huge lossses.",summarization Extract from the text the list of actors and the characters they play. List answer as bullet list in in format: {actor name}: {character name},"The Mandalorian is an American space Western television series created by Jon Favreau for the streaming service Disney+. It is the first live-action series in the Star Wars franchise, beginning five years after the events of Return of the Jedi (1983), and stars Pedro Pascal as the title character, a lone bounty hunter who goes on the run to protect the Force-sensitive child Grogu. Starting in the third season, Katee Sackhoff also stars as Mandalorian Bo-Katan Kryze, following her appearance in the second season.","- Pedro Pascal: Mandelorian - Katee Sackhoff: Bo-Katan Kryze",information_extraction What are legos?,,"Legos are small plastic toy blocks that stack together, and can be used to build a variety of structures.",open_qa What is OAuth 2.0?,,"OAuth 2.0, which stands for “Open Authorization”, is a standard designed to allow a website or application to access resources hosted by other web apps on behalf of a user. It replaced OAuth 1.0 in 2012 and is now the de facto industry standard for online authorization.",open_qa How do you make an iced matcha latter?,,"You will need 1-2 teaspoons of matcha powder, milk of your choice, 1 cup of hot water, and ice. In a cup or bowl, you will add your match powder and pour your hot water into it and use a whisk until the matcha powder is well incorporated, which should create a paste like consistency. Then you will take a glass and pour in your ice and milk and your matcha paste on top and stir.",open_qa "Given this article about Operation Aurora, How was the operation named?","Operation Aurora was a series of cyber attacks conducted by advanced persistent threats such as the Elderwood Group based in Beijing, China, with ties to the People's Liberation Army. First publicly disclosed by Google on January 12, 2010, in a blog post, the attacks began in mid-2009 and continued through December 2009. The attack was aimed at dozens of other organizations, of which Adobe Systems, Akamai Technologies, Juniper Networks, and Rackspace have publicly confirmed that they were targeted. According to media reports, Yahoo, Symantec, Northrop Grumman, Morgan Stanley, and Dow Chemical were also among the targets. As a result of the attack, Google stated in its blog that it plans to operate a completely uncensored version of its search engine in China ""within the law, if at all,"" and acknowledged that if this is not possible, it may leave China and close its Chinese offices. Official Chinese sources claimed this was part of a strategy developed by the U.S. government. The attack was named ""Operation Aurora"" by Dmitri Alperovitch, Vice President of Threat Research at cybersecurity company McAfee. Research by McAfee Labs discovered that ""Aurora"" was part of the file path on the attacker's machine that was included in two of the malware binaries McAfee said were associated with the attack. ""We believe the name was the internal name the attacker(s) gave to this operation,"" McAfee Chief Technology Officer George Kurtz said in a blog post. According to McAfee, the primary goal of the attack was to gain access to and potentially modify source code repositories at these high-tech, security, and defense contractor companies. ""[The SCMs] were wide open,"" says Alperovitch. ""No one ever thought about securing them, yet these were the crown jewels of most of these companies in many ways—much more valuable than any financial or personally identifiable data that they may have and spend so much time and effort protecting."" History Flowers left outside Google China's headquarters after its announcement it might leave the country On January 12, 2010, Google revealed on its blog that it had been the victim of a cyber attack. The company said the attack occurred in mid-December and originated from China. Google stated that over 20 other companies had been attacked; other sources have since cited that more than 34 organizations were targeted. As a result of the attack, Google said it was reviewing its business in China. On the same day, United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton issued a brief statement condemning the attacks and requesting a response from China. On January 13, 2010, the news agency All Headline News reported that the United States Congress plans to investigate Google's allegations that the Chinese government used the company's service to spy on human rights activists. In Beijing, visitors left flowers outside of Google's office. However, these were later removed, with a Chinese security guard stating that this was an ""illegal flower tribute"". The Chinese government has yet to issue a formal response, although an anonymous official stated that China was seeking more information on Google's intentions. Attackers involved Further information: Cyberwarfare by China Technical evidence including IP addresses, domain names, malware signatures, and other factors, show Elderwood was behind the Operation Aurora attack. The ""Elderwood"" group was named by Symantec (after a source-code variable used by the attackers), and is referred to as the ""Beijing Group"" by Dell Secureworks. The group obtained some of Google's source code, as well as access to information about Chinese activists. Elderwood also targeted numerous other companies in the shipping, aeronautics, arms, energy, manufacturing, engineering, electronics, financial, and software sectors. The ""APT"" designation for the Chinese threat actors responsible for attacking Google is APT17. Elderwood specializes in attacking and infiltrating second-tier defense industry suppliers that make electronic or mechanical components for top defense companies. Those firms then become a cyber ""stepping stone"" to gain access to top-tier defense contractors. One attack procedure used by Elderwood is to infect legitimate websites frequented by employees of the target company – a so-called ""water hole"" attack, just as lions stake out a watering hole for their prey. Elderwood infects these less-secure sites with malware that downloads to a computer that clicks on the site. After that, the group searches inside the network to which the infected computer is connected, finding and then downloading executives' e-mails and critical documents on company plans, decisions, acquisitions, and product designs. Attack analysis In its blog posting, Google stated that some of its intellectual property had been stolen. It suggested that the attackers were interested in accessing Gmail accounts of Chinese dissidents. According to the Financial Times, two accounts used by Ai Weiwei had been attacked, their contents read and copied; his bank accounts were investigated by state security agents who claimed he was under investigation for ""unspecified suspected crimes"". However, the attackers were only able to view details on two accounts and those details were limited to things such as the subject line and the accounts' creation date. Security experts immediately noted the sophistication of the attack. Two days after the attack became public, McAfee reported that the attackers had exploited purported zero-day vulnerabilities (unfixed and previously unknown to the target system developers) in Internet Explorer and dubbed the attack ""Operation Aurora"". A week after the report by McAfee, Microsoft issued a fix for the issue, and admitted that they had known about the security hole used since September. Additional vulnerabilities were found in Perforce, the source code revision software used by Google to manage their source code. VeriSign's iDefense Labs claimed that the attacks were perpetrated by ""agents of the Chinese state or proxies thereof"". According to a diplomatic cable from the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, a Chinese source reported that the Chinese Politburo directed the intrusion into Google's computer systems. The cable suggested that the attack was part of a coordinated campaign executed by ""government operatives, public security experts and Internet outlaws recruited by the Chinese government."" The report suggested that it was part of an ongoing campaign in which attackers have ""broken into American government computers and those of Western allies, the Dalai Lama and American businesses since 2002."" According to The Guardian's reporting on the leak, the attacks were ""orchestrated by a senior member of the Politburo who typed his own name into the global version of the search engine and found articles criticising him personally."" Once a victim's system was compromised, a backdoor connection that masqueraded as an SSL connection made connections to command and control servers running in Illinois, Texas, and Taiwan, including machines that were running under stolen Rackspace customer accounts. The victim's machine then began exploring the protected corporate intranet that it was a part of, searching for other vulnerable systems as well as sources of intellectual property, specifically the contents of source code repositories. The attacks were thought to have definitively ended on Jan 4 when the command and control servers were taken down, although it is not known at this point whether or not the attackers intentionally shut them down. However, the attacks were still occurring as of February 2010. Response and aftermath The German, Australian, and French governments publicly issued warnings to users of Internet Explorer after the attack, advising them to use alternative browsers at least until a fix for the security hole was made. The German, Australian, and French governments considered all versions of Internet Explorer vulnerable or potentially vulnerable. In an advisory on January 14, 2010, Microsoft said that attackers targeting Google and other U.S. companies used software that exploits a hole in Internet Explorer. The vulnerability affects Internet Explorer versions 6, 7, and 8 on Windows 7, Vista, Windows XP, Server 2003, Server 2008 R2, as well as IE 6 Service Pack 1 on Windows 2000 Service Pack 4. The Internet Explorer exploit code used in the attack has been released into the public domain, and has been incorporated into the Metasploit Framework penetration testing tool. A copy of the exploit was uploaded to Wepawet, a service for detecting and analyzing web-based malware operated by the computer security group at the University of California, Santa Barbara. ""The public release of the exploit code increases the possibility of widespread attacks using the Internet Explorer vulnerability,"" said George Kurtz, CTO of McAfee, of the attack. ""The now public computer code may help cybercriminals craft attacks that use the vulnerability to compromise Windows systems."" Security company Websense said it identified ""limited public use"" of the unpatched IE vulnerability in drive-by attacks against users who strayed onto malicious Web sites. According to Websense, the attack code it spotted is the same as the exploit that went public last week.[clarification needed] ""Internet Explorer users currently face a real and present danger due to the public disclosure of the vulnerability and release of attack code, increasing the possibility of widespread attacks,"" said George Kurtz, chief technology officer of McAfee, in a blog update. Confirming this speculation, Websense Security Labs identified additional sites using the exploit on January 19. According to reports from Ahnlab, the second URL was spread through the Instant Messenger network Misslee Messenger, a popular IM client in South Korea. Researchers have created attack code that exploits the vulnerability in Internet Explorer 7 (IE7) and IE8—even when Microsoft's recommended defensive measure (Data Execution Prevention (DEP)) is turned on.[dubious – discuss] According to Dino Dai Zovi, a security vulnerability researcher, ""even the newest IE8 isn't safe from attack if it's running on Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) or earlier, or on Windows Vista RTM (release to manufacturing), the version Microsoft shipped in January 2007."" Microsoft admitted that the security hole used had been known to them since September. Work on an update was prioritized and on Thursday, January 21, 2010, Microsoft released a security patch aiming to counter this weakness, the published exploits based on it and a number of other privately reported vulnerabilities. They did not state if any of the latter had been used or published by exploiters or whether these had any particular relation to the Aurora operation, but the entire cumulative update was termed critical for most versions of Windows, including Windows 7. Security researchers continued to investigate the attacks. HBGary, a security firm, released a report in which they claimed to have found some significant markers that might help identify the code developer. The firm also said that the code was Chinese language based but could not be specifically tied to any government entity. On February 19, 2010, a security expert investigating the cyber-attack on Google, has claimed that the people behind the attack were also responsible for the cyber-attacks made on several Fortune 100 companies in the past one and a half years. They have also tracked the attack back to its point of origin, which seems to be two Chinese schools, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Lanxiang Vocational School. As highlighted by The New York Times, both of these schools have ties with the Chinese search engine Baidu, a rival of Google China. Both Lanxiang Vocational and Jiaotong University have denied the allegation. In March 2010, Symantec, which was helping investigate the attack for Google, identified Shaoxing as the source of 21.3% of all (12 billion) malicious emails sent throughout the world. Google retrospective On October 3, 2022, Google on YouTube released a six-episode series covering the events that occurred during Operation Aurora, with commentary from insiders who dealt with the attack, though the series primary focus was to reassure the Google-using public that measures are in place to counter hacking attempts.","The attack was named ""Operation Aurora"" by Dmitri Alperovitch, Vice President of Threat Research at cybersecurity company McAfee. Research by McAfee Labs discovered that ""Aurora"" was part of the file path on the attacker's machine that was included in two of the malware binaries McAfee said were associated with the attack. ""We believe the name was the internal name the attacker(s) gave to this operation,"" McAfee Chief Technology Officer George Kurtz said in a blog post.",closed_qa Why was the 2023 Women's NCAA basketball championship controversial?,,"LSU beat Iowa to win the NCAA women's basketball championship in slightly controversial game. Many fans and pundits observed overly tight officiating resulting in many of the key stars on both teams with quick fouls and spending time on the bench altering the flow of the game requiring more bench players to play than expected. Particularly impactful was a questionable technical foul on Iowa player Caitlin Clark in the second half. Additionally, near the end of the game Angel Reece the LSU star mocked Iowa start Clark as her team won mimicking her soon to be placed championship ring on her hand. The 'trash talk' drove discussion on sportsmanship online among fans and journalists",open_qa List five words associated with sadness,,"Melancholy, upset, sulky, devastated and depressed are all associated with sadness.",brainstorming In which country is Jean Marie Ralph Féthière a politician?,"Jean Marie Ralph Féthière is a Haitian politician. He is a Senator from the north and a member of the ruling PHTK party. On September 23, 2019, while trying to leave Parliament amid a crowd as the government was voting to confirm a new prime minister, Féthière drew a handgun and fired toward the crowd. Chery Dieu-Nalio, a photographer for the Associated Press, suffered injuries to his face from bullet fragments, while a security guard named Leon Leblanc was also injured.",Haiti,closed_qa What is a PFD?,"Process engineering involves the utilization of multiple tools and methods. Depending on the exact nature of the system, processes need to be simulated and modeled using mathematics and computer science. Processes where phase change and phase equilibria are relevant require analysis using the principles and laws of thermodynamics to quantify changes in energy and efficiency. In contrast, processes that focus on the flow of material and energy as they approach equilibria are best analyzed using the disciplines of fluid mechanics and transport phenomena. Disciplines within the field of mechanics need to be applied in the presence of fluids or porous and dispersed media. Materials engineering principles also need to be applied, when relevant. Manufacturing in the field of process engineering involves an implementation of process synthesis steps. Regardless of the exact tools required, process engineering is then formatted through the use of a process flow diagram (PFD) where material flow paths, storage equipment (such as tanks and silos), transformations (such as distillation columns, receiver/head tanks, mixing, separations, pumping, etc.) and flowrates are specified, as well as a list of all pipes and conveyors and their contents, material properties such as density, viscosity, particle-size distribution, flowrates, pressures, temperatures, and materials of construction for the piping and unit operations.","PFD is an abbreviation for process flow diagram. Process flow diagrams specify material flow paths, storage equipment (such as tanks and silos), transformations (such as distillation columns, receiver/head tanks, mixing, separations, pumping, etc.), and flowrates. They also list all pipes and conveyors and their contents, material properties such as density, viscosity, particle-size distribution, flowrates, pressures, temperatures, and materials of construction for the piping and unit operations.",closed_qa Who is the psychologist Jonathan Young,"Jonathan Young (born September 29, 1944) is a psychologist who became the founding curator of the Joseph Campbell Archives. Background Young developed an interest in the teaching functions of stories through early exposure to folklore. He was one of six children in a much-traveled family. His parents read and discussed the lore of each place they visited, such as the Little Mermaid in Copenhagen, the Pied Piper in Hamelin, the Arabian Nights in Baghdad, and the Buddha in India and Japan. His graduate studies focused on the psychology of stories, and included work with Viktor Frankl, Rollo May, Abraham Maslow, and Carl Rogers. He earned his PhD in Clinical Psychology from Alliant International University. Career Joseph Campbell with Jonathan Young, 1985. Young is best known for his series of books, Saga: Best New Writings on Mythology. He assisted mythologist Joseph Campbell for several years at seminars. In addition to the Campbell archives, he organized the collections of psychologist James Hillman, and archeologist Marija Gimbutas. As a professor, Young created and chaired the Mythological Studies Department at the Pacifica Graduate Institute, working with Jungian theorists such as Robert Bly, Marion Woodman, Robert A. Johnson, Jean Houston, and Thomas Moore. In 1995, Dr. Young launched the Center for Story and Symbol in Santa Barbara, California to continue the work of Joseph Campbell. Through the center's programs, he presents seminars internationally on the uses of mythic stories for therapists, writers, clergy, and teachers. He also teaches the hero's journey in screenwriting programs. He lectures occasionally at universities, such as UCLA, Notre Dame, and Oxford, as well as ongoing courses in Mythopoetics at Pacifica Graduate Institute. He is featured in the History Channel documentary Star Wars: The Legacy Revealed. He also frequently appears on the History Channel and H2 television series Ancient Aliens. Works Saga: Best New Writings on Mythology Article on Joseph Campbell, The Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers","Jonathan Young (born September 29, 1944) is a psychologist who became the founding curator of the Joseph Campbell Archives. Background Young developed an interest in the teaching functions of stories through early exposure to folklore. He was one of six children in a much-traveled family. His parents read and discussed the lore of each place they visited, such as the Little Mermaid in Copenhagen, the Pied Piper in Hamelin, the Arabian Nights in Baghdad, and the Buddha in India and Japan. His graduate studies focused on the psychology of stories, and included work with Viktor Frankl, Rollo May, Abraham Maslow, and Carl Rogers. He earned his PhD in Clinical Psychology from Alliant International University. Career Young is best known for his series of books, Saga: Best New Writings on Mythology. He assisted mythologist Joseph Campbell for several years at seminars. In addition to the Campbell archives, he organized the collections of psychologist James Hillman, and archeologist Marija Gimbutas. As a professor, Young created and chaired the Mythological Studies Department at the Pacifica Graduate Institute, working with Jungian theorists such as Robert Bly, Marion Woodman, Robert A. Johnson, Jean Houston, and Thomas Moore. In 1995, Dr. Young launched the Center for Story and Symbol in Santa Barbara, California to continue the work of Joseph Campbell. Through the center's programs, he presents seminars internationally on the uses of mythic stories for therapists, writers, clergy, and teachers. He also teaches the hero's journey in screenwriting programs. He lectures occasionally at universities, such as UCLA, Notre Dame, and Oxford, as well as ongoing courses in Mythopoetics at Pacifica Graduate Institute. He is featured in the History Channel documentary Star Wars: The Legacy Revealed. He also frequently appears on the History Channel and H2 television series Ancient Aliens. Works Saga: Best New Writings on Mythology Article on Joseph Campbell, The Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers",closed_qa "What's funny about the phrase ""Why was Dumbo sad? He felt irrelephant.""",,"The phrase ""Why was Dumbo sad? He felt irrelephant"" is funny because Dumbo is an elephant and that word sounds like irrelevant. The phrase is a pun.",open_qa What is the meaning of 'akamai'?,"The company was named after akamai, which means 'clever,' or more colloquially, 'cool' in Hawaiian, which Lewin had discovered in a Hawaiian-English dictionary after the suggestion of a colleague.",clever,closed_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Thylacoleo, Skipjack Tuna",,"Thylacoleo is extinct, Skipjack Tuna is alive.",classification "Summarize the meaning of ""Lovers"" in the slogan ""Virginia is for lovers""","""Virginia is for Lovers"" is the tourism and travel slogan of the U.S. commonwealth of Virginia. Used since 1969, it has become a well-recognized and often imitated part of American jargon. In 2012, Advertising Age called ""Virginia is for Lovers"" ""one of the most iconic ad campaigns in the past 50 years."" History A team led by David N. Martin and George Woltz of Martin and Woltz Inc. of Richmond, Virginia created the slogan after winning the Virginia State Travel account in 1968. Originally, they had come up with history ads, ""Virginia is for History Lovers""; beach ads, ""Virginia is for Beach Lovers""; and mountain ads, ""Virginia is for Mountain Lovers"". This approach was eventually discarded as too limiting, and the qualifiers were dropped. Martin and Woltz Inc. eventually gained prominence and grew to become The Martin Agency. The Martin Agency says that, contrary to some claims, the slogan is not a reference to the United States Supreme Court's 1967 ruling in Loving v. Virginia, which legalized interracial marriage in the United States. In 1969, the Virginia State Travel Service (now the Virginia Tourism Corporation) adopted the ""Virginia is for Lovers"" slogan and the first ad campaign using the tagline appeared in March 1969, in an issue of Modern Bride. In 2009, ""Virginia is for Lovers"" was inducted into the Madison Avenue Advertising Walk of Fame, a creation of Advertising Week, the largest collection of advertising, marketing and media professionals in North America. These inductees were also included in the Advertising Icon Museum. Also in 2009, ""Virginia is for Lovers"" was acknowledged as one of the top ten tourism marketing campaigns of all time by Forbes.com. In 2016, the Virginia Tourism Corporation began selling apparel with a rainbow-colored heart in the logo as part of an LGBT tourism promotion campaign. The slogan began appearing on the state's license plates in 2014 and the state's welcome signs in 2015. In popular culture The slogan has been mentioned by a variety of artists over the years. In 2005, post-hardcore band Hawthorne Heights alluded to the phrase in the title of their single “Ohio Is for Lovers,” which would become widely regarded as an anthem of the early 2000’s emo music scene. American Idol winner Jordin Sparks recorded a song called ""Virginia is for Lovers"" in 2007, which was featured as a bonus track on her self-titled debut album. The slogan is mentioned in The Hold Steady song ""Killer Parties"", and Willie Adler, guitarist for Lamb of God, has the slogan printed on the neck of his custom guitars. The slogan is also mentioned in the Kenny Chesney song ""Get Along"". Virginia Beach-based rap group Clipse include the slogan in their song ""Virginia,"" from their 2002 album Lord Willin', proclaiming: ""Virginia's for lovers, but trust there's hate here / For out-of-towners, who think they're gon' move weight here.""","- ""Virginia is for Lovers"" is a tourism and travel slogan adopted by the Virginia State Travel Service (now the Virginia Tourism Corporation) since 1969 - The ""lovers"" in the slogan was originally attached to qualifiers such as history lovers, beach lovers, and mountain lovers. The qualifiers were considered too limited and eventually dropped - Contrary to claims, the word ""Lovers"" in the slogan bears no reference to the United States Supreme Court's case Loving v. Virginia which legalized interracial marriage in 1967",summarization Which episode does Jon Snow lead a battle where he is outnumbered by Ramsey Bolton?,,"""Battle of the Bastards"" is the ninth episode of the sixth season of Game of Thrones which had the massive battle between Jon Snow and Ramsey Bolton. Ramsey Bolton ultimately lost, thanks to Lord Baelish bringing fighters from the Vale to support Jon Snow.",open_qa Is it true that Lewis Hamilton won the championship in his first F1 season?,"Hamilton's first season in Formula One saw him partner two-time and defending World Champion Fernando Alonso. Hamilton is the first and, as of 2022, the only black driver to race in the series. After finishing on the podium in his debut, Hamilton went on to set several records as he finished runner-up in the 2007 World Drivers' Championship to Kimi Räikkönen by one point, including those for the most consecutive podium finishes from debut (9), the joint most wins in a debut season (4) and the most points in a debut season (109). Throughout the season, Hamilton and Alonso were involved in a number of incidents which resulted in tensions between both drivers and the team, culminating in Alonso and McLaren terminating their contract by mutual consent in November. Following a successful first season at McLaren, Hamilton signed a multi-million-pound contract to stay with the team until 2012.","Lewis Hamilton did not win the F1 world driver's championship in his rookie season in 2007. The title went to Kimi Räikkönen in the Ferrari team. Hamilton finished runner up, in second place, after a close battle with both Ferrari and his teammate Fernando Alonso.",summarization Define Part of Speech,,"In grammar, a part of speech or part-of-speech (abbreviated as POS or PoS, also known as word class or grammatical category) is a category of words (or, more generally, of lexical items) that have similar grammatical properties. Words that are assigned to the same part of speech generally display similar syntactic behavior (they play similar roles within the grammatical structure of sentences), sometimes similar morphological behavior in that they undergo inflection for similar properties and even similar semantic behavior. Commonly listed English parts of speech are noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, interjection, numeral, article, and determiner. Almost all languages have the word classes noun and verb, but beyond these two there are significant variations among different languages. For example: Japanese has as many as three classes of adjectives, where English has one. Chinese, Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese have a class of nominal classifiers. Many languages do not distinguish between adjectives and adverbs, or between adjectives and verbs. Because of such variation in the number of categories and their identifying properties, analysis of parts of speech must be done for each individual language. Nevertheless, the labels for each category are assigned on the basis of universal criteria",open_qa What does a reverse osmosis filter do?,,"A reverse osmosis filter is a fine grained small pore filter that is used in water filtration. The RO filter membrane reduces 99.9% of 1000+ contaminants down to 0.0001 microns. Some of the contaminants it removes are chlorine, lead, heavy metals, fluoride, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chloramine, total dissolved solids (TDS), limescale, and arsenic. A reverse osmosis membrane is a great way to make clean water at home if you are trying to get rid of bottled water consumption.",open_qa Who is known as The Invincibles in English football?,"In football, ""The Invincibles"" is a nickname used to refer to the Preston North End team of the 1888–89 season, managed by William Sudell, and the Arsenal team of the 2003–04 season managed by Arsène Wenger. Preston North End earned the nickname after completing an entire season undefeated in league and cup competition (27 games), while Arsenal were undefeated in the league (38 games) in a run that stretched to a record 49 games. The actual nickname of the Preston team was the ""Old Invincibles"" but both versions have been in use.",Preston North End & Arsenal Football Club,closed_qa What are the main components of Apache Spark based on the paragraph?,"Apache Spark requires a cluster manager and a distributed storage system. For cluster management, Spark supports standalone (native Spark cluster, where you can launch a cluster either manually or use the launch scripts provided by the install package. It is also possible to run these daemons on a single machine for testing), Hadoop YARN, Apache Mesos or Kubernetes. For distributed storage, Spark can interface with a wide variety, including Alluxio, Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), MapR File System (MapR-FS), Cassandra, OpenStack Swift, Amazon S3, Kudu, Lustre file system, or a custom solution can be implemented. Spark also supports a pseudo-distributed local mode, usually used only for development or testing purposes, where distributed storage is not required and the local file system can be used instead; in such a scenario, Spark is run on a single machine with one executor per CPU core.","Based on the paragraph, a cluster manager and a distributed storage are two main components of Apache Spark. For cluster manager, Spark supports a standalone cluster, or Hadoop YARN, Apache Mesos, or Kubernetes. For storage, Spark supports local file systems for development and testing, as well as Hadoop File System, Cassandra, and cloud storages",closed_qa What is a digital camera?,,A digital camera is a hand held device that captures images with a push of a button. These images are usually stored on a memory disk or card which can be downloaded to a computer at a later time. Digital cameras were also part of a revolution that replaced photographic film. Digital cameras use flashes when no natural light is available. They produce better picture quality than traditional photographic film cameras and there is no cost to develop pictures and print them in order to enjoy them.,open_qa How do you determine the severity of vulnerabilities.,,"The severity of vulnerabilities are commonly determined using the common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS). CVSS scores vulnerabilities from 0-10, with 10 being the most critical severity score.",open_qa What should you do in a zombie apocalypse?,,"Here are a few things you could do to stay safe in a zombie apocalypse: 1. Get a weapon 2. Grab a bunch of food 3. Get away from other people 4. Find a safe shelter",brainstorming Name the members of the band Phish,,"The band Phish started in Vermont in the 1980s. The current members of the band are Trey Anastasio, Mike Gordon, Jon Fishman, and Page McConnell. Jeff Holdsworth is a past member of the band. Others (Tom Marshall and Marc Daubert) have contributed to the band's songwriting but not as members of the band.",open_qa "Write a thoughtful letter to my mother-in-law asking her to move out of our house and in to a retirement community. Make sure to thank her for her help and be kind. She has lived with us for 5 years and helped us when our kids were little. We want her to move out in the next 6 months, and we will pay for her retirement home and care.",,"Dear [insert name], It has been great living with you for the last 5 years. When our kids were small, you helped care for them and made a big impact on their development. We could not have raised them without your help. Now that the kids are older, we want to make sure we are not slowing you down or keeping you from your retirement goals. In fact, we would love to return the favor you did for us, by helping you find a retirement community that you can enjoy and prosper in. We are happy to pay for all of the accommodations and ensure moving is as easy as possible. We think it is best to make this change in the next 6 months, and we will do everything we can to help you navigate this important transition, for you and for us. Love Always, [insert name]",creative_writing Based on the above passage name some of the companies which specialize in large-scale construction of the infrastructure to support oil field exploitation. Display the results in a comma separated format.,"An oil field is an area of accumulation of liquid oil underground in multiple (potentially linked) reservoirs, trapped as it rises by impermeable rock formations. In industrial terms, an oil field implies that there is economic benefit worthy of commercial attention. Oil fields themselves may extend up to several hundred kilometers across the surface, meaning that extraction efforts can be large and spread out across the area. In addition to extraction equipment, there may be exploratory wells probing the edges to find more reservoir area, pipelines to transport the oil elsewhere, and support facilities. Oil fields can occur anywhere that the geology of the underlying rock allows, meaning that certain fields can be far away from civilization, including at sea. Creating an operation at an oil field can be a logistically complex undertaking, as it involves not only the equipment associated with extraction and transportation, but infrastructure such as roads and housing for workers. This infrastructure has to be designed with the lifespan of the oil field in mind, as production can last many years. Several companies, such as Hill International, Bechtel, Esso, Weatherford International, Schlumberger Limited, Baker Hughes and Halliburton, have organizations that specialize in the large-scale construction of the infrastructure to support oil field exploitation.","Hill International, Bechtel, Esso, Weatherford International, Schlumberger Limited, Baker Hughes, Halliburton",information_extraction Extract the nationalities of the population of the Azores islands in Portugal. Separate them with a comma.,"The Azores were uninhabited when Portuguese navigators arrived in the early 15th century; settlement began in 1439 with migrants mostly from mainland Portugal and, to a lesser extent, Flemish, Spanish, French, Italians, Germans, Scottish, Jews, Moors and blacks from Guinea, Cape Verde and São Tomé.","Portuguese, Flemish, Spanish, French, Italians, Germans, Scottish, Jews, Moors, Blacks",information_extraction Write a monologue describing a young woman’s journey to self-actualization in America.,,"A young woman in America may feel a strong connection to her ancestors before her who fought tirelessly for the 19th Amendment to be added to the U.S. Constitution, protecting her right to vote, among many of the rights and liberties she enjoys today. She realizes that it’s because of them she can dream of a world of opportunities for herself beyond being a mother. A young, attractive woman in America will devote herself to proving she is more than a pretty face. Driven by ambition and overwhelmed with a duty to honor those who came before her, she will work hard to land the career of her dreams. When she does, one shouldn’t be surprised to see she has accidentally fallen asleep at her desk for the third time in one week and well past working hours. During her sleep, she will surely be dreaming of the day she finally makes it through all the hoops she will have had to jump through to finally achieve the American dream. It won’t be until her mid-20s or 30s that she will realize somewhere along the way her drive evolved into another entity entirely, one that made her single-minded and cold-hearted. She will realize that the emotional traits and feelings she denied herself for so long because she didn’t associate them with societal norms of success, were the traits that would eventually yield her the most power. When she does realize this is when she will have made a pivotal step toward her self-actualization. Depending on who she is, she will let her hair loose and swap her loafers for stilettos, unlocking a new level of confidence she didn’t realize was once weighed down by societal prejudices and expectations. She will occasionally use her good looks to her advantage because she will have the confidence to decide for herself which trials to endure and the grace to let herself have flaws. She will still worship the likes of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, but alongside them, she will find a soft spot for Cardi B and the confidence and pride her songs ignite in women and in their perception of their bodies. She will find a new respect for her friends who chose to work as stay-at-home moms, though that was not her path. A young, attractive woman in America might take inspiration from her ancestors on the kind of life she should lead, but she should be just as steadfast in her resolve to stay true to herself and the women of her own generation in pursuit of her goals.",creative_writing What is archaeology?,,"Archaeology is the study of past human cultures through the analysis of material culture. Archaeologists study where people lived, what they ate, social patterns, the types of structures they built and how people interacted with one another as well as the environment.",open_qa "Which of the following would be considered assets on a financial statement: Inventory, Revenue, Leases, Accounts Payable, Retained Earnings, Cash, Treasury Bills",,"Inventory, Cash, Treasury Bills",classification Extract the most recent owner from the following Wikipedia paragraph.,"Owners Further information: Category:Seattle Storm owners Barry and Ginger Ackerley, owners of the Seattle SuperSonics (2000–2001) Howard Schultz, owner of the Seattle SuperSonics (2001–2006) Clay Bennett, owner of the Seattle SuperSonics (2007) Force 10 Hoops LLC, composed of Dawn Trudeau, Lisa Brummel, Ginny Gilder (2008–present)","The current owner of the Seattle Storm is Force 10 Hoops LLC, which is composed of Dawn Trudeau, Lisa Brummel, Ginny Gilder. They have owned the Seattle Storm since 2008.",information_extraction Where can I buy leather pants for women?,,"You can find leather pants at a variety of retailers. For lower cost options, try stores like Zara, H&M, Old Navy, and Gap. If you have a higher price point, try stores like Nordstrom, Macy's, Abercrombie & Fitch, or online retailers Revolve or Lulus.",brainstorming In which year did the Portuguese first arrived in Brazil?,,The Portuguese first arrived in Brazil in the year of 1500.,open_qa "According to this paragraph, what are the ""Old Dorms"" at the University of Virginia?","The primary housing areas for first-year students are McCormick Road Dormitories, often called ""Old Dorms"", and Alderman Road Dormitories, often called ""New Dorms"". The 1970s-era Alderman Road Dorms are being fully replaced with brand new dormitory buildings in the same area. The replacements feature hall-style living arrangements with common areas and many modern amenities. Instead of being torn down and replaced like the original New Dorms, the Old Dorms will see a $105 million renovation project between 2017 and 2022. They were constructed in 1950, and are also hall-style constructions but with fewer amenities. The Old Dorms are closer to the students' classes.","The ""Old Dorms"" at the University of Virginia often refer to the primary housing area for first-year students on McCormick Road.",closed_qa How are tornadoes formed?,,"Tornadoes are rotating columns of air that is in contact with the ground. The catalyst that lead to tornadoes are temperature and humidity instability. Warm moist air near the ground, with cooler dry air at higher altitudes combined with wind shear, a change in wind speed and/or direction with height. This unstable airmass promotes the development of strong updrafts, while wind shear will further increase the strength of the updraft, and promotes the rotation from which tornadoes are produced. Tornado intensities are measured using the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale",open_qa What is the difference between bikepacking and bicycle touring?,,"The bikepacking movement became popular in the 2010s. Compared to traditional bike touring, which has been popular for decades, bikepackers typically carry less and lighter equipment. The lighter load makes it easier to ride off-road. However, the equipment, such as frame bags, is often more expensive than traditional panniers. Furthermore, the limited storage space of bikepacking setups promotes an even more minimalistic lifestyle.",open_qa Extract the beginning and ending term of António de Serpa Pimentel from the following text,"António de Serpa Pimentel (1825 in Coimbra – 1900) was Prime Minister of Portugal from 14 January to 11 October 1890. His term in office began as a reaction to the British ultimatum concerning Portuguese colonial policy in southeast Africa. The signing of the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty later that year, which was intended as a step to resolve the crisis, was viewed as further appeasement of a powerful Britain. This led to his resignation and the fall of his government.",António de Serpa Pimentel was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 14 January 1890 to 11 October 1890,information_extraction Given this paragraph about rain. How is rain formed?,"Rain is water droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth. It provides water for hydroelectric power plants, crop irrigation, and suitable conditions for many types of ecosystems.",Rain is water droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then fall under gravity,closed_qa What are some classic board games to play with the family?,,"Monopoly, Trivial Pursuit, Chess, Backgammon and Scrabble are timeless games suitable for the family.",brainstorming Is competition healthy?,,"Competition is prevalent everywhere in our society. Despite causing many people to feel stressed or pressured, competition is beneficial for challenging oneself, but it must be utilized properly. A common habitat of competition is in sports. Whether it be competing against another person, another team, or against time, sports push people to work harder, faster, and stronger. This athletic competition is good, because it is mutually beneficial for both parties. Both and all players are challenged physically, and thats are taught both the importance and, if they succeed, the rewards of hard work. Competition in sports is expected, However, the misuse of competitiveness has become common in academics. While competition in sports is expected, academics is meant to be more reflective. Competition between students for the highest marks can be good, as both will challenge each other, but often makes other students feel belittled and unworthy. Grades in particular are a measure of self-knowledge and hard work and should not be used to compare one student to another. This is where and how competition is often misused and its intentions misunderstood. Often this misused competition comes from pressure from peers, parents, and sometimes teachers. A common example is competition between siblings stimulated by parents: comparing the childrens looks, academie abilities, athleticism, and social awareness. This kind of abusive competition is more likely to create anxiety, insecurity, and depression for both siblings, revealing perhaps the most important condition for healthy competition: it has to come from yourself. Almost all negative experiences with competition stem from society around us, leading many to believe that the correct thing to do is compare students, siblings. children, employees, and more. But competition's true purpose is to inspiles oneself to work hard and take on new challenges. ""Forced"" competition doesn't allow a person to be in control of their goals. This is why Kohn felt ""caught on a treadmill,"" when being compared to others. The competition comes from within and motivates one to set, work for, and reach new goals. To prevent unhealthy competition, people should try to be more vocal about their goals and expectations about themselves. Encouragement, of course, is always nice so voicing your wishes is important. If parents, teachers, or bosses know what you expect from yourself. they can better encourage, support, and challenge you.",creative_writing How can I boost my energy levels throughout the day?,,"Here are ways you can boost your energy levels: - Get at least 8 hours of restful sleep - Eat healthy, minimally processes foods - Stay hydrated - Exercise regularly - Drink coffee or an energy drink",brainstorming What the the effects of houseplants?,"Houseplants do not have an appreciable effect on the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in normal home environments: it would require between 10 and 1000 houseplants per square meter to achieve the same level of VOC removal as occurs from passive exchange between indoor and outdoor air. The idea that houseplants have an appreciable effect on indoor air quality is largely based on the Clean Air Study conducted by NASA in the 1980s. The study tested plants in sealed chambers and with highly elevated levels of volatile organic compounds (specifically benzene, trichloroethylene and formaldehyde). It concluded that to the extent that houseplants improve air quality, the mechanism of action is microorganisms within the potting soil, rather than the plants themselves. Houseplants do have a statistically significant effect on the concentrations of both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in normal indoor environments, reducing carbon dioxide levels by 10-25% and carbon monoxide levels by up to 90%. The effect has been investigated by NASA for use in spacecraft. Plants also appear to increase the number and diversity of bacteria in homes, while reducing fungal diversity. They tend to increase humidity, reduce temperature swings, and reduce noise. There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. A critical review of the experimental literature concluded ""The reviewed studies suggest that indoor plants can provide psychological benefits such as stress-reduction and increased pain tolerance. However, they also showed substantial heterogeneity in methods and results. We therefore have strong reservations about general claims that indoor plants cause beneficial psychological changes. It appears that benefits are contingent on features of the context in which the indoor plants are encountered and on characteristics of the people encountering them.""","There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. Houseplants do have a statistically significant effect on the concentrations of both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in normal indoor environments. Plants also appear to increase the number and diversity of bacteria in homes, while reducing fungal diversity.They tend to increase humidity, reduce temperature swings, and reduce noise. There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. Indoor plants can provide psychological benefits such as stress-reduction and increased pain tolerance.",information_extraction Who is Artemis?,"In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Artemis (/ˈɑːrtɪmɪs/; Greek: Ἄρτεμις) is the goddess of the hunt, the wilderness, wild animals, nature, vegetation, childbirth, care of children, and chastity. She was heavily identified with Selene, the personification of the Moon, and Hecate, another lunar deity, and was thus regarded as one of the most prominent lunar deities in mythology, alongside the aforementioned two. She would often roam the forests of Greece, attended by her large entourage, mostly made up of nymphs, some mortals, and hunters. The goddess Diana is her Roman equivalent.","In Greek mythology, Artemis is the goddess of hunt, wild animals and vegetation.",closed_qa Name four colleges in the Boston area.,,"Four colleges in the Boston Area are Harvard, MIT, Boston University, and Boston College.",open_qa What is Szalay doing these days?,"István Szalay (22 March 1944 – 1 September 2022) was a Hungarian mathematician and politician. A member of the Hungarian Socialist Party, he served in the National Assembly from 1998 to 2002. Prior to that, he was mayor of Szeged from 1994 to 1998. Szalay died on 1 September 2022, at the age of 78.","Sadly, István Szalay passed away on 1 September 2022, at the age of 78. And hence to answer your question, he is dead and does't exists anymore.",closed_qa What is Dividend?,,"If a company has profits to share out, it can pay a dividend. The shareholders get so much dividend for each share they own.",open_qa What is an office space?,,"An office space is a room or group of rooms in a building that a company or entity can own or rent for activities such as business activities. Each office space can be a single person work area with a phone, computer, headset, keyboard and mouse. These office space items are use for working and collaborated with other co-workers in other office spaces. Office spaces may also be converted into storage space or other group collaboration spaces too.",open_qa "Based on this passage, extract a list of the conditions associated with asthma and separate with commas.","A number of other health conditions occur more frequently in people with asthma, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), rhinosinusitis, and obstructive sleep apnea. Psychological disorders are also more common, with anxiety disorders occurring in between 16 and 52% and mood disorders in 14–41%. It is not known whether asthma causes psychological problems or psychological problems lead to asthma. Current asthma, but not former asthma, is associated with increased all-cause mortality, heart disease mortality, and chronic lower respiratory tract disease mortality. Asthma, particularly severe asthma, is strongly associated with development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Those with asthma, especially if it is poorly controlled, are at increased risk for radiocontrast reactions. Cavities occur more often in people with asthma. This may be related to the effect of beta 2 agonists decreasing saliva. These medications may also increase the risk of dental erosions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma","GERD, rhinosinusitis, obstructive sleep apnea, psychological disorders including anxiety and mood disorders, all-cause mortality, heart disease mortality and chronic lower respiratory tract disease mortality, COPD, radiocontrast reactions, cavities",information_extraction Who is the only US president elected from Pennsylvania?,,"James Buchanan, the 15th President of the United States.",open_qa what are the 5 skandhas?,"Skandhas (Sanskrit) or khandhas (Pāḷi) means ""heaps, aggregates, collections, groupings"". In Buddhism, it refers to the five aggregates of clinging (Pañcupādānakkhandhā), the five material and mental factors that take part in the rise of craving and clinging. They are also explained as the five factors that constitute and explain a sentient being’s person and personality, but this is a later interpretation in response to sarvastivadin essentialism. The five aggregates or heaps of clinging are: 1. form (or material image, impression) (rupa) 2. sensations (or feelings, received from form) (vedana) 3. perceptions (samjna) 4. mental activity or formations (sankhara) 5. consciousness (vijnana).","The five skhandas are form, sensations, perceptions, mental activity and consciousness",closed_qa "Given a polynomial x^2 + 2x + 1, what is x?",,x is equal to -1,open_qa What is radioactive decay?,"Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is considered radioactive. Three of the most common types of decay are alpha decay (α-decay), beta decay (β-decay), and gamma decay (γ-decay), all of which involve emitting one or more particles. The weak force is the mechanism that is responsible for beta decay, while the other two are governed by the electromagnetism and nuclear force. A fourth type of common decay is electron capture, in which an unstable nucleus captures an inner electron from one of the electron shells. The loss of that electron from the shell results in a cascade of electrons dropping down to that lower shell resulting in emission of discrete X-rays from the transitions. A common example is iodine-125 commonly used in medical settings.","Radioactive decay is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. It is also known by terms such as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration.",summarization What is a proper noun?,,"A proper noun is a noun that identifies an entity and is used to reference that entity. For example, India is a proper noun.",open_qa In which country is the town of Kirchenlamitz located?,"Kirchenlamitz is a town in the district of Wunsiedel, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated in the Fichtelgebirge, 13 km northwest of Wunsiedel and 19 km south of Hof.",Germany,closed_qa "Tell me which of the following are NBA teams: Knicks, Thunder, Kings, Lizards, Sparrows, Hawks, Warriors, Gladiators.",,"Knicks, Thunder, Kings, Hawks, Warriors.",classification A dialogue between two characters discussing the impact of social media on their lives. Both positive and negative points,,"Person 1: Hey, what happened? Why are you sad? Person 2: I'm sad because my grades are low. Person 1: But you used always study on your iPad... where did you go wrong? Person 2: Yeh... I was using my iPad but didn't study… I was engaging myself in other things. Person 1: Ohh..! That isn't good. See, my friend, multitasking has become a common thing in our life. But we should know how to manage it all. We are too dependent on smartphones for everything like work, school, shopping and personal life. We are addicted to smartphones, the internet and social media Social media is harming us in many ways like * It is stealing our personal life Increase of cybercrime and cyberbullying. Depression anxiety in children *Addiction to games on other social networking sites. * Causes emotional damage to a person, which leads to suicide. * Mental illness. , etc. But on the other hand, there are some positive aspects to note as well Internet and social media help families stay connected It helps in online banking and paying bills. And It helps in online learning and remote working It can be an effective tool for marketing 5. Information seeking So, my dear friend internet and social media have their own merits and demerits. Use it wisely and for a good cause.",creative_writing Write a letter to your friend expressing your feelings about earning your first wage.,,"Dear Cooper, I hope you have been in good health since we last spoke. I'm excited to inform you that I've just finished my first month of employment with AMG Auto Motors and received my first pay check. The amazing feeling of being paid for my hard work is truly surreal. I feel fortunate to have found a job that pays well for doing something I genuinely enjoy. I hope to save enough money now to buy a car to plan a trip together. Best regard, Simon.",creative_writing Where is Pleasanton?,"Pleasanton is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. Located in the Amador Valley, it is a suburb in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. The population was 79,871 at the 2020 census. In 2005 and 2007, Pleasanton was ranked the wealthiest middle-sized city in the United States by the Census Bureau. Pleasanton is home to the headquarters of Safeway, Workday, Ellie Mae, Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Blackhawk Network Holdings, and Veeva Systems. Other major employers include Kaiser Permanente, Oracle and Macy's. Although Oakland is the Alameda County seat, a few county offices are located in Pleasanton. The Alameda County Fairgrounds are located in Pleasanton, where the county fair is held during the last week of June and the first week of July. Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park is located on the west side of town.","Pleasanton is city in California, United States. It is located about 30-45 miles east of San Francisco. It is known for being Headquarter for multiple tech companies like veeva, workday and safeway.",summarization Which is a species of fish? Sneaker or Sole,,Sole,classification What is the hottest planet in the solar system?,,"Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system. Its surface is hotter than the inside of an oven. Venus is covered in a blanket of thick, yellow gas, 96.5% Carbon Dioxide, which traps heat from the Sun without letting it escape. Hence Venus can't cool down.",open_qa Give a list of possible reasons why couples would divorce,,People grow apart; difference of opinions on where to live; financial stress; wanting different things in life; infidelity; different approaches to parenting; falling out of love; differing stances on having children; difficult relationships with in-laws; different views on parenting and parenting styles,brainstorming What is the PGA Championship?,The PGA Championship (often referred to as the US PGA Championship or USPGA outside the United States) is an annual golf tournament conducted by the Professional Golfers' Association of America. It is one of the four men's major championships in professional golf.,"The PGA Championship (often referred to as the US PGA Championship or USPGA outside the United States) is an annual golf tournament conducted by the Professional Golfers' Association of America. It is one of the four men's major championships in professional golf. It was formerly played in mid-August on the third weekend before Labor Day weekend, serving as the fourth and final men's major of the golf season. Beginning in 2019, the tournament is played in May on the weekend before Memorial Day, as the season's second major following the Masters Tournament in April. It is an official money event on the PGA Tour, European Tour, and Japan Golf Tour, with a purse of $11 million for the 100th edition in 2018. In line with the other majors, winning the PGA gains privileges that improve career security. PGA champions are automatically invited to play in the other three majors (Masters Tournament, U.S. Open, and The Open Championship) and The Players Championship for the next five years, and are eligible for the PGA Championship for life. They receive membership on the PGA Tour for the following five seasons and on the European Tour for the following seven seasons. The PGA Championship is the only one of the four majors that is exclusively for professional players. The PGA Championship has been held at various venues. Some of the early sites are now quite obscure, but in recent years, the event has generally been played at a small group of celebrated courses.",summarization What is mitosis,,"A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the ""parent"" chromosome.",creative_writing Can you describe what team effectiveness is?,"Team effectiveness (also referred to as group effectiveness) is the capacity a team has to accomplish the goals or objectives administered by an authorized personnel or the organization. A team is a collection of individuals who are interdependent in their tasks, share responsibility for outcomes, and view themselves as a unit embedded in an institutional or organizational system which operates within the established boundaries of that system. Teams and groups have established a synonymous relationship within the confines of processes and research relating to their effectiveness (i.e. group cohesiveness, teamwork) while still maintaining their independence as two separate units, as groups and their members are independent of each other's role, skill, knowledge or purpose versus teams and their members, who are interdependent upon each other's role, skill, knowledge and purpose.","Team effectiveness is the capacity a team has to achieve the goals set for that team. Teams are considered more or less effective based on their ability to achieve their goals and objectives. Teams are comprised of individuals who are interdependent in their tasks, share responsibility for outcomes, and view themselves as a unit embedded in an institutional or organizational system which operates within the boundaries of that system.",summarization What is Easter?,,"Easter is Christian holiday that reminds us of Jesus getting raised from the dead or the resurrection of Jesus. This is described in the Bible in the New Testament happening on the third day after his crucifixion. The Romans were the one's responsible for the Crucifixion. Easter is commemorated with fasting, and an Easter Egg hunt for the kids on Easter Sunday.",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the two forms of energy transfer and list them in bullets.","The First Law of thermodynamics is a formulation of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic processes. A simple formulation is: ""The total energy in a system remains constant, although it may be converted from one form to another."" Another common phrasing is that ""energy can neither be created nor destroyed"" (in a ""closed system""). While there are many subtleties and implications that may be more precisely captured in more complex formulations, this is the essential principle of the First Law. It distinguishes in principle two forms of energy transfer: heat, and thermodynamic work, for a system of a constant amount of matter. The law also defines the internal energy of a system, an extensive property for taking account of the balance of energies in the system.","The two forms of energy transfer are: - Heat - Thermodynamic work",information_extraction Give me a list of the top 5 things I should do to prepare for a holiday abroad,,"1. Review the travel advice from your government for your destination countries 2. Consult a medical professional to ensure that you receive the appropriate vaccinations and medications for your destination countries 3. Research and take out the appropriate level of travel insurance to cover your trip 4. Ensure that your passport is valid for at least the next 6-12 months 5. Research the culture and customs of your destination countries",brainstorming "When buying a whole fish, how do you pick a good fish?",,"To pick a good, fresh fish, I would look for three characteristics: clear eyes, red gills, and firm flesh. Fresh fish generally have clear and not bloody eyes, gills that have a relatively brighter red color. In addition, I would also poke the fish to see if their flesh feels firm to the touch.",open_qa What are nice things to do for someone on their birthday?,,"Ideas for nice things that you could do for someone on their birthday include serving them breakfast in bed, sending them a text message, sending them a birthday card, baking them a birthday cake, giving them a gift, taking them out for a meal, or doing an activity with them that they enjoy.",open_qa How much is in a baker's dozen?,,"A baker's dozen is not 12, it is 13. There is a story for the origin of this practice that dates back to medieval times and bakers throwing in an extra roll or loaf of bread, to avoid being found guilty of cheating their customers based on prices vs quantity of wheat flour sold. In modern times, the practice is more about generosity of your baker; though you might not find a baker who actually gives you 13 when you pay for a dozen donuts.",open_qa "Was the Pixie Lott song ""Mama Do"" ever the #1 single?","""Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh)"" debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, selling 58,840 downloads in its first week. Lott described her reaction upon learning the song reached number one: ""I was in bed at my mum and dad's, where I still live, in Brentwood, Essex. I was on the laptop, and I got a phone call from my A&R man. He really dragged it out. I said, 'Please put me out of my misery.' And he said, 'I'm really, really sorry but... you're No 1!' I spent the rest of the day running around the house, screaming."" The single was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on 28 August 2009 for sales in excess of 200,000 copies. Exactly 11 years later, on 28 August 2020, the certification was upgraded to gold for sales and streams of over 400,000. As a result of the single's popularity at the time, the single's iTunes B-side, ""Use Somebody"", debuted and peaked, during the single's release week, on the UK Singles Chart at number 52 on sales of 4,409 downloads. The single also had considerable success outside the UK, reaching the top 10 in Denmark and France, and the top 20 in Ireland, Netherlands and New Zealand.","""Mama Do"" debuted at #1 on the UK Singles Chart in its first week and also was successful outside the UK, appearing in the Top 10 in Denmark and France and the Top 20 in Ireland, the Netherlands, and New Zealand. The British Phonographic Industry certified it as Silver the same year it was released and upgraded the certification to Gold eleven years later.",summarization Which of the other locations mentioned in this article is closest to Rudzk Duży?,"Rudzk Duży [ˈrut͡sk ˈduʐɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piotrków Kujawski, within Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Piotrków Kujawski, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Radziejów, and 59 km (37 mi) south of Toruń.",Piotrków Kujawski. Rudzk Duży is closest to Piotrków Kujawski.,closed_qa Name few motivation tips and techniques for learning,,"Set clear goals: Provide someone with clear and specific goals that are challenging but achievable. This can give them a sense of purpose and direction, and help them stay focused on what they need to accomplish. Offer feedback and recognition: Regularly provide feedback and recognition to let someone know that their efforts are noticed and appreciated. This can help boost their confidence and morale, and motivate them to continue performing at a high level. Provide opportunities for growth and development: Offer someone opportunities to learn new skills, take on new challenges, and grow professionally. This can help them stay engaged and motivated, and feel like they are progressing in their career. Create a positive work environment: Foster a positive work environment that is supportive, collaborative, and respectful. This can help someone feel valued and connected to their work, and motivated to contribute to the team's success. Provide autonomy and trust: Give someone the autonomy and trust they need to make decisions and take ownership of their work. This can help them feel empowered and invested in their work, and motivated to take on new challenges. Offer incentives and rewards: Provide someone with incentives and rewards, such as bonuses, promotions, or other perks, to recognize and reward their hard work and achievements. Encourage teamwork and collaboration: Foster a culture of teamwork and collaboration, where people are encouraged to work together and support one another. This can help build camaraderie and motivation, and create a sense of shared purpose.",brainstorming "Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Dodge, Volkswagen",,"Dodge is American, Volkswagen is German",classification Where is the Rudka County,"Rudka [ˈrutka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzcianka, within Czarnków-Trzcianka County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Trzcianka, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Czarnków, and 72 km (45 mi) north-west of the regional capital Poznań.","Rudka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzcianka, within Czarnków-Trzcianka County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Trzcianka, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Czarnków, and 72 km (45 mi) north-west of the regional capital Poznań.",summarization Where is Meherpur Sadar,,"Meherpur Sadar (Bengali: মেহেরপুর সদর) is an upazila of Meherpur District in the Division of Khulna, Bangladesh. Meherpur is the smallest district of Bangladesh in the South-western part within the Khulna Division. Before the partition in 1947, Meherpur was a part of the Nadia district of undivided India. Before 1984, it was a subdivision of Kushtia district. Meherpur consists of 1 municipality, 9 wards and 72 mahallas, 3 upazilas, 18 union parishads, 277 villages, 190 mouzas. The upazilas are Meherpur Sadar, Gangni and Mujibnagar.",open_qa Does the position of a dog's tail communicate how it is feeling?,,"Yes, the position of a dog's tail will communicate how the dog is feeling. For example, if a dog's tail wags back and forth, the dog feels relaxed. If a dog's tail is standing straight up, the dog is alert and tense. When a dog's tail is tucked down low, it is nervous. If the dog's tail is moving in circles, the dog is happy.",open_qa Write a friendly complaint to an airline service about a poor experience with multiple issues and ask for points.,,"To whom it may concern; as a loyal member to your airline alliance, I was disappointed in the multiple issues I experienced on a recent flight. Your airline usually provides me with an exceptional experience but unfortunately this last travel journey was below par. Firstly, my seat was broken and unable to recline. Given this was a red eye flight where I was hoping to get some rest, this limited my ability to do so. Secondly, the Wifi I paid for was out for 4 out of 6 hours of the trip. So while awake without recline, I was unable to use that time effectively to email or communicate with friends and family. Lastly, my checked bag took 45 minutes at the carousel. I know you have a policy where it should be 20 minutes or less. I really enjoy flying with you and would like to hope this was a stroke of bad luck, and not reflective of your customer service and typical experience. I would appreciate as a goodwill 10,000 points into my account to make things right. I hope you consider my request. Kind regards",creative_writing What is data engineering?,,"Data engineering deals with building systems and process that bring data together and serve that data up to the business. They ingest data, transform, data, apply data quality rules, and prepare finalized cleaned datasets for use by the business to get insights. Data engineers have to be strong developers as well if data engineering has to be done using a programming language like Python.",open_qa What is refinancing?,,"Refinancing is the replacement of an existing debt obligation with another debt obligation under a different term and interest rate. The terms and conditions of refinancing may vary widely by country, province, or state, based on several economic factors such as inherent risk, projected risk, political stability of a nation, currency stability, banking regulations, borrower's credit worthiness, and credit rating of a nation. In many industrialized nations, common forms of refinancing include primary residence mortgages and car loans.",open_qa "What are some fun activities to do in Charlotte, NC?",,"Charlotte is the most-visited city in the state, attracting 28.3 million visitors in 2018. Fun area attractions include Carolina Panthers NFL football team and Charlotte Hornets basketball team, Carowinds amusement park, Charlotte Motor Speedway, U.S. National Whitewater Center, Discovery Place, Great Wolf Lodge, Sea Life Aquarium, Bechtler Museum of Modern Art, Billy Graham Library, Carolinas Aviation Museum, Harvey B. Gantt Center for African-American Arts + Culture, Levine Museum of the New South, McColl Center for Art + Innovation, Mint Museum, and the NASCAR Hall of Fame.",creative_writing Who is Ted Lasso in the eponymous TV show?,"Ted Lasso is an American sports comedy-drama television series developed by Jason Sudeikis, Bill Lawrence, Brendan Hunt and Joe Kelly, based on a character Sudeikis first portrayed in a series of promos for NBC Sports' coverage of England's Premier League. The show follows Ted Lasso, an American college football coach who is hired to coach an English soccer team with the secret intention that his inexperience will lead it to failure, but whose folksy, optimistic leadership proves unexpectedly successful.","The show follows Ted Lasso, an American college football coach who is hired to coach an English soccer team with the secret intention that his inexperience will lead it to failure,",closed_qa "Categorize the below types of animals based on whether they are domestic or non-domestic dog, cat, badgers, cougars",,"domestic : dog, cat non-domestic : badgers, cougars",classification Tell me some facts about hemoglobin with the given text as a reference,"Hemoglobin (haemoglobin in British English), abbreviated Hb or Hgb, is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein present in red blood cells (erythrocytes) of almost all vertebrates (the exception being the fish family  Channichthyidae ) as well as the tissues of some invertebrates.Hemoglobin in blood carries oxygen from the respiratory organs (e.g. lungs or gills) to the rest of the body (i.e. tissues). There it releases the oxygen to permit aerobic respiration to provide energy to power functions of an organism in the process called metabolism. A healthy individual human has 12 to 20 grams of hemoglobin in every 100 mL of blood.","1. Hemoglobin/Hb/Hgb is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein which is present in red blood cells (erythrocytes) of almost all vertebrates (the exception being the fish family  Channichthyidae ) as well as the tissues of some invertebrates 2. Hemoglobin carries oxygen in blood from respiratory organs (e.g. lungs or gills) to rest of the body(i.e. tissue). 3. Metablolism is the energy to power functions of an organism. Hemoglobin releases the oxygen to permit aerobic respiration . 4. Healthy human have 12 to 25 grams of hemoglobin in every 100 mL of blood.",summarization What ancient organization invented the concept of Democracy?,,Democracy was invented by the Ancient Greeks,open_qa What's West High School located?,"West High School is a public high school located on the west side of Columbus, Ohio, in the Westgate neighborhood in the Hilltop area. It is a part of Columbus City Schools. History Due to overcrowding at Central High School in 1890s, a section of students split and were moved to another location, setting the foundation for what would become three new schools, including West High School. Designed by the first architect of Columbus schools, David Riebel, the Neo-Classical Revival style building was constructed in 1908 and opened in 1909 on South Central Avenue. The building became Starling Middle School when the new West High School opened. The new West High School opened in 1929. It was designed by prominent Ohio architect Howard Dwight Smith who also designed Ohio Stadium. West High School continues today at its current location at 179 South Powell Avenue. In August 2016, the cupola was removed because it was deemed unstable and a new cupola was installed and celebrated with a lighting ceremony in 2018. The school colors are buff and brown. The school nickname is the Cowboys.","The West High School is located on the west side of Columbus, Ohio, more specifically on 179 South Powell Avenue.",closed_qa What was the result of the Emancipation Proclamation?,,The Emancipation Proclamation changed the legal status of slaves in the USA from enslaved to free.,open_qa What are the four largest British Virgin Islands?,,"Tortola, Anegada, Virgin Gorda, and Jost Van Dyke",open_qa How should I prioritize my time?,,"There's many ways to do this. A good rule of thumb is - how you spend your time should reflect your priorities. So I'd recommend - List out your highest priority goals in the part(s) of your life you're looking to optimize your time eg: time for yourself, time with family, time with friends, time at work etc - Do a sanity check on how you spend your time currently and see if it is out of alignment. You'll then know where to make adjustments - Periodically (eg: every few months), repeat this exercise to course correct as things change in your life",brainstorming "Which of the following are flowers: roses, peonies, worms, carnations, tulips, dirt, lavender, and sunflowers?",,"Roses, peonies, carnations, tulips, lavender, and sunflowers are flowers. Worms and dirt are not flowers.",classification Summarize the following paragraph about modern fighter jets,"Currently the cutting edge of fighter design, fifth-generation fighters are characterized by being designed from the start to operate in a network-centric combat environment, and to feature extremely low, all-aspect, multi-spectral signatures employing advanced materials and shaping techniques. They have multifunction AESA radars with high-bandwidth, low-probability of intercept (LPI) data transmission capabilities. The infra-red search and track sensors incorporated for air-to-air combat as well as for air-to-ground weapons delivery in the 4.5th generation fighters are now fused in with other sensors for Situational Awareness IRST or SAIRST, which constantly tracks all targets of interest around the aircraft so the pilot need not guess when he glances. These sensors, along with advanced avionics, glass cockpits, helmet-mounted sights (not currently on F-22), and improved secure, jamming-resistant LPI datalinks are highly integrated to provide multi-platform, multi-sensor data fusion for vastly improved situational awareness while easing the pilot's workload. Avionics suites rely on extensive use of very high-speed integrated circuit (VHSIC) technology, common modules, and high-speed data buses. Overall, the integration of all these elements is claimed to provide fifth-generation fighters with a ""first-look, first-shot, first-kill capability"".","Fifth-generation fighter jets take advantage of variety of technological advancements, new materials and design principals to give pilots comprehensive, early visibility of all potential threats while minimizing their own detectability.",summarization What are a couple of good ideas to celebrate a spring birthday for an adult?,,"There are many ways to celebrate a birthday for an adult in the spring. One could host a BBQ, either at home or at a park with BBQ pits. Another idea would be to have a picnic in a local park. If weather doesn't permit an outside activity, meeting with friends for brunch or dinner is another nice way to celebrate a birthday. For an activity that doesn't involve other people, treating oneself to a massage or spa treatment is another way to celebrate a birthday.",brainstorming What is the 149th Boat Race?,"The 149th Boat Race took place on 6 April 2003. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford (in dark blue) and Cambridge (in light greenish blue) along a 4.2-mile (6.8 km) tidal stretch of the River Thames in south-west London. The lead changed twice during the race, which Oxford won by one foot (30 cm), the smallest margin of victory in the history of the event. The close race has been described as ""epic,"" while Olympic gold medalist Steve Redgrave suggested that the race was the ""greatest we will see in our lifetimes.""","The 149th Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race along a 4.2 mile tidal stretch of the River Thames in south-west London that took place on April 6th, 2003 between the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge.",information_extraction What is Daylight savings time?,,"As the name suggests, Daylight savings time is a change in time during the spring and the fall. The reasoning behind it was that people would enjoy having more daylight hours while awake.",open_qa "Based on this passage, please extract the names of the countries where TSMC has semiconductor fabrication (or ""fab"") facilities and separate them by commas.","Apart from its main base of operations in Hsinchu in Northern Taiwan, where several of its fab facilities are located, it also has leading-edge fabs in Southern Taiwan and Central Taiwan, with other fabs located at its subsidiaries TSMC China in Shanghai, China, WaferTech in Washington state, United States, and SSMC in Singapore, and it has offices in China, Europe, India, Japan, North America, and South Korea.","Taiwan, China, United States, Singapore",information_extraction "Given a reference text about the Kumanichi Road Race, tell me when the race was first held and who holds the course records.","The Kumanichi Road Race (Japanese: 熊本30K) is an annual road running competition over 30 kilometres which is typically held in February in Kumamoto, Japan. It was first held in 1957 as a men-only competition. A women's race was introduced in 2006. The race is one of the world's most prominent over the uncommon 30K distance. A total of eight Association of Road Racing Statisticians-recognised men's world records have been set at the competition, including the current world record. The course records are held by Takayuki Matsumiya (1:28:00) and Yuka Hakoyama (1:43:26). It is mostly contested by Japanese athletes, with Kenya's Willy Kangogo becoming the event's sole non-national winner in 2007.",The Kumanichi Road Race was first held in 1957. Takayuki Matsumiya and Yuka Hakoyama hold the course records.,closed_qa What does a biological anthropologist study?,"An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology. Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology, cultural anthropology and philosophical anthropology study the norms and values of societies. Linguistic anthropology studies how language affects social life, while economic anthropology studies human economic behavior. Biological (physical), forensic and medical anthropology study the biological development of humans, the application of biological anthropology in a legal setting and the study of diseases and their impacts on humans over time, respectively.",A biological anthropologist studies the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings over time.,summarization Please restate this information using simple or non-scientific language wherever possible,"Although phylogenetically closer to felines and viverrids, as part of suborder Feliformia, hyenas are behaviourally and morphologically similar to canids in several elements due to convergent evolution: both hyenas and canines are non-arboreal, cursorial hunters that catch prey with their teeth rather than claws. Both eat food quickly and may store it, and their calloused feet with large, blunt, nonretractable claws are adapted for running and making sharp turns. However, hyenas' grooming, scent marking, defecation habits, mating and parental behavior are consistent with the behavior of other feliforms.","Hyenas are more closely related to cats, genets, and civets than they are to dogs. Nevertheless, hyenas act and look more like dogs than they do cats. They have a number of evolutionary changes that make them look and act like dogs. Hyenas don't climb trees, and they run after their prey and catch them with their teeth. They do have some behaviors still that are more like cats, but mostly around parenting and grooming.",summarization "If you were a waiter and had a rude customer, what would you do?",,"If I was a waiter and had a rude customer, first I would see what I could do to help the customer. I would try to get to the bottom of this customer's needs by asking questions to understand if they were unhappy with the service or just having a bad day. If I was able to help improve the service we were offering, I would attempt to rectify the situation. If the person was just having a bad day, I would try to make it make their day better by offering better service. I would also understand that sometimes people are rude, and I would not let it impact my day. Its better to put good vibes into the world and provide great service.",creative_writing what is Asia,"Asia (/ˈeɪʒə/ (listen), also UK: /ˈeɪʃə/) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometers, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area.","Asia (/ˈeɪʒə/ (listen), also UK: /ˈeɪʃə/) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometers, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Its 4.7 billion people constitute roughly 60% of the world's population, having more people than all other continents combined.",summarization What is the study of semiconductors?,"Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes, sensors and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes digital switching possible, and electronics is widely used in information processing, telecommunications, and signal processing. Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed components into a regular working system. Today, most electronic devices use semiconductor components to perform electron control. The underlying principles that explain how semiconductors work are studied in solid state physics, whereas the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems are part of electronics engineering.",The underlying principles that explain how semiconductors work are studied in solid state physics.,information_extraction What should I check when planning a trip?,,"In addition to the usual items like air tickets, accommodation, sightseeing spots, visa requirements, travel restrictions, ... you should also check some of these depending on where you’re heading: - Monsoon season if for example traveling to Southeast Asia. It tends to rain more during this season which may impact the activities you can do or the road conditions. Keep in mind that the monsoon season varies across countries and even across regions of the same country. - Major holidays: Including public holidays, festivals, school holidays. These impact the opening hours and the crowd at sightseeing spots. Check the major holidays in neighbouring countries as well. For example, long holidays in Australia may affect the crowd in Bali, Indonesia as a popular travel destination, or the Golden week in Japan means that a lot of locals would travel around Japan. - Major events: Including popular festivals and major sport events. You are either interested in some of these events so you may want to plan your trip to attend those or you may want to avoid them as finding accommodation and air tickets can be more difficult and more expensive. For example, it is more difficult to travel to Melbourne during the Australian Open. - Natural phenomena: Such as the cyclone season in Fiji or the jellyfish season in Cairns, Australia.",open_qa How do I choose a new phone?,,"There are many options when choosing a new smartphone. Many boil down to personal preference, but you should always look at your own personal needs and weigh those against the pros and cons of each phone. Some of the main things that people look for when choosing a new phone are: - Price - Camera Quality - Battery Life - Ease of Use - Speed - Connectivity (WiFi, Bluetooth, and Cellular Data) Some other things to consider are the ecosystem of services you may already use (e.g. Apple ID or Google accounts), and how long you expect to need to use the device for (longevity). In general, more expensive mobile hardware will last longer than lest costly devices.",brainstorming Where is the Kilwa Tanga,"Kilwa is an administrative ward in Kilindi District of Tanga Region in Tanzania. The ward covers an area of 153 km2 (59 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 858 m (2,815 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 6,835.","Kilwa is an administrative ward in Kilindi District of Tanga Region in Tanzania. The ward covers an area of 153 km2 (59 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 858 m (2,815 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 6,835.",closed_qa What is the name of William Gibson's first comic book series?,"Archangel, also written as William Gibson Archangel or William Gibson's Archangel, is a five-issue limited series comic book that was created by William Gibson and Michael St. John Smith, written by William Gibson, illustrated by Butch Guice and story-edited by Michael Benedetto. It is Gibson's first comic book series, which is set in an alternative version of 2016 in which the Vice President of America travels back in time to 1945 to secure power. IDW Publishing first released Archangel from May 2016 to August 2017, then in October as a hardcover graphic novel. It was nominated for an Eisner Award for Best Limited Series and was adapted into an audio play that was released by Audible.",Archangel,closed_qa What were the primary motivations for the Dual Alliance?,"The Dual Alliance (German: Zweibund, Hungarian: Kettős Szövetség) was a defensive alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary, which was created by treaty on October 7, 1879, as part of Germany's Otto von Bismarck's system of alliances to prevent or limit war. The two powers promised each other support in case of attack by Russia. Also, each state promised benevolent neutrality to the other if one of them was attacked by another European power (generally taken to be France, even more so after the Franco-Russian Alliance of 1894). Bismarck saw the alliance as a way to prevent the isolation of the German Empire, which had just been founded a few years before, and to preserve peace, as Russia would not wage war against both empires. Formation When Austria-Hungary and Germany formed an alliance in 1879, it was one of the more surprising alliances of its time. Though both shared the German language and a similar culture, Austria-Hungary and Germany were often driven apart, most notably during the recent Austro-Prussian War. Additionally, the Habsburg rulers believed that the promotion of nationalism, which was favoured by Germany, would destroy their multinational empire. However, their common distrust of Russia brought both empires together for a common cause.",The primary motivations for the alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary were peacemaking and protection. The alliance ensured that both Germany and Austria-Hungary would be safe from attack by Russia. The alliance also promoted peace between the two countries and other European powers.,summarization Where did the 1951 French legislative election take place,"Elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Somaliland on 17 June 1951 as part of the wider French parliamentary elections. Edmond Magendie was elected as the territory's MP, defeating the incumbent Jean-Carles Martine.","The elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Somaliland on 17 June 1951 as part of the wider French parliamentary elections. Edmond Magendie was elected as the territory's MP, defeating the incumbent Jean-Carles Martine.",summarization Tell me a number of ways that one could entertain a small group of 6 year old children.,,"There are a quite a few ways in which to entertain a group of young children depending on their interests. Most children enjoy games, so you could find some age-appropriate board games and help them to understand the rules and play through the game. Alternatively, if you have space, you could have them play hide-and-go-seek indoors or outside, or alternatively games like 'suck in the mud' are fun for outdoor activity. For something quieter, you could find some rolls of butchers paper and drawing tools or paints and provide a theme for children to paint a mural together.",brainstorming What is Prometheus?,,Prometheus is an open-source system for monitoring services and alerts based on a time series data model. Prometheus collects data and metrics from different services and stores them according to a unique identifier—the metric name—and a time stamp.,open_qa Imagine you're planning a ski trip with your friends. What are some good areas to go skiing?,,"There are many skiing spots around the world with various levels of difficulty. Some of the most well-known ski areas in the world are in North America, including in Whistler, BC, Lake Tahoe, CA, Park City, UT, various resorts in Colorado, and Mont Tremblant, Quebec.",creative_writing When was Telangana created?,"Telangana (/ˌtɛlənˈɡɑːnə/ (listen); Telugu: [ˈtelaŋɡaːɳa], Urdu: [ˈtɪləŋɡɑːna] (listen)) is a state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the eleventh-largest state and the twelfth-most populated state in India with a geographical area of 112,077 km2 (43,273 sq mi) and 35,193,978 residents as per 2011 census. On 2 June 2014, the area was separated from the northwestern part of Andhra Pradesh as the newly formed state of Telangana, with Hyderabad as its capital. Its other major cities include Warangal, Nizamabad, Khammam, Karimnagar and Ramagundam. Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north, Chhattisgarh to the northeast, Karnataka to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south. The terrain of Telangana consists mostly of the Deccan Plateau with dense forests covering an area of 27,292 km2 (10,538 sq mi). As of 2019, the state of Telangana is divided into 33 districts.",2014,closed_qa What is data denormalization in data warehouse?,,"Denormalize the data, which means adding redundant columns to some dimension tables to make querying and working with the data faster and easier. The purpose is to trade some redundancy (duplication of data) in the data model for increased query speed, by avoiding computationally expensive join operations.",open_qa Why wasn't the Treaty of Versailles effective?,,"The Treaty of Versailles was created almost vindictively by the West since they were seeking justice from Germany. This caused major social and economic problems in Germany as they were not only forced to take blame and return territories, but also pay large reparations to Britain and France. These harsh terms inevitably led to World War II, as bitter and resentful German citizens were easily swayed by Hitler's promises of revenge. The Allies attempt to restrict Germany’s power also failed, as they used a strategy of appeasement when Hitler tried to expand, rendering the rules of the treaty useless.",open_qa tell me about the whole world,"""This Whole World"" is a song by American rock band the Beach Boys from their 1970 album Sunflower. Written by Brian Wilson, the song features his brother Carl on lead vocals and is credited as a Beach Boys production. Earlier in the year, it had been included on the Warner Brothers promotional sampler album The Big Ball, and as a single, fronted with ""Slip On Through"", but did not make the U.S. or UK pop charts. Background Brian recalled writing ""This Whole World"" during one night at his Beverly Hills mansion when he was ""stoned and confused"". He stated that the song was written in approximately 90 minutes at around 2:00 a.m. ""I got up and went to my white Baldwin organ and I was playing around and thinking about the love of this whole world and that’s what inspired me to write the song."" He also said of the song: ""A very special vocal by Carl, and the lyrics are very spiritual. The melody and chord pattern rambles but it comes back to where it started."" Regarding the lyrics, he said, ""It’s about love in general. ... That song came from deep down in me, from the feeling I had that the whole world should be about love. When I wrote that song I wanted to capture that idea.'"" Composition Biographer Mark Dillon characterized ""This Whole World"" as an ""old-fashioned"" rock song with ""doo-wop trimmings"" that contains an unorthodox structure and numerous key modulations. Musician Scott McCaughey said that the structure followed an A/B/C/A/B/C pattern, however, ""it seems to never repeat itself once. Every section has something new and different going on."" Musicologist Philip Lambert offered a summary of the song's exceptional ""tonal transience"": First, a C-major phrase ends on IV, which becomes ♭VI in A, and then an A-major phrase ends on iii, which becomes a new i in C♯. This new phrase then moves through a diatonic bass descent from 1̂ to 5̂, eventually arriving at the key of B♭ using the same pivot relationship heard earlier between C and A (IV = ♭VI). Finally, the phrase in B♭ concludes on V, which is reinterpreted as IV to return to C major ... In 1978, Beach Boys supporting keyboardist Daryl Dragon commented on the song's various key changes: ""From a harmony standpoint, I've never heard a song like that since I've been in pop music. I've never heard a song go through that many changes and come back."" Recording The track was recorded in one session on November 13, 1969 at Beach Boys Studio. According to Brian: ""I produced that record. I taught Carl the lead and the other guys the background vocal, especially the meditation part at the end: 'Om dot dit it.'"" The track originally ran ""far longer"" but was trimmed down. Brian later commented, ""I remember 'This Whole World' took a couple of days to record. It took a lot of hard work to get that one but I’m real happy with it."" Another version with an alternate ending was created for an Eastern Airlines commercial that the group briefly appeared in. Critical reception AllMusic wrote: ""Brian reestablished his reputation as one of the most brilliant melody","""This Whole World"" is a song by American rock band the Beach Boys from their 1970 album Sunflower. Written by Brian Wilson, the song features his brother Carl on lead vocals and is credited as a Beach Boys production. Brian recalled writing ""This Whole World"" one night at his Beverly Hills mansion when he was ""stoned and confused."" He stated that the song was written in approximately 90 minutes at around 2:00 a.m. ""I got up and went to my white Baldwin organ, and I was playing around and thinking about the love of this whole world, and that's what inspired me to write the song."" He also said of the song: ""An exceptional vocal by Carl, and the lyrics are very spiritual. The melody and chord pattern rambles, returning to where it started."" Regarding the lyrics, he said, ""It's about love in general. Biographer Mark Dillon characterized ""This Whole World"" as an ""old-fashioned"" rock song with ""doo-wop trimmings"" that contains an unorthodox structure and numerous key modulations. Musician Scott McCaughey said that the structure followed an A/B/C/A/B/C pattern, however, ""it seems never to repeat itself once. This new phrase then moves through a diatonic bass descent from 1̂ to 5̂, eventually arriving at the key of B♭ using the same pivot relationship heard earlier between C and A (IV = ♭VI). In 1978, Beach Boys supporting keyboardist Daryl Dragon commented on the song's various key changes: ""From a harmony standpoint, I've never heard a song like that since I've been in pop music. I've never heard a song go through that many changes and return."" The track was recorded in one session at Beach Boys Studio on November 13, 1969. According to Brian: ""I produced that record. I taught Carl the lead and the other guys the background vocal, especially the meditation part at the end: 'Om dot dit it.'"" The track originally ran ""far longer"" but was trimmed down. Brian later commented, ""This Whole World' took a couple of days to record.",information_extraction What are the three best rapid transit systems in California and why?,,"1. The Bay Area Rapid Transit or ""BART"" because it has many different lines and connects most of the San Francisco Bay Area. 2. MUNI because it has a wonderful combination of some light rail lines, vintage vehicles and lots of bus lines. 3. LA Metro because it connects so many different places in the huge LA metropolitan area where automobile congestion can be bad.",brainstorming What are some kinds of embroidery stitches for writing letters?,,"Some embroidery stitches that can be used to embroider letters are the back stitch, the split stitch, the stem stitch, the chain stitch, the couching stitch, and the satin stitch.",brainstorming "Who were the ""Big Four"" of Grunge?",,"Alice in Chains, Soundgarden, Nirvana, and Pearl Jam.",open_qa Give me a list of the most agreed upon supplements that are effective for maintaining general health,,"1) Vitamin D 2) Omega-3 Fish Oil 3) Creatine Monohydrate 4) Multi-vitamin *Disclaimer - there are countless other supplements available; however, decades of research seems to have formed a consensus on the efficacy of these",brainstorming "Given this paragraph about a train stabling complex, what was the original name of the Grove Park Sidings?","Grove Park Sidings is a large stabling complex for suburban commuter trains in Lewisham, South East London. It is situated approximately halfway between Hither Green Station and Grove Park station. Grove Park Sidings were previously named Hither Green Sidings, until sidings closer to Hither Green were built and took that name, causing the site to be renamed Grove Park Sidings. It consists of two sets of sidings, one on either side of the Main line which are linked by a pedestrian footbridge. On the Down side are Bramdean sidings and the large carriage shed, whilst on the Up side are St Mildreds sidings. There is also a carriage washing plant on the inlet road of Down sidings.",Hither Green Sidings,closed_qa "How can you answer questions like ""Are certain kinds of storms responsible to drive certain type of disease related group (DRG) admits?""?",,Answering questions like this would require using data and statistical analysis of the data. You would need to collect storm data for a given location and combine it with the hospital visits data for the period before and after the storm and simply plot the correlation between each storm and the type of admits in the hospital around the same period. The findings must be validated by performing the similar analysis on data from another time period or a geographical location with similar characteristics.,brainstorming What is another name for downhill skiing?,,Downhill skiing is also known as alpine skiing,open_qa What is Area 51 and what makes it famous?,"Area 51 is the common name of a highly classified United States Air Force (USAF) facility within the Nevada Test and Training Range. A remote detachment administered by Edwards Air Force Base, the facility is officially called Homey Airport (ICAO: KXTA, FAA LID: XTA) or Groom Lake (after the salt flat next to its airfield). Details of its operations are not made public, but the USAF says that it is an open training range, and it is commonly thought to support the development and testing of experimental aircraft and weapons systems. The intense secrecy surrounding the base has made it the frequent subject of conspiracy theories and a central component of unidentified flying object (UFO) folklore.","Area 51 is a facility in Nevada operated by the United States government. The origin of the name is unknown. It's believed its primary purpose is to develop and test aircraft and weapons. However, in recent years and decades, Area 51 has become famous and synonymous in pop culture with conspiracy theories, especially ones involving UFOs. It requires extremely high levels of government clearance to access Area 51. Thus, the mystery of its operations still remains.",summarization Which continent can Callixena versicolora be found?,"Callixena versicolora is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Max Saalmüller in 1891. The species can be found in Africa, where it is known from Ghana, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Kenya, South Africa, Comoros, Madagascar and Réunion. This species has a wingspan from 29 to 40 mm. References Saalmüller & von Heyden (1891). Lepidopteren von Madagascar. Zweite Abtheilung. Heterocera: Noctuae, Geometrae, Microlepidoptera. :247–531, pls. 7–14 (in German) De Prins, J. & De Prins, W. (2019). ""Magusa versicolora (Saalmüller, 1891)"". Afromoths. Retrieved December 22, 2020.",Africa,closed_qa what are some tips to start practicing meditation?,,"Start short and simple with a 2 or 3 min breathing exercise every day and gradually increase your meditation duration. Join a meditation group could help you keep yourself accountable as well. Pay attention to your presence and awareness, and observe what is happening with your thoughts, without judgements. You can also seek help from technologies, mobile apps like Calm, Headspace are great tools for starters.",brainstorming List the hyper-scale cloud companies.,,"Amazon Web Services (AWS, Microsoft Azure (Azure) and Google Cloud Platform (GCP) are the three hyper-scale cloud providers.",brainstorming Write a tribute to my high school swim coach.,,"I’ve known Coach for most of my life, growing up in town and spending time with her family as a kid. But it wasn’t until I went to high school and joined the swim team that Coach's role in my life grew and she became more than a parent or even a coach, but an advocate and role model. Coach left a lasting, positive impact on so many of us. Pushing us not only to be better swimmers, but to be humble leaders and stronger, more confident adults. Even though I would never be a star swimmer or D1 athlete, I never felt discouraged by Coach or anyone on her coaching staff. Quite the opposite: I threw myself into swimming. We all pushed ourselves to be the best we could be, we cheered as loud as we could on the sidelines, and no one passed up an opportunity to support the team or attend a team outing. Because Coach didn’t just build teams of champion swimmers, she built a community. I’m still close to many of my teammates — some remain my closest friends. That’s because swimming is more than a sport at our school, it’s a family. And Coach is and (in my mind) always will be the matriarch.",creative_writing What is Rio de Janeiro famous for?,"Rio de Janeiro is one of the most visited cities in the Southern Hemisphere and is known for its natural settings, carnival, samba, bossa nova, and balneario beaches such as Barra da Tijuca, Copacabana, Ipanema, and Leblon. In addition to the beaches, some of the most famous landmarks include the giant statue of Christ the Redeemer atop Corcovado mountain, named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World; Sugarloaf Mountain with its cable car; the Sambódromo (Sambadrome), a permanent grandstand-lined parade avenue which is used during Carnival; and Maracanã Stadium, one of the world's largest football stadiums. Rio de Janeiro was the host of the 2016 Summer Olympics and the 2016 Summer Paralympics, making the city the first South American and Portuguese-speaking city to ever host the events, and the third time the Olympics were held in a Southern Hemisphere city. The Maracanã Stadium held the finals of the 1950 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, and the XV Pan American Games.","Rio de Janeiro is famous for its beaches, rainforest, samba, football stadium (Maracana), carnival and bossa nova music.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph about video game consoles, when was the Nintendo DS released?","In 2004, Nintendo released the Nintendo DS, which featured such innovations as dual screens – one of which being a touchscreen – and wireless connectivity for multiplayer play. Throughout its lifetime, more than 154 million units were sold, making it the most successful handheld console and the second best-selling console in history. In 2005, Nintendo released the Game Boy Micro, the last system in the Game Boy line. Sales did not meet Nintendo's expectations, with 2.5 million units being sold by 2007. In mid-2005, the Nintendo World Store was inaugurated in New York City.",2004,closed_qa Write a guide for how to catch a smallmouth bass.,,"The smallmouth bass is a common freshwater fish, found in the rivers and lakes of North America. Its habitat stretches between northeastern Canada and a small range of waterways in Mexico. Fishermen of all ages enjoy catching the smallmouth bass, because of its propensity for jumping out of the water and trying to evade capture with vigor. You will find smallmouth enjoying shallower waters in the cool parts of the day, attracted to surface baits like imitation frogs, minnows, and spinnerbaits. As the day warms up, smallmouth retreat to cooler waters, and you might find them schooling near a drop-off or around a deep-water mound. Smallmouth are typically caught between June and October. Note: Please adhere to local fishing regulations to know when smallmouth bass are in season. Most jurisdictions require a license to fish and have limits on how many fish can be kept.",creative_writing Give me some movie/tv series to learn English,,"There are several tv series that can be used to learn English. 1. ""Friends"" is an American television sitcom that lasts ten seasons from Sep 22, 1994 to May 6, 2004. The show revolves around six friends in their 20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City. The language used in Friends is casual and not challenging to understand. Watching Friends to learn English will help you to build up your vocabulary. 2. ""The Big Bang Theory"" is an American television sitcom about two physicists at Caltech who share an apartment and their friends. The show has some challenging English word that requires some domain knowledge to understand. This show is recommended to people who have an intermediate English level.",brainstorming What channel did the series begin on?,"The series began on Discovery Health Channel on November 10, 2009. Season 1 concluded on December 29, 2009, after 6 episodes. Season 2 ran from July 20, 2010, to October 19, 2010, with 8 episodes. Season 3 ran from September 1 to 29, 2011, with 6 episodes.","The series began on Discover Health Channel on November 10, 2009.",closed_qa Is wolf a domestic or a wild animal?,,"Generally speaking, wolves are regarded as wild animals. While there are cases where wolves have been domesticated, they're not the same as dogs as pets.",classification What is a verb?,,"A verb is an action word that describes an activity. Examples of verbs are the following: swimming, hiking, biking, roller skating, or skydiving. All of these single and combination word examples are tied to an activity that any living thing can do. For example, a dog can bike ride with a human when the human is pedaling the bike. Verb use is not limited to humans or people only but applies to all living things.",open_qa What is the state flower of California?,,The state flower of California is the Golden Poppy,open_qa "As a firefighter, you commonly have the following items on you: ax, helmet, pants, jacket, oxygen tank, mask, gloves, boots, hose, shovel, light. Please tell me which of these you wear and which you carry.",,"wear: helmet, pants, jacket, mask, gloves, boots carry: ax, oxygen tank, hose, shovel, light",classification Why is the sky blue?,,"Blue light travels in shorter waves, thus it it scattered more than any other color",open_qa "Given a reference text about twitter, how many accounts were estimated to be fake?","Twitter was created by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams in March 2006 and launched in July of that year. Twitter, Inc. is based in San Francisco, California and has more than 25 offices around the world. By 2012, more than 100 million users tweeted 340 million tweets a day, and the service handled an average of 1.6 billion search queries per day. In 2013, it was one of the ten most-visited websites and has been described as ""the SMS of the Internet"". By the start of 2019, Twitter had more than 330 million monthly active users. In practice, the vast majority of tweets are tweeted by a minority of users. In 2020, it was estimated that approximately 48 million accounts (15% of all accounts) were fake.","In 2020, about 48 million accounts were estimated to be fake.",closed_qa Name some of the most popular rides at Disney World's Magic Kingdom theme park.,,"Magic Kingdom has a beautiful selection of rides and attractions. Some of the most popular rides include Space Mountain, Tron Lightcycle / Run, Seven Dwarfs Mine Train, The Haunted Mansion, Peter Pan's Flight, Pirates of the Caribbean, and It's a small world.",open_qa What causes an airplane wing to fly?,,"As Bernoulli's principal explains, because of the shape, air moving across the curved upper surface on top of the wing will travel faster and thus produce less pressure than the air moving more slowly along the flatter bottom of the wing's surface. This imbalance of high and low pressures results in a force called lift which is applied in the direction of the lower pressure.",open_qa what is a sql query?,,"SQL stands for structured query language. A SQL query is a statement using SQL syntax to get data returned for a specific question to business data you are trying to get answered. SQL queries can be simple returns of data, and they can also include simple or complex aggregations over time. SQL queries run against a database like Oracle Database, Azure's SQL Server Database, or Google's Bigquery.",open_qa What is a time signature in music?,,The time signature in music represents the number of notes in each bar. The time signature is noted at the start of a composition as is represented as two stacked numbers. For example the common time signature 4/4 indicates each bar will contain four quarter note beats.,open_qa "Which of the following are weather events: rain, snow, sleet, sunshine, hail, tornadoes, hurricanes, trees, lightening, rocks?",,"Rain, snow, sleet, sunshine, hail, tornadoes, hurricanes, and lightening are weather events. Trees and rocks are not weather events.",classification What are three common alarm clock sounds?,,"People might use a variety of sounds to wake up in the morning. Three common alarm clock sounds are : 1. Bird songs 2. Beeping 3. Radio",brainstorming What types of political organizations did pre-colonial Africa have?,"Pre-colonial Africa possessed perhaps as many as 10,000 different states and polities characterized by many different sorts of political organization and rule. These included small family groups of hunter-gatherers such as the San people of southern Africa; larger, more structured groups such as the family clan groupings of the Bantu-speaking peoples of central, southern, and eastern Africa; heavily structured clan groups in the Horn of Africa; the large Sahelian kingdoms; and autonomous city-states and kingdoms such as those of the Akan; Edo, Yoruba, and Igbo people in West Africa; and the Swahili coastal trading towns of Southeast Africa.","Pre-colonial Africa had many political organizations including: small family groups, larger family clan groupings, heavily structured clan groups, and autonomous city-states and kingdoms.",closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Pedal Harp, Baritone Saxophone",,"Pedal Harp is string, Baritone Saxophone is woodwind.",classification "Jill, a 60-year-old personal training client, wants to improve her hip flexibility. Jill is concerned about her balance and the risk of falling. Recommend two exercises she can do to improve balance.",,"She can perform weight shifts, which is an easy exercise for someone of her age to perform to improve their balance. She should begin with feet hip-width apart, and then shift her weight to her right side, lifting her left foot off the floor. She can maintain this position for 30 seconds, return to the starting position, and repeat for her other side. Besides weight shifts, she can focus on exercises that target auxiliary muscles in her lower back and core, which help with balance. For example, she can consider doing partial sit-ups, which strengthen abdominal muscles, or if she finds that too difficult, she can perform cat and camel, which is where she arches her back, and then lets it slowly sag toward the floor while in modified pushup position (knees on the ground).",brainstorming "Given this reference text about the Flex Computer System, why was it created?","The Flex Computer System was developed by Michael Foster and Ian Currie of Royal Signals and Radar Establishment in Malvern, England, during the late 1970s and 1980s. It used a tagged storage scheme to implement a capability architecture, and was designed for the safe and efficient implementation of strongly typed procedures.",It was designed for the safe and efficient implementation of strongly typed procedures.,closed_qa What are the five romance languages?,,"The 5 romance languages in order of number of speakers are: Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian and Romanian.",open_qa What is the Scots word that The Pleasance is derived from?,"The Pleasance is a street just outside the Old Town of Edinburgh, Scotland, a remnant of the Flodden Wall flanking the west side of the street between Drummond Street and the Cowgate. Historically, the street was one of the main routes into Edinburgh from the south, meeting St Mary's Wynd (now St Mary's Street) at St Mary's Wynd Port, one of the gateways of the town walls. The name derives from the Scots plesance, meaning a park or garden. It first appears in 1507 as the name of a nearby house, and was later transferred to the street and then the suburb which was part of the regality of the Canongate. The derivation of the name from a nunnery of St Mary of Placentia, often mentioned in histories of Edinburgh, is an invention by William Maitland in his 1753 History of Edinburgh.",plesance,information_extraction how can you benefit from sauna?,,"Sauna is a type of therapeutic therapy for both the body and the mind. It reduces inflammation in your body, it rids your body of toxins, good for heart health, reduces allergies and helps with sleep to name a few. Different sauna types like wood burning, heat rocks and electric heathers can warm the sauna rooms to different temperatures ranging from 150 F to 195 F. You can choose any one depends on how tolerable you are to heat.",brainstorming "My back hurts when I ski a lot of moguls and bumps, why does this happen?",,"It is hard to know the exact reason why your back hurts when you ski a lot of moguls or bumps, it is best to get a ski instructor or work with a physical therapist to let them assess your movement pattern and body. One potential cause to back pain when you ski moguls or bumps is if you are using your back to take the majority impact and absorbing the bump instead of your knee and hip. As you are hitting a bump, you want to keep your back as straight as possible and let your hip and knee take the impact. The movement pattern is similar to squatting down, where you want to drop your bottom down towards your ankle. The reason you want your knee and hip to take the impact is because those joints have much bigger range of motion compared to your back so as you hit a bump or mogul, those joints will help absorb the majority of the irregularity in the terrain so your back is not needing to move as much which will help reduce the strain being put on it.",creative_writing What was the relationship of the person who became MD at Grandmaster Capital Management to Paypal?,"""Individuals whom the media refers to as members of the PayPal Mafia include: Peter Thiel, PayPal founder and former chief executive officer who is sometimes referred to as the """"don"""" of the PayPal Mafia Max Levchin, founder and chief technology officer at PayPal Elon Musk, co-founder of Zip2, founder of X.com which merged with Confinity to form PayPal. Musk later founded SpaceX, co-founded Tesla, Inc., co-founded OpenAI, Neuralink, founded The Boring Company, and became owner of Twitter, Inc. David O. Sacks, former PayPal COO who later founded Geni.com and Yammer Scott Banister, early advisor and board member at PayPal. Roelof Botha, former PayPal CFO who later became a partner and Senior Steward of venture capital firm Sequoia Capital Steve Chen, former PayPal engineer who co-founded YouTube. Reid Hoffman, former executive vice president who later founded LinkedIn and was an early investor in Facebook, Aviary Ken Howery, former PayPal CFO who became a partner at Founders Fund Chad Hurley, former PayPal web designer who co-founded YouTube Eric M. Jackson, who wrote the book The PayPal Wars and became chief executive officer of WND Books and co-founded CapLinked Jawed Karim, former PayPal engineer who co-founded YouTube Jared Kopf, former PayPal (executive assistant to Peter Thiel) who co-founded Slide, HomeRun and NextRoll Dave McClure, former PayPal marketing director, a super angel investor for start up companies Andrew McCormack, co-founder of Valar Ventures Luke Nosek, PayPal co-founder and former vice president of marketing and strategy, became a partner at Founders Fund with Peter Thiel and Ken Howery Keith Rabois, former executive at PayPal who later worked at LinkedIn, Slide, Square, Khosla Ventures, and currently with Peter Thiel at Founders Fund, and personally invested in Tokbox, Xoom, Slide, LinkedIn, Geni, Room 9 Entertainment, YouTube, and Yelp Jack Selby, former vice president of corporate and international development at PayPal who co-founded Clarium Capital with Peter Thiel, later becoming managing director of Grandmaster Capital Management Premal Shah, former product manager at PayPal, became the founding president of Kiva.org Russel Simmons, former PayPal engineer who co-founded Yelp Inc. Jeremy Stoppelman, former vice president of technology at PayPal who later co-founded Yelp Yishan Wong, former engineering manager at PayPal, later worked at Facebook and became the CEO of Reddit""",Jack Selby was the former vice president of corporate and international development at PayPal and later became the managing director of Grandmaster Capital Management,information_extraction "Based on this text, where was Susan Eaton a professor?","Susan Catharine Eaton (July 9, 1957 – December 30, 2003) was an American political scientist and workers' rights activist. Eaton was an assistant professor of public policy at Harvard Kennedy School, who became a nursing home researcher at Harvard and workers' activist. She wrote about health care management, women's role in union leadership and work-family issues and gender equity in the workplace.","Based on this text, Susan Eaton was a professor at Harvard Kennedy School.",closed_qa What does it mean if a database is ACID compliant?,"In computer science, ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) is a set of properties of database transactions intended to guarantee data validity despite errors, power failures, and other mishaps. In the context of databases, a sequence of database operations that satisfies the ACID properties (which can be perceived as a single logical operation on the data) is called a transaction. For example, a transfer of funds from one bank account to another, even involving multiple changes such as debiting one account and crediting another, is a single transaction. In 1983, Andreas Reuter and Theo Härder coined the acronym ACID, building on earlier work by Jim Gray who named atomicity, consistency, and durability, but not isolation, when characterizing the transaction concept. These four properties are the major guarantees of the transaction paradigm, which has influenced many aspects of development in database systems. According to Gray and Reuter, the IBM Information Management System supported ACID transactions as early as 1973 (although the acronym was created later). Atomicity Main article: Atomicity (database systems) Transactions are often composed of multiple statements. Atomicity guarantees that each transaction is treated as a single ""unit"", which either succeeds completely or fails completely: if any of the statements constituting a transaction fails to complete, the entire transaction fails and the database is left unchanged. An atomic system must guarantee atomicity in each and every situation, including power failures, errors, and crashes. A guarantee of atomicity prevents updates to the database from occurring only partially, which can cause greater problems than rejecting the whole series outright. As a consequence, the transaction cannot be observed to be in progress by another database client. At one moment in time, it has not yet happened, and at the next, it has already occurred in whole (or nothing happened if the transaction was canceled in progress). Consistency Main article: Consistency (database systems) Consistency ensures that a transaction can only bring the database from one consistent state to another, preserving database invariants: any data written to the database must be valid according to all defined rules, including constraints, cascades, triggers, and any combination thereof. This prevents database corruption by an illegal transaction. Referential integrity guarantees the primary key–foreign key relationship. Isolation Main article: Isolation (database systems) Transactions are often executed concurrently (e.g., multiple transactions reading and writing to a table at the same time). Isolation ensures that concurrent execution of transactions leaves the database in the same state that would have been obtained if the transactions were executed sequentially. Isolation is the main goal of concurrency control; depending on the isolation level used, the effects of an incomplete transaction might not be visible to other transactions. Durability Main article: Durability (database systems) Durability guarantees that once a transaction has been committed, it will remain committed even in the case of a system failure (e.g., power outage or crash). This usually means that completed transactions (or their effects) are recorded in non-volatile memory.","ACID is an acronym that stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. Atomicity means that actions occur either entirely or not at all; there is no partial write or situation where only part of an action was completed. For a database, this means that if data was written in a single transaction, that transaction either completes entirely or fails completely with no data left behind in a partial or corrupt state. Consistency means that transactions take the state from one valid state to another valid state, with no way to enter an invalid state. Isolation means that multiple readers/writers to the same database do not interfere with each other and can proceed without worrying about the effects of another action occurring. Durability means that state is preserved across failures and shutdowns, e.g. that state is persisted to permanent storage.",summarization Why do companies play dividends?,,Companies will pay dividends out of their after tax earnings. It's generally done to signal to shareholders that the balance sheet is strong and that growth is expected without the need to reinvest all free cashflow back into the business.,open_qa What did Michael Faraday and Georg Ohm do?,"Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the ""Thunderer of the Nile"", and described them as the ""protectors"" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by electric catfish and electric rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. Patients with ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them. Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing. Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. According to a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge of electroplating, based on the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though it is uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature. Electricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when the English scientist William Gilbert wrote De Magnete, in which he made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishing the lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber. He coined the New Latin word electricus (""of amber"" or ""like amber"",, elektron, the Greek word for ""amber"") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed. This association gave rise to the English words ""electric"" and ""electricity"", which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646. Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827. Electricity and magnetism (and light) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his ""On Physical Lines of Force"" in 1861 and 1862.  While the early 19th century had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering. Through such people as Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets, energising electrons. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for ""his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"". The photoelectric effect is also employed in photocells such as can be found in solar panels. The first solid-state device was the ""cat's-whisker detector"" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect. In a solid-state component, the current is confined to solid elements and compounds engineered specifically to switch and amplify it. Current flow can be understood in two forms: as negatively charged electrons, and as positively charged electron deficiencies called holes. These charges and holes are understood in terms of quantum physics. The building material is most often a crystalline semiconductor. Solid-state electronics came into its own with the emergence of transistor technology. The first working transistor, a germanium-based point-contact transistor, was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947, followed by the bipolar junction transistor in 1948.","Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827.",information_extraction What are some of the most common vegetables in the broccoli family?,,"The broccoli family includes many cruciferous vegetables like cabbage, bok choi, cauliflower, collard greens, brussel sprouts, and arugula.",brainstorming In which years did the Women's New Zealand cricket team win the world cup,,2000,brainstorming Who are Sinti people?,"The Sinti are a subgroup of Romani people mostly found in Germany. They arrived in Austria and Germany in the Late Middle Ages as part of the Romani emigration from the Indian Subcontinent, eventually splitting into two groups: Eftavagarja (""the Seven Caravans"") and Estraxarja (""from Austria""). They arrived in Germany before 1540. The two groups expanded, the Eftavagarja into France, Portugal and Brazil, where they are called ""Manouches"", and the Estraxarja into Italy and Central Europe, mainly what are now Croatia, Slovenia, Hungary, Romania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, eventually adopting various regional names.",Sinti are a group of people mostly settled in Germany but also settled in other European countries.,information_extraction What are the advantages of a propane grill?,,"The most often cited advantage of a propane grill is that it takes very little time to get the grill up to temperature for cooking. Other fuel sources, such as wood pellets or charcoal briquets, do take some prep time before you can start cooking. Also, cleanup on a propane grill is typically simpler as there is no wood or charcoal left over to clean up. Many will argue that wood or charcoal gives more of a flavor to the food being cooked. But, there are remedies to this for propane, including getting what is commonly known as a smoker box to generate smoke flavor. Ultimately any style of grill can cook very tasty meals. So it often comes down to personal preference on fuel source.",open_qa What is a smart contract?,,"A smart contract is a computer program or a transaction protocol that is intended to automatically execute, control or document events and actions according to the terms of a contract or an agreement. The objectives of smart contracts are the reduction of need for trusted intermediators, arbitration costs, and fraud losses, as well as the reduction of malicious and accidental exceptions. Smart contracts are commonly associated with cryptocurrencies, and the smart contracts introduced by Ethereum are generally considered a fundamental building block for decentralized finance (DeFi) and NFT applications.",open_qa How are noble gases obtained?,"The noble gases (historically also the inert gases; sometimes referred to as aerogens) make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity. The six naturally occurring noble gases are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn). Oganesson (Og) is a synthetically produced highly radioactive element. Although IUPAC has used the term ""noble gas"" interchangeably with ""group 18"" and thus included oganesson, it may not be significantly chemically noble and is predicted to break the trend and be reactive due to relativistic effects. Because of the extremely short 0.7 ms half-life of its only known isotope, its chemistry has not yet been investigated. For the first six periods of the periodic table, the noble gases are exactly the members of group 18. Noble gases are typically highly unreactive except when under particular extreme conditions. The inertness of noble gases makes them very suitable in applications where reactions are not wanted. For example, argon is used in incandescent lamps to prevent the hot tungsten filament from oxidizing; also, helium is used in breathing gas by deep-sea divers to prevent oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide toxicity. The properties of the noble gases can be well explained by modern theories of atomic structure: Their outer shell of valence electrons is considered to be ""full"", giving them little tendency to participate in chemical reactions, and it has been possible to prepare only a few hundred noble gas compounds. The melting and boiling points for a given noble gas are close together, differing by less than 10 °C (18 °F); that is, they are liquids over only a small temperature range. Neon, argon, krypton, and xenon are obtained from air in an air separation unit using the methods of liquefaction of gases and fractional distillation. Helium is sourced from natural gas fields that have high concentrations of helium in the natural gas, using cryogenic gas separation techniques, and radon is usually isolated from the radioactive decay of dissolved radium, thorium, or uranium compounds. Noble gases have several important applications in industries such as lighting, welding, and space exploration. A helium-oxygen breathing gas is often used by deep-sea divers at depths of seawater over 55 m (180 ft). After the risks caused by the flammability of hydrogen became apparent in the Hindenburg disaster, it was replaced with helium in blimps and balloons.","Neon, argon, krypton, and xenon are obtained from air in an air separation unit using the methods of liquefaction of gases and fractional distillation. Helium is sourced from natural gas fields that have high concentrations of helium in the natural gas, using cryogenic gas separation techniques, and radon is usually isolated from the radioactive decay of dissolved radium, thorium, or uranium compounds.",summarization When is cherry blossom season in Japan?,,The cherry blossom season in Japan is in the Spring. The season changes every year depending on weather conditions but is usually starts between late March and early April.,open_qa "Tell me which of the following clubs are playing American football or soccer? Inter Milan, Juventus, Barcelona, New York Jets, Seattle Sounders, Seattle Seahawks, LA Galaxy.",,"Inter Milan, Juventus, Barcelona, Seattle Sounders, LA Galaxy are playing soccer. New York Jets, Seattle Seahawks are American football teams.",classification "As per the passage, list the subjects of which Narendranath was an avid reader.","In 1871, at the age of eight, Narendranath enrolled at Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's Metropolitan Institution, where he went to school until his family moved to Raipur in 1877. In 1879, after his family's return to Calcutta, he was the only student to receive first-division marks in the Presidency College entrance examination. He was an avid reader in a wide range of subjects, including philosophy, religion, history, social science, art and literature. He was also interested in Hindu scriptures, including the Vedas, the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and the Puranas. Narendra was trained in Indian classical music, and regularly participated in physical exercise, sports and organised activities. Narendra studied Western logic, Western philosophy and European history at the General Assembly's Institution (now known as the Scottish Church College). In 1881, he passed the Fine Arts examination, and completed a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1884. Narendra studied the works of David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Baruch Spinoza, Georg W. F. Hegel, Arthur Schopenhauer, Auguste Comte, John Stuart Mill and Charles Darwin. He became fascinated with the evolutionism of Herbert Spencer and corresponded with him, translating Herbert Spencer's book Education (1861) into Bengali. While studying Western philosophers, he also learned Sanskrit scriptures and Bengali literature.","philosophy, religion, history, social science, art and literature",information_extraction What is locus (in genomics)?,,"In genetics and genomics, a locus is a specific, fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located. Each chromosome carries many genes, with each gene occupying a different position or locus; in humans, the total number of protein-coding genes in a complete haploid set of 23 chromosomes is estimated at 19,000–20,000. Genes may possess multiple variants known as alleles, and an allele may also be said to reside at a particular locus. Diploid and polyploid cells whose chromosomes have the same allele at a given locus are called homozygous with respect to that locus, while those that have different alleles at a given locus are called heterozygous. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a gene map. Gene mapping is the process of determining the specific locus or loci responsible for producing a particular phenotype or biological trait. Association mapping, also known as ""linkage disequilibrium mapping"", is a method of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that takes advantage of historic linkage disequilibrium to link phenotypes (observable characteristics) to genotypes (the genetic constitution of organisms), uncovering genetic associations.",open_qa What does percolate mean?,,"Percolation is a way to filter a fluid or other substance through a porous filter media. Substances that can be percolated are water, coffee, etc. The trickling effect of these substances through a porous media implies what comes out of the filter media is better tasting than what was before the filter media. It can also mean it has better quality, less contamination, or reduce acidity.",open_qa "Given a reference text about the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, provide a bulleted list of the main elements of the act.","The Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018, Pub. L. 115–97 (text) (PDF), is a congressional revenue act of the United States originally introduced in Congress as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), that amended the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Major elements of the changes include reducing tax rates for businesses and individuals, increasing the standard deduction and family tax credits, eliminating personal exemptions and making it less beneficial to itemize deductions, limiting deductions for state and local income taxes and property taxes, further limiting the mortgage interest deduction, reducing the alternative minimum tax for individuals and eliminating it for corporations, doubling the estate tax exemption, and set the penalty enforcing individual mandate of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) at $0. The Act is based on tax reform advocated by congressional Republicans and the Trump administration. The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office (CBO) reported that under the Act individuals and pass-through entities like partnerships and S corporations would receive about $1.125 trillion in net benefits (i.e. net tax cuts offset by reduced healthcare subsidies) over 10 years, while corporations would receive around $320 billion in benefits. The CBO estimated that implementing the Act would add an estimated $2.289 trillion to the national debt over ten years, or about $1.891 trillion after taking into account macroeconomic feedback effects, in addition to the $9.8 trillion increase forecast under the current policy baseline and existing $20 trillion national debt.[8","The main elements of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act are: - Reducing tax rates for businesses and individuals - Increasing the standard deduction and family tax credits - Eliminating personal exemptions - Limiting deductions for state and local income and property taxes - Limiting the mortgage interest deduction - Reducing the alternative minimum tax - Doubling the estate tax exemption - Setting the penalty enforcing individual mandate of the Affordable Care Act at $0",closed_qa "From the passage provided, extract the cost of the Ryman Auditorium's most recent renovation and expansion.","In 2015, the Ryman underwent another US$14,000,000 (equivalent to $16,004,773 in 2021) renovation and expansion. Much of the 1994 expansion was gutted and remodeled. The original building received only minor touch-ups and remained in use throughout the construction. The renovation and expansion includes more lobby space, plus expanded restrooms, concessions, and a gift shop. A new quick-service restaurant was added, called ""Cafe Lula"" and named in memory of Lula C. Naff. (The cafe closed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and was not reopened.) New renovations in 2023 will include a new gift shop in the previous Café Lula location. Also added in the 2015 renovations was a 100-seat theater. Here a short holographic film is shown that serves as the first exhibit on the building's daily self-guided tours. Entitled The Soul Of Nashville, the film features an actress portraying Naff in presenting the history of the Ryman. It also features an original song performed by Darius Rucker, Sheryl Crow, Vince Gill, and the Fisk Jubilee Singers.","In 2015, the Ryman underwent another US$14,000,000 (equivalent to $16,004,773 in 2021) renovation and expansion.",information_extraction Which golf tournaments are considered majors in the PGA?,,"The Masters, The U.S. Open, The Open Championship and the PGA Championship",open_qa "Given the paragraph summarizing the life of Arnold Boate, list the countries in which he lived.","Arnold Boate, originally called de Boot (1606–1653) was a Dutch physician, writer and Hebraist who spent much of his life abroad, and lived for several years in Dublin. There he married Margaret Dongan, a judge's daughter, whom he portrayed lovingly in his book The Character of a Truly Virtuous and Pious Woman. He was the brother of Gerard Boate, author of The Natural History of Ireland, for which Arnold supplied much of the material. Both Gerard and Arnold were members of the Hartlib circle.","Arnold Boate was born in the Netherlands and spent much of his life abroad, most notably in Ireland.",information_extraction What makes bread rise?,,"There are various techniques and ingredients used in the bread making process to make it rise. Yeast can be used in the dough which will activate and the dough will rise over a number of hours (or even days) depending on the type of bread you are making. Another method is natural fermentation ie sourdough. Sourdough bread rises by using a ""pre-ferment"" or sourdough starter when mixing the dough. Typically sourdough requires a longer rise time for the development of the air bubbles and the sour taste by which the name comes from.",open_qa "For the Zodiac sign Aries, Share some information from the given text.","Aries (♈︎) (Greek: Κριός, romanized: Kriós, Latin for ""ram"") is the first astrological sign in the zodiac, spanning the first 30 degrees of celestial longitude (0°≤ λ <30°), and originates from the Aries constellation. Under the tropical zodiac, the Sun transits this sign from approximately March 21 to April 19 each year. This time duration is exactly the first month of the Solar Hijri calendar (Arabic Hamal/Persian Farvardin/Pashto Wray).","1. Aries is the first astrological sign in the zodiac, spanned in the first 30 degrees of celestial longitude (0°≤ λ <30°). 2. Aries is originated from the Aries constellation. 3. The Sun transits this sign from approximately March 21 to April 19 each year. 4. This time period is exactly the first month of the Solar Hijri calendar (Arabic Hamal/Persian Farvardin/Pashto Wray).",summarization There are two definitions currently used for subtropical cyclones depending on which two geographic locations?,"There are two definitions currently used for subtropical cyclones depending on their location. Across the north Atlantic and southwest Indian Ocean, they require some central convection fairly near the center surrounding a warming core existing in the mid-levels of the troposphere. Across the eastern half of the northern Pacific however, they require a mid-tropospheric cyclone to be cut off from the main belt of the westerlies and with only a weak surface circulation. Subtropical cyclones have wider wind fields with the maximum sustained winds located further from the center than typical tropical cyclones, and have no weather fronts linked into their center.",Subtropical cyclones are defined differently between the north Atlantic/southwest Indian Ocean area and the northern Pacific.,information_extraction What is a homonym?,,"Homonyms are words that are pronounced the same but have different meanings. Although the words sound the same when pronounced, they are not spelled the same. An example is the word deer, also spelled dear. These words have very different meanings in the english language. Homonyms can be found in all languages around the world.",open_qa What are the solar system planets?,,"Solar system planets: - Mercury - Venus - Earth - Mars - Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune",brainstorming What is a head rowing race?,"Head races are time trial / processional races that take place from autumn (fall) to early spring (depending on local conditions). Boats begin with a rolling start at intervals of 10 – 20 seconds, and are timed over a set distance. Head courses usually vary in length from 2,000 metres (1.24 mi) to 12,000 metres (7.46 mi), though there are longer races such as the Boston Rowing Marathon and shorter such as Pairs Head.","A head rowing race is a time trial race where rowing boats race on a rolling start with short time gaps between start times. Courses vary in length from 2,000 meters to 12,000 meters.",summarization How do electric cars work?,,"An electric car, battery electric car, or all-electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using only energy stored in batteries. Compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric cars are quieter, have no exhaust emissions, and lower emissions overall. In the United States and the European Union, as of 2020, the total cost of ownership of recent electric vehicles is cheaper than that of equivalent ICE cars, due to lower fueling and maintenance costs. Charging an electric car can be done at a variety of charging stations; these charging stations can be installed in both houses and public areas.",brainstorming Give me ideas of ways to add a spicy kick to my pho.,,"You can spice up a bowl of pho by adding some sriracha sauce, fresh jalapenos, pickled jalapenos, or chili oil.",brainstorming "In relation to working out, what is a bench press, and how do you perform it?","The bench press, or chest press, is a weight training exercise where the trainee presses a weight upwards while lying on a weight training bench. Although the bench press is a full-body exercise, the muscles primarily used are the pectoralis major, the anterior deltoids, and the triceps, among other stabilizing muscles. A barbell is generally used to hold the weight, but a pair of dumbbells can also be used","The bench press is a weight training exercise targeting the chest and triceps. The trainee begins by lying down on a flat bench with a straight barbell directly on top of them. The trainee lifts the bar to extend directly above the head, and then slowly descends the bar until it touches their chest. The bar is then pressed upward until the arms are once again fully extended.",summarization What is elite shungite?,,Elite shungite is a rare stone that comes from the Karelia region of Russia. There is no place in the world other than Russia where you can source this stone. It is around 2 billion years old. It is a a rare positive stone and is one of the only known natural materials known to contain fullerenes. Fullerenes are are powerful antioxidants. When these fullerenes get into our body its one of the best ways to fight free radicals.,open_qa What is absolute URL?,,The full Internet address of a page or other World Wide Web resource,open_qa Which French philosopher created analytical geometry,,Rene Decartes,open_qa "Identify which teams in the following list are hockey teams: Buffalo Sabres, Detroit Red Wings, Florida Panthers, Montreal Canadiens, New England Patriots, Pittsburgh Pirates, new York Yankees, Texas Rangers, Manchester United, Ottawa Senators, Tampa Bay Lightning, Toronto Maple Leafs, Chelsea, Liverpool FC, Los Angeles Lakers, Toronto Raptors, Arizona Coyotes, Chicago Blackhawks, Colorado Avalanche, Dallas Stars, Minnesota Wild, Pittsburgh Steelers",,"The NHL teams in this list are as follows: Buffalo Sabres, Detroit Red Wings, Florida Panthers, Montreal Canadiens, Ottawa Senators, Tampa Bay Lightning, Toronto Maple Leafs, Arizona Coyotes, Chicago Blackhawks, Colorado Avalanche, Dallas Stars, and the Minnesota Wild.",classification What are some basic spirits you should have at your bar,,"Often times socializing with friends and neighbors includes spirits or alcohol. Some of the important spirts to have at your house to capture the wide variety of taste include Beer Red Wine White Wine Bourbon (preferably Basil Hayden) Whiskey Vodka Rum Tequila Triple Sec Mixers such as Cola, club soda, tonic water, juices, and ice",open_qa From the passage identify the various products and services which are provided by HDFC Bank including the digital products. Display the results in comma separated format.,"HDFC Bank Limited (also known as HDB) is an Indian banking and financial services company headquartered in Mumbai. It is India's largest private sector bank by assets and world's 10th largest bank by market capitalisation as of April 2021. It is the third largest company by market capitalisation of $127.16 billion on the Indian stock exchanges. It is also the fifteenth largest employer in India with nearly 150,000 employees. HDFC Bank was incorporated in 1994 as a subsidiary of the Housing Development Finance Corporation, with its registered office in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Its first corporate office and a full-service branch at Sandoz House, Worli were inaugurated by the then Union Finance Minister, Manmohan Singh. As of 30 June 2022, the bank's distribution network was at 6,378 branches across 3,203 cities. It has installed 430,000 POS terminals and issued 23,570,000 debit cards and 12 million credit cards in FY 2017. It has a base of 1,52,511 permanent employees as of 30 June 2022. HDFC Bank provides a number of products and services including wholesale banking, retail banking, treasury, auto loans, two-wheeler loans, personal loans, loans against property, consumer durable loan, lifestyle loan and credit cards. Along with this various digital products are Payzapp and SmartBUY.","wholesale banking, retail banking, treasury, auto loans, two-wheeler loans, personal loans, loans against property, consumer durable loan, lifestyle loan , credit cards, Payzapp, SmartBUY",information_extraction What are artificial neural networks?,"Artificial neural networks (ANNs), usually simply called neural networks (NNs) or neural nets, are computing systems inspired by the biological neural networks that constitute animal brains. An ANN is based on a collection of connected units or nodes called artificial neurons, which loosely model the neurons in a biological brain. Each connection, like the synapses in a biological brain, can transmit a signal to other neurons. An artificial neuron receives signals then processes them and can signal neurons connected to it. The ""signal"" at a connection is a real number, and the output of each neuron is computed by some non-linear function of the sum of its inputs. The connections are called edges. Neurons and edges typically have a weight that adjusts as learning proceeds. The weight increases or decreases the strength of the signal at a connection. Neurons may have a threshold such that a signal is sent only if the aggregate signal crosses that threshold. utomatically generate identifying characteristics from the examples that they process.Typically, neurons are aggregated into layers. Different layers may perform different transformations on their inputs. Signals travel from the first layer (the input layer), to the last layer (the output layer), possibly after traversing the layers multiple times.",Neural networks are computer systems inspired by the biological neural networks that constitute animal brains,closed_qa What types of BBQ can you get in North Carolina?,"Types of barbecue Just about any style of barbecue can be found in North Carolina, as the state has a diverse population. There are a few styles, however, that are historically and culturally significant. They are also the most commonly found in restaurants as well as private events. Eastern style Eastern-style barbecue is a whole-hog style of barbecue, often said to use ""every part of the hog except the squeal"". Eastern-style sauce is vinegar and pepper-based, with no tomato whatsoever. Eastern sauce is mostly used as a seasoning after the cook (although it can also be used as a mop sauce while the hog is cooking). The coleslaw served with eastern-style uses mayonnaise (or whipped salad dressing) almost universally. Lexington style Lexington style barbecue (also called Piedmont or Western style) uses a red sauce, or ""dip"", made from vinegar, tomatoes, and usually red pepper flakes, along with other spices that vary from recipe to recipe. It is most common in the Piedmont and western areas of the state. This style uses only the pork shoulder section of the pig. As with other styles of barbecue, the recipes vary widely, and can include many different ingredients, and range from slightly sweet to hot and spicy. The sauce also serves as the seasoning base for ""red slaw"" (also called ""barbecue slaw""), which is coleslaw made by using Lexington-style barbecue sauce in place of mayonnaise. Hushpuppies are usually consumed with pork shoulder and slaw. Pork ribs Pork ribs are a common alternative to the two most common types of North Carolina barbecue and a variety of festivals and competitions are held annually. Baby back ribs, sometimes called top loin ribs, are short, succulent, well-marbled ribs cut from the center section of the loin. Spare ribs come from lower down the rib cage (from the sides and upper belly of the pig). They are not quite as tender as baby backs, but are thicker, longer, and more flavorful.","You can get nearly any kind of style of barbecue in North Carolina, however there are a few styles that have a historical and cultural significance. The first is Eastern style barbecue, which features a vinegar and pepper based sauce used on a whole-hog style of barbecue. This is usually served with a coleslaw prepared with mayonnaise. The second is Lexington style, which uses a sauce made from vinegar, tomatoes and red pepper flakes. This style only uses the pork shoulder section of the pig. Lastly Pork ribs are a common style of barbecue found in North Carolina, typically found at festivals and competitions. Baby back ribs and Spare ribs are the most common cuts used.",information_extraction Is UBS a good bank,"UBS Group AG[nb 1] is a multinational investment bank and financial services company founded and based in Switzerland. Co-headquartered in the cities of Zürich and Basel, it maintains a presence in all major financial centres as the largest Swiss banking institution and the largest private bank in the world. UBS client services are known for their strict bank–client confidentiality and culture of banking secrecy.[nb 2] Because of the bank's large positions in the Americas, EMEA, and Asia Pacific markets, the Financial Stability Board considers it a global systemically important bank. Apart from private banking, UBS provides wealth management, asset management, and investment banking services for private, corporate, and institutional clients with international service. UBS manages the largest amount of private wealth in the world, counting approximately half of the world's billionaires among its clients. Despite its trimming of sell-side operations, UBS maintains a global investment bank and is considered a primary market maker. The bank also maintains numerous underground bank vaults, bunkers, and storage facilities for gold bars around the Swiss Alps and internationally. Partly due to its banking secrecy, it has been at the centre of numerous tax avoidance investigations undertaken by U.S., French, German, Israeli, and Belgian authorities. UBS operations in Switzerland and the United States were respectively ranked first and second on the 2018 Financial Secrecy Index. As of May 2022, UBS is the third largest bank in Europe with a market capitalization of $63 billion. It is one of the eight global ""Bulge Bracket"" banks. It has over CHF 3.2 trillion in assets under management (AUM), approximately CHF 2.8 trillion of which are invested assets. In June 2017, its return on invested capital was 11.1%, followed by Goldman Sachs' 9.35%, and JPMorgan Chase's 9.456%. In late 2016, UBS established a blockchain technology research lab in London to advance its cyber security and encryption of client activities. Based on regional deal flow and political influence, UBS is considered one of the ""biggest, most powerful financial institutions in the world"". The company's capital strength, security protocols, and reputation for discretion have yielded a substantial market share in banking and a high level of brand loyalty. Alternatively, it receives routine criticism for facilitating tax noncompliance and off-shore financing. UBS is a primary dealer and Forex counterparty of the U.S. Federal Reserve.","UBS Group AG is a multinational investment bank and financial services company founded and based in Switzerland. Co-headquartered in the cities of Zürich and Basel, it maintains a presence in all major financial centres as the largest Swiss banking institution and the largest private bank in the world. UBS client services are known for their strict bank–client confidentiality and culture of banking secrecy. Because of the bank's large positions in the Americas, EMEA, and Asia Pacific markets, the Financial Stability Board considers it a global systemically important bank. Apart from private banking, UBS provides wealth management, asset management, and investment banking services for private, corporate, and institutional clients with international service. UBS manages the largest amount of private wealth in the world, counting approximately half of the world's billionaires among its clients. Despite its trimming of sell-side operations, UBS maintains a global investment bank and is considered a primary market maker. The bank also maintains numerous underground bank vaults, bunkers, and storage facilities for gold bars around the Swiss Alps and internationally. Partly due to its banking secrecy, it has been at the centre of numerous tax avoidance investigations undertaken by U.S., French, German, Israeli, and Belgian authorities. UBS operations in Switzerland and the United States were respectively ranked first and second on the 2018 Financial Secrecy Index. As of May 2022, UBS is the third largest bank in Europe with a market capitalization of $63 billion. It is one of the eight global ""Bulge Bracket"" banks. It has over CHF 3.2 trillion in assets under management (AUM), approximately CHF 2.8 trillion of which are invested assets. In June 2017, its return on invested capital was 11.1%, followed by Goldman Sachs' 9.35%, and JPMorgan Chase's 9.456%. In late 2016, UBS established a blockchain technology research lab in London to advance its cyber security and encryption of client activities. Based on regional deal flow and political influence, UBS is considered one of the ""biggest, most powerful financial institutions in the world"". The company's capital strength, security protocols, and reputation for discretion have yielded a substantial market share in banking and a high level of brand loyalty. Alternatively, it receives routine criticism for facilitating tax noncompliance and off-shore financing. UBS is a primary dealer and Forex counterparty of the U.S. Federal Reserve.",closed_qa What is the Taylor rule?,,"The Taylor rule is a monetary policy targeting rule. The rule was proposed in 1992 by American economist John B. Taylor for central banks to use to stabilize economic activity by appropriately setting short-term interest rates. The rule considers the federal funds rate, the price level and changes in real income. The Taylor rule computes the optimal federal funds rate based on the gap between the desired (targeted) inflation rate and the actual inflation rate; and the output gap between the actual and natural output level. According to Taylor, monetary policy is stabilizing when the nominal interest rate is higher/lower than the increase/decrease in inflation. Thus the Taylor rule prescribes a relatively high interest rate when actual inflation is higher than the inflation target.",open_qa What is the powerhouse of the cell?,,The mitochondria is commonly referred to as the powerhouse of the cell as its primary function is the extraction of energy from food.,open_qa What animals are famously depicted playing poker in a painting?,,Dogs,open_qa What were Atari gaming consoles?,,"Gaming consoles from Atari: - Atari 2600 - Atari 5200 - Atari 7800 - Atari Jaguar - Atari Jaguar CD - Atari Lynx - Atari ST - Atari XEGS",brainstorming What was the Caribbean and Central America Action,"Caribbean and Central American Action was a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization which has hosted the annual Miami Conference on the Caribbean & Central America for 33 years. The organization has a multinational Board of Trustees, currently headed by Cornelius B. Prior, Jr., and is based in Washington, DC. Among the public figures speaking at the 33rd conference, held in 2009 in Miami, were the Prime Minister of Haiti, Jean-Max Bellerive, Canada's Minister of State of Foreign Affairs, Peter Kent and Puerto Rico's Secretary of State, Kenneth McClintock. The organization's policy-oriented programs have focused on tourism, financial services, policy and regulatory environments for business in the Americas, energy security, maritime port security, disaster mitigation, customs, telecommunications, intellectual property rights, information technology, agriculture and telecommunications. Cabinet-level officials have represented the United States at prior conferences The organization has closed","Caribbean and Central American Action was a non-profit organization which has hosted the annual Miami Conference on the Caribbean & Central America for 33 years. The organization has a multinational Board of Trustees, currently headed by Cornelius B. Prior, Jr., and is based in Washington, DC. Among the public figures speaking at the 33rd conference, held in 2009 in Miami, were the Prime Minister of Haiti, Jean-Max Bellerive, Canada's Minister of State of Foreign Affairs, Peter Kent and Puerto Rico's Secretary of State, Kenneth McClintock. The organization's policy-oriented programs have focused on tourism, financial services, policy and regulatory environments for business in the Americas, energy security, maritime port security, disaster mitigation, customs, telecommunications, intellectual property rights, information technology, agriculture and telecommunications. Cabinet-level officials have represented the United States at prior conferences. The organization has closed.",closed_qa What is gRPC?,,"gRPC (gRPC Remote Procedure Calls) is a cross-platform open source high performance remote procedure call (RPC) framework. gRPC was initially created by Google, which used a single general-purpose RPC infrastructure called Stubby to connect the large number of microservices running within and across its data centers from about 2001.",open_qa What are some quick dinners that I can make during the week?,,"Some good ideas for quick dinners that you can make in 15-30 min or less include several pasta dishes like carbonara, basil pesto and pasta Alfredo or dishes that come quickly together like Chinese style fried rice to which you can add different proteins like shrimp, chicken or meat or tofu if you'd rather go for a vegetarian option. Salads are also a good candidate for quick dinners since you can be quite flexible in your combinations and usually do not require to heat up or cook any of the ingredients.",brainstorming What is the best way to get a good night of rest.,,Do not look at any screens with blue light 1 hour before bed. Drink tea. Meditate. Ensure there is no light in the room and it is a quiet space. Optimal temperature is 65 degrees.,brainstorming Please describe what is oil and give me a list of it’s applications.,"An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and is hydrophobic (does not mix with water) & lipophilic (mixes with other oils). Oils are usually flammable and surface active. Most oils are unsaturated lipids that are liquid at room temperature. The general definition of oil includes classes of chemical compounds that may be otherwise unrelated in structure, properties, and uses. Oils may be animal, vegetable, or petrochemical in origin, and may be volatile or non-volatile. They are used for food (e.g., olive oil), fuel (e.g., heating oil), medical purposes (e.g., mineral oil), lubrication (e.g. motor oil), and the manufacture of many types of paints, plastics, and other materials. Specially prepared oils are used in some religious ceremonies and rituals as purifying agents.","An oil is a chemical substance that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and may be animal, vegetable or petrochemical in origin. Oil is used in a wide range of applications and is essential to everyday human life. These are: Cooking - edible vegetable and animal oils are used for various purposes in cooking and food preparation Cosmetics - most facial cleansers, lotions and hair care products contain molecules that come from mineral and vegetable oils Fuel - crude oil is refined and converted to diesel, gasoline or jet fuel to power cars, trucks and planes Heating - petrochemical oil is used for heating Painting - oil is used as a supporting medium for paints Lubrication - oils are used in various engineering purposes as they do not easily adhere to other substance which makes them useful as lubricants Religion - oil has been used throughout history as a religious medium. It is often considered a spiritually purifying agent and is used to anointing purposes Health - oils holds lots of fats and medical properties, for example fish oil holds the omega-3 fatty acid which helps with inflammation and reduces fat in the bloodstream",summarization "What band sang ""Clint Eastwood""?",,"""Clint Eastwood"" is a song by Gorillaz off their self-titled album.",open_qa Who was General Sir Henry Clinton,,"General Sir Henry Clinton, KB (16 April 1730 – 23 December 1795) was a British Army officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1772 and 1795. He is best known for his service as a general during the American War of Independence. First arriving in Boston in May 1775, from 1778 to 1782 he was the British Commander-in-Chief in North America. In addition to his military service, due to the influence of his cousin Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle, he was a Member of Parliament for many years. Late in life he was named Governor of Gibraltar, but died before assuming the post.",open_qa how to fight a speeding ticket?,,"Three common ways to resolve a speeding tickets are 1. taking a defensive driving course: it takes about 20 hours to complete the course content but you can speed it up by playing the videos at 2x speed with a chrome plug-in. Some people just let the video play like background noise and do whatever is on the side. 2. hire an attorney to take care of it, the cost depends on your ticket details and varies based on attorneys. But it is the most care-free way as the attorney deals with the court on your behalf. There is no guarantee it always succeeds though. 3. go to the court yourself and fight it. This takes a lot of gut because you will need to face the judge and prosecuting attorney or the traffic policy on the court the defend yourself.",brainstorming Hepatitis B and C can cause what type of cancer?,"Higher rates of liver cancer occur where hepatitis B and C are common, including Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Males are more often affected with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than females. Diagnosis is most frequent among those 55 to 65 years old.","Liver cancer (also known as hepatic cancer, primary hepatic cancer, or primary hepatic malignancy) is cancer that starts in the liver. Liver cancer can be primary (starts in liver) or secondary (meaning cancer which has spread from elsewhere to the liver, known as liver metastasis). Liver metastasis is more common than that which starts in the liver. Liver cancer is increasing globally. Primary liver cancer is globally the sixth-most frequent cancer and the fourth-leading cause of death from cancer. In 2018, it occurred in 841,000 people and resulted in 782,000 deaths globally. Higher rates of liver cancer occur where hepatitis B and C are common, including Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Males are more often affected with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than females. Diagnosis is most frequent among those 55 to 65 years old. The leading cause of liver cancer is cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, hepatitis C or alcohol. Other causes include aflatoxin, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver flukes. The most common types are HCC, which makes up 80% of cases and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The diagnosis may be supported by blood tests and medical imaging, with confirmation by tissue biopsy. Given that there are many different causes of liver cancer, there are many approaches to liver cancer prevention. These efforts include immunization against hepatitis B, hepatitis B treatment, hepatitis C treatment, decreasing alcohol use, decreasing exposure to aflatoxin in agriculture, and management of obesity and diabetes. Screening is recommended in those with chronic liver disease. For example, it is recommended that people with chronic liver disease who are at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma be screened every 6 months using ultrasound imaging. Because liver cancer is an umbrella term for many types of cancer, the signs and symptoms depend on what type of cancer is present. Symptoms can be vague and broad. Cholangiocarcinoma is associated with sweating, jaundice, abdominal pain, weight loss and liver enlargement. Hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with abdominal mass, abdominal pain, emesis, anemia, back pain, jaundice, itching, weight loss and fever. Treatment options may include surgery, targeted therapy and radiation therapy. In certain cases, ablation therapy, embolization therapy or liver transplantation may be used.",information_extraction Is Lake Tahoe a beautiful place for vacation/cabin rentals to immerse into nature?,,"Lake Tahoe is one of the largest Alpine lake in United States. The meaning of 'Alpine' is nestled high in the Mountains (Sierra Mountains here) surrounded with thousands of miles of forest, Wildlife and Mountain air. This unique fresh-water lake is also one of the most beautiful places to visit in the country, and every view of the lake is nothing less than breathtaking. Sitting directly on the California-Nevada border, Lake Tahoe is best known for its world-class ski resorts and casinos, but also offers a multitude of exciting, fun and relaxing things to experience, and unlimited places to explore during any time of the year. This is one of the sought out places to visit year round.",creative_writing "Why should people consider going on holiday in Henley on Thames, UK?",,"Henley on Thames is a village in England 45 minutes west of London by train. Whether you're an avid walker, ale enthusiast, or history buff this small sanctuary on the Thames will surely hold something for you. Touted as one of the oldest market towns in England, Henley has a lively high street and village center. The storefronts include cafes, restaurants, clothing boutiques, art galleries, and antique shops - many are locally owned small businesses. Be sure to check out the award winning butcher, Gabriel Machin, located right on the town square. A stroll along the Thames is the perfect after lunch activity. If you head west along the village side of the river, you'll pass the River and Rowing museum. This is an excellent museum showcasing the history of the significance of the Thames in this region, as well as a Wind and the Willows exhibit for children. You can also choose to cross the bridge and walk the historic regatta path along the Thames heading east. This is where university rowing teams congregate every year for the annual regatta in July; this brings in thousands of visitors to the village during the summer months. You won't struggle for choice of the towns many historic pubs and restaurants. Enjoy a pint outside on the river deck at the Angel on the Bridge before making you way to one of the towns many restaurant and food options.",creative_writing What are the things I should consider when purchasing an electric car?,,"Here are the things you should consider when purchasing an electric car: * the range - make sure it’s enough to cover your expected use. Range anxiety is real. * the efficiency - the more efficient it is, the less batteries, and therefore weight, you have to carry around * the charging network - will you have a reliable place to charge when you’re not able to charge at home? * the price - does it fit your budget? * the fun factor - will you enjoy the driving experience? * the buying experience - is the company known for an easy or painful buying experience?",brainstorming "Tell me what continent are these countries located: China, United States, India, France, Brazil.",,"China and India are in Asia, United States is in North America, France is in Europe, and Brazil is in South America.",classification Queen Elizabeth II was crowned at Westminster Abbey on which date?,,"June 2,1953",open_qa What is profit?,,"A person or company can sell a product or service, and mark up the cost to the customer over what it costs them to produce. The amount of money that you can sell something for, over the amount of money it cost to produce and sell that item, is profit.",open_qa "Which of the following numbers are odd and which are even: 1, 35, 72, 64, 103, 29, 16, 41, 22",,"These numbers are odd: 1, 35, 103, 29, 41. And these numbers are even: 72, 64, 16, 22.",classification "Imagine you are at the beach in Hawaii at sunset time. Describe what you see, smell and hear as you relax on a beach chair.",,"There is a beautiful sunset tonight, with every color of the rainbow painting the clouds in the sky. The horizon is still lit by the last rays of the sun, while higher up the sky is a beautiful cotton candy pink before bleeding into vibrant red and then fading into the fast approaching twilight. I'm watching a palm tree sway in the breeze, and I can hear the crashing waves and leaves rustling, along with the sounds of children playing in the surf and a nearby restaurant set up their bar for the night. The ocean breeze carries the smell of salt water through the air and mixes with the scent of the flowers from the nearby gardens.",creative_writing What is a synapse notebook?,,"A synapse notebook is a technology built by Microsoft that takes advantage of spark pools. This is an environment that Data Scientists, Machine Learning Engineers, and Data Engineers can work in to build models, data engineering workflows, and neural networks to name a few. It is very similar to Jupyter notebook style. These notebooks environments enable code to be written in a modular format in different cells which can be executed independently of one another.",open_qa "Given the following paragraph about Latin Text, what does ""Dona nobis pacem"" mean in English?","""Dona nobis pacem"" (Ecclesiastical Latin: [ˈdona ˈnobis ˈpatʃem], ""Give us peace"") is a round for three parts to a short Latin text from the Agnus Dei. The melody has been passed orally. The round is part of many hymnals and songbooks. Beyond use at church, the round has been popular for secular quests for peace, such as the reunification of Germany.","""Give us peace""",closed_qa What are the different ways to save money?,,"There are many ways, but to do a deep analysis, you must first understand where you spend the most money. Here are some opportunities to save money -eliminate recurring expenses such as subscriptions -refinance expensive loans such as your mortgage -reduce unnecessary or luxuries such as an outside coffee -use your labor instead of hiring someone to do the work -eat at home rather than eating out",brainstorming What articles of clothing do people typically wear in the winter?,,"In the winter, when the weather is typically colder, people generally wear long pants or skirts with nylons, a long sleeve shirt or multiple layers of shirts (like a shirt with a sweater), and a jacket. For footwear, it is common to wear shoes that offer more protection, like boots, and thicker or longer socks. Gloves and hats are also worn in extreme cold weather.",brainstorming What is the route to eternal happiness?,,"Being at peace with oneself is the route to happiness. When our minds are not running after material goals but instead being comfortable in the current and now, that's what leads to sustained happiness. Else one is running after temporal happiness, which come in the form of something that satisfies us in the moment but us not sustaining - e.g. watching TV or eating good food. Eternal happiness comes from the state of mind and not from achieving a goal we are conditioned towards",open_qa Write a paragraph of a blog post describing the appeal of a weekend stay at Blue Ridge Parkway?,,"Blue Ridge Parkway is an incredible place to see the leaves change colors in Autumn. The magic happens during the month of October, usually towards late month depending on the altitude. The colors are so serene you would want to stay for longer than a weekend. For the best experience try driving some distance along the Blue Ridge Parkway, changing directions and elevations, instead of finding one spot to capture all. Plan your stay in Asheville, NC area which has great collection of hotels and restaurants and drive around the scenic roads to catch the colors.",creative_writing "With given text as a reference, Please jot down some details about Central Michigan University","Central Michigan University (CMU) is a public research university in Mount Pleasant, Michigan. Established in 1892 as the Central Michigan Normal School and Business Institute, the private normal school became a state institution and renamed Central State Normal School in 1895 after the Michigan State Board of Education took over governance of the school. The institution came into its own as a university and gained its current name Central Michigan University in 1959 under the university's 6th president Judson W. Foust.","1. Located in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, Central Michigan University (CMU) is a public research university. 2. The private normal school, which had been founded in 1892 as the Central Michigan Normal School and Business Institute, changed its name to Central State Normal School in 1895 after the Michigan State Board of Education assumed control of the institution's management. 3. Under the leadership of Judson W. Foust, the university's sixth president, the institution began to take shape as a university and adopted its present name in 1959.",summarization "Write a letter to a home seller named Ms Johnson explaining why we are interested in purchasing her home. We are a person from Washington and a person from Colorado. Focus on the natural beauty of the home, the location, and the extra space for pottery and woodworking.",,"Dear Ms. Johnson, We recently made the decision to relocate and feel that your property will be the perfect place for us to begin our new chapter. It is clear to see the care and attention you have put into expanding and maintaining this home over the years and we look forward to continuing to do the same as homeowners. I am originally from Washington, and my partner is from Colorado. We met in college and have grown our life out of state together for the past twelve years. The last two years have given us more flexibility and helped us realize that what is most important to us is building a home together where we feel safe and close to family, but also inspired and fulfilled. We feel that is exactly what your home will bring to our lives. The unique, natural design of the house and the stunning and spacious lot provide both an immediately comfortable home with room to grow over the years. We look forward to building out the garage with a woodworking shop, setting up the artist shed on the river as a pottery studio, cooking meals for friends and family in the wonderful kitchen, and finding a perfect spot in the yard for a vegetable garden. We want to care and tend this home much as you have for the years you have lived here, and we sincerely appreciate being considered as the next owners of this beautiful property.",creative_writing When was the Goan civil code established?,"The Goa Civil Code, also called the Goa Family Law, is the set of civil laws that governs the residents of the Indian state of Goa. The Goan civil code was introduced after Portuguese Goa and Damaon were elevated from being mere Portuguese colonies to the status of a Província Ultramarina (Overseas possession) in 1869 AD. The Goan civil code is a Indianised variant of Portuguese legal system that draws largely from Code Napoleon, a common legal system in a number of Continental European nations, Indian law mostly derives from English common law that was formulated and applied in British India, and remains pegged to developments in the ""Charter of the British Commonwealth"". With a number of amendments, post the Partition of India, Indian laws as a whole, have religion-specific civil codes that separately govern adherents of different religions; (like the Muslim and Hindu personal laws,) and also has caste reservations. Goa and Damaon are an exception to that rule, in that a single code governs all the native Goans and the native Damanese of Damaon, Diu& Silvassa, irrespective of affiliation to religion, ethnicity& social strata. The English translation of the civil code| is available on the Government of Goa's e-Gazette| dated 19/10/2018.",It was established in 1869 AD after the Portuguese Goa and Damaon were no longer considered colonies.,information_extraction Extract the platforms that the game can be played on and separate them with a comma.,"Horizon Zero Dawn is a 2017 action role-playing game developed by Guerrilla Games and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment. It is the first game of the Horizon video game series. The plot follows Aloy, a young hunter in a world overrun by machines, who sets out to uncover her past. The player uses ranged weapons, a spear, and stealth to combat mechanical creatures and other enemy forces. A skill tree provides the player with new abilities and bonuses. The player can explore the open world to discover locations and take on side quests. It is the first game in the Horizon series and was released for the PlayStation 4 in 2017 and Windows in 2020.","PlayStation, Windows",information_extraction "In one sentence, what is this paragraph conveying?","A person's last words, their final articulated words stated prior to death or as death approaches, are often recorded because of the decedent's fame, but sometimes because of interest in the statement itself. (People dying of illness are frequently inarticulate at the end, and in such cases their actual last utterances may not be recorded or considered very important.) Last words may be recorded accurately, or, for a variety of reasons, may not. Reasons can include simple error or deliberate intent. Even if reported wrongly, putative last words can constitute an important part of the perceived historical records or demonstration of cultural attitudes toward death at the time.","The paragraph talk about the finals recorded words a person says at the time of death, and how they could be historically or culturally significance.",closed_qa How many strings are on a violin?,,Four,open_qa "Tell me which one of the following countries are in the European Union: The Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany, Finland, the United Kingdom, Italy, Luxembourg, Turkey, Australia, Vietnam, Canada.",,"The Netherlands, Germany, Finland, Italy and Luxembourg are in the European Union. Rest of the countries: Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Australia, Vietnam and Canada are not a part of the European Union but might have deals allowing them to benefit from the certain conveniences of the European Union such as free trade. For example, while Switzerland has very close ties with European Union nations and has similar benefits, they are not a part of the EU. Switzerland enjoys benefits such as freedom of movement of people between the EU member states and Switzerland, this is due to a separate agreement: Agreement on the Free Movement of Persons (AFMP).",classification Summarize the argument and tell me who won,"There was a dispute between Crosby and the sponsor over what theme tune should be used. Woodbury Soap and its agency, Lennon & Mitchell, considered that the tune ‘Loveliness’ which had always been the theme of the Woodbury programs should continue. Crosby argued that the logical theme for the stanza was ""Where the Blue of the Night (Meets the Gold of the Day)"", on the grounds that the song had been identified with him ever since he had been on the air. Eventually Woodbury conceded to the singer. Other problems arose with Dale Winbrow, who had been sent out to the West coast from New York by the Lennon & Mitchell agency to resolve the theme tune argument and supervise the show. Winbrow listened to the program that Crosby and Lennie Hayton had prepared for the next broadcast and was very critical of it. “The flare up that was provoked from Crosby wound up with the warbler and Hayton declaring themselves out of the show. The baritone’s management later prevailed upon him to hold on while the situation was being straightened out with the agency on the New York end.”","Crosby and the sponsor, Woodbury Soap, argued over what theme tune should be used. Woodbury Soap and its agency, Lennon & Mitchell, argued that ‘Loveliness’ should be chosen because it had always been used for Woodbury programs. Crosby disagreed and insisted that ""Where the Blue of the Night (Meets the Gold of the Day)"" would be better given that the song had been identified with him ever since he had been on the air. In the end, Crosby won the argument as Woodbury conceded to the singer.",information_extraction What is the Couple's Retreat Garden?,"Couple's Retreat Garden (Chinese: 耦园; pinyin: Ǒu Yuán; Suzhou Wu: Ngeu yoe, Wu Chinese: [ŋøʏ ɦyø]) located in Suzhou city, Jiangsu province, China is a famous classical Chinese garden. It is recognized with other classical Suzhou gardens as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.","The original garden was built by Lu Jin, prefect of Baoning district, in 1874. It was purchased by Shen Bingcheng, the magistrate of Susong. who rebuilt it in its current form. He also changed the name to the Couple's Garden Retreat. This name refers to the garden's two parts and alludes to a couple. It is recognized with other classical Suzhou gardens as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The 0.33 ha garden is divided into an east and west section by the residential core in the middle; an unusual composition for a classical garden. The eccentric design is continued in the form and details of many of the garden buildings, especially the Taoism Tower. The garden is located in the intersection of canals and is surrounded by water on three sides. It is accessible directly from the canal by boat. The West garden is composed of several structures grouped around a small grotto and a Library annex. It is structurally joined to the central residence. East Garden is the main garden of the complex. It consists of a grotto and pond ringed by a covered walkway that connects the structures. A smaller fruit orchard annex is attached.",information_extraction "Given the following note about training in a specific style of karate, tell me why its practitioners consider its fist alignment to offer advantages for their striking.","Shōrin-ryū is generally characterized by natural breathing, natural (narrow, high) stances, and circular, rather than direct movements. Shōrin-ryū practitioners assert that correct motion, moving quickly to evade violence with fluid movements and flexible positions are important, and that a solid structure is vital for powerful blocks and strikes. Stances that are too deep generally make body movement difficult. Another feature in this system is how the student is taught to punch. Generally, there is neither a horizontal nor vertical punch in Shōrin-ryū. Punches are slightly canted to the inside (Isshin-ryū), with the largest knuckle of the forefinger (third from the tip) in vertical alignment with the second knuckle of the pinky finger. It is believed that this position is key in lining up the bones of the arm and creates a faster, more stable and powerful strike.","Practitioners of Shōrin-ryū believe lining up the second and third knuckle, along with the bones of the arm, enables them to deliver faster and more powerful punches.",closed_qa How does the German voting system work?,,"Each voter has two votes. The first vote is for a direct constituency candidate. The candidate with the relative majority receives a guaranteed seat in parliament. The second vote is for a party's list of candidates, which applies at the state level. The second vote determines the overall proportional party representation in the parliament. Overhang seats might be added to satisfy the direct mandates from the first vote.",open_qa Why are people eating eggs at Easter,"Easter eggs, also called Paschal eggs, are eggs that are decorated for the Christian feast of Easter, which celebrates the resurrection of Jesus. As such, Easter eggs are common during the season of Eastertide (Easter season). The oldest tradition, which continues to be used in Central and Eastern Europe, is to use dyed and painted chicken eggs. Although eggs, in general, were a traditional symbol of fertility and rebirth, in Christianity, for the celebration of Eastertide, Easter eggs symbolize the empty tomb of Jesus, from which Jesus was resurrected. In addition, one ancient tradition was the staining of Easter eggs with the colour red ""in memory of the blood of Christ, shed as at that time of his crucifixion."" This custom of the Easter egg, according to many sources, can be traced to early Christians of Mesopotamia, and from there it spread into Eastern Europe and Siberia through the Orthodox Churches, and later into Europe through the Catholic and Protestant Churches. Mediaevalist scholars normally conclude that the custom of Easter eggs has its roots in the prohibition of eggs during Lent after which, on Easter, they have been blessed for the occasion. A modern custom in some places is to substitute chocolate eggs wrapped in coloured foil, hand-carved wooden eggs, or plastic eggs filled with confectionery such as chocolate.","Easter eggs, also called Paschal eggs, are eggs that are decorated for the Christian feast of Easter, which celebrates the resurrection of Jesus. As such, Easter eggs are common during the season of Eastertide (Easter season). The oldest tradition, which continues to be used in Central and Eastern Europe, is to use dyed and painted chicken eggs. Although eggs, in general, were a traditional symbol of fertility and rebirth, in Christianity, for the celebration of Eastertide, Easter eggs symbolize the empty tomb of Jesus, from which Jesus was resurrected. In addition, one ancient tradition was the staining of Easter eggs with the colour red ""in memory of the blood of Christ, shed as at that time of his crucifixion."" This custom of the Easter egg, according to many sources, can be traced to early Christians of Mesopotamia, and from there it spread into Eastern Europe and Siberia through the Orthodox Churches, and later into Europe through the Catholic and Protestant Churches. Mediaevalist scholars normally conclude that the custom of Easter eggs has its roots in the prohibition of eggs during Lent after which, on Easter, they have been blessed for the occasion. A modern custom in some places is to substitute chocolate eggs wrapped in coloured foil, hand-carved wooden eggs, or plastic eggs filled with confectionery such as chocolate.",closed_qa What is the plot of Kuroko's Basketball?,"The Teiko Middle School basketball team dominated basketball teams within Japan, winning the middle school Nationals for three consecutive years. The star players of the team became known as the ""Generation of Miracles"". After graduating from middle school, the five star players went to different high schools with top basketball teams. However, there was a rumor that there was another player in the ""Generation of Miracles"": a phantom sixth man. This mysterious player is now a freshman at Seirin High, a new school with a powerful, if little-known, team. Now, Tetsuya Kuroko – the sixth member of the ""Generation of Miracles"", and Taiga Kagami – a naturally talented player who spent most of his youth in the US, aim to bring Seirin to the top of Japan by taking on Kuroko's former teammates one by one. The series chronicles Seirin's rise to become Japan's number one high school team. The Generation of Miracles include Ryota Kise, Shintaro Midorima, Daiki Aomine, Atsushi Murasakibara, and Seijuro Akashi.","Kuroko's Basketball is an anime about basketball. The story starts with Teiko Middle School where 6 talented players are known as the Generation of Miracles and they went undefeated for 3 years. However, all of the players split off for high school. The protagonist, Tetsuya, is the mysterious sixth man who comes to Seirin high school and meets Taiga Kagami, who is a naturally talented American player. The show focuses on this duo beating the rest of the Generation of Miracles to become the top Japanese high school basketball team.",summarization Give me a simple summary of idempotency,"Idempotence (UK: /ˌɪdɛmˈpoʊtəns/, US: /ˈaɪdəm-/) is the property of certain operations in mathematics and computer science whereby they can be applied multiple times without changing the result beyond the initial application. The concept of idempotence arises in a number of places in abstract algebra (in particular, in the theory of projectors and closure operators) and functional programming (in which it is connected to the property of referential transparency). The term was introduced by American mathematician Benjamin Peirce in 1870 in the context of elements of algebras that remain invariant when raised to a positive integer power, and literally means ""(the quality of having) the same power"", from idem + potence (same + power).","Idempotency is a mathematical property where if you apply an operation multiple times, the result remains the same -- just as if you had only applied the operation once. Idempotency can grant you at-most-once semantics.",summarization "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Zither, Khlui",,"Zither is string, Khlui is woodwind.",classification What are good female celebrity costumes for an 80s party?,,"There are many amazing 80s female costume options to choose from. See the list below for a few top choices: - Madonna - Jem and the Holograms - Pamela Anderson - Punky Brewster - Lady Diana - Alex Owens from Flashdance - The Golden Girls - She-Ra - Tina Turner",brainstorming "When I ski, at the end of the turn, I'm not able to get good grip at the end of the turn and the tail washout, why does this happen?",,"There are several factors that can contribute to ski not having grip at the end of the turn and the tails washout. First thing is to make sure your ski edges are sharp, if they are not sharp, you can visit your local ski shop and have the ski shop tune your ski edges. Once you've made sure your ski edges are sharp, then this might be caused by either incorrect fore-aft balance and/or lateral balance. If you are too forward at the end of the turn, meaning you feel more pressure on the ball of your foot, then that will cause the tail of the skis to not be able to bite into the snow and cause it to skid out. At the end of the turn, you want to bring your feet forward and aim to have at least half of the pressure just in front of the heel of the foot, this will allow the edge along the tail of the ski to bite into the snow. If you have too much pressure on the uphill foot, for example, you are leaning up the hill or transferred your weight too early onto the new downhill foot, that can also cause your current downhill foot to not get enough grip and washout. Try have majority of your weight on your downhill foot until the turn is finished before transferring majority of the weight to the new downhill foot. It will also be helpful to find a good ski instructor at your local resort or online to look at your skiing and provide feedback.",creative_writing Which is a species of fish? Walu or Whitehead,,Walu,classification Where is the planet mars?,,"Mars is the fourth planet from the sun. It is also the seconds smallest planet in the Milky Way Solar System. The name ""mars"" means the Roman God of War in the English language. Mars is also called the ""red planet"" because of how red the surface looks when viewing it through a telescope from Earth. You may have also heard the name ""Mars"" used as an analog ""Men are from Mars and Women are from Venus.""",open_qa "Which of the following are names of flowers: daffodil, rose, quinoa, lily, daisy, elm, pyrite, violet, jade, leather, polycarbonate, jasmine",,"daffodil, rose, lily, daisy, violet, jasmine",classification "I want to try shooting sports, Can you throw some light on this using the given text as a reference?","Shooting sports is a group of competitive and recreational sporting activities involving proficiency tests of accuracy, precision and speed in shooting — the art of using ranged weapons, mainly small arms (firearms and airguns, in forms such as handguns, rifles and shotguns) and bows/crossbows.","1. A group of competitive and leisure sports activities is referred to as shooting sports. 2. It involves shooting competency examinations that measure accuracy, precision, and speed. Shooting is the art of employing ranged weapons, mostly small arms (firearms and airguns, in forms such pistols, rifles, and shotguns), as well as bows and crossbows.",summarization What is feeding Springfield Reservoir?,"The Broad Brook Canal is a water-supply canal feeding the Springfield Reservoir (a.k.a. the Ludlow Reservoir) in Ludlow, Massachusetts, a public water supply for the city of Springfield, Massachusetts. Its northern segment is also known as the Jabish Canal. The canal was first constructed circa 1875. It was 11,960 feet (3,650 m) in length, and fed the Springfield Reservoir at its eastern side with water collected in the Belchertown Reservoir and swamp. This water, however, was thought to be of poor quality, and thus in 1890–1891 the canal was extended north through the Belchertown Reservoir to Jabish Brook, east of Broad Brook. After this addition, the canal's total length was about 8 miles (13 km), of which 1,400 feet (430 m) ran through a cast-iron pipe (54 inches in diameter) across the Cherry Valley dam. The entire canal was worked to be 22 feet (6.7 m) wide at the surface, 8 feet (2.4 m) wide at the bottom, with a depth of 4.66 feet (1.42 m).","The Broad Brook Canal is a water supply canal feeding the Springfield Reservoir also known as Ludlow Reservoir. It is the main water supply for the city of Springfield, Massachusetts. The Broad Brook canal was constructed in 1875 and is 11,960 feet in length.",summarization Who was among the famous Roman poets?,,Virgil,open_qa What is the show Parks and Rec about?,,Parks and Rec is an American sitcom about the Parks and Recreation department of a small town in Indiana called Pawnee.,open_qa Give me a list of sports talk shows to watch while I make dinner.,,"There are several channels that have sports talk shows on around dinner time. On Fox Sports 1, there is First Things First and Undisputed with Skip and Shannon. On ESPN, there is First Take, Pardon the Interruption, and Around the Horn.",brainstorming What is considered as DACH region?,,"The DACH region comprises the three countries in the central Europe: Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The abbreviation comes a mix of first letters of countries as per international country codes, i.e. Germany (DE), Austria (AT), and Switzerland (CH).",open_qa What are some criticism of Betty Friedan's Feminine Mystique?,,"While groundbreaking, Betty Friedman took a narrow view on what the experience of a women is. She mainly focused on middle class white women. This narrow view meant she missed some of the challenges that women of other classes and races. As an example she focuses on the desire of women wanting to work without thinking about poorer women who are forced to work.",open_qa Provide me with popular girl names.,,"Popular girl names include Olivia, Emma, Charlotte, Amelia, Ava, and Sophia.",brainstorming What is an RSU?,,"A restricted stock unit or RSU is the right to receive a share of common stock (or an equivalent value in cash) upon certain vesting conditions. Following satisfaction of certain vesting conditions, the company would deliver to the holder of the RSUs whole shares of common stock, cash or a combination of common stock and cash. RSUs generally vest when two conditions are met - a service vest period has been satisfied, and an exit liquidity event has occurred prior to the expiration date of the RSUs. Some companies also require the individuals to be employed at or providing services to the company upon satisfaction of the exit liquidity event. At this time, the RSUs will be settled and taxes will be owed on the full value of the settled shares (or cash) at regular compensation tax rates (based on the fair market value of the common stock at the time of settlement). Unlike options, RSUs have value even if the value of the company declines (since there is no exercise price to pay), but still provide upside based on the company’s results over time. Because there is no exercise payment required, a grant of RSUs usually consists of a smaller number of shares than a grant of options.",brainstorming What is the smallest bird?,"Hummingbirds have varied specialized characteristics to enable rapid, maneuverable flight, exceptional metabolic capacity, adaptations to high altitude, sensitive visual and communication abilities, and long-distance migration in some species. Among all birds, male hummingbirds have the widest diversity of plumage color, particularly in blues, greens, and purples. Hummingbirds are the smallest mature birds, measuring 7.5–13 cm (3–5 in) in length. The smallest is the 5 cm (2.0 in) bee hummingbird, which weighs less than 2.0 g (0.07 oz), and the largest is the 23 cm (9.1 in) giant hummingbird, weighing 18–24 grams (0.63–0.85 oz). Noted for long beaks, hummingbirds are specialized for feeding on flower nectar, but all species also consume small insects.",Hummingbird is the smallest bird.,closed_qa What is Caracas?,"Caracas (/kəˈrækəs, -ˈrɑːk-/, Spanish: [kaˈɾakas]), officially Santiago de León de Caracas, abbreviated as CCS, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela, and the center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas (or Greater Caracas). Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the northern part of the country, within the Caracas Valley of the Venezuelan coastal mountain range (Cordillera de la Costa). The valley is close to the Caribbean Sea, separated from the coast by a steep 2,200-meter-high (7,200 ft) mountain range, Cerro El Ávila; to the south there are more hills and mountains. The Metropolitan Region of Caracas has an estimated population of almost 5 million inhabitants.","Caracas (/kəˈrækəs, -ˈrɑːk-/, Spanish: [kaˈɾakas]), officially Santiago de León de Caracas, abbreviated as CCS, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela, and the center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas (or Greater Caracas). Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the northern part of the country, within the Caracas Valley of the Venezuelan coastal mountain range (Cordillera de la Costa). The valley is close to the Caribbean Sea, separated from the coast by a steep 2,200-meter-high (7,200 ft) mountain range, Cerro El Ávila; to the south there are more hills and mountains. The Metropolitan Region of Caracas has an estimated population of almost 5 million inhabitants. The center of the city is Catedral, located near Bolívar Square, though some consider the center to be Plaza Venezuela, located in the Los Caobos area. Businesses in the city include service companies, banks, and malls. Caracas has a largely service-based economy, apart from some industrial activity in its metropolitan area. The Caracas Stock Exchange and Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA) are headquartered in Caracas. Empresas Polar is the largest private company in Venezuela. Caracas is also Venezuela's cultural capital, with many restaurants, theaters, museums, and shopping centers. Caracas has some of the tallest skyscrapers in Latin America, such as the Parque Central Towers. The Museum of Contemporary Art of Caracas is one of the most important in South America.",information_extraction From the passage identify the domains in which Athena is considered God. Display the results in a comma separated format.,"Athena (Ἀθηνᾶ, Athēnâ) Goddess of reason, wisdom, intelligence, skill, peace, warfare, battle strategy, and handicrafts. According to most traditions, she was born from Zeus's forehead, fully formed and armored, after Zeus swallowed her mother, Metis, whole. She is depicted as being crowned with a crested helm, armed with shield and spear, and wearing the aegis over a long dress. Poets describe her as ""grey-eyed"" or having especially bright, keen eyes. She is a special patron of heroes such as Odysseus. She is the patron of the city Athens (from which she takes her name) and is attributed to various inventions in arts and literature. Her symbol is the olive tree. She is commonly shown as being accompanied by her sacred animal, the owl. Her Roman counterpart is Minerva.","reason, wisdom, intelligence, skill, peace, warfare, battle strategy, handicrafts",information_extraction What caused the unprecedented five-game winning streak?,"Richmond enjoys an unprecedented five-game winning streak with Zava on the team, culminating in a win away at Old Trafford against Manchester United. Sam takes the team to celebrate at his yet-to-open Nigerian restaurant, Ola's. Ted is disturbed to learn that his ex-wife Michelle is dating their former couple's therapist, Dr. Jacob; both Sharon and Sassy validate his concern that it is an ethical violation. Jamie feels overshadowed by Zava's stardom; Roy offers to train him. Rebecca visits her mother's psychic Tish, who tells her she will one day be a mother; Rebecca angrily rebuffs Tish as a fraud, but is later stunned when Sam hands her one of the green matchbooks he is giving out to the team, in line with one of Tish's premonitions. Colin introduces his boyfriend Michael to the team as just a friend, but Trent spots them kissing in private while leaving the restaurant.","While we don't know exactly what caused the winning streak, it seems clear that a key part of the winning streak was related to Zava being on the team. We know that Jamie is overshadowed by Zava's stardom which tells us that Zava is a star, and we see that Zava was mentioned in relation to the winning streak. Therefore, we can guess that Zava joining the team helped the team to go on a five-game winning streak.",closed_qa What is red tide?,,microscopic forms of algae known as dinoflagellates can bloom into dense patches near the surface,brainstorming What are dividends?,,"A dividend is paid as a percentage on the price of an individual stock. It can be paid out quarterly, monthly, or yearly. It's a payment or distribution of earning from a company paid to shareholders and it is approved by the company's board of directors. It can be paid out as a cash payment or in company stock.",open_qa Is Sicher a software company,"Sicher (German language word meaning ""safe"", ""secure"" or ""certain"") is a freeware instant messaging application for iOS, Android, and Windows Phone. Sicher allows users to exchange end-to-end encrypted text messages, media files and documents in both private and group chats. Sicher is developed by SHAPE GmbH, German company which pioneered mobile messaging with IM+ multi-messenger app it has been offering since 2002.","Sicher (German language word meaning ""safe"", ""secure"" or ""certain"") is a freeware instant messaging application for iOS, Android, and Windows Phone. Sicher allows users to exchange end-to-end encrypted text messages, media files and documents in both private and group chats. Sicher is developed by SHAPE GmbH, German company which pioneered mobile messaging with IM+ multi-messenger app it has been offering since 2002.",summarization Locate 7 countries which are part of Central America.,"Central America (Spanish: América Central [aˈmeɾika senˈtɾal] (listen) or Centroamérica [sentɾoaˈmeɾika] (listen)) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering Mexico to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Central America usually consists of seven countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. Within Central America is the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot, which extends from northern Guatemala to central Panama. Due to the presence of several active geologic faults and the Central America Volcanic Arc, there is a high amount of seismic activity in the region, such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes which has resulted in death, injury, and property damage.","Seven countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.",information_extraction Can I PLEASE get a dog?,,"Hi! After being a tenant for nearly 7 years, I've decided I'd like to get a dog. I know we had talked in the past that I would first need to have a proven track record of taking care of the property before you would consider a dog, and I've shown that after this time. I would love to get a small dog. The companionship of a pet would be wonderful, and with it being small, there is much less concern for damage to the property. I'm also happy to sign something that says I will be responsible should any damage occur, although I am confident I can keep that from happening. Please consider this request and let me know at your earliest convenience. Thank you!",creative_writing What is a topographical unique feature of the area around Austin Texas.,"As of 2021, Austin had an estimated population of 964,177, up from 961,855 at the 2020 census. The city is the cultural and economic center of the Austin–Round Rock metropolitan statistical area, which had an estimated population of 2,295,303 as of July 1, 2020, a roughly 84% increase from the year 2000. Located in Central Texas within the greater Texas Hill Country, it is home to numerous lakes, rivers, and waterways, including Lady Bird Lake and Lake Travis on the Colorado River, Barton Springs, McKinney Falls, and Lake Walter E. Long.","Austin is located in Central Texas within the greater Texas Hill Country, it is home to numerous lakes, rivers, and waterways, including Lady Bird Lake and Lake Travis on the Colorado River, Barton Springs, McKinney Falls, and Lake Walter E. Long.",information_extraction "From the passage provided, extract when the roaring lion photograph was shot","The Roaring Lion is a black and white photographic portrait of a 67-year-old Winston Churchill as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. The portrait was taken in 1941 by Armenian-Canadian photographer Yousuf Karsh in the Centre Block on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Date and location of photography The photograph was shot on December 30, 1941, in the Speaker's Chamber of the Canadian Speaker of the House of Commons at Parliament in Ottawa after Churchill delivered his ""Some chicken, some neck"" speech on World War II to Canadian members of parliament. The brief photo session was arranged by the Canadian prime minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King.","The photograph was shot on December 30, 1941",information_extraction Give me a list of the top six premier league football clubs,,"While clubs participating in the Premier League table can end in different positions in each season, the historical top six, known commonly as the ""Big Six"", have been: - Arsenal - Chelsea - Liverpool - Manchester City - Manchester United - Tottenham These are considered the top six clubs due to their consistency and success within the Premier League and continental competitions like the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League.",brainstorming What's the best way to learn something?,,"Learning is a constant process. One way to efficiently start learning something would be to understand the fundamentals first and dive deeper into the subtopics as you get more familiar with the core concepts. Read as much as possible and create an outline on the topic. Leverage the five Ws technique of problem solving - Who, What, When, Where and Why. There are numerous ways to get familiarized with concepts. One way to do it would be to jot down your notes, try to make connections and try to simplify the ideas if possible. Assume that you are trying to explain this to a five year old, how would you build the topic, make it interesting either by visualizations, metaphors etc.? Another beneficial technique that can be of good help here, would be to put the concept into application in some form or the other. This can be done by either practicing the concepts in real life if feasible, or by observing its presence and relevance. Finally, try and teach the concepts to others. This is an extremely effective way to gain fluency and expertise on a subject.",creative_writing What was the first Pink Floyd album,,Piper at the gates of dawn,open_qa "Write a letter to my landlord, Dave, asking them to hire a plumber to repair a leaking faucet.",,"Hi Dave, I'm reaching out about our leaking sink faucet. The sink has been leaking for about a week now, and I've tried tightening the faucet and making sure that the faucet is fully closed, but it still seems to be leaking. It is a pretty constant drip, and is filling a cup up every hour. I think it probably needs to be seen by a plumber who can decide if it is fixable or needs to be replaced. Could you call a plumber and ask them to step by?",creative_writing "Using examples taken from the text give me a list of the first generation of ""skyscrapers"" located in the city of Chicago.","Early Chicago Skyscrapers is a nomination comprising nine buildings in Chicago's Loop district for inclusion on UNESCO's World Heritage Site list.Submitted by the US Department of the Interior in 2017, it is currently on the tentative list considered for nomination as a UNESCO designated World Heritage Site. Only properties that have been previously listed on a tentative list can be nominated for the World Heritage List. These buildings were constructed in the last 20 years of the 19th century and represent the first generation of ""skyscrapers"", high-rise structures reaching up to 20 stories. Construction of these buildings employed novel approaches and technologies, such as the use of steel frames, first elevators, electric lights, and terracotta fireproofing. The architects developed a new aesthetics for the exterior of this new type of buildings. The skyscrapers listed are the Auditorium Building, Second Leiter Building, Marquette Building, Rookery Building, Monadnock Building, Old Colony Building, Fisher Building, Schlesinger & Mayer Building, and Ludington Building.","Early Chicago Skyscrapers is a term which describes the nine buildings in the Loop district of Chicago, Illinois in the United States. These nine buildings were submitted by the US Department of the Interior in 2017 to be considered as a UNESCO designated World Heritage Site. These buildings are the Auditorium Building, Second Leiter Building, Marquette Building, Rookery Building, Monadnock Building, Old Colony Building, Fisher Building, Schlesinger & Mayer Building, and Ludington Building.",summarization At what age are children considered adults?,,"In general, most children are considered Adults at 18 in most parts of the world.",open_qa How should I make a good pizza tonight?,,"Make a delicious pizza by starting with the ingredients. First, gather flour, water, yeast and salt. Combine these ingredients and let the dough rise. Roll the dough into a circle. Next, gather tomatoes and crush them with a hint of salt and olive oil. Spread this mixture on top of the dough. Cover the mixture with heaps of cheese and fresh basil. Drizzle the pizza with olive oil. Then put the pizza in a very hot oven and let it cook for 6 minutes. Finally, eat your delicious pizza.",open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Megatherium, Sri Lankan Elephant",,"Megatherium is extinct, Sri Lankan Elephant is alive.",classification "Which of the following are chocolates: 5 Star, Dairy Milk, Bar One, Chips Ahoy, Oreo, Bounty, Mars, Milky Way, Lay's, Bananas.",,"5 Star, Dairy Milk, Bar One, Bounty, Mars, Milky Way are chocolates.",classification Did the dome last as long as it was designed for?,"After an ice storm in December 2015, the 13-year-old dome collapsed. It housed several events for indoor track athletes, including practices and meets, practice room for all winter sports teams, physical education classes, and various community events. The dome was designed by Air Structures American Technologies Inc. and cost $3 million at the time of its construction in 2002. It was meant to last 15–20 years.","No, it did not. The dome only lasted 13 years, but it was designed to last 15-20 years.",closed_qa "Given a reference text about Daal dhokli, tell me three commonly used daals.","Daal dhokli (Gujarati: દાળ ઢોકળી) is an Indian dish common in Rajasthani and Gujarati cuisine, made by boiling wheat flour pieces in a pigeon pea stew. A similar preparation is called varanfal (Marathi: वरण फळ), or chakolyaa (Marathi: चकोल्या) in Marathi. Preparation Daal dhokli can be made with various types of lentils (or daal). Some commonly used daals include toor (pigeon peas), masoor (red lentil), and moong (mung bean). The daal is then pressure-cooked with water and tempered with spices to create a stew. The dhokli, or wheat flour pieces, are made by kneading a dough of wheat flour, salt, and water, rolling it, and cutting into pieces. Some variations add peanuts. Other flavors in the dish can come from kokum, jaggery, and spices like cumin and asafoetida.","Three commonly used daals are toor, masoor, and moong.",closed_qa What is the best way to relax after work?,,"Ideally a person should do something post work that relaxes them. For example, take a hot shower, watch tv, cook, run, workout or anything that might interest you. I could also be beneficial to have a nice hot meal or hot tea to relax. Reading a book might also be a good option.",open_qa "Given a reference text about the Dormouse, in which novel is it a character?","The Dormouse is a character in ""A Mad Tea-Party"", Chapter VII from the 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll. The Dormouse sat between the March Hare and the Mad Hatter. They were using him as a cushion while he slept when Alice arrives at the start of the chapter. The Dormouse is always falling asleep during the scene, waking up every so often, for example to say: `You might just as well say,' added the Dormouse, who seemed to be talking in his sleep, that ""I breathe when I sleep"" is the same thing as ""I sleep when I breathe""!' He also tells a story about three young sisters who live in a treacle well, live on treacle, and draw pictures of things beginning with M, such as mousetraps, memory and muchness. He later appears, equally sleepy, at the Knave of Hearts' trial and voices resentment at Alice for growing, and his last interaction with any character is his being ""suppressed"" (amongst other things) by the Queen for shouting out that tarts are made of treacle.","The Dormouse is a character in the novel ""Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"".",closed_qa "per the context given, how would illiterate politicians able to vote?","A lettering guide template is a special type of template used to write uniform characters. It consists of a sheet of plastic or other material with cut-outs of letters, numbers, and other shapes used especially for creating technical drawings. For decades they have been essential for lettering a drawing nameplate so text and other designs could be made quickly and uniformly. Although they have been superseded by the use of computers, during the greater part of the last century they were used to relatively ease the lettering process in the creation of technical drawings. They were an indispensable tool for architects and technical illustrators in general, for labeling their drawings and plans but also for the description of projects, in which it was good practice to use a lettering template to achieve uniform and well-written text. A lettering template could also be used by people illiterate or semi-illiterate to learn to type, or improve their handwriting. In the course of political history some politicians, such as Bettino Craxi, have used them to help people with writing difficulties. They distributed cardboard templates with the sequence of characters of their last name, so they could be easily written during the voting process.",They used lettering guide templates made of cardboard with characters of their last name,closed_qa What are some edible weeds that grow well in Maryland?,,"Many edible plants grow well in Maryland without human intervention including chickweed, purslane, dandelion, and lamb's quarters. All of these plants may volunteer in a typical suburban yard or empty lot and will grow without being watered or tended to. They are all edible and nutritious.",open_qa Write an introductory email to a student I will be academically coaching through Services for Students with Disabilities office (SSD).,,"Hi Naomi, My name is Chandler, and I am your Academic Coach through the Services for Students with Disabilities office (SSD). I am looking forward to working with you during this time in your academic journey! As your academic coach, my role is to partner with you as we focus on your process of learning. During our time together we will examine your: learning experience habits of working current difficulties or barriers to success While examining these areas we will work together to: Develop individualized learning strategies and study habits Navigate campus resources Promote self-advocacy We will also focus on building and sustaining Executive Functioning skills such as: Time Management Organization Self-regulation Self-efficacy I look forward to hearing back from you.",creative_writing Name some fruits that have yellow or orange skin.,,"Bananas, Lemons, Oranges, Nectarines and Apricots all have yellow or orange skin.",brainstorming "Complete this saying: The early birds get the ___""",,"The saying is ""The early bird gets the worm""",open_qa Can you help me avoid credit card debt?,,"Here are some strategies to avoid credit card debt: 1. Set a monthly spending budget and stay within it. 2. Always pay off your entire credit card bill each month. 3. Identify areas where you can reduce your spend (eating out, gifts, etc.)",brainstorming "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Velociraptor, Pacific Salmon",,"Velociraptor is extinct, Pacific Salmon is alive.",classification "What is ""Cien años de soledad""?","One Hundred Years of Solitude is a novel by Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez , winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982. It is considered a masterpiece of Spanish-American and universal literature, as well as one of the most translated and read works in Spanish . 1 It was listed as one of the most important works of the Spanish language during the IV International Congress of the Spanish Language held in Cartagena de Indias in March 2007. 2 It was included in the list of the 100 best novels in Spanish of the 20th century by the Spanish newspaper El Mundo , 3 on the list of the 100 books of the 20th century by the French newspaper Le Monde and in the 100 best books of all time by the Norwegian Book Club . 4","One Hundred Years of Solitude is a novel by Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez , winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982. It is considered a masterpiece of Spanish-American and universal literature, as well as one of the most translated and read works in Spanish . 1 It was listed as one of the most important works of the Spanish language during the IV International Congress of the Spanish Language held in Cartagena de Indias in March 2007. 2 It was included in the list of the 100 best novels in Spanish of the 20th century by the Spanish newspaper El Mundo , 3 on the list of the 100 books of the 20th century by the French newspaper Le Monde and in the 100 best books of all time by the Norwegian Book Club . 4 The first edition of the novel was published in Buenos Aires in May 1967 by the Sudamericana publishing house , 5 with a great reception from critics and the public, and had an initial total edition of 8,000 copies. To date, more than 30 million copies have been sold and it has been translated into 35 languages. 1",information_extraction What is s3 equivalent in Azure?,,Azure Blob is the Microsoft equivalent to Amazon's S3-based object storage services.,open_qa List the sweet culinary specialities of New Orleans from this provided passage,"New Orleans is known for specialties including beignets (locally pronounced like ""ben-yays""), square-shaped fried dough that could be called ""French doughnuts"" (served with café au lait made with a blend of coffee and chicory rather than only coffee); and po' boy and Italian muffuletta sandwiches; Gulf oysters on the half-shell, fried oysters, boiled crawfish and other seafood; étouffée, jambalaya, gumbo and other Creole dishes; and the Monday favorite of red beans and rice (Louis Armstrong often signed his letters, ""Red beans and ricely yours""). Another New Orleans specialty is the praline locally, a candy made with brown sugar, granulated sugar, cream, butter, and pecans. The city offers notable street food including the Asian inspired beef Yaka mein.","The sweet culinary specialities of New Orleans include: - Beignets: Square shaped fried dough similar to donuts - Praline: A candy made with sugar, cream and pecans",information_extraction What was the SS Robert Coryndon?,"SS Robert Coryndon was a British twin-screw passenger and cargo ferry on Lake Albert in central Africa. She was built in England in 1929 and reassembled in kit form at Lake Albert in 1930. She ran aground in 1962 and lay derelict until she was broken up for scrap between 2009 and 2012. John I. Thornycroft & Company at Woolston, Hampshire built the ship for Kenya and Uganda Railways and Harbours in 1929–30. She was named after the South African Sir Robert Coryndon, who was Governor of Uganda 1918–22. She was a ""knock-down"" ship. She was assembled in 1929 at Woolston. All her parts were marked with numbers, she was disassembled into many hundreds of parts, and transported in kit form to Africa, where she was reassembled on the shore of Lake Albert in 1930. Part of the overland journey to Lake Albert was by lorry, which severely limited the maximum size and weight of her parts. Robert Coryndon was part of a plan for a network of railway, river steamer and lake steamer services linking British interests in Egypt, East Africa and southern Africa. Sir Winston Churchill described her as ""the best library afloat"". Fate Robert Coryndon sank in 1962, around the time of Ugandan independence from Britain. She was not refloated. In 1967 the East African Railways and Harbours Corporation (EAR&H) offered her wreck for sale, but she remained largely intact in 2009. By the beginning of 2012 her wreck had been taken away ""in bits and pieces by cutting all the metal remains for scrap"" and only her aft king posts were still visible above the water.","The SS Coryndon was a passenger and cargo ferry on Lake Albert in central Africa. It was built in 1929-30 and named after Sir Robert Coryndon, who was Governor of Uganda from 1918-22. It sank in 1962 and has been nearly entirely salvaged for scrap as of 2012.",summarization Who are the members of the band Phish.,,"The band consists of guitarist Trey Anastasio, bassist Mike Gordon, drummer Jon Fishman, and keyboardist Page McConnell",open_qa Why is my car making a clicking sound when I try to start it? The lights are turning on for a little bit but the engine is not turning over.,,"It could be your battery, especially if you have left a light on overnight, or had the key in auxiliary mode for sometime as both of those will drain even a new batter in a short amount of time. If your battery is new you may be able to have it charged, but if your battery is older than 3 years you will probably need a new battery.",open_qa "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Tyrannosaurus Rex, Amazon River Dolphin",,"Tyrannosaurus Rex is extinct, Amazon River Dolphin is alive.",classification "Name some birds that are commonly observed in Berkeley, CA.",,"In Berkeley, it is common to see hummingbirds, crows, mourning doves, steller’s jays, song sparrows, and California gulls. It’s also possible to observe a red-tailed hawk or a great horned owl.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about Twitter, how can programmers connect to Twitter when building custom applications?","Twitter is an online social media and social networking service owned and operated by American company Twitter, Inc., on which users post or reply to texts, images and videos known as ""tweets"". Registered users can tweet, like, ""retweet"" tweets and direct message (DM), while unregistered users only have the ability to view public tweets. Users interact with Twitter through browser or mobile frontend software, or programmatically via its APIs.",Programmers can connect to Twitter when building custom applications by using Twitter APIs.,closed_qa What is fair market value,,"Fair market value (FMV) is the price that property would sell for on the open market. It is the price that would be agreed on between a buyer and a seller, both are reasonably knowledgeable about the asset, are behaving in their own best interests.",open_qa Tell a child a story about a dinosaur who plays baseball but has to take a break due to an injury,,"There once was a dinosaur named Danny. Danny loved baseball and was the star hitter on his school baseball team, the Diamondbacks. Every time he hit a homer, he imagined he was sending a comet into space. One day Danny stepped up to the plate and the pitcher slipped while pitching the ball... the ball was coming straight at Danny! He tried to move out of the way but when he did, HE tripped and his foot bent sideways. Oh no, it hurt so much! Danny's coach took him to the doctor and the doctor said he would need surgery to fix his foot and that he should try a different hobby than baseball, so his foot would have time to heal. Danny started thinking about how he could keep that feeling of hitting homers while he wasn't able to play baseball. He started thinking about those comets he was hitting into space, and he decided to start reading about astronomy. Astronomy, it turns out, is really interesting! Danny learned about planets and suns and moons. He loved that he could imagine the solar system as one big baseball game. His aunt bought him a telescope so he could see his homers in outer space. Danny thought it was so fun to learn about astronomy, and he decided he would become an astronomer baseball star when he grew up. The end.",creative_writing When was Rhual constructed?,"Rhual is a Grade I listed building in Flintshire. This small mansion has medieval origins and is surrounded by a large landscaped park. The present building was constructed in 1634 by Evan Edwards, a member of a well established Flintshire family which traced its descent from the Welsh king Hywel Dda. He most likely incorporated an older medieval house into the north wing of the current building. The house has since been built upon further, and the east and south entrances were created in the 19th century.",Rhual was constructed in 1634 by Evan Edwards.,closed_qa What are some of the major cities in Australia?,,"Some of the major cities in Australia are Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, and Perth.",open_qa "Which of the following words are conjunctions, and which are prepositions: and, between, but, for, in, of, on, or, under, yet",,"The following are conjunctions: and, but, or, yet The following are prepositions: between, for, in, of, on, under",classification From the passage find the list of banks who supported Yes Bank in 2020. Display the results in comma separated format.,"The history of Yes Bank can be traced back to 1999, when three Indian bankers decided to launch a non-banking financial enterprise together. They were Ashok Kapur, who had previously worked as the national head for the ABN Amro Bank, Harkirat Singh, who had previously worked as the country head for the Deutsche Bank, and Rana Kapoor, who had previously worked as the head of corporate finance for the ANZ Grindlays Bank. The Rabobank in the Netherlands held the remaining 75% of the shares in the non-banking financial business. The three Indian promoters each owned 25% of the company. In 2003, it was rebranded as the Yes Bank. It was also the same year that Harkirat Singh resigned due to concerns over the influence exercised by Rabobank in the hiring of CEO and executive chairman positions. Yes Bank has been unable to raise capital over the past few years, which has led to a steady deterioration in its financial position. This has resulted in potential loan losses, which in turn led to downgrades, which prompted investors to invoke bond covenants, and a withdrawal of deposits by customers. Over the course of the previous four quarters, the bank racked up losses and very little income. Rana Kapoor was fired as a result, and he was arrested in connection with a INR 466 crore money laundering case. The bank's management, under the new leadership of Kumar, immediately repositioned itself and dealt with all internal and market related challenges to restore customer and depositor confidence. Under the coordinated efforts of the new board and management, Mehta assured shareholders of a speedy recovery, even as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), State Bank of India (SBI), HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank and other banks lent it support through the historic Yes Bank Reconstruction Scheme 2020. In July 2020, Yes Bank Ltd closed their follow-on public offer (FPO) with 95% subscription, driven by institutional investors. As of 28 July 2020, Yes Bank is an associate of State Bank of India which has a 30% stake in the company. On 21 February 2023, Yes Bank issued 2,13,650 equity shares to its employees under the company ESOP plan.","Reserve Bank of India (RBI), State Bank of India (SBI), HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank",information_extraction What kind of guitar pick did Stevie Ray Vaughan prefer?,"Vaughan bought many Stratocasters and gave some away as gifts. A sunburst Diplomat Strat-style guitar was purchased by Vaughan and given to his girlfriend Janna Lapidus to learn to play on. Vaughan used a custom set of uncommonly heavy strings, gauges .013, .015, .019, .028, .038, .058, and tuned a half-step below standard tuning. With these heavy string sizes, it was not uncommon for him to separate his fingernail because of his quick movement along the strings. The owner of an Austin club recalled Vaughan coming into the office between sets to borrow super glue, which he used to keep a fingernail split from widening while he continued to play. The super glue was suggested by Rene Martinez, who was Stevie's guitar technician. Martinez eventually convinced Stevie to change to slightly lighter strings. He preferred a guitar neck with an asymmetrical profile (thicker at the top), which was more comfortable for his thumb-over style of playing. Heavy use of the vibrato bar necessitated frequent replacements; Vaughan often had his roadie, Byron Barr, obtain custom stainless steel bars made by Barr's father. As for his usage of plectrums, Vaughan preferred Fender medium gauge guitar picks, using one of the rounder shoulders of the pick rather than the pointed tip to pluck and strum the strings.","SRV is known to have used Fender's medium gauge picks, but with an interesting quirk - he preferred the rounder edge over the pointy tip, which most players use.",closed_qa Where is Meerut?,"Meerut (pronunciation (help·info), IAST: Meraṭh) is a city in Meerut district of the western part of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city lies 80 km (50 mi) northeast of the national capital New Delhi, within the National Capital Region and 480 km (300 mi) west of the state capital Lucknow.",Meerut is a city in India and part of Uttar Pradesh state close to new Delhi,information_extraction What is the more popular name for the Londonderry Air,,Danny Boy,open_qa Who is the Zurich Insurance,"Zurich Insurance Group Ltd is a Swiss insurance company, headquartered in Zürich, and the country's largest insurer. As of 2021, the group is the world's 112th largest public company according to Forbes' Global 2000s list, and in 2011, it ranked 94th in Interbrand's top 100 brands. Zurich is a global insurance company which is organized into three core business segments: General Insurance, Global Life and Farmers. Zurich employs 55,000 people, with customers in 215 countries and territories. The company is listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange. As of 2012, it had shareholders' equity of $34.494 billion.","The Zurich Insurance Group Ltd is a Swiss insurance company, headquartered in Zürich, and the country's largest insurer. As of 2021, the group is the world's 112th largest public company according to Forbes' Global 2000s list, and in 2011, it ranked 94th in Interbrand's top 100 brands.",summarization What is Dogecoin?,,"Dogecoin is a cryptocurrency created by software engineers Billy Markus and Jackson Palmer, who decided to create a payment system as a ""joke"", making fun of the wild speculation in cryptocurrencies at the time. It is considered both the first ""meme coin"", and more specifically the first ""dog coin"". Despite its satirical nature, some consider it a legitimate investment prospect. Dogecoin features the face of the Shiba Inu dog from the ""doge"" meme as its logo and namesake.",open_qa "Given this paragraph, how many seasons are there of Ted Lasso?","The first season of ten episodes premiered on Apple TV+ on August 14, 2020, with three episodes followed by weekly installments. A second season of 12 episodes premiered on July 23, 2021. In October 2020, the series was renewed for a third season, which premiered on March 15, 2023.","As of March 2023, there have been 3 seasons of Ted Lasso.",closed_qa List the weapons of Goddess Durga in a comma separated manner.,"Durga is a warrior goddess, and she is depicted to express her martial skills. Her iconography typically resonates with these attributes, where she rides a lion or a tiger, has between eight and eighteen hands, each holding a weapon to destroy and create. She is often shown in the midst of her war with Mahishasura, the buffalo demon, at the time she victoriously kills the demonic force. Her icon shows her in action, yet her face is calm and serene. In Hindu arts, this tranquil attribute of Durga's face is traditionally derived from the belief that she is protective and violent not because of her hatred, egotism or getting pleasure in violence, but because she acts out of necessity, for the love of the good, for liberation of those who depend on her, and a mark of the beginning of soul's journey to creative freedom. Durga traditionally holds the weapons of various male gods of Hindu mythology, which they give her to fight the evil forces because they feel that she is shakti (energy, power). These include the chakra, conch, bow, arrow, sword, javelin, trishula, shield, and a noose. These weapons are considered symbolic by Shakta Hindus, representing self-discipline, selfless service to others, self-examination, prayer, devotion, remembering her mantras, cheerfulness and meditation. Durga herself is viewed as the ""Self"" within and the divine mother of all creation. She has been revered by warriors, blessing their new weapons. Durga iconography has been flexible in the Hindu traditions, where for example some intellectuals place a pen or other writing implements in her hand since they consider their stylus as their weapon.","Chakra, conch, bow, arrow, sword, javelin, trishula, shield, a noose",information_extraction what are the main components of a computer?,,"A computer consists of a motherboard, a central processing unit (CPU), memory (often called RAM) and a hard disk or hard drive or Solid State Drive for storage.",open_qa Why should you exercise if you have a sitting job where you have to sit in front of computer screen ?,,"Basically exercise has many benefits listed below 1. Exercise manages weight 2. Exercise prevents and treats illnesses 3. Exercise enhances mood 4. Exercise gives you more energy 5. Exercise helps you sleep better. 6. Exercise revitalises your personal life.",open_qa How do I write a promo packet?,,"The concept of promo packet was popularized by Google. A candidate write a promo packet that will be reviewed by an independent committee. Since a person only seeks promotion every few years, they generally don't know how to write a proper promo packet. Here are a few tips about writing a promo packet. First you need to describe your team and your role on the team, so the committee understands your context. For example, being the tech lead of Amazing Service for the past 2 years. Second you need to describe the biggest accomplishments in recent years, typically up to 5. For example, launched Amazing Service or improved SLA from 3 9s to 4 9s. Next you need to show your actual work closely matches the requirements of the next level. For example, designed and built the security system for Amazing Service, or hired and managed the Amazing Service team, or initiated Amazing Service and grew it to $100M ARR. The above points are your promo rationale, which should be the focus of your packet. The rest of the packet is to provide verifiable evidence to your rationale. A good promo packet informs the committee of your role, your accomplishments, the next level traits demonstrated in your accomplishments , plus sufficient evidence. Best luck!",creative_writing Give me a list of ways to express your love to someone,,"1. Write them a card 2. Text them a beautiful message 3. Send them some flowers 4. Organise a date out 5. Take a walk and tell them how you feel 6. Spend quality time with them",brainstorming "Give me a numbered list of all chapters' title from the book, ""12 Rules for Life"" by Jordan B Peterson.",,"1. Stand up straight with your shoulders back. 2. Treat yourself like you are someone you are responsible for helping. 3. Make friends with people who want the best for you. 4. Compare yourself to who you were yesterday, not to who someone else is today. 5. Do not let your children do anything that makes you dislike them. 6. Set your house in perfect order before you criticize the world. 7. Pursue what is meaningful (not what is expedient). 8. Tell the truth – or, at least, don't lie. 9. Assume that the person you are listening to might know something you don't. 10. Be precise in your speech. 11. Do not bother children while they are skateboarding. 12. Pet a cat when you encounter one in the street.",brainstorming Is Horsfieldia nervos a plant or animal?,Horsfieldia nervosa is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo where it is confined to Sarawak.,plant,closed_qa What is an API endpoint?,"Endpoints are important aspects of interacting with server-side web APIs, as they specify where resources lie that can be accessed by third party software. Usually the access is via a URI to which HTTP requests are posted, and from which the response is thus expected. Web APIs may be public or private, the latter of which requires an access token. Endpoints need to be static, otherwise the correct functioning of software that interacts with it cannot be guaranteed. If the location of a resource changes (and with it the endpoint) then previously written software will break, as the required resource can no longer be found at the same place. As API providers still want to update their web APIs, many have introduced a versioning system in the URI that points to an endpoint.",Endpoints specify where resources lie that can be accessed by third party software. Clients use endpoints to interact with server-side web APIs.,closed_qa What is Apu's wife's name on the Simpsons?,,Manjula,open_qa What do you do as a player playing RollerCoaster Tycoon 2?,"In RollerCoaster Tycoon 2, players manage amusement parks and attempt to meet various goals to complete assigned scenarios. The game retains the isometric perspective of its predecessor, allowing for high compatibility with amusement parks made in the previous game. Various attractions, including transport rides, gentle rides, thrill rides, roller coasters, water rides, and shops or stalls, can be added to the parks as well as landscaping and decorations. The player satisfies park visitors' needs by building facilities and services such as food stalls, bathrooms, souvenir shops, ATMs, and information kiosks, as well as by hiring staff. The player must simultaneously balance the park's expenses and income.","The player satisfies park visitors' needs by building facilities and services such as food stalls, bathrooms, souvenir shops, ATMs, and information kiosks, as well as by hiring staff. The player must simultaneously balance the park's expenses and income.",closed_qa Where is the Gate of the Paradise,"Bab al-Faradis (Arabic: بَابُ الْفَرَادِيسِ, romanized: Bāb al-Farādīs; ""The Gate of the Paradise"") or Bab al-Amara is one of the seven ancient city-gates of Damascus, Syria. The other name, Bab Al-Amara, refers to a name of a district in the old city where people in the 14th century would meet. During the Roman era, the gate was dedicated to Mercury.","Although you may search for a more spiritual answer, the Gate of the Paradise or Bab al-Faradis and Bab al-Amara in Arabic is one of the seven ancient city-gates of Damascus, Syria. The other name, Bab Al-Amara, refers to a name of a district in the old city where people in the 14th century would meet. During the Roman era, the gate was dedicated to Mercury.",summarization Who is Carlos Andres Perez?,"Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez (27 October 1922 – 25 December 2010) also known as CAP and often referred to as El Gocho (due to his Andean origins), was a Venezuelan politician and the president of Venezuela from 12 March 1974 to 12 March 1979 and again from 2 February 1989 to 21 May 1993. He was one of the founders of Acción Democrática, the dominant political party in Venezuela during the second half of the twentieth century.","Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez (27 October 1922 – 25 December 2010) also known as CAP and often referred to as El Gocho (due to his Andean origins), was a Venezuelan politician and the president of Venezuela from 12 March 1974 to 12 March 1979 and again from 2 February 1989 to 21 May 1993. He was one of the founders of Acción Democrática, the dominant political party in Venezuela during the second half of the twentieth century. His first presidency was known as the Saudi Venezuela due to its economic and social prosperity thanks to enormous income from petroleum exportation. However, his second presidency saw a continuation of the economic crisis of the 1980s, a series of social crises, widespread riots known as Caracazo and two coup attempts in 1992. In May 1993 he became the first Venezuelan president to be forced out of office by the Supreme Court on charges for the embezzlement of 250 million bolívars (roughly 2.7 million US dollars) belonging to a presidential discretionary fund, whose money was used to support the electoral process in Nicaragua and hire bodyguards for President Violeta Chamorro.",information_extraction What do you know about the city of Aberdeen in Scotland?,,"Aberdeen is a city located in the North East of Scotland. As of 2020 it had a population of 200,000 people and is the third largest city in Scotland, behind Edinburgh (435,000) and Glasgow (610,000). Aberdeen has been referred to as ""The Silver City"" due to the high number of buildings in the city constructed of Granite from the local quarry, which may sparkle on the rare occasion that the sunlight hits the buildings. Since the 1960's the city's economy has largely revolved around Oil & Gas due to its proximity to the North Sea Oil discovery. Aberdeen has two universities; the University of Aberdeen and Robert Gordon University. Notable people who have been associated with Aberdeen include singer Annie Lennox, golfer Paul Lawrie and architect Archibald ""Archie"" Simpson.",open_qa What are the best types of pets for a family with kids?,,"The most common family pets are dogs and cats. They are great with kids and very social by nature, they love interacting with their owners and easy to take care for. There are records of dogs being domesticated around 20,000 years ago while cats showing up around 10,000 years ago. Even though those are the two most common family pets, you will find many families have other animal classes like birds, reptiles, rodents, among other more exotic variations.",open_qa Jot down some important points about optical illusion from the given passage.,"In visual perception, an optical illusion (also called a visual illusion ) is an illusion caused by the visual system and characterized by a visual percept that arguably appears to differ from reality. Illusions come in a wide variety; their categorization is difficult because the underlying cause is often not clear but a classification proposed by Richard Gregory is useful as an orientation. According to that, there are three main classes: physical, physiological, and cognitive illusions, and in each class there are four kinds: Ambiguities, distortions, paradoxes, and fictions. A classical example for a physical distortion would be the apparent bending of a stick half immerged in water; an example for a physiological paradox is the motion aftereffect (where, despite movement, position remains unchanged). An example for a physiological fiction is an afterimage. Three typical cognitive distortions are the  Ponzo , Poggendorff, and Müller-Lyer illusion. Physical illusions are caused by the physical environment, e.g. by the optical properties of water. Physiological illusions arise in the eye or the visual pathway, e.g. from the effects of excessive stimulation of a specific receptor type.  Cognitive visual illusions are the result of unconscious inferences and are perhaps those most widely known.","1. Visual Illusion is caused by the visual system and characterized by a visual percept that appears to be different from reality. 2. According to Richard Gregory a classification proposed by him is useful as an orientation that, there are three main classes: physical, physiological, and cognitive illusions, and in each class there are four kinds: Ambiguities, distortions, paradoxes, and fictions. 3. An example for a physical distortion would be the apparent bending of a stick half immerged in water; an example for a physiological paradox is the motion aftereffect (where, despite movement, position remains unchanged).  4. An example for a physiological fiction is an afterimage 5. Three cognitive distortions are the  Ponzo , Poggendorff, and Müller-Lyer illusion. 6. Physical illusions are caused by the physical environment, e.g. by the optical properties of water. Physiological illusions arise in the eye or the visual pathway. 7. The most widely know illusion is visual illusions which are the result of unconscious inferences.",summarization What are the Grand Slams of tennis?,,"In tennis there are four major tennis tournaments each year which are each called a Grand Slam tournament. The first each year is the Australian open, which is played on hard courts. The second is the French Open, which is played on clay courts. The third is Wimbledon, which takes place in London on grass courts and the final tournament is the US Open, which takes place in New York City.",open_qa Does Alaska have six months of darkness and six months of light?,,"Contrary to what many people assume, Alaska does not have six exact months of darkness and six months of light. Depending on the time of year and the tilt of the Earth on its axis, Alaska will receive significantly less or more daylight than the contiguous United States due to how much closer the land is positioned near the North Pole. The further away from the equator means the more extreme the sun exposure or darkness will be. The northernmost city in Alaska, Utqiagvik, will be plunged in perpetual darkness for 64 days in the winter time; conversely, in the summer time, a similar amount of time will experience perpetual sunlight.",open_qa "Why did a William the Conqueror, a Frenchman, become the King of England?","In the 1050s and early 1060s, William became a contender for the throne of England held by the childless Edward the Confessor, his first cousin once removed. There were other potential claimants, including the powerful English earl Harold Godwinson, whom Edward named as king on his deathbed in January 1066. Arguing that Edward had previously promised the throne to him and that Harold had sworn to support his claim, William built a large fleet and invaded England in September 1066. He decisively defeated and killed Harold at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. After further military efforts, William was crowned king on Christmas Day, 1066, in London. He made arrangements for the governance of England in early 1067 before returning to Normandy. Several unsuccessful rebellions followed, but William's hold was mostly secure on England by 1075, allowing him to spend the greater part of his reign in continental Europe.","William the Conqueror was from Normandy, located in northwest France. The King of England in the late 1050s and early 1060s was Edward the Confessor. Edward was William's cousin. Since Edward was childless, there were multiple people who claimed that they were the rightful heir and should become king. These conflicting claims gave rise to armed conflict. William invaded England, where he won the Battle of Hastings, defeating earl Harold Godwinson. A number of battles followed, but William became King of England late in 1066. He dealt with multiple rebellions over the next decade, but retained his power. Ultimately he was able to return to Normandy and rule England from there.",summarization "According to the passage below, what is Reinforcement Learning?","Reinforcement learning (RL) is an area of machine learning concerned with how intelligent agents ought to take actions in an environment in order to maximize the notion of cumulative reward. Reinforcement learning is one of three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and unsupervised learning. Reinforcement learning differs from supervised learning in not needing labelled input/output pairs to be presented, and in not needing sub-optimal actions to be explicitly corrected. Instead the focus is on finding a balance between exploration (of uncharted territory) and exploitation (of current knowledge).","In machine learning, reinforcement learning (RL) is a domain concerned with how intelligent agents respond to maximize their total rewards. Alongside supervised and unsupervised learning, it is one of 3 types of machine learning. Unlike supervised learning, RL does not require labeled data.",summarization What are the different kinds of rock climbing?,,"The most popular types of climbing are: - Bouldering: climbing low hanging challenges, likely with crash pads to fall on. - Sport climbing (or indoor climbing): Climbing a route with fixed anchors - Traditional climbing: Climbing with gear that is inserted and removed without fixed anchors Once climbers gain experience, they are able to begin climbing more extreme outdoor terrain however many climbers may stick to bouldering or sport climbing.",open_qa What did people do before the invention of money?,,They bartered/traded.,open_qa What are the three types of mobile app described in the passage.,"Mobile Apps are broadly classified into three types: native apps, hybrid and web apps. Native applications are designed specifically for a mobile operating system, typically iOS or Android. Web apps are written in HTML5 or CSS and typically run through a browser. Hybrid apps are built using web technologies such as JavaScript, CSS, and HTML5 and function like web apps disguised in a native container.","Native, Hybrid, Web",information_extraction According to the text what are the most common symptoms of COVID-19?,"The symptoms of COVID-19 are variable depending on the type of variant contracted, ranging from mild symptoms to a potentially fatal illness. Common symptoms include coughing, fever, loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia), with less common ones including headaches, nasal congestion and runny nose, muscle pain, sore throat, diarrhea, eye irritation, and toes swelling or turning purple, and in moderate to severe cases, breathing difficulties. People with the COVID-19 infection may have different symptoms, and their symptoms may change over time. Three common clusters of symptoms have been identified: one respiratory symptom cluster with cough, sputum, shortness of breath, and fever; a musculoskeletal symptom cluster with muscle and joint pain, headache, and fatigue; and a cluster of digestive symptoms with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. In people without prior ear, nose, or throat disorders, loss of taste combined with loss of smell is associated with COVID-19 and is reported in as many as 88% of symptomatic cases.","coughing, fever, loss of smell (anosmia), loss of taste (ageusia)",summarization Summarize disruptive innovation in two paragraphs,"disruptive innovation is innovation that creates a new market and value network or enters at the bottom of an existing market and eventually displaces established market-leading firms, products, and alliances.The concept was developed by the American academic Clayton Christensen and his collaborators and has been called the most influential business idea of the early 21st century. Disruptive innovations tend to be produced by outsiders and entrepreneurs in startups, rather than existing market-leading companies. The business environment of market leaders does not allow them to pursue disruptive innovations when they first arise, because they are not profitable enough at first and because their development can take scarce resources away from sustaining innovations","In business theory, disruptive innovation is innovation that creates a new market and value network or enters at the bottom of an existing market and eventually displaces established market-leading firms, products, and alliances. The concept was developed by the American academic Clayton Christensen and his collaborators beginning in 1995,[full citation needed] and has been called the most influential business idea of the early 21st century. Lingfei Wu, Dashun Wang, and James A. Evans generalized this term to identify disruptive science and technological advances from more than 65 million papers, patents and software products that span the period 1954–2014. Their work was featured as the cover of the February 2019 issue of Nature and was included among the Altmetric 100 most-discussed work in 2019. Not all innovations are disruptive, even if they are revolutionary. For example, the first automobiles in the late 19th century were not a disruptive innovation, because early automobiles were expensive luxury items that did not disrupt the market for horse-drawn vehicles. The market for transportation essentially remained intact until the debut of the lower-priced Ford Model T in 1908. The mass-produced automobile was a disruptive innovation, because it changed the transportation market, whereas the first thirty years of automobiles did not. Disruptive innovations tend to be produced by outsiders and entrepreneurs in startups, rather than existing market-leading companies. The business environment of market leaders does not allow them to pursue disruptive innovations when they first arise, because they are not profitable enough at first and because their development can take scarce resources away from sustaining innovations (which are needed to compete against current competition). Small teams are more likely to create disruptive innovations than large teams. A disruptive process can take longer to develop than by the conventional approach and the risk associated to it is higher than the other more incremental, architectural or evolutionary forms of innovations, but once it is deployed in the market, it achieves a much faster penetration and higher degree of impact on the established markets.",summarization Describe a scary moment in a storm.,,"I live in Oklahoma, so we see our fair share of storms. Storm sirens are so common that I don't take cover every time they go off. Instead, it's normal for me to watch the radar when a storm system is moving through to see where the tornados are and how close they are to me. Once, the radar showed a tornado southwest of our house - moving towards us. When it was within a couple miles of us, my wife took the dogs and blankets and went to our safe place - an internal bathroom. I stood back from the windows and watched the tv. From my position, I could see out the back windows which faced west - southwest. The weather showed that the tornado was right on top of us. I watched out the window as a fragment of a four by four, about a foot and a half long, flipped up from the ground and tumbled across the lawn. It was that moment that I decided I had watched enough and stepped into the bathroom to join my wife and the dogs. The storm blew over us. The tornado wasn't on the ground as it passed by, but it was definitely and intense several minutes as we waited. I have seen my fair share of storms and had a number of close calls with tornados. This definitely falls in one of my top 5.",creative_writing "Given the reference text about Super Bowl LV, please answer the following questions: 1. Who performed at the halftime show? 2. Which team won and what was the final score? 3. Who was the MVP? 4. Where was the game played?","Super Bowl LV was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2020 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers defeated the defending American Football Conference (AFC) and Super Bowl champion Kansas City Chiefs, 31–9. The game was played on February 7, 2021, at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida, the home stadium of the Buccaneers, marking the first time a team played a Super Bowl in its home stadium. Due to COVID-19 protocols limiting the stadium's seating capacity to 25,000 fans, it was the least-attended Super Bowl. The Buccaneers' victory was their second and made them one of two teams, along with the Baltimore Ravens, to be undefeated in multiple Super Bowls. They finished the regular season with an 11–5 record and a wild card berth to advance to their second Super Bowl appearance through the guidance of several new acquisitions, most notably 21-year veteran quarterback Tom Brady in his first season away from the New England Patriots. The Chiefs, aided by their top-ranked offense, finished the regular season with a league-best 14–2 record to advance to their fourth Super Bowl appearance and were the defending Super Bowl LIV champions, seeking to become the first repeat champions since the Patriots in 2004. For the first time under quarterback Patrick Mahomes, the Chiefs failed to score a touchdown and lost by double-digits, making them the third Super Bowl team to not score a touchdown. They also committed 11 penalties for 120 yards, including a record eight penalties for 95 yards in the first half, most of which were called against the defense. The Buccaneers capitalized on these struggles to take a commanding 21–6 lead at halftime and dominated the remainder of the game. Brady, who also extended his player records for Super Bowl appearances to 10 and wins to seven, was named Super Bowl MVP for a record fifth time and was the first to receive the award with multiple franchises. He became the oldest player to receive the honor and win a Super Bowl as the starting quarterback at age 43, breaking additional personal records, while Bruce Arians was the oldest head coach to win the Super Bowl at 68. The game was televised nationally by CBS. Country music singer Eric Church and R&B singer Jazmine Sullivan performed the national anthem, while the halftime show was headlined by Canadian singer The Weeknd. On television, Super Bowl LV was seen by 91.63 million viewers, the lowest ratings for the game since 2006. Combined with viewership on other platforms, viewership was down by 5% overall in comparison to Super Bowl LIV, but with a 69% increase in average streaming viewership.","Given the provided reference text, the answers to the questions are as follows: 1. Who performed at the halftime show? The halftime show was headlined by Canadian singer The Weeknd. 2. Which team won and what was the final score? The Tampa Bay Buccaneers won the game by a score of 31–9. 3. Who was the MVP? Tom Brady was the MVP. 4. Where was the game played? The game was played at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida",closed_qa What is heliocentrism?,,"Heliocentrism is an astronomical model in which the sun lies at the center, and planets revolve around it. The model was published by Nicolaus Copernicus shortly before his death in 1543, and became one of the most significant events in the history of science. Before the acceptance of heliocentrism, it was widely believed that Earth was the center of the entire universe.",open_qa Which is a species of fish? Skate or Scooter,,Skate,classification Who are the best chess players of all time?,,"It's difficult to determine who the best chess players of all time are as there are a variety of factors to consider when determining chess strength. For example, you might consider things like chess rating, number of tournament wins, time spent as world chess champion, etc. It's especially difficult to compare players of different eras, as more modern chess players will have learned from past Grandmasters and have more advanced technology available to facilitate their understanding of the game. Three chess players commonly discussed as possibly being the best of all time include: Bobby Fischer, Gary Kasparov, and Magnus Carlsen. Bobby Fischer is well-known for winning the ""Game of the Century"" at the age of 13 and, as an adult, won 20 consecutive games against some of the best chess players in the world. Gary Kasparov was the number one rated chess player for over 20 years and was World Chess Champion for 15 consecutive years. Magnus Carlsen achieved the highest chess rating ever in 2014 with a rating of 2882 and has been the number one rated chess player since 2011.",open_qa What are main vegetables in V8 juice?,"The original V8 is a savory juice. It is made mainly from water and tomato concentrate, and reconstituted vegetable juice blend: water and concentrate of eight vegetables, specifically: beets, celery, carrots, lettuce, parsley, watercress, spinach, and tomato. Campbell's has produced several varieties of the drink, such as Original, Spicy Hot, Hint of Black Pepper, Lemon, Picante, Low-Sodium, and Organic. Three spin-offs of the V8 brand, ""V8 Energy"", ""V8 Splash"" and ""V8 V•Fusion"", are blends of fruit and vegetable (specifically carrot) juices. V8 Splash is a juice cocktail partially sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup and sucralose; diet versions of V8 Splash omit the high-fructose corn syrup. V8 Energy also classifies as a cocktail and is partially sweetened with sucralose. V•Fusion is made from 100% juice.","beets, celery, carrots, lettuce, parsley, watercress, spinach, and tomato",closed_qa What are some movies about Artificial Intelligence and Machine Consciousness?,,"Here are some Hollywood movies that explore the concept of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Consciousness - * Ex Machina * The Matrix * Blade Runner * The Terminator * Wall-E * Her * I, Robot * 2001: A Space Odyssey",classification When do Muslims fast?,,Muslims fast during the holy month of Ramadan from dawn until dusk.,open_qa Tell me some key points about IITs from given text.,"The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are prestigious central government owned public technical institutes located across India. Known for their excellence in education, they are under the ownership of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India. They are governed by the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961, declaring them as Institutes of National Importance and laying down their powers, duties, and framework for governance as the country's premier institutions in the field of technology.The act currently lists twenty-three IITs. Each IIT has autonomy and is linked to others through a common council called the IIT Council, which oversees their administration. The Minister of Education of India is the ex officio Chairperson of the IIT Council.","1. The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are renowned public technical institutions owned by the Central government and located across India. 2. IITs are known for excellence in education owned by ministry of education of government of India. 3. The Institutes of Technology Act, 1961, which established them as Institutes of National Importance and established their authority, accountability, and governing structure as the nation's top technological institutions. 4. The act currently list 23 IITs. Each IIT is autonomous and linked with other via IIT council. 5. The ex officio Chairperson of the IIT Council is minister of education.",summarization Please let me know the details of 1MDB saga and scandal.,"The 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal, often referred to as the 1MDB scandal or just 1MDB, describes a corruption, bribery and money laundering conspiracy in which the Malaysian sovereign wealth fund 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) was systematically embezzled, with assets diverted globally by the perpetrators of the scheme. It had a global scope, implicated institutions and individuals in politics, banking, and entertainment, and sparked criminal investigations across a number of nations. The 1MDB scandal has been described as ""one of the world's greatest financial scandals"" and declared by the United States Department of Justice as the ""largest kleptocracy case to date"" in 2016.","Originally 1MDB stands for of 1Malaysia Development Berhad was a Malaysian state fund, set up in 2009 to promote development through foreign investment and partnerships. The then prime minister, Najib Razak, was its chairman. The fund has since been at the heart of one of the biggest corruption scandals in the world. The US justice department believes more than $4.5bn was stolen by Jho Low and the resulting scandal has been responsible for the toppling of a government this year and the arrest of Najib, his wife, Rosmah Mansor, and a growing number of close associates.",summarization What is a Tide?,,Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon.,open_qa Who is Laika and why is she famous?,"Laika (/ˈlaɪkə/ LY-kə; Russian: Лайка, IPA: [ˈlajkə]; c. 1954 – 3 November 1957) was a Soviet space dog who was one of the first animals in space and the first to orbit the Earth. A stray mongrel from the streets of Moscow, she flew aboard the Sputnik 2 spacecraft, launched into low orbit on 3 November 1957. As the technology to de-orbit had not yet been developed, Laika's survival was never expected. She died of overheating hours into the flight, on the craft's fourth orbit. Little was known about the effects of spaceflight on living creatures at the time of Laika's mission, and animal flights were viewed by engineers as a necessary precursor to human missions. The experiment, which monitored Laika's vital signs, aimed to prove that a living organism could survive being launched into orbit and continue to function under conditions of weakened gravity and increased radiation, providing scientists with some of the first data on the biological effects of spaceflight. Laika died within hours from overheating, possibly caused by a failure of the central R‑7 sustainer to separate from the payload. The true cause and time of her death were not made public until 2002; instead, it was widely reported that she died when her oxygen ran out on day six or, as the Soviet government initially claimed, she was euthanised prior to oxygen depletion. In 2008, a small monument to Laika depicting her standing atop a rocket was unveiled near the military research facility in Moscow that prepared her flight. She also appears on the Monument to the Conquerors of Space in Moscow.",Laika was one of the first animals in space and the first one to orbit the space. She was sent into the outer space by the Soviet Union. She died of overheating hours into the flight while the spacecraft carrying her was in the orbit.,closed_qa What is Data Profiling?,,"Data Profiling is one of the principles of Data Management. Data Profiling is the activity to find patterns in Data. Data profiling is performed by teams that have access to some data sets for different use cases such as Data patterns discovery, high level analysis, data exception handling for ETL etc. Data profiling is the first part of the Data Quality life cycle within the Data Governance methodology. Running Data profiling on data sets can answer simple questions such as how many nulls in the dataset, what are the different patterns of dates in the dataset etc. Profiling is typically done on the subset of data. Tools have limit on the amount of the row in the data set it can profile. These tools can also create visualization on the profiling results for easy understanding of the patterns.",open_qa What are your thoughts of Michael Jackson as a singer and person,,"Michael Jackson is acclaimed as the greatest pop star of all times. He invented the Moon Walk and created many chartbuster hits. He still continues to have a loyal fanbase across the world, shows on him are still running packed houses in Las Vegas.",creative_writing What is Uście Gorlickie?,"Uście Gorlickie [ˈuɕt͡ɕɛ ɡɔrˈlʲit͡skʲɛ] (Ukrainian: Устя Руське, Ustia Rus’ke) is a village in Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Uście Gorlickie. It lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Gorlice and 106 km (66 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków. The village has a population of 1,100.","Uscie Gorlicke is a small village of 1,100 people in southern Poland, close to the border of Slovakia. Is it the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Uscie Gorlicke). The village lies 66 miles southeast of regional capital Krakow.",summarization "Provide a list of body parts that are only three letters long. Here are some body parts that are three lettered words: toe, rib, eye, ear, leg and jaw.",,"Here are some body parts that are three lettered words: toe, rib, eye, ear, leg and jaw.",open_qa What is a computer?,,"A computer is an electronic device that generates output from input by the user. A computer can have a visual display to show user input as well as output. Modern computers have lot of sophisticated parts which includes a monitor for display, a keyboard for typing input, a mouse for browsing and CPU for processing the input.",open_qa What does the term March Madness refer to in college basketball?,,"March Madness is another name for the NCAA tournament, which is a single-elimination basketball tournament that takes place each year in the month of March among the 64 (plus two additional ""play-in"" team) selected as the top teams by a tournament committee.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about WWII, how many fatalities happened?","World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in history; it resulted in an estimated 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, massacres, and disease. In the wake of the Axis defeat, Germany and Japan were occupied, and war crimes tribunals were conducted against German and Japanese leaders. The causes of World War II are debated, but contributing factors included the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Spanish Civil War, Second Sino-Japanese War, Soviet–Japanese border conflicts, the rise of fascism in Europe, and European tensions in the aftermath of World War I. World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. The United Kingdom and France subsequently declared war on Germany on 3 September. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union had partitioned Poland and marked out their ""spheres of influence"" across Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, in a military alliance with Italy, Japan and other countries called the Axis. Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africa, and the fall of France in mid-1940, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire, with war in the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain, the Blitz of the United Kingdom, and the Battle of the Atlantic. On 22 June 1941, Germany led the European Axis powers in an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the Eastern Front, the largest land theatre of war in history.","World War II lasted from 1939 to 1945 and was by far the deadliest conflict in history. It is estimated that there were 70-85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides, starvation, assacres, and disease.",closed_qa What is a geodetic system?,,"A geodetic datum or geodetic system (also: geodetic reference datum, geodetic reference system, or geodetic reference frame) is a global datum reference or reference frame for precisely representing the position of locations on Earth or other planetary bodies by means of geodetic coordinates. Datums are crucial to any technology or technique based on spatial location, including geodesy, navigation, surveying, geographic information systems, remote sensing, and cartography. A horizontal datum is used to measure a location across the Earth's surface, in latitude and longitude or another coordinate system; a vertical datum is used to measure the elevation or depth relative to a standard origin, such as mean sea level (MSL). Since the rise of the global positioning system (GPS), the ellipsoid and datum WGS 84 it uses has supplanted most others in many applications. The WGS 84 is intended for global use, unlike most earlier datums.",open_qa Without quoting directly from the text give me a summary of Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution.,"Article I describes the Congress, the legislative branch of the federal government. Section 1, reads, ""All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives."" The article establishes the manner of election and the qualifications of members of each body. Representatives must be at least 25 years old, be a citizen of the United States for seven years, and live in the state they represent. Senators must be at least 30 years old, be a citizen for nine years, and live in the state they represent. Article I, Section 8 enumerates the powers delegated to the legislature. Financially, Congress has the power to tax, borrow, pay debt and provide for the common defense and the general welfare; to regulate commerce, bankruptcies, and coin money. To regulate internal affairs, it has the power to regulate and govern military forces and militias, suppress insurrections and repel invasions. It is to provide for naturalization, standards of weights and measures, post offices and roads, and patents; to directly govern the federal district and cessions of land by the states for forts and arsenals. Internationally, Congress has the power to define and punish piracies and offenses against the Law of Nations, to declare war and make rules of war. The final Necessary and Proper Clause, also known as the Elastic Clause, expressly confers incidental powers upon Congress without the Articles' requirement for express delegation for each and every power. Article I, Section 9 lists eight specific limits on congressional power.","Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution defines the legislative branch of our government, or Congress, and establishes the qualifications to serve as part of that body. It goes on to define the powers and responsibilities delegated to Congress in providing for the defense and general welfare of the United States.",summarization What famous surfers have died while surfing?,,"There are many surfers that have died doing what they love. Some of the most famous are Mark Foo, Dickie Cross, Marcio Freire, Sion Milosky, and Kirk Passmore",brainstorming In which part of Germany is the town Kirchenlamitz located?,"Kirchenlamitz is a town in the district of Wunsiedel, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated in the Fichtelgebirge, 13 km northwest of Wunsiedel and 19 km south of Hof.",Bavaria,closed_qa How can I lower my utility bills?,,"Here are some of the things you can do to lower your utility bills: * check your utility company’s website to see if you qualify for any subsidies * if you’re on a TOU (time of use) plan, try shifting heavy loads, such as electric clothes dryer use, to cheaper time periods * replace your appliances and/or HVAC with more efficient ones * buy solar panels, which will lower the cost of electricity * make sure your home is well insulated",brainstorming "Based on this passage, give a bulleted overview of the components of the lean startup methodology.","Lean startup is a methodology for developing businesses and products that aims to shorten product development cycles and rapidly discover if a proposed business model is viable; this is achieved by adopting a combination of business-hypothesis-driven experimentation, iterative product releases, and validated learning. Lean startup emphasizes customer feedback over intuition and flexibility over planning. This methodology enables recovery from failures more often than traditional ways of product development. ","Lean startup is a business and product development methodology The aim is to shorten product development cycles The approach is to test business hypotheses The experiments involve iterative product releases and learning from customer feedback",summarization Tell me about the Film carreer in points of actress Richa Soni,"Richa Soni is an Indian television actress. She made her debut in Shararat. She is known for her role of Bindiya in the ColorTV's daily soap Bhagyavidhaata . She has also appeared in shows like, Nachle Ve With Saroj Khan - Season 2, Badalte Rishton Ki Dastaan, Jaat Ki Jugni and Siya Ke Ram. She has also done short films like The Silent Statue (showcased in Cannes Film Festival and she also won the Award for ""Best Actress in the Short Films Category"" in the 2nd Jharkhand International Film Festival 2019. The web series Seasoned with Love premiered on Hungama Play on 16 April 2019.","1. Richa Soni is an Indian actress who works in television. 2. In Shararat, she made her acting debut. 3. She is well-known for playing Bindiya in the daily soap opera Bhagyavidhaata on ColorTV. 4. She has also made appearances in episodes like Siya Ke Ram, Badalte Rishton Ki Dastaan, Jaat Ki Jugni, and Nachle Ve With Saroj Khan - Season 2. 5. She has also produced short films, including The Silent Statue, which premiered at the Cannes Film Festival and received the 2019 2nd Jharkhand International Film Festival's award for ""Best Actress in the Short Films Category."" 6. On April 16, 2019, Hungama Play hosted the world premiere of the online series Seasoned with Love.",summarization Can you summarize Catharine of Bourbon’s marriage-related history?,"Both before and after his accession to the throne Catharine of Bourbon was on several occasions proposed as a bride for Edward IV of England. The marriage negotiations came to nothing, and Edward went on to astonish his own people, and the Courts of Europe, by marrying for love Elizabeth Woodville, the daughter of an obscure knight. On 28 December 1463 in Bruges, she married Adolf II, Duke of Guelders, who succeeded his father Arnold as Duke of Guelders in 1465. Catharine and Adolf had twin children","Of course! Catherine of Bourbon was intended to be wed to Edward IV of England, but it never worked out. In 1463 she married Adolf II, Duke of Guelders and had two children.",summarization "Which of the following are things you would commonly pack for a camping trip: freeze dried meals, sleeping bags, curling iron, lantern, axe, tent, high heels, hiking boots, mirrors, vintage trunk, antique lamp, swiss army knife",,"freeze dried meals, sleeping bags, lantern, axe, tent, hiking boots, swiss army knife",classification Summarize the pros and cons of working from home,,"The pros would be mainly the time you save, as you don't have to commute to the office, especially in cities with heavy traffic congestion and if the employee is located far from the office this is a big concern. You get some flexibility with time and you save some carbon and energy as well. On the other hand, the cons would be you won't get to interact physically with your colleagues, grab a coffee and connect with other peers. In the end, it all narrows down to the individual as to what works well for whom.",creative_writing "Of the following, which are characters from the TV show ""I Love Lucy:"" Lucy Ricardo, Ethel Mertz, Donald Trump, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Ricky Ricardo, Fred Mertz, Batman, John Smith",,"Lucy Ricardo, Ethel Mertz, Ricky Ricardo, Fred Mertz",classification What is geovisualization?,,"Geovisualization or geovisualisation (short for geographic visualization), also known as cartographic visualization, refers to a set of tools and techniques supporting the analysis of geospatial data through the use of interactive visualization. Like the related fields of scientific visualization and information visualization geovisualization emphasizes knowledge construction over knowledge storage or information transmission.[To do this, geovisualization communicates geospatial information in ways that, when combined with human understanding, allow for data exploration and decision-making processes. Traditional, static maps have a limited exploratory capability; the graphical representations are inextricably linked to the geographical information beneath. GIS and geovisualization allow for more interactive maps; including the ability to explore different layers of the map, to zoom in or out, and to change the visual appearance of the map, usually on a computer display. Geovisualization represents a set of cartographic technologies and practices that take advantage of the ability of modern microprocessors to render changes to a map in real time, allowing users to adjust the mapped data on the fly.",open_qa What is Mario Puzo's most famous book?,,"The Godfather. Originally published in 1969, is a novel about a fictional crime family in New York.",open_qa What is the 24 hour equivalent to 2PM?,,2PM in 24 hour time is 14:00.,open_qa What is the plot of the movie The Quiet Family,"The Quiet Family (Korean: 조용한 가족; RR: Joyonghan Gajok) is a 1998 South Korean black comedy horror film directed by Kim Jee-woon. The story centers on a family who owns a hunting lodge in a remote area, whose customers always happen to end up dying. Among the film's main cast are pre-stardom Choi Min-sik and Song Kang-ho. The film was loosely remade in Japanese as The Happiness of the Katakuris by Takashi Miike, in Indian Tamil as Yaamirukka Bayamey, in Kannada as Namo Bhootatma and in Telugu as Next Nuvve.","The Quiet Family is a 1998 South Korean black comedy horror film directed by Kim Jee-woon. The story centers on a family who owns a hunting lodge in a remote area, whose customers always happen to end up dying. Among the film's main cast are pre-stardom Choi Min-sik and Song Kang-ho. The film was loosely remade in Japanese as The Happiness of the Katakuris by Takashi Miike, in Indian Tamil as Yaamirukka Bayamey, in Kannada as Namo Bhootatma and in Telugu as Next Nuvve.",summarization "Given a reference text about Scrub Daddy, tell me the details on the deal the founder made on Shark Tank.","Scrub Daddy is a cleaning product company best known for an eponymous sponge it manufactures in the shape of a smiley face. The product is made of a polymer which changes texture – firm in cold water and soft in warm water. As of 2019, Scrub Daddy had the highest revenue of any product successfully pitched on the ABC reality show Shark Tank. History After damaging the exterior of a vehicle when cleaning the outside, detailer Aaron Krause invented a line of buffing and polishing pads. The company was acquired by 3M in August 2008. 3M did not purchase a line of sponges Krause had invented, leaving them to sit in his factory. Five years later, Krause used the remaining sponges to clean his dishes and lawn furniture. According to Krause, this is when he ""realized his multi-million dollar idea."" According to the company's website, Scrub Daddy, Inc. was founded in 2012 with grassroots marketing. On the Shark Tank episode originally airing in October 2012, Lori Greiner made a 20% equity stake deal with Krause for $200,000. The following day, Greiner and Krause sold out of 42,000 sponges in under seven minutes on QVC. Greiner then helped Scrub Daddy to be sold in retail stores such as Bed, Bath & Beyond. In January 2017, Scrub Daddy's total revenues surpassed $100 million – the highest of any Shark Tank product. As of October 2019, the company's lifetime sales were $209 million. In Season 14 Episode 13, it was reported that Scrub Daddy in 10 years has 273 employees, 160 products, sold in 257,000 retail locations, top 5 grossing company in shark tank history, doing over $670m in retail sales since launch.","Aaron Krause, the founder of Scrub Daddy, made a deal with Lori Greiner on Shark Tank, giving her 20% equity in the company for $200,000.",closed_qa Is simul climbing more dangerous for the leader or the follower?,"Short for ""simultaneous"", simul climbing is when two climbers move at the same time. The pseudo-lead climber places gear that the pseudo-follower collects. When the leader runs low on gear they construct a belay station where the follower can join them to exchange gear. The stronger climber is often the pseudo-follower since a fall by the follower would pull the leader from below towards the last piece of gear—a potentially devastating fall for the leader. In contrast, a fall from the leader would pull the follower from above, resulting in a less serious fall. Most speed ascents involve some form of simul climbing but may also include sections of standard free climbing and the use of placed gear for advancement (i.e. partial aid or pulling on gear).","Simul climbing is more dangerous for the leader, since a fall by the follower would pull the leader from below towards the last piece of gear.",closed_qa Write a letter to a school asking for an appointment to tour their facility,,"Dear Sir / Madam: We live in Amsterdam and are parents of a bright 8 year old. We have heard wonderful things about your school and are interested in a tour. We would love to meet the admissions director and tour the facilities. Can you please let us know your availability in the coming few weeks? Thank you!",creative_writing "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Plesiosaur, Loggerhead Turtle",,"Plesiosaur is extinct, Loggerhead Turtle is alive.",classification Please give me summary of the below graph in not more than 2 line.,"Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence of humans and other animals. Example tasks in which this is done include speech recognition, computer vision, translation between (natural) languages, as well as other mappings of inputs. AI applications include advanced web search engines (e.g., Google Search), recommendation systems (used by YouTube, Amazon, and Netflix), understanding human speech (such as Siri and Alexa), self-driving cars (e.g., Waymo), generative or creative tools (ChatGPT and AI art), automated decision-making, and competing at the highest level in strategic game systems (such as chess and Go). As machines become increasingly capable, tasks considered to require ""intelligence"" are often removed from the definition of AI, a phenomenon known as the AI effect. For instance, optical character recognition is frequently excluded from things considered to be AI, having become a routine technology. Artificial intelligence was founded as an academic discipline in 1956, and in the years since it has experienced several waves of optimism, followed by disappointment and the loss of funding (known as an ""AI winter""), followed by new approaches, success, and renewed funding. AI research has tried and discarded many different approaches, including simulating the brain, modeling human problem solving, formal logic, large databases of knowledge, and imitating animal behavior. In the first decades of the 21st century, highly mathematical and statistical machine learning has dominated the field, and this technique has proved highly successful, helping to solve many challenging problems throughout industry and academia. The various sub-fields of AI research are centered around particular goals and the use of particular tools. The traditional goals of AI research include reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, learning, natural language processing, perception, and the ability to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence (the ability to solve an arbitrary problem) is among the field's long-term goals. To solve these problems, AI researchers have adapted and integrated a wide range of problem-solving techniques, including search and mathematical optimization, formal logic, artificial neural networks, and methods based on statistics, probability, and economics. AI also draws upon computer science, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, and many other fields. The field was founded on the assumption that human intelligence ""can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it"". This raised philosophical arguments about the mind and the ethical consequences of creating artificial beings endowed with human-like intelligence; these issues have previously been explored by myth, fiction, and philosophy since antiquity. Computer scientists and philosophers have since suggested that AI may become an existential risk to humanity if its rational capacities are not steered towards beneficial goals. The term artificial intelligence has also been criticized for overhyping AI's true technological capabilities.","Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines rather than Intelligence of species and this AI is being used in some application like advanced web search engines, recommendation systems, understanding human speech, self-driving car, generative or creative tools but like every coin has two face AI also raise ethical consequences of creating artificial beings endowed with human-like intelligence",summarization How do you make an electronic music song?,,"There are quite a few genres in electronic music in which electronic music songs are classified into. A couple of the most popular ones are techno, house, progressive house, trance, breakbeats, drum and bass, dubstep, and many more. With all of these styles, making an electronic music songs is the same. You need to make a beat using a combination of drums, kicks, snares, claps, high hats, toms, and samples. These are organized in a way to make a beat and loop through these rhythms. These rhythms are then layered in a way to help create the foundation for a song. Many popular tools that are used are digital audio workstations also known as a DAW. Drum machines, samplers, and more. Besides the beats and samples, many times other instruments are used such as synthesizers and vocoders. All of this is arranged using the DAW tool to create a song.",creative_writing How can I change a bad habit?,,"Each habit has a trigger event, an action you subconsciously take after the trigger event happens, and the reward that make you keep following the same habit. When you say a habit is bad, it actually means the action you take after the trigger event is something you do not want to keep doing. An effective way to make changes is to replace the action to something different. To make this alternative action effective, this action will need to also produce the reward that your brain is seeking for. In order to find an effective alternative action, you will need to understand what is your trigger and what is the reward. Figuring out the trigger is the first step. You can try to think about what happened when you started to take actions. One way to find the pattern is to write down what happened. Then, you can look at them to find the pattern. Once you find out the trigger, you can try to remind you to change your action after experiencing the trigger event. With your changed action, you will be able to gradually figure out the reward hidden in your old habit. Some actions will not give you the satisfying feeling like old time. After some try-and-error, you can likely tell the new action that actually gives you the same satisfying feeling. Then, you can keep following the new action. Essentially, this new action helps you form the new habit, which suppress the old habit. Finally, please note that when you are having extra stress, you may find it is harder to follow the new habit and start to worry about picking up the old habit again. Please trust yourself to keep the new habit. You faith will help you push through difficult situations.",brainstorming What is the best way to reduce my carbon emissions?,,"A great way to reduce your carbon emissions is reducing the amount of car trips in favour of walking, biking, or taking public transit. Other ways could be buying items used instead of new to save on emissions from the manufacturing process. You could also consider reducing airplane trips by reducing business travel, or taking a train instead.",brainstorming Who is Stevie Wonder?,"Stevie Wonder is an American singer-songwriter, who is credited as a pioneer and influence by musicians across a range of genres that include rhythm and blues, pop, soul, gospel, funk, and jazz.","Stevie Wonder is an American singer-songwriter, who is credited as a pioneer and influence by musicians across a range of genres that include rhythm and blues, pop, soul, gospel, funk, and jazz. A virtual one-man band, Wonder's use of synthesizers and other electronic musical instruments during the 1970s reshaped the conventions of R&B. He also helped drive such genres into the album era, crafting his LPs as cohesive and consistent, in addition to socially conscious statements with complex compositions. Blind since shortly after his birth, Wonder was a child prodigy who signed with Motown's Tamla label at the age of 11, where he was given the professional name Little Stevie Wonder.",summarization What is Materialized View?,"In computing, a materialized view is a database object that contains the results of a query. For example, it may be a local copy of data located remotely, or may be a subset of the rows and/or columns of a table or join result, or may be a summary using an aggregate function.","In Database, a materialized view (MV) is a database object that stores the results of a query. It can be a copy of data from a remote location, a subset of rows and/or columns from a table or join result, or a summary using an aggregate function. MV is normally used for frequent queries of based tables.",closed_qa What are the most powerful server CPUs?,,AMD EPYC and Intel Xeon are among the most powerful server CPUs these days.,open_qa Can you give me a bulleted list of notable physical features of the beaver?,"Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two extant species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras. Beavers have stout bodies with large heads, long chisel-like incisors, brown or gray fur, hand-like front feet, webbed back feet, and tails that are flat and scaly. The two species differ in skull and tail shape and fur color. Beavers can be found in a number of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. They are herbivorous, consuming tree bark, aquatic plants, grasses and sedges.","Beaver Physical Features: - stout bodies - large heads - long chisel-like incisors - brown or gray fur - hand-like front feet - webbed back feet - flat and scaly tails",summarization "Which of these books were written by James Michener and which were written by Ian McEwan: Tales of the South Pacific, Saturday, Atonement, The Children Act, Hawaii, Texas, On Chesil Beach, and Alaska.",,"The books by James Michener are Tales of the South Pacific, Hawaii, Texas, and Alaska, and Ian McEwan wrote Saturday, Atonement, The Children Act, and On Chesil Beach.",classification "Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Pig, Arabian ostrich",,"Pig is domesticated, Arabian ostrich is wild",classification What is the central limit theorem,"In probability theory, the central limit theorem (CLT) establishes that, in many situations, for identically distributed independent samples, the standardized sample mean tends towards the standard normal distribution even if the original variables themselves are not normally distributed. The theorem is a key concept in probability theory because it implies that probabilistic and statistical methods that work for normal distributions can be applicable to many problems involving other types of distributions. This theorem has seen many changes during the formal development of probability theory. Previous versions of the theorem date back to 1811, but in its modern general form, this fundamental result in probability theory was precisely stated as late as 1920, thereby serving as a bridge between classical and modern probability theory.","For example, suppose that a sample is obtained containing many observations, each observation being randomly generated in a way that does not depend on the values of the other observations, and that the arithmetic mean of the observed values is computed. If this procedure is performed many times, the central limit theorem says that the probability distribution of the average will closely approximate a normal distribution. The central limit theorem has several variants. In its common form, the random variables must be independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). In variants, convergence of the mean to the normal distribution also occurs for non-identical distributions or for non-independent observations, if they comply with certain conditions. The earliest version of this theorem, that the normal distribution may be used as an approximation to the binomial distribution, is the de Moivre–Laplace theorem.",information_extraction How is the film Merrily We Roll Along being filed?,"On August 29, 2019, Blumhouse Productions acquired the rights to make a Merrily We Roll Along film, with Richard Linklater directing the film and producing along with Ginger Sledge, Jason Blum, and Jonathan Marc Sherman. Ben Platt, Beanie Feldstein and Blake Jenner were cast to star in the film. Production on the film was announced to commence every couple of years to reflect the characters age over 20 years, similar to how Boyhood (also written and directed by Linklater) was shot over 12 years. The film is based on the latest version of Furth's book, which was adapted by Linklater into the film's screenplay. Jenner exited the film in 2019 (following the filming of the ""Our Time"" sequence) following allegations of domestic abuse made by his ex-wife Melissa Benoist. Paul Mescal took over the role of Franklin Shepard proceeding forward, and the sequence was reshot.","Director Richard Linklater plans to shoot the film Merrily We Roll Along over 20 years, shooting a few scenes each year to accurately capture the actors as they age. This is similar to how Linklater filmed his previous film, Boyhood, which was shot with the same actors over 12 years.",summarization What are some ideas to keep the mind active as I get older?,,"It is important to keep the mind active, and many ways to do so. Board games are a great way to engage the mind, especially games such as Scrabble and chess. Alternatively there are many mobile applications that have solo games such as Wordle and Sudoku that are good for daily mental exercises. And don't forget that reading and conversing daily is a great way to keep the mind engaged.",brainstorming What are some physical activities I could do on a sunny day?,,"On a sunny day, you can take advantage of the nice weather by doing outdoor activities. For solo activities, you can go on a run, a hike or a bike ride. For group activities, consider playing frisbee or playing tennis.",brainstorming How big is Reef manta rays,"The reef manta ray (Mobula alfredi) is a species of ray in the family Mobulidae, one of the largest rays in the world. Among generally recognized species, it is the second-largest species of ray, only surpassed by the giant oceanic manta ray. The species was described in 1868 by Gerard Krefft, the director of the Australian Museum. He named it M. alfredi in honor of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the first member of the British royal family to visit Australia. It was originally described as part of the genus Manta but in 2017 was changed, along with the rest of the mantas, to be included as part of the genus Mobula. Reef manta rays are typically 3 to 3.5 m (9.8 to 11.5 ft) in disc width, with a maximum size of about 5.5 m (18 ft). For a long time included in M. birostris, the status of the reef manta ray as a separate species was only confirmed in 2009. The reef manta ray is found widely in the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific, but with a few records from the tropical East Atlantic and none from the West Atlantic or East Pacific. Compared to the giant oceanic manta ray, the reef manta ray tends to be found in shallower, more coastal habitats, but local migrations are sometimes reported. Mobula birostris is similar in appearance to Mobula alfredi and the two species may be confused as their distribution overlaps. However, there are distinguishing features.","Reef manta rays are typically 3 to 3.5 m (9.8 to 11.5 ft) in disc width, with a maximum size of about 5.5 m (18 ft).",closed_qa When was West Ham started and when did they get the name West Ham United?,"West Ham United Football Club is an English professional football club that plays its home matches in Stratford, East London. The club competes in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. The club plays at the London Stadium, having moved from their former home, the Boleyn Ground, in 2016. The club was founded in 1895 as Thames Ironworks and reformed in 1900 as West Ham United. They moved to the Boleyn Ground in 1904, which remained their home ground for more than a century. The team initially competed in the Southern League and Western League before joining the Football League in 1919. They were promoted to the top flight in 1923, when they were also losing finalists in the first FA Cup Final held at Wembley. In 1940, the club won the inaugural Football League War Cup.",West Ham started in 1895 as Thames Ironworks and became West Ham United in 1900.,closed_qa Extract some information about photograph The Last Joke from given text,"The Last Joke, Bellagio, also known as The Good Joke, is a black and white photograph taken by Alfred Stieglitz during a Summer travel to Italy in 1887. He was then living and studying in Germany and decided to travel through several cities of Italy at the Summer.","1. Alfred Stieglitz captured The Last Joke, Bellagio, also known as The Good Joke, in a black-and-white shot while on a summer trip to Italy in 1887. 2. He made the decision to visit various Italian cities during the summer when he was then residing and attending school in Germany.",summarization What is Venture Capital?,"Venture capital (commonly abbreviated as VC) is a form of private equity financing that is provided by venture capital firms or funds to startups, early-stage, and emerging companies that have been deemed to have high growth potential or which have demonstrated high growth (in terms of number of employees, annual revenue, scale of operations, etc). Venture capital firms or funds invest in these early-stage companies in exchange for equity, or an ownership stake. Venture capitalists take on the risk of financing risky start-ups in the hopes that some of the companies they support will become successful. Because startups face high uncertainty, VC investments have high rates of failure. The start-ups are usually based on an innovative technology or business model and they are usually from high technology industries, such as information technology (IT), clean technology or biotechnology.",Venture capital firms invest in early-stage companies in exchange for equity.,closed_qa What is data science?,,"Data science is a field of study that deals with using mathematics like statistics and large scale computing to build algorithms and models that explain information or predict outcomes and insights from structured, unstructured, and semi-structured. Data scientists spend 80% of their time doing exploratory data analysis and about 20% of their building the model and hyper parameter tuning.",open_qa "When will the The Doors of Stone, the third book of The Kingkiller Chronicle, come out?","The Doors of Stone is unreleased as of 2023, a point of contention online. Rothfuss has said that the book would ""conclude Kvothe's story"", closing off the current arc, but that further stories in the world of Temerant would be forthcoming.[citation needed] He also said that the book presented challenges different from The Wise Man's Fear's. In 2020, Rothfuss's publisher and editor Elizabeth Wollheim expressed frustration with the delay, stating she had not read ""a word"" of the book nine years on. In 2021, Rothfuss apologized for the long delay in releasing The Doors of Stone, citing issues in his personal life and his mental health as reasons.","As of 2023, The Doors of Stone is unreleased, with no stated release date. Rothfuss has stated that the book presented challenges to complete, and issues in his personal life and mental health have contributed to the delay.",closed_qa "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Chrotta, Frula",,"Chrotta is string, Frula is woodwind.",classification "Help me select what to wear for a beach party with my friends and what clothes to bring in my backpack so I can change for dinner. The weather will be hot during the day and cool at night. Here are my options: A winter coat, a bathing suit, sandals, a short sleeve button down shirt, a hat, sunglasses, underwear, socks, sneakers, a rain coat, a tuxedo, sweatpants, jeans, a tank top, a pair of khakis",,"Since you will be at the beach and it will be hot you will want a bathing suit, sandals, a hat, sunglasses and a tank top. In you backpack you should bring a short sleeve button down shirt, underwear, socks, sneakers and jeans to change into for dinner.",classification Is Italian closer to French or to German?,,"Given the latin basis, Italian has a lot more similarities to French than to German.",open_qa "Which is better for you, red or green grapes?",,"In general, dark red and purple grapes are higher in antioxidants than green or white grapes. The antioxidants found in grapes can help protect your cells from free radicals, which are a natural byproduct of your body's biological processes",open_qa Steps to create a chatbot,,"Choose the right purpose for Chatbot Decide the platform where you want it to appear Design a chatbot conversation on a editor test and train your chatbot Collect feedback on your chatbot",brainstorming What is wheat?,,"Wheat starts off as a grass, and it is grown to collect its seeds. The grain seeds from wheat are often used in cereal, biscuits, crackers, bread, chips, pizza, pasta and pastries. Wheat is also given in its raw form to farm animals to help them grow and stay nourished.",open_qa What can I do as a fun activity in Amsterdam this weekend?,,"Amsterdam has a lot of fun activities. You can go to Dam square and enjoy the city center. Canal cruise is also recommended. There are often many concerts and events arranged during the weekend that you can join. Renting a bike and going around the city is also fun. If you enjoy nightlife, you can also go to the Led Zepelling area in the city and enjoy the music and dance.",brainstorming What are common gaming consoles used to play video games?,,"Common gaming consoles used to play video games include personal computers, Xbox, and Playstation",open_qa Name the affiliates of the Tata Group.,"The Tata Group (/ˈtɑːtɑː/) is an Indian multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai. Established in 1868, it is India's largest conglomerate, with products and services in over 150 countries, and operations in 100 countries across six continents. Acknowledged as the founder of the Tata Group, Jamsetji Tata is sometimes referred to as the ""father of Indian industry"". Each Tata company operates independently under the guidance and supervision of its own board of directors and shareholders. Philanthropic trusts control over 66% of the Tata holding company Tata Sons, while the Tata family is a very small shareholder. The group's annual revenue for fiscal year 2021–22 was reported to be US$128 billion. There are 29 publicly-listed Tata Group companies with a combined market capitalisation of $311 billion as of March 2022. The company has operations across Asia, Africa, America, and Middle East. Significant Tata Group affiliates include Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Consumer Products, Tata Motors, Tata Power, Tata Steel, Voltas, Titan Company, Tanishq, Tata Chemicals, Tata Communications, Trent, Tata Elxsi, Indian Hotels Company, Air India, TajAir, Tata Cliq, Tata Advanced Systems, Tata Capital, Cromā, BigBasket and Tata Starbucks.","Significant Tata Group affiliates include Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Consumer Products, Tata Motors, Tata Power, Tata Steel, Voltas, Titan Company, Tanishq, Tata Chemicals, Tata Communications, Trent, Tata Elxsi, Indian Hotels Company, Air India, TajAir, Tata Cliq, Tata Advanced Systems, Tata Capital, Cromā, BigBasket and Tata Starbucks.",information_extraction Which dragon in Game of Thrones was reanimated as a wight?,,Viserion,open_qa "Given this reference text about Gorbachev, tell me whether he was an ally of Yeltsin and Putin.","Although committed to preserving the Soviet state and its Marxist–Leninist ideals, Gorbachev believed significant reform necessary for survival. He withdrew troops from the Soviet–Afghan War and embarked on summits with United States president Ronald Reagan to limit nuclear weapons and end the Cold War. Domestically, his policy of glasnost (""openness"") allowed for enhanced freedom of speech and press, while his perestroika (""restructuring"") sought to decentralize economic decision-making to improve its efficiency. His democratization measures and formation of the elected Congress of People's Deputies undermined the one-party state. Gorbachev declined to intervene militarily when various Eastern Bloc countries abandoned Marxist–Leninist governance in 1989–1992. Internally, growing nationalist sentiment threatened to break up the Soviet Union, leading Marxist–Leninist hardliners to launch the unsuccessful August Coup against Gorbachev in 1991. In the coup's wake, the Soviet Union dissolved against Gorbachev's wishes. After resigning from the presidency, he launched the Gorbachev Foundation, became a vocal critic of Russian presidents Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin, and campaigned for Russia's social-democratic movement.","According to this passage, Gorbachev was neither an ally of Yeltsin nor of Putin. In fact, he was a vocal critic of both of them.",closed_qa Does Caulerpa ellistoniae grow on land?,Caulerpa ellistoniae is a species of seaweed in the family Caulerpaceae.,"No, it grows in the sea because it is a species of seaweed.",information_extraction "Given this paragraph about Nicaraguan nationality law, with which countries can Nicaraguan citizens obtain dual citizenship?","Nicaragua has a large diaspora that make significant contributions to the economy. Recognizing that forcing them to give up Nicaraguan nationality to acquire a different nationality would impact the country, changes were made to eliminate the possibility that birthright Nicaraguans could lose their nationality. Nicaragua has dual nationality treaties with Argentina, the nations of Central America, Italy and Spain. Children born abroad who obtain nationality by birth in another place are also accepted as dual nationals. In the case that their parents are naturalized Nicaraguans, they must ratify their choice of Nicaraguan citizenship upon attaining the age of 16.","Nicaraguan nationals can obtain dual citizenship through joint-treaty with Argentina, Central American nations, Italy, and Spain. Children with parents who are Nicaraguan citizens that are born abroad will receive dual citizenship.",closed_qa What are some countries I could go backpacking in if I want to see the Alps?,,"Switzerland, France, Italy, Slovenia, Austria, Germany",brainstorming Please summarize “The Decision” that Lebron James has made based on the following paragraph.,"James became an unrestricted free agent at 12:01 am EDT on July 1, 2010. During this time, he was contacted by several teams, including the Bulls, Los Angeles Clippers, Miami Heat, New York Knicks, New Jersey Nets, and Cavaliers. On July 8, he announced on a live ESPN special titled The Decision that he would sign with the Heat. The telecast was broadcast from the Boys & Girls Club of Greenwich, Connecticut and raised $2.5 million for the charity. An additional $3.5 million was raised from advertising revenue, which was donated to other charities. The day before the special, fellow free agents Chris Bosh and Dwyane Wade also announced that they would sign with Miami; reports later arose that back in 2006 the trio had discussed among themselves their upcoming 2010 free agencies. James decided to join with Bosh and Wade in part so that he could shoulder less of the offensive load; he thought that his improved teammates would give him a better chance of winning an NBA championship than had he stayed in Cleveland. Heat president Pat Riley played a major role in selling James on the idea of playing with Bosh and Wade. James would be relieved of the burden of scoring, and he thought he could be the first player since Oscar Robertson to average a triple-double in a season. Upon leaving the Cavaliers, James drew intense criticism from sports analysts, executives, fans, and current and former players. The Decision itself was also scrutinized and viewed as unnecessary. Many thought that the prolonged wait for James's choice was unprofessional as not even the teams courting him were aware of his decision until moments before the show. Upon learning that James would not be returning to Cleveland, Cavaliers owner Dan Gilbert published an open letter to fans in which he aggressively denounced James's actions. Some angry fans of the team recorded videos of themselves burning his jersey. Former NBA players, including Michael Jordan and Magic Johnson, were also critical of James, condemning him for joining with Bosh and Wade in Miami and not trying to win a championship as ""the man"". James drew further criticism in a September interview with CNN when he claimed that race might have been a factor in the fallout from The Decision. As a result of his actions during the 2010 free agency period, he quickly gained a reputation as one of America's most disliked athletes, which was a radical change from prior years. The phrase ""taking my talents to South Beach"" became a punch line for critics. In retrospect, James has expressed some regret over his handling of The Decision.","In 2010, Lebron James became an unrestricted free agent. With the invitation from multiple NBA teams, Lebron announced his decision to join Miami Heat on July 8, 2010. The decision was broadcasted live on ESPN and raised money for charity. Chris Bosh and Dwyane Wade decided to join the Heat before the decision and was the major reason for Lebron James’ decision. Lebron James has received a huge amount of criticism for the decision, including fans, former NBA players and press.",summarization Extract the names of the cities and rank them in alphabetical order?,"The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. Its capital and largest city is London, the capital of England, a global city and financial centre with a population of over 14 million people. Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast are the national capitals of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland respectively.","The cities listed in alphabetical order are Belfast, Cardiff, Edinburgh and London.",information_extraction "Who first used the term ""glass ceiling""?","A glass ceiling is a metaphor usually applied to women, used to represent an invisible barrier that prevents a given demographic from rising beyond a certain level in a hierarchy. No matter how invisible the glass ceiling is expressed, it is actually a difficult obstacle to overcome. The metaphor was first used by feminists in reference to barriers in the careers of high-achieving women. It was coined by Marilyn Loden during a speech in 1978. In the United States, the concept is sometimes extended to refer to racial inequality in the United States. Minority women in white-majority countries often find the most difficulty in ""breaking the glass ceiling"" because they lie at the intersection of two historically marginalized groups: women and people of color. East Asian and East Asian American news outlets have coined the term ""bamboo ceiling"" to refer to the obstacles that all East Asian Americans face in advancing their careers. Similarly, a multitude of barriers that refugees and asylum seekers face in their search for meaningful employment is referred to as canvas ceiling.","The term ""glass ceiling"" was first used by Marilyn Loden in a 1978 speech.",closed_qa What is Python?,,"Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation via the off-side rule. Python is dynamically typed and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional programming. It is often described as a ""batteries included"" language due to its comprehensive standard library.",open_qa What are the different types of cancers?,,"Cancers are classified in two ways: Histological type, or the type of tissue in which the cancer originated, and by primary site, or the location in the body where the cancer first developed. From a histological standpoint, there are hundreds of different cancers, which are grouped into six major categories: 1. Carcinoma 2. Sarcoma 3. Myeloma 4. Leukemia 5. Lymphoma 6. Mixed Types",classification What is goal line technology in a soccer game?,,"The goal line technology is the use of electronic aid to determine if a goal has been scored or not. In detail, it is a method used to determine when the ball has completely crossed the goal line in between the goal-posts and underneath the crossbar with the assistance of electronic devices and at the same time assisting the referee in awarding a goal or not.",open_qa What does Pinot noir mean?,"Pinot noir (French: [pino nwaʁ]) is a red-wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. The name may also refer to wines created predominantly from pinot noir grapes. The name is derived from the French words for pine and black. The word pine alludes to the grape variety having tightly clustered, pinecone–shaped bunches of fruit.",Pinot noir is a red-wine grape. The name is a combination of the two french words for pine and black.,information_extraction Where is Salvador Brazil?,,"Salvador is a Brazilian municipality and capital city of the state of Bahia. Situated in the Zona da Mata in the Northeast Region of Brazil, Salvador is recognized throughout the country and internationally for its cuisine, music and architecture. The African influence in many cultural aspects of the city makes it a center of Afro-Brazilian culture. As the first capital of Colonial Brazil, the city is one of the oldest in the Americas and one of the first planned cities in the world, having been established during the Renaissance period. Its foundation in 1549 by Tomé de Sousa took place on account of the implementation of the General Government of Brazil by the Portuguese Empire.",open_qa List down the key takeaways from the below paragraph on how Singapore growth is derived from its monetary policy,"Unlike many other central banks such as Federal Reserve System, European Central Bank or Bank of England, MAS does not regulate the monetary system via interest rates to influence the liquidity in the system. Instead, it chooses to do it via the foreign exchange mechanism, which it has been doing since 1981. In doing so it manages the Singapore dollar versus a number of currencies that they do not reveal publicly – a Singapore dollar nominal effective exchange rate (S$ NEER). It carries this out by intervening in the SGD market as well as other operations in the money market. The MAS reviews its policy stance less frequently than most central banks, in a cycle that is around every 6 months. In some circumstances, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic MAS can change the date of its twice yearly meeting.","Policy to adopt foreign exchange mechanism instead of interest rates to regulate monetary system It manages Singapore dollar against multiple currency. it policy review/change is less than other central banks Singapore dollar nominal effective exchange rate (S$ NEER).",summarization Who was the first to record the Needles and Pins song?,"""Needles and Pins"" is a rock song credited to American writers Jack Nitzsche and Sonny Bono. Jackie DeShannon recorded it in 1963 and other versions followed. The most successful ones were by the Searchers, whose version reached No. 1 on the UK singles chart in 1964, and Smokie, who had a worldwide hit in 1977. Others who recorded the song include the Ramones, Gene Clark, and Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers with Stevie Nicks. Jackie DeShannon version (1963) In his autobiography, Bono states that he sang along with Nitzsche's guitar-playing, thus creating both the tune and the lyrics, being guided by the chord progressions. However, Jackie DeShannon claims that the song was written at the piano, and that she was a full participant in the song's creation, along with Nitzsche and Bono, although she did not get formal credit. DeShannon was the first to record the song; in the US it peaked at number 84 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in May 1963. Though it was only a minor US hit, DeShannon's recording of the song topped the charts in Canada, hitting number one on the CHUM Chart in July 1963",The first artist to record Needles and Pins song was DeShannon.,closed_qa What is Sinking Sand?,"Quicksand, also known as sinking sand, is a colloid consisting of fine granular material (such as sand, silt or clay) and water. It forms in saturated loose sand when the sand is suddenly agitated. When water in the sand cannot escape, it creates a liquefied soil that loses strength and cannot support weight. Quicksand can form in standing water or in upward flowing water (as from an artesian spring). In the case of upward flowing water, forces oppose the force of gravity and suspend the soil particles.",Sinking Sand is most commonly known as Quicksand.,closed_qa How many hands do humans have?,,"Humans without any genetic defects or major limb injuries have two hands. However a very small number of people have zero, one, or three hands.",open_qa How does the sun sustain life on earth?,,"The sun is what sustains life on earth. It provides the light needed for plants to grow through photosynthesis. It is a main source of Vitamin D for humans, and it is a source of energy we can capture on earth and convert into usable electricity through the use of solar panels. It is what causes weather and climate changes on the earth. Animals and plants are completely dependent on the sun because it creates the food we need to survive.",open_qa Which component of a PV solar system implements MPPT?,"Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) or sometimes just power point tracking (PPT), is a technique used with variable power sources to maximize energy extraction as conditions vary. The technique is most commonly used with photovoltaic (PV) solar systems, but can also be used with wind turbines, optical power transmission and thermophotovoltaics. PV solar systems have varying relationships to inverter systems, external grids, battery banks, and other electrical loads. The central problem addressed by MPPT is that the efficiency of power transfer from the solar cell depends on the amount of available sunlight, shading, solar panel temperature and the load's electrical characteristics. As these conditions vary, the load characteristic (impedance) that gives the highest power transfer changes. The system is optimized when the load characteristic changes to keep power transfer at highest efficiency. This optimal load characteristic is called the maximum power point (MPP). MPPT is the process of adjusting the load characteristic as the conditions change. Circuits can be designed to present optimal loads to the photovoltaic cells and then convert the voltage, current, or frequency to suit other devices or systems. Solar cells' non-linear relationship between temperature and total resistance can be analyzed based on the Current-voltage (I-V) curve and the power-voltage (P-V) curves. MPPT samples cell output and applies the proper resistance (load) to obtain maximum power. MPPT devices are typically integrated into an electric power converter system that provides voltage or current conversion, filtering, and regulation for driving various loads, including power grids, batteries, or motors. Solar inverters convert DC power to AC power and may incorporate MPPT. The power at the MPP (Pmpp) is the product of the MPP voltage (Vmpp) and MPP current (Impp). In general, the P-V curve of a partially shaded solar array can have multiple peaks, and some algorithms can get stuck in a local maximum rather than the global maximum of the curve.",An MPPT device is usually integrated into the electric power converter system. The electric power converter system is responsible for voltage and current conversation like the DC to AC solar inverter.,information_extraction Why do we watch television?,,"Television are in almost every home in the United States today. Currently 97% of all US households have an average of 2-3 televisions per home. We use TV as a communication tool to learn what is going on around us in our communities, outside of our communities, and all around the world. It is a way for us to stay connected on current events and get prepared and be safe due to forecasted natural disasters. We use television to even find missing persons, learn who to donate to for good causes, and stay up to date with what is going on in the political arena.",open_qa When was the Boeing 747 first entered into service?,,"It entered service with Pan Am on January 22, 1970",open_qa Which countries today were commonly part of the Fertile Crescent in history?,"Traditional dried fruit such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots and apples have been a staple of Mediterranean diets for millennia. This is due partly to their early cultivation in the Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt. Drying or dehydration also happened to be the earliest form of food preservation: grapes, dates, and figs that fell from the tree or vine would dry in the hot sun. Early hunter-gatherers observed that these fallen fruit took on an edible form, and valued them for their stability as well as their concentrated sweetness. The earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC, which contain what are probably the oldest known written recipes. These clay slabs, written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia, were inscribed in cuneiform and tell of diets based on grains (barley, millet, wheat), vegetables and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, pomegranates, and grapes. These early civilizations used dates, date juice evaporated into syrup and raisins as sweeteners. They included dried fruits in their breads for which they had more than 300 recipes, from simple barley bread for the workers to very elaborate, spiced cakes with honey for the palaces and temples. The date palm was one of the first cultivated trees. It was domesticated in Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago. It grew abundantly in the Fertile Crescent and it was so productive (an average date palm produces 50 kg (100 lbs) of fruit a year for 60 years or more) that dates were the cheapest of staple foods. Because they were so valuable, they were well recorded in Assyrian and Babylonian monuments and temples. The villagers in Mesopotamia dried them and ate them as sweets. Whether fresh, soft-dried or hard-dried, they helped to give character to meat dishes and grain pies. They were valued by travelers for their energy and were recommended as stimulants against fatigue. Figs were also prized in early Mesopotamia, Palestine, Israel, and Egypt where their daily use was probably greater than or equal to that of dates. As well as appearing in wall paintings, many specimens have been found in Egyptian tombs as funerary offerings. In Greece and Crete, figs grew very readily and they were the staple of poor and rich alike, particularly in their dried form. Grape cultivation first began in Armenia and the eastern regions of the Mediterranean in the 4th century BC. Raisins were produced by drying grapes in the hot desert sun. Very quickly, viticulture and raisin production spread across northern Africa including Morocco and Tunisia. The Phoenicians and the Egyptians popularized the production of raisins, probably due to the perfect arid environment for sun drying. They put them in jars for storage and allotted them to the different temples by the thousands. They also added them to breads and various pastries, some made with honey, some with milk and eggs. From the Middle East, these fruits spread through Greece to Italy where they became a major part of the diet. Ancient Romans consumed raisins in spectacular quantities and at all levels of society, including them as a key part of their common meals, along with olives and fresh fruits. Raisined breads were common for breakfast and were consumed with their grains, beans, and cultured milks. Raisins were so valued that they transcended the food realm and became rewards for successful athletes, as well as premium barter currency. Having dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: ""She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year."" Figs were also extremely popular in Rome. Dried figs were added to bread and formed a major part of the winter food of country people. They were rubbed with spices such as cumin, anise and fennel seeds, or toasted sesame, wrapped in fig leaves and stored in jars. Today, major producing regions include Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza and many other Arabic countries. Dried figs are rich in vitamins, phosphorus and various other important minerals. Plums, apricots and peaches had their origins in Asia. They were domesticated in China in the 3rd millennium BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were also very popular, fresh and dried alike. They arrived in Greece and Italy much later and were very expensive but valued in the preparation of gourmet dishes with port or stewed with honey and spices.","The Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, is made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt.",information_extraction Which is a species of fish? Pearl or Pearlfish,,Pearlfish,classification What is an apartment building?,"Apartment buildings are multi-story buildings where three or more residences are contained within one structure. Such a building may be called an apartment building, apartment complex, flat complex, block of flats, tower block, high-rise or, occasionally, mansion block (in British English), especially if it consists of many apartments for rent. A high-rise apartment building is commonly referred to as a residential tower, apartment tower, or block of flats in Australia.","An apartment building is a multi-story building with at least three residences. Each residential unit within the building has many different names depending on the country or region; flat is commonly used in British English, while the term apartment is most popular in North America.",summarization What is an ATM?,,"An automated teller machine (ATM) is an electronic telecommunications device that enables customers of financial institutions to perform financial transactions, such as cash withdrawals, deposits, funds transfers, balance inquiries or account information inquiries, at any time and without the need for direct interaction with bank staff. ATMs are known by a variety of names, including automatic teller machine (ATM) in the United States (sometimes redundantly as ""ATM machine""). In Canada, the term automated banking machine (ABM) is also used, although ATM is also very commonly used in Canada, with many Canadian organizations using ATM over ABM. In British English, the terms cashpoint, cash machine and hole in the wall are most widely used. Other terms include any time money, cashline, tyme machine, cash dispenser, cash corner, bankomat, or bancomat. ATMs that are not operated by a financial institution are known as ""white-label"" ATMs. Using an ATM, customers can access their bank deposit or credit accounts in order to make a variety of financial transactions, most notably cash withdrawals and balance checking, as well as transferring credit to and from mobile phones. ATMs can also be used to withdraw cash in a foreign country. If the currency being withdrawn from the ATM is different from that in which the bank account is denominated, the money will be converted at the financial institution's exchange rate. Customers are typically identified by inserting a plastic ATM card (or some other acceptable payment card) into the ATM, with authentication being by the customer entering a personal identification number (PIN), which must match the PIN stored in the chip on the card (if the card is so equipped), or in the issuing financial institution's database.",open_qa "What plant do cats like to chew or sniff, which may give them a ""high""?",,Many cats enjoy chewing or sniffing fresh and dried catnip.,open_qa What is Sir Charles Lyell best known for?,"Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, FRS (14 November 1797 – 22 February 1875) was a Scottish geologist who demonstrated the power of known natural causes in explaining the earth's history. He is best known as the author of Principles of Geology (1830–33), which presented to a wide public audience the idea that the earth was shaped by the same natural processes still in operation today, operating at similar intensities. The philosopher William Whewell termed this gradualistic view ""uniformitarianism"" and contrasted it with catastrophism, which had been championed by Georges Cuvier and was better accepted in Europe. The combination of evidence and eloquence in Principles convinced a wide range of readers of the significance of ""deep time"" for understanding the earth and environment.",Sir Charles Lyell is best known as the author of Principles of Geology (1830-1833),information_extraction What are the main ingredients for making bread?,,"Flour, water, yeast, and salt",open_qa TAP is the national airline of which country,,Portugal,open_qa Give me a list of different ways to reduce the fat and keep you in good shape.,,"There are multiple different ways for losing weight and keep yourself fit. Here are some commonly used effective ways that I can think of: 1. Choose a healthier dietary including less fat and sugar. 2. Exercise regularly like running, stretching, weight lifting etc. 3. Have your food early in the day when you have a lot of activities and avoid having food at night time. 4. Have a more regular routine for dietary and sleeping. 5. Avoid alcohol and cigarette.",brainstorming What are the common area of property maintenance that a home owner must deal with?,,"Maintenance of a home involves addressing the functioning of its main systems: structure, roofing and windows, electrical, plumbing, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning). Structure refers to the exterior and interior walls, many of which are ""load bearing,"" meaning they support something above them, like a ceiling or a roof. Roofing and windows protect the interior of a home from the exterior conditions, keeping out rain, wind, and insects. Doors fit into this category, too. Electrical systems connect electricity provided by an outside source, such as a power company, into the home for use by appliances, lights, entertainment, and other items powered by electricity. Plumbing systems bring water into, then out of, the home for use in the kitchen and bathrooms. HVAC systems control the interior climate, managing temperature and humidity to make the home comfortable.",open_qa What is Time magazine?,"Time (stylized in all caps) is an American news magazine based in New York City. For nearly a century, it was published weekly, but starting in March 2020 it transitioned to every other week. It was first published in New York City on March 3, 1923, and for many years it was run by its influential co-founder, Henry Luce. A European edition (Time Europe, formerly known as Time Atlantic) is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa, and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition (Time Asia) is based in Hong Kong. The South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney. Since 2018, Time has been owned by Salesforce founder Marc Benioff, who acquired it from Meredith Corporation. Benioff currently publishes the magazine through the company Time USA, LLC.","An American news magazine, based in New York City since March 3,1923, published every week since and every other week since March 2020. Initially it was run by it's co-founder, Henry Luce but since 2018, it has been owned by Salesforce founder Marc Benioff, who publishes it through the company Time USA, LLC.",summarization "On a flight, I can only pack three of the following items: sword, book, phone, suitcase, parrot, plane. Which ones should I pack?",,"I’d recommend packing a book to read, a phone for your electronic ticket, and a suitcase to hold clothes and the rest of your items. A parrot and sword won’t be allowed on a flight, and a plane will be used for the flight but not taken onboard.",classification Which national parks should I visit in Utah?,,"Utah has what is called the Mighty 5. This list includes Arches, Bryce Canyon, Canyonlands, Capitol Reef and Zion. With so many choices to choose from, it can be difficult to decide. Arches is known for it's famous ""Delicate Arch"" which you have seen on postcards and the like. Bryce Canyon has countless hoodoos, perfect for your picturesque moment. Canyonlands, may even remind you of the Grand Canyon, so if you've enjoyed that in the past, you might want to start here (it's close by to Arches). Capitol reef has a wide variety of landscapes including arches, cliffs, canyons, etc. Last but most certainly not least, Zion. This park may be the most well-traveled on the list. Zion is especially known for it's big wall climbs.",creative_writing Is the USS Rachel Seaman made of metal?,USS Rachel Seaman was a wooden schooner purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War.,"No, it is made of wood.",closed_qa Who were the Grateful Dead?,,"The Grateful Dead were a band founded in 1965 in the Bay Area. Their original members include Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir, Phil Lesh, Ron (Pigpen) McKernan and Bill Kreutzman.",open_qa Is it better to run or to walk?,,Deciding if running or walking depends on the environment you are in and your capabilities as a person. The health benefits primarily of walking and running is raising the heart rate. Consistency is key and it is better to maintain a regular walking habit then to have a sporadic running habit. If somebody is able to maintain a regular running habit they will see the most benefit from a cardiovascular perspective.,creative_writing "here is some text about Grand-Lahou Department, What year did Grand-Lahou become part of Lagunes District?","Grand-Lahou Department was created in 1988 as a first-level subdivision via a split-off from Abidjan Department. In 1997, regions were introduced as new first-level subdivisions of Ivory Coast; as a result, all departments were converted into second-level subdivisions. Grand-Lahou Department was included in Lagunes Region. In 2011, districts were introduced as new first-level subdivisions of Ivory Coast. At the same time, regions were reorganised and became second-level subdivisions and all departments were converted into third-level subdivisions. At this time, Grand-Lahou Department became part of Grands-Ponts Region in Lagunes District.",In 2011.,closed_qa What is a fake news?,,"There is no clear definition of fake news. However in general a fake news is a false or misleading information spread across media. Fake news in social media may be used to attract visualisations and likes so the person posting gets returns in higher visibility and popularity. Sometimes, fake news may also be used in a more architected manner in marketing campaigns with the aim of damaging reputations of brands or persons or interfere with mass opinion in democratic countries for example during elections",creative_writing "Given this paragraph about the planet Jupiter, tell me what it is made of.","Jupiter's upper atmosphere is about 90% hydrogen and 10% helium by volume. Since helium atoms are more massive than hydrogen molecules, Jupiter's atmosphere is approximately 24% helium by mass. The atmosphere also contains trace amounts of methane, water vapour, ammonia, and silicon-based compounds. There are also fractional amounts of carbon, ethane, hydrogen sulfide, neon, oxygen, phosphine, and sulfur. The outermost layer of the atmosphere contains crystals of frozen ammonia. Through infrared and ultraviolet measurements, trace amounts of benzene and other hydrocarbons have also been found. The interior of Jupiter contains denser materials—by mass it is roughly 71% hydrogen, 24% helium, and 5% other elements.","The planet Jupiter is referred to as a gas giant, because the matter that makes it up is almost entirely in gaseous form. It has no solid form like many of the other planets in our solar system. Jupiter consists primarily of hydrogen and helium. By volume, the hydrogen distribution ranges from 71-90%, while we will find anywhere from 10-24% helium. There are also traces of other materials to be found. These include methane, water vapour, ammonia, silicon-based compounds and others.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph about skydiving, give me the average time skydiver spends in freefall.","Skydiving includes free falling (usually from an airplane) through the air prior to opening a parachute. Typically skydives are carried out from around 4,000m (or 12,500ft) offering 40 to 50 seconds of freefall time. Longer free fall times can be achieved by exiting an aircraft at altitudes much higher than 4,000m, but very high jumps require pressurized air within the aircraft, and bottled oxygen for the diver.","Typically skydives are carried out from around 4,000m (or 12,500ft) offering 40 to 50 seconds of freefall time.",closed_qa What is the most famous 'Running of the Bulls' event?,"A running of the bulls (Spanish: encierro, from the verb encerrar, 'to corral, to enclose'; Occitan: abrivado, literally 'haste, momentum'; Catalan: correbous, 'run-bulls') is an event that involves running in front of a small group of bulls, typically six but sometimes ten or more, that have been let loose on sectioned-off streets in a town, usually as part of a summertime festival. Particular breeds of cattle may be favored, such as the toro bravo in Spain, also often used in post-run bullfighting, and Camargue cattle in Occitan France, which are not fought. Bulls (non-castrated male cattle) are typically used in such events. The most famous bull-run is the encierro held in Pamplona during the nine-day festival of Sanfermines in honor of Saint Fermin. It has become a major global tourism event, today very different from the traditional, local festival. More traditional summer bull-runs are held in other places such as towns and villages across Spain and Portugal, in some cities in Mexico, and in the Occitan (Camargue) region of southern France. Bull-running was formerly also practiced in rural England, most famously at Stamford until 1837.",The most famous 'Running of the Bulls' event is held annually in Pamplona Spain during the nine-day festival of Sanfermines in honor of Saint Fermin.,information_extraction What is a remote control used for?,,"A remote control is used for controlling electronic devices. Some items you can use with a remote are a remote control car, television, stereo receiver, lights, home automation, fans, and kids toys. Using a remote will take batteries or some sort of power source in order to make it operational.",open_qa How many national championships had Youngstown State Penguins football team won prior to 1991?,"The 1991 Youngstown State Penguins football team represented Youngstown State University in the 1991 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Penguins were led by sixth-year head coach Jim Tressel and played their home games at Stambaugh Stadium. They finished the season 12–3. They received an at-large bid to the I-AA playoffs, where they defeated Villanova, Nevada, and Samford to advance to the National Championship Game, where they defeated Marshall. This was their first national championship in school history.",None. 1991 was their first national championship in school history so there weren't any prior national championships for Youngstown State Penguins football team.,closed_qa What are the four great inventions of Ancient China?,,"The four great inventions of ancient China are paper-making, printing, gunpowder and compass. Paper that was most similar to modern materials, was first invented by a court official named Cai Lun in the early 2nd century China. It was relatively cheap, light and suitable for brush writing, and was produced using bark, rags, wheat stalks and other materials. As for printing, the first book with a verifiable date of printing was a Buddhist sutra that was printed in the Tang Dynasty, around the year of 868. The use of gunpowder technique was first discovered by Chinese monks in the 9th century CE, during their quest for a life-extending elixir. Last but not least, one of the first books to describe the magnetic compass was written by Shen Kuo in the Song Dynasty, 11th Century CE.",open_qa "Which Roman general was conspired against and assassinated that is quoted ""Et tu, Brute?""?",,Julius Cesar,open_qa What is a levee?,,"A levee is a built barrier that is used to hold back water. Often times during construction levees are built to cheapen construction costs so individual home foundations do not have to be raised in areas that are prone to flooding. Raising individual home foundations to prevent flooding is very costly. Levees help to prevent flooding and also help capture water that could cause flooding during heavy rain, torrential storms, and hurricanes.",open_qa What is muscular hypertrophy?,,Muscular hypertrophy is the process of increasing the size of muscles.,open_qa What is salvation in christianity?,"In Christianity, salvation (also called deliverance or redemption) is the ""saving human beings from sin and its consequences, which include death and separation from God"" by Christ's death and resurrection, and the justification following this salvation. While the idea of Jesus' death as an atonement for human sin was recorded in the Christian Bible, and was elaborated in Paul's epistles and in the Gospels, Paul saw the faithful redeemed by participation in Jesus' death and rising. Early Christians regarded themselves as partaking in a new covenant with God, open to both Jews and Gentiles, through the sacrificial death and subsequent exaltation of Jesus Christ. Early Christian notions of the person and sacrificial role of Jesus in human salvation were further elaborated by the Church Fathers, medieval writers and modern scholars in various atonement theories, such as the ransom theory, Christus Victor theory, recapitulation theory, satisfaction theory, penal substitution theory and moral influence theory. Variant views on salvation (soteriology) are among the main fault lines dividing the various Christian denominations, including conflicting definitions of sin and depravity (the sinful nature of mankind), justification (God's means of removing the consequences of sin), and atonement (the forgiving or pardoning of sin through the suffering, death and resurrection of Jesus).","Salvation in christianity is the redemption of human beings from the consequences of their sins through the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Jesus's death is counted as the payment for the sin of all mankind, as recorded by Paul in his letters. This salvation is open to everyone, not just the jews. Anyone who believes that Jesus died for their sins and rose again receives the salvation that God has to offer.",summarization What are the advantages and disadvantages of allowing people to perform delivery tasks by walking instead of requiring the use of a bike or car? When do you think it is more pragmatic for deliveries to be fulfilled by walking versus biking or driving?,,"There are both advantages and disadvantages to allowing delivery tasks to be completed by walking instead of biking or driving. The following is a list of advantages and disadvantages: Advantages: - Additional supply of individuals capable of performing deliveries (i.e., people without a bike or car) - Potential for shorter delivery times in densely populated metropolitan areas - Positive impact on the environment and sustainability - Stronger contribution margins for shorter deliveries Disadvantages: - Weather can heavily impact if items are delivered or not as well as the quality of items when delivered (e.g., wet paper towels) - Limitations on the number and weight of items being delivered - Less deliveries can be performed together (i.e., batching of deliveries) - Distance items can be delivered is substantially shorter Overall, permitting deliveries to be fulfilled by walking likely provides incremental benefits in certain situations, especially in densely populated urban centers. However, it is not feasible to deliver items by walking in suburban or rural areas given the distance that needs to be covered to successfully deliver items.",brainstorming Is there a fictional book and tv show by the name Shantaram?,,yes,classification What is TSA?,"The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that has authority over the security of transportation systems within, and connecting to the United States. It was created as a response to the September 11 attacks to improve airport security procedures and consolidate air travel security under a dedicated federal administrative law enforcement agency.",TSA stands for Transportation Security Administration in the United States. It is the agency that is responsible for the security of transportation systems within United States. They are mainly responsible for airport security.,closed_qa what is kangen water?,,Kangen water is alkaline ionized water produced through a process called electrolysis. Kangen water is also referred to electrolyzed reduced water. This water is characterized by an large negative oxidation reduction potential and a potential hydrogen level > 7.0 making the water alkaline. It is also infused with molecular hydrogen in the amount of 1 - 1.5 parts per million per gallon of water produced. This infused hydrogen has been shown to be a very good anti-inflammatory for the body.,open_qa What is an adjective?,,"An adjective is a describing word for a noun or proper noun. A noun is a person, place, or thing, and a proper noun is the name of person. An adjective would be as describing word like beautiful, smart, or fun. Examples using these adjectives are the following: she is beautiful person, bounce house is fun place, or sally is a very smart person.",open_qa "I'm really good at maths but not great at science, which of the following educational courses would I be more likely to succeed with? algebra, biology, matrices, probability, statistics, geology, and chemistry.",,"Algebra, matrices, probability, statistics are all maths subjects so you would be more likely to succeed at those than the science subjects.",classification What are the important points about Lunar eclipse in the given text?,"A lunar eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the moon to be darkened. Such alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six months, during the full moon phase, when the Moon's orbital plane is closest to the plane of the Earth's orbit. This can occur only when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are exactly or very closely aligned (in syzygy) with Earth between the other two, which can happen only on the night of a full moon when the Moon is near either lunar node. The type and length of a lunar eclipse depend on the Moon's proximity to the lunar node","1. When the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the moon to be darkened an astronomical event occurs which is known as Lunar Eclipse. 2. When moon’s orbit is closet to the earth , during the full moon phase, lunar eclipse occurs. 3. Lunar eclipse can occur only when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are exactly aligned with Earth. 4. The type and length of a lunar eclipse depend on how close the moon is to the lunar node.",summarization What is the FDIC?,,"The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is a United States government corporation supplying deposit insurance to depositors in American commercial banks and savings banks. The FDIC was created by the Banking Act of 1933, enacted during the Great Depression to restore trust in the American banking system. More than one-third of banks failed in the years before the FDIC's creation, and bank runs were common. The insurance limit was initially US$2,500 per ownership category, and this was increased several times over the years. Since the enactment of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act in 2010, the FDIC insures deposits in member banks up to $250,000 per ownership category. FDIC insurance is backed by the full faith and credit of the government of the United States, and according to the FDIC, ""since its start in 1933 no depositor has ever lost a penny of FDIC-insured funds"".",open_qa Where is Hoober Stand located?,"Hoober Stand is a 30-metre-high (98 ft) tower and Grade II* listed building on a ridge in Wentworth, South Yorkshire in northern England. It was designed by Henry Flitcroft for the Whig aristocrat Thomas Watson-Wentworth, Earl of Malton (later the 1st Marquess of Rockingham) to commemorate the quashing of the 1745 Jacobite rebellion. It lies close to his country seat Wentworth Woodhouse. Its site is approximately 157 metres (515 ft) above sea level and from the top there are long-distance views on a clear day. Hoober Stand is one of several follies in and around Wentworth Woodhouse park; the others include Needle's Eye and Keppel's Column. Sidney Oldall Addy, the Sheffield author calls the structure Woburn Stand in his 1888 book, A glossary of words used in the neighbourhood of Sheffield.","Wentworth, South Yorkshire in northern England",closed_qa Who was the drummer for the band Rush?,,Neil Peart was the longest standing drummer for Rush,open_qa Give me a few different ways to reduce my household electricity bill.,,"There are many ways to reduce your electricity consumption. A few examples are adjusting your thermostat so your furnace and air conditioning unit run less frequently, turning off all lights in unoccupied rooms, and reducing the water temperature on your hot water tank.",brainstorming What is a GPU?,,"A GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) is a specialized processor designed for processing graphical data. It is commonly found in video games consoles, computer monitors, and other graphics-intensive applications. GPUs are able to perform more complex operations than CPUs (Central Processing Units) and are more efficient at rendering and manipulating graphics.",open_qa Given this paragraph about hockey what are different surfaces that hockey is played on?,"Hockey is a term used to denote a family of various types of both summer and winter team sports which originated on either an outdoor field, sheet of ice, or dry floor such as in a gymnasium. While these sports vary in specific rules, numbers of players, apparel and, notably, playing surface, they share broad characteristics of two opposing teams using a stick to propel a ball or disk into a goal.","Hockey can refer to Ice Hockey, Field Hockey, or Ball Hockey. Each are played on a different surface like a sheet of ice, a gymnasium floor, or an outdoor field.",closed_qa "Based on the reference text, what does the champion of the Masters Tournament receive?","The Masters Tournament The tournament has a number of traditions. Since 1949, a green jacket has been awarded to the champion, who must return it to the clubhouse one year after his victory, although it remains his personal property and is stored with other champions' jackets in a specially designated cloakroom. In most instances, only a first-time and currently reigning champion may remove his jacket from the club grounds. A golfer who wins the event multiple times uses the same green jacket awarded upon his initial win (unless they need to be re-fitted with a new jacket). The Champions Dinner, inaugurated by Ben Hogan in 1952, is held on the Tuesday before each tournament, and is open only to past champions and certain board members of the Augusta National Golf Club. Beginning in 1963, legendary golfers, usually past champions, have hit an honorary tee shot on the morning of the first round to commence play. These have included Fred McLeod, Jock Hutchinson, Gene Sarazen, Sam Snead, Byron Nelson, Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus, Gary Player, Lee Elder, and Tom Watson. Since 1960, a semi-social contest at the par-3 course has been played on Wednesday, the day before the first round.","The champion of the Masters Tournament receives a green jacket. However, it must be returned to the clubhouse the following year to be stored in a designated cloakroom.",closed_qa "Can you summarize for me in no more than three paragraphs the book, ""The Little Engine That Could"", by Watty Piper?","The Little Engine That Could is an American folktale (existing in the form of several illustrated children's books and films) that became widely known in the United States after publication in 1930 by Platt & Munk. The story is used to teach children the value of optimism and hard work. Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association listed the book as one of its ""Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children""","The Little Engine That Could is a children's book written in 1930 by Watty Piper. The main purpose of the book is to help bring out in children a positive, ""can-do attitude."" The key phrase in the book is, ""I think I can."" The main character is the ""Little Engine"". The Little Engine is an undersized locomotive that is called upon to pull rail cars full of good things for the boys and girls that live on the other side of the mountain. Several other locomotives, appearing newer, stronger or more mature than the Little Engine all make excuses for why they will not help take the train cars over the mountain. The Little Engine gladly takes on the task when called upon. When starting to pull the heavy rail cars, The Little Engine strains with all its might and begins to say, ""I think I can, I think I can, I think I can."" When climbing the mountain, it doesn't look like the Little Engine has the power to get over the peak. The Little Engine puffs, ""I think I can, I think I can, I think I can."" Finally The Little Engine reaches the top, comes over the crest and on the way down says, ""I though I could, I thought I could, I thought I could.""",summarization "Using given text as a reference, write some details about game Crashmo","Crashmo, known as Fallblox in Europe and Australia and as Hiku Otsu in Japan, is a puzzle video game developed by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS via the Nintendo eShop. The game is a sequel to Pushmo and was released in Japan on October 31, 2012, in the PAL regions on November 15, 2012, and in North America on November 22, 2012.","1. Crashmo is a puzzle video game created by Intelligent Systems and released by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS via the Nintendo eShop. It is also known as Fallblox in Europe, Australia, and Japan, and as Hiku Otsu in North America. 2. The Pushmo sequel was made available in North America on November 22, 2012, the PAL countries on November 15, and Japan on October 31, 2012.",summarization What are popular street foods from Maharashtra in India,,"Some of the most popular street food list is Vada Pav, Misal Pav, Kanda Bhaji, Pav Bhaji , Sabudana Vada and Sabudana Khichadi. All of these are primarily vegetarian.",open_qa What is fossil fighter gameplay like?,"Fossil Fighters is a role-playing video game series published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DS consoles. Its gameplay revolves around digging up and extracting dinosaur fossils, reviving them into supernatural ""vivosaurs"" and engaging in battle.","Fossil fighters is a third-person, single-player game on the Nintendo DS focused around finding, cleaning, and reviving dinosaur fossils on Vivosaur Island. Once dinosaurs (called vivosaurs in the game) are revived, they can be used to battle other fossil fighters. The goal of the game is to reach the highest fossil fighter license level, find better and better fossils, defeat the BB Bandits who are determined to cause trouble around the island, and uncover various mysteries surrounding the island.",summarization What are some common peer-to-peer money transfer apps in the United States?,,"Some of the most common peer-to-peer money transfer apps in the United States are Zelle, Venmo, CashApp, PayPal, and Apple/Google Pay (depending on the type of mobile device of the user).",brainstorming Who is the Greatest male Tennis player of all time?,,"Here are few things to consider to come up with the player. 1. Player who has won most grand slams 2. Player who spent most time as world #1 3. Player who has won grand slams on all three surfaces (Hard, Clay, Grass) 4. Player who has won most year end ATP finals and also Olympics 5. Head to head wins between players Based on this criteria, the greatest male tennis player of all time is Novak Djokovic. There are two other male players who are in contention: Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal. Novak and Nadal both have won 22 grand slams each. All three have a favorite surface (Grass for Roger, Clay for Nadal and Hard for Djokovic) but they won grand slams on all surfaces. Djokovic has the record of spending most time as world #1. He also has a better head-to-head record over Nadal and Federer. Djokovic and Roger share the record of winning most year end ATP Finals. Roger Federer kickstarted the golden age of Tennis and he is extremely popular for his skill, talent and grace with which he used to play. Roger won Wimbledon the highest number of times among all players. Nadal won French Open 14 times which is a record that potentially may never ever be broken. History will remember all three players for their contribution to Tennis and a lot of tennis fans are lucky to have been part of the Golden age of tennis.",open_qa Write an email to a butcher asking how much and what types of meats would be best for a BBQ for 20 people. And ask for a quote.,,"Hi , I need to organise a meat order for an upcoming BBQ for 20 people. Could you please suggest some cuts of meat and some quantities for that number of people. Could I also please get a quote for the total quantity. Kind regards, .",creative_writing What is a piano?,,A piano is a keyboard instrument that uses wooden hammers to strike a string which produces a sound. The hammers on a piano are coated with a soft material so they do not damage the string they hit when a keyboard key is pressed. You have to play this keyboard instrument with one or two hands in sync on a keyboard and then the keys hit in unified succession you get music or a string of sounds that is enjoyable to listen to.,open_qa What is a lab environment?,,"A lab environment is a place that has computers or servers used for testing different use cases or projects in development, test and production type scenarios. Lab environment may more relaxed security rules too if new technology is being tested for production use in a company to get a go / no-go answer faster. Lab environments save money because solutions and proof of concepts can usually be built out a lot of faster reducing the time to value to a technology or project decision.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about Pablo Escobar, how much money did he have when he died?","Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (/ˈɛskəbɑːr/; Spanish: [ˈpaβlo es.koˈβ̞aɾ]; 1 December 1949 – 2 December 1993) was a Colombian drug lord and narcoterrorist who was the founder and sole leader of the Medellín Cartel. Dubbed ""the king of cocaine"", Escobar was the wealthiest criminal in history, having amassed an estimated net worth of US$30 billion by the time of his death—equivalent to $70 billion as of 2022—while his drug cartel monopolized the cocaine trade into the United States in the 1980s and early 1990s.",Pablo Escobar had an estimated net worth of $30B when he died in 1993.,closed_qa Which of the Jurassic Park movies were based on novels?,"Jurassic Park, later also referred to as Jurassic World, is an American science fiction media franchise created by Michael Crichton and centered on a disastrous attempt to create a theme park of cloned dinosaurs. It began in 1990 when Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment bought the rights to Crichton's novel Jurassic Park before it was published. The book was successful, as was Steven Spielberg's 1993 film adaptation. The film received a theatrical 3D re-release in 2013, and was selected in 2018 for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"". A 1995 sequel novel, The Lost World, was followed by a film adaptation in 1997. Subsequent films in the series, including Jurassic Park III (2001), are not based on the novels. In 2015, a second trilogy of films began with the fourth film in the series, Jurassic World. The film was successful, becoming the first film to gross over $500 million worldwide in its opening weekend, and grossed over $1.6 billion through the course of its theatrical run, making it the third highest-grossing film at the time. It became the second highest-grossing film of 2015, and is currently the eighth highest-grossing film of all time. When adjusted for monetary inflation, Jurassic World is the second highest-grossing film in the franchise after Jurassic Park. A sequel, Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) grossed over $1.3 billion worldwide, making it the third Jurassic film to pass the billion-dollar mark. It is the third highest-grossing film of 2018, and currently the 18th highest-grossing film of all time. The final film in the trilogy, Jurassic World Dominion, was released in 2022. It grossed over $1 billion worldwide and became the third highest-grossing film of 2022. Jurassic World Dominion also became the fourth film in the franchise to pass the billion-dollar mark.",Jurassic Park and The Lost World are based on novels.,information_extraction "Which of the following ski resorts are located in Utah: Alta Ski Area, Brighton Ski Resort, Snowbird, Solitude Mountain Resort, Deer Valley Resort, Park City Mountain, Woodward Park City, Nordic Valley Resort, Powder Mountain, Snowbasin, Sundance Resort, Beaver Mountain Resort, Cherry Peak Resort, Brian Head Resort, Eagle Point Resort, Keystone, Copper Mountain, Vail Resort, Beaver Creek, Eldora",,"The following ski resorts are in Utah: Alta Ski Area, Brighton Ski Resort, Snowbird, Solitude Mountain Resort, Deer Valley Resort, Park City Mountain, Woodward Park City, Nordic Valley Resort, Powder Mountain, Snowbasin, Sundance Resort, Beaver Mountain Resort, Cherry Peak Resort, Brian Head Resort, Eagle Point Resort",classification What is Twitch Interactive?,"Twitch is an American video live streaming service that focuses on video game live streaming, including broadcasts of esports competitions, in addition to offering music broadcasts, creative content, and ""in real life"" streams. Twitch is operated by Twitch Interactive, a subsidiary of Amazon.com, Inc. It was introduced in June 2011 as a spin-off of the general-interest streaming platform Justin.tv. Content on the site can be viewed either live or via video on demand. The games shown on Twitch's current homepage are listed according to audience preference and include genres such as real-time strategy games (RTS), fighting games, racing games, and first-person shooters. The popularity of Twitch eclipsed that of its general-interest counterpart. In October 2013, the website had 45 million unique viewers, and by February 2014, it was considered the fourth-largest source of peak Internet traffic in the United States. At the same time, Justin.tv's parent company was re-branded as Twitch Interactive to represent the shift in focus – Justin.tv was shut down in August 2014. That month, the service was acquired by Amazon for US$970 million, which later led to the introduction of synergies with the company's subscription service Amazon Prime. Twitch acquired Curse LLC in 2016, an operator of online video gaming communities and introduced means to purchase games through links on streams along with a program allowing streamers to receive commissions on the sales of games that they play. By 2015, Twitch had more than 100 million viewers per month. In 2017, Twitch remained the leading live streaming video service for video games in the US, and had an advantage over YouTube Gaming, which shut down its standalone app in May 2019. As of February 2020, it had 3 million broadcasters monthly and 15 million daily active users, with 1.4 million average concurrent users. As of May 2018, Twitch had over 27,000 partner channels.",Twitch is a video live streaming service that gained popularity by focusing on video game live streaming broadcasts.,information_extraction What are the primary uses of horses according to the text?,"Horses and humans interact in a wide variety of sport competitions and non-competitive recreational pursuits as well as in working activities such as police work, agriculture, entertainment, and therapy. Horses were historically used in warfare, from which a wide variety of riding and driving techniques developed, using many different styles of equipment and methods of control. Many products are derived from horses, including meat, milk, hide, hair, bone, and pharmaceuticals extracted from the urine of pregnant mares. Humans provide domesticated horses with food, water, and shelter as well as attention from specialists such as veterinarians and farriers.","Horses can be used for recreational activities and therapy as well as working activities like police work or agriculture. Historically horses were also used in warfare. Horses can also provide products like meat, milk, hide, hair, bone or pharmaceuticals.",summarization Why are drill jigs less commonly used today than they were in the past?,"A drill jig is a type of jig that expedites repetitive hole center location on multiple interchangeable parts by acting as a template to guide the twist drill or other boring device into the precise location of each intended hole center. In metalworking practice, typically a hardened drill bushing lines each hole on the jig plate to keep the tool from damaging the jig. Drill jigs started falling into disuse with the invention of the jig borer. Since the widespread penetration of the manufacturing industry by CNC machine tools, in which servo controls are capable of moving the tool to the correct location automatically, the need for drill jigs (and for the jobs of the drill press operators who used them) is much less than it used to be.","Because of CNC machine tooling, which automate much of the drilling process",closed_qa Give me the TLDR on using llamas to guard my livestock.,"Using llamas as livestock guards in North America began in the early 1980s, and some sheep producers have used llamas successfully since then. Some would even use them to guard their smaller cousins, the alpaca. They are used most commonly in the western regions of the United States, where larger predators, such as coyotes and feral dogs, are prevalent. Typically, a single gelding (castrated male) is used. Research suggests the use of multiple guard llamas is not as effective as one. Multiple males tend to bond with one another, rather than with the livestock, and may ignore the flock. A gelded male of two years of age bonds closely with its new charges and is instinctively very effective in preventing predation. Some llamas appear to bond more quickly to sheep or goats if they are introduced just prior to lambing. Many sheep and goat producers indicate a special bond quickly develops between lambs and their guard llama and the llama is particularly protective of the lambs. Using llamas as guards has reduced the losses to predators for many producers. The value of the livestock saved each year more than exceeds the purchase cost and annual maintenance of a llama. Although not every llama is suited to the job, most are a viable, nonlethal alternative for reducing predation, requiring no training and little care.","TLDR: LLamas can be used as livestock guards. Typically a single castrated male is the best choice (multiple males will bond with each other instead of bonding with the livestock). Generally llamas are cost effective, require no training and little care.",summarization In what state is Yosemite located?,,Yosemite National Park is located in California.,open_qa Who was Alexander Greek Thomson,"Alexander ""Greek"" Thomson (9 April 1817 – 22 March 1875) was an eminent Scottish architect and architectural theorist who was a pioneer in sustainable building. Although his work was published in the architectural press of his day, it was little appreciated outside Glasgow during his lifetime. It has only been since the 1950s and 1960s that his critical reputation has revived—not least of all in connection with his probable influence on Frank Lloyd Wright. Henry-Russell Hitchcock wrote of Thomson in 1966: ""Glasgow in the last 150 years has had two of the greatest architects of the Western world. C. R. Mackintosh was not highly productive but his influence in central Europe was comparable to such American architects as Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright. An even greater and happily more productive architect, though one whose influence can only occasionally be traced in America in Milwaukee and in New York City and not at all as far as I know in Europe, was Alexander Thomson"".","Alexander Greek Thomson (9 April 1817 – 22 March 1875) was an eminent Scottish architect and architectural theorist who was a pioneer in sustainable building. Although his work was published in the architectural press of his day, it was little appreciated outside Glasgow during his lifetime. It has only been since the 1950s and 1960s that his critical reputation has revived—not least of all in connection with his probable influence on Frank Lloyd Wright. Henry-Russell Hitchcock wrote of Thomson in 1966: ""Glasgow in the last 150 years has had two of the greatest architects of the Western world. C. R. Mackintosh was not highly productive but his influence in central Europe was comparable to such American architects as Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright. An even greater and happily more productive architect, though one whose influence can only occasionally be traced in America in Milwaukee and in New York City and not at all as far as I know in Europe, was Alexander Thomson"".",summarization What kind of weather do people prefer?,,"This is dependant on the type of person you are? The characteristics of the person, the location of the person, and the mood of the person. In general people prefer the Sun and comfortable amount of heat. The sun provides vitamin D. However during periods such as the Christmas period, most prefer the snow as it compliments the season. Also after warm summers, the winter is welcomed and see as a time to slow down and relax at home in a cosy envirnment.",creative_writing What does this text say about the first season of Billions?,"On Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds an overall approval rating of 88%, with a rating of 77% for season 1, 89% for season 2, 93% for season 3, 97% for season 4, and 86% for season 5. The site's critical consensus for the first season reads: ""Despite a lack of likable characters, Billions' soapy melodrama and larger-than-life canvas offer plenty of repeat viewing potential."" For season 2 it reads: ""An influx of new characters and a fresh narrative twist give Billions an added boost during its thoroughly entertaining second season."" The site's critical consensus for the third season states: ""Anchored by the performances of Paul Giamatti and Damian Lewis, the third season of Billions continues a convincing fable of greed, power and competition."" On Rotten Tomatoes, the fourth season reads, ""With tables turned and alliances formed, Billions's fourth season goes full throttle with sharp dialogue, better rivalries, and bigger stakes."" On Metacritic, the show has an overall score of 72. The first season has a weighted average score of 69 out of 100, based on reviews from 37 critics, indicating ""generally favorable reviews"", while the second season has a score of 67 out of 100, based on reviews from 6 critics, also indicating ""generally favorable reviews"". Praise for the series has steadily grown over time—also on Metacritic, its third season scored a 77 out of 100, while its fourth holds a score of 87 out 100 based on reviews from 4 critics, indicating ""universal acclaim"". The show's coverage of the hedge fund industry has been widely recognized as realistic.","The show Billions received a Rotten Tomatoes approval rating of 77% for season 1. The site's critical consensus for the first season reads: ""Despite a lack of likable characters, Billions' soapy melodrama and larger-than-life canvas offer plenty of repeat viewing potential"". On Metacritic, the first season has a weighted average score of 69 out of 100, based on reviews from 37 critics, indicating ""generally favorable reviews"".",closed_qa How much nutritional value do dried fruits retain?,"Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators. Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating back to the fourth millennium BC in Mesopotamia, and is prized because of its sweet taste, nutritive value and long shelf life. Today, dried fruit consumption is widespread. Nearly half of the dried fruits sold are raisins, followed by dates, prunes, figs, apricots, peaches, apples, and pears. These are referred to as ""conventional"" or ""traditional"" dried fruits: fruits that have been dried in the sun or in heated wind tunnel dryers. Many fruits such as cranberries, blueberries, cherries, strawberries, and mango are infused with a sweetener (e.g. sucrose syrup) prior to drying. Some products sold as dried fruit, like papaya, kiwifruit and pineapple, are most often candied fruit. Dried fruits retain most of the nutritional value of fresh fruits. The specific nutrient content of the different dried fruits reflects their fresh counterpart and the processing method.",Dried fruits retain most of the nutritional value of fresh fruits. The specific nutrient content of the different dried fruits reflects their fresh counterpart and the processing method.,information_extraction "Given this paragraph about the JW Marriott building in Downtown Houston, what was the framing made of and how tall was it?","Samuel Fain Carter, the founder of Lumberman's Bank in Houston, commissioned the architecture firm of Sanguinet and Staats to design a sixteen-floor, steel-framed building on Main Street at the corner of Rusk Street in Houston. The Fort Worth-based Sanguinet and Staats had already been building skyscrapers in various cities in Texas, and was building a reputation for this type of structure.In 1909, the building had an estimated cost of $650,000. Carter planned to finance construction through issues of equity and debt, stipulating that he would restrict bonds to $400,000 in value. The Rice Institute agreed to purchase up to $200,000 in bonds.",The building used steel framing and was 16 floors.,closed_qa What are some Australian craft beer brands that I should try?,,"Australia has many craft breweries that produce a variety of ales and lagers. You could try Balter beer, Black Hops or Green Beacon",brainstorming How can I decide what bike I should get?,,"When it comes to bicycles for adults, there are different kinds available in the market. Select a bike based on how you'd like to use it. Bikes can be categorized as follows: 1. Road bikes - These bikes have super thin tires and are often used for biking on roads. These help you attain high speeds relatively quickly. 2. Mountain bikes - These bikes are made to sustain the rough terrain that you could come across while biking. The tires are much thicker made to protect you and give you the support you need. 3. Hybrid/Commuter bikes - These bikes fall into the middle of the above 2 categories. If you think you might do a bit of road biking and mountain biking, then this might be your best option. You can also go to a store that specializes in selling and repairing bikes to get more information.",open_qa What is Type 2 Diabetes?,"Type 2 diabetes, formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.","Type 2 diabetes, formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. Symptoms may also include increased hunger, feeling tired, and sores (wounds) that do not heal. Often symptoms come on slowly. Long-term complications from high blood sugar include heart disease, strokes, diabetic retinopathy which can result in blindness, kidney failure, and poor blood flow in the limbs which may lead to amputations. The sudden onset of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state may occur; however, ketoacidosis is uncommon.",summarization What is basketball?,,Basketball is a sport where two teams play against each other on a court with two hoops. One hoop is for each team. Each teams scores a point by putting a ball through the opponent's hoop. They play against each other in a rectangular style court and each team consists of 5 players each.,open_qa Does Alaska have any professional sports teams?,,"There are no professional sports teams in Alaska. There are some semi-professional and minor league organizations, such as Division I collegiate sports, junior hockey teams, and college summer baseball teams.",open_qa You are a product manager at an enterprise software company Y. Your CEO has asked you to write a report on how well the company supports X capabilities. Provide a template email to send to my CEO that includes a TLDR and a link to the report. Use “<” and “>” to denote placeholder text I need to customize.,,": Please see the following overview of Y’s support on X capabilities: TLDR * * * Let me know if you have any comments/questions. We aim to use this report to inform our product strategy. ",creative_writing The Coquerel's coua species was named after who?,"Coquerel's coua (Coua coquereli) is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It was named in 1867 by the French naturalist Alfred Grandidier in honor of the French navy surgeon and naturalist Charles Coquerel. Coquerel's coua is approximately 40 cm (16 in) in length and has a large blue patch of bare skin around the eye, a characteristic of the Coua genus that is similar to African turacos. The plumage is silky, the crown is black, the upper parts and tail are light brown or greyish-brown, and the lower breast and belly is suffused with red. The iris is red and the beak and legs are slaty grey. As a member of the cuckoo family, it has a reversible third toe and resembles the coucal in its method of scrambling through tangled bushes and lianas while searching for food. Observations indicate that it can climb about 10 m (30 ft) above the ground.",The Coquerel's coua species was named after the French navy surgeon and naturalist Charles Coquerel.,information_extraction What is it called when a river of water falls off a cliff and creates a shower?,,A waterfall,open_qa What is Summer House the TV show?,"Summer House follows a group of nine friends who share a summer house in the Hamptons town of Southampton, New York.","Summer House is a reality TV show on Bravo that follows a group of friends that leaves New York City every weekend during the summer to go to the Hamptons. In the Hamptons, they'll go out to dinners, nightclubs, throw parties while the production staff films them in these events. The casts changes every year except they have a few similar people Kyle Cooke, Lindsay Hubbard, Carl Radke, and Amanda Batula. There have been a couple of spinoffs including Winter House where they include other members of Bravo TV shows.",summarization As per the following passage what did William Gilbert do?,"Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the ""Thunderer of the Nile"", and described them as the ""protectors"" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by electric catfish and electric rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. Patients with ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them. Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing. Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. According to a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge of electroplating, based on the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though it is uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature. Electricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when the English scientist William Gilbert wrote De Magnete, in which he made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishing the lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber. He coined the New Latin word electricus (""of amber"" or ""like amber"",, elektron, the Greek word for ""amber"") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed. This association gave rise to the English words ""electric"" and ""electricity"", which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646. Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827. Electricity and magnetism (and light) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his ""On Physical Lines of Force"" in 1861 and 1862.  While the early 19th century had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering. Through such people as Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets, energising electrons. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for ""his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"". The photoelectric effect is also employed in photocells such as can be found in solar panels. The first solid-state device was the ""cat's-whisker detector"" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect. In a solid-state component, the current is confined to solid elements and compounds engineered specifically to switch and amplify it. Current flow can be understood in two forms: as negatively charged electrons, and as positively charged electron deficiencies called holes. These charges and holes are understood in terms of quantum physics. The building material is most often a crystalline semiconductor. Solid-state electronics came into its own with the emergence of transistor technology. The first working transistor, a germanium-based point-contact transistor, was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947, followed by the bipolar junction transistor in 1948.","Electricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when the English scientist William Gilbert wrote De Magnete, in which he made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishing the lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber. He coined the New Latin word electricus (""of amber"" or ""like amber"",, elektron, the Greek word for ""amber"") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed. This association gave rise to the English words ""electric"" and ""electricity"", which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646.",information_extraction What is Adderall?,,"Adderall is a brand name for a combination drug called mixed amphetamine salts. The mixture contains four salts of amphetamines including equal parts racemic amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, which produces a 3 to 1 ratio between dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine, the two enantiomers of amphetamine. Adderall increases activity in the central nervous system and stimulates the release of dopamine and other neurotransmitters, such as serotonin Adderall is generally considered effective in treating symptoms of ADHD and narcolepsy. At normal recommended doses, Adderall improves focus, increases energy levels and decreases fidgeting, impulsivity, restlessness and aggression.",open_qa "Given a reference text about Puerto Rico, tell me if it is a State, are its resident US citizens, and if they pay US taxes.","Puerto Rico (Spanish for 'rich port'; abbreviated PR; Taino: Boriken, Borinquen), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit. 'Free Associated State of Puerto Rico'), is a Caribbean island and unincorporated territory of the United States with official Commonwealth status. It is located in the northeast Caribbean Sea, approximately 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southeast of Miami, Florida, between the Dominican Republic and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and includes the eponymous main island and several smaller islands, such as Mona, Culebra, and Vieques. It has roughly 3.2 million residents, and its capital and most populous city is San Juan. Spanish and English are the official languages of the executive branch of government, though Spanish predominates. Puerto Rico was settled by a succession of indigenous peoples beginning 2,000 to 4,000 years ago; these included the Ortoiroid, Saladoid, and Taíno. It was then colonized by Spain following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1493. Puerto Rico was contested by other European powers, but remained a Spanish possession for the next four centuries. An influx of African slaves and settlers primarily from the Canary Islands and Andalusia vastly changed the cultural and demographic landscape of the island. Within the Spanish Empire, Puerto Rico played a secondary but strategic role compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and New Spain. By the late 19th century, a distinct Puerto Rican identity began to emerge, centered around a fusion of indigenous, African, and European elements. In 1898, following the Spanish–American War, Puerto Rico was acquired by the United States. Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens since 1917, and can move freely between the island and the mainland. However, as residents of an unincorporated territory, American citizens of Puerto Rico are disenfranchised at the national level, do not vote for the president or vice president, and generally do not pay federal income tax.[Note 1] In common with four other territories, Puerto Rico sends a nonvoting representative to the U.S. Congress, called a Resident Commissioner, and participates in presidential primaries; as it is not a state, Puerto Rico does not have a vote in Congress, which governs it under the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950. Congress approved a local constitution in 1952, allowing U.S. citizens residing on the island to elect a governor. Puerto Rico's current and future political status has consistently been a matter of significant debate.","No, Puerto Rico is not a US state. Rather, it is a US territory. Puerto Rican citizens have automatic US citizenship. Due to this, residents of Puerto Rico and the United States can travel freely between the two, without passports. Puerto Rican residents do not pay federal income tax nor do they vote for the US president.",closed_qa Write a brief paragraph of the benefits of attending Arizona State University,,"Arizona State University is located in Tempe, Arizona and offers over 350 degree options across 17 colleges. ASU has a sprawling campus giving students many housing options. The climate in Arizona is desert and receives over 300 days of sunshine. Arizona State is PAC-12 School supporting both mens and woman's athletics. Wheather it's athletics, academics or social clubs Arizona State has you covered. With over 38,000 students on campus, ASU also offers online courses to over 90,000 students. In 2021 US News and World reports ranked ASU 103rd among universities in the United States.",creative_writing "Which of the following people were Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom? Margaret Thatcher, Winston Churchill, Queen Elizabeth II, Benjamin Disraeli, Thomas Cromwell",,"Margaret Thatcher, Winston Churchill, and Benjamin Disraeli were Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom.",classification What is the plot of Mob Psycho 100?,"Shigeo Kageyama is an average middle school-aged boy, nicknamed Mob. Although he looks like an inconspicuous person, he is in fact a powerful esper with immense psychic power. To keep from losing control of this power, he constantly lives a life under an emotional shackle. In order to help learn how to control his abilities, Mob works as an assistant to con-man Arataka Reigen, a self-proclaimed spirit medium. Mob wants to live a normal life just like those around him, but a barrage of trouble keeps coming after him. With his suppressed emotions growing inside Mob little by little, his power threatens to break through its limits as he eventually encounters other espers like the Claws.","Mob Psycho 100 is a manga and anime about a boy named Shigeo Kageyama, nicknamed Mob. He looks like a normal boy but has powerful psychic abilities that he struggles to control. He tries to live an emotionless life to avoid triggering his power and learn from who he believes is a Psychic master, but is actually a con-man named Arataka Reigen. Mob's desire to live a normal life keeps getting interrupted by trouble and enemies who come after him, which increases his suppressed emotions bit by bit. When the internal counter reaches 100, he explodes in a powerful emotion.",summarization Who is the Avatar? And what was he trying to accomplish?,"Avatar: The Last Airbender (abbreviated as ATLA), also known as Avatar: The Legend of Aang in some regions or simply Avatar, is an American animated fantasy action television series created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko and produced by Nickelodeon Animation Studio. Avatar is set in an Asiatic-inspired world in which some people can telekinetically manipulate one of the four elements—water, earth, fire or air—through practices known as ""bending"", inspired by Chinese martial arts. The only individual who can bend all four elements, the ""Avatar"", is responsible for maintaining harmony among the world's four nations, and serves as the link between the physical world and the spirit world. The series is centered around the journey of twelve-year-old Aang, the current Avatar and last survivor of his nation, the Air Nomads, along with his friends Katara, Sokka, and Toph, as they strive to end the Fire Nation's war against the other nations and defeat Fire Lord Ozai before he conquers the world. It also follows the story of Zuko—the exiled prince of the Fire Nation, seeking to restore his lost honor by capturing Aang, accompanied by his uncle Iroh—and later, his sister Azula. Avatar is presented in a style that combines anime with American cartoons and relies on the imagery of primarily Chinese culture, with some other East Asian, Southeast Asian, South Asian, New World, Siberian, and Arctic influences.","In the show Avatar: The Last Airbender, Aang was the current Avatar and the last survivor of his nation, the Air Nomads. He and his friends Katara, Sokka, and Toph, strived to end the Fire Nation's war against the other nations and defeat Fire Lord Ozai before he conquered the world.",closed_qa Please list the harm that air pollution caused based on the given passage.,"Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. It is also the contamination of indoor or outdoor surrounding either by chemical activities, physical or biological agents that alters the natural features of the atmosphere. There are many different types of air pollutants, such as gases (including ammonia, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxides, methane, carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons), particulates (both organic and inorganic), and biological molecules. Air pollution can cause diseases, allergies, and even death to humans; it can also cause harm to other living organisms such as animals and food crops, and may damage the natural environment (for example, climate change, ozone depletion or habitat degradation) or built environment (for example, acid rain). Air pollution can be caused by both human activities and natural phenomena.","1. Air pollution is caused by the presence of harmful substances in the air, it can cause damage to human health, living beings and climate. 2. Air pollution can cause diseases, allergies and even death to human, it can also harm animals, food corp and the nature. 3. Air pollution can harm the natural environment by climate change, ozone depletion, habitat degradation ,acid rain.",summarization Who has scored the most runs in ODI cricket?,,The Indian Cricketer Sachin Tendulkar has the record for the most runs scored in ODIs with a total of 18426 runs. He retired from ODIs in 2012.,open_qa What is comparative genomics?,,"The core of comparative genome analysis is the establishment of the correspondence between genes (orthology analysis) or other genomic features in different organisms. It is these intergenomic maps that make it possible to trace the evolutionary processes responsible for the divergence of two genomes. A multitude of evolutionary events acting at various organizational levels shape genome evolution. At the lowest level, point mutations affect individual nucleotides. At a higher level, large chromosomal segments undergo duplication, lateral transfer, inversion, transposition, deletion and insertion. Ultimately, whole genomes are involved in processes of hybridization, polyploidization and endosymbiosis, often leading to rapid speciation. The complexity of genome evolution poses many exciting challenges to developers of mathematical models and algorithms, who have recourse to a spectrum of algorithmic, statistical and mathematical techniques, ranging from exact, heuristics, fixed parameter and approximation algorithms for problems based on parsimony models to Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for Bayesian analysis of problems based on probabilistic models. Many of these studies are based on the detection of sequence homology to assign sequences to protein families.",open_qa Give me a list of things I can do to sleep better at night,,"Here are some things you can do to sleep better at night: - Don't look at screens within an hour of going to bed - Keep the room your sleeping in as dark as possible - Don't drink many fluids within a few hours before bed time - Don't drink coffee within 8 hours of going to bed - Take melatonin or other substances to help you sleep",brainstorming "Given this paragraph about the rock band The Basics, what is notable about the Get Back album?","Get Back is the first studio album by Australian rock and roll band The Basics. Released on 21 March 2003, the album consists of material composed by members Wally de Backer and Kris Schroeder. The album features De Backer, Schroeder, and original lead guitarist Michael Hubbard.",Get Back was their first studio album.,closed_qa What was Nicola Yoon's first published novel?,,"Everything, Everything, which was released in September 2015.",open_qa What was The Last Dance about?,,"The Netflix sports documentary The Last Dance follows the Chicago Bulls as they contest the 1997-1998 NBA season, primarily focusing on the fact this was the last season Michael Jordan played with the team. This documentary made use of documentary footage filmed throughout the season but also tells the life story of Michael Jordan, with a heavy focus on his basketball career. Michael Jordan is widely considered one of the greatest basketball players to have ever lived and as a result the documentary was considered a critical and commercial success for Netflix.",open_qa What was gangsters George Nelsons nickname,,Baby Face,open_qa Give me a list of some American states which border Mexico,,"California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas all border Mexico",brainstorming What are a couple of ways to increase profitability?,,"Since profitability can be computed as revenue less expenses for a period, there are several ways to increase profitability. To increase revenue, you could sell more units or increase the price. To lower expenses, you could reduce the cost to produce your good or service or reduce SG&A costs",brainstorming Was Jens Stub Swedish?,Jens Stub (3 March 1764 – 24 October 1819) was a Norwegian priest and politician. He was vicar on the island of Veøya and served as a representative at the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly at Eidsvoll in 1814.,"No, he was Norwegian.",closed_qa "From the passage provided, extract the shape of Milky way Galaxy","The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy with a D25 isophotal diameter estimated at 26.8 ± 1.1 kiloparsecs (87,400 ± 3,590 light-years), but only about 1,000 light years thick at the spiral arms (more at the bulge). Recent simulations suggest that a dark matter area, also containing some visible stars, may extend up to a diameter of almost 2 million light-years (613 kpc). The Milky Way has several satellite galaxies and is part of the Local Group of galaxies, which form part of the Virgo Supercluster, which is itself a component of the Laniakea Supercluster.",The shape of Milky way galaxy is barred spiral.,information_extraction What is a hardwired smoke detector?,,"A smoke detector is an alarm that is triggered by the presence of smoke. Hardwired smoke detectors are connected into the structures electrical wiring, as opposed to battery-operated smoke detectors.",open_qa Can you give me some background on Perez v. Campbell,"Perez v. Campbell, 402 U.S. 637 (1971), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that Arizona's law suspending a driver's license was unconstitutional due to its conflict with the federal Bankruptcy Act under the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution. Background The plaintiffs, Mr. Adolfo and Mrs. Emma Perez, were licensed uninsured motorists in the state of Arizona. Insurance was not required under Arizona law. Mr. Perez was involved in a traffic accident and, unable to pay the associated costs, soon filed for bankruptcy. Arizona, under its financial responsibility laws, withdrew the Perez' licenses, and the couple filed suit in district court, where their claim was denied. The Perez family's appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit was denied, and they subsequently appealed to the United States Supreme Court, which granted certiorari.","Perez v. Campbell, 402 U.S. 637 (1971), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that Arizona's law suspending a driver's license was unconstitutional due to its conflict with the federal Bankruptcy Act under the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution. The plaintiffs, Mr. Adolfo and Mrs. Emma Perez, were licensed uninsured motorists in the state of Arizona. Insurance was not required under Arizona law. Mr. Perez was involved in a traffic accident and, unable to pay the associated costs, soon filed for bankruptcy. Arizona, under its financial responsibility laws, withdrew the Perez' licenses, and the couple filed suit in district court, where their claim was denied. The Perez family's appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit was denied, and they subsequently appealed to the United States Supreme Court, which granted certiorari.",summarization How would you book the cheapest rental car in a foreign country?,,"To book the cheapest and best rental car you could start using popular aggregator websites such as Kayak and Expedia to find the best prices from large domestic car rental companies with foreign operations. Next, you can make a search for local car rental companies in the area you are travelling to, and make calls or visit their website. This may require you to speak a local language. Finally, you can utilize alternative car rental companies such as Turo if they are available in the region you are travelling to.",open_qa During which year Emperor Shapur II learned to play polo?,"The game's English name derives from the Balti language, from its word for 'ball', polo. It is cognate with the Standard Tibetan pulu, also meaning 'ball'. Although the exact origins of the game are not certain, many scholars suggest it most likely began as a simple game played by Iranic and Turkic equestrian nomads in Central Asia. An archaic variation of polo, regionally referred to as buzkashi or kokpar, is still played in parts of Central Asia. It was developed and formalised in Ancient Iran (Persia) as ""chovgan"" (čowgān), becoming a national sport played extensively by the nobility. Women played as well as men. During the period of the Parthian Empire (247 BC to 224 AD), the sport had great patronage under the kings and noblemen. According to The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity, the Persian ball game was an important pastime in the court of the Sasanian Empire (224–651). It was also part of the royal education for the Sasanian ruling class. Emperor Shapur II learnt to play polo at age seven in 316 AD.",316 AD,closed_qa What are some common characteristics of Maine Coon cats?,,"Maine Coon cats are a large breed that tends to have long-haired cats and exceptionally fluffy tails. They have distinct facial characteristics, including larger head, more pronounced chins, and tufted ear tips. They are also perceived to be loyal and more intelligent than average cats.",open_qa What are some approaches to prevent abuse of LLMs?,,"Here are some approaches to prevent abuse of LLMs: 1. Prevent users from submitting prompts that contain abusive phrases (a simple keyword ban could work for this). 2. Similar to the first point, prevent the LLM from returning responses that contain abusive phrases based on a simple keyword ban. 3. Provide users the option to upvote/downvote and flag responses from the LLM to collect feedback. An additional classification model could be trained on the responses that were flagged as inappropriate and then used to identify and filter out problematic responses from the LLM in the future before the user sees them.",brainstorming What is the third limb of yoga?,"sanas originated in India. In his Yoga Sutras, Patanjali (c. 2nd to 4th century CE) describes asana practice as the third of the eight limbs (Sanskrit: अष्टाङ्ग, aṣṭāṅga, from अष्ट् aṣṭ, eight, and अङ्ग aṅga, limb) of classical, or raja yoga.","The third limb of yoga is know as Asana. This refers to the physical practice of yoga, or the yoga postures. By putting the body into difficult positions you achieve several key benefits. The first is you are helping your body heal pain. If you want to meditate and work on healing your mind, you need to first heal your body. Otherwise your easily distracted mind will focus on pain in your body versus the pain in your mind. Secondly, commitment to the Asana will teach you the discipline your mind needs to heal. When going into uncomfortable situations, bad patterns in the mind often arise. Stepping into discomfort actually becomes an opportunity to study the mind and change patterns of response.",summarization What does the distribution of isobars indicate?,"An isobar is a line of equal or constant pressure on a graph, plot, or map; an isopleth or contour line of pressure. More accurately, isobars are lines drawn on a map joining places of equal average atmospheric pressure reduced to sea level for a specified period of time. In meteorology, the barometric pressures shown are reduced to sea level, not the surface pressures at the map locations. The distribution of isobars is closely related to the magnitude and direction of the wind field, and can be used to predict future weather patterns. Isobars are commonly used in television weather reporting.","The distribution of isobars is closely related to the magnitude and direction of the wind field, and can be used to predict future weather patterns.",summarization "Where is Tesla, Inc. headquarters?","Tesla, Inc. is an American multinational automotive and clean energy company headquartered in Austin, Texas. Tesla designs and manufactures electric vehicles (electric cars and trucks), battery energy storage from home to grid-scale, solar panels and solar roof tiles, and related products and services. Tesla is one of the world's most valuable companies and is, as of 2023, the world's most valuable automaker. In 2021, the company had the most worldwide sales of battery electric vehicles and plug-in electric vehicles, capturing 21% of the battery-electric (purely electric) market and 14% of the plug-in market (which includes plug-in hybrids). Through its subsidiary Tesla Energy, the company develops and is a major installer of photovoltaic systems in the United States. Tesla Energy is also one of the largest global suppliers of battery energy storage systems, with 3.99 gigawatt-hours (GWh) installed in 2021.","Austin, Texas",closed_qa Tell me the history of Singapore,,"Singapore was founded on 6 February 1819 by Sir Stamford Raffles. Singapore started out as a British colony, where a free trading port was established for ships passing through the Malacca Straits. Singapore continued to thrive and became an important port globally which attracted many Chinese, Malay, Indian and Arab traders to operate in Singapore. Singapore continued to prosper for many years until World War II. On 15 February 1942, the British surrendered to Japan and Singapore was renamed to Syonan-to. During the Japanese occupation, over 2500 lives were executed and many suffered hardships. Post World War II, Singapore operated as a self-government led by Lee Kuan Yew, reducing its reliance on the British. During 1963 to 1965, Singapore had a merger with neighbouring country Malayisa. However, the merger brought about many disagreement, tensions and unrest. Eventually, Singapore separated from Malaysia and became a fully independent country on 9 August 1965.",open_qa Is it better to invest in the stock market or to keep money in a savings account?,,"There are key differences between investing in the stock market versus keeping money in a savings account. Savings accounts can be FDIC insured up to $250k (although there are services that can increase this limit such as Wealthfront) and thus are extremely safe places to store money, but these accounts generally have very low interest rates and thus the money will not grow quickly (or at all, compared to inflation). Generally it is recommended to keep an emergency fund available in savings accounts as they may need to be quickly accessible. The stock market works differently - you are purchasing shares of a company, and ideally that company grows over time, thus increasing the value of the underlying stocks. People generally invest in the stock market in order to grow their money over time, although it is recommended to measure the success or failure of investments over a long time period (greater than 10 years). The broader US stock market has historically grown nearly 10%/year on average, although many years significantly deviate from that growth rate.",open_qa Where was Samuel Loew born?,"Samuel ben Nathan Ha-Levi Loew (Kelin or Kolin) (also ""Lōw"" or ""Löw"", Hebrew: שמואל בן נתן נטע הלוי קעלין; c. 1720–1806) was a Talmudist and Halakhist, best known for his work Machatzit HaShekel (Ashkenazi pronunciation, Machatzis HaShekel). The son of Nathan Naṭe ha-Levi, he was born at Kolín, Bohemia. For nearly 60 years he headed over a yeshiva at Boskovice (Boskowitz), Moravia, where he died on May 20, 1806. He had the title Av Beis Din of Boskowitz. Samuel had 3 sons and 3 daughters: Benjamin Ze'ev Ha-Levi (Wolf) Boskowitz (1746-1818), Jacob (c 1750-1833), Jehuda (c 1751-1800), Sara (Hinda) married Markus (Mordechai Lob) Wassertrilling of Boskovice, Esther married Bernhard Biach. His son Wolf Boskowitz delivered the sermon at his funeral. His descendant in the 5th generation, Dr. Max Anton Löw, a convert to Roman Catholicism, was the attorney of the anti-Semite Francis Deckert.[3","Samuel Loew was born at Kolin, Bohemia.",summarization What is Wimbledon?,"The Wimbledon Championships, commonly known simply as Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world and is widely regarded as the most prestigious. It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London, since 1877 and is played on outdoor grass courts, with retractable roofs over the two main courts since 2019.","The Wimbledon Championships is the oldest tennis tournament in the world. Commonly referred to as Wimbledon, it is one of the four Gran Slam tennis tournaments, alongside the Australian Open, the French Open, and the US Open.",closed_qa What can be done to resolve issues with climate change,,"Climate change is dangerous as it alters the climate very rapidly leading to shift in seasons and damaging the habitats of wild life for example. Some ways to control it could be: 1. Reduce air pollution - move towards electric vehicles. Also move towards renewable source of energy so that increased demand can be met. 2. Control ozone depletion - Ban use of chemicals that encourage ozone hole depletion as this leads to melting of polar ice caps. 3. Plant more trees - They help in regulating the environment.",brainstorming "Write an friendly, convincing e-mail to my landlord asking whether I can get a dog.",,"I am writing to you today to request permission to get a dog into the unit. As current, responsible tenants, we'd like to make every effort to assure you we will not be bothered. We would like to set up a time to discuss the conditions you have to qualify us as pet owners. At that time, we are happy to discuss any financial requirements you may have in order for us to keep a dog. We promise to provide appropriate levels of exercise, attention and care for our dog. We will continue to keep a clean apartment, take into consideration our dog's interaction with neighbors and ensure our pet is properly cared for whenever we're unable to take care of it ourselves.",creative_writing Who is Leslie Hubert Holden?,"Leslie Hubert Holden, MC, AFC (6 March 1895 – 18 September 1932) was an Australian fighter ace of World War I and later a commercial aviator. A South Australian, he joined the Light Horse in May 1915, serving in Egypt and France. In December 1916, he volunteered for the Australian Flying Corps and qualified as a pilot. As a member of No. 2 Squadron on the Western Front, he gained the sobriquets ""Lucky Les"" and ""the homing pigeon"" after a series of incidents that saw him limping back to base in bullet-riddled aircraft. He was awarded the Military Cross, and went on to achieve five aerial victories flying Airco DH.5s and Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5s.",Leslie Hubert Holden was an Australian fighter ace who served in Egypt and France during World War I.,summarization Can you share a response of politely informing the customer that we dont support a feature,,"Yes, we understand that we don't support that feature and apologize for the inconvenience. We will take your feedback into consideration and look into alternative options.",brainstorming Give me a few key facts from the paragraph below,"The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, /ˈneɪtoʊ/; French: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 31 member states – 29 European and two North American. Established in the aftermath of World War II, the organization implemented the North Atlantic Treaty, signed in Washington, D.C., on 4 April 1949. NATO is a collective security system: its independent member states agree to defend each other against attacks by third parties. During the Cold War, NATO operated as a check on the perceived threat posed by the Soviet Union. The alliance remained in place after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and has been involved in military operations in the Balkans, the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa. The organization's motto is animus in consulendo liber (Latin for ""a mind unfettered in deliberation"").","The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established on April 4, 1949. As a military alliance, it serves as a unified defense organization for its member countries. For example, it served as a check against Russia during the Cold War. NATO has 31 member countries today.",summarization "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Cello, Danso",,"Cello is string, Danso is woodwind.",classification Where is Hawaii?,"Hawaii (/həˈwaɪi/ (listen) hə-WY-ee; Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi [həˈvɐjʔi] or [həˈwɐjʔi]) is a state in the Western United States, about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from the U.S. mainland in the Pacific Ocean. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state in the tropics.","Hawaii is located in the Pacific Ocean, about two thousand miles from the west coast of North America",summarization Extract the reasons the Atcama Desert is one of the driest places on earth and list them in bullet format.,"One of the driest places on Earth is the Atacama Desert. It is virtually devoid of life because it is blocked from receiving precipitation by the Andes mountains to the east and the Chilean Coast Range to the west. The cold Humboldt Current and the anticyclone of the Pacific are essential to keep the dry climate of the Atacama. The average precipitation in the Chilean region of Antofagasta is just 1 mm (0.039 in) per year. Some weather stations in the Atacama have never received rain. Evidence suggests that the Atacama may not have had any significant rainfall from 1570 to 1971. It is so arid that mountains that reach as high as 6,885 m (22,589 ft) are completely free of glaciers and, in the southern part from 25°S to 27°S, may have been glacier-free throughout the Quaternary, though permafrost extends down to an altitude of 4,400 m (14,400 ft) and is continuous above 5,600 m (18,400 ft). Nevertheless, there is some plant life in the Atacama, in the form of specialist plants that obtain moisture from dew and the fogs that blow in from the Pacific.","-blocked from receiving precipitation by the Andes mountains to the east and the Chilean Coast Range to the west -cold Humboldt Current and the anticyclone of the Pacific",information_extraction What is audit in finance?,,"An audit is an independent examination of an organization's records and financial statements (report and accounts) to make sure that: - the financial statements show a fair reflection of the financial position at the accounting date; - the income and spending is shown accurately; - the financial statements meet any legal conditions; and - the financial statements are drawn up clearly.",open_qa "Given a reference text about Our Common Future, what was the purpose of the report?","Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report, was published on October 1987 by the United Nations through the Oxford University Press. This publication was in recognition of Gro Harlem Brundtland's, former Norwegian Prime Minister, role as Chair of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). Its targets were multilateralism and interdependence of nations in the search for a sustainable development path. The report sought to recapture the spirit of the Stockholm Conference which had introduced environmental concerns to the formal political development sphere. Our Common Future placed environmental issues firmly on the political agenda; it aimed to discuss the environment and development as one single issue. The document was the culmination of a ""900-day"" international exercise which catalogued, analysed, and synthesised written submissions and expert testimony from ""senior government representatives, scientists and experts, research institutes, industrialists, representatives of non-governmental organizations, and the general public"" held at public hearings throughout the world. The report defined 'sustainable development' as ""Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs"".",The purpose of the Our Common Future report was to focus on environmental issues on the political agenda and to discuss sustainable development.,closed_qa Please provide some resources that will help me think through the process of creating an online course.,,"First, determine what type of course you want to teach. A common technique that you might use to identify a suitable course is: Find a topic you are knowledgeable about, find a topic that you are passionate about, and find a topic that others are interested in and willing to pay for. If you have a topic that overlaps all three areas, then you have a good topic for a course. Once you have a topic identified, there are numerous resources you can consult. Course-hosting platforms like Thinkific, Kajabi, and Podia have helpful information about creating an online course. Other ways to learn are podcasts like My First Million, Creator Science, and the Online Course Show.",open_qa "Given this short summary of Giovan Battista Cavagna, how long did it take to build the second Monte di Pieta?","In Naples, he worked in 1572–1577 at the church of San Gregorio Armeno together with Giovanni Vincenzo della Monica. He helped design the Bank in Naples, called the second Monte di Pietà, started in 1539 with goal, according to Sasso, of liberating citizens from the supposed usury of the Jews. By 1597, the building was completed and unified all the banks in the city. In this project, he was aided by Giovanni Giacomo Di Conforto and Giovanni Cola di Franco.","It took 58 years. Started in 1539, completed in 1597.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph about Aronia, what is another name for the plant and where were they first cultivated?","Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs, the chokeberries, in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps.The genus Aronia is considered to have 3 species.The most common and widely used is Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry) which emerged from Eastern North America. The lesser known Aronia arbutifolia (red chokeberry) and the hybrid form of the abovementioned species called Aronia prunifolia (purple chokeberry) were first cultivated in Central and Eastern North America. In the eighteenth century, the first shrubs of the best-known species Aronia melanocarpa reached Europe where they were first cultivated in Scandinavia and Russia.",Aronia is also known as chokeberries and they were first cultivated in Scandinavia and Russia.,closed_qa What is american football?,,"American football is a an American sports. Other countries use the term ""football"" to refer to soccer. American football is a team sport and two opposing teams play against each other. The objective of the game is to get a football to the end zone of the opponent. If you can accomplish this you score a touchdown. The ball moves down the field when players catch the ball, and run it opposite of their own end zone. After they score they will get the opportunity to kick a field goal as well.",open_qa Can you tell me something about Stanley J. Goldberg,"Stanley J. Goldberg (born Maryland, 1939) is a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court. Goldberg attended public schools in Baltimore, MD. He earned a B.S. from the University of Maryland, School of Business and Public Administration in 1960 and an LL.B. from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1964. He did graduate work in Federal Income Taxation at New York University. Goldberg was admitted to practice in Maryland and New Jersey, 1964 and 1967, and Federal District Court. He began his career as a Tax Attorney in January 1965 with the United States Department of Treasury, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, in New York City and was initially assigned to the General Litigation function. In 1967, he was reassigned to the Tax Litigation function. In 1976, he was promoted to Special Trial Attorney, and then to Assistant District Counsel in 1984. He was appointed a Special Trial Judge of the United States Tax Court on August 4, 1985. In 1992, Goldberg commented on the trend of tax protester arguments being brought before the Tax Court and dismissed with penalties.","Stanley J. Goldberg (born Maryland, 1939) is a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court. Goldberg attended public schools in Baltimore, MD. He earned a B.S. from the University of Maryland, School of Business and Public Administration in 1960 and an LL.B. from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1964. He did graduate work in Federal Income Taxation at New York University. Goldberg was admitted to practice in Maryland and New Jersey, 1964 and 1967, and Federal District Court. He began his career as a Tax Attorney in January 1965 with the United States Department of Treasury, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, in New York City and was initially assigned to the General Litigation function. In 1967, he was reassigned to the Tax Litigation function. In 1976, he was promoted to Special Trial Attorney, and then to Assistant District Counsel in 1984. He was appointed a Special Trial Judge of the United States Tax Court on August 4, 1985. In 1992, Goldberg commented on the trend of tax protester arguments being brought before the Tax Court and dismissed with penalties.",closed_qa What is an AVA when it comes to wine?,,"AVA stands for American Viticultural Area, which is a designation for legally defined and protected areas (known as appellations) for wine vineyards. This tells a consumer where the grapes that were used in the wine were grown.",open_qa What is a trumpet?,,A trumpet is horned instrument that is made out of brass. It is used in classical music and it is also very prevalent in jazz. You have trumpets like the piccolo that have a very high sound and a bass trumpet which has a very low sound. Trumpets can be played in a solo or in a group with other instruments.,open_qa What are Riot Games' most popular games?,,"League of Legends, Valorant, Teamfight Tactics",open_qa Given this paragraph how much do Beavers weigh?,"Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two existing species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras, weighing up to 30 kilograms (66 lb). Beavers have stout bodies with large heads, long chisel-like incisors, brown or gray fur, hand-like front feet, webbed back feet, and tails that are flat and scaly. The two species differ in skull and tail shape and fur color. Beavers can be found in a number of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. They are herbivorous, consuming tree bark, aquatic plants, grasses and sedges.",Up to 30 kilograms or 66 pounds,closed_qa What is absolute address in memory?,,An absolute (machine) address specifying a physical location in memory,open_qa What is Jon Snow's true name?,,Aegon Targaryen,open_qa Write a brief passage arguing for mandating Electric Vehicles (EVs) over gas combustion vehicles in the United States.,,"Electric Vehicles (EVs) provide several key benefits to the United States over Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. Firstly, EVs are powered strictly by electricity, which can be produced by renewable methods such as solar or wind power. Secondly, EVs produce significantly less greenhouse gases than ICEs, which will help reduce our carbon footprint and help improve the effects of climate change. Thirdly, EVs are safer and require less maintenance than ICEs, as there is no engine and less moving parts, and there is not a flammable fuel in the vehicle.",creative_writing "Which items on this list are scientific instruments and which are musical instruments: guitar, microscope, drums, petri dish, piano, trumpet, and bunsen burner.",,"The scientific instruments on this list include the microscope, petri dish and bunsen burner, and the musical instruments are the guitar, drums, piano, and trumpet.",classification Why are so many US Hollywood films made in the state of Georgia?,,"While film in the United States as an audience artform started in New York it moved to Los Angeles for the stated reason of longer and sunnier days. Another part of the story was a patent dispute in 1898 between Thomas Edison and his patent for the Kinetograph. Edison stated that he effectively had a say in how films were made and wanted royalties for their use. Moving from New York near where Edison was based to Los Angeles was a simple way to grow the industry and distance themselves from a patent war. This mobility at the start of the modern film era due to costs continued through the 1960's and 1970's with westerns being shot in Spain. The 1980's and 1990's continued this trend primarily shooting in Canada or Mexico. At the turn of the century state legislators in the United States started provided steep tax rebates. The practical outworking of this is studios are encouraged to hire local talent and use local services when producing their film. The ratios for these rebates is fairly complicated and have created a new industry of tax professionals serving the film industry. So then why Georgia? Georgia currently provides one of the highest incentive structures at 20% with minimal restrictions on talent and a very low minimum budget of $500,000.",open_qa What are some ways to inculcate practice based learning in kids?,,"Learning by doing is one of the best ways a kid can learn a concept. One way to do this is by using STEM based home kits that complement what a kid learns at school. For every concept the kid learns at school they should be exposed to application of the concept in the real world. Additionally, modern technology like virtual reality and augmented reality can fill the gap to an extent. Using Virtual Reality kids can see and visit places such as factories, landmarks which are hard to visit. Using Augmented Reality kids can see things right in from of them and can interact deeply with the 3D object closely. the learning curriculum must be comprehensive and emphasize experiential learning.",brainstorming Is there any benefit to pain?,"Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as ""an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage."" Pain motivates us to withdraw from damaging situations, to protect a damaged body part while it heals, and to avoid similar experiences in the future. Most pain resolves once the noxious stimulus is removed and the body has healed, but it may persist despite removal of the stimulus and apparent healing of the body. Sometimes pain arises in the absence of any detectable stimulus, damage or disease.",Pain helps us withdraw from further severe damage to body,closed_qa What is IFSC?,,"The Indian Financial System Code (IFS Code or IFSC) is an alphanumeric code that facilitates electronic funds transfer in India. A code uniquely identifies each bank branch participating in the three main Payment and settlement systems in India: the National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT), Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) and Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) systems. The IFSC is an 11-character code with the first four alphabetic characters representing the bank name, and the last six characters (usually numeric, but can be alphabetic) representing the branch. The fifth character is 0 (zero) and reserved for future use. Bank IFS Code is used by the NEFT & RTGS systems to route the messages to the destination banks/branches.",open_qa Who is Michael Jordan?,,"Michael Jordan (not to be confused with Michael B Jordan, the actor), is widely considered the best basketball player of all time. He played college basketball at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and then was drafted by the Chicago Bulls of the NBA. In the 1990s, Jordan’s Bulls teams won six championships, interrupted by his temporary retirement, during which he played professional baseball. After retiring from basketball, Jordan became a co-owner of the Charlotte Bobcats. Early in his basketball career, Jordan signed an unprecedented sponsorship deal with Nike to make his own branded “Air Jordan” high-top shoes, the largest of a series of high profile endorsements that has enabled him to become a billionaire.",open_qa What are some different ways to entertain my family when they visit Boston?,,"Boston, MA is a great place to take visitors whether they are from the US or abroad. Depending on the time of year that they visit, different options would rank higher. For example, if they arrive in the warmer months, say May to September, then an excellent place to start would be the freedom trail. This is a marked track that follows the famous ride of Paul Revere as the British forces arrived in Massachusetts Bay prior to the war of independence. During the warmer months, this path is nice to walk along as it will take your family along the landmarks of Boston, through the Boston Common, past the Quincy Markets, the Bunker Hill memorial, and through Boston's North End where some of the best Italian restaurants in the country can be found. In addition to this, Boston is home to two of the most prestigious universities in the world, Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Free walking tours are available on both of these campuses which are located on the other side of the Charles river in the city of Cambridge. You can also go to a baseball game at the famous Fenway Park stadium to see the local team, the Red Socks play, as well as enjoy the city's shopping district along Newbury St. and the Prudential. If, however, your family visits in the colder season, or worse during the peak of winter, Boston still has plenty of fun and enjoyable activities. You could take them to an ice hockey game at TD Gardens to watch the local team, the Bruins play. There are also Christmas and winter markets in the Sea Port district throughout the holidays. For skiing, the mountains of New England are within a few hours drive and are often excellent for new and experienced skiers.",brainstorming "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Allosaurus, Amur Leopard",,"Allosaurus is extinct, Amur Leopard is alive.",classification Which is a species of fish? Sea dragon or Red bearded,,Sea dragon,classification Name at least four different types of freshwater waterways,,"Rivers, creeks, canals and lakes",brainstorming "Based on the above information, provide the real names of the cast in the American television sitcom Friends. Separate the names using a comma. Also provide the date when the series finale was aired. Provide the date in MM/DD/YYYY format.","Friends is an American television sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons. With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six friends in their 20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City. The series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. The original executive producers were Kevin S. Bright, Kauffman, and Crane. Kauffman and Crane began developing Friends under the working title Insomnia Cafe between November and December 1993. They presented the idea to Bright, and together they pitched a seven-page treatment of the show to NBC. After several script rewrites and changes, including title changes to Six of One and Friends Like Us, the series was finally named Friends. Filming took place at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California. The show ranked within the top ten of the final television season ratings; it ultimately reached the number-one spot in its eighth season. The series finale aired on May 6, 2004, and was watched by around 52.5 million American viewers, making it the fifth-most-watched series finale in television history and the most-watched television episode of the 2000s.","As per the above passage, the cast of Friends include Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry, David Schwimmer. The series finale was aired on 05/06/2004.",information_extraction What is the Mahatma Gandhi Marg (Allahabad)?,,"Mahatama Gandhi Marg, also known as MG Marg, is one of the major streets in Allahabad, named after Mahatma Gandhi. It stretches from Allahabad High Court in the east making intersection with PD Tondon Marg and Nyaya Marg, passing through Civil Lines to the west until it ends at the esplanade. It is lined by shops, malls and a number of historical and religious buildings and offices including notable landmarks like All Saints Cathedral and Alfred Park in the north. It intersects with Sardar Patel Marg making Subash Cross, a notable town square of the city. The road was formerly Canning Road, named after Lord Canning, Governor-General of India from 1856 to 1862.",open_qa "Identify from the following list all of the ingredients that are necessary to bake chocolate chip cookies: butter, spinach, eggs, flour, apples, sugar, vanilla extract, chocolate chips, charcoal, a positive COVID 19 test cassette, fingernail polish, salt",,"Butter, eggs, flour, sugar, vanilla extract, chocolate chips, salt",classification What is a headlamp?,,"A headlamp is a light that attaches to a person’s head, usually with a headband and shines light ahead of the person wearing it. Headlamps are usually powered by batteries.",open_qa What do giant Pandas eats?,"The giant panda is a bear species endemic to China. It is a Carnivora, the giant panda is a folivore, with bamboo shoots and leaves making up more than 99% of its diet.","the giant panda is a folivore, with bamboo shoots and leaves making up more than 99% of its diet.",closed_qa What do giant Pandas eats?,"The giant panda is a bear species endemic to China. It is a Carnivora, the giant panda is a folivore, with bamboo shoots and leaves making up more than 99% of its diet.","the giant panda is a folivore, with bamboo shoots and leaves making up more than 99% of its diet.",closed_qa What is single-cell sequencing?,,"Single-cell sequencing examines the sequence information from individual cells with optimized next-generation sequencing technologies, providing a higher resolution of cellular differences and a better understanding of the function of an individual cell in the context of its microenvironment. For example, in cancer, sequencing the DNA of individual cells can give information about mutations carried by small populations of cells. In development, sequencing the RNAs expressed by individual cells can give insight into the existence and behavior of different cell types. In microbial systems, a population of the same species can appear genetically clonal. Still, single-cell sequencing of RNA or epigenetic modifications can reveal cell-to-cell variability that may help populations rapidly adapt to survive in changing environments.",open_qa "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Bass guitar, Duduk",,"Bass guitar is string, Duduk is woodwind.",classification Why should I use fabric softener?,"Machine washing puts great mechanical stress on textiles, particularly natural fibers such as cotton and wool. The fibers at the fabric surface are squashed and frayed, and this condition hardens while drying the laundry in air, giving the laundry a harsh feel. Adding a liquid fabric softener to the final rinse (rinse-cycle softener) results in laundry that feels softer.","Machine washing puts great mechanical stress on textiles, so adding a liquid fabric softener to the final rinse results in laundry that feels softer.",information_extraction Who is the fastest person on earth?,,"Usain Bolt. He currently holds the world record in both the 100 meter and 200 meter dash, widely considered to be the best measurement of outright speed.",open_qa What was the name of Dorrie Nossiter's exhibition?,"Dorrie Nossiter (29 June 1893 – 1977) was an English jeweller and jewellery designer from Aston, near Birmingham. Nossiter crafted precious jewellery of her own designs in the English Arts and Crafts Tradition in both sterling silver and gold. Her work is known for her use of colour and floral and curvature lines using gemstones in motifs. She was predominantly active during the 1930s. Nossiter was educated at the Municipal School of Art in Birmingham from 1910 to 1914. Nossiter married Ernest Guy Robinson in 1922. By 1935 she was living in London where her work was shown in the ""Art by Four Women"" exhibition at Walker's Gallery, London. Nossiter would go on to exhibit there from 1935 to 1939. Nossiter's work is often confused with that of another female jeweller and jewellery designer of the same period, Sibyl Dunlop.","Dorrie Nossiter showed her work in the ""Art by Four Women"" exhibition at the Walker's Gallery in London, England.",summarization "After the song ""Holding Out for a Hero"" appeared in Footloose, what album did it appear in?","""Holding Out for a Hero"" (often erroneously titled I Need a Hero) is a song recorded by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler for the soundtrack to the 1984 film Footloose. It later featured on her sixth studio album, Secret Dreams and Forbidden Fire (1986). The track was produced by Jim Steinman, who co-wrote the song with Dean Pitchford and was a Top 40 hit in several European countries, as well as Canada and the United States. Its 1985 re-release in the United Kingdom reached number two (remaining there for three weeks) and topped the singles chart in Ireland.",Secret Dreams and Forbidden Fire,summarization List the basis of contemporary national legal systems from the passage. Display the results in comma separated format.,"The contemporary national legal systems are generally based on one of four basic systems: civil law, common law, statutory law, religious law or combinations of these. However, the legal system of each country is shaped by its unique history and so incorporates individual variations. The science that studies law at the level of legal systems is called comparative law. Both civil (also known as Roman) and common law systems can be considered the most widespread in the world: civil law because it is the most widespread by landmass and by population overall, and common law because it is employed by the greatest number of people compared to any single civil law system.","civil law, common law, statutory law, religious law, comparative law",information_extraction What is the Metropolitan College of New York?,"The Metropolitan College of New York was founded in 1964 by educational pioneer Audrey Cohen as the Women's Talent Corp. It was renamed the College for Human Services in 1970, when it was granted a charter by the New York State Board of Regents. In 1983, it started offering business programs and in 1988, it added its first graduate program: a Master of Administration (today a Master of Public Administration). In 1992, the college was renamed Audrey Cohen College in honor of its founder. It gained its current name, the Metropolitan College of New York, in 2002.","The Metropolitan College of New York, founded in 1964 by Audrey Cohen, an educational pioneer, was originally named the Women's Talent Corporation. In 1970 it was renamed teh College of Human Services and was granted a charter by the New York State Board of Regents. In 1983 it added business programs and in 1988 added a Master of Administration. The college was renamed in 1992 to the Audrey Cohen College in recognition of its founder. In 2002 it was again renamed to the Metropolitan College of New York.",summarization What is Methode Traditionalle?,,Methode Traditionalle is a method of producing sparkling wine. It was first created in 1531 and involves double fermentation of wine. The second fermentation creates carbon dioxide which creates the bubbles in the sparkling wine.,open_qa Which TV Show is about a zip code in Beverly Hills?,,90210,open_qa Extract interconnection technologies used to create a regular working system.,"Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes, sensors and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes digital switching possible, and electronics is widely used in information processing, telecommunications, and signal processing. Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed components into a regular working system. Today, most electronic devices use semiconductor components to perform electron control. The underlying principles that explain how semiconductors work are studied in solid state physics, whereas the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems are part of electronics engineering.","Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed components into a regular working system.",information_extraction Where can you observe the stars?,,It's typically best to observe the stars on a dark night far away from ambient light of cities.,open_qa List down some points about Dalai Lama from the given text,"Since the time of the 5th Dalai Lama in the 17th century, his personage has always been a symbol of unification of the state of Tibet, where he has represented Buddhist values and traditions. The Dalai Lama was an important figure of the Geluk tradition, which was politically and numerically dominant in Central Tibet, but his religious authority went beyond sectarian boundaries. While he had no formal or institutional role in any of the religious traditions, which were headed by their own high lamas, he was a unifying symbol of the Tibetan state, representing Buddhist values and traditions above any specific school. The traditional function of the Dalai Lama as an ecumenical figure, holding together disparate religious and regional groups, has been taken up by the fourteenth Dalai Lama. He has worked to overcome sectarian and other divisions in the exiled community and has become a symbol of Tibetan nationhood for Tibetans both in Tibet and in exile.","1. Since the 5th Dalai Lama's reign in the 17th century, when he embodied Buddhist principles and traditions, his persona has always been a symbol of Tibet's unification. 2. The Dalai Lama was a significant member of the Geluk lineage, which dominated Central Tibet politically and numerically, but his influence in Buddhism transcended beyond lines. 3. Although he played no official or institutional function in any of the religious traditions, which were led by their own high lamas, he served as the universal symbol of the Tibetan state, standing in preference to any particular school for Buddhist principles and traditions. 4. The 14th dalai lama has taken up the traditional functions of dalai lama as an ecumenical figure. 5. Dalai lama has become a symbol of Tibetan nationhood for Tibetans both in Tibet and in exile.",summarization Why is sitting the new smoking?,,"Sitting is not good for your body, as it was created to move. Sedentary lifestyles have many health risk factors associated. It can decrease your bone density to live a sedentary lifestyle, leading to more injuries. Sitting all day will also overtime impact your flexibility and ability to be limber. This too, impacts your likelihood of becoming injured.",creative_writing when was the 2nd world war?,,It started in 1939 and ended in 1945,open_qa Who regulates banks in Australia?,,The Australian Prudential Regulatory Authority (APRA) is the prudential regulator of the Australian financial services industry.,open_qa Where is the Ahlatcik village,"Ahlatçık is a village in the Kastamonu District, Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Its population is 132 (2021).","Ahlatçık is a village in the Kastamonu District, Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Its population is 132 (2021)",summarization What is the origins of mens lacrosse?,,"Lacrosse was started by the Native American Indians and was originally known as stickball. The game was initially played in the St. Lawrence Valley area by the Algonquian tribe and they were followed by other tribes in the eastern half of North America, and around the western Great Lakes. What began as stickball, a native American Indian contest played by tribal warriors for training, recreation and religious reasons, has developed over the years into the interscholastic, professional and international sport of lacrosse",open_qa "Given these paragraphs about Multiomics, what is single-cell multiomics?","Multiomics, multi-omics, integrative omics, ""panomics"" or ""pan-omics"" is a biological analysis approach in which the data sets are multiple ""omes"", such as the genome, proteome, transcriptome, epigenome, metabolome, and microbiome (i.e., a meta-genome and/or meta-transcriptome, depending upon how it is sequenced); in other words, the use of multiple omics technologies to study life in a concerted way. By combining these ""omes"", scientists can analyze complex biological big data to find novel associations between biological entities, pinpoint relevant biomarkers and build elaborate markers of disease and physiology. In doing so, multiomics integrates diverse omics data to find a coherently matching geno-pheno-envirotype relationship or association. The OmicTools service lists more than 99 softwares related to multiomic data analysis, as well as more than 99 databases on the topic. Systems biology approaches are often based upon the use of panomic analysis data. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) defines panomics as referring to ""the interaction of all biological functions within a cell and with other body functions, combining data collected by targeted tests ... and global assays (such as genome sequencing) with other patient-specific information."" Single-cell multiomics A branch of the field of multiomics is the analysis of multilevel single-cell data, called single-cell multiomics. This approach gives us an unprecedent resolution to look at multilevel transitions in health and disease at the single cell level. An advantage in relation to bulk analysis is to mitigate confounding factors derived from cell to cell variation, allowing the uncovering of heterogeneous tissue architectures. Methods for parallel single-cell genomic and transcriptomic analysis can be based on simultaneous amplification or physical separation of RNA and genomic DNA. They allow insights that cannot be gathered solely from transcriptomic analysis, as RNA data do not contain non-coding genomic regions and information regarding copy-number variation, for example. An extension of this methodology is the integration of single-cell transcriptomes to single-cell methylomes, combining single-cell bisulfite sequencing to single cell RNA-Seq. Other techniques to query the epigenome, as single-cell ATAC-Seq and single-cell Hi-C also exist. A different, but related, challenge is the integration of proteomic and transcriptomic data. One approach to perform such measurement is to physically separate single-cell lysates in two, processing half for RNA, and half for proteins. The protein content of lysates can be measured by proximity extension assays (PEA), for example, which use DNA-barcoded antibodies. A different approach uses a combination of heavy-metal RNA probes and protein antibodies to adapt mass cytometry for multiomic analysis. Multiomics and machine learning In parallel to the advances in highthroughput biology, machine learning applications to biomedical data analysis are flourishing. The integration of multi-omics data analysis and machine learning has led to the discovery of new biomarkers. For example, one of the methods of the mixOmics project implements a method based on sparse Partial Least Squares regression for selection of features (putative biomarkers). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiomics",The analysis of multilevel single-cell data. This approach gives us an unprecedent resolution to look at multilevel transitions in health and disease at the single cell level.,closed_qa What is the capital of Australia and when was it founded?,,"The capital of Australia is Canberra. It was formally founded and named in 1913. The creation of Canberra followed a lengthy dispute over whether Sydney or Melbourne should be the capital. The word ""Canberra"" is derived from the name of the indigenous Ngunnawal clan who have resided on the land for over 21,000 years.",open_qa What is Project Nimbus?,"Project Nimbus is a cloud computing project of the Israeli government and its military. The Israeli Finance Ministry announced April 2021, that the contract is to provide ""the government, the defense establishment, and others with an all-encompassing cloud solution."" Under the contract, the companies will establish local cloud sites that will ""keep information within Israel's borders under strict security guidelines."" Project Nimbus has four planned phases: the first is purchasing and constructing the cloud infrastructure, the second is crafting government policy for moving operations onto the cloud, the third is moving operations to the cloud, and the fourth is implementing and optimizing cloud operations. Under a $1.2 billion contract, technology companies Google (Google Cloud Platform) and Amazon (Amazon Web Services) were selected to provide Israeli government agencies with cloud computing services, including artificial intelligence and machine learning. The terms Israel set for the project contractually forbid Amazon and Google from halting services due to boycott pressure. The tech companies are also forbidden from denying service to any particular government entities.","Project Nimbus is the Israel government's project and tender process to move all computing from on premise to the cloud for all government entities including the military. The first phase of the $1.2 billion tender process - for the cloud infrastructure - was awarded to Google Cloud Platform (GCP) and Amazon Web Services (AWS), who have built local data centers to ensure all information will remain within Israel's borders under strict security guidelines. The second phase will involve engaging technology and services companies to develop policy and the third will be to move operations onto the cloud. The fourth and final phase will be implementing and optimising cloud operations leveraging 1st party and 3rd party services available on GCP and AWS cloud platforms available within Israel. The terms of the contract forbid Amazon and Google from halting services due to any boycott pressure, or from denying service to any particular government entity including their military.",summarization Who won the 1986 Major League Baseball World Series and in how many games?,"The 1986 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1986 season. The 83rd edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff played between the National League (NL) champion New York Mets and the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox. The Mets won the series four games to three to claim their second World Series title and first since 1969. The series is best remembered for its Game 6, which saw the Mets rally from a two run-deficit in the bottom of the 10th inning, despite having two outs and no one on base. The Red Sox, who held a 3–2 series lead, were twice one strike away from securing the championship, but failed to close out the inning as the Mets won off an error by Boston first baseman Bill Buckner. Due to the Mets claiming the series in Game 7, the Game 6 collapse entered baseball lore as part of the Curse of the Bambino superstition used to explain the Red Sox's championship drought after the 1918 World Series.","The New York Mets beat the Boston Red Sox, 4 games to 3, to win the World Series. The Red Sox were a strike away from winning the series in Game 6 but the Mets won the game due to an error from first baseman Bill Buckner. The Mets went on to easily win Game 7. This was used as another data point in the ""Curse of the Bambino"" superstition that started in 1918 when the Red Sox traded Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees and hadn't won a World Series since (up til that point in time).",summarization "Given the reference text below, what is Air Jordan?","Air Jordan is a line of basketball shoes and athletic apparel produced by American corporation Nike, Inc. The first Air Jordan shoe was produced for Hall of Fame former basketball player Michael Jordan during his time with the Chicago Bulls in late 1984 and released to the public on April 1, 1985. The shoes were designed for Nike by Peter Moore, Tinker Hatfield, and Bruce Kilgore.","Air Jordan is a line of basketball shoes produced by Nike and Michael Jordan, first released in public on 1st April 1985.",closed_qa "Based on the text, please give me a brief summary of the history of the DTES neighbourhood in Vancouver","Around the beginning of the 20th century, the DTES was Vancouver's political, cultural and retail centre. Over several decades, the city centre gradually shifted westwards, and the DTES became a poor neighbourhood, although relatively stable. In the 1980s, the area began a rapid decline due to several factors, including an influx of hard drugs, policies that pushed sex work and drug-related activity out of nearby areas, and the cessation of federal funding for social housing. By 1997, an epidemic of HIV infection and drug overdoses in the DTES led to the declaration of a public health emergency. As of 2018, critical issues include opioid overdoses, especially those involving the drug fentanyl; decrepit and squalid housing; a shortage of low-cost rental housing; and mental illness, which often co-occurs with addiction.","The DTES has transformed from the focal point of Vancouver’s cultural and commercial life at the start of the 20th Century to an impoverished neighbourhood with many socio-economic problems by the 1980s. Since the 1990s, the DTES has been home to a public health emergency due to drug overdoses, HIV infection, a housing crisis, and mental health problems.",summarization Can foreign nationals get an Aadhaar in India?,"Aadhaar is a 12-digit unique identity number that can be obtained voluntarily by the citizens of India and resident foreign nationals who have spent over 182 days in twelve months immediately preceding the date of application for enrolment, based on their biometric and demographic data. The data is collected by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), a statutory authority established in January 2009 by the Government of India, under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, following the provisions of the Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and other Subsidies, benefits and services) Act, 2016. Aadhaar is the world's largest biometric ID system. World Bank Chief Economist Paul Romer described Aadhaar as ""the most sophisticated ID programme in the world"". Considered a proof of residence and not a proof of citizenship, Aadhaar does not itself grant any rights to domicile in India. In June 2017, the Home Ministry clarified that Aadhaar is not a valid identification document for Indians travelling to Nepal and Bhutan. Prior to the enactment of the Act, the UIDAI had functioned, since 28 January 2009, as an attached office of the Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog). On 3 March 2016, a money bill was introduced in the Parliament to give legislative backing to Aadhaar. On 11 March 2016, the Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and other Subsidies, benefits and services) Act, 2016, was passed in the Lok Sabha.","Resident foreign nationals who have spent over 182 days in twelve months immediately preceding the date of application for enrolment, based on their biometric and demographic data get an Aadhaar.",summarization Where can I see the remnants of a meteor strike on earth?,,"Meteor Crater located in Arizona, USA is one of the best preserved impact crater site on earth. The crater width is more than one kilometer and is visible from passenger airplanes flying overhead. The site is a best example of the destruction the meteors can cause. The site contains a visitor center that has various educational shows about space, meteor and human space flight history, remnants of the meteors the visitors can touch and feel, observation deck and guided tours of the crater outer rim. The site is owned by a private family who generates money by selling visitor tickets.",open_qa "Extract from the text what are the details needed for a subledger, or subsidiary ledger. Separate them by a comma.","The subledger, or subsidiary ledger, provides details behind entries in the general ledger used in accounting. The subledger shows detail for part of the accounting records such as property and equipment, prepaid expenses, etc. The detail would include such items as date the item was purchased or expense incurred, a description of the item, the original balance, and the net book value. The total of the subledger would match the line item amount on the general ledger. This corresponding line item in the general ledger is referred to as the controlling account. The subsidiary ledger balance is compared with its controlling account balance as part of the process of preparing a trial balance. As part of an audit, a method of testing balances may include tracing individual acquisitions to the subsidiary ledger for amounts and descriptions. The objective of this test is to determine that the current-year acquisitions schedule agrees with related subledger amounts, and the total agrees with the general ledger.","date the item was purchased, expense incurred, description of the item, original balance, net book value",information_extraction Argue that large language models are not conscious.,,"Large language models weren't designed to be conscious, and so it seems unlikely that consciousness would emerge as an unintended side effect, or emergent property, of these models.",creative_writing What is POP3 protocol?,,"Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3) is the most commonly used protocol for receiving email over the internet. This standard protocol, which most email servers and their clients support, is used to receive emails from a remote server and send to a local client.",open_qa Who did Outcault paint electric light displays for?,"Outcault painted electric light displays for Edison Laboratories for the 1888 Centennial Exposition of the Ohio Valley and Middle Atlantic States in Cincinnati. This led to full-time work with Edison in West Orange, New Jersey, doing mechanical drawings and illustrations. Edison appointed him official artist for the company's traveling exhibition in 1889–90, which included supervising the installation of Edison exhibits at the Exposition Universelle in Paris. While there, he studied art in the Latin Quarter and added the u to his surname.",Outclaut painted electric light displays for Edison Laboratories for the 1888 Centennial Exposition of the Ohio Valley and Middle Atlantic States in Cincinnati.,closed_qa Why do children sometimes leave milk and cookies out on Christmas Eve?,,Leaving milk and cookies out the night before Christmas is a tradition based on the assumption that Santa Clause will come down the chimney overnight to deliver presents and he might enjoy a snack.,open_qa What is a car used for?,,"A car is used to help you travel between places. It is useful to get you to where you need to go in a shorter amount of time as opposed to any other means of travel like walking. If you need to be somewhere fast a car could potentially be your best option and also save you some time. Ways to use a car could be for the following: driving your kids to school, going out to eat, or taking a trip.",open_qa Is the Ironbottom Sound a boardgame,"Ironbottom Sound, subtitled ""The Guadalcanal Campaign"", is a naval board wargame published by Quarterdeck Games in 1981 that simulates the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal during World War II. Four editions have been released by various publishers over forty years.","Ironbottom Sound, subtitled The Guadalcanal Campaign, is a naval board wargame published by Quarterdeck Games in 1981 that simulates the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal during World War II. Four editions have been released by various publishers over forty years.",summarization In which European country is this school located?,"The Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria Lope de Vega (IES Lope de Vega) is a public high school in Madrid, Spain. It is located in the calle de San Bernardo. It is operated by the regional administration of the Community of Madrid.",Spain,closed_qa Is the Tiger population Increasing in India?,,India is one of the very few countries in which the Tiger population is flourishing. Thanks to the reserve forests and dedicated support by the public and NGOs.There has been a steady increase in the Tiger population year over year and Karnataka state has been the front-runner in protecting and growing the Tiger population,open_qa Write a children's story about a baby called Arthur who weighed three times the normal weight for a boy his age,,"Once upon a time in a country far far away there was a baby called Arthur who was born into a loving family. In many ways, this event was perfectly normal and wouldn't have attracted any special attention. However, there was one big difference with this baby, and when I say big I mean BIG! This little baby was not so little after all, in fact Arthur was three times the weight of a normal baby. Arthur was so heavy that his parents had to build a customised pram with a reinforced frame just to move him around. On top of this bathtime would take over one hour because they had to clean between all his rolls of fat. Even though it could be harder to care for such a big baby Arthur's parents always felt so lucky and didn't mind the extra work they always said there was just more of him to love. The end",creative_writing "Given this paragraph about the Subaru Outback, in what year was the Wilderness trim introduced?","The sixth-generation Subaru Outback for the North American market was unveiled at the New York Auto Show on April 17, 2019. Full production started from July 29, 2019. This redesigned Outback keeps the same body style (wagon/crossover SUV), while still receiving a few changes, such as new taillights (similar to the ones on the Forester and upcoming Legacy) and an updated, modern interior. Internally, the 2020 Outback moves to the Subaru Global Platform, which is stiffer and offers a common base to allow use of alternative powertrains, such as hybrid or all-electric. The base model sixth-generation Outback was offered with the 2.5-liter gasoline direct-injection FB25D; a turbocharged 2.4-liter FA24F that was first used on the Subaru Ascent was offered as the uplevel engine, providing improved power, torque, and consumption compared to the discontinued EZ36. In addition to all-wheel drive coming standard on every trim, the 2021 model year also added LED adaptive steering-responsive headlights (SRH) on premium variants and a seat-belt reminder standard for all passengers. World markets outside of North America, including Japan, did not launch the sixth generation Outback until 2021. Australia launched on the 20th February 2021 with a number of differences over the North American version including updated LED headlights with combined Day Running Light and turn/direction indicator with SRH (Steering Responsive Headlights) standard across all variants (the Touring model also gained Adaptive Driving Beam (ADB) until 2023 when ADB became standard across all model variants), as is pushbutton-start with tailgate PIN access. There is improved camera resolution for rear, side and front driver assistance cameras, EyeSight 4.0 with roadside speed sign reading, adjustable speed limiting, and intersection crash avoidance utilising new EyeSight cameras with a wider field of view and a lower profile inside the cabin. Subaru claim the sole engine fitted to Australian Outbacks, the revised 2.5-litre FB25D, is made of 90% new components compared to the Gen5 engine as well. The Japanese Outback was announced on October 7, 2021; in Japan the Outback is offered exclusively with the 1.8-litre CB18 gasoline direct-injection turbo engine instead. In September 2021, the European variant received a five-star rating by the European New Car Assessment Programme (EuroNCAP) 2021. For the 2022 model year, Subaru added a new trim level, the Wilderness. Outback Wilderness features 9.5 inches of ground clearance, turbocharged 2.4-liter FA24F engine, and re-tuned transmission gearing with revised front and rear gear ratios. Marketed for off-road use, the Outback Wilderness has 17"" wheels with standard all-terrain tires, enhanced body cladding, and synthetic upholstery.",2022,closed_qa Name some famous shows with Jennifer Anniston.,,Some famous shows with Jennifer Anniston are Friends and The Morning Show.,open_qa Why do we say tip of the iceberg?,,"Majority of Icebergs size/mass tends to be submerged under water. So, their size is misleading when seen from above surface. So the expression tip of the iceberg refers to a big issue when we see only a small part of it.",open_qa Could you describe who is BNP Paribas (BNPP)?,"BNP Paribas is a French international banking group, founded in 2000 from the merger between Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP, ""National Bank of Paris"") and Paribas, formerly known as the Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas. The full name of the group's parent entity is BNP Paribas S.A. With 190,000 employees as of February 2021, the bank is organized into three major business areas: Commercial, Personal Banking & Services (CPBS), Investment & Protection Services (IPS) and Corporate & Institutional Banking (CIB). The group is listed on the first market of Euronext Paris and a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index, while it also included in the French CAC 40 index. BNP Paribas is the second largest banking group in Europe, after HSBC, and ninth largest banking group in the world (by assets, December 2021). It became one of the five largest banks in the world following the 2008 financial crisis. Despite some legal difficulties in 2014, including being fined the largest ever sum as reparation for violating U.S. sanctions, it remains one of the ten largest banks worldwide. It is considered a systemically important bank by the Financial Stability Board.",BNP Paribas alias BNPP is a French Banking group. In 2022 they made 50.4 billion euros of revenue and 10.2 billion euros of net income.,closed_qa What math classes are offered at high schools in the United States?,,"Math classes that are offered at high schools within the United States are Algebra 1, Algebra 2, Geometry, Statistics, Pre-Calculus, and Calculus.",open_qa Who were the Pilgrims and what holiday is typically associated with them?,"The Pilgrims is the name for the early settlers of the Plymouth Colony, which is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. In 1620 they traveled to New England on a ship called the Mayflower. There were 102 passengers on the ship. They were English Puritans who had left England years earlier to live in Leiden because of religious differences with the Church of England. Unlike other Puritans who wanted to reform the Church of England, they wanted to separate from it, so they were called Separatists. The original settlers of Plymouth Colony are known as the Pilgrim Fathers, or simply as the Pilgrims. When they arrived in America, they built homes and farms. They received help from the Wampanoag people. The Wampanoag people taught the Pilgrims how to plant corn, hunt, and fish in the new land. They had a big feast for 3 days, which was the first thanksgiving.","Pilgrims are considered to be the early settlers on Plymouth Colony in modern day Plymouth, Massachusetts. They travelled in 1620 on a ship known as the Mayflower from England. They were puritans who left England due to religious difference with the Church of England. When they arrived in America, they were assisted by the local Native American Wampanoag people. They taught the pilgrims how to hunt, fish and grow corn on their settlements. This led to a celebration for 3 days which are the origins of the modern day Thanksgiving feast.",information_extraction What is the meaning of life?,"The meaning of life, or the answer to the question: ""What is the meaning of life?"", pertains to the significance of living or existence in general. Many other related questions include: ""Why are we here?"", ""What is life all about?"", or ""What is the purpose of existence?"" There have been many proposed answers to these questions from many different cultural and ideological backgrounds. The search for life's meaning has produced much philosophical, scientific, theological, and metaphysical speculation throughout history. Different people and cultures believe different things for the answer to this question. The meaning of life can be derived from philosophical and religious contemplation of, and scientific inquiries about existence, social ties, consciousness, and happiness. Many other issues are also involved, such as symbolic meaning, ontology, value, purpose, ethics, good and evil, free will, the existence of one or multiple gods, conceptions of God, the soul, and the afterlife. Scientific contributions focus primarily on describing related empirical facts about the universe, exploring the context and parameters concerning the ""how"" of life. Science also studies and can provide recommendations for the pursuit of well-being and a related conception of morality. An alternative, humanistic approach poses the question, ""What is the meaning of my life?""",pertains to the significance of living or existence in general,closed_qa Is Singapore a good place to develop wealth?,"Economy Main article: Economy of Singapore Singapore Airlines celebrated the nation's Golden Jubilee with a flag livery on its Airbus A380 Singapore Airlines, the country's flag carrier, celebrated the nation's 2015 Golden Jubilee with a flag livery on its Airbus A380. Singapore has a highly developed market economy, based historically on extended entrepôt trade. Along with Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan, Singapore is one of the Four Asian Tigers, and has surpassed its peers in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. Between 1965 and 1995, growth rates averaged around 6 per cent per annum, transforming the living standards of the population. The Singaporean economy is regarded as free, innovative, dynamic and business-friendly. For several years, Singapore has been one of the few countries with an AAA credit rating from the big three, and the only Asian country to achieve this rating. Singapore attracts a large amount of foreign investment as a result of its location, skilled workforce, low tax rates, advanced infrastructure and zero-tolerance against corruption. It is the world's most competitive economy in 2019, according to the World Economic Forum's ranking of 141 countries, with the 2nd highest GDP per capita. Roughly 44 percent of the Singaporean workforce is made up of non-Singaporeans. Despite market freedom, Singapore's government operations have a significant stake in the economy, contributing 22% of the GDP. The city is a popular location for conferences and events. The currency of Singapore is the Singapore dollar (SGD or S$), issued by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). It has been interchangeable with the Brunei dollar at par value since 1967. MAS manages its monetary policy by allowing the Singapore dollar exchange rate to rise or fall within an undisclosed trading band. This is different from most central banks, which use interest rates to manage policy. Singapore has the world's eleventh largest foreign reserves, and one of the highest net international investment position per capita. Singapore has been identified as a tax haven for the wealthy due to its low tax rates on personal income and tax exemptions on foreign-based income and capital gains. Individuals such as Australian millionaire retailer Brett Blundy and multi-billionaire Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverin are two examples of wealthy individuals who have settled in Singapore. In 2009, Singapore was removed from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) ""liste grise"" of tax havens, and ranked fourth on the Tax Justice Network's 2015 Financial Secrecy Index of the world's off-shore financial service providers, banking one-eighth of the world's offshore capital, while ""providing numerous tax avoidance and evasion opportunities"". In August 2016, The Straits Times reported that Indonesia had decided to create tax havens on two islands near Singapore to bring Indonesian capital back into the tax base. In October 2016, the Monetary Authority of Singapore admonished and fined UBS and DBS and withdrew Falcon Private Bank's banking licence for their alleged role in the Malaysian Sovereign Fund scandal. Panoramic view of the Central Business District Singapore has the world's highest percentage of millionaires, with one out of every six households having at least one million US dollars in disposable wealth. This excludes property, businesses, and luxury goods, which if included would increase the number of millionaires, especially as property in Singapore is among the world's most expensive. In 2016, Singapore was rated the world's most expensive city for the third consecutive year by the Economist Intelligence Unit, and this remained true in 2018. The government provides numerous assistance programmes to the homeless and needy through the Ministry of Social and Family Development, so acute poverty is rare. Some of the programmes include providing between S$400 and S$1000 of financial assistance per month to needy households, providing free medical care at government hospitals, and paying for children's tuition. Other benefits include compensation for gym fees to encourage citizens to exercise, up to S$166,000 as a baby bonus for each citizen, heavily subsidised healthcare, financial aid for the disabled, the provision of reduced-cost laptops for poor students, rebates for costs such as public transport and utility bills, and more. As of 2018 Singapore's ranking in the Human Development Index is 9th in the world, with an HDI value of 0.935.","Singapore economy is regarded as free, innovative, dynamic and business-friendly. Singapore has the world's highest percentage of millionaires, with one out of every six households having at least one million US dollars in disposable wealth.",summarization What is the Capitol,,"The United States Capitol, often called The Capitol or the Capitol Building, is the seat of the United States Congress, the legislative branch of the federal government. It is located on Capitol Hill at the eastern end of the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Though no longer at the geographic center of the federal district, the Capitol forms the origin point for the street-numbering system of the district as well as its four quadrants. Central sections of the present building were completed in 1800. These were partly destroyed in the 1814 Burning of Washington, then were fully restored within five years. The building was enlarged in the 1850s by extending the wings for the chambers for the bicameral legislature, the House of Representatives in the south wing and the Senate in the north wing. The massive dome was completed around 1866 just after the American Civil War. Like the principal buildings of the executive and judicial branches, the Capitol is built in a neoclassical style and has a white exterior. Both its east and west elevations are formally referred to as fronts, though only the east front was intended for the reception of visitors and dignitaries.",open_qa Give me a list of things that pose a challenge to cryptos,,"1) Crypto is an invention that has yet to find a real life purpose. Bitcoin narrative has changed from a peer to peer payment processor to now being store of value. 2) Crypto also is banned in several countries. That is a challenge with wider adoption 3) Crypto is also bound to a regulatory event that could bring it to grinding halt 4) There's also a growing concern around energy consumption of them mining rigs. 5) In recent events, the demise of major crypto exchange like FTX has also lead to poor optics",brainstorming Who founded the city of Detroit?,,"The site that was to become the city of Detroit was established on July 24, 1701, by Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, a French military leader and trader.",open_qa are new year resolutions effective?,,"To answer the question, let us look at some statistics from public surveys about new year's resolutions. In 2022 about 46% of all people who made resolutions achieved their goals by the end of the year, 11% kept their resolutions for at least 6 months, 14% lasted at least 3 months, 19% lasted for a month, and 11% quit within a month. To make resolutions more effective, not only make the statement of what you want to change, but also list the steps you take to achieve it, and when you want to achieve it. Here are a few tips: Mentally prepare for change; Set goals that resonate with you; Limit resolutions to a manageable amount; Make resolutions specific, measurable, and time-sensitive; Break big goals up into smaller chunks; Write resolutions down; Automate things to keep tabs on yourself; Remember you can always get back on even if you fall off the track!",brainstorming Was Richard Nixon born in California?,"Richard Milhous Nixon was born on January 9, 1913, in what was then the township precinct of Yorba Linda, California, in a house built by his father, located on his family's lemon ranch","Richard Nixon was born in Yorba Linda, CA which is located in Orange County.",closed_qa What is the style of play for Zlatan Ibrahimović?,,"Ibrahimović has been described as being ""good in the air, quick, tall, strong and agile, he plays well with his back to goal and boasts some of the best finishing, vision, passing and ball control around. A versatile and well-rounded attacker, from a tactical standpoint, Ibrahimović is capable of playing anywhere along the front line, due to his ability to both create and score goals for his team, although he is most often deployed as a striker, due to his composure and eye for goal. He has also functioned in a more creative playmaking role at times, as a supporting forward or even as a number 10, in particular in his later career, after losing some of his pace and stamina with age; this deeper position allows him to drop into midfield to pick up the ball, where he can utilize his technical ability, vision, passing, and movement to create space and provide assists for teammates. While naturally right-footed, Ibrahimović is a powerful and accurate striker of the ball from both inside or outside the penalty area with either foot, and is also known for his accuracy from penalties and dead ball situations. An accurate finisher with his head as well as with his feet, his height, elevation, and strength often give him an advantage at winning aerial challenges, and also allow him to function as a ""target man""; despite his large stature, Ibrahimović is uncommonly agile for a player of his size, and his athleticism and ability in the air have seen him score several goals from acrobatic strikes and volleys throughout his career, which earned him the moniker Ibracadabra in the Italian media. In spite of his size and physique, Ibrahimović possesses excellent technique and ball control, which, coupled with his balance, power, and physicality, enables him to hold up the ball well with his back to goal, retain possession, and link up with other players; he has also been praised by pundits for his creativity and dribbling skills. Although he is not gifted with exceptional pace, in particular over shorter distances, which became more evident in his later career as he slowed down with age, he is also a quick player and a fast sprinter, who possessed significant acceleration in his youth, and was able to clock top speeds over 30 km/h even into his 30s.",classification Name the nation that was hit badly by Typhoon Hagibis in the last 60 years?,,Japan was hit badly by Typhoon Hagibis in the last 60 years,open_qa "According to the below, what is the Markov decision process?","In mathematics, a Markov decision process (MDP) is a discrete-time stochastic control process. It provides a mathematical framework for modeling decision making in situations where outcomes are partly random and partly under the control of a decision maker. MDPs are useful for studying optimization problems solved via dynamic programming. MDPs were known at least as early as the 1950s; a core body of research on Markov decision processes resulted from Ronald Howard's 1960 book, Dynamic Programming and Markov Processes. They are used in many disciplines, including robotics, automatic control, economics and manufacturing. The name of MDPs comes from the Russian mathematician Andrey Markov as they are an extension of Markov chains.","A Markov decision process (MDP) is a mathematical framework for modeling decision making in cases where outcomes are not entirely under the control of decision makers. MDPs are used in a variety of disciplines, such as robotics and economics.",summarization "Which of the following countries are monarchies? United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, United States, Russia, Poland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Spain",,"The monarchies in that list are the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Spain",classification Where can the transmitter for KQKZ be found?,"KQKZ (92.1 FM ""Q92.1"") is a commercial radio station that is licensed to serve the community of Bakersfield, California. It is owned by Lotus Communications. Its studios are located in southwest Bakersfield, while its transmitter is located northeast of the city. It is a classic hits station branded Q92.1 (pronounced Q ninety-two-one).",The transmitter for KQKZ can be found in the northeast of the city.,information_extraction Please explain the Primacy of the Spains,"The Primacy of the Spains (Portuguese: Primaz das Espanhas; Spanish: Primado de las Españas, Catalan: Primat de les Espanyes) is the primacy of the Iberian Peninsula, historically known as Hispania or in the plural as the Spains. The Archbishop of Braga, in Portugal, has claimed this primacy over the whole Iberian Peninsula since the middle ages, however today his primacy is only recognized in Portugal. The Archbishop of Toledo in Spain has claimed the Primacy of Spain, as the primate above all other episcopal sees in Spain. In addition, the Archbishop of Tarragona in Catalonia also make use of the title. The Archbishops in Braga, Toledo and Tarragona, if raised to the rank of cardinal, are known as Cardinal-Primates.","The Primacy of the Spains (Portuguese: Primaz das Espanhas; Spanish: Primado de las Españas, Catalan: Primat de les Espanyes) is the primacy of the Iberian Peninsula, historically known as Hispania or in the plural as the Spains. The Archbishop of Braga, in Portugal, has claimed this primacy over the whole Iberian Peninsula since the middle ages, however today his primacy is only recognized in Portugal. The Archbishop of Toledo in Spain has claimed the Primacy of Spain, as the primate above all other episcopal sees in Spain. In addition, the Archbishop of Tarragona in Catalonia also make use of the title. The Archbishops in Braga, Toledo and Tarragona, if raised to the rank of cardinal, are known as Cardinal-Primates.",closed_qa "Based on the paragraph below, what bone was used to estimate the height of William the Conquerer?","No authentic portrait of William has been found; the contemporary depictions of him on the Bayeux Tapestry and on his seals and coins are conventional representations designed to assert his authority. There are some written descriptions of a burly and robust appearance, with a guttural voice. He enjoyed excellent health until old age, although he became quite fat in later life. He was strong enough to draw bows that others were unable to pull and had great stamina. Geoffrey Martel described him as without equal as a fighter and as a horseman. Examination of William's femur, the only bone to survive when the rest of his remains were destroyed, showed he was approximately 5 feet 10 inches (1.78 m) in height.",His femur.,closed_qa Who created Final Fantasy?,"Final Fantasy is a Japanese science fantasy anthology media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi and developed and owned by Square Enix (formerly Square). The franchise centers on a series of fantasy and science fantasy role-playing video games. The first game in the series was released in 1987, with 15 numbered main entries having been released to date.",Final Fantasy was created by Hironobu Sakaguchi,closed_qa What commercial airports are near Philmont Training Center (PTC)?,"The Philmont Training Center (PTC), located at the Philmont Scout Ranch near Cimarron, New Mexico, has been the National Training Center of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) since 1950. The PTC offers week-long training conferences from June through September for council, district, and unit volunteers, BSA professionals, and youth leaders with several conferences taking place each week. The PTC also offers activities for family members including hikes throughout the week and a week-long backpacking program called a Mountain Trek for youth ages 14 to 20. Nearby commercial airports are the Albuquerque International Sunport airport, Denver International Airport, Colorado Springs Airport, Pueblo Memorial Airport with service to Denver, and Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport.","Nearby commercial airports for The Philmont Training Center (PTC) include Albuquerque International Sunport airport, Denver International Airport, Colorado Springs Airport, Pueblo Memorial Airport with service to Denver, and Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport.",information_extraction Who are the children of Ned and Catelyn Stark?,,"Robb, Sansa, Arya, Bran, and Rickon",open_qa What is Chardonnay?,"Chardonnay (UK: /ˈʃɑːrdəneɪ/, US: /ˌʃɑːrdənˈeɪ/, French: [ʃaʁdɔnɛ] (listen)) is a green-skinned grape variety used in the production of white wine. The variety originated in the Burgundy wine region of eastern France, but is now grown wherever wine is produced, from England to New Zealand. For new and developing wine regions, growing Chardonnay is seen as a 'rite of passage' and an easy entry into the international wine market. The Chardonnay grape itself is neutral, with many of the flavors commonly associated with the wine being derived from such influences as terroir and oak. It is vinified in many different styles, from the lean, crisply mineral wines of Chablis, France, to New World wines with oak and tropical fruit flavors. In cool climates (such as Chablis and the Carneros AVA of California), Chardonnay wine tends to be medium to light body with noticeable acidity and flavors of green plum, apple, and pear. In warmer locations (such as the Adelaide Hills and Mornington Peninsula in Australia and Gisborne and Marlborough region of New Zealand), the flavors become more citrus, peach, and melon, while in very warm locations (such as the Central Coast AVA of California), more fig and tropical fruit notes such as banana and mango come out. Wines that have gone through malolactic fermentation tend to have softer acidity and fruit flavors with buttery mouthfeel and hazelnut notes.","Chardonnay (UK: /ˈʃɑːrdəneɪ/, US: /ˌʃɑːrdənˈeɪ/, French: [ʃaʁdɔnɛ] (listen)) is a green-skinned grape variety used in the production of white wine. The Chardonnay grape itself is neutral, with many of the flavors commonly associated with the wine being derived from such influences as terroir and oak. It is vinified in many different styles, from the lean, crisply mineral wines of Chablis, France, to New World wines with oak and tropical fruit flavors.",closed_qa Who are the greatest hockey players of all time?,,"The greatest hockey players of all time include Wayne Gretzky, Mario Lemieux, Bobby Orr, and Gordie Howe.",brainstorming what are the different ways to set up a stereo music system at home?,,"There are a few parameters / criteria that you will have to think through: 1. Where will this be located 2. Would you want to share it with others or have a personal listening session 3. Would your stereo setup play a dual role as part of your Home Theater system 4. How large is the space 6. What is your budget There are different components to a music system 1. Music source - Streaming (e.g. Spotify), CD, LP record player 2. Digital to Analog converter (DAC) 3. Preamplifier - Required for volume control and if you have multiple sources 4. Stereo Amplifier 5. Speakers or Headphones -- Speakers - Can be bookshelf speakers (for small spaces) or floorstanding speakers (for large spaces) -- Headphones - Can be open back (great for quiet places and no other people around who may get disturbed) or closed back (noisy environment or other people present). You will also need to think through if you want noise cancellation or not (usage on flights etc will require a closed back headphone with Active Noise Cancellation)",brainstorming What is Foreverly?,"Foreverly (stylized as foreverly) is a collaborative album by Green Day singer/guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong and jazz/pop singer-songwriter Norah Jones. It was released on November 25, 2013, through Reprise Records. Foreverly is a collection of traditional songs, and is a reinterpretation of the 1958 album Songs Our Daddy Taught Us by The Everly Brothers. It is promoted by the lead single ""Long Time Gone"". A lyric video for the song was released on November 13, 2013, and was followed by the release of a music video for ""Silver Haired Daddy of Mine"" five days later. Background","Foreverly is a remake of the album Songs Our Daddy Taught Us by The Everly Brothers. It was released in November 2013 and is a collaboration between Billie Joe Armstrong, of the band Green Day, and Norah Jones.",summarization "In a concise bulleted list, tell me what audiologists do when they are seeing a patient","Audiology (from Latin audīre, ""to hear""; and from Greek -λογία, -logia) is a branch of science that studies hearing, balance, and related disorders. Audiologists treat those with hearing loss and proactively prevent related damage. By employing various testing strategies (e.g. behavioral hearing tests, otoacoustic emission measurements, and electrophysiologic tests), audiologists aim to determine whether someone has normal sensitivity to sounds. If hearing loss is identified, audiologists determine which portions of hearing (high, middle, or low frequencies) are affected, to what degree (severity of loss), and where the lesion causing the hearing loss is found (outer ear, middle ear, inner ear, auditory nerve and/or central nervous system). If an audiologist determines that a hearing loss or vestibular abnormality is present, they will provide recommendations for interventions or rehabilitation (e.g. hearing aids, cochlear implants, appropriate medical referrals).","* Audiologists aim to determine whether someone has normal sensitivity to sounds. * If hearing loss is identified, audiologists determine which portions of hearing are affected, to what degree, and where the lesion causing the hearing loss is found * If an audiologist determines that hearing loss is present, they will provide recommendations for interventions or rehabilitation",closed_qa What is a less known rule or move in Chess?,,En passant,open_qa What is Fibonacci series,,"Fibonacci series is a sequence where every number is the sum of the 2 preceding numbers. The series commonly starts form 0 and the first few numbers are 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21....",open_qa Few creative ways we can market products and services in modern era?,,"1. Influencer Partnership 2. Social Media Campaign 3. Events and experiential marketing",brainstorming How long do bears hibernate?,"Bears use shelters, such as caves and logs, as their dens; most species occupy their dens during the winter for a long period of hibernation, up to 100 day",Bears can hibernate up to 100 days in their dens during the winter,information_extraction Tell me about the inversion in postcolonial theory,"The term derives from studies of modalities of resistance by the Subaltern Studies school, but reflects concerns pervasive from the earliest days of post- and anti-colonial writing. Ranajit Guha refers to inversion as one of the modalities of peasant revolt in colonial India, noting practices such as forcing landlords to carry peasants on Sedan chairs. Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth (1961) provides an extensive discussion and partial advocacy of inversion in a social context defined by strong binaries. A reversal of the coloniser's monopoly on violence is taken to be necessary to break out of the master–slave dialectic, a learnt sense of cultural inferiority and the learned helplessness of the colonised. The term ""inversion woodcuts"" also appears in peasant studies as a description of imagery such as an ox killing a butcher (e.g. James Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance, 166-72). The term has become useful as a way of theorising violence. Definitions of terms such as racism and sexism are contested, and theorists who use structural or institutional definitions thus refuse to typify actions against members of structurally dominant groups by structurally subordinate groups, or prejudicial beliefs against members of dominant groups, with these terms. Actions such as Palestinian suicide bombing, the 9/11 attacks, land reform in Zimbabwe, the writings and actions of Valerie Solanas and SCUM, and what are treated by the state as racially motivated crimes against white people, would be examples of cases where the term would be used. Ward Churchill's essay On the Justice of Roosting Chickens is an example of this kind of analysis from an author sympathetic to inversion. Attaching positive values to an essence of the oppressed, as in some black-consciousness and Afrocentric ideas, would also be an instance of inversion, especially to critics. Edward Said argues against this inversion, suggesting that ""in Post-colonial national states, the liabilities of such essences as the Celtic spirit, négritude, or Islam are clear: they have much to do not only with the native manipulators, who also use them to cover up contemporary faults, corruptions, tyrannies, but also with the embattled imperial contexts out of which they came and in which they were felt to be necessary"" (Culture and Imperialism 16).","The term derives from studies of modalities of resistance by the Subaltern Studies school, but reflects concerns pervasive from the earliest days of post- and anti-colonial writing. Ranajit Guha refers to inversion as one of the modalities of peasant revolt in colonial India, noting practices such as forcing landlords to carry peasants on Sedan chairs.",summarization Provide a list of signs that you have won at life,,"1. Your house is paid off 2. Your student loans are paid off 3. You are emotionally and physically healthy 4. You have meaningful relationships 5. You respect and love yourself 6. Your kids and spouse are content 7. You are comfortably retired",brainstorming "When was ""I'm Just a Singer (In a Rock and Roll Band)"" released?","""I'm Just a Singer (In a Rock and Roll Band)"" is a 1973 hit single by the English progressive rock band the Moody Blues, written by the band's bassist, John Lodge. It was first released in 1972 as the final track on the album Seventh Sojourn and was later released as a single in 1973, with ""For My Lady"" as its B-side. It was the second single released from Seventh Sojourn, with the first being ""Isn't Life Strange"", which was also written by Lodge. The song reached number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US, becoming one of their highest-charting hits in that country, but fared less well in their native UK, where it managed number 36. It was also the final single released by the Moody Blues prior to their five-year hiatus, which was agreed upon so each of the band members could pursue their own solo careers. Their next single would not be until 1978, with ""Steppin' in a Slide Zone"".","""I'm Just a Singer (In a Rock and Roll Band)"" was originally released in 1972 as the final track on the album Seventh Sojourn and was later released as a single in 1973.",closed_qa What is gardening?,"Gardening is the practice of growing and cultivating plants as part of horticulture. In gardens, ornamental plants are often grown for their flowers, foliage, or overall appearance; useful plants, such as root vegetables, leaf vegetables, fruits, and herbs, are grown for consumption, for use as dyes, or for medicinal or cosmetic use. Gardening ranges in scale from fruit orchards, to long boulevard plantings with one or more different types of shrubs, trees, and herbaceous plants, to residential back gardens including lawns and foundation plantings, all the way to container gardens grown inside or outside. Gardening may be very specialized, with only one type of plant grown, or involve a variety of plants in mixed plantings. It involves an active participation in the growing of plants, and tends to be labor-intensive, which differentiates it from farming or forestry.","Gardening is laying out and caring for a plot of ground devoted partially or wholly to growing plants such as flowers, herbs, or vegetables.",information_extraction What is an ionic bond?,,"An ionic bond is a bond where an electron from one atom is transferred to another atom. An example of an ionic bond is NaCl, or salt.",open_qa What time of year does school normally start in the United States?,,"School normally starts in early Fall, in either August or September",open_qa What is considered a good meal?,,"Have plenty and balanced intake of carbs, proteins and fats. Have various ingredients including greens.",open_qa What is a PIN?,,"A personal identification number (PIN), or sometimes redundantly a PIN number or PIN code, is a numeric (sometimes alpha-numeric) passcode used in the process of authenticating a user accessing a system. The PIN has been the key to facilitating the private data exchange between different data-processing centers in computer networks for financial institutions, governments, and enterprises. PINs may be used to authenticate banking systems with cardholders, governments with citizens, enterprises with employees, and computers with users, among other uses. In common usage, PINs are used in ATM or POS transactions, secure access control (e.g. computer access, door access, car access), internet transactions, or to log into a restricted website.",open_qa who is tamil nadu super star ?,,"In Tamil Nadu, Superstar is Rajinikanth and he is one of the popular film stars.",open_qa When did Harriet live in the Andaman Islands?,"The Tytlers were introduced to photography by Felix Beato and Dr John Murray of Agra. In May 1857 the couple were resident in the military cantonments outside Delhi, where Robert Tytler's regiment, the 38th Bengal Native Infantry was one of the first to mutiny during the great rebellion of that year. Because she was heavily pregnant, Harriet was allowed to stay on and was the only British woman present at the Siege of Delhi. She later gave birth in a donkey cart while escaping to safer areas. They named this third child Stanley Delhi-Force Tytler. From 1862 to 1864 she lived in the Andaman Islands where her husband was posted as a Superintendent of the Ross Island Penal Colony, a Penal Settlement (which was established mainly to house prisoners from the 1857 uprising). The region around a 1100 foot high hill in the South Andamans, which was named after her as Mt. Harriet(now known as mount manipur), was cleared of forest by Tytler. The area is now protected as the Mount Harriet National Park. Tytler's tenure in the Andamans was short and they moved to Shimla. In Shimla, Harriet founded an Asiatic Christian Orphanage. She died in Shimla on 24 November 1907.",Between 1862 and 1864.,information_extraction What is the largest or biggest land animal?,,The largest or biggest land animal is the African bush elephant. It can reach weights of up to 10000 kgs (or 22000 lbs). However historically there have been dinosaurs that are greater in weight than elephants.,open_qa Who is the founder of the Pilates method?,,The Pilates method was founded by Joseph Pilates in the 1920s and 30s. This exercise method was built around apparatus that Joseph created while interned with German prisoners in WWI England. The apparatus contained springs and pulleys and were designed to promote rehabilitation through whole-body movement and complete muscular control.,open_qa What are different ways to lose weight?,,"The following are different ways to lose weight: 1. Eat less processed and sugary foods 2. Lift weights at the gym 3. Go on long walks or runs outside 4. Intermittent fast for 16 hours a day 5. Drink more water 6. Drink less alcohol",brainstorming What is Ontology?,"""In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being, as well as related concepts such as existence, becoming, and reality. Ontology addresses questions like how entities are grouped into categories and which of these entities exist on the most fundamental level. Ontologists often try to determine what the categories or highest kinds are and how they form a system of categories that encompasses the classification of all entities. Commonly proposed categories include substances, properties, relations, states of affairs, and events. These categories are characterized by fundamental ontological concepts, including particularity and universality, abstractness and concreteness, or possibility and necessity. Of special interest is the concept of ontological dependence, which determines whether the entities of a category exist on the most fundamental level. Disagreements within ontology are often about whether entities belonging to a certain category exist and, if so, how they are related to other entities.""","In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being",closed_qa What was the deadliest battle in history?,,"The Battle of Stalingrad was a brutal military campaign between Russian forces and those of Nazi Germany and the Axis powers during World War II. The battle is infamous as one of the largest, longest and bloodiest engagements in modern warfare: From August 1942 through February 1943, more than two million troops fought in close quarters – and nearly two million people were killed or injured in the fighting, including tens of thousands of Russian civilians. The giant campaign was really a showdown between Hitler and Stalin over the city that bore the name of the Soviet dictator, which ultimately turned the tide of World War II in favor of the Allied forces, and helped bring about a change of fortunes that would eventually destroy Nazi Germany and doom Hitler.",open_qa List the trim levels available for the F-150 Lightning. Separate them with a comma.,"For the 2022 model year, the F-150 Lightning is available in four trim levels: Pro, XLT, Lariat, and Platinum. The Pro trim is only available with the smaller-capacity battery, and the Platinum only offers the higher-capacity battery, although all other trims include the smaller-capacity battery as standard equipment, but also offer the higher-capacity battery as an option.","The F-150 Lightning is available in four trim levels: Pro, XLT, Lariat, and Platinum.",information_extraction What year did The X-Files TV show debut?,,1993,open_qa What goes into a credit score?,,"In the US, a credit score is based off information given in a credit report. These are analyzed and grouped into five categories: payment history (35%), amounts owed (30%), length of credit history (15%), new credit (10%) and credit mix (10%). Both positive and negative information is gathered in each category.",brainstorming Name the seven Alpine countries from West to East.,"The Alps (/ælps/) are the highest and most extensive mountain range in Europe, stretching approximately 1,200 km (750 mi) across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia. The Alpine arch extends from Nice on the western Mediterranean to Trieste on the Adriatic and Vienna at the beginning of the Pannonian Basin. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. Mont Blanc spans the French–Italian border, and at 4,809 m (15,778 ft) is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area contains 128 peaks higher than 4,000 m (13,000 ft).","The seven Alpine countries (from West to East): France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia.",information_extraction What are some ways to avoid social engineering attacks?,,"1. Educate yourself and your employees: Train yourself and your employees to recognize social engineering attacks and how to respond to them. 2. Be suspicious of unsolicited messages: If you receive a message that you were not expecting, be suspicious and verify the sender's identity before responding. 3. Use strong passwords and two-factor authentication: Use strong passwords and enable two-factor authentication to protect your accounts from unauthorized access. 4. Keep your software up to date: Keep your software and operating system up to date with the latest security patches to prevent vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit. 5. Use anti-virus and anti-malware software: Use anti-virus and anti-malware software to protect your devices from malicious software that can be used in social engineering attacks. 6. Be cautious of public Wi-Fi: Avoid using public Wi-Fi networks for sensitive activities, such as online banking or accessing confidential information.",brainstorming What is Intermittent Fasting?,"Intermittent fasting is any of various meal timing schedules that cycle between voluntary fasting (or reduced calorie intake) and non-fasting over a given period. Methods of intermittent fasting include alternate-day fasting, periodic fasting, and daily time-restricted feeding.","Intermittent fasting is a time-restricted form of meal scheduling to reduce caloric intake by voluntarily abstaining from eating during defined periods. Various fasting methods include daily feeding during restricted time windows, alternate-day fasting, and periodic fasting.",summarization What is a Google Pixel?,,A Google Pixel is a smartphone whose hardware and software - or Operating System - is manufactured by Google Inc. The OS (Operating System) is based on Android and does not include bloatware or 3rd party applications upon setup. Google frequently releases new security updates and new features which are not necessarily part of the general Android update cycle.,open_qa What is a hadron?,,A hadron is a subatomic particles made of up two or more smaller particles called quarks. Hadrons interact via the strong nuclear force. Examples of hadrons include the proton and the neutron.,open_qa "Please summarize the MECE principle, give an example and explain how it can be used in business","The MECE principle, (mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive) is a grouping principle for separating a set of items into subsets that are mutually exclusive (ME) and collectively exhaustive (CE). It was developed in the late 1960s by Barbara Minto at McKinsey & Company and underlies her Minto Pyramid Principle, and while she takes credit for MECE, according to her interview with McKinsey, she says the idea for MECE goes back as far as to Aristotle. The MECE principle has been used in the business mapping process wherein the optimum arrangement of information is exhaustive and does not double count at any level of the hierarchy. Examples of MECE arrangements include categorizing people by year of birth (assuming all years are known), apartments by their building number, letters by postmark, and dice rolls. A non-MECE example would be categorization by nationality, because nationalities are neither mutually exclusive (some people have dual nationality) nor collectively exhaustive (some people have none).","MECE stands for Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive and serves as an organizing framework used by management consulting firms, such as McKinsey and BCG as a way to organize reports and complicated data. Due to its effectiveness, it has made it's way into the larger business community. An example MECE arrangement would be departments within an organization, year hired for employees, the choice to eat in or eat out. MECE can be used to simplify complex ideas.",summarization What is the EU compensation regulation EU261 for cancelled flights?,"The Flight Compensation Regulation 2004 (EC) No 261/2004 is a regulation in EU law establishing common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding, flight cancellations, or long delays of flights. It requires compensation of €250 to €600 depending on the flight distance for delays over of at least three hours, cancellations, or being denied boarding from overbooking. Delays shorter than three hours means no entitlement to any compensation of any kind even if the delay was classified as non-extraordinary. Airlines must provide refreshments and accommodation where appropriate. The Court of Justice of the European Union has interpreted passenger rights strictly, so that there are virtually no exceptions for airlines to evade their obligations for breach of contract. It repealed Regulation (EEC) No 295/91, and went into effect on 17 February 2005.","The EU in 2004, passed regulation EU 261 to protect passengers against severe flight disruptions such as long delays, cancellations, missed connections and flight re-bookings. The exact compensation amount is dependent on the flight distance and delays of over 3 hours, cancellations, or being denied boarding due to overbooking. The regulation went into effect as of February 2005.",summarization What does HIPAA stand for?,,HIPAA is an acronym for the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.,open_qa "Given a reference text about NATO, when did Finland become a member?","The Republic of Finland has been a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) since 4 April 2023. Finland had formal relations with NATO since 1994, when it joined the Partnership for Peace program, and has been a member of the European Union (EU), which largely overlaps with NATO in membership, since 1995.","April 4, 2023",closed_qa What is RTGS?,,"Real-time gross settlement (RTGS) systems are specialist funds transfer systems where the transfer of money or securities takes place from one bank to any other bank on a ""real-time"" and on a ""gross"" basis. Settlement in ""real time"" means a payment transaction is not subjected to any waiting period, with transactions being settled as soon as they are processed. ""Gross settlement"" means the transaction is settled on a one-to-one basis, without bundling or netting with any other transaction. ""Settlement"" means that once processed, payments are final and irrevocable. RTGS systems are usually operated by a country's central bank as it is seen as critical infrastructure for a country's economy. Economists believe that an efficient national payment system reduces the cost of exchanging goods and services, and is indispensable to the functioning of the interbank, money, and capital markets. A weak payment system may severely drag on the stability and developmental capacity of a national economy; its failures can result in inefficient use of financial resources, inequitable risk-sharing among agents, actual losses for participants, and loss of confidence in the financial system and in the very use of money.",open_qa What is the best way to learn basketball?,,"The first skill to learn in basketball is ball handling. The ability to dribble with your right and left hands is key. Most people are either right or left handed. If a player is right handed, they should spend the majority of their time dribbling with their left hand (weak hand). The next thing to focus is on shooting. Start with the Mikan drill. This drill helps with developing shooting with both your right and left hand. This will help when you begin shooting layups. Gradually, start taking shots a little farther away from the basket. Only move backwards when you consistently shoot a high percentage of made shots. Finally, you want to focus with movement without the ball. This includes proper cuts when you are an offensive player without possession of the ball. You also want to practice proper positioning on defense. Practice good defensive positioning when you guard the person with and without the ball.",brainstorming Please give me a short bulleted list of the characteristics of lenticular galaxies.,"A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms. Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies). Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe. Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.","- Consist primarily of aging stars - Are considered early-type galaxies - Does not have large-scale spiral arms - Has a large scale disc",summarization Why some believe that continuous optimisation problems might be easier to solve than discrete optimisation problems?,,"Some believe that continuous optimisation problems might be easier to solve than their discrete counterparts, owing to the smoothness of the objective functions, which allows the use of calculus techniques. In general, calculus techniques mean to use objective and constraint information at a particular point x, to deduce information about the behaviour of the objective function at all surrounding points close to x. The deduced information is then used to guide the search direction. In contrast, combinatorial optimisation problems are to some extent harder to solve than continuous ones. This is because the behaviour of the objective and constraints may change significantly as we move from one feasible point to another, even if the two points are close according to some measure. Thus it is usually not possible to deduce information about the neighbouring points from the current one.",open_qa Best way to buy a new or used car?,,"Before you visit a dealership, get financing from your bank so that you have leverage at the dealership and can compare interest rates. Do research online to identify cars you would like to see in person. The more you look online, the more you will understand pricing, incentives, and upgrades available. Line up a few options that you would like to see in person. Always test drive any car you are considering. Know before you go to the dealership how much you want to offer for the car you like. If the dealership does not accept the offer, be willing to walk out and onto the next car. Do not let the dealership force you into optional packages or services you do not want. They can not force you to buy the extras. You will get the best deal if you are patient and do your research to know when you find a good deal.",open_qa Discuss the pros and cons of a day trip to Vancouver versus a day trip to Portland from Seattle.,,"Both Vancouver, Canada and Portland, Oregon can be a fun day trip from Seattle. The pros for both are that the cities are fairly close to Seattle, so a day trip is very reasonable. In terms of time to get there, Portland is a bit closer and also has the advantage of still being in the United States. So, you may save time compared to going to Vancouver since there is no border crossing. This difference can be fairly trivial though since the border between the US and Canada is often fairly fast. Besides travel time, something to consider is what kind of activity you want to do. Vancouver has a lot of great chinese cuisine and also has Stanley park which is a great place to go walking and cycling. Portland is known for Voodoo donuts, a popular and unique donut store. Overall, both are great options and it boils down to what things you enjoy doing most.",creative_writing What is a database schema?,,"A database schema is a definition for how to organize data within a relational database. a relational database can also have multiple schemas. Schemas may also describe the source system the data in that schema comes from. Schema includes table names, fields, data types, and the relationships between all these items. Schemas are visually represented using Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs), and the process of creating schema definitions is called data modeling.",open_qa Where was Anne Zohra Berrached born?,"The daughter of an Algerian father, Anne Zohra Berrached was born and raised in the GDR. Following specialized secondary school in art, she earned a university degree in social pedagogy. Anne Zohra Berrached worked for two years in London as a drama teacher before spending one year abroad in Cameroon and Spain.",Anne Zohra Berrached was born and raised in GDR (German Democratic Republic),closed_qa "Given these paragraphs about Asperger syndrome, after whom it was named?","Asperger syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger's, is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour and interests. The syndrome is no longer recognised as a diagnosis in itself, having been merged with other conditions into autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It was considered to differ from other diagnoses that were merged into ASD by relatively unimpaired spoken language and intelligence. The syndrome was named after the Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger, who, in 1944, described children in his care who struggled to form friendships, did not understand others' gestures or feelings, engaged in one-sided conversations about their favourite interests, and were clumsy. In 1994, the diagnosis of Asperger's was included in the fourth edition (DSM-IV) of the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; however, with the publication of DSM-5 in 2013 the syndrome was removed, and the symptoms are now included within autism spectrum disorder along with classic autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). It was similarly merged into autism spectrum disorder in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) as of 2021. The exact cause of Asperger's is poorly understood. While it has high heritability, the underlying genetics have not been determined conclusively. Environmental factors are also believed to play a role. Brain imaging has not identified a common underlying condition. There is no single treatment, and the UK's National Health Service (NHS) guidelines suggest that 'treatment' of any form of autism should not be a goal, since autism is not 'a disease that can be removed or cured'. According to the Royal College of Psychiatrists, while co-occurring conditions might require treatment, 'management of autism itself is chiefly about the provision of the education, training and social support/care required to improve the person's ability to function in the everyday world'. The effectiveness of particular interventions for autism is supported by only limited data. Interventions may include social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy, parent training, and medications for associated problems, such as mood or anxiety. Autistic characteristics tend to become less obvious in adulthood, but social and communication difficulties usually persist. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asperger_syndrome","The syndrome was named after the Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger, who, in 1944, described children in his care who struggled to form friendships, did not understand others' gestures or feelings, engaged in one-sided conversations about their favourite interests, and were clumsy.",closed_qa What American city is referred to as The City of Roses?,,"Portland, Oregon is referred to as The City of Roses, even though roses are not native to the region.",open_qa "Given the following paragraph on siliceous ooze, how are oozes defined?","Siliceous ooze is a type of biogenic pelagic sediment located on the deep ocean floor. Siliceous oozes are the least common of the deep sea sediments, and make up approximately 15% of the ocean floor. Oozes are defined as sediments which contain at least 30% skeletal remains of pelagic microorganisms. Siliceous oozes are largely composed of the silica based skeletons of microscopic marine organisms such as diatoms and radiolarians. Other components of siliceous oozes near continental margins may include terrestrially derived silica particles and sponge spicules. Siliceous oozes are composed of skeletons made from opal silica Si(O2), as opposed to calcareous oozes, which are made from skeletons of calcium carbonate organisms (i.e. coccolithophores). Silica (Si) is a bioessential element and is efficiently recycled in the marine environment through the silica cycle. Distance from land masses, water depth and ocean fertility are all factors that affect the opal silica content in seawater and the presence of siliceous oozes.",Oozes are defined as sediments which contain at least 30 percent skeletal remains of pelagic microorganisms.,closed_qa What is NEFT?,,"National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) is an electronic funds transfer system maintained by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). Started in November 2005, the setup was established and maintained by Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology. NEFT enables bank customers in India to transfer funds between any two NEFT-enabled bank accounts on a one-to-one basis. It is done via electronic messages. Unlike real-time gross settlement, fund transfers through the NEFT system do not occur in real-time basis. Previously, NEFT system settled fund transfers in hourly batches with 23 settlements occurring between 00:30 hrs. to 00:00 hrs. From 16 December 2019, there would be 48 half-hourly batches occurring between 00.30 am to 00:00 am every day regardless of a holiday or otherwise. As of 30 November 2019, NEFT facilities were available at 1,48,477 branches/offices of 216 banks across the country and online through the website of NEFT-enabled banks. NEFT has gained popularity due to the ease and efficiency with which the transactions can be concluded. There is no limit – either minimum or maximum – on the amount of funds that can be transferred using NEFT.",open_qa Name different corporate messaging applications companies use.,,"Corporate messaging applications companies use include Slack, Teams, and Google Chat.",open_qa What is the largest coral reef system in the world?,"The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system, composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2,300 kilometres (1,400 mi) over an area of approximately 344,400 square kilometres (133,000 sq mi). The reef is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland, Australia, separated from the coast by a channel 100 miles wide in places and over 200 feet deep. The Great Barrier Reef can be seen from outer space and is the world's biggest single structure made by living organisms. This reef structure is composed of and built by billions of tiny organisms, known as coral polyps. It supports a wide diversity of life and was selected as a World Heritage Site in 1981. CNN labelled it one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World in 1997. Australian World Heritage places included it in its list in 2007. The Queensland National Trust named it a state icon of Queensland in 2006. A large part of the reef is protected by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, which helps to limit the impact of human use, such as fishing and tourism. Other environmental pressures on the reef and its ecosystem include runoff of manmade pollutants, climate change accompanied by mass coral bleaching, dumping of dredging sludge and cyclic population outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish. According to a study published in October 2012 by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the reef has lost more than half its coral cover since 1985, a finding reaffirmed by a 2020 study which found over half of the reef's coral cover to have been lost between 1995 and 2017, with the effects of a widespread 2020 bleaching event not yet quantified. The Great Barrier Reef has long been known to and used by the Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander peoples, and is an important part of local groups' cultures and spirituality. The reef is a very popular destination for tourists, especially in the Whitsunday Islands and Cairns regions. Tourism is an important economic activity for the region, generating over AUD$3 billion per year. In November 2014, Google launched Google Underwater Street View in 3D of the Great Barrier Reef.","The world's largest coral reef system is The Great Barrier Reef and is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland, Australia. The Great Barrier Reef consists of over 900 islands and 2,900 individual reefs stretching for over 2,300 kilometres (1,400 mi) over an area of approximately 344,400 square kilometres (133,000 sq mi). The Great Barrier Reef can be seen from outer space and is the world's biggest single structure made by living organisms. This reef structure is composed of and built by billions of tiny organisms, known as coral polyps. In 1981 The Great Barrier Reef has been selected as a World Heritage Site.",information_extraction What is Ramadan?,"disambiguation). Ramadan رَمَضَان Ramadan montage.jpg From top, left to right: A crescent moon over Sarıçam, Turkey, marking the beginning of the Islamic month of Ramadan. Ramadan Quran reading in Bandar Torkaman, Iran. Community Iftar meal in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Tarawah prayers in a mosque in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Foods served at a traditional Iftar meal. Ramadan decorations in Jerusalem. Zakat donation boxes in Taipei, Taiwan. Also called Albanian: Ramazani Azerbaijani: Ramazan Bosnian: Ramazan Bengali: রমজান, romanized: Rômzan / Rômjan Hindi: रमज़ान, romanized: Ramzān Kurdish: ڕەمەزان, romanized: Remezan Persian: رمضان, romanized: Ramazān Malay: Puasa Pashto: روژه, romanized: Rozha Punjabi: رمضان / ਰਮਜ਼ਾਨ, romanized: Ramzān Somali: Rabadaan or Rabmadaan Thai: เราะมะฎอน, romanized: Romadon Turkish: Ramazan Sindhi: روزو Urdu: رمضان, romanized: Ramzān Zazaki: Remezan Observed by Muslims Type Religious Celebrations Community iftars and Community prayers Observances Sawm (fasting) Zakat and sadaqah (alms giving) Commemorating Qadr Night Reading the Quran Abstaining from all bad deeds and staying humble Taraweeh prayer (Sunni Muslims) Begins At the last night of the month of Sha'ban Ends At the last night of the month of Ramadan Date Variable (follows the Islamic lunar calendar) 2023 date 22 March – 21 April Frequency Annual (lunar calendar) Related to Eid al-Fitr, Qadr Night Ramadan (Arabic: رَمَضَان, romanized: Ramaḍān [ra.ma.dˤaːn]; also spelled Ramazan, Ramzan, Ramadhan or Ramathan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (sawm), prayer, reflection and community. A commemoration of Muhammad's first revelation, the annual observance of Ramadan is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam and lasts twenty-nine to thirty days, from one sighting of the crescent moon to the next. Fasting from dawn to sunset is fard (obligatory) for all adult Muslims who are not acutely or chronically ill, travelling, elderly, breastfeeding, diabetic, or menstruating. The predawn meal is referred to as suhur, and the nightly feast that breaks the fast is called iftar. Although fatwas have been issued declaring that Muslims who live in regions with a midnight sun or polar night should follow the timetable of Mecca, it is common practice to follow the timetable of the closest country in which night can be distinguished from day.",Ramadan is the holy month of fasting observed by Muslims yearly all over the world.During this month Muslims abstain from food from dawn till dusk for 29 days. Ramadan is also one of the key pillars of Islam.,closed_qa What movies made Seattle famous in the 1990s?,,"Three films were iconic and set in Seattle in the 1990s. Sleepless in Seattle (1993), Singles (1992) & Reality Bites (1994)",open_qa What is the Nazi foreign policy debate,,"The foreign policy and war aims of the Nazis have been the subject of debate among historians. The Nazis governed Germany between 1933 and 1945. There has been disagreement over whether Adolf Hitler aimed solely at European expansion and domination, or whether he planned for a long-term global empire.",open_qa "Given a reference text about the Battle of Thermopylae, tell me when the battle was fought, who the battle was between, how many Greek and Persian forces there were, how the Persian army was able to flank the Greek forces and who won the battle?","The Battle of Thermopylae (/θərˈmɒpɪliː/ thər-MOP-i-lee; Greek: Μάχη τῶν Θερμοπυλῶν, Máchē tōn Thermopylōn) was fought in 480 BC between the Achaemenid Persian Empire under Xerxes I and an alliance of Greek city-states led by Sparta under Leonidas I. Lasting over the course of three days, it was one of the most prominent battles of both the second Persian invasion of Greece and the wider Greco-Persian Wars. The engagement at Thermopylae occurred simultaneously with the Battle of Artemisium: between July and September 480 BC. The second Persian invasion under Xerxes I was a delayed response to the failure of the first Persian invasion, which had been initiated by Darius I and ended in 490 BC by an Athenian-led Greek victory at the Battle of Marathon. By 480 BC, a decade after the Persian defeat at Marathon, Xerxes had amassed a massive land and naval force, and subsequently set out to conquer all of Greece. In response, the Athenian politician and general Themistocles proposed that the allied Greeks block the advance of the Persian army at the pass of Thermopylae while simultaneously blocking the Persian navy at the Straits of Artemisium. Around the start of the invasion, a Greek force of approximately 7,000 men led by Leonidas marched north to block the pass of Thermopylae. Ancient authors vastly inflated the size of the Persian army, with estimates in the millions, but modern scholars estimate it at between 120,000 and 300,000 soldiers. They arrived at Thermopylae by late August or early September; the outnumbered Greeks held them off for seven days (including three of direct battle) before their rear-guard was annihilated in one of history's most famous last stands. During two full days of battle, the Greeks blocked the only road by which the massive Persian army could traverse the narrow pass. After the second day, a local resident named Ephialtes revealed to the Persians the existence of a path leading behind the Greek lines. Subsequently, Leonidas, aware that his force was being outflanked by the Persians, dismissed the bulk of the Greek army and remained to guard their retreat along with 300 Spartans and 700 Thespians. It has been reported that others also remained, including up to 900 helots and 400 Thebans. With the exception of the Thebans, most of whom reportedly surrendered, the Greeks fought the Persians to the death. Themistocles was in command of the Greek naval force at Artemisium when he received news that the Persians had taken the pass at Thermopylae. Since the Greek defensive strategy had required both Thermopylae and Artemisium to be held, the decision was made to withdraw to the island of Salamis. The Persians overran Boeotia and then captured the evacuated city of Athens. The Greek fleet—seeking a decisive victory over the Persian armada—attacked and defeated the invading force at the Battle of Salamis in late 480 BC. Wary of being trapped in Europe, Xerxes withdrew with much of his army to Asia, reportedly losing many of his troops to starvation and disease while also leaving behind the Persian military commander Mardonius to continue the Achaemenid Empire's Greek campaign. However, the following year saw a Greek army decisively defeat Mardonius and his troops at the Battle of Plataea, ending the second Persian invasion. Both ancient and modern writers have used the Battle of Thermopylae as a flagship example of the power of an army defending its native soil. The performance of the Greek defenders is also used as an example of the advantages of training, equipment, and use of terrain as force multipliers.","The Battle of Thermopylae was fought in 480 BC. The battle was fought between the Persian Empire, led by Xerxes I, and a combination of allied Greek city-states led by Leonidas I of Sparta. There were approximately 7,000 Greek men led by Leonidas I and an estimated 120,000 - 300,000 Persian soldiers led by Xerxes I. The Persian army was able to outflank the Greek army because a local person named Ephialtes informed the Persians that there was an unguarded path that lead behind the Greek lines. The Greek army made one final stand but ultimately were unsuccessful and were over taken by the Persian army.",closed_qa What are common swimming strokes?,,"The most common swimming strokes include the four strokes used in competition: freestyle (sometimes referred to as ""the crawl""), breast stroke, back stroke and butterfly. In addition, some people swim using a side stroke or a doggy paddle (which looks a lot like the stroke dogs use when swimming).",brainstorming What are the five biggest centers of Sufism?,"Sufism in Bangladesh is more or less similar to that in the whole Indian subcontinent. India, it is claimed, is one of the five great centers of Sufism, the other four being Persia (including central Asia), Baghdad, Syria, and North Africa. Sufi saints flourished in Hindustan (India) preaching the mystic teachings of Sufism that easily reached the common people, especially the spiritual truth seekers in India. Sufism in Bangladesh is also called pirism, after the pirs or teachers in the Sufi tradition (also called Fakir).","The five main centers of Sufism are India, Persia, Baghdad, Syria, and North Africa.",information_extraction Write a short paragraph to help convince someone to purchase an espresso machine.,,"For many people who start their day with coffee, a simple, ordinary cup just isn't enough to satisfy them. The most ardent of coffee hobbyists are often those who consume espresso and making espresso at home is the sign of a true aficionado. Making espresso requires specialized equipment including an espresso machine and an espresso-specific coffee grinder. While these are generally expensive pieces of equipment, the ability to fine-tune aspects of the espresso making process such as grind size and temperature can become an addictive hobby for those who are looking to pull the perfect espresso shot. Not to mention the ability to make a vast array of milk-based espresso drinks such as cappuccinos, lattes, flat whites and cortados at home can help save a lot of money.",creative_writing What is a group loan?,,"A lending mechanism which allows a group of individuals - often called a solidarity group to provide collateral or loan guarantee through a group repayment pledge. The incentive to repay the loan is based on peer pressure, if one group member defaults, the other group members make up the payment amount.",open_qa What is the Charles 'Chick' Evans Memorial Scholarship?,,"The Charles ""Chick"" Evans Memorial Scholarship is given to deserving young caddies that have demonstrated excellence in the classroom, in their community and on the golf course. It is a full tuition paid scholarship and includes paid housing. The scholarship was referenced in the famous movie 'Caddyshack'.",open_qa What are some arguments for decriminalizing people selling sex while criminalizing the purchasing of sex?,,"Sometimes minors are forced into prostitution, and should not be held criminally liable Many people in the sex trade want to leave that life and a criminal record impedes their progress Turning to prostitution is often the last resort of a person who is impoverished, and poverty should not be against the law If law enforcement depresses the demand for the sale of sex (by going after those who would buy sex), then prostitution rates may drop",brainstorming "Please classify each of the following as numbers or letters: 1, A, 5, B, C, D, 99, 88, -2, Z, E, 4",,"These are numbers: 1, 5, 99, 88, -2, 4. These are letters: A, B, C, D, Z, E.",classification What are the steps to perform breathing meditation?,,"The simplest, most elegant and accessible breathing meditation technique is called ""Sohum Sadhana"". The way to perform it is the following: 1. Sit in a comfortable posture. Any posture which you can maintain without unsure stress anywhere on the body is fine. 2. Close your eyes. 3. Breathe in and out as you normally would. 4. While inhaling, mentally recite the syllable ""So"", with a long ""o"", which stretches as long as inhalation action continues. 5. While exhaling, mentally recite the syllable ""hum"", with the ""um"" pronounced as in ""rum"". Let the ending ""m"" sound continue until the end of the exhalation action. 6. Keeps repeating steps 5 and 6 as long as you want.",brainstorming Where is Lake Manitou?,"Ivry-sur-le-Lac is a village and municipality in the Laurentides region of Quebec, Canada, part of the Les Laurentides Regional County Municipality. The municipality completely encompasses Lake Manitou which is a popular cottage vacation location. The village of Ivry-sur-le-Lac is located at the head of the north-east bay (Lacasse Bay), and the hamlet of Lac-Manitou-Sud is at the head of the south-east bay of Lake Manitou.","Lake Manitou is in Quebec Canada, in the municipality of Ivry-sur-le-Lac.",summarization What has been the idea of Atlanticism,"Atlanticism, also known as Transatlanticism, is the ideological belief in support for a close relationship between the peoples and governments of the allies to NATO in Northern America (the United States and Canada) and those in Europe (the countries of the European Union, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, etc.) on political, economic, and defense issues to the purpose of maintainining the security and prosperity of the participating countries and protect liberal democracy and the progressive values of an open society that unite them under multiculturalism. The term derives from the Atlantic Ocean, which is bordered by North America and Europe. The term can be used in a more specific way to refer to support for North Atlantic military alliances against the Soviet Union, or in a more expansive way to imply broader cooperation, perceived deeply shared values, a merging of diplomatic cultures, as well as a sense of community and some degree of integration between North America and Europe. In practice, the philosophy of Atlanticism encourages active North American, particularly American, engagement in Europe and close cooperation between states on both sides of the ocean. Atlanticism manifested itself most strongly during the Second World War and in its aftermath, the Cold War, through the establishment of various Euro-Atlantic institutions, most importantly NATO and the Marshall Plan. Atlanticism varies in strength from region to region and from country to country based on a variety of historical and cultural factors. It is often considered to be particularly strong in Eastern Europe, Central Europe, Ireland and the United Kingdom (linked to the Special Relationship). Politically, it has tended to be associated most heavily and enthusiastically but not exclusively with classical liberals or the political right in Europe. Atlanticism often implies an affinity for U.S. political or social culture, or affinity for Europe in North America, as well as the historical bonds between the two continents. There is some tension between Atlanticism and continentalism on both sides of the Atlantic, with some people emphasising increased regional cooperation or integration over trans-Atlantic cooperation. The relationship between Atlanticism and North American or European integrations is complex, and they are not seen in direct opposition to one another by many commentators. Internationalism is the foreign policy belief combining both Atlanticism and continentalism.","Atlanticism, also known as Transatlanticism, is the ideological belief in support for a close relationship between the peoples and governments of the allies to NATO in Northern America (the United States and Canada) and those in Europe (the countries of the European Union, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, etc.) on political, economic, and defense issues to the purpose of maintaining the security and prosperity of the participating countries and protect liberal democracy and the progressive values of an open society that unite them under multiculturalism. The term derives from the Atlantic Ocean, which is bordered by North America and Europe. The term can be used in a more specific way to refer to support for North Atlantic military alliances against the Soviet Union, or in a more expansive way to imply broader cooperation, perceived deeply shared values, a merging of diplomatic cultures, as well as a sense of community and some degree of integration between North America and Europe. In practice, the philosophy of Atlanticism encourages active North American, particularly American, engagement in Europe and close cooperation between states on both sides of the ocean. Atlanticism manifested itself most strongly during the Second World War and in its aftermath, the Cold War, through the establishment of various Euro-Atlantic institutions, most importantly NATO and the Marshall Plan. Atlanticism varies in strength from region to region and from country to country based on a variety of historical and cultural factors. It is often considered to be particularly strong in Eastern Europe, Central Europe, Ireland and the United Kingdom (linked to the Special Relationship). Politically, it has tended to be associated most heavily and enthusiastically but not exclusively with classical liberals or the political right in Europe. Atlanticism often implies an affinity for U.S. political or social culture, or affinity for Europe in North America, as well as the historical bonds between the two continents. There is some tension between Atlanticism and continentalism on both sides of the Atlantic, with some people emphasising increased regional cooperation or integration over trans-Atlantic cooperation. The relationship between Atlanticism and North American or European integrations is complex, and they are not seen in direct opposition to one another by many commentators. Internationalism is the foreign policy belief combining both Atlanticism and continentalism.",summarization What is a symphony?,,"A symphony is a musical composition that is played by a large orchestra that has anywhere between 50-80 instruments. The four movements of a symphony are an opening, a slow movement, a minuet, and then an allegro. Symphonies do not refer to the musician but rather the music that is being played harmoniously.",open_qa How do you make money?,,"There are many ways to make money. You can apply for job and perform a service that pays money. If you have a talent you might be able monetize that talent through performance like acting in movies or tutoring students. If you are creative and build and make things you could sell those things for money like furniture or custom artwork. If you still don't know how to make money then going back to school might be an option to learn a new trade skill such as welding, construction, or working on cars and boats.",open_qa How do compilers use IR?,"An intermediate language is the language of an abstract machine designed to aid in the analysis of computer programs. The term comes from their use in compilers, where the source code of a program is translated into a form more suitable for code-improving transformations before being used to generate object or machine code for a target machine.","Compilers translate the source code of a program to an intermediate representation (IR), which is a form more suitable for performing code transformations before generating object code for the target machine.",information_extraction "From given text, Please jot down some points about Richard D. Young","He was the Democratic leader of the state senate from 1996 to 2008, but he stepped down to explore a run for Governor of Indiana. From 2008 to 2014 Young served as the Minority Leader Pro Tempore. Young is also a co-founder and member of the Rural Caucus. Young served as the Ranking Democrat on the Agriculture and Natural Resources and Local Government committees.","1. From 1996 to 2008, Richard D. Young served as the Democratic leader of the state senate, but he resigned to consider running for governor of Indiana. 2. Young served as the Minority Leader Pro Tempore from 2008 until 2014. 3. Young joined the Rural Caucus as a member and co-founder. 4. Young served as the top Democrat on the committees for local government and agriculture and natural resources.",summarization What is a credit card?,,"A credit card is a payment card issued to users (cardholders) to enable the cardholder to pay a merchant for goods and services based on the cardholder's accrued debt (i.e., promise to the card issuer to pay them for the amounts plus the other agreed charges).The card issuer (usually a bank or credit union) creates a revolving account and grants a line of credit to the cardholder, from which the cardholder can borrow money for payment to a merchant or as a cash advance. There are two credit card groups: consumer credit cards and business credit cards. Most cards are plastic, but some are metal cards (stainless steel, gold, palladium, titanium), and a few gemstone-encrusted metal cards.",open_qa Who was Raghib Pasha?,"Isma'il ibn Ahmad ibn Hassan bani Yani (Arabic: إسماعيل بن أحمد بن حسن بني يني), known simply as Isma'il Ragheb Pasha (Arabic: إسماعيل راغب باشا) (1819–1884), was a Greek Ottoman politician who served as a Prime Minister of Egypt and held several other high-ranking government positions. Isma'il Ragheb was of Greek ancestry and was born in Greece on 18 August 1819 on either the island of Chios following the great massacre of Candia, Crete. After being kidnapped to Anatolia he was brought to Egypt as a slave by Ibrahim Pasha in 1830 and was converted to Islam. Immediately following his arrival, he studied at al-Maktab al-Amiri and obtained his advanced degree in 1834. He was fluent in Greek and was elevated to the rank of First Lieutenant by Egypt's viceroy Muhammad Ali Pasha. In 1836, he became head of the Accounting and Revenue Agencies. He was promoted to the rank of bikbashi (Lieutenant Colonel) in 1840, then kaymakam (Colonel) in 1844, and finally amiralay (Brigadier General) in 1846.[citation needed] He held the positions of Minister of Finance (1858–1860), then Minister of War (1860–1861).[citation needed] He became Inspector for the Maritime Provinces in 1862, and later Assistant (Arabic: باشمعاون) to viceroy Isma'il Pasha (1863–1865). He was granted the title of beylerbey and then appointed President of the Privy council in 1868. He was appointed President of the Chamber of Deputies (1866–1867), then Minister of Interior in 1867, then Minister of Agriculture and Trade in 1875.[citation needed] He again held the Finance portfolio in Muhammad Sharif Pasha's first government (1879). After the fall of Mahmoud Sami el-Baroudi's government, Isma'il Ragheb became Prime Minister of Egypt in 1882.[citation needed] Although his government was short-lived (it lasted from 17 June to 21 August only), it was the only one to present concrete programs. His achievements include the modernisation of the budget through the inventory of revenues and expenses, the Law on Salaries, and the La'eha Sa'ideyya as well as several agricultural laws.[citation needed] Isma'il Ragheb died in 1884.[citation needed]","Raghib Pasha was a Greek Ottoman politician who served in various roles in Egypt during the mid to late 1800s, including Prime Minister of Egypt for a brief period.",summarization What is a newspaper?,,"A newspaper is a daily printed publication delivered to your house or place of business. It is made our of folded sheets of printed paper, and it contains current and prior day events also called news. You will also find advertisements and different correspondences in it as well. It is a great way to stay up to date with current events, and you will have to pay to get a newspaper subscription delivered daily or weekly.",open_qa What is Barbacoa?,"Barbacoa is a form of cooking meat that originated in the Caribbean with the Taíno people, who called it by the Arawak word barbaca, from which the term ""barbacoa"" derives, and ultimately, the word 'barbecue"". In contemporary Mexico, it generally refers to meats or whole sheep or whole goats slow-cooked over an open fire or, more traditionally, in a hole dug in the ground covered with agave (maguey) leaves, although the interpretation is loose, and in the present day (and in some cases) may refer to meat steamed until tender. This meat is known for its high fat content and strong flavor, often accompanied with onions and cilantro (coriander leaf).","Barbacoa is a style of slow-cooking meat from the Caribbean area. In Mexico, it's generally used on sheep or goats that are buried in the ground and covered with leaves after roasting. Typical seasonings included onions and cilantro.",summarization What is game theory?,"Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions among rational agents. It has applications in all fields of social science, as well as in logic, systems science and computer science. Originally, it addressed two-person zero-sum games, in which each participant's gains or losses are exactly balanced by those of other participants. In the 21st century, game theory applies to a wide range of behavioral relations; it is now an umbrella term for the science of logical decision making in humans, animals, as well as computers.","Game theory is a scientific study of mathematical models and strategies. It has wide applications in all aspects of social science, system, and computer science that include zero-sum games and behavioral relations. Currently Game Theory is an umbrella term for decision making in humans, animals, and computers.",closed_qa "Without quoting directly from the text, give me a summary of what the show ""South Park"" is about.","South Park centers around four boys: Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman and Kenny McCormick. The boys live in the fictional small town of South Park, located within the real-life South Park basin in the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado, approximately a one-hour drive from Denver. The town is also home to an assortment of other characters, including students, families, elementary school staff, and other various residents. Prominent settings include South Park Elementary, various neighborhoods and the surrounding mountain range, actual Colorado landmarks, and the businesses along the town's main street, all of which are based on the appearance of similar locations in Fairplay, Colorado. As one of the few television programs set in the Mountain West region that takes place outside the urban core of Denver, South Park frequently features the unique culture of the region, including cattle ranchers, Old West theme parks, snowy climates, mountaineering, Mormons, real-life Colorado locations such as Casa Bonita and Cave of the Winds, and many other regionally specific characteristics. Stan is portrayed as the everyman of the group, described in official media as an ""average, American 4th grader."" Kyle is Jewish, and his portrayal as one of the few such people in South Park is often dealt with satirically. Stan is modeled after Parker, while Kyle is modeled after Stone. They are best friends, and their friendship, symbolically intended to reflect Parker and Stone's friendship, is a common topic throughout the series. Cartman (as he is commonly referred to) is amoral and increasingly psychopathic, and is commonly portrayed as an antagonist. His staunch antisemitism has resulted in a progressive rivalry with Kyle. Kenny, who comes from a poor family, tightly wears his parka hood to the point where it obscures most of his face and muffles his speech. During the first five seasons, Kenny died in almost every episode before reappearing in the next with no definite explanation. He was killed off in the fifth season episode ""Kenny Dies"", being reintroduced in the sixth season finale. Since then, Kenny is depicted as dying sporadically. During the first 58 episodes, the children were in the third grade. During the fourth season, they entered the fourth grade, where they have remained ever since. Plots are often set in motion by events, ranging from the fairly typical to the supernatural and extraordinary, which frequently happen in the town. The boys often act as the voice of reason when these events cause panic or incongruous behavior among the adult populace, who are customarily depicted as irrational, gullible, and prone to overreaction. They are frequently confused by the contradictory and hypocritical behavior of their parents and other adults, and often perceive them as having distorted views on morality and society.","""South Park"" is a comedic cartoon about four boys who live in a fictitious town called South Park, Colorado. The four boys are best friends and go on various adventures, where they run into situations that tackle moral and hypocritical situations they see from the adults in town. The show is a satire and often will center around a prevelant worldly topic.",summarization Write an email to my friend who lives in Minneapolis to help convince them to move to Austin Texas.,,"Austin Texas is a booming city in central Texas for many reasons that might appeal to you. There are many opportunities for career growth because of all the technology businesses that have chosen to move here. In the job market right now, it is helpful to be near these businesses in case you get laid off from your job. The weather is mild all throughout the winter, so you won't need to scrape snow and ice off of your car every day, although there have been a number of snow storms in the last couple years but they quickly melt and only last a day or two at a time. The summers get hot and can stay above 100 degrees Fahrenheit for weeks at a time. This may sound like a negative, but one of the best things about Austin is the access to water. Lady Bird Lake, sometimes called Town Lake, is actually a river that runs through the middle of the city. Paddle boarding, swimming in Barton Springs, and party boats on Lake Travis are all water related activities that are particularly fun for a young demographic. There is a vibrant music scene with many local bands and plenty of art related communities. The conscious community in Austin is growing as well through many different types of activities like ecstatic dance, authentic relating, and tantra. There is something for everyone in Austin. The city is a tourist destination with many bachelor and bachelorette parties choosing to visit. Austin also hosts SXSW and ACL, both of which draw many hundreds of thousands of visitors each year. The people are friendly, similar to Minneapolis. The tech scene feels a bit like the New York City hustle, while the West coast chill is present through the laid back, fun oriented lifestyle. You can find whatever you're looking for here, and it is worth spending time here to see how you can make the city your own.",creative_writing What is hot pot?,"Hot pot or hotpot (simplified Chinese: 火锅; traditional Chinese: 火鍋; pinyin: huǒguō; lit. 'fire pot'), also known as soup-food or steamboat, is a dish whereby a heat source placed on the dining table keeps a pot of soup stock simmering, and a variety of Chinese foodstuffs and ingredients are served beside the pot for the diners to put into the hot stock.","Hot pot is a traditional Chinese dish that you put all kinds of food such as sliced beef/lamp, seafood, vegetables, meatballs into a boiled seasoned soup until they are fully cooked",summarization Summarize this paragraph,"High rates of crime and violence in Latin America are undermining growth, threatening human welfare, and impeding social development, according to World Bank and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). According to the Financial Times, ""The region registers close to 40 per cent of the world’s murders despite being home to only 9 per cent of the global population. According to Lapop, one in four Latin Americans was assaulted and robbed"" in 2018. Latin America is caught in a vicious circle, where economic growth is thwarted by high crime rates, and insufficient economic opportunity contributes to high crime. Crime and violence thrives as the rule of law is weak, economic opportunity is scarce, and education is poor. Therefore, effectively addressing crime requires a holistic, multi-sectoral approach that addresses its root social, political, and economic causes. Recent statistics indicate that crime is becoming the biggest problem in Latin America. Amnesty International has declared Latin America as the most dangerous region in the world for journalists to work. In Mexico, armed gangs of rival drug smugglers have been fighting it out with one another, thus creating new hazards in rural areas. Crime is extremely high in all of the major cities in Brazil. Wealthy citizens have had to provide for their own security. In large parts of Rio de Janeiro, armed criminal gangs are said to be in control. Crime statistics were high in El Salvador, Guatemala and Venezuela during 1996. The police have not been able to handle the work load and the military have been called in to assist in these countries. There was a very distinct crime wave happening in Latin America. The city that currently topped the list of the world's most violent cities is San Pedro Sula in Honduras, leading various media sources to label it the ""murder capital of the world."" Colombia registered a homicide rate of 24.4 per 100,000 in 2016, the lowest since 1974. The 40-year low in murders came the same year that the Colombian government signed a peace agreement with the FARC. Crime is slowing economic growth and undermining democratic consolidation in Latin America. Today, Latin America has the dubious distinction of being most violent region in the world, with combined crime rates more than triple the world average and are comparable to rates in nations experiencing war. This is taking a tremendous toll on development in the region by both affecting economic growth and public faith in democracy. The Inter-American Development Bank estimates that Latin America's per capita Gross Domestic Product would be twenty-five percent higher if the region's crime rates were equal to the world average. Similarly, the World Bank has identified a strong correlation between crime and income inequality. Business associations in the region rank crime as the number one issue negatively affecting trade and investment. Crime-related violence also represents the most important threat to public health, striking more victims than HIV/AIDS or other infectious diseases.","Countries in Latin America are suffering from a high density of crime. This is thwarting their economic growth and undermining democratic consolidation. Such high rates of crime have been correlated with income inequality inherent in those regions. The solution to this situation lies in a multi-sectoral approach that addresses crime's root social, political, and economic causes.",summarization "Which of the following were recurring characters on The Sopranos: Carmela, Tony, Christopher, Jody, Natasha, Silvio, Adriana, Tom & Jerry, Jerry Seinfeld, George Costanza",,"The following were recurring characters on The Sopranos: Carmela, Tony, Christopher, Silvio, Adriana.",classification "In the given passage, List me some points about the TV show : Locke & Key","After Rendell Locke is murdered at the hands of former student Sam Lesser, his wife Nina decides to move with her three children, Tyler, Kinsey, and Bode, from Seattle to Matheson, Massachusetts, and take residence in Rendell's family home, Keyhouse. The children soon discover a number of mysterious keys throughout the house that can be used to unlock various doors in magical ways. They soon become aware of a demonic entity that is also searching for the keys for its own malevolent purposes.","1.When Nina’s husband Rendell was murdered by his own student Sam lesser, She moved with her family from Seattle to Matheson. 2.Nina with her three children, Tyler, Kinsey, and Bode moved to Rendell's family home, Keyhouse. 3.Throughout the house, children discovered a number of mysterious keys, that can be used to unlock various doors in magical ways. 4.Children soon become aware of a demons that were also searching the keys for malevolent purposes.",summarization Tell me about toys that can help children learn to write.,,"Toys that help children learn to write typically involve increasing their hand strength and gross motor skills: toys such as play-doh and blocks increase hand strength. Also, practicing writing letters in sand prepares them for the motion of writing.",brainstorming What is the Von Neumann architecture?,,"Nearly all modern computers are based on this famous architecture consisting of a central processing unit, a memory for storing instructions and data, and a bus to transmit data between components including input and output devices.",open_qa Can you give me some details about the moroccan geography ?,"Morocco has a coast by the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Spain to the north (a water border through the Strait and land borders with three small Spanish-controlled exclaves, Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera), Algeria to the east, and Western Sahara to the south. Since Morocco controls most of Western Sahara, its de facto southern boundary is with Mauritania. The internationally recognised borders of the country lie between latitudes 27° and 36°N, and longitudes 1° and 14°W. Adding Western Sahara, Morocco lies mostly between 21° and 36°N, and 1° and 17°W (the Ras Nouadhibou peninsula is slightly south of 21° and west of 17°). The geography of Morocco spans from the Atlantic Ocean, to mountainous areas, to the Sahara desert. Morocco is a Northern African country, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and the annexed Western Sahara. It is one of only three nations (along with Spain and France) to have both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines. A large part of Morocco is mountainous. The Atlas Mountains are located mainly in the centre and the south of the country. The Rif Mountains are located in the north of the country. Both ranges are mainly inhabited by the Berber people. At 446,550 km2 (172,414 sq mi), Morocco excluding Western Sahara is the fifty-seventh largest country in the world. Algeria borders Morocco to the east and southeast, though the border between the two countries has been closed since 1994. Spanish territory in Northwest Africa neighbouring Morocco comprises five enclaves on the Mediterranean coast: Ceuta, Melilla, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, Peñón de Alhucemas, the Chafarinas islands, and the disputed islet Perejil. Off the Atlantic coast the Canary Islands belong to Spain, whereas Madeira to the north is Portuguese. To the north, Morocco is bordered by the Strait of Gibraltar, where international shipping has unimpeded transit passage between the Atlantic and Mediterranean. The Rif mountains stretch over the region bordering the Mediterranean from the north-west to the north-east. The Atlas Mountains run down the backbone of the country, from the northeast to the southwest. Most of the southeast portion of the country is in the Sahara Desert and as such is generally sparsely populated and unproductive economically.","Morocco has a coast by the Atlantic ocean and the mediterranean sea. It's bordered by Spain, Algeria and Mauritania. The geography of Morocco spans from the Atlantic ocean , to mountainous areas to the Sahara desert. The Rif mountains are located in the North and The Atlas mountains are located mainly in the center and south of the country.",summarization Give me some ideas of kids items to stuff into Easter eggs.,,"Here are some kids items that you might consider for your next Easter egg hunt: stickers, playdoh, bouncy balls, bubbles, coins, special rocks or gems, candy, other small toys",brainstorming Where was Eric Church born?,"Church was born on May 3, 1977, in Granite Falls, North Carolina (Dudley Shoals area), to Ken and Rita Church. Church worked with his father at Clayton Marcus, a furniture upholstery company where his father was president. At 13, he bought a guitar and began writing songs of his own. By his senior year of high school, he had found a gig at a local bar, which occupied most of his time. He played many Jimmy Buffett cover songs and a few of his own original songs in some dive bars. Some of these places were so rough that he got into a few altercations from the stage. For a few years, the band played often in bars and restaurants throughout North Carolina.[citation needed] The band ""Mountain Boys"" consisted of his college roommate, brother, and a fellow guitarist. Before moving to Nashville, Eric graduated from South Caldwell High School and then Appalachian State University with a degree in marketing. Upon graduation, Church became engaged to a Spanish teacher in the town of Lenoir, North Carolina. The future bride's father attempted to persuade Church into a corporate career, which he rejected as an aspiring musician (and later referenced in his song ""What I Almost Was"" from his debut album). She broke the engagement and he headed to Nashville with his father's financial backing. His father also provided the opportunity to make contacts, and more importantly, time to focus on developing his songwriting ability.[citation needed]","Church was born on May 3, 1977, in Granite Falls, North Carolina (Dudley Shoals area), to Ken and Rita Church",summarization What is Remote Sensing?,,"Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object, in contrast to in situ or on-site observation. The term is applied especially to acquiring information about Earth and other planets. Remote sensing is used in numerous fields, including geophysics, geography, land surveying and most Earth science disciplines (e.g. exploration geophysics, hydrology, ecology, meteorology, oceanography, glaciology, geology); it also has military, intelligence, commercial, economic, planning, and humanitarian applications, among others. In current usage, the term remote sensing generally refers to the use of satellite- or aircraft-based sensor technologies to detect and classify objects on Earth. It includes the surface and the atmosphere and oceans, based on propagated signals (e.g. electromagnetic radiation). It may be split into ""active"" remote sensing (when a signal is emitted by a satellite or aircraft to the object and its reflection detected by the sensor) and ""passive"" remote sensing (when the reflection of sunlight is detected by the sensor).",open_qa What is DeFi?,,"Decentralized finance (often stylized as DeFi) offers financial instruments without relying on intermediaries such as brokerages, exchanges, or banks by using smart contracts on a blockchain. DeFi platforms allow people to lend or borrow funds from others, speculate on price movements on assets using derivatives, trade cryptocurrencies, insure against risks, and earn interest in savings-like accounts. DeFi uses a layered architecture and highly composable building blocks. Some applications promote high interest rates but are subject to high risk. Coding errors and hacks have been common in DeFi.",open_qa At what temperature does water boil?,,"While some say a ""watched pot never boils,"" water reaches its boiling point at 100 degrees celsius or 212 degrees fahrenheit.",open_qa Who went to space first?,,"Yuri Gagarin was the first human to go into space. However, animals were sent before that to test out.",brainstorming Who owns the canoe named The Island Bird?,"The Island Bird is a Chesapeake Bay log canoe, built in 1882, by William Sidney Covington in Tilghman, Maryland. She is a 27 ft 4 in (8.33 m) sailing log canoe with a racing rig, a sharp stem with a longhead bow, and a sharp, raking stern. She is one of the smallest boats in the active racing fleet, with a beam of only 5 ft 6.5 in (1.689 m). The boat is privately owned by the descendants of Mr. Covington and has been racing every season since 1949. She one of the last 22 surviving traditional Chesapeake Bay racing log canoes that carry on a tradition of racing on the Eastern Shore of Maryland that has existed since the 1840s. She is located at St. Michaels, Talbot County, Maryland.",The descendants of William Sidney Covington,closed_qa What is a grocery store?,,"A grocery store is a place that offers food and beverages to people for purchase. You can purchase raw ingredients for cooking, drinks for hydration, meat for barbecuing, raw fruits and vegetables, and pre-packaged foods like pizza, candy and ice cream. The food purchased at a grocery store is used to keep people alive, sustained, and healthy. Grocery stores may also be referred to as a supermarkets.",open_qa What are the best camps ideas for kids?,,"Kids camps cover many different activities, depending on the season, and the age of the children attending. Here are some fun camp ideas, that most kids will enjoy: 1. Sports camp - kids play different sports every day 2. Art camp - kids get a chance to use different materials to be creative 3. Sailing camp - if the child loves the water, sailing is a great activity to learn 4. Math & Reading camp - this might sound like school, but reading and math can be fun too, and specialized camps try to gamify these foundational academic skills 5. Adventure camp - give kids some freedom and a taste of the outdoors, adventure camps tend to involve hiking, kayaking or canoeing, exploring, and learning about the natural environment",brainstorming "Given these paragraphs about Natural hydrogen, what are some of its sources?","Natural hydrogen (known as white hydrogen), is naturally occurring molecular hydrogen on or in Earth (as opposed to hydrogen produced in the laboratory or in industry). The name white hydrogen distinguishes it from green hydrogen, which is produced from renewable energy sources, and from grey, brown or black hydrogen, which is obtained from fossil sources or from the electrolysis of water. Natural hydrogen may be renewable, non-polluting and allows for lower cost operation compared to industrial hydrogen. Natural hydrogen has been identified in many source rocks in areas beyond the sedimentary basins where oil companies typically operate. Origin of natural hydrogen There are several sources of natural hydrogen: - degassing of deep hydrogen from the Earth's crust and mantle; - reaction of water with ultrabasic rocks (serpentinisation); - contact of water with reducing agents in the Earth's mantle; - interaction of water with freshly exposed rock surfaces (weathering); - decomposition of hydroxyl ions in the structure of minerals; - Natural radiolysis of water; - decomposition of organic matter; - biological activity - Extraction - Natural hydrogen is extracted from wells, mixed with other gases such as nitrogen or helium. Several sources have been identified in France. Geologists Alain Prinzhofer and Eric Derville have demonstrated the existence of large reservoirs in a dozen countries, including Mali and the United States. However, their potential remains difficult to assess. Numerous emanations on the ocean floor have been identified but are difficult to exploit. The discovery of a significant emergence in Russia in 2008 suggests the possibility of extracting native hydrogen in geological environments. Geology Natural hydrogen is generated continuously from a variety of natural sources. There are many known hydrogen emergences on mid-ocean ridges. Another of the known reactions, serpentinisation, occurs under the sea floor (in the oceanic crust). Diagenetic origin (iron oxidation) in the sedimentary basins of cratons, notably in Russia. Other sources are being explored, such as mantle hydrogen, or hydrogen from radiolysis (natural electrolysis) or from bacterial activity. In France, the Alps and Pyrenees are suitable for exploitation. New Caledonia has hyperalkaline sources that show dihydrogen emissions. A large accumulation of natural hydrogen was discovered in Bourakebougou (Mali). Characteristics Dihydrogen is very soluble in fresh water, especially at depth (solubility increases with pressure). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_hydrogen","degassing of deep hydrogen from the Earth's crust and mantle; reaction of water with ultrabasic rocks (serpentinisation); contact of water with reducing agents in the Earth's mantle; interaction of water with freshly exposed rock surfaces (weathering); decomposition of hydroxyl ions in the structure of minerals; Natural radiolysis of water; decomposition of organic matter; biological activity; Extraction; Natural hydrogen is extracted from wells, mixed with other gases such as nitrogen or helium.",closed_qa On television what was Flipper,,Dolphin,open_qa Write a friendly email to my neighbor asking them to keep the noise down after 10pm on Weekdays.,,"Hi Neighbor! I hope this email finds you well and getting ready for the sunny spring weather. As the days grow longer, I wanted to ask you for a small favor: can you please try to keep the noise down after 10pm on weekdays? to be clear, I'm not suggesting we all live in libraries--just that external parties, loud music, and fireworks cease after 10pm on weekdays. I'm hopeful that 10pm represents a reasonable compromise between those socializing late and those waking up early. Let me know if you disagree and we can try to work out an alternative compromise. And by all means, please let us know if there are special occasions and/or considerations we should understand. Our goal is to maintain this healthy, thriving neighborhood. Thank you, Kevin",creative_writing What are the key points that can be extracted regarding antisemitism from the below text?,"In 1998, Ignatz Bubis, a leader of the German Jewish community, pointed to a ""spreading intellectual nationalism"" that made him fear a revival of German antisemitism. Others point to Germany's growing Muslim population, both the Turkish ""guest workers"" who began to arrive in the 1950s, and the large wave of migrants from the Muslim countries who arrive during the European migrant crisis that began in 2015. In 2002, the historian Julius Schoeps said that ""resolutions by the German parliament to reject antisemitism are drivel of the worst kind"" and ""all those ineffective actions are presented to the world as a strong defense against the charge of antisemitism. The truth is: no one is really interested in these matters. No one really cares.""","1. A prominent member of the German Jewish community, Ignatz Bubis, expressed his concern about the resurgence of antisemitism in his country in 1998 by pointing to a ""spreading intellectual nationalism."" 2. Others highlight the rising Muslim population in Germany, which includes both the 1950s-era ""guest workers"" from Turkey and the massive influx of Muslim refugees during the 2015–2016 European refugee crisis. 3. Julius Schoeps, a historian, stated in 2002 ""resolutions by the German parliament to reject antisemitism are drivel of the worst kind and all those ineffective actions are presented to the world as a strong defense against the charge of antisemitism.The truth is: no one is really interested in these matters. No one really cares"".",summarization What were the main results of applying statistical analysis to the English language?,"Information theory's fundamental contribution to natural language processing and computational linguistics was further established in 1951, in his article ""Prediction and Entropy of Printed English"", showing upper and lower bounds of entropy on the statistics of English – giving a statistical foundation to language analysis. In addition, he proved that treating whitespace as the 27th letter of the alphabet actually lowers uncertainty in written language, providing a clear quantifiable link between cultural practice and probabilistic cognition.",The main results of applying statistical analysis to the English language were establishing upper and lower bounds of entropy for it and that treating whitespace as a 27th letter of the alphabet lowers uncertainty.,summarization What is the Simpson family dog named?,,Santa's little helper,open_qa What TV show featured the Halliwell sisters that found they were witches that needed to battle demons and the forces of darkness?,,The TV Show Charmed featured the Halliwell sisters as the Charmed ones that manifested their family witch powers to battle the source of Evil and the forces of darkness.,open_qa What's the hardest mineral?,,Diamond is the hardest mineral on earth.,open_qa Where did Jon Rahm go to college?,"He attended Arizona State University on a golf scholarship, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Communications. There he won 11 college golf tournaments, which is second in school history, behind only Phil Mickelson's 16 collegiate wins.",Arizona State University,closed_qa "Given a reference text about Wagyu, tell me the different types of cattle that are together known as wagyu.","Wagyu Cattle were brought to Japan from China at the same time as the cultivation of rice, in about the second century AD, in the Yayoi period.: 209  Until about the time of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, they were used only as draught animals, in agriculture, forestry, mining and for transport, and as a source of fertilizer. Milk consumption was unknown, and – for cultural and religious reasons – meat was not eaten. Cattle were highly prized and valuable, too expensive for a poor farmer to buy.: 2  Japan was effectively isolated from the rest of the world from 1635 until 1854; there was no possibility of the intromission of foreign genes to the cattle population during this time. Between 1868, the year of the Meiji Restoration, and 1887, some 2600 foreign cattle were imported.: 7  At first, there was little interest in cross-breeding these with the native stock, but from about 1900, it became widespread. It ceased abruptly in 1910 when it was realised that, while the cross-breeds might be larger and have better dairy qualities, their working capacity and meat quality was lower.: 7  From 1919, the various heterogeneous regional populations that resulted from this brief period of cross-breeding were registered and selected as ""Improved Japanese Cattle"". Four separate strains were characterised, based mainly on which type of foreign cattle had most influenced the hybrids, and were recognised as individual breeds in 1944.: 8  They are collectively known as wagyū, and are:: 66 : 420  The Japanese Black (黒毛和種, kuroge washu), which constitutes over 90% of beef cattle in Japan; regional strains within the breed include the Tottori, Tajima, Shimane and Okayama. The Japanese Brown or Japanese Red (褐毛和種, akage washu or akaushi), the other main breed, representing about 5% of all beef cattle;: 17  reared in southern Japan, in Kōchi Prefecture on Shikoku island, and in Kumamoto Prefecture on Kyushu island.: 8  The Japanese Polled (無角和種, mukaku washu), found principally in Yamaguchi Prefecture: 8  The Japanese Shorthorn (日本短角和種, nihon tankaku washu), reared in northern Japan, mainly in Iwate Prefecture; it constitutes less than one percent of all wagyu cattle.[","The different types of cattle that are known as Wagyu are: - The Japanese Black - The Japanese Brown - The Japanese Polled - The Japanese Shorthorn",closed_qa "Tell me which of these things are used as rock climbing gear: lamps, guardrails, ropes, power cords, nuts, anchors, puppies, cams, belay devices.",,"Ropes, nuts, anchors, cams, belay devices.",classification Who won the 149th Boat Race?,"The 149th Boat Race took place on 6 April 2003. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford (in dark blue) and Cambridge (in light greenish blue) along a 4.2-mile (6.8 km) tidal stretch of the River Thames in south-west London. The lead changed twice during the race, which Oxford won by one foot (30 cm), the smallest margin of victory in the history of the event. The close race has been described as ""epic,"" while Olympic gold medalist Steve Redgrave suggested that the race was the ""greatest we will see in our lifetimes."" Umpired by the Boat Race veteran Boris Rankov, the 2003 race was the first to be scheduled on a Sunday. As a result of a collision between the Cambridge boat and a launch, a member of the Cambridge crew was replaced just two days before the race. This was the first Boat Race to feature two sets of brothers on opposing sides. In the reserve race Goldie beat Isis and Oxford won the Women's race.","The 149th Boat Race took place on April 6, 2003 and was held between the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. Oxford won the face by one foot (30 cm), making it the smallest margin of victory in the history of the event.",closed_qa Why is the Bay Area football team called the 49ers?,,"The ""49ers"" is the nickname for those who flocked to Northern California in 1849 hoping to take advantage of the gold rush. The 49ers were also the first NFL team, and in fact, the first major professional sports team to originate on the West Coast.",open_qa What is ICD-9 in medical terminology?,,"ICD-9 stands for International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision. The popular version that is in use is ICD-9-CM. ICD-9 is a set of codes used to communicate the diagnosis of a patient made by the doctor or a procedure ordered by a doctor. The standard terminology is followed across the industry so that different players or parts, like the hospitals, labs, payers, providers, all talk the common knowledge and have a common definition of what a particular diagnosis means.",open_qa What is New Zealand's most well-known wine that it produces?,,New Zealand is known for its Sauvignon Blancs.,open_qa What is Renaissance?,,"Renaissance is a time period in the European history where the central idea changed to Humanism which promotes that idea that Humans achievements should not only celebrated but also revered. Renaissance had a great impact on the European Art scene and acted revolutionized the way people's view towards art, education, music, science and religion. This also had long reaching impacts on social fabric of Europe and extended its influence on the worlds as a whole.",open_qa How is Tesla's approach to full autonomy is different from the other companies?,"Tesla's approach to achieve full autonomy is different from that of other companies. Whereas Waymo, Cruise, and other companies are relying on highly detailed (centimeter-scale) three-dimensional maps, lidar, and cameras, as well as radar and ultrasonic sensors in their autonomous vehicles, Tesla's approach is to use coarse-grained two-dimensional maps and cameras (no lidar) as well as radar and ultrasonic sensors. Tesla claims that although its approach is much more difficult, it will ultimately be more useful, because its vehicles will be able to self-drive without geofencing concerns. Tesla's self-driving software has been trained on over 20 billion miles driven by Tesla vehicles as of January 2021. Tesla also designed a self-driving computer chip that has been installed in its cars since March 2019.","Tesla uses e coarse-grained two-dimensional maps and cameras (no lidar) as well as radar and ultrasonic sensors whereas its competitors rely on highly detailed (centimeter-scale) three-dimensional maps, lidar, and cameras",closed_qa Is it safe to drink water out of a creek?,,"No, untreated surface water is typically not safe to drink, as it could contain bacteria or parasites that cause disease.",open_qa Where in France do claret wines come from,,Bordeaux,open_qa Which months were added to the calendar and why?,,"In order for the Roman calendar year which was ten months long, to be in sync with the lunar year, the months of January and February were added.",open_qa Is an apple a fruit or a vegetable,,A fruit,classification Name some famous rock bands from the San Francisco Bay Area.,,"Many famous rock bands have come from the San Francisco Bay area. These bands include the Grateful Dead, Journey, The Jefferson Airplane, Metallica, Santana, and Green Day.",open_qa What is a useful set of criteria to use when determining who has a lot of leadership potential in my team?,,"1. Aspiration. Does this person have a high degree of aspiration when compared to their peers? It takes a lot of risk and a lot of work to step up and grow into larger leadership responsibilities. Thus, it is important that a person has the desire to take that risk and to put in the work needed. 2. Capabilities. Has this person demonstrated uniquely strong leadership abilities, particularly in creating vision, setting strategy, and building great teams? Do they have a track record of setting direction and rallying followership? Are they a fast learner, quickly ramping to full performance when put in unfamiliar and increasingly more difficult jobs? Do they distinguish themselves as a thought leader, especially in ambiguous situations? Do they display high amounts of self-awareness and empathy, achieving results in a way that builds and strengthens relationships/ 3. Commitment and courage. Does the person have sufficient tenure, have they demonstrated a long-term commitment to the organization? Are they highly engaged? Do they help to engage and develop others? Do they have a track record of accomplishing impressive results oriented to the total organization’s results, not just their own job or silo? Have they demonstrated the tendency to take on tough, important assignments in difficult environments that broaden their experience? Do they have a track-record of rapid career progression into the larger more complex jobs every few years?",brainstorming What is Assembler?,,"An assembler program creates object code by translating combinations of mnemonics and syntax for operations and addressing modes into their numerical equivalents. This representation typically includes an operation code (""opcode"") as well as other control bits and data. The assembler also calculates constant expressions and resolves symbolic names for memory locations and other entities. The use of symbolic references is a key feature of assemblers, saving tedious calculations and manual address updates after program modifications. Most assemblers also include macro facilities for performing textual substitution – e.g., to generate common short sequences of instructions as inline, instead of called subroutines. Some assemblers may also be able to perform some simple types of instruction set-specific optimizations. One concrete example of this may be the ubiquitous x86 assemblers from various vendors. Called jump-sizing, most of them are able to perform jump-instruction replacements (long jumps replaced by short or relative jumps) in any number of passes, on request. Others may even do simple rearrangement or insertion of instructions, such as some assemblers for RISC architectures that can help optimize a sensible instruction scheduling to exploit the CPU pipeline as efficiently as possible.",open_qa "Without quoting directly from the text, provide me with a summary of the James Webb Space Telescope?","The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope currently conducting infrared astronomy. As the largest optical telescope in space, it is equipped with high-resolution and high-sensitivity instruments, allowing it to view objects too old, distant, or faint for the Hubble Space Telescope. This enables investigations across many fields of astronomy and cosmology, such as observation of the first stars, the formation of the first galaxies, and detailed atmospheric characterization of potentially habitable exoplanets. The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) led JWST's design and development and partnered with two main agencies: the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Maryland managed telescope development, while the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore on the Homewood Campus of Johns Hopkins University currently operates JWST. The primary contractor for the project was Northrop Grumman. The telescope is named after James E. Webb, who was the administrator of NASA from 1961 to 1968 during the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs. The James Webb Space Telescope was launched on 25 December 2021 on an Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou, French Guiana, and arrived at the Sun–Earth L2 Lagrange point in January 2022. The first JWST image was released to the public via a press conference on 11 July 2022. JWST's primary mirror consists of 18 hexagonal mirror segments made of gold-plated beryllium, which combined create a 6.5-meter-diameter (21 ft) mirror, compared with Hubble's 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in). This gives JWST a light-collecting area of about 25 square meters, about six times that of Hubble. Unlike Hubble, which observes in the near ultraviolet and visible (0.1 to 0.8 μm), and near infrared (0.8–2.5 μm) spectra, JWST observes a lower frequency range, from long-wavelength visible light (red) through mid-infrared (0.6–28.3 μm). The telescope must be kept extremely cold, below 50 K (−223 °C; −370 °F), such that the infrared light emitted by the telescope itself does not interfere with the collected light. It is deployed in a solar orbit near the Sun–Earth L2 Lagrange point, about 1.5 million kilometers (930,000 mi) from Earth, where its five-layer sunshield protects it from warming by the Sun, Earth, and Moon. Initial designs for the telescope, then named the Next Generation Space Telescope, began in 1996. Two concept studies were commissioned in 1999, for a potential launch in 2007 and a US$1 billion budget. The program was plagued with enormous cost overruns and delays; a major redesign in 2005 led to the current approach, with construction completed in 2016 at a total cost of US$10 billion. The high-stakes nature of the launch and the telescope's complexity were remarked upon by the media, scientists, and engineers.","The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope and the successor of the famous Hubble Space Telescope. The JWST was launched on the 25th of December, 2021. The JWST design was lead by North American Space Agency (NASA) in collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), John Hopkins University, The Goddard Space Flight Center (GFSC) and Northrup Grumman The JWST consists of 18 hexagonal shaped mirrors made of gold-plated beryllium creating a 6.5m diameter mirror giving it the ability to collect 6 times more light than the Hubble Space Telescope. The JWST has specialized instrumentation capable of detecting light at lower frequencies and longer wavelengths enabling it to detect light in the near to mid-infrared light spectrum range. The design of JWST started in 1996 and was plagued with enormous cost overruns and delays culminating in a redesign in 2005 which lead to the current final design of the JWST. The JWST is currently in a solar-orbit near the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point, approximately 1.5 million kilometers from earth.",summarization What is a DAW?,,"DAW is an acronym for Digital Audio Workstation. A DAW can either be a specialized digital hardware device (or multiple devices), or more commonly a software application, a computer, an audio interface and/or midi (musical instrument digital interface), all combined to enable digital recording, sampling, editing, mixing, and mastering of audio content. Software based DAWs come in many forms. Most are created to emulate the workflow of a traditional analog multi-track recording environment. However some DAWs are created to cater to the needs of electronic music creators, video content producers, and live performers. Once the domain of highly trained professionals who invested hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of dollars on expensive analog equipment to outfit large studios, high quality, grammy award winning audio content has been produced with modern equipment costing a few hundred dollars, connected to a laptop within a small bedroom studio in a content creator's home.",open_qa "From the paragraph below, give me a list of all the places where Leonardo lived and his areas of knowledge and scientific expertise.","Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 1452 – 2 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. While his fame initially rested on his achievements as a painter, he also became known for his notebooks, in which he made drawings and notes on a variety of subjects, including anatomy, astronomy, botany, cartography, painting, and paleontology. Leonardo is widely regarded to have been a genius who epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal, and his collective works comprise a contribution to later generations of artists matched only by that of his younger contemporary, Michelangelo. Born out of wedlock to a successful notary and a lower-class woman in, or near, Vinci, he was educated in Florence by the Italian painter and sculptor Andrea del Verrocchio. He began his career in the city, but then spent much time in the service of Ludovico Sforza in Milan. Later, he worked in Florence and Milan again, as well as briefly in Rome, all while attracting a large following of imitators and students. Upon the invitation of Francis I, he spent his last three years in France, where he died in 1519. Since his death, there has not been a time where his achievements, diverse interests, personal life, and empirical thinking have failed to incite interest and admiration, making him a frequent namesake and subject in culture.","Leonardo was educated in Florence where he spent his early life, but then moved to Milan to work at the service of Sforza's family. Later in his life he also worked in Rome and finally he moved to France where he passed away in 1519. Leonardo was a scientist famous for his studies and publications on a variety of subjects including anatomy, astronomy, botany, cartography, painting and mechanical engineering.",summarization Kindly provide a bullet list of key aspects of Cricket sport from the given passage.,"Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are ""out""). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information.","1. Cricket is a game played with bat and ball between 2 teams of 11 players each. 2. The game is played on a pitch of 22 yard which has a wicket (2 bails on 3 stumps) on both ends. 3. One team does batting another does bowling. 4. The batting side scores runs by striking the bowl and then running between wickets. 5. Bowling sides tries to prevent batting side from getting the ball leaving the field along with getting the bowl to either wicket so that batter can be dismissed. 6. Dismissal can happen when ball hits the stumps and throws the bails, fielders on bowling side catching the ball after hitting the bat but before hitting the ground or by hitting the wicket with the bowl before the batter can cross the crease in front of wicket. 7. When 10 batters are dismissed, the innings ends and roles of the teams are reversed. 8. The game is supervised by 2 umpires, a third umpire and match referee in international matches. 9. The umpires communicate with two off-field scores who records the match's statistical information",summarization Which institute is known as International money laundering watch dog?,,Financial Action Task Force (FATF),open_qa What is heterosis?,,"Heterosis, hybrid vigor, or outbreeding enhancement is the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring. An offspring is heterotic if its traits are enhanced as a result of mixing the genetic contributions of its parents. The heterotic offspring often has traits that are more than the simple addition of the parents' traits, and can be explained by Mendelian or non-Mendelian inheritance. Typical heterotic/hybrid traits of interest in agriculture are higher yield, quicker maturity, stability, drought tolerance, etc.",open_qa What is Microsoft Teams?,,"Microsoft Teams is communication platform that has functionality for email, video conferencing, peer chatting, file sharing, conversation and file search, and integration with Sharepoint and Onenote to name a few. Their closest competitor is Slack owned by SalesForce. All of these platforms mentioned above operate in real-time as well.",open_qa Provide 5 factors to consider when deciding where to live,,"Here are 5 factors to consider when deciding where to live: 1. Opportunities for employment 2. Cost of living 3. Weather 4. Proximity to family and friends 5. Things to do in the area",brainstorming What is a dig in baseball?,,"A ""dig"" or ""digging one out"" is an expression to describe a defensive player accepting a baseball with a motion that captures the ball very near the ground. This kind of expression is often, though not always, used to describe a first baseman catching a ball thrown by another player that bounces before it reaches them as they hold one foot on first base. This expression can also be used to describe another fielder, typically an infielder, to get a ball into their glove or hand that bounced near them or immediately before reaching them.",open_qa What was the united Arab republic?,"In 1958, Egypt and Syria formed a sovereign union known as the United Arab Republic. The union was short-lived, ending in 1961 when Syria seceded, thus ending the union. During most of its existence, the United Arab Republic was also in a loose confederation with North Yemen (or the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen), known as the United Arab States. In 1959, the All-Palestine Government of the Gaza Strip, an Egyptian client state, was absorbed into the United Arab Republic under the pretext of Arab union, and was never restored. The Arab Socialist Union, a new nasserist state-party was founded in 1962.",The United Arab Republic was formed in 1958 as a sovereign union by Egypt and Syria. Later in 1959 Gaza was part of the republic but it only lasted till 1961 when Syria seceded.,summarization What does BAFTA stands for ?,,British Academy of Film and Television Arts,open_qa What is the movie A Silence Voice about?,"The film covers elements of coming of age and psychological drama, dealing with themes of bullying, disability, forgiveness, mental health, suicide, and friendship of opposite sexes. It follows the story of a former bully turned social outcast, who decides to reconnect and befriend the deaf girl he had bullied years prior.","A Silent Voice is a Japanese animated film about a boy who used to bully a deaf girl, but was then shunned himself for bullying her. Years later, they reconnect and he tries to atone for his past. The film touches upon many charged topics especially prevalent in Japanese high schools from bullying to disability to suicide and mental health.",summarization How to raise a kitten?,,"When it comes to raise a kitten, it's like raising child. You need extra care and treat it with extra care. The first few months are a crucial time in shaping your kitten’s emotional and physical well-being. In the first 8 week, there're 4 things you should pay attention to, 1) Always keep kittens warm. Because kittens under four weeks of age do not have the ability to thermoregulate, you must help them maintain body warmth. A warmed Snuggle Safe disk at the opening of the cage or crate is a good idea. 2) Provide kittens with adequate nutrition. Kittens should gain about ½ ounce (14 grams) per day or 4 ounces (113 grams) per week. When feeding, The temperature of the formula before feeding should be warm to around 100oF or 38oC, but not too hot.3) Keep kittens clean. If kittens are orphaned and do not have a mom to regularly groom then, it is important to teach them to groom and keep them clean. It is okay to wash a kitten with warm water but focus only on the areas needing cleaned.4) Provide socialisation with people and with other kittens. It is good to get them used to contact with people when they're 3 weeks old. They could learn from their littermates and learning from their mom. Play is the best method to help them physically and socially develop.",open_qa What causes mortgage interest rates to rise in the US?,,"Mortgage rates are tied to many factors including the inflation, economic growth, and the Federal Reserve's (Fed) monetary policy. For instance, if the Fed increases rates, this usually results in increased mortgate rates since banks need to ensure that the loan can achieve better returns than investing in US bonds.",open_qa What is Violet Jessop well know for?,"Violet Constance Jessop (2 October 1887 – 5 May 1971), often referred to as the ""Queen of sinking ships"" or ""Miss Unsinkable,"" was an Argentine woman of Irish heritage who worked as an ocean liner stewardess, memoirist, and nurse in the early 20th century. Jessop is most well known for having survived the sinking of both the RMS Titanic in 1912 and her sister ship the HMHS Britannic in 1916, as well as having been onboard the eldest of the three sister ships, the RMS Olympic, when it collided with the British warship HMS Hawke in 1911.","Violet Jessop is well known for been onboard the RSM Olympic when it collided in 1911, and letter surviving the RMS Titanic in 1912, and the HMHS Britannic in 1916.",closed_qa When was the french revolution,The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799.,The French revolution started in 1789 and ended in November 1799,closed_qa Give me a list of south Indian breakfast dishes I should try.,,"Some of the south Indian breakfast dishes you could try are: * Dosa * Idly * Appam * Puttu * Vada * Pongal * Upma * Idiyappam * Uttappam",brainstorming How often do Germans vote?,,"Federal elections in Germany are held every four years. Germans also vote in the European election, which is conducted every five years. Furthermore, state elections are typically held every five years, but the dates are staggered between different states. Finally, referendums might occur irregularly. The voter turnout varies; an individual voter might not participate in an election.",open_qa How to lose weight?,,"1. Drink Plenty of water 2. Take proper sleep 3. Eat high fibre foods 4. Avoid junk foods 5. Eat Regular meals 6. Eat plenty of fruit and veggies 7. Exercise thrice a week",open_qa What are common florals found in Zigalga National Park?,"Zigalga National Park (Russian: Национальный парк «Зигальга») is located on the high Zigalga Ridge of the Southern Ural Mountains in Russia, on the transition between Europe and Siberia. Much of the territory is untouched by human activity and so supports Ice Age relict floral communities through all altitude zones - pine and birch forest, dark coniferous taiga, alpine meadows and mountain tundra. The park was officially created in 2019. The park is located in the Katav-Ivanovsky District of Chelyabinsk Oblast. Topography Ziglalga National Park connects two large protected areas on the main ridge of the Southern Urals, with Zyuratkul National Park to the northeast, and the South Ural Nature Reserve to the southwest. The park includes headwaters of the Yuryuzan River and the Kutkurka River. The highest point is at Mount Poperechnaya (1,387 metres (4,551 ft))","Zigalga National Park has the majority of its territory untouched by human activity and includes pine and birch forest, dark coniferous taiga, alpine meadows and mountain tundra.",closed_qa What is random access memory?,,"Random access memory (RAM) is a type of computer memory used to store data that can be accessed quickly. It is also known as dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and is used to store the instructions and data for a computer's operating system and applications. RAM is volatile memory, meaning it will lose its data if the power is turned off. It is also much faster than other types of memory such as hard disk drives and solid state drives.",open_qa What are the signs and symptoms of Sensory processing disorder?,"Sensory integration difficulties or sensory processing disorder (SPD) are characterized by persistent challenges with neurological processing of sensory stimuli that interfere with a person's ability to participate in everyday life. Such challenges can appear in one or several sensory systems of the somatosensory system, vestibular system, proprioceptive system, interoceptive system, auditory system, visual system, olfactory system, and gustatory system. While many people can present one or two symptoms, sensory processing disorder has to have a clear functional impact on the person's life: Signs of over-responsivity, including, for example, dislike of textures such as those found in fabrics, foods, grooming products or other materials found in daily living, to which most people would not react, and serious discomfort, sickness or threat induced by normal sounds, lights, ambient temperature, movements, smells, tastes, or even inner sensations such as heartbeat.Signs of under-responsivity, including sluggishness and lack of responsiveness. Sensory cravings, including, for example, fidgeting, impulsiveness, and/or seeking or making loud, disturbing noises; and sensorimotor-based problems, including slow and uncoordinated movements or poor handwriting. Sensory discrimination problems, which might manifest themselves in behaviors such as things constantly dropped. Symptoms may vary according to the disorder's type and subtype present. Sensory integration and processing difficulties can be a feature of a number of disorders, including anxiety problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),food intolerances, behavioural disorders, and particularly, autism spectrum disorders. This pattern of comorbidities poses a significant challenge to those who claim that SPD is an identifiably specific disorder, rather than simply a term given to a set of symptoms common to other disorders. Two studies have provided preliminary evidence suggesting that there may be measurable neurological differences between children diagnosed with SPD and control children classified as neurotypical or children diagnosed with autism. Despite this evidence, that SPD researchers have yet to agree on a proven, standardized diagnostic tool undermines researchers' ability to define the boundaries of the disorder and makes correlational studies, like those on structural brain abnormalities, less convincing.","While many people with Sensory processing disorder can present one or two symptoms, it has to have a clear functional impact on the person's life: Signs of over-responsivity, including, for example, dislike of textures such as those found in fabrics, foods, grooming products or other materials found in daily living, to which most people would not react, and serious discomfort, sickness or threat induced by normal sounds, lights, ambient temperature, movements, smells, tastes, or even inner sensations such as heartbeat.Signs of under-responsivity, including sluggishness and lack of responsiveness. Sensory cravings, including, for example, fidgeting, impulsiveness, and/or seeking or making loud, disturbing noises; and sensorimotor-based problems, including slow and uncoordinated movements or poor handwriting.",closed_qa What is mass spectrometry?,,"Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. The results are presented as a mass spectrum, a plot of intensity as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. Mass spectrometry is used in many different fields and is applied to pure samples as well as complex mixtures. A mass spectrum is a type of plot of the ion signal as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. These spectra are used to determine the elemental or isotopic signature of a sample, the masses of particles and of molecules, and to elucidate the chemical identity or structure of molecules and other chemical compounds. In a typical MS procedure, a sample, which may be solid, liquid, or gaseous, is ionized, for example by bombarding it with a beam of electrons. This may cause some of the sample's molecules to break up into positively charged fragments or simply become positively charged without fragmenting. These ions (fragments) are then separated according to their mass-to-charge ratio, for example by accelerating them and subjecting them to an electric or magnetic field: ions of the same mass-to-charge ratio will undergo the same amount of deflection. The ions are detected by a mechanism capable of detecting charged particles, such as an electron multiplier. Results are displayed as spectra of the signal intensity of detected ions as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. The atoms or molecules in the sample can be identified by correlating known masses (e.g. an entire molecule) to the identified masses or through a characteristic fragmentation pattern.",open_qa "Extract the most famous research of Mary Campbell Dawbarn, and put them in a list.","Mary Campbell ""Mollie"" Dawbarn (5 January 1902 – 24 May 1982) was an Australian biochemist and nutritional physiologist. She is particularly well known for here research on B complex vitamins. Producing an assay for vitamin b12 and perfecting the methods for estimating B1 vitamin in bread are among her most notable works.","- Producing an assay for vitamin b12 - Perfecting the methods for estimating B1 vitamin in bread",information_extraction How do you determine the market capitalization of a publicly traded company?,,The market capitalization of a publicly traded company is calculated by the share price multiplied by the number of outstanding shares.,open_qa Who did John Evelyn support during the English Civil War?,"Sir John Evelyn (1591–1664) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1628 and 1660. He reluctantly supported the Parliamentary side in the English Civil War. Evelyn was the son of Sir John Evelyn of Kingston, Godstone, Surrey and Marden, MP and his wife Elizabeth Stever, daughter of William Stever of Kingston upon Thames. He was baptised at Kingston upon Thames on 20 October 1591. He was admitted at Emmanuel College, Cambridge on 13 March 1606. He was a member of the Virginia Company in 1612 and of the East India Company in 1624. He was a JP for Surrey from 1624.",the Parliamentary side,closed_qa What is the population of Breezy Point city in Minnesota?,"Breezy Point is a city in Crow Wing County, Minnesota, United States. It is part of the Brainerd Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,346 at the 2010 census.","Breezy Point's population was 2,346 at the 2010 census.",closed_qa What are some things that I could gift a curious toddler?,,"Toddlers are at an age where they are very curious and are learning by observing and playing with things around them. Some toys that you could gift a curious toddler are: * Building blocks * Picture books * Simple puzzles * A scooter * Toys that play nursery rhymes * Balls of different sizes * Bubble gun ... and many more.",brainstorming What is blockchain technology?,"A blockchain is a distributed ledger with growing lists of records (blocks) that are securely linked together via cryptographic hashes.Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data (generally represented as a Merkle tree, where data nodes are represented by leaves). The timestamp proves that the transaction data existed when the block was created. Since each block contains information about the previous block, they effectively form a chain (compare linked list data structure), with each additional block linking to the ones before it. Consequently, blockchain transactions are irreversible in that, once they are recorded, the data in any given block cannot be altered retroactively without altering all subsequent blocks.","A decentralized, distributed ledger that securely and openly records transactions is defined. Blockchain technology was first introduced with the launch of Bitcoin in 2008 and has since grown to be used in a wide range of applications. Technical details: Blockchain secures and verifies transactions using cryptography and hashing, and validates them using consensus techniques. Applications: In addition to cryptocurrencies, blockchain has been utilized in supply chain management, voting systems, smart contracts, and other areas. Limitations: Blockchain is criticized for using a lot of energy and for having problems scaling.",summarization What is a Tommy John Surgery?,"Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction, colloquially known as Tommy John surgery (TJS), is a surgical graft procedure where the ulnar collateral ligament in the medial elbow is replaced with either a tendon from elsewhere in the patient's body, or with one from a deceased donor. The procedure is common among collegiate and professional athletes in several sports, particularly in baseball.","A surgical graft procedure where the ulnar collateral ligament in the medial elbow is replaced with either a tendon from elsewhere in the patient's body, or with one from a deceased donor.",information_extraction List five happy words,,"Elated, joyful, amused, grateful, ecstatic all evoke happiness",brainstorming Name some popular breakfast foods in the United States,,"In the United States of America popular breakfasts include bacon and eggs, waffles, French toast, cereal and pancakes",open_qa What is the Jones-Connally Act?,"The Jones–Connally Act was a New Deal Initiative passed by Congress in April 1934 as an extension to the Agricultural Adjustment Act. Largely in response to the great drought of 1933–1934, cattle ranchers acted against their former opposition to the commodification of cattle and appealed to the government for assistance in ridding of themselves of the millions of cattle they could no longer afford to feed or to keep alive without a loss on return.",The Jones–Connally Act was passed by the US Congress in April 1934. It was an extension to the Agricultural Adjustment Act. It was part of the New Deal and was in response to the drought of 1933-1934. It made cattle a basic commodity giving the government authority over the distribution and processing of the cattle for public relief purposes.,summarization which countries has the most diverse food?,,"Countries with vast areas with various geological structures, profound histories, or chill life styles usually have a wide diversity of food choices. For example, China has 3.7 million square miles area and over 50 different ethnitical groups. Each ethnicity has its own culture and living styles, thus different cuisine styles and tastes. The United States is another example with almost 3.8 million square miles of area and immigrants from all over the world. As a results, the immigrants and their descendants bring in food culture from their original heritage that creates a huge variety of choices in the US. South European areas like Rome have stellar reputation for their food too. When it comes to pizza, pasta, seafood, coffee and gelato, no one could say no when visiting Italy.",brainstorming What checks should be done when a data pipeline fails,,"Generally data pipelines have sources, transformations and targets. First, check for errors on sources. Second, check for errors on transformations built in pipeline. Third, check for errors on targets. Further, check for errors on underlying infrastructure of the pipeline such as network, authentication and memory systems.",brainstorming what is north america,North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere.,"North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea, and to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean. Because it is on the North American Tectonic Plate, Greenland is included as a part of North America geographically.",summarization What made Jackson decide to pursue acting?,"In Seattle, Jackson worked as an ad executive at a magazine and did some theater work on the side, earning his Equity card. ""As soon as I found out what theater was, what Broadway was, I thought, 'Oh, that's what I'll do with my life.' Just a matter of getting all the pieces in place"", he said. Inspired to rethink his career after the September 11 attacks, he moved to New York City to pursue his dream of being an actor: ""[Acting] was something I always wanted to do but I was too scared and didn't have the confidence. 9/11 changed everything for all of us. It gave me the urgency.""",The occurrence of the September 11 attacks,closed_qa What is the significance of a diploma?,"A diploma is a document awarded by an educational institution (such as a college or university) testifying the recipient has graduated by successfully completing their courses of studies. Historically, it has also referred to a charter or official document of diplomacy.",A diploma testifies the recipient has graduated by successfully completing their courses of studies.,closed_qa What techniques are used to male dried fruit?,"Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators. Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating back to the fourth millennium BC in Mesopotamia, and is prized because of its sweet taste, nutritive value and long shelf life. Today, dried fruit consumption is widespread. Nearly half of the dried fruits sold are raisins, followed by dates, prunes, figs, apricots, peaches, apples, and pears. These are referred to as ""conventional"" or ""traditional"" dried fruits: fruits that have been dried in the sun or in heated wind tunnel dryers. Many fruits such as cranberries, blueberries, cherries, strawberries, and mango are infused with a sweetener (e.g. sucrose syrup) prior to drying. Some products sold as dried fruit, like papaya, kiwifruit and pineapple, are most often candied fruit. Dried fruits retain most of the nutritional value of fresh fruits. The specific nutrient content of the different dried fruits reflects their fresh counterpart and the processing method.","Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators.",information_extraction Who regulates companies in Australia?,,"The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) regulates financial services and consumer credit, and authorised financial markets operating in Australia.",open_qa How can I decide what bike I should get?,,"When it comes to bicycles for adults, there are different kinds available in the market. Select a bike based on how you'd like to use it. Bikes can be categorized as follows: 1. Road bikes - These bikes have super thin tires and are often used for biking on roads. These help you attain high speeds relatively quickly. 2. Mountain bikes - These bikes are made to sustain the rough terrain that you could come across while biking. The tires are much thicker and made to protect you and give you the support you need. 3. Hybrid/Commuter bikes - These bikes fall into the middle of the above 2 categories. If you think you might do a bit of road biking and mountain biking, then this might be your best option. You can also go to a store that specializes in selling and repairing bikes to get more information.",open_qa "As Chancellor for the Universities of Uppsala and Lund, what did De Geer promote?","In 1876 De Geer became the first Prime Minister of Sweden following a reform where the previous offices of Prime Minister for Justice (which he held at the time) and Prime Minister for Foreign Affairs were changed into Minister for Justice and a Minister for Foreign Affairs. He served until April 1880, when the failure of his repeated efforts to settle the armaments issue again induced him to resign. From 1881 to 1888 he was Chancellor for the Universities of Uppsala and Lund. He was an advocate of free trade and economic liberalism. Some argue that it was De Geer who laid the foundations for the strong economic growth in Sweden from 1870 to 1970.","While holding this position, De Geer promoted free trade and economic liberalism.",information_extraction What are microservices?,,"Microservices are an architectural and organizational approach to software development where software is composed of small independent services that communicate over well-defined APIs. These services are owned by small, self-contained teams.",open_qa "From the passage below, please extract the official starting date of the United States Space Force.","The U.S. Space Force traces its roots to the beginning of the Cold War, with the first Army Air Forces space programs starting in 1945. In 1954, the Western Development Division, under General Bernard Schriever, was established as the first dedicated space organization within the U.S. Armed Forces and continues to exist as the Space Force's Space and Missile Systems Center. Military space forces were organized under several different Air Force major commands until they were unified when Air Force Space Command was established on 1 September 1982. U.S. space forces first began conducting combat support operations in the Vietnam War and continued to provide satellite communications, weather, and navigation support during the 1982 Falklands War, 1983 United States invasion of Grenada, 1986 United States bombing of Libya, and 1989 United States invasion of Panama. The first major employment of space forces culminated in the Gulf War, where they proved so critical to the U.S.-led coalition that it is sometimes referred to as the first ""space war"". The first discussions of creating a military space service occurred in 1958, and it was nearly established in 1982 by President Ronald Reagan as part of the Strategic Defense Initiative, but the idea dissolved with treaty compliance concerns. A 2001 Space Commission argued for the creation of a Space Corps around 2007–2011, but no action was taken by the Obama Administration. On 20 December 2019, the United States Space Force Act was signed into law as part of the National Defense Authorization Act, reorganizing Air Force Space Command and other space elements into the United States Space Force, and creating the first new independent military service since the Army Air Forces were reorganized as the U.S. Air Force in 1947.","The United States Space Force Act was signed into law as part of the National Defense Authorization Act on December 20, 2019. This act reorganized the Air Force Space Command and other space elements into the United States Space Force, and officially created the first new independent military service since the Army Air Forces were reorganized as the U.S. Air Force in 1947.",information_extraction What is the best boba order to place from a local boba store for a company that has around 300 employees in the office?,,"In order to serve up to 300 people, it's best to order a couple of different tea flavors to fit everyone's taste. People may also have different sweetness and ice preferences, but it can be hard to account for so many preferences, so a good default would be to set every drink to half sweetness and half ice. A possible order could be: 20 cups of black milk tea, 20 cups of green milk tea, 20 cups of oolong milk tea, 20 cups of mango green tea, 20 cups of passionfruit green tea, 20 cups of matcha latte, 20 cups of taro milk tea, and 20 cups of Thai milk tea. It's best to ask for the boba on the side so that it stays fresh during delivery. Since this is a local store, it would be also wise to place the order ahead of time so that they aren't overwhelmed with the order size. This order accounts for many different tastes and reduces the likelihood of over-ordering, as it's possible that not all employees will want boba.",creative_writing "Given a reference text about LIV Golf, tell me what ""LIV"" means, when it was started and who financed it.","LIV Golf is a professional golf tour. The name ""LIV"" refers to the Roman numerals for 54, the score if every hole on a par-72 course were birdied and the number of holes to be played at LIV events. The first LIV Golf Invitational Series event started on 9 June 2022, at the Centurion Club near London, England. The Invitational Series became the LIV Golf League in 2023. LIV Golf is financed by the Public Investment Fund, the sovereign wealth fund of Saudi Arabia.",LIV refers to the Roman numerals for 54. The first tournament was hosted June 2022 and s funded by the wealth fund of Saudi Arabia,closed_qa What is celiac disease?,,"Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease that is hereditary, not to be confused with gluten intolerance. Celiac disease is an immune response to consuming gluten, a protein found in barley, rye, and wheat, which impacts nutrient absorption and immunity when consumed.",open_qa What is the best way to answer an interview question?,,"The first recommended step is to ask clarifying questions to ensure you understand the question correctly and gather the requirements needed to answer effectively. If it is a mathematical or computer science question, go ahead and work your way through the problem while you verbalize your thought process along the way. If it is a situation question, you should use the STAR method. 1. Situation - set the scene and provide context, 2. Task - describe what was needed to be done and why, 3. Action - explain what action you took, and 4. Result - describe the result of your actions and what you learned from the experience",creative_writing Is it easy for American technology companies to open an office in Dubai?,"Dubai has also developed Internet and Media free zones, offering 100% foreign ownership, no tax office space for the world's leading ICT and media companies, with the latest communications infrastructure to service them. Many of the world's leading companies have now set up branch offices, and even changed headquarters to there.","Yes, the United Arab Emirates - especially the Emirate of Dubai - is investing heavily in diversifying their economy away from their previous reliance on Petroleum and natural gas exports and revenue. This has resulted in investments to grow tourism, creating a regulatory environment to attract financial services into Dubai and developing free zones to attract technology and media companies to invest in opening offices and hiring people in the country. These free zones enable foreign technology companies to own 100% of the local subsidiary, and benefit from tax free office space supported by latest communications infrastructure to create regional headquarters supporting their broader Middle East and Africa customers and operations.",information_extraction Tell me some children's songs that I might use for a class.,,"There are a number of popular and well-known children's song for classroom activities, such as 'I'm a Little Teapot', 'Three Blind Mice', 'The Grand Old Duke of York', 'Head, Shoulders, Knees and Toes' and ' Old Macdonald Had a Farm'.",brainstorming "Based on the following paragraph about the campuses of the University of Georgia, which types of trees can be found on the campus?","The campuses' dominant architectural themes are Federal, Classical and Antebellum style. Though there have been many additions, changes, and augmentations, the University of Georgia's campus maintains its historic character. In 2000, the entire campus was designated as an arboretum, the University of Georgia Campus Arboretum. It is estimated to be home to about 9,000 trees with over 154 identified species including native trees such magnolias, red oaks, white oaks, and beeches, as well as non-native trees such as the North Africa Atlas cedar, the Chinese parasol and royal paulownia, and the Japanese zelkova and black pine","On the campuses of the University of Georgia one can find native tree species such as magnolias, red oaks, white oaks, and beeches. There are also non-native tree species to be found such as the North Africa Atlas cedar, the Chinese parasol and royal paulownia, and the Japanese zelkova and black pine.",closed_qa What is an egg laying mammal?,"The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), sometimes referred to as the duck-billed platypus, is a semiaquatic, egg-laying mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania. The platypus is the sole living representative or monotypic taxon of its family (Ornithorhynchidae) and genus (Ornithorhynchus), though a number of related species appear in the fossil record.",Duck-billed platypus is an egg-laying mammal found in eastern Australia. It is the sole living representative in its genus Ornithorhynchus.,summarization What is the Altair based on the paragraph?,"Childhood friends Bill Gates and Paul Allen sought to make a business using their skills in computer programming. In 1972, they founded Traf-O-Data, which sold a rudimentary computer to track and analyze automobile traffic data. Gates enrolled at Harvard University while Allen pursued a degree in computer science at Washington State University, though he later dropped out to work at Honeywell. The January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics featured Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems's (MITS) Altair 8800 microcomputer, which inspired Allen to suggest that they could program a BASIC interpreter for the device. Gates called MITS and claimed that he had a working interpreter, and MITS requested a demonstration. Allen worked on a simulator for the Altair while Gates developed the interpreter, and it worked flawlessly when they demonstrated it to MITS in March 1975 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. MITS agreed to distribute it, marketing it as Altair BASIC.: 108, 112–114  Gates and Allen established Microsoft on April 4, 1975, with Gates as CEO, and Allen suggested the name ""Micro-Soft"", short for micro-computer software. In August 1977, the company formed an agreement with ASCII Magazine in Japan, resulting in its first international office of ASCII Microsoft. Microsoft moved its headquarters to Bellevue, Washington, in January 1979.","The Altair as mentioned in the paragraph was a microcomputer developed by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems's (MITS). Its official name was the ""Altair 8800 microcomputer"". Altair BASIC was an interpreter that Bill Gates developed and demonstrated to MITS in March 1975 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Paul Allen also worked on a simulator for the Altair.",information_extraction What is the process called by which matter is converted from a solid directly into gas?,,Sublimation,open_qa "Tell me whether these animals are domesticated or not domesticated: cats, sheep, bald eagle, whale, dog, bat",,"Cats, dogs, and sheep are domesticated. Bald eagles, whales, and bats are not domesticated",classification What did George Dantzig develop?,,"Dantzig is known for his development of the simplex algorithm, an algorithm for solving linear programming problems, and for his other work with linear programming. In statistics, Dantzig solved two open problems in statistical theory, which he had mistaken for homework after arriving late to a lecture by Jerzy Neyman.",open_qa What is a pronoun?,,"A pronoun is word which is used to refer to something when a noun is not used. Examples of pronoun words are he, she, it, myself, herself, and himself. In a sentence you will see the pronoun used like this ""John went the store to buy himself and apple and crackers."" In this context John is a proper noun and the pronoun is himself which refers to John. Another way to consider a pronoun is that it is a less explicit or indirect reference to something.",open_qa "Given a reference text about the Mauritius fody, tell me what they look like.","The Mauritius fody (Foudia rubra) is a rare species of bird in the weaver family. It is endemic to the island of Mauritius. It is classified by BirdLife International as being endangered. It is also on the United States' Endangered Species List with an endangered status. This bird is 14 centimeters long. Breeding males are olive brown with a red head, breast and rump patch and black lores. While females, non-breeding males and juveniles are olive brown with white wing bars and a brown bill. The bird lives in several types of forest, including degraded areas, as well as plantations. Stands of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) have replaced native vegetation and now provide protection against predators. It feeds on insects like grasshoppers, beetle larvae, caterpillars, and also spiders. Berries are eaten regularly by some individuals. It feeds on nectar regularly, using its specialised brush-tipped tongue. The bird is a weaver, the male and female cooperating to weave each nest, from material like grass, moss and small twigs.","Male and female Mauritius fody birds have different appearances. Breeding males are olive brown with red heads, breast and rump patches, and black lores. Females and non-breeding males are olive brown with white wing bars and brown bills.",closed_qa What is AWS EKS?,,Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) is a managed Kubernetes service that makes it easy for you to run Kubernetes,open_qa What was Tyson Fury's fight record as an amateur?,"As an amateur, Fury represented both England and Ireland. Fury represented Ireland three times at international level. He was based out of the Holy Family Boxing Club in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and later switched to the Smithboro Club in County Monaghan, Ireland. In a double international match against an experienced Polish team in 2007, the Irish team lost 12–6 overall; Fury, however, was victorious in both his fights in Rzeszów and Białystok. In another Irish match against the US, Fury won his bout by knockout. He won bronze at the AIBA Youth World Boxing Championships in 2006. In England, while representing Jimmy Egan's Boxing Academy in Wythenshawe, Manchester, he participated in the senior national championships in 2006 but was beaten by David Price 22–8. In May 2007, he won the EU Junior Championship, defeating Istvan Bernath in the final. In July 2007 he won silver at the European Junior Championship, losing to Maxim Babanin in the final. As a junior, Fury was ranked number three in the world behind the Russians Maxim Babanin and Andrey Volkov, but did not get the chance to represent Great Britain at the 2008 Olympics because each country is restricted to one boxer per weight division and David Price was selected. Price came up through the amateur Olympic programme. Fury also unsuccessfully tried to qualify for Ireland. Speaking in 2011, Fury said ""I should have gone to the Olympic games in 2008 and won a gold medal for Ireland, but I was denied the chance to go and do it"" He was also forced to withdraw from the Irish national championships after officials from the Holy Trinity Boxing Club in West Belfast, the club of the then Irish amateur heavyweight champion, submitted a protest regarding his eligibility as he was not born in Ireland. Fury won the ABA super-heavyweight title in 2008 by defeating Damien Campbell 19:1. He turned professional later that year. Feeling disillusioned with amateur boxing, he decided not to wait for the 2012 Olympics. He finished with an amateur record of 31–4 (26 KOs).",He finished with an amateur record of 31–4 (26 KOs,closed_qa How to be rich?,,"While many people aspire to become rich, the reality is that it's an elusive dream for most of all, as less than 1% of the population ever achieve true wealth. It's important to acknowledge that not everyone can become rich, and that financial success is not the only measure of a fulfilling life. However, having a job that can sustain your daily life and your family is a good starting point. From there, you can think about ways to promote yourself and increase your income. It's also important to remember that richness is not just about money; emotional wealth, such as living a happy and fulfilling life and having no regrets, is also a form of richness.",brainstorming Come up with the best way to build a sales pipeline,,"There are a number of ways that a sales representative can build up their sales pipeline, or funnel. What it comes down to is that you need to have the activity levels that will support having a minimum of a 3:1 pipeline to goal ratio. This can be done through cold calling, LinkedIN messaging, referrals, or email, etc",brainstorming "Given the biography of Nemacolin, what years did George Washington use Nemacolin's Path?","The son of Checochinican (Chickoconecon), chief of the Fish Clan of the Turtle tribe, Nemacolin was born near the Brandywine Creek, probably close to the Swedish trading post at Fort Christina that later became Wilmington, Delaware. By a treaty with William Penn in 1726, various tribes either rented or gave up their land on both sides of Brandywine Creek. Nemacolin likely grew up near Shamokin, Pennsylvania, a village near the Susquehanna River to which the Delaware had retreated when faced with disease and colonization of their traditional lands by white settlers. His family grew to know trader Thomas Cresap, and moved south and west with the Cresap family, likely after a controversy between groups of settlers aligned with the colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania known as Cresap's War. Circa 1750, Cresap received instructions to improve the Native American path across the Appalachian Mountains through the Cumberland Narrows. He hired Nemacolin and his two sons, among others, to complete the task between Will's Creek (a trading post on a tributary of the Potomac River later the site of Fort Cumberland) and the mouth of Redstone Creek on the Monongahela River (a tributary of the Ohio River) which later became Redstone Old Fort and even later Brownsville, Pennsylvania. A side trail led to the residence of Christopher Gist. Gist led George Washington along Nemacolin's Path in 1753 and 1754. It was later improved to permit supply wagons for General Edward Braddock's army, and the General ultimately died on the route in 1755 after the disastrous Battle of the Monongahela near present day Pittsburgh. About 1759, as the war ended, Nemocolin reblazed the path to the residence of James Burd which became Fort Burd and later renamed Redstone Old Fort. Another branch went to Uniontown, Pennsylvania.",George Washington was led by Christopher Gist along Nemacolin's Path in 1753 and 1754,closed_qa "Choose the word which is different from the rest: Mother, Friend, Sister, Father, Brother",,Friend is a term reflecting a bond that is not genetic,classification Should I become an influencer?,,"It is important to consider several factors when thinking about becoming an influencer. Influencers usually have a defined niche, and can make up to six figures or more creating content about it. However, at least in the beginning, your income will likely not come in a steady manner, and you may even be investing more into getting set up than you may be earning in return. The work happens in a freelance manner - if you like setting your own schedule this could appeal to you, but the flip side would be that your work bleeds more into your weekends and evenings. Some people also would love the idea of pursuing their hobbies and interest full time, but when they have to treat it as their job, soon become disenchanted. In summary, your decision to become an influencer should be based on your financial situation, risk tolerance, and personal working style and interests.",open_qa "Tell me which animals are bigger than the average human: Dog, Mouse, Elephant, Rhino, Hippo, Cat, Squirrel.",,"Sure. Here are the selections from above that are larger than the average human: Elephant, Rhino, and Hippo.",classification Who invented basketball?,,"James Naismith designed the game of basketball in 1891 while he was teaching at the International YMCA Training School. On 15 January 1892, James Naismith published his rules for the game of ""Basket Ball"" that he invented. The original game played under these rules was quite different from the one played today as there was no dribbling, dunking, three-pointers, or shot clock, and goal tending was legal.",open_qa What is the GE Dash 8-32BWH,,"The GE Dash 8-32BWH, also known as the P32-8BWH, B32-8WH, or P32-8, is a passenger train locomotive used by Amtrak, based on GE's Dash 8 series of freight train locomotives. Built in 1991, they were the first locomotives purchased to replace the EMD F40PH.",open_qa What is Vue.js?,,"Vue.js is a JavaScript framework for building user interfaces. It builds on top of standard HTML, CSS, and JavaScript and provides a declarative and component-based programming model that helps you efficiently develop user interfaces, be they simple or complex.",open_qa What is Cricket in sports?,"Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are ""out""). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information.","Cricket is a bat and ball game between two teams of 11 players. Each team will bat and bowl alternatively. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this and dismiss each batter.",summarization Can you suggest 5 benefits of Genetical modification technologies like CRISPR ?,,"1.Treating diseases in Humans and animals 2. Developing new drugs 3. Growing agricultural crops 4. Developing new cancer treatments 5. Identifying and treating In Vitro problems",brainstorming Astronomers are finding new planets every day. There could be potentially billions of planetary systems in the universe. Compare the these discovered planetary systems with our own Solar system.,,"One major difference between our Solar System and distant planet systems appears to be the eccentricities of those planet’s orbits. Planets in our Solar System have more or less circular orbits (with eccentricities < 10% from a perfect circular orbit), while exoplanets have up to 50% eccentricities. Exoplanets with high eccentricties may not be stable over the long-term. Another difference is that the most common size of exoplanets is super earth (that is 2-3x size of earth) while our solar system does not have any super earths.",open_qa How do plants get their energy,,They use photosynthesis and turn the sunlight into glucose as food,open_qa What is proteomics?,,"Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins. Proteins are vital parts of living organisms, with many functions such as the formation of structural fibers of muscle tissue, enzymatic digestion of food, or synthesis and replication of DNA. In addition, other kinds of proteins include antibodies that protect an organism from infection, and hormones that send important signals throughout the body. The proteome is the entire set of proteins produced or modified by an organism or system. Proteomics enables the identification of ever-increasing numbers of proteins. This varies with time and distinct requirements, or stresses, that a cell or organism undergoes. Proteomics is an interdisciplinary domain that has benefited greatly from the genetic information of various genome projects, including the Human Genome Project. It covers the exploration of proteomes from the overall level of protein composition, structure, and activity, and is an important component of functional genomics. Proteomics generally denotes the large-scale experimental analysis of proteins and proteomes, but often refers specifically to protein purification and mass spectrometry. Indeed, mass spectrometry is the most powerful method for analysis of proteomes, both in large samples composed of millions of cells and in single cells.",open_qa What does a vegan lifestyle mean to you?,,"A vegan lifestyle means that you do not only not ingest any animal products, but you also do not use anything that results from utilizing non-ingestible animal products or animal labor, such as horseback riding, wearing leather, and wearing fur.",open_qa "Tell me which of the following are dogs: Beagle, Labrador, Siamese, Chihuahua, Parakeet, Persian.",,"Beagle, Labrador, Chihuahua",classification What is an ATV?,,"An ATV typically refers to an all-terrain vehicle which can take many forms. The most popular ATV consists of a 4 wheel motorized vehicle which has large low-pressure tires and can carry one or two riders that straddle a seat like a motor cycle. They are highly maneuverable and often a joy to ride. Other types of vehicles can be described as ATVs as well. These include off-road vehicles such as SUVs, Jeeps, buggies and motorcycles with large wheels that can navigate through a variety of difficult terrain much easier that other forms of transportation.",open_qa What dishes can we eat as a Vegan?,,"We can eat all products which does not harm any animal or are by products of it. As a vegan, you have a variety of options. So, if you see you just want to replace dairy right, which is primarily curd - you have vegan curd for that made of peanut. Butter/Ghee you have vegan ghee/butter made from nuts like cashew, almond, peanut too. I mean seriously you have a lot of options. Then you can replace milk too, with same nut milk. And you know how beneficial it is. So basically, you can eat all the dishes you already eat just by changing the dairy, honey and animal product with plant based things.",brainstorming What is a reporting dashboard?,,A reporting dashboard is a way to show business metrics and business insights based on business data. It enables high level leadership and management to make and implement decisions that have a positive affect on a Company's revenue. These benefits include both added revenue and stopping lost revenue. Data Analyst work with Data Engineers to develop these dashboards and reporting.,open_qa What is Linux?,,"Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems that are based on the Linux kernel. The Linux kernel was first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel X86 architecture, but has since then been ported to more platforms than any other operating system. Popular Linux distributions include Debian, Fedora, Red Hat and Ubuntu.",open_qa "Given a reference text about coleus rotundifolius, what are they commonly known as?","Coleus rotundifolius, synonyms Plectranthus rotundifolius and Solenostemon rotundifolius, commonly known as native or country potato in Africa and called Chinese potato in India, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the mint family (Lamiaceae) native to tropical Africa. It is cultivated for its edible tubers primarily in West Africa, as well as more recently in parts of Asia, especially India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Indonesia. C. rotundifolius is closely related to the coleus plants widely cultivated as ornamentals and is now again placed in the genus Coleus, after being placed in the defunct genus Solenostemon and in Plectranthus.",Coleus rotundifolius are commonly known as country potato in Africa and Chinese potato in India.,closed_qa What are the pros and cons of working from home?,,"The pros might be no commute, increase in productivity, more comfortable setting, easier to collaborate with others across geographies. While the cons might be more distractions, challenges maintaining boundaries and separating work from home, lack of camaraderie or team culture.",brainstorming Should I pet the belly of a cat who is laying on its back?,,It depends on the cat. Some cats may enjoy having their belly rubbed and will permit you to do so. Other cats may not appreciate it and this position may be a trap for them to bite and kick your hand.,open_qa Is there a way to prevent type 1 diabetes?,"There is no known way to prevent type 1 diabetes. Treatment with insulin is required for survival. Insulin therapy is usually given by injection just under the skin but can also be delivered by an insulin pump. A diabetic diet and exercise are important parts of management. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Complications of relatively rapid onset include diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. Long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, foot ulcers and damage to the eyes. Furthermore, since insulin lowers blood sugar levels, complications may arise from low blood sugar if more insulin is taken than necessary.",There is currently no way to prevent type 1 diabetes. Treatment by injection or by an insulin pump is required for survival.,information_extraction What are some different festivities people do on Easter?,,"Egg hunt, egg dyeing, Easter baskets, photos with the Easter bunny",brainstorming "From the paragraph provided, extract the recurring characters from Final Fantasy. Separate them with a comma.","The series features a number of recurring character archetypes. Most famously, every game since Final Fantasy II, including subsequent remakes of the original Final Fantasy, features a character named Cid. Cid's appearance, personality, goals, and role in the game (non-playable ally, party member, villain) vary dramatically. However, two characteristics many versions of Cid have in common are being a scientist or engineer, and being tied in some way to an airship the party eventually acquires. Every Cid has at least one of these two traits. Biggs and Wedge, inspired by two Star Wars characters of the same name, appear in numerous games as minor characters, sometimes as comic relief. The later games in the series feature several males with effeminate characteristics. Recurring creatures include Chocobos, Moogles, and Cactuars. Chocobos are large, often flightless birds that appear in several installments as a means of long-distance travel for characters. Moogles are white, stout creatures resembling teddy bears with wings and a single antenna. They serve different roles in games including mail delivery, weaponsmiths, party members, and saving the game. Cactuars are anthropomorphic cacti with haniwa-like faces presented in a running or dashing pose. They usually appear as recurring enemy units, and also as summoned allies or friendly non-player characters in certain titles. Chocobo and Moogle appearances are often accompanied by specific musical themes that have been arranged differently for separate games","Cid, Biggs, Wedge, Chocobos, Moogles, Cactuars",information_extraction Why is Virginia City famous?,"Virginia City is a census-designated place (CDP) that is the county seat of Storey County, Nevada, and the largest community in the county. The city is a part of the Reno–Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area. Virginia City developed as a boomtown with the 1859 discovery of the Comstock Lode, the first major silver deposit discovery in the United States, with numerous mines opening. The population peaked in the mid-1870s, with an estimated 25,000 residents. The mines' output declined after 1878, and the population declined as a result. As of the 2020 Census, the population of Virginia City was 787.","Virginia City is a census-designated place (CDP) and the county seat of Storey County, Nevada, and the largest community in the county. The city is a part of the Reno–Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1859, Virginia City developed as a boomtown with the discovery of the Comstock Lode. The Comstock Lode is the first major silver deposit discovery in the United States. Virginia City's population peaked in the mid-1870s, with an estimated 25,000 residents. The mines' output declined after 1878, and the population declined as a result. As of the 2020 Census, the population of Virginia City was only 787.",information_extraction "Given this paragraph about the human brain, how does my brain know that I'm touching something hot?","The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs, and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body. The brain is contained in, and protected by, the skull bones of the head.","Humans process information from the various sensory systems via the central nervous system. The nerves in your hand are integral to your sense of touch. When your fingers touch something hot, the nerves in your hand quickly transmit that information through the nervous system to the central nervous system. After processing an electrochemical signal up through the spine, the sensory signal is eventually received in the human brain. The brain takes action and, in this case, initiates an instinctual retraction of the hand.",closed_qa What are secondary colors?,,"Secondary colors are created by combining primary colors. Primary colors are blue, red, and yellow. Secondary colors include purple, orange, and green.",classification What are the colors of the rainbow?,,"A rainbow is formed when sunlight scatters from raindrops and reflects red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.",open_qa "Given this paragraph, what is the top speed of a Kia Stinger?","Kia claims that the Stinger accelerates from zero to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 7.7, 6 and 4.9 seconds for the 2.2-liter diesel, 2.0-liter petrol and 3.3-liter petrol respectively. Schreyer reportedly drove a pre-production Stinger GT at a top speed of 269 km/h (167 mph) on the Autobahn. During a test by Car and Driver, an all-wheel-drive U.S. spec GT 3.3T with Michelin Pilot Sport 4 tires achieved 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) in 4.6 seconds on the track, reached 0.91 g on the skidpad and was able to stop from 70 mph (113 km/h) in 164 feet (50 m). According to this publication, the U.S. model's top speed is governed at 167 mph (269 km/h) per Kia specs. In tests conducted by Motor Trend, the four-cylinder U.S. spec Stinger 2.0 RWD on Bridgestone Potenza tires reached 60 mph (97 km/h) in 6.6 seconds, completed the 1⁄4-mile (0.4 km) run in 15 seconds and stopped from 60 mph (97 km/h) in 126 feet (38 m). The average lateral acceleration recorded in track testing was 0.85 g.",The top speed of a Kia Stinger is 269km/h (167mph) according to this text.,closed_qa What are common ingredients of a full english breakfast?,,"Bacon, eggs, sausages, beans, toast, mushrooms, tomatoes. Some people also include black pudding and hash browns. Eggs are commonly fried or scrambled.",classification What is electric current and how is it measured?,"The movement of electric charge is known as an electric current, the intensity of which is usually measured in amperes. Current can consist of any moving charged particles; most commonly these are electrons, but any charge in motion constitutes a current. Electric current can flow through some things, electrical conductors, but will not flow through an electrical insulator. By historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part. Current defined in this manner is called conventional current. The motion of negatively charged electrons around an electric circuit, one of the most familiar forms of current, is thus deemed positive in the opposite direction to that of the electrons. However, depending on the conditions, an electric current can consist of a flow of charged particles in either direction, or even in both directions at once. The positive-to-negative convention is widely used to simplify this situation. The process by which electric current passes through a material is termed electrical conduction, and its nature varies with that of the charged particles and the material through which they are travelling. Examples of electric currents include metallic conduction, where electrons flow through a conductor such as metal, and electrolysis, where ions (charged atoms) flow through liquids, or through plasmas such as electrical sparks. While the particles themselves can move quite slowly, sometimes with an average drift velocity only fractions of a millimetre per second, the electric field that drives them itself propagates at close to the speed of light, enabling electrical signals to pass rapidly along wires. In engineering or household applications, current is often described as being either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). These terms refer to how the current varies in time. Direct current, as produced by example from a battery and required by most electronic devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to the negative.  If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction. Alternating current is any current that reverses direction repeatedly; almost always this takes the form of a sine wave. Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within a conductor without the charge moving any net distance over time. The time-averaged value of an alternating current is zero, but it delivers energy in first one direction, and then the reverse. Alternating current is affected by electrical properties that are not observed under steady state direct current, such as inductance and capacitance. These properties however can become important when circuitry is subjected to transients, such as when first energised.","The movement of electric charge is known as an electric current, the intensity of which is usually measured in amperes.",information_extraction Who was the first computer programmer?,"Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (née Byron; 10 December 1815 – 27 November 1852) was an English mathematician and writer, chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's proposed mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine. She was the first to recognise that the machine had applications beyond pure calculation, and to have published the first algorithm intended to be carried out by such a machine. As a result, she is often regarded as the first computer programmer","Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (née Byron; 10 December 1815 – 27 November 1852) is often regarded as the first computer programmer for her work on the Analytical Engine with Charles Babbage.",closed_qa "What team represents Concordia University in Irvine, California?","The Concordia Golden Eagles are the athletic teams that represent Concordia University Irvine, located in Irvine, California, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Golden Eagles primarily compete in the Pacific West Conference (PacWest) for most of their sports since the 2015–16 academic year; while its men's volleyball team competes in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF); and its men's water polo team competes in the Western Water Polo Association (WWPA). CUI previously competed in the Golden State Athletic Conference (GSAC) of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 1987–88 to 2014–15; and as an NAIA Independent from 1981–82 to 1986–87. The CUI women's water polo team competed in the Golden Coast Conference (GCC) until the 2022 spring season.",The Concordia Golden Eagles represent Concordia University Irvine. The Golden Eagles are a member of the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and primarily compete in the Pacific West Conference.,information_extraction How many rounds are played in a professional golf tournament?,,Four rounds are played in a professional golf tournament.,open_qa Why do you want to keep customers happy?,,"You can keep customers happy by putting an extreme focus on them. Your business should exist to serve the needs of your customer. You could also call this customer obsession. By focussing on them and keeping them happy you will reduce customer attrition and churn, and you will have a continuous source of revenue for years to come because these happy customers turn into repeat customers over and over.",open_qa What is a noun?,,"A noun is a naming word. It generally refers to the name of a specific object, person, place or idea.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about Berwick, what was its population during the most up to date census?","Berwick is a borough in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania and is located 28 miles (45 km) southwest of Wilkes-Barre. As of the 2020 census, Berwick had a population of 10,355. It is one of the two principal communities of the Bloomsburg–Berwick metropolitan area, which covers Columbia and Montour counties, and had a combined population of 85,562 at the 2010 census.","10,355",closed_qa What is the Sun?,,"The sun is how we refer to the star in our solar system, around which each of the planets rotate.",open_qa What is Penguin Books?,"Penguin Books is a British publishing house. It was co-founded in 1935 by Allen Lane with his brothers Richard and John, as a line of the publishers The Bodley Head, only becoming a separate company the following year. Penguin revolutionised publishing in the 1930s through its inexpensive paperbacks, sold through Woolworths and other stores for sixpence, bringing high-quality fiction and non-fiction to the mass market. Its success showed that large audiences existed for serious books. It also affected modern British popular culture significantly through its books concerning politics, the arts, and science.",Penguin Books is a publishing house of inexpensive fiction and non-fiction paperbacks. It was founded by the Lane brothers in 1935 as a line of the publishers The Bodley Head. It became a separate publisher in 1936.,summarization From the Passage please find out what are the cause of climate change,"In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to Earth's climate. The current rise in global average temperature is more rapid than previous changes, and is primarily caused by humans burning fossil fuels. Fossil fuel use, deforestation, and some agricultural and industrial practices increase greenhouse gases, notably carbon dioxide and methane. Greenhouse gases absorb some of the heat that the Earth radiates after it warms from sunlight. Larger amounts of these gases trap more heat in Earth's lower atmosphere, causing global warming. Due to climate change, deserts are expanding, while heat waves and wildfires are becoming more common. Increased warming in the Arctic has contributed to melting permafrost, glacial retreat and sea ice loss. Higher temperatures are also causing more intense storms, droughts, and other weather extremes. Rapid environmental change in mountains, coral reefs, and the Arctic is forcing many species to relocate or become extinct. Even if efforts to minimise future warming are successful, some effects will continue for centuries. These include ocean heating, ocean acidification and sea level rise.","1. Climate change is primarily caused by humans burning fossil fuels. 2. Fossil fuel use, 3. deforestation, 4.agricultural and industrial practices increase",information_extraction What is SSO?,,"Single sign-on (SSO) is an authentication scheme that allows a user to log in with a single ID to any of several related, yet independent, software systems. True single sign-on allows the user to log in once and access services without re-entering authentication factors.",open_qa What is core banking?,,"Core banking is a banking service provided by a group of networked bank branches where customers may access their bank account and perform basic transactions from any of the member branch offices. Core banking is often associated with retail banking and many banks treat the retail customers as their core banking customers. Businesses are usually managed via the corporate banking division of the institution. Core banking covers basic depositing and lending of money. Core banking functions will include transaction accounts, loans, mortgages and payments. Banks make these services available across multiple channels like automated teller machines, Internet banking, mobile banking and branches. Banking software and network technology allows a bank to centralise its record keeping and allow access from any location.",open_qa "From the given paragraph, extract the industry sector and the corresponding percentage of GDP in the format {Industry sector} - {Percentage} and list them using bullets","The 522-million-worker Indian labour force is the world's second-largest, as of 2017. The service sector makes up 55.6% of GDP, the industrial sector 26.3% and the agricultural sector 18.1%. India's foreign exchange remittances of US$100 billion in 2022, highest in the world, were contributed to its economy by 32 million Indians working in foreign countries. Major agricultural products include: rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, and potatoes.","Here are the industries mentioned in the text and their GDP percentages: Service sector - 55.6% Industrial sector - 26.3% Agricultural sector - 18.1%",information_extraction Who formed the rock group One Day as a Lion?,"One Day as a Lion was an alternative rock supergroup that was started in 2008 by Zack de la Rocha, the vocalist of Rage Against the Machine, and Jon Theodore, former drummer of The Mars Volta and current drummer of Queens of the Stone Age. The duo blended elements of rock and hip hop. One Day as a Lion released their eponymous debut EP in July 2008 on the Anti- label. The band's name comes from a quote by Benito Mussolini",Zack de la Rocha and Jon Theodore,information_extraction What famous character did William B. Davis portray?,,"William B. Davis, a Canadian actor, portrayed the Cigarette Smoking Man on the popular sci-fi show, ""The X-Files."" The Cigarette Smoking Man, also known as CSM and C.G.B. Spender, was an antagonist responsible for many global conspiracies surrounding the existence of extraterrestrial life. He is also the biological father of Special Agent Fox Mulder, Special Agent Jeffrey Spender, and Jackson Van De Kamp (also known as William Scully III).",open_qa What does quantitative easing mean?,,"Quantitative Easing, or QE is a policy action taken by the central bank to increase the amount of money in circulation with the goal of stimulating economic activity. The central bank achieves this by purchasing a predetermined amount of purchasing government bonds. Money is 'created' through this process.",open_qa Who was Nikola Tesla?,,Nikola Tesla was a Serbian-American inventor known for his innovations around electricity. He discovered the rotating magnetic field.,open_qa What high school did Paul Allen and Bill Gates attend?,,Lakeside High School in Seattle Washington,open_qa Describe the relationship between the Trustor and Trustee,"Trust is the willingness of one party (the trustor) to become vulnerable to another party (the trustee) on the presumption that the trustee will act in ways that benefit the trustor. In addition, the trustor does not have control over the actions of the trustee. Scholars distinguish between generalized trust (also known as social trust), which is the extension of trust to a relatively large circle of unfamiliar others, and particularized trust, which is contingent on a specific situation or a specific relationship.d",Trust is the willingness of the trustor to become vulnerable to the trustee on the presumption that the trustee will act in ways that benefit the trustor,closed_qa whats the total number of US senator?,,100,open_qa What is relational database,"A relational database is a (most commonly digital) database based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970. A system used to maintain relational databases is a relational database management system (RDBMS). Many relational database systems are equipped with the option of using SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and updating the database.","Relational Databases are based on relational data models designed to store data in rows & columns and in a tabular format. RDBMS is famous for its SQL (Structured Query Language), and can fit to any tech stack. RDBMS is mostly meant for transactional use cases, OLTP with the ability to process data in milliseconds. A lot of RDMBS are available like MySQL, Postgres, AuroraDB etc.",summarization What is a world war and how many world wars have happened so far?,,World war is an international conflict that involves most major countries. There have been 2 world wars so far.,open_qa Please summarize the history of the development of Roche Percee based on this article,"In 1872 the Boundary Commission travelled through this area while surveying the border between Canada and the United States. During the 1874 March West trek of the North-West Mounted Police, the force established its first camp (called Short Creek Camp) at this location. The community began being served by the Soo Line in 1893, permitting the coal mines in the region to become operational. Roche Percée incorporated as a village on January 12, 1909.","Roche Percee was originally explored in 1872 by the Boundary Commission before a small camp was built in the area in 1874 by the North-West Mounted Police. The area then grew further after the establishment of the Soo Line train, with coal mining helping to grow the area. Eventually, Roche Percee was finally incorporated in the beginning of 1909.",summarization What's the appeal of a vacation rental on the Big Island of Hawaii?,,"The Big Island of Hawaii is a bit quieter than the island of Oahu, where Waikiki Beach is. While Waikiki is a beautiful beach and place, the Big Island of Hawaii has so much to offer that is unique only to this island. First, you can visit black sand beaches. This is due to all of the volcanic activity on the island. There are still active volcanoes on the island. You can also take tours around them should you wish to get closer. You still get all the beautiful beaches Hawaii offers, but with features, you can't find on the other islands. Also, if you want a slightly less touristy destination, the Big Island is for you!",creative_writing What is IPL T20?,,"IPL stands for Indian Premier League. It is a T20 cricket tournament played in India usually from mid March to mid May every year. There are 10 teams representing different areas across India. 2022 edition was won by Gujarat Titans. A T20 cricket match is a shorter version a traditional cricket match. Each team bats for 20 overs. The game lasts for 3.5 to 4 hours.",open_qa How was Liberum Veto mis-used?,"The liberum veto (Latin for ""free veto"") was a parliamentary device in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was a form of unanimity voting rule that allowed any member of the Sejm (legislature) to force an immediate end to the current session and to nullify any legislation that had already been passed at the session by shouting either Sisto activitatem! (Latin: ""I stop the activity!"") or Nie pozwalam! (Polish: ""I do not allow!""). The rule was in place from the mid-17th century to the late 18th century in the Sejm's parliamentary deliberations. It was based on the premise that since all Polish noblemen were equal, every measure that came before the Sejm had to be passed unanimously. The liberum veto was a key part of the political system of the Commonwealth, strengthening democratic elements and checking royal power and went against the European-wide trend of having a strong executive (absolute monarchy). Many historians hold that the liberum veto was a major cause of the deterioration of the Commonwealth political system, particularly in the 18th century, when foreign powers bribed Sejm members to paralyze its proceedings, and the Commonwealth's eventual destruction in the partitions of Poland and foreign occupation, dominance and manipulation of Poland. Piotr Stefan Wandycz wrote that the ""liberum veto had become the sinister symbol of old Polish anarchy"". In the period of 1573–1763, about 150 sejms were held, about a third failing to pass any legislation, mostly because of the liberum veto. The expression Polish parliament in many European languages originated from the apparent paralysis.","With Liberum veto, it was only possible to pass any legislation with unanimous consent. So one member of parliament to stop any legislation. Adversaries would often influence or bribe just one member of Parliament to derail a legislation.",summarization Provide a three sentence summary about the population of Kuçova.,"Currently the Kuçova district has a population of around 50,000. Of this population around 31,000 live in the city of Kuçova, classifying it as 12th of 65 municipalities on a national scale.[citation needed] Population density is 567 inhabitants/km2, which ranks the Kuçova district as the most heavily populated on a national scale. Another feature of this district compared with others in Albania is that city dwellers comprise 63% of the general population, the remainder living in villages nearby.","Kuçova has a population around 50,000 people. The approximate population density of the district is 567 inhabitants/km2. 63% of the population of Kuçova reside in the city.",summarization Please provide a short summary on Harshad Mehta scam.,Harshad Shantilal Mehta (29 July 1954 — 31 December 2001) was an Indian stockbroker and a convicted fraudster. Mehta's involvement in the 1992 Indian securities scam made him infamous as a market manipulator.,"Of the 27 criminal charges brought against Mehta, he was only convicted of four, before his death (by sudden heart attack) at age 47 in 2001. It was alleged that Mehta engaged in a massive stock manipulation scheme financed by worthless bank receipts, which his firm brokered for ""ready forward"" transactions between banks. Mehta was convicted by the Bombay High Court and the Supreme Court of India for his part in a financial scandal valued at ₹100 billion (US$1.3 billion) which took place on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The scandal exposed the loopholes in the Indian banking system and the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) transaction system, and consequently the SEBI introduced new rules to cover those loopholes. He was on trial for 9 years, until he died at the end of 2001 from a heart attack.",summarization "per this description of the game of fooseball, how many full rotations are allowed in the game at the championship level?","The game involves using figures mounted on rotating bars to kick a ball into the opposing goal. Table football tables can vary in size, but a typical table is about 120 centimetres (3.9 ft) long and 61 centimetres (2.00 ft) wide. The table usually contains eight rows of foos men, which are plastic, metal, wooden, or sometimes carbon-fibre figures mounted on horizontal metal bars. Each team of one or two human players controls four rows of foos men, one row each for the goalkeeper, defenders, midfield and strikers. Players manipulate the rods to control the figures, using them to hold up, pass or 'kick' the ball. Games begin when the ball is served through a hole at the side of the table, or simply placed by hand at the feet of a figure in the centre of the table. A coin toss is usually used to determine which player or team serves first. If it is not the first match or if the ball gets out of play or if the ball suddenly stops out, then the team scored last would get the serve after he scores one. The term for when the ball leaves the table or gets stopped somewhere out of the men-like figures’ reach is dead ball. Expert players have been known to move balls at speeds up to 56 km/h (35 mph) in competition. The rules prohibit ""over 360-degree shots"", or ""spinning"": using the palm of the hand to swiftly spin the bar all around, instead of using wrist strokes to kick the ball with a bar-mounted figure. Since the establishment of the International Table Soccer Federation (ITSF), the rules have become standardised in most international competitions. However, since January 2012, the annual World Championships and the World Cup have permitted two full 360-degree rotations. The winner is determined when one team scores a predetermined number of goals, typically five, ten or eleven in competition. When playing Bonzini competitions, the target number of goals is seven and players must win by at least two clear goals.",2 360-degree rotations are allowed since January 2012.,closed_qa What is a Fixed asset in finance?,,"A fixed asset is one which is intended to be used for several years. Examples are buildings, machinery and vehicles.",open_qa What was the compelling event that shut down the IRRI station?,"IRRI station is a railway station located on the South Main Line in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. It is a flag stop for the line as there are no platforms yet being erected, temporary stairs for the trains are added in the meantime to facilitate loading and unloading. History In December 2019, the flag stop was opened as PNR extended the Metro South Commuter trips by adding 5 more stations on the present commuter line. KiHa 59 series and KiHa 35 trainsets ply the route, with the former servicing the entire route to Tutuban and the latter going up to Alabang only. The station served as the southern terminus of the newly opened line. Services was disrupted as soon as the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic takes effect mid-March 2020. As of October 2021, the service is still inactive. A passing loop was planned for possible use of locomotives in the station but only the switch was laid. This plan was not realized as of October 2021. In January 2022, the railway switch and the steel stairs was dismantled by PNR Crew along with DEL 5007 to be repurposed for the upcoming Inter-Provincial Commuter Train Service between San Pablo City in the province of Laguna and Lucena City in the province of Quezon. Only some dismantled rail pieces and railfrogs remain scattered in the area of the flagstop. In May 25, 2022, an inspection train hailing from Dela Rosa Station travelled to IRRI Flagstop with officials onboard to conduct certification of the railway from Manila to Los Banos for possible reopening of commuter services along with the San Pablo-Lucena Commuter Line. The trainset used consist of DHL-9003, PC 8303, with DEL 5007 at the end serving as a back engine. As of July 2022 only the line connecting Laguna and Quezon Province had been realised while the Dela Rosa-IRRI-San Pablo is still pending due to lack of available train.","Unfortunately, the IRRI station railway located on the South Main LIne in Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines became inactive in mid-March of 2020 due to COVID lockdowns.",summarization How many feet are in 1 mile?,,"5,280 feet",open_qa What is ice cream,,"Ice cream is a frozen dessert, typically made from milk or cream and flavored with a sweetener, either sugar or an alternative, and a spice, such as cocoa or vanilla, or with fruit such as strawberries or peaches. It can also be made by whisking a flavored cream base and liquid nitrogen together. Food coloring is sometimes added, in addition to stabilizers. The mixture is cooled below the freezing point of water and stirred to incorporate air spaces and to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming. The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (below 2 °C or 35 °F). It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.",open_qa What are the main impacts to the earth as a result of climate change.,"Due to climate change, deserts are expanding, while heat waves and wildfires are becoming more common.Increased warming in the Arctic has contributed to melting permafrost, glacial retreat and sea ice loss. Higher temperatures are also causing more intense storms, droughts, and other weather extremes. Rapid environmental change in mountains, coral reefs, and the Arctic is forcing many species to relocate or become extinct.Even if efforts to minimise future warming are successful, some effects will continue for centuries. These include ocean heating, ocean acidification and sea level rise. Climate change threatens people with increased flooding, extreme heat, increased food and water scarcity, more disease, and economic loss. Human migration and conflict can also be a result.",More intense storms and droughts; Heat waves and wild fires are more common; Extinction of animal species; Increased food and water scarcity,summarization What medicine is inside of an EpiPen?,,Epinephrine (adrenaline),open_qa Where can you find the Citron-bellied attila?,"The citron-bellied attila (Attila citriniventris) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.","The The citron-bellied attila (Attila citriniventris) can be found in the following countries: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.",summarization Explain the word taboo,"Word taboo, also called taboo language, language taboo or linguistic taboo is a kind of taboo that involves restricting the use of words or other parts of language due to social constraints. This may be due to a taboo on specific parts of the language itself (such as certain words, or sounds), or due to the need to avoid a taboo topic. The taboo against naming the dead in parts of the world is an example. Taboo words are commonly avoided with euphemisms, such as the English euphemism pass away, meaning ""die"". It is a common source of neologisms and lexical replacement.","Word taboo, also called taboo language, language taboo or linguistic taboo is a kind of taboo that involves restricting the use of words or other parts of language due to social constraints. This may be due to a taboo on specific parts of the language itself (such as certain words, or sounds), or due to the need to avoid a taboo topic. The taboo against naming the dead in parts of the world is an example.",summarization Why can't the whole world be 1 country?,,"The whole world cannot be one country due to cultural and geographical differences. Different countries have different languages, customs, religions, and values. There is no one set of laws, values, or language that can be applied to all countries.",brainstorming "According to the text below, what is a block?","Block (data storage) In computing (specifically data transmission and data storage), a block, sometimes called a physical record, is a sequence of bytes or bits, usually containing some whole number of records, having a maximum length; a block size. Data thus structured are said to be blocked. The process of putting data into blocks is called blocking, while deblocking is the process of extracting data from blocks. Blocked data is normally stored in a data buffer, and read or written a whole block at a time. Blocking reduces the overhead and speeds up the handling of the data stream. For some devices, such as magnetic tape and CKD disk devices, blocking reduces the amount of external storage required for the data. Blocking is almost universally employed when storing data to 9-track magnetic tape, NAND flash memory, and rotating media such as floppy disks, hard disks, and optical discs. Most file systems are based on a block device, which is a level of abstraction for the hardware responsible for storing and retrieving specified blocks of data, though the block size in file systems may be a multiple of the physical block size. This leads to space inefficiency due to internal fragmentation, since file lengths are often not integer multiples of block size, and thus the last block of a file may remain partially empty. This will create slack space. Some newer file systems, such as Btrfs and FreeBSD UFS2, attempt to solve this through techniques called block suballocation and tail merging. Other file systems such as ZFS support variable block sizes. Block storage is normally abstracted by a file system or database management system (DBMS) for use by applications and end users. The physical or logical volumes accessed via block I/O may be devices internal to a server, directly attached via SCSI or Fibre Channel, or distant devices accessed via a storage area network (SAN) using a protocol such as iSCSI, or AoE. DBMSes often use their own block I/O for improved performance and recoverability as compared to layering the DBMS on top of a file system.","In computing -- and specifically in data transmission and data storage -- a block is a sequence of bytes or bits containing a number of records and having a maximum length. Putting data into blocks is called blocking, and reduces overhead and speeds up handling of a data stream. Block storage is typically abstracted by a file system or database management system for use by applications and end users.",summarization "Given a reference text about Psychiatry: An Industry of Death, tell me when it opened and and who owns and operates it.","Psychiatry: An Industry of Death is a museum in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, that has also hosted several touring exhibitions. It is owned and operated by the Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR), an anti-psychiatry organization founded by the Church of Scientology and psychiatrist Thomas Szasz. The museum is located at 6616 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, California. Entry is free. The opening event on December 17, 2005, was attended by well-known Scientologists such as Priscilla Presley, Lisa Marie Presley, Jenna Elfman, Danny Masterson, Giovanni Ribisi, Catherine Bell, and Anne Archer, as well as former Scientologist Leah Remini. The museum is dedicated to criticizing what it describes as ""an industry driven entirely by profit"". It has a variety of displays and exhibits that highlight physical psychiatric treatments, such as restraints, psychoactive drugs, electroconvulsive therapy and psychosurgery (including lobotomy, a procedure abandoned in the 1960s). The exhibition is also well-known for being the site of a heated confrontation between BBC Panorama reporter John Sweeney, and the Church's then-spokesman Tommy Davis in March 2007, during the filming of Sweeney's documentary Scientology and Me.","The Psychiatry: An Industry of Death museum opened on December 17, 2005 and is owned and operated by the Citizens Commission on Human Rights.",closed_qa Who are the CEO of National Association of Broadcasters,"The National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) is a trade association and lobby group representing the interests of commercial and non-commercial over-the-air radio and television broadcasters in the United States. The NAB represents more than 8,300 terrestrial radio and television stations as well as broadcast networks. As of 2022, the president and CEO of the NAB is Curtis LeGeyt. Founding NAB headquarters in Washington, D.C. The NAB was founded as the National Association of Radio Broadcasters (NARB) in April 1923 at the Drake Hotel in Chicago. The association's founder and first president was Eugene F. McDonald Jr., who also launched the Zenith corporation. In 1951 it changed its name to the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters (NARTB) to include the television industry. In 1958 it adopted its current name, ""National Association of Broadcasters"". Commercial radio The NAB worked to establish a commercial radio system in the United States. The system was set up in August 1928 with the establishment of General Order 40—a radio reallocation scheme by the Federal Radio Commission which awarded the choicest frequencies and broadcast times to the then-emerging commercial radio industry. In the wake of General Order 40, a loose coalition of educators, nonprofit broadcasters, labor unions, and religious groups coalesced to oppose the NAB and their allies through the 1920s and 1930s, and to develop a public, nonprofit, license-funded radio system without commercials (similar to what happened with the BBC). The coalition claimed that the commercial industry would only promote profitable programming, thereby reducing the quality and future potential of radio broadcasting. Not having the political connections, resources, or publicity of the NAB and the commercial radio industry, the non-profit coalition eventually lost the fight with the passage of the Communications Act of 1934. The National Independent Broadcasters were formed in 1939 as part of the NAB, to represent stations that were not associated with any network, but the group split off in 1941. Satellite radio Many satellite radio enthusiasts have criticized the NAB for lobbying against legislation approvals for those services. The NAB protested the FCC's approval of both satellite radio services in the United States—XM and Sirius—and furthermore criticized the 2008 merger of the two companies, calling the merged company a ""potential monopoly"". Digital transition In 2005, the NAB, together with the Association for Maximum Service Television Stations, Inc. (MSTV), commenced development of a prototype high quality, low cost digital-to-analog converter box for terrestrial digital television reception. The result of this project was a specification for the converter box, which was then adopted by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration as a technical requirement for eligible converter boxes for the Administration's Digital-to-Analog Converter Box Coupon Program. White space The NAB has lobbied against the use of white spaces, unused broadcast spectrum lying between broadcast channels, for wireless broadband internet and other digital use. The NAB has claimed that use of white space will interfere with existing broadcast spectrum, even though tests by the Federal Communications Commission at levels far stronger than that being advocated for in policy circles have not supported such claims. Indeed, the FCC has recommended the use of white spaces for broadband and other digital use. In 2011 the NAB funded an advertising campaign titled ""The Future of TV"", advocating for the private ownership of the spectrum, framed as a threat to free television. Free TV campaign In mid-2014, an NAB advertising campaign against a Congressional threat appeared, advocating viewers to defeat a cable-TV lobby. Similar organizations Organizations similar to the NAB exist in individual U.S. states, including Georgia Association of Broadcasters (GAB) in Georgia, and the Illinois Broadcasters Association (IBA), in Illinois. In Canada, the Canadian Association of Broadcasters (CAB) has a similar role.","As of 2022, the president and CEO of the NAB is Curtis LeGeyt",summarization What causes global warming?,,"Global warming is caused by the release of greenhouses gases into the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap the heat from the sun and lead to an overall increase in temperature on the planet. Greenhouse gases are mostly produced by burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas. Deforestation is also a contributing factor to global warming since trees capture carbon from the atmosphere when growing, so cutting them down or burning them both releases carbon they’ve been storing, as well as removes their ability to clean the air.",open_qa What is meant by the saying “break a leg”?,,"“Break a leg” is a way to wish someone good luck, especially before a performance.",open_qa Does SCI Dallas hold men or women?,"According to the official Department of Corrections web site, SCI Dallas (Luzerne County, 10 miles from Wilkes-Barre) was opened in 1960 as an institution for defective delinquents. After the state Supreme Court decision of 1966 voided the concept of ""defective delinquents,"" Dallas, like Huntingdon, became an adult institution. It now is a medium-security facility for men.",men,information_extraction Write down some key points for the poem Garshasp-nama based on the given text.,"The Garshasp-nama is an epic poem by Asadi Tusi (died 1072/73). It has been described as one of the best epic poems in Persian literature, comparable to Shahnameh, by Ferdowsi, and the most important work of Asadi Tusi. Asadi Tusi completed the poem in 1066 and dedicated it to a certain Abu Dulaf, the ruler of Nakhjavan (nothing is known about him). The poem has also been translated to other languages such as French and German. It seems that Asadi Tusi wrote this poem based on a written source. Like the Shahnameh, it contains few Arabic loan-words and consists of some 9,000 verses. The main hero of this epic poem is Garshasp, the son of Etret, and grandson of Sām. The poem begins with the story of Jamshid and Zahhak. Jamshid is overthrown by Zahhak and flees to Zabolistan. In Zabolistan, Jamshid falls in love with an unnamed daughter of Kurang, the king of Zabolistan, and she bore a child for Jamshid, named Tur (not to be confused with Tur, the son of Freydun). Jamshid flees again to China. Garshasp is actually the grandson of Tur's grandson.","1. The Garshasp-nama is an epic poem by Asadi Tusi (died 1072/73). 2. It has been described as one of the best epic poems in Persian literature, comparable to Shahnameh, by Ferdowsi, and the most important work of Asadi Tusi. 3. Asadi Tusi completed the poem in 1066 and dedicated it to a certain Abu Dulaf, the ruler of Nakhjavan (nothing is known about him). 4. The poem has also been translated to other languages such as French and German. 5. It seems that Asadi Tusi wrote this poem based on a written source. 6. Like the Shahnameh, it contains few Arabic loan-words and consists of some 9,000 verses. 7. The main hero of this epic poem is Garshasp, the son of Etret, and grandson of Sām. 8. The poem begins with the story of Jamshid and Zahhak. 9. Jamshid is overthrown by Zahhak and flees to Zabolistan. In Zabolistan, Jamshid falls in love with an unnamed daughter of Kurang, the king of Zabolistan, and she bore a child for Jamshid, named Tur (not to be confused with Tur, the son of Freydun). 10. Jamshid flees again to China. 11. Garshasp is actually the grandson of Tur's grandson.",summarization What was the Great Depression?,,"The Great Depression (1929–1939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagion began around September and led to the Wall Street stock market crash of October 24 (Black Thursday). It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. Between 1929 and 1932, worldwide gross domestic product (GDP) fell by an estimated 15%. By comparison, worldwide GDP fell by less than 1% from 2008 to 2009 during the Great Recession. Some economies started to recover by the mid-1930s. However, in many countries, the negative effects of the Great Depression lasted until the beginning of World War II. Devastating effects were seen in both rich and poor countries with falling personal income, prices, tax revenues, and profits. International trade fell by more than 50%, unemployment in the U.S. rose to 23% and in some countries rose as high as 33%.",open_qa Who directed the Lost in Translation movie?,"""Lost in Translation is a 2003 romantic comedy-drama film[note 1] written and directed by Sofia Coppola. Bill Murray stars as Bob Harris, a fading American movie star who is having a midlife crisis when he travels to Tokyo to promote Suntory whisky. There, he befriends another estranged American named Charlotte, a young woman and recent college graduate played by Scarlett Johansson. Giovanni Ribisi and Anna Faris also feature. The film explores themes of alienation and disconnection against a backdrop of cultural displacement in Japan. Further analysis by critics and scholars has focused on the film's defiance of mainstream narrative conventions and its atypical depiction of romance. Murray's performance in Sofia Coppola's Lost in Translation (2003) earned him a Golden Globe and a British Academy Film Award and an Oscar nomination for Best Actor. He has frequently collaborated with directors Ivan Reitman, Harold Ramis, Wes Anderson, Sofia Coppola, Jim Jarmusch, John McNaughton and the Farrelly brothers. He received Golden Globe nominations for his roles in Ghostbusters, Rushmore (1998), Hyde Park on Hudson (2012), St. Vincent (2014), On the Rocks (2020) and the HBO miniseries Olive Kitteridge (2014), for which he later won his second Primetime Emmy Award.""",Lost in Translation was written and directed by Sofia Coppola.,closed_qa "Based on the autopsy, list the contributing factors to Farley's death in bullet format.","On December 18, 1997, Farley was found dead by his younger brother John in his apartment in the John Hancock Center in Chicago. He was 33 years old. An autopsy revealed that Farley had died of an overdose of a combination of cocaine and morphine, commonly known as a ""speedball"". Advanced atherosclerosis was cited as a ""significant contributing factor."" A private funeral was held for Farley on December 23, 1997, at Our Lady Queen of Peace Catholic Church in his hometown of Madison, Wisconsin. Over 500 people attended his funeral, including many comedians who had worked with him on Saturday Night Live and on film, such as Dan Aykroyd, Adam Sandler, Chris Rock, Rob Schneider, Lorne Michaels, Al Franken, John Goodman, Bob Odenkirk, Tim Meadows, Robert Smigel, George Wendt and Phil Hartman. Notably absent was Farley's best friend David Spade. Spade's non-appearance fueled speculation that there was some falling out with Farley prior to his death. However, years later Spade denied any ill will between him and his comedic partner, admitting that his absence from the funeral was because he would have found it too emotionally difficult. Farley's remains were interred at Resurrection Cemetery in Madison.","-Overdose from a speedball -Advanced atherosclerosis",information_extraction What is Spatial Analysis?,,"Spatial analysis is any of the formal techniques which studies entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties. Spatial analysis includes a variety of techniques using different analytic approaches, especially spatial statistics. In may be applied in fields as diverse as astronomy, with its studies of the placement of galaxies in the cosmos, or to chip fabrication engineering, with its use of ""place and route"" algorithms to build complex wiring structures. In a more restricted sense, spatial analysis is geospatial analysis, the technique applied to structures at the human scale, most notably in the analysis of geographic data. It may also be applied to genomics, as in transcriptomics data. Complex issues arise in spatial analysis, many of which are neither clearly defined nor completely resolved, but form the basis for current research. The most fundamental of these is the problem of defining the spatial location of the entities being studied. Classification of the techniques of spatial analysis is difficult because of the large number of different fields of research involved, the different fundamental approaches which can be chosen, and the many forms the data can take.",open_qa What is Sunset?,"Sunset, also known as sundown, is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation. As viewed from everywhere on Earth (except the North and South poles), the equinox Sun sets due west at the moment of both the spring and autumn equinoxes. As viewed from the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun sets to the northwest (or not at all) in the spring and summer, and to the southwest in the autumn and winter; these seasons are reversed for the Southern Hemisphere. The time of sunset is defined in astronomy as the moment when the upper limb of the Sun disappears below the horizon. Near the horizon, atmospheric refraction causes sunlight rays to be distorted to such an extent that geometrically the solar disk is already about one diameter below the horizon when a sunset is observed. Sunset is distinct from twilight, which is divided into three stages. The first one is civil twilight, which begins once the Sun has disappeared below the horizon, and continues until it descends to 6 degrees below the horizon. The second phase is nautical twilight, between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The third phase is astronomical twilight, which is the period when the Sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon. Dusk is at the very end of astronomical twilight, and is the darkest moment of twilight just before night. Finally, night occurs when the Sun reaches 18 degrees below the horizon and no longer illuminates the sky. Locations further north than the Arctic Circle and further south than the Antarctic Circle experience no full sunset or sunrise on at least one day of the year, when the polar day or the polar night persists continuously for 24 hours.",Sunset is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation.,information_extraction What are the two different continental tournaments that Roger Lemerre won ?,"In September 2002, the Tunisian Football Federation announced that it was finalizing a contract with former France manager Roger Lemerre. Tunisia hosted the 2004 African Cup of Nations, winning the group. They defeated Senegal in the quarter-finals, and Nigeria in the semi-finals. Tunisia built a 1–0 lead after four minutes with Mehdi Nafti's concentration pushed by Francileudo Santos, before Morocco levelled. Tunisia restored their lead, giving them their first African Cup of Nations title. They also won the CAF's African National Team of the Year award. Lemerre became the first manager to win two different continental tournaments, having previously won Euro 2000 with France. As a result, Tunisia qualified for the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup in Germany, playing the hosts, Argentina and Australia. The only points they would win was a victory over Australia. Before their 2006 World Cup appearance, Lemerre took the Tunisians to a training camp in Switzerland, where they played international friendlies against Swiss clubs. Tunisia would only record one draw in Germany, against Saudi Arabia, losing against Spain and Ukraine",Roger Lemerre won the Euro 2000 with France and the African Cup of Nations 2004 with Tunisia,closed_qa What is a Romance language?,,"A romance language refers to the language family of languages which are derived from Latin, which are spoken in many areas that were a part of the Ancient Roman empire.",open_qa What are some languages spoken in Mexico?,,"Some languages spoken in Mexico are Spanish, Nahuatl and Mayan languages",open_qa What causes revenue to decline?,,"In general, lower volume of sales or lower average selling price causes revenue to decline.",open_qa What is a Druid?,"A druid was a member of the high-ranking class in ancient Celtic cultures. Druids were religious leaders as well as legal authorities, adjudicators, lorekeepers, medical professionals and political advisors. Druids left no written accounts. While they were reported to have been literate, they are believed to have been prevented by doctrine from recording their knowledge in written form. Their beliefs and practices are attested in some detail by their contemporaries from other cultures, such as the Romans and the Greeks.",A druid was a member of the high-ranking class in ancient Celtic cultures.,closed_qa Summarize the given text in several sentences.,"Horizon Zero Dawn is an action role-playing game played from a third-person view. Players take control of Aloy, a hunter who ventures through a post-apocalyptic land ruled by robotic creatures. Aloy can kill enemies in a variety of ways – shooting them with arrows, setting traps such as tripwires using the Tripcaster, using explosives, and a spear. Machine components, including electricity and the metal they are composed of, are vital to Aloy's survival; she can loot their remains for crafting resources. Ammo, resource satchels, pouches, quivers, resistance, antidotes, health potions, and traps can all be crafted. Weapons have modification slots for dealing more damage. Aloy wears a Focus, a small head piece that scans machines to determine their susceptibilities, identify their location, their level, and the nature of loot they will drop. One machine, the Stalker, can enable cloaking technology to avert the gaze of Aloy's Focus scan. Machines attack with defensive and offensive measures, and in either case react to a perceived threat by charging at it with brute force or projectiles. Exhibiting the behaviour of wild animals, some machines are inclined to move in herds, and others, with the ability to fly, do so in flocks. Unless hacked with the Override Tool, or sufficiently hit with corruption arrows, machines do not exert aggressive force against each other. Aloy also engages in battle with human enemies, such as bandits and the Eclipse cult.","Horizon Zero Dawn is an action role-playing game played from a third-person view. The main character named Aloy, a hunter who needs to survive in a post-apocalyptic world controlled by machines. Aloy has access to different weapons, resources and technologies to kill enemies, survive and find the clues to progress in this world. Aloy's enemies comprising both machines and humans (such as bandits and the Eclipse cult).",summarization Give me a bulleted list of some things that could go wrong skateboarding down a steep hill,,"- You could hit a rock in the street and go flying off your board - You could gain too much speed and be unable to slow down - You could be unable to stop and run a stop sign in front of a cop car - You could be hit by a car - You could have your board fly into traffic and be broken by a car",brainstorming Finish the sentence from the book 1984: Big ____ is watching you!,,The complete sentence is: Big Brother is watching you!,open_qa What was the most expensive car ever sold at auction,"On May 5, 2022, in a secret auction at the brand's museum in Germany, Mercedes-Benz sold one of just two 1955 300 SLR Uhlenhaut coupes from its extensive collection of historical automobiles—which dates back to the earliest days of the car in the late 19th century. The sale, to a private buyer, was for 135 million euros ($142,769,250). It handily outstripped the previous record-setting $48.4-million sale of a 1962 Ferrari 250 GTO at a 2018 auction to become the most expensive car ever sold at auction. Both of these high-dollar sales were brokered by RM Sotheby's.",A 1955 Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR was reportedly sold in a secret auction for 135 Million Euros,closed_qa What is an API?,,"An application programming interface (API) is a way for two or more computer programs to communicate with each other. It is a type of software interface, offering a service to other pieces of software.",open_qa "What links Catalonia, Andalusia, Cantabria, Galicia",,Regions of Spain,open_qa What is the state bird of Texas?,,Mockingbird,open_qa What year did humankind walk on the moon?,,1969,open_qa What are the pros and cons of working from home rather than going into an office downtown?,,"There are both advantages and disadvantages from working from home, and they apply differently to different people depending on the person's personality, family situation, location, and job description. Some key advantages are the ability to develop closer personal relationships with team members, have the opportunity for more spontaneous casual conversations, and experience more productive meetings because of the ability to read people's body language and to see presentation materials more clearly. Many people will experience better mental health by going into the office and establishing a sense of greater connection with team members. In addition, certain employees will take advantage of remote work to use work time to engage in personal activities rather than real work, to the detriment of the employer. Some disadvantages of going into the office include the time inefficiency from commuting, the cost of commuting, the time inefficiency that occurs from experiencing all the social chatting that occurs in the office, and the hassle of having to schedule conference rooms. Commuting also contributes to global warming through the greater use of fossil fuels. On balance, whether remote work makes sense is a complex question, and the answer will be unique for every employee and employer depending on the circumstances.",open_qa Please summarize the challenges faced by the factory workers in The Matchgirls musical.,"The Matchgirls is a musical by Bill Owen and Tony Russell about the London matchgirls strike of 1888. It premiered at the Globe Theatre, London, on 1 March 1966, directed and choreographed by Gillian Lynne. The musical focuses on the lifestyle of the match cutters at the Bryant and May factory in Bow, London, with strong references to the condition Phossy jaw and the political climate of the era. Production history After out-of-town tryouts in Leatherhead, Surrey, the show opened on the West End in March 1966. The show closed about three months later. A cast recording was made of the 1966 Globe Theatre London production. The musical was published by Samuel French Ltd in 1979. Synopsis The central character of the musical is Kate, a tenement girl and factory worker, who writes to Annie Besant to ask for help in seeking reform at the Bryant and May factory. The story follows Kate and Annie's attempts to rally the girls, leading Kate to become a reckless strike-leader and a key player in the creation and recognition of the union. With much of the action set in the incongruously named, but fictional, 'Hope Court', the musical portrays Bryant and May as callous and uncaring employers, with factory foreman 'Mr Mynel' representing the threatening and imposing regime in which the girls were forced to work. There is also a sub plot in which Kate's involvement in the strike puts strain on her relationship with docker Joe. Despite the subject matter of the musical, a strong emphasis is placed on the positive mentality and natural ebullience of the so-called 'cockney sparrows', this leading to a number of cheerful and entertaining vocal numbers and dance routines.",The Bryant and May factory was a popular employer in the 1960's and 70's in the fictional town of Hope Court. This factory hired many semi-skilled workers to produce their goods. The story focuses on Kate who felt that the working conditions needed reform and put together a union to demand better working conditions for her and her peers. The musical follows the highs and lows of Kate and peers as they fight for better working conditions.,summarization "Which of the following are appropriate for a Black Tie dress code? A tuxedo, a blue suit, a loose sundress, a formal floor length gown?",,A tuxedo and a formal floor length gown,classification How can I choose a favorite professional basketball team?,,"There is no wrong answer, but here are a few things you can consider in making that choice. You can determine which team is the closest to where you live and become a fan of the local team. Alternatively, you can determine which player or players are your favorites to watch and cheer for the teams that they play for. Another option is to cheer for a team that wins often, as it is more fun to root for a winning team.",brainstorming Who wrote the biography of Steve Jobs?,,Walter Isaacson,open_qa What towns make up Cape Ann?,,"Cape Ann is a rocky peninsula in northeastern Massachusetts on the Atlantic Ocean. It is about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Boston and marks the northern limit of Massachusetts Bay. Cape Ann includes the city of Gloucester and the towns of Essex, Manchester-by-the-Sea and Rockport.",brainstorming "Given a reference text about Ingwelala, tell me which game farms are on the reserve.","Ingwelala is a private stakeholder nature reserve on the bank of the Nhlaralumi River in the heart of the lowveld, about 65 km from the town of Hoedspruit. The reserve of some 3,000 hectares forms part of the Bushbuckridge Municipality, and adjoins the Umbabat Nature Reserve and the unfenced Kruger National Park. Ingwelala includes the following game farms: Argyle – 1,499 ha registered as Ingwelala Shareblock Ltd. Buffelsbed – 1,018 ha registered as Buffelsbed Shareblock Ltd. Goedehoop – 372 ha registered as Ingwelala Holdings Ltd. Si Bon – 257 ha registered as Si Bon Property Holdings Ltd","Argyle, Buffelsbed, Goedehoop, and Si Bon are the game farms on Ingwelala.",closed_qa Write a brief passage arguing why beach volleyball is better than indoor volleyball.,,"Beach volleyball is arguably better than indoor volleyball because you are usually outside by a body of water. Research in the field of positive psychology has shown that simply being in/around nature can improve one's sense of well-being. Being able to exercise while feeling the sun on your back, hearing the birds chirp, and seeing people play around in the sand is a totally different experience than being stuck inside a dark building. Additionally, playing volleyball in the sand is way more difficult and a harder workout than playing on a court. In order to jump the same height or run after a shanked ball, you have to exert more energy. Since exercise is known to release endorphins, one could argue that more endorphins are released when playing beach volleyball over indoor. Overall, beach volleyball is more fun and a better workout than indoor volleyball.",creative_writing What is use of bezier curve in Robotics?,"Bézier curves can be used in robotics to produce trajectories of an end-effector due to the virtue of the control polygon’s ability to give a clear indication of whether the path is colliding with any nearby obstacle or object. Furthermore, joint space trajectories can be accurately differentiated using Bézier curves. Consequently, the derivatives of joint space trajectories are used in the calculation of the dynamics and control effort (torque profiles) of the robotic manipulator.",Bézier curves can be used in robotics to produce trajectories of an end-effector due to the virtue of the control polygon’s ability to give a clear indication of whether the path is colliding with any nearby obstacle or object.,closed_qa Tell me about the Walton Football Club,"Walton Casuals Football Club was a semi-professional football club based in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. Founded in 1948, the club was affiliated to the Surrey County Football Association, and had been a part of the football pyramid since 1992. The club joined the Surrey Intermediate League upon formation, and remained there until the league disbanded in 1965. A move to the Surrey Senior League lasted just two years before becoming founding members of the Suburban League. Walton Casuals won their first major honour in 1983 as champions of the Suburban League Southern Section. In 1992, the club turned semi-professional and entered the football pyramid by joining the Surrey Premier League. The Stags earned promotion to the Combined Counties Football League in 1995, and the Isthmian League 10 years later. After two years of groundsharing, the club moved into the Elmbridge Sports Hub – a £20 million sports complex development – for the 2017–18 season. In their first season at the new stadium, Walton secured a top six finish on goal difference and went on to win the play-offs. Walton Casuals' most notable rivalry came with Combined Counties Premier Division club Walton & Hersham, due to their close proximity. The club also had a rivalry with Molesey, who play in the Isthmian League South Division. The two teams previously competed in an annual pre-season fixture for the Mick Burgess Memorial Trophy, but the competition was halted when Molesey earned promotion to the same league in 2015.","The Walton Casuals Football Club was a semi-professional football club based in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. Founded in 1948, the club was affiliated to the Surrey County Football Association, and had been a part of the football pyramid since 1992. The club joined the Surrey Intermediate League upon formation, and remained there until the league disbanded in 1965. A move to the Surrey Senior League lasted just two years before becoming founding members of the Suburban League. Walton Casuals won their first major honour in 1983 as champions of the Suburban League Southern Section. In 1992, the club turned semi-professional and entered the football pyramid by joining the Surrey Premier League. The Stags earned promotion to the Combined Counties Football League in 1995, and the Isthmian League 10 years later. After two years of groundsharing, the club moved into the Elmbridge Sports Hub – a £20 million sports complex development – for the 2017–18 season. In their first season at the new stadium, Walton secured a top six finish on goal difference and went on to win the play-offs. Walton Casuals' most notable rivalry came with Combined Counties Premier Division club Walton & Hersham, due to their close proximity. The club also had a rivalry with Molesey, who play in the Isthmian League South Division. The two teams previously competed in an annual pre-season fixture for the Mick Burgess Memorial Trophy, but the competition was halted when Molesey earned promotion to the same league in 2015.",summarization Why are Asian women’s fancy clothes so expensive,,"The traditional Asian clothes are made using lots of expensive materials and a huge labour effort. On the average fancy clothes can take somewhere between 10 to 30 days and less fancy clothes takes somewhere between 5 to 10 days. The good tailors who understand client requirements are very hard to find and have limited capacity to fulfil large number of orders. As this is manual labour, automation can not help especially for customised sizes and designs. The raw material used as well as expensive cloth increases the cost and requires lots of thought and aesthetic sense to make it look nice. You are paying for the quality as well as the unique custom design. Asian wedding clothes are normally the most expensive. Some high end brands use gold and silver threads to make the wedding day dress even more prestigious. An average wedding dress can cost from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of dollars.",creative_writing What is Biryani?,"Biryani is a mixed rice dish originating among the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. It is made with Indian spices, rice, and usually some type of meat (chicken, beef, goat, lamb, prawn, and fish), or in some cases without any meat, and sometimes, in addition, eggs and potatoes. Biryani is one of the most popular dishes in South Asia, as well as among the diaspora from the region. Similar dishes are also prepared in other parts of the world such as in Iraq, Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia. Biryani is the single most-ordered dish on Indian online food ordering and delivery services and has been labeled as the most popular dish overall in India.","The term biryani comes from the Farsi phrase birinj biriyan, “fried rice.” Rice is fried separately until about half-cooked, usually in oil or ghee, and then placed in a pot along with marinated meat or vegetables and spices. Biryani was first recorded in India in the Deccan region of the south, suggesting that it was brought there by merchants via a sea route. Biryani has since spread to all parts of the Indian subcontinent, with numerous local and regional variations. Varieties of biryani are also found in Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Thailand, and Oman.",information_extraction "According to Hofstadter what is the theme of the book Gödel, Escher, Bach?","In response to confusion over the book's theme, Hofstadter emphasized that Gödel, Escher, Bach is not about the relationships of mathematics, art, and music—but rather about how cognition emerges from hidden neurological mechanisms. One point in the book presents an analogy about how individual neurons in the brain coordinate to create a unified sense of a coherent mind by comparing it to the social organization displayed in a colony of ants.","According to Hofstadter, the main theme of Gödel, Escher, Bach is how cognition emerges from hidden neurological mechanisms.",information_extraction What is The Sixth Extinction (The X-Files)?,"""The Sixth Extinction"" is the first episode of the seventh season of the science fiction television series The X-Files. It was first shown on the Fox network on November 7, 1999, in the United States. The episode was written by Chris Carter and directed by Kim Manners. ""The Sixth Extinction"" earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.6, being watched by 17.82 million people in its initial broadcast. The episode received mixed to positive reviews from critics. The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. Mulder is a believer in the paranormal, while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work. In the episode, Assistant Director Walter Skinner (Mitch Pileggi) and Michael Kritschgau (John Finn) work desperately in an attempt to discover what is wrong with Mulder, whose abnormal brain activity has rendered him imprisoned in his own head, but they are unaware of Agent Diana Fowley’s (Mimi Rogers) duplicity. In the meanwhile, Scully is hunting for an ancient artifact in Africa. ""The Sixth Extinction"" helped to explore new aspects of the series' overarching mythology and was the second episode in a trilogy of episodes featuring Mulder's severe reaction to the appearance of an alien artifact. The episode was written due to series creator Chris Carter's fascination with the possibility that extraterrestrials were involved in the great extinctions that had happened millions of years ago.","""The Sixth Extinction"" is the first episode of the seventh season of the science fiction television series The X-Files. It was first shown on the Fox network on November 7, 1999, in the United States. ""The Sixth Extinction"" helped to explore new aspects of the series' overarching mythology. The episode was written by Chris Carter and directed by Kim Manners. ""The Sixth Extinction"" earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.6, being watched by 17.82 million people in its initial broadcast. The episode received mixed to positive reviews from critics.",summarization "Which of the following are typical ingredients that go into a banana split sundae: oranges, bananas, ice cream, banana bread, maraschino cherries, pickles, whipped cream, chopped nuts, chopped apples, moon shoes",,"Bananas, ice cream, maraschino cherries, whipped cream, chopped nuts",classification Which is the albino direwolf in Game of Thrones?,,"The direwolf, Ghost, is the albino pup and is adopted by Jon Snow",open_qa How do you play the game of LoL?,"League of Legends (LoL), commonly referred to as League, is a 2009 multiplayer online battle arena video game developed and published by Riot Games. Inspired by Defense of the Ancients, a custom map for Warcraft III, Riot's founders sought to develop a stand-alone game in the same genre. Since its release in October 2009, League has been free-to-play and is monetized through purchasable character customization. The game is available for Microsoft Windows and macOS. In the game, two teams of five players battle in player-versus-player combat, each team occupying and defending their half of the map. Each of the ten players controls a character, known as a ""champion"", with unique abilities and differing styles of play. During a match, champions become more powerful by collecting experience points, earning gold, and purchasing items to defeat the opposing team. In League's main mode, Summoner's Rift, a team wins by pushing through to the enemy base and destroying their ""Nexus"", a large structure located within.","League of legends (LoL) is a multiplayer online battle game with a team of 5 players on each side of the arena playing against each other. Each player controls a ""champion"" with unique abilities and styles of the play. During the play, the champion of each player will become stronger by leveling up and collecting gold, which can be used to buy powerful items. The goal of the game is to destroy the ""Nexus"" of the opposite team.",summarization What are some good steps to getting an AWS cloud certification and getting a cloud job?,,"Getting an AWS certification is a great way to get started with learning about cloud and potentially starting a career in it! Here are some good first steps: 1. Start with the free AWS Cloud Practitioner course and overview: https://aws.amazon.com/training/digital/aws-cloud-practitioner-essentials/?cp=sec&sec=prep 2. Pass the AWS cloud practitioner exam 3. Decide which specialization path to go down — options could include the architecture path, more of a data specialist, or a Security specialization, with multiple other options 4. If you choose the architecture path, Stephane Marek’s courses (https://www.udemy.com/user/stephane-maarek/) are excellent, frequently updated, and inexpensive. 5. The next step is the AWS Solution Architect—Associate exam, which is difficult but the above courses prepare you well (combined with practice tests, note below on that) 6. To get hands on experience here is a list of interesting cloud sample projects, some easy and some hard: https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/8inzn5/so_you_want_to_learn_aws_aka_how_do_i_learn_to_be/ 7. In preparing for the exams, especially the more advanced ones, Jon Bonso has excellent practice question banks: https://tutorialsdojo.com/courses/aws-certified-solutions-architect-associate-practice-exams/. 8. Once you have the Solution Architect—Associate certification and some sample projects complete you can likely start looking for a job in the cloud space. Companies are looking for people with those skills + cert + some hands-on experience, so good luck!",open_qa Why is the sky blue?,,"Earth's atmosphere scatters short-wavelength light more efficiently than that of longer wavelengths. Because its wavelengths are shorter, blue light is more strongly scattered than the longer-wavelength lights, red or green. Hence, the result is that when looking at the sky away from the direct incident sunlight, the human eye perceives the sky to be blue.",open_qa How should a 30 year old invest their money to enable them to retire by the time they're 65?,,"Saving for retirement is an important topic for any individual or family to consider. In the US, most full-time employees are eligible for 401K or Roth IRA retirement savings programs through their employer, which enable you to defer taxes on your income and, in some cases, receive additional supplemental contributions up to a certain amount from your employer. Through your 401K you often have access to a select range of what are call index funds, or mixes of securities that track specific groups of stocks, bonds, or other financial instruments. These can be actively managed, where a company or advisor controls the underlying investments in these funds, or passively managed, where the fund tracks a specific market or list of companies (example: XLF, a fund that tracks the broader banking industry). In terms of managing risk, generally you have a higher percentage of stocks vs. bonds or cash in your portfolio earlier in your career, with this mix shifting toward lower risk bonds as you get closer to retirement. Generally speaking, while actively managed funds do in some instances perform well, they are, on average, very similar in their performance to passively managed index funds and, due to their associated fees, most experts agree it's wise to focus on broad market index funds. A common retirement portfolio for a 30 year old might be comprised 50-75% of large capitalization domestic stock funds. It's typically wise to have some exposure to foreign markets and small/medium capitalization domestic stocks or specific market segments, with minimal bonds or cash until later in life.",open_qa Symptoms of Sick Liver,,"Skin and eyes that appear jaundice Abdominal pain and swelling Swelling in the legs and ankles Dark urine colour Pale stool colour Chronic fatigue Nausea or vomiting Loss of appetite",brainstorming What is the California Alpine Club?,,"The California Alpine Club (CAC) is a membership club with overnight lodges on Mount Tamalpais in Mill Valley, CA and at Echo Lake, which is 20 minutes outside of South Lake Tahoe.",open_qa Where did basketball originate?,,"Basketball was invented in the winter of 1891-92 in Springfield, Massachusetts at Springfield College (then known as the International YMCA Training School). James Naismith invented basketball as a game that could be played indoors during the colder months to keep the young men in the area fit and entertained.",open_qa Give me an overview of the rivalry between the Celtics and Lakers.,"The Celtics–Lakers rivalry is a National Basketball Association (NBA) rivalry between the Boston Celtics and the Los Angeles Lakers. The Celtics and the Lakers are the two most storied franchises in the NBA, and the rivalry has been called the greatest in the NBA. The Boston Celtics and the Los Angeles Lakers have met a record 12 times in the NBA Finals, with their first such meeting being in 1959. They would both go on to dominate the league in the 1960s and 1980s, facing each other in the Finals six times in the 1960s, three times in the 1980s, and twice since the year 2000. The Lakers and Celtics are tied for the highest number of championships in the NBA at 17 apiece, (12 as the L.A. Lakers and 5 as the Minneapolis Lakers). Together, they account for 34 of the 74 championships (or 45%) in NBA history. As of 2018, the Celtics and Lakers have a .590 and .596 all-time winning records respectively. As of the end of the 2020–21 season, Boston is the only team with a winning overall record against the Lakers. The rivalry has been less intense since the retirements of Larry Bird and Magic Johnson in the early 1990s. In 2008 the two teams met in the NBA Finals for the first time since 1987, with the Celtics winning the series 4–2. They met again in the 2010 NBA Finals, which the Lakers won in 7 games.","The Celtics-Lakers rivalry is an NBA(National Basketball Association) rivalry between the Boston Celtics and the Los Angeles Lakers. They are two of the most storied NBA franchises, and have met a record 12 times in the NBA finals. The first meeting in the finals between them was in 1959, and the latest was in 2010. Both teams are tied for the highest number of NBA championships at 17, and account for 34 of the 72 total NBA championships. The rivalry peaked in the 60s and 90, when the teams faced each other in the finals 6 times in the 60s and 3 times in the 90s.",summarization "Which of these colors are primary colors: Red, Yellow, Blue, Orange, Green, Violet.",,"There are three primary colors which are Red, Yellow, and Blue. The three secondary colors are Orange, Green, and Violet.",classification Which of Dany's dragons is the largest?,,"Daenerys Targaryen's dragon, Drogon, is the largest of her three dragons.",open_qa List the types of seed funding available for startups?,"Types of Seed funding Friends and family funding: This type of seed funding involves raising money from friends and family members. Angel investing: As mentioned above, angel investors are wealthy individuals who provide seed funding in exchange for equity ownership. Seed accelerators: These are programs that provide startups with seed funding, mentorship, and resources to help them grow their businesses. Crowdfunding: This type of funding allows startups to raise money from a large number of people, typically through an online platform. Incubators: These are organizations that provide startups with seed funding, office space, and resources to help them grow their businesses. Government grants: Some government agencies provide seed funding for startups working on specific projects or in specific industries. Corporate ventures: Some big companies set up venture arms to provide seed funding to startups in their industry or complementary field. Micro-Venture Capital: A type of venture capital that provides seed funding to new startups and early-stage companies with a small amount of money.","Below is a list of seed funding options for startups Friends and family funding Funding from Angel investors Seed accelerators Crowdfunding from a large number of participants Government grants Corporate ventures Micro-venture capital Startup incubators",summarization What is the east Asian process of training small trees called?,,Bonsai,open_qa "Does Rajasthan - the desert state of India, have winters?","Summer Due to the Desert Geography, frequently climb above 40 to 45 degrees Celsius in most places. Due to its location, summers are the longest season in Rajasthan. In this time tourist activities are very low. Winter The cold weather commences early in October and ends around the end of February and sometimes the temperatures reach nearly 2-degree celsius [*record in 1964 in JAIPUR the temperature reached 0-degree Celsius on 13 December.]","Summers are the longest season in Rajasthan where the temperature climbs upto 40-45 degree celsius in most places. However, Rajasthan does witness winters every year starting from the month of October until February. Sometimes the temperature can be as low as around 2 degrees as well.",closed_qa Where is Dieveniskes located,"Dieveniškės (in Lithuanian literally: Place of gods; Polish: Dziewieniszki; Belarusian: Дзевянішкі Dzevyanishki) is a town in the Vilnius County of Lithuania, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from the Belarusian border in the so-called Dieveniškės appendix. It is surrounded by the Dieveniškės Regional Park.","Dieveniskes, in Lithuanian literally: Place of gods is a town in the Vilnius County of Lithuania, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from the Belarusian border in the so-called Dieveniskes appendix. It is surrounded by the Dieveniskes Regional Park.",closed_qa "Jing is a 46-year-old male. He is an insurance executive who is married with two children. Jing is active in his church and plays golf on the weekends. He went to see his cardiologist because he experienced recent fatigue with chest pain on exertion. He has never smoked but he consumes 1 to 2 alcoholic drinks per day. His medical history reveals a blood cholesterol level of 260 mg%, a triglyceride level of 198 mg% and an HDL-C value of 43 mg%. After studying a 12-lead ECG tracing of Jing's heart, it is clear that his heart is ischemic. Suggest some follow-up screening tests and recommended interventions.",,"There are lots of options for follow-up screening tests. For example, we can perform an echocardiogram with a color Doppler, where we can evaluate blood flow through the heart and create a picture of the heart and its moving valves. We can do a myocardial perfusion scan, which also evaluates blood flow in the heart. There’s also a procedure called electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) which can detect calcium deposits in arteries. There’s also computed tomography angiography which reveals plaque or calcium deposits. We can perform a coronary MRI or MRA, which uses magnetic fields to detect valve problems, heart enlargement, vessel disease, damaged heart tissue, etc. Finally, we can also perform a coronary angiogram, which is invasive, but is the “gold standard” for diagnosing CAD. There are interventions available to Jing, which range from less invasive/intense to most intense. He can do daily things like reduce his high alcohol consumption, eat a heart-healthier and less inflammatory diet to help his cholesterol and triglyceride levels. There are also some medications to treat myocardial ischemia such as a daily aspirin, nitrates, beta blockers, cholesterol-lowering medications, etc. If his situation is very serious/deteriorates, he can consider angioplasty/stenting, or even coronary artery bypass surgery. These interventions are listed in order of least to most aggressive.",brainstorming What is CST 11,"Cystatin-11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST11 gene. The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes an epididymal-specific protein whose specific function has not been determined. Alternative splicing yields two variants encoding distinct isoforms.","Cystatin-11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST11 gene. The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity.",summarization What is SAML?,,"SAML or Security Assertion Markup Language is an open standard and an XML-based framework for authentication and authorization between an identity provider, service provider, and a principal. SAML is used to enable web-browser based single sign-on (SSO).",open_qa Give me some ideas for my son's birthday party.,,"There are several ways to plan a fun and engaging birthday party for your son. To get started, it would be helpful to consider your son's interests. From there, you can set that thing of interest as a theme and plan your party around it. For example, let's say your son loves the car. In that scenario, you could decorate the event space with car-related stuff and perhaps even order a cake shaped like a car!",brainstorming Write a short strategy on how to increase your chances to win a chess game.,,"The game of chess includes thinking several moves ahead of the opponent. You have to start by getting to the strategic squares on the board faster than the opponent, which directly results in having an upper hand for the rest of the game. The next best step is to protect your pieces while taking out several of your opponent's pieces. The pawn structure needs to be aligned in a way that protects the king at all times and clears the way for the queen to strategically advance forward into the opponent's side. Another strategy is by making the move of casting that pushes the king to the corner as opposed to being exposed in the front once pawns are taken out.",creative_writing Was the hermit hummingbird hawkmoth first described in the 18th century or the 19th century?,"Macroglossum insipida, the hermit hummingbird hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1875.","The hermit hummingbird hawkmoth was first described in 1875, which is in the 19th century.",closed_qa How was the San Francisco bay created?,"Until the last ice age, the basin which is now filled by the San Francisco Bay was a large linear valley with small hills, similar to most of the valleys of the Coast Ranges. As the great ice sheets began to melt, around 11,000 years ago, the sea level started to rise. By 5000 BC the sea level rose 300 feet (90 m), filling the valley with water from the Pacific. The valley became a bay, and the small hills became islands.","Around 11,000 years ago the earth began to wam and melt the great ice sheets, raising sea levels and filling the valley that the San Francisco Bay now lives in.",closed_qa How reliable is public transportation?,,"Reliability of public transportation varies drastically depending on which city you are in and depends on investment and maintenance of existing infrastructure. For example, the public transportation network in Switzerland spans a wide network that comprises of trains, trams, busses, and ferries, runs timely on a schedule to the minute, and is used as a primary mode of transportation for many residents. In contrast, it can be challenging to get around many cities in the United States without a car. Public transportation ridership often depends on reliability, which in turn often determines the availability of investments in the required infrastructure. This creates an unfortunate cycle making it very difficult for public transportation to become more reliable without external investments where the system is funding itself.",open_qa Do you know the species Etlingera diepenhorstii,"Etlingera diepenhorstii is a monocotyledonous plant species that was first described by Johannes Elias Teijsmann and Simon Binnendijk, and given its current name by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Etlingera diepenhorstii is part of the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae. The species' range is in Sumatra. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.","Yes, I do. The Etlingera diepenhorstii is a monocotyledonous plant species that was first described by Johannes Elias Teijsmann and Simon Binnendijk, and given its current name by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Etlingera diepenhorstii is part of the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae. The species' range is in Sumatra. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.",closed_qa Based on the given passage tell me who masked cultists are?,"Aloy (Ashly Burch) is cast out from the Nora tribe at birth and raised by a fellow outcast named Rost (JB Blanc). As a child (Ava Potter), Aloy obtains a Focus, an augmented reality device that gives her special perceptive abilities. Aloy becomes curious about her origins and is told by Rost that if she wins the Proving, a competition to earn the right to become a member of the Nora, the tribe's Matriarchs might concede this information. Aloy spends some years training in combat and survival under Rost's instruction. After coming of age, Aloy participates in the Proving; she wins the competition, but masked cultists attack the Nora. Rost sacrifices himself to save Aloy from their leader, Helis (Crispin Freeman). When Aloy awakens, the Matriarchs explain that Aloy was found as an infant before a sealed door within the Nora's sacred mountain and that these suspicious origins were the reason for her being an outcast. The Matriarchs name Aloy a ""Seeker,"" allowing her to leave their lands in pursuit of the cultists. Aloy eventually learns that the cultists are part of a splinter Carja faction called the Eclipse and that Aloy was targeted due to her resemblance to an Old World scientist named Elisabet Sobeck (also voiced by Burch). Aloy locates the ruined corporate campus of Faro Automated Solutions and discovers that the Old World was destroyed nearly a thousand years ago after Faro lost control of its automated peacekeeper military robots. The robots, which could self-replicate and consume biomass, overran the planet and engulfed the biosphere, stripping Earth of life. Zero Dawn, a project spearheaded by Sobeck, was initiated to create an automated terraforming system to deactivate the robots and restore life to Earth.",The masked cultists attacked the Nora when Aloy won the proving competition. Their leader was named Helis. The cultists were part of a splinter Carja faction called the Eclipse and wanted to kill Aloy due to her resemblance to an Old World scientist named Elisabet Sobeck.,closed_qa What are financial services?,,"Financial services are economic services provided by the finance industry, which together encompass a broad range of service sector firms that provide financial management, including credit unions, banks, credit-card companies, insurance companies, accountancy companies, consumer-finance companies, stock brokerages, investment funds, individual asset managers, and some government-sponsored enterprises.",open_qa Please write a summary of the kinds of vehicles that are used for ambulances.,"Vehicle types In North America (US and Canada), there are four types of ambulances. There are Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV. Type I is based upon a heavy truck chassis-cab with a custom rear compartment that is often referred to as a ""box"" or ""module."" Type I ambulances are primarily used for Advanced Life Support (ALS), also referred to as Mobile Intensive Care Unit (MICU) in some jurisdictions, and rescue work. A Type II ambulance is based on a commercial heavy-duty van with few modifications except for a raised roof and a secondary air conditioning unit for the rear of the vehicle. These types of ambulances are primarily used for Basic Life Support (BLS) and transfer of patients but it is not uncommon to find them used for advanced life support and rescue. Type III is a van chassis-cab but with a custom-made rear compartment and has the same uses as Type I ambulances. Type IV is for smaller ad hoc patient transfer that use smaller utility vehicles in which passenger vehicles and trucks would have difficulty in traversing, such as large industrial complexes, commercial venues, and special events with large crowds; they generally do not fall under Federal Regulations. Ambulances can be based on many types of vehicle although emergency and disaster conditions may lead to other vehicles serving as makeshift ambulances: A modern American ambulance built on the chassis of a Ford F-450 truck, with extensive external storage Many modern Canadian and European ambulances are built on the Mercedes-Benz Sprinter chassis. Some, like this Niagara Region example, use custom rear compartments. Van or pickup truck – A typical general-purpose ambulance is based on either the chassis of a van (vanbulance) or a light-duty truck. This chassis is then modified to the designs and specifications of the purchaser. Vans may either retain their original body and be upfitted inside, or may be based on a chassis without the original body with a modular box body fitted instead. Those based on pickup trucks almost always have modular bodies. Those vehicles intended for especially intensive care or require a large amount of equipment to be carried may be based on medium-duty trucks. Car – Used either as a fly-car for rapid response or to transport patients who can sit, these are standard car models adapted to the requirements of the service using them. Some cars are capable of taking a stretcher with a recumbent patient, but this often requires the removal of the front passenger seat, or the use of a particularly long car. This was often the case with early ambulances, which were converted (or even serving) hearses, as these were some of the few vehicles able to accept a human body in a supine position. Some operators use modular-body transport ambulances based on the chassis of a minivan and station wagon. Motorcycle and motor scooter – In urban areas, these may be used for rapid response in an emergency as they can travel through heavy traffic much faster than a car or van. Trailers or sidecars can make these patient transporting units. See also motorcycle ambulance. Patient being loaded into a medical helicopter Bicycle – Used for response, but usually in pedestrian-only areas where large vehicles find access difficult. Like the motorcycle ambulance, a bicycle may be connected to a trailer for patient transport, most often in the developing world. See also cycle responder. All-terrain vehicle (ATV) – for example quad bikes; these are used for response off-road, especially at events. ATVs can be modified to carry a stretcher, and are used for tasks such as mountain rescue in inaccessible areas. Golf Cart converted into an ambulance Golf cart or Neighborhood Electric Vehicle – Used for rapid response at events or on campuses. These function similarly to ATVs, with less rough terrain capability, but with less noise. Helicopter – Usually used for emergency care, either in places inaccessible by road, or in areas where speed is of the essence, as they are able to travel significantly faster than a road ambulance. Helicopter and fixed-wing ambulances are discussed in greater detail at air ambulance. Fixed-wing aircraft – These can be used for either acute emergency care in remote areas (such as in Australia, with the 'Flying Doctors'), for patient transport over long distances (e.g. a re-patriation following an illness or injury in a foreign country), or transportation between distant hospitals. Helicopter and fixed-wing ambulances are discussed in greater detail at air ambulance. Boat – Boats can be used to serve as ambulances, especially in island areas or in areas with a large number of canals, such as the Venetian water ambulances. Some lifeboats or lifeguard vessels may fit the description of an ambulance as they are used to transport a casualty. Bus – In some cases, buses can be used for multiple casualty transport, either for the purposes of taking patients on journeys, in the context of major incidents, or to deal with specific problems such as drunken patients in town centres. Ambulance buses are discussed at greater length in their own article. Trailer – In some instances a trailer, which can be towed behind a self-propelled vehicle can be used. This permits flexibility in areas with minimal access to vehicles, such as on small islands. Horse and cart – Especially in developing world areas, more traditional methods of transport include transport such as horse and cart, used in much the same way as motorcycle or bicycle stretcher units to transport to a local clinic. Fire engine – Fire services (especially in North America) often train firefighters to respond to medical emergencies and most apparatuses carry at least basic medical supplies. By design, most apparatuses cannot transport patients unless they can sit in the cab.","The most common types of vehicle used as an ambulance are cars, vans or pickup trucks. Depending on many factors, such as accessibility to the patient and/or medical services or the urgency of treatment, other types of vehicles are used as well, including: bicycles, all-terrain vehicles, golf carts, helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, boats, busses, trailers, horse and cart, and fire engines.",summarization What is an Aeolosaurini?,"Aeolosaurini is an extinct clade of titanosaurian dinosaurs known from the Cretaceous period of Argentina and Brazil. Rodrigo M. Santucci and Antonio C. de Arruda-Campos (2011) in their cladistic analysis found Aeolosaurus, Gondwanatitan, Maxakalisaurus, Panamericansaurus and Rinconsaurus to be aeolosaurids. Aeolosaurini is characterized by several synapomorphies of the caudal vertebrae, such as angled centra, elongate prezygapophyses, and neural arches shifted anteriorly relative to the centra. In life, their tails may have been strongly curved downward as a result of these traits, which may have increased the force exerted by the caudofemoralis longus muscle in retracting the hindlimb. Some aeolosaurins, such as Shingopana and Overosaurus, were relatively small compared to other titanosaurs, whereas others, such as Aeolosaurus maximus, were large.","Aeolosaurini is an extinct clade of titanosaurian dinosaurs known from the Cretaceous period of Argentina and Brazil. Aeolosaurini is characterized by several synapomorphies of the caudal vertebrae, such as angled centra, elongate prezygapophyses, and neural arches shifted anteriorly relative to the centra.",summarization What is the colloquial term for LSD?,"Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD (from German Lysergsäure-diethylamid), also known colloquially as acid, is a potent psychedelic drug. Effects typically include intensified thoughts, emotions, and sensory perception. At sufficiently high dosages LSD manifests primarily mental, visual, as well as auditory, hallucinations. Dilated pupils, increased blood pressure, and increased body temperature are typical. Effects typically begin within half an hour and can last for up to 20 hours. LSD is also capable of causing mystical experiences and ego dissolution. It is used mainly as a recreational drug or for spiritual reasons. LSD is both the prototypical psychedelic and one of the ""classical"" psychedelics, being the psychedelics with the greatest scientific and cultural significance. LSD is typically either swallowed or held under the tongue.",Lysergic acid diethylamide is commonly known as LSD or acid,closed_qa What was the The McIntosh County Seat War,"The McIntosh County Seat War was a dispute in Oklahoma over the location of the McIntosh County seat that took place between 1907 and 1909. Following a pair of elections that resulted in the town of Checotah being designated as the new county seat, the people of Eufaula refused to hand over the county records. As a result, a group of heavily armed men from Chectotah attempted to seize the records, but were forced to surrender during the gunbattle that ensued. One year later, after another close election, Eufaula became the permanent county seat.","The McIntosh County Seat War was a dispute in Oklahoma over the location of the McIntosh County seat that took place between 1907 and 1909. Following a pair of elections that resulted in the town of Checotah being designated as the new county seat, the people of Eufaula refused to hand over the county records. As a result, a group of heavily armed men from Chectotah attempted to seize the records, but were forced to surrender during the gunbattle that ensued. One year later, after another close election, Eufaula became the permanent county seat.",closed_qa Where do sloths live?,,"Sloths are found throughout Central America and northern South America, including parts of Brazil and Peru. They live high in the trees of tropical rainforests, where they spend most of their time curled up or hanging upside down from branches.",creative_writing How old is Tamil language?,"Tamil is one of the longest-surviving classical languages of India. A. K. Ramanujan described it as ""the only language of contemporary India which is recognizably continuous with a classical past"". The variety and quality of classical Tamil literature has led to it being described as ""one of the great classical traditions and literatures of the world"". Recorded Tamil literature has been documented for over 2000 years. The earliest period of Tamil literature, Sangam literature, is dated from c. 300 BC until AD 300. It has the oldest extant literature among Dravidian languages. The earliest epigraphic records found on rock edicts and 'hero stones' date from around the 3rd century BC. About 60,000 of the approximately 100,000 inscriptions found by the Archaeological Survey of India in India are in Tamil Nadu. Of them, most are in Tamil, with only about 5 percent in other languages. Tamil language inscriptions written in Brahmi script have been discovered in Sri Lanka and on trade goods in Thailand and Egypt. The two earliest manuscripts from India, acknowledged and registered by the UNESCO Memory of the World register in 1997 and 2005, were written in Tamil.",Tamil language is one of the oldest and longest surviving classical language and is existing from 300 BC. Tamil as a literature has been documented for over 2000 years. Earliest epigraphic records found on rocks date back to 3rd century BC. It is also the official language of Singapore and Sri lanka apart from Tamil Nadu state in India.,closed_qa Who was crucified in the crucifixion painting,"The Crucifixion with the Virgin and St John is an oil painting by the Dutch artist Hendrick ter Brugghen, probably painted around 1625 as an altarpiece for a Catholic clandestine church likely located in Utrecht in the Calvinist Dutch United Provinces. The scene is taken from the account of the crucifixion of Jesus in Gospel of John, and depicts Jesus being mourned by his mother Mary and John the Apostle. At the base of the cross are bones, traditionally identified as those of Adam. The scene is set in an atmosphere of deep dusk with stars visible in the background. The painting was not known until it was discovered in a bombed-out church in South Hackney, London, in 1956. Initially unrecognized, it was identified before an appearance at Sotheby's later that year. It was acquired by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, where it now hangs.","Jesus Christ. The oil painting is of a scene from the account of the Gospel of John",information_extraction What is a plot hole?,,"A plot hole is a plot point that happens in a fictional story, such as a movie, that contradicts the established logic of the story. For example, if a character is established as being extremely selfish, but in one scene he gives money to another character in need for no apparent reason, this would be a plot hole as this development would not make sense to a reasonable audience member. Most plot holes can still be explained if someone tries hard enough, but if the story does not give enough clues for an audience member to easily understand what is going on, it is a plot hole. Plot holes have different effects on different people. Some people are taken out of the story when they notice a plot hole. Others never notice it. Still others notice plot holes or learn of them afterwards, but do not mind the plot holes.",open_qa The Awards ceremony for 63rd Grammy Awards was held at which place?,,Los Angeles,open_qa List the agricultural reasons why sheep were domesticated,"Sheep are most likely descended from the wild mouflon of Europe and Asia, with Iran being a geographic envelope of the domestication center. One of the earliest animals to be domesticated for agricultural purposes, sheep are raised for fleeces, meat (lamb, hogget or mutton) and milk. A sheep's wool is the most widely used animal fiber, and is usually harvested by shearing. In Commonwealth countries, ovine meat is called lamb when from younger animals and mutton when from older ones; in the United States, meat from both older and younger animals is usually called lamb. Sheep continue to be important for wool and meat today, and are also occasionally raised for pelts, as dairy animals, or as model organisms for science.","Here is a list of the agricultural reasons why sheep were domesticated: * Fleeces - A sheep's wool is the most widely used animal fiber and is usually harvested by shearing * Meat - Sheep are domesticated for their meet in Commonwealth countries (called lamb when from younger animals and mutton when from older ones) and in the United States (meat from both older and younger animals is usually called lamb) * Milk - Sheep are occasionally raised as dairy animals",information_extraction What is a database schema?,"The database schema is the structure of a database described in a formal language supported by the database management system (DBMS). The term ""schema"" refers to the organization of data as a blueprint of how the database is constructed (divided into database tables in the case of relational databases). The formal definition of a database schema is a set of formulas (sentences) called integrity constraints imposed on a database.[citation needed] These integrity constraints ensure compatibility between parts of the schema. All constraints are expressible in the same language. A database can be considered a structure in realization of the database language. The states of a created conceptual schema are transformed into an explicit mapping, the database schema. This describes how real-world entities are modeled in the database.",It is the structure of a database -- as described in a formal language supported by the database management system. It refers to the organization of data as a blueprint for how the database is built (eg comprised of tables in the case of relational databases).,summarization What makes a Korean corn dog different from an American corn dog?,,"Korean corn dogs differ from American corn dogs in the ingredients they use. Some of the ingredients used in different types of Korean corn dogs that are not in an American corn dog are cheese sticks, panko, fried potato chunks, crushed ramen noodles, and rice puffs.",brainstorming write a linkedin informal message asking to an existing company employee for tips and guidelines for the specific role in their company. It should not be direct. Also ask about there experience or journey. and how to prepare to crack the exam and interview. It should be short.,,"Good Evening [Referrer], Can you please guide me and share your experience of your Software Engineer Intern Journey at [Company]. And how to prepare for the online tests and technical interviews. Anything specific which can help us to prepare for the same. It will be beneficial to prepare in short span of time.",creative_writing "Given a reference text about spaghetti, what shape is it, where did it originate, and are there any variations of it?","Spaghetti is a long, thin, solid, cylindrical pasta. It is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine. Like other pasta, spaghetti is made of milled wheat, water, and sometimes enriched with vitamins and minerals. Italian spaghetti is typically made from durum-wheat semolina. Usually the pasta is white because refined flour is used, but whole wheat flour may be added. Spaghettoni is a thicker form of spaghetti, while spaghettini is a thinner form. Capellini is a very thin spaghetti, sometimes known colloquially as ""angel hair pasta"".","The shape of spaghetti is long, thin, and cylindrical. It traditionally comes from Italy and has a two variations - those being Spaghettoni, which is thicker, and capellini, which is thiner and sometime called 'angel hair pasta'.",closed_qa "Based on this paragraph, where was the The Ford Telstar sold?","The Ford Telstar is an automobile that was sold by Ford in Asia, Australasia and Africa, comparable in size to the European Ford Sierra and the North American Ford Tempo. It was progressively replaced by the Ford Mondeo. It was named after the Telstar satellite.","Asia, Australasia and Africa",closed_qa Who is Romain Iannetta,"Romain Iannetta (born 27 November 1979 in Villecresnes) is a French racing driver who last competed in the GT4 European Series, driving the No. 77 Audi R8 LMS GT4 Evo for Full Motorsport. He also competes part-time in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series as the driver of the No. 46 Chevrolet Camaro for Marko Stipp Motorsport in the EuroNASCAR PRO class. He is the nephew of driver Alain Iannetta who participated in 24 Hours of Le Mans three times (1988, 1989 and 1990). In parallel to his passion, Romain is an instructor at the flight school PRO'PULSION (Dreux and Issoire) and driving Ferrari 360 Modena for JMB Racing. He also worked for many auto manufacturers at the launch of new vehicles on the market (Volkswagen, Audi, Citroën, Renault, Alfa Romeo...). It began in 2000 in the trade of automotive stunt team CINE CASCADE directed by Jean-Claude Lagnes. It revolves mainly around feature films such as: Le Boulet, Ripoux 3, San Antonio, Hush!, Taxi, 36 Quai des Orfèvres, The Bourne Identity and The Mental Love your father. He was awarded the World Stunt Awards in the United States for the best sequence on a vehicle for the year 2003 for the film ""The Bourne Identity"".","Romain Iannetta (born 27 November 1979 in Villecresnes) is a French racing driver who last competed in the GT4 European Series, driving the No. 77 Audi R8 LMS GT4 Evo for Full Motorsport. He also competes part-time in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series as the driver of the No. 46 Chevrolet Camaro for Marko Stipp Motorsport in the EuroNASCAR PRO class. He is the nephew of driver Alain Iannetta who participated in 24 Hours of Le Mans three times (1988, 1989 and 1990). In parallel to his passion, Romain is an instructor at the flight school PRO'PULSION (Dreux and Issoire) and driving Ferrari 360 Modena for JMB Racing. He also worked for many auto manufacturers at the launch of new vehicles on the market (Volkswagen, Audi, Citroen, Renault, Alfa Romeo...). It began in 2000 in the trade of automotive stunt team CINE CASCADE directed by Jean-Claude Lagnes. It revolves mainly around feature films such as: Le Boulet, Ripoux 3, San Antonio, Hush!, Taxi, 36 Quai des Orfèvres, The Bourne Identity and The Mental Love your father. He was awarded the World Stunt Awards in the United States for the best sequence on a vehicle for the year 2003 for the film The Bourne Identity.",closed_qa What are some Australian beer brands that have low or no alcohol?,,"No alcohol beer is very popular in Australia. Most brands have an alchohol free version but there are brand that have alcohol free as their primary product line. Beers to try are Nort, Heaps Normal and Big Drop Brewing Co.",brainstorming "If Newton's first law says an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted on by an outside force, why does my spinning top stop spinning?",,"Your spinning top stops spinning because it is being acted on by outside forces. Specifically, your spinning top is losing energy due to friction with the ground and air. That energy is being lost to sound and heat as your spinning top pushes against the air in the room and rubs against the floor.",open_qa Who was Bran the Builder?,,"Brandon Stark, known as Bran(don) the Builder, is purported to have lived during the Age of Heroes and was the founder of House Stark. Legend claims he built Winterfell and the magical Wall.",open_qa "From the paragraph provided, extract the mechanisms of heat transfer.","Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy (heat) between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes. Engineers also consider the transfer of mass of differing chemical species (mass transfer in the form of advection), either cold or hot, to achieve heat transfer. While these mechanisms have distinct characteristics, they often occur simultaneously in the same system.","The mechanisms of heat transfer include thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes, although engineers also consider mass transfer in the form of advection a form of heat transfer.",information_extraction Why will the Golden State Warriors win the 2023 NBA Finals?,,"The Warriors have been a dynasty for over 10 years now and with Steph Curry, Klay Thompson and Draymond Green still playing they will always be a contender for the foreseeable future. Steph Curry is still playing like he is in his prime even at age 35 and he has solidified himself as the greatest player of all time. With the playoffs about to start, the warriors will most likely play the Sacramento Kings in which it looks as if it is an easy sweep for them to build momentum and confidence to carry themselves to another title this year.",open_qa What is AWS ECS?,,"Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) is a highly scalable, high performance container management service that supports Docker containers and allows you to easily run applications on a managed cluster of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances.",open_qa What are the three largest ethnic groups in Kenya?,"Kenya has a diverse population that includes many of Africa's major ethnoracial and linguistic groups. Although there is no official list of Kenyan ethnic groups, the number of ethnic categories and sub-categories recorded in the country's census has changed significantly over time, expanding from 42 in 1969 to more than 120 in 2019. Most residents are Bantus (60%) or Nilotes (30%). Cushitic groups also form a small ethnic minority, as do Arabs, Indians, and Europeans. According to the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), in 2019, Kenya had a total population of 47,564,296. The largest native ethnic groups were the Kikuyu (8,148,668), Luhya (6,823,842), Kalenjin (6,358,113), Luo (5,066,966), Kamba (4,663,910), Somali (2,780,502), Kisii (2,703,235), Mijikenda (2,488,691), Meru (1,975,869), Maasai (1,189,522), and Turkana (1,016,174). The North Eastern Province of Kenya, formerly known as NFD, is predominantly inhabited by the indigenous ethnic Somalis. Foreign-rooted populations include Arabs, Asians, and Europeans.","The largest ethnic groups in Kenya are the Kikuyu, Luhya, and Kalenjin.",information_extraction "Given these paragraphs about Hydrogen Storage, what are some of its use cases?","Several methods exist for storing hydrogen. These include mechanical approaches such as using high pressures and low temperatures, or employing chemical compounds that release H2 upon demand. While large amounts of hydrogen are produced by various industries, it is mostly consumed at the site of production, notably for the synthesis of ammonia. For many years hydrogen has been stored as compressed gas or cryogenic liquid, and transported as such in cylinders, tubes, and cryogenic tanks for use in industry or as propellant in space programs. Interest in using hydrogen for on-board storage of energy in zero-emissions vehicles is motivating the development of new methods of storage, more adapted to this new application. The overarching challenge is the very low boiling point of H2: it boils around 20.268 K (−252.882 °C or −423.188 °F). Achieving such low temperatures requires expending significant energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_storage","It's been used in the industry or as propellant in space programs. Interest in using hydrogen for on-board storage of energy in zero-emissions vehicles is motivating the development of new methods of storage, more adapted to this new application.",closed_qa What are Newton’s laws of motion?,,"Newton’s laws of motion are three fundamental laws residing in mechanical physics. These laws describe the relationship of objects, the paths of motion, and the forces that are in action between them. Newton’s laws are as follows: - An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion unless acted upon by an external force. - The force of an object is equivalent to that object’s mass multiplied by that object’s acceleration. (F=ma) - For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.",open_qa What is the Make Something Edmonton Initiative?,"Make Something Edmonton is a community building initiative that resulted from the creation of a task force on City image and reputation in July 2012 in Edmonton, Alberta. The task force is co-chaired by entrepreneur Chris LaBossiere and Rapid Fire Theatre artistic director Amy Shostak. The creative concept behind the initiative was articulated by local writer and entrepreneur Todd Babiak. The central idea behind the initiative is that ""Edmonton is an unusually good city to create something from nothing, to launch a new idea, to build, to get ‘er done, to make something.""","The Make Something Edmonton is a community building initiative that resulted from the creation of a task force on City image and reputation in July 2012 in Edmonton, Alberta. The task force is co-chaired by entrepreneur Chris LaBossiere and Rapid Fire Theatre artistic director Amy Shostak. The creative concept behind the initiative was articulated by local writer and entrepreneur Todd Babiak.",summarization Why should I rent my house to you?,,"Thank you again for speaking with me yesterday about the lovely home at 2225 Brittan Avenue, and for showing it to my dad, and to my boyfriend on Sunday. As I mentioned, we are very interested in leasing this property and I hope you will share this with the letter with the individuals who are leasing it out. My parents live on Main Street, and are deeply engaged in the community, whether it is organizing the annual Main Street block party, bringing an elderly neighbor a home cooked meal, or sharing gardening tips and seedlings with local kids. Our family of four also have the benefit of being engaged in the community, and knowing the neighborhood well. My parents have lived here since 2007, and the boys and I lived with them for the first seven years of my youngest son’s life. We are thrilled at the opportunity to live close enough to run down the street for dinner a few times a week, see the neighbors we’ve known for 15 years, plus the fact that my parents drive the boys to school a few times a week. As discussed, we have two very well-behaved and small (under 10 lbs) cats we adopted last year. They are the light of our lives and provide us with lots of cuddles and laughs. The boys especially would be very sad to leave them behind, so we hope that a small exception could be made to have them join us at 2225 Brittan Ave. Beyond the location, we love the house, with the wood floors and all the light. And the boys are very excited to each have their own rooms! We hope that you will consider our family for the home. We've attached applications, driver's licenses, pay stubs, and credit reports. In order to afford the cost of living closer, my dad will be acting as Grantor. We would be more than happy to put down our deposit upon approval with a move-in date of 3/15/22. Please let us know if you need any additional information to make your decision, and we look forward to hearing from you.",creative_writing "Given the reference text, what is log rotation in information technology?","log rotation is an automated process used in system administration in which log files are compressed, moved (archived), renamed or deleted once they are too old or too big","In information technology, log rotation is an automated process used in system administration in which log files are compressed, moved (archived), renamed or deleted once they are too old or too big (there can be other metrics that can apply here). New incoming log data is directed into a new fresh file (at the same location).",closed_qa Things to consider when applying for a new job...,,"Consider the following before actually applying for a job; career goals, industries to consider, location, size of companies, qualifications for new roles and why are you actually making a change. These considerations will help you create a focus on the type of role, company, location, and industry that will be fulfilling to your next role. Once you've mapped this out, then look at your network of friends, family and acquaintances that you can engage and learn from. Exploring information from those within the target roles/companies will help you confirm your goals are being met in the new role search. Spend time doing research about the sector and various companies that interest you. Understand where those companies and the industry sector is headed in the future? (i.e. is it growing, stable, or shrinking?). Once you feel comfortable and knowledgeable, use networking to engage companies and hiring managers. (Don't be afraid to send that linkedin message) As a word of warning, do not directly apply to multiple jobs in the same company as it tends to come across as desperate and with a lack of focus on specific career goals.",creative_writing "On a trip to the beach, what can I do to prevent getting sun burned?",,"Here are some things you can do to prevent being sun burned at the beach: - Don't go to the beach if the UV is over 7 - Bring a tent to the beach so you can be in the shade - Wear strong sunscreen and reapply it regularly - Wear SPF protected long sleeve shirts - Wear a hat to cover your head and face",brainstorming Why is it so rare to see a unseeded tennis player win a grand slam?,,"To raise a grand slam trophy, a player has to win 7 consecutive best of 5 set matches and in all likelihood against several top 10 players. Tennis is considered to be a demanding sport both physically and mentally. The players have to be in top shape and be ready to duel out many tough 5 set matches during the course of the slam. During grand slam matches, players can run anywhere from 3 to 4 miles with most of the movement being lateral. The top players have the distinct advantage that they have large support staff including dedicated physios and massage therapists who can get the player ready for subsequent matches. Besides, the top players have coaches who may have themselves won slams, and thus carry a wealth of experience. Sometimes players also enlist the services of data analysts who can do opponent video/data analysis to determine patterns/preferences of opponents. Such massive support staff carry a lot of payroll that most unseeded players cannot afford. For this reason, though at times we see a qualifier make it through to later stages of a slam, they will rarely ever get past quarter finals let alone win a grand slam.",creative_writing Give me a list of pros and cons of buying a bigger house,,"Buying a bigger house is a major life decision involving many factors. Pros include - room for more people, especially helpful if you’re growing a family or you like to host - room for gear such as exercise equipment or a spa - bigger homes may include more land which can provide solitude and a larger area for various outdoor activities Cons include - bigger homes may be more expensive to purchase - bigger homes may be more challenging to maintain and clean",brainstorming What is social media and how is it used?,,"Social media are technologies that people interact with that enable them to share things like photos, documents, information, ideas, politics, and interests with other people. They are a way for people to make new friends who have similar interests. Social media is also used in dating and finding love too. It has even been used to find talent all over the world even from under developed nations where only a camera and internet connection is needed to showcase your talent to the world. Social media is also used for selling and buying too.",open_qa Describe the main areas of assembly in an automotive factory.,,"A traditional automotive assembly has a number of process areas in order to produce a vehicle. The process begins with chassis assembly where the lower frame of the vehicle is welded. In parallel, the body shop produces the body shell which then moves to the paint shop to be painted. The painted body is then married with the chassis and interior components such as the engine, transmission, seats, and infotainment subsystems are assembled onto the vehicle. Lastly, the vehicle undergoes a quality assurance step to ensure the finished automobile functions as intended.",creative_writing What is Chiropractic treatment?,"Spinal manipulation, which chiropractors call ""spinal adjustment"" or ""chiropractic adjustment"", is the most common treatment used in chiropractic care. Spinal manipulation is a passive manual maneuver during which a three-joint complex is taken past the normal range of movement, but not so far as to dislocate or damage the joint.","Chiropractic treatment includes spinal adjustment or chiropractic adjustment which is a process in which manual and light adjustments are made to the spinal joints past the normal movement range, avoiding joint damage",summarization Who is the 46th president of the United States?,"From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia President of the United States of America Seal of the President of the United States.svg Seal of the President of the United States Flag of the President of the United States.svg Flag of the President of the United States Joe Biden presidential portrait.jpg Incumbent Joe Biden since January 20, 2021 Executive branch of the U.S. government Executive Office of the President Style Mr. President (informal) The Honorable (formal) His Excellency (diplomatic) Type Head of state Head of government Abbreviation POTUS Member of Cabinet Domestic Policy Council National Economic Council National Security Council Residence White House Seat Washington, D.C. Appointer Electoral College Term length Four years, renewable once Constituting instrument Constitution of the United States Inaugural holder George Washington Formation March 4, 1789 (234 years ago) Deputy Vice President of the United States Salary $400,000 (annually) Website whitehouse.gov This article is part of a series on the Politics of the United States of America Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg Federal Government Legislature Executive Judiciary Elections Political parties Federalism Other countriesAtlas vte The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America and the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is also the head of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and is the chairman of the presidential cabinet. Joe Biden is the 46th and current president of the United States, in office since January 2021. Eligibility and requirements Article II, Section 1, Clause 5 of the constitution states for a person to serve as president must: be a natural-born citizen of the United States. [note 1] be at least thirty-five years old. be a permanent resident in the United States for at least fourteen years. Election process and presidential terms The president is indirectly elected by the people through the Electoral College to a four-year term, along with the vice presidential candidate and the incumbent vice president of the United States. The presidential candidate or incumbent president must have at least 270 electoral college votes in order to win the election. Under the Twenty-second amendment to the constitution prevents anyone from being elected president more than twice. This amendment was added after Franklin Roosevelt served four terms from 1933 until his death in 1945. President-elect of the United States The president-elect of the United States is the candidate who has won the United States presidential election and is awaiting inauguration to become the president. Presidential inauguration The United States Capitol Building, during the inauguration of Joe Biden, January 2021. Joe Biden at his presidential inauguration as he takes the presidential office of office. The president and vice president-elect immediately began their four-year team on inauguration day every four years on January 20. The original inauguration date was held on March 4, but was later changed in 1933. Executive Office of the President The Executive Office of the President consists of the offices and agencies that support the work of the president at the center of the executive branch of the United States federal government. The office consists of several offices and agencies, such as the White House Office, the staff working directly for and reporting to the president, including White House staff, the National Security Council, and the Office of Management and Budget. Presidential line of succession If the president dies, reigns, or is impeached, the vice president will succeed the presidential office and duties. fifteen other federal government officials also rank in the succession of the president. Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley, and John F. Kennedy were assassinated while in office. William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Warren G. Harding and Franklin Roosevelt died from illness while president. Calvin Coolidge became president, when Warren G. Harding died while in office. Richard Nixon is the only U.S. president to have resigned from office. Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton, and Donald Trump are the only presidents to have been impeached.","The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America and the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is also the head of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and is the chairman of the presidential cabinet. Joe Biden is the 46th and current president of the United States, in office since January 2021.",closed_qa Extract the reason why Anderson got the nickname 'Slow Mo',"Anderson plays at a deliberate pace, and he is not as fast as more athletically gifted players. Popovich stated that he is ""not what you’d call a typical NBA athlete"". However, Anderson is praised for his basketball IQ. He is able to change speeds and fake out his opponents to keep them off balance. His methodical style earned him the nickname ""Slow Mo"" in eighth grade in AAU, and the name has stuck with him. ""[He] really understands how to use his speed—he's not super fast, but he's super bright and really knows how to use angles,"" said Kevin Boyle, who coached Anderson on the national team in 2012. USA Today described him as ""languid but quick enough to lead the fast break"". Anderson's defense was considered a weakness. In college, his teams usually played zone as he struggled containing smaller, quicker guards while playing man-to-man. His defense improved with the Spurs in 2017–18, when he guarded both forward positions while leveraging his wingspan and instincts. Against quicker small forwards, he uses his physicality to keep players off balance.","The reason is because Anderson plays at a deliberate pace, slower than most other peer players, while being able to use his high basketball IQ to change speeds and fake out his opponents on the court.",information_extraction Which is a species of fish? Tiger barb or Sabretooth,,Tiger barb,classification How to people buy parts for classic cars that are no longer in production?,,"A challenge to owning a classic car is buying replacement parts when original components fail. There are a few options, some specialty supply houses create reproduction parts, but depending on the popularity of the car the availability is mixed, it can take some time for a custom part to be fabricated and it can be a costly option. If the failed part is on hand, you can take the part to a local supply house, and compare the specs to modern parts in the parts catalog, and select the closest matching part. This is a good option for items like fuel filters and brake pads that have similar dimensions and functionality of the original part. In some cases, it may be easier to upgrade a component, such as removing a generator and replacing it with an alternator to upgrade the reliability of the classic car.",open_qa Who were the Ottomans?,"The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror.","The Ottomans belonged to the Ottoman empire which was founded in Anatolia, a region in Turkey and over the centuries spread more vastly to become a transcontinental empire.",closed_qa What are some good yoga poses for beginners?,,"The practice of yoga can be a beneficial addition to a healthy lifestyle. Yoga is considered to increase flexibility and muscle strength. A few positions for beginners include : 1. Downward facing dog 2. Mountain pose 3. Warrior I 4. Warrior II 5. Triangle pose These gentler positions provide a safe introduction to the practice of yoga for beginners",open_qa Which DJ Introduced BeatBullyz on the BBC Introducting stage?,"Since their formation, the Beatbullyz have had a busy career performing at local venues in Swindon. In 2008, they came 1st in Channel 4's unsigned band competition, which won them a chance to star in the soap opera Hollyoaks. In the same year, they released their album Rootz. In 2009, they got their break in the form of Radio 1's Big Weekend in Swindon, where they appeared on the ""BBC Introducing"" stage, introduced by Radio 1 DJ Huw Stephens. He invited them back for the Maida Vale Session in July. In August that year, they performed at the Moonfest as well as supporting Example in the later part of 2009. In February 2010, they shared a stage with Scouting for Girls and backed N Dubz on their tour throughout March into April. Dappy from N Dubz said ""Beatbullyz are too unique, I love them, no-one sounds like them, Beatbullyz all the way man."" They played their own gigs throughout April, including a performance at the Playaway Festival. The next month they were back at Radio 1's Big Weekend in Wales where Fearne Cotten introduced them, pledging her support when they headlined the BBC Introducing stage. They released their debut single Skillz that May. In 2010 they shared a stage with Eliza Doolittle and performed at the Wireless Festival in July. They unveiled their second release, Bounce and then their third release Human Nature and the last release single Heartbeat Ft Lizzy Paterson.Beatbullyz played at the Big Arts Day in Swindon at Lydiard Park. They carried on touring, sharing the stage with such acts as Professor Green and Tinchy Stryder at Spa Bidlington. They recorded a track with, Lizzie Patterson, sister of Robert Patterson, in 2010. In August, they supported Jason Derulo on his UK tour as well as doing their own tour ending in February 2011. In September 2010, Beatbullyz released their album Human Nature and throughout December supported JLS on their tour across the UK in 2010. They supported Example in their hometown Swindon at the MECA. Bozo is featured on a track with another local from Swindon, Daine Gooden. In May 2011 they supported Coolio.",DJ Huw Stephens introduced BeatBullyz on the BBC Introducing stage on Radio 1.,closed_qa Can formula feeding cause NEC in a pre-mature infant?,"Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal disease that affects premature or very low birth weight infants. Symptoms may include poor feeding, bloating, decreased activity, blood in the stool, vomiting of bile, bowel death, multiorgan failure, and even death. The exact cause is unclear. However, several risk factors have been identified. Consistently described risk factors include formula feeding, intestinal dysbiosis, low birth weight, and prematurity. Maternal factors such as chorioamnionitis, cocaine abuse, in utero growth restriction, intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy, increased body mass index, lack of prenatal steroids, mode of delivery, placental abruption, preeclampsia, and smoking have not been consistently implicated with the development of NEC. Other risk factors potentially implicated include congenital heart disease, birth asphyxia, exchange transfusion, and prelabor rupture of membranes. The underlying mechanism is believed to involve a combination of poor blood flow and infection of the intestines. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and confirmed with medical imaging.","Yes, formula feeding can increase the risk of an pre-mature infant getting Necrotizing enterocolitis.",information_extraction "Given a reference text about Justice League Dark, tell me who the main actors are and what roles they played.","Justice League Dark is a 2017 American adult animated science fantasy superhero film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and distributed by Warner Home Video. Featuring the DC Comics team of the same name created by Peter Milligan and Mikel Janín, the film is the 27th of the DC Universe Animated Original Movies and the eighth of the DC Animated Movie Universe. Unlike most installments in the DC Animated Universe Movies series, Justice League Dark features an original premise. The film stars Matt Ryan as John Constantine and Jason O'Mara as Batman, reprising their respective roles from previous media. It was released on Digital HD on January 24, 2017, and on DVD and Blu-ray on February 7. A sequel, Justice League Dark: Apokolips War, was released in May 2020.","The main actors in Justice League Dark were Matt Ryan and Jason O'Mara. In the film, Matt Ryan is John Constantine and Jason O'Mara is Batman.",closed_qa Why do players smear black under their eyes?,,"Black eye smear reduces the blinding sunlight when looking up towards the sun, when catching/hitting the ball",open_qa What is Anandapuram mandal,"Anandapuram mandal is one of the 46 mandals in Visakhapatnam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Visakhapatnam revenue division and the headquarters are located at Anandapuram. Anandapuram mandal is bounded by Bheemunipatnam mandal to the east, Chinagadila to the south, Padmanabham to the north and Kothavalasa to the west.",Anandapuram mandal is one of the 46 mandals in Visakhapatnam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Visakhapatnam revenue division and the headquarters are located at Anandapuram.,summarization Where to visit in Brazil?,,"It depends what you are looking for. Brazil is known for the amazon forest, carnival and beaches in Rio but there are a lot more to explore. There are pretty interesting cities, such as São Paulo, Curitiba and Recife. São Paulo has a great mix of culture and gastronomy, the city is vibrant and have bakeries that stay up all night. Curitiba became a leader in urban sustainability and also has a cultural aspect to it. Recife is a city in the northeastern state of Pernambuco, it has a night life in its old town, Recife antigo and some beaches as well. During the month of February the city has a vibrant carnival celebration, tourists and residents go out to the street to dance and celebrate, where you can see people of all ages. Besides the cities, Brazil has beautiful warm beaches in its northeastern states. From the Bahia state to Ceára state, there are many paradisiac beaches to visit. Be aware that road tripping in Brazil is not always safe and you need to speak Portuguese since you will find English speakers only in the main hotels and resorts. Stay in the main cities of Salvador, Aracajú, Maceió, Recife, João Pessoa, Natal and Fortaleza to experience the most development and tourist services.",open_qa Why is it a good idea to walk every day?,,Walking is a good exercise for burning calories without causing any damage to joints. People of any age can do it and a few miles a day can result in positive effects on cardiovascular health and general fitness.,open_qa A client with whom you have been training for 10 weeks retakes a submaximal exercise test and finds that his heart rate is lower at each stage (workload) of the test. He is bothered by this because he thought his heart would be stronger and beat more times per minute. Brainstorm an easy-to-understand explanation to help him understand what is going on. How would you respond?,,"I would explain that, counterintuitively, the stronger your heart is, the less you can expect it to beat (lower heart rate). To explain it simply, his heart is more efficient; being able to pump the necessary amount of oxygen into his body without contracting as many times as before, i.e. the muscles of his heart are stronger. He can relax because his lower heart rate means he has better cardiovascular health now!",brainstorming "Is Chi Kraeng River in South America, Southeast Asia, or Australia?","Chi Kraeng River is a river in Cambodia. It is a major tributary of the Tonlé Sap. The name means ""great ancestor"" in Khmer.",Southeast Asia,closed_qa Where can you find Lygodactylus gutturalis?,"Lygodactylus gutturalis, also known as the Uganda dwarf gecko or chevron-throated dwarf gecko, is a species of gecko. It is widely distributed in Sub-Saharan Africa from near the Equator northward. Subspecies Lygodactylus gutturalis dysmicus is endemic to Cameroon, and subspecies Lygodactylus gutturalis paurospilus to Tanzania.",Lygodactylus gutturalis is a species of gecko commonly found in Sub-Saharan Africa from near the Equator northward.,closed_qa What is National Financial Switch or NFS?,,"National Financial Switch (NFS) is the largest network of shared automated teller machines (ATMs) in India. It was designed, developed and deployed by the Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT) in 2004, with the goal of inter-connecting the ATMs in the country and facilitating convenience banking. It is run by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI). As on 31st January’ 22, there were 1,203 members that includes 111 Direct, 1,045 Sub members, 43 RRBs and 4 WLAOs using NFS network connected to more than 2.55 Lac ATM (including cash deposit machines/recyclers). The National Financial Switch was launched by the IDRBT on 27 August 2004, connecting the ATMs of three banks, Corporation Bank, Bank of Baroda and ICICI Bank.The IDRBT then worked towards bringing all major banks in India on board and by December 2009, the network had grown to connect 49,880 ATMs of 37 banks, thereby emerging as the largest network of shared ATMs in the country.",open_qa Where is the city of Nasimerice,"Našiměřice (German: Aschmeritz) is a municipality and village in Znojmo District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. Našiměřice lies approximately 28 kilometres (17 mi) north-east of Znojmo, 32 km (20 mi) south-west of Brno, and 189 km (117 mi) south-east of Prague.","Nasimerice (German: Aschmeritz) is a municipality and village in Znojmo District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. Nasimerice lies approximately 28 kilometres (17 mi) north-east of Znojmo, 32 km (20 mi) south-west of Brno, and 189 km (117 mi) south-east of Prague.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph about KITS, tell me what station it's on and where its radio tower is located.","KITS (105.3 FM, ""105.3 Dave FM"") is a commercial radio station in San Francisco, California. Owned by Audacy, Inc., it broadcasts an adult hits radio format. The studios and offices are co-located with formerly co-owned KPIX-TV on Battery Street in the North Beach district of San Francisco. KITS's transmitter is located on Radio Road, at San Bruno Mountain in Daly City. It has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 15,000 watts, from a tower at 366 meters (1,201 feet) in height above average terrain. KITS broadcasts in the HD Radio format. Its HD2 subchannel formerly aired a gold-based modern rock format as Classic Live 105, inspired by its previous long-time tenure in the format as Live 105. The HD3 subchannel formerly carried ""Radio Zindagi,"" a South Asian radio service. These subchannels have since been turned off.","KITS plays on 105.3FM in San Francisco, California. Its radio tower is located on Radio Road at San Bruno Mountain in Daly City.",closed_qa Extract the ingredients in a Manhattan cocktail from this text and present them in a bulleted list.,"A Manhattan is a cocktail made with whiskey, sweet vermouth, and bitters. While rye is the traditional whiskey of choice, other commonly used whiskies include Canadian whisky, bourbon, blended whiskey, and Tennessee whiskey. The cocktail is usually stirred then strained into a cocktail glass and garnished traditionally with a maraschino cherry. A Manhattan may also be served on the rocks in a lowball glass.","The ingredients in a Manhattan cocktail are: - whiskey (rye, Canadian, bourbon, blended, Tennessee) - sweet vermouth - bitters - maraschino cherry (garnish)",information_extraction what are the rules of cricket ?,"Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are ""out""). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information. Forms of cricket range from Twenty20, with each team batting for a single innings of 20 overs (each ""over"" being a set of 6 fair opportunities for the batting team to score) and the game generally lasting three hours, to Test matches played over five days. Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours. In addition to the basic kit, some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball, which is a hard, solid spheroid made of compressed leather with a slightly raised sewn seam enclosing a cork core layered with tightly wound string. The earliest reference to cricket is in South East England in the mid-16th century. It spread globally with the expansion of the British Empire, with the first international matches in the second half of the 19th century. The game's governing body is the International Cricket Council (ICC), which has over 100 members, twelve of which are full members who play Test matches. The game's rules, the Laws of Cricket, are maintained by Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in London. The sport is followed primarily in South Asia, Australasia, the United Kingdom, Southern Africa and the West Indies. Women's cricket, which is organised and played separately, has also achieved international standard. The most successful side playing international cricket is Australia, which has won seven One Day International trophies, including five World Cups, more than any other country and has been the top-rated Test side more than any other country.","Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps.Forms of cricket range from Twenty20, with each team batting for a single innings of 20 overs (each ""over"" being a set of 6 fair opportunities for the batting team to score) and the game generally lasting three hours, to Test matches played over five days.The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are ""out"").",summarization What is a data warehouse and how are they used?,"In computing, a data warehouse (DW or DWH), also known as an enterprise data warehouse (EDW), is a system used for reporting and data analysis and is considered a core component of business intelligence. DWs are central repositories of integrated data from one or more disparate sources. They store current and historical data in one single place that are used for creating analytical reports for workers throughout the enterprise. This is beneficial for companies as it enables them to interrogate and draw insights from their data and make decisions. The data stored in the warehouse is uploaded from the operational systems (such as marketing or sales). The data may pass through an operational data store and may require data cleansing for additional operations to ensure data quality before it is used in the DW for reporting. Extract, transform, load (ETL) and extract, load, transform (ELT) are the two main approaches used to build a data warehouse system.","Data warehouses are systems which store current and historical information in a single place and are designed to perform reporting and data analysis. There are two main patterns to process data in a data warehouse: Extract, transform, load (ETL) and Extract Load and Transform (ELT)",summarization "Which of the following words starts with the letter S: Snake, Towel, Table, Shower, Yam, Butterfly, Apple",,"Snake, Shower",classification Name a very famous family of composers & musicians of late baroque,,"Bach family gave to the world few famous composers - Johann Sebastian Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, Johann Christian Bach and others",open_qa What horsepower does a BMW 1250GS produce,"The engine displaces 1,254 cc (76.5 cu in) with 102.5 mm bore × 76 mm stroke. The intake camshafts have two cam lobes per valve that can be switched within one cam revolution between partial-throttle and open-throttle cam profiles. Power and torque claimed by BMW are higher than the predecessor model at 134 horsepower (100 kW) at 7750 rpm and 105.5 pound force-feet (143.0 N⋅m) at 6250 rpm, with 4% better fuel economy.",The 2018 model of the 1250 GS produced 134 peak HP.,closed_qa Extract the year that the Balloon typeface was created from the following Wikipedia article.,"Balloon was a brush script commonly used for signage or display purposes. It was designed in 1939 by Max R. Kaufmann, for American Type Founders, in response to Howard Allen Trafton's Cartoon, cut for Bauer Type Foundry in 1936. It had no lowercase letters and was cast in Light, Bold, and Extra Bold. The two lighter weights were identical with Kaufmann Script and so could be used as alternate capitals for that face. It was most notably used in the Madeline books, TV series and film. The font was most famously known for the typeface of the Nickelodeon logo from late 1984 to 2009 in white letters with an orange splat background. This font was digitized by the now-defunct Bitstream Inc.",Balloon typeface was created in 1939 by Max R. Kaufmann.,information_extraction "Write a friendly, convincing e-mail to my landlord asking whether I can get a dog.",,"Dear landlord, I hope you've had a great start to your day and all is well! I've really enjoyed living in your building and amenities. In my time residing here, I've been a clean and respectful tenant. I'm very interested in getting a dog and would like to stay in your building however, I wanted to check with you first if the building is dog friendly. If so, are there any restrictions such as size or breed? Additionally are there any additional costs or changes to my lease I can expect? I look forward to hearing from you and I hope we can make this work! Best, Tenant",creative_writing What is the emblem of the United States Marine Corps?,,"Approved and adopted in 1868, the Eagle, Global and Anchor is the official emblem and insignia of the United States Marine Corps.",open_qa What is handscroll used for,"The handscroll is a long, narrow, horizontal scroll format in East Asia used for calligraphy or paintings. A handscroll usually measures up to several meters in length and around 25–40 cm in height. Handscrolls are generally viewed starting from the right end. This kind of scroll is intended to be read or viewed flat on a table, in sections. The format thus allows for the depiction of a continuous narrative or journey. The traditional alternative format in East Asian paintings is the vertical hanging scroll, which is rarely as long.","The handscroll is a long, narrow, horizontal scroll format in East Asia used for calligraphy or paintings.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph, in what part of England does the River Thames flow, and what is its length in kilometres?","The River Thames (/tɛmz/ (listen) TEMZ), known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At 215 miles (346 km), it is the longest river entirely in England and the second-longest in the United Kingdom, after the River Severn. The river rises at Thames Head in Gloucestershire and flows into the North Sea near Tilbury, Essex and Gravesend, Kent, via the Thames Estuary. From the west it flows through Oxford (where it is sometimes called the Isis), Reading, Henley-on-Thames and Windsor. The Thames also drains the whole of Greater London.",The River Thames flows through Southern England and it is 346 kilometres long.,closed_qa Tell me a number of ways that one could learn about data science,,"There are many methods for learning Data Science and the path taken will depend on your preferred learning style. Here are some suggestions: - read books that describe data science methods - enrol in courses available on Massive Open Online Course (mooc) providers like Coursera - access courses on specialists websites such as deeplearning.ai or fast.ai - enrol in a university course with a Data Science curriculum - join a Data Science meetup group",brainstorming What is a common nickname to the Olivella rehderi?,"Olivella rehderi is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives. Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives.",The Olivella rehderi are commonly called dwarf olives.,summarization "Given this paragraph about computer engineering, what is RISC?","In computer engineering, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) is a computer architecture designed to simplify the individual instructions given to the computer to accomplish tasks. Compared to the instructions given to a complex instruction set computer (CISC), a RISC computer might require more instructions (more code) in order to accomplish a task because the individual instructions are written in simpler code. The goal is to offset the need to process more instructions by increasing the speed of each instruction, in particular by implementing an instruction pipeline, which may be simpler given simpler instructions.",RISC stands for reduced instruction set computer. It is a computer architecture designed to simplify the individual instructions given to the computer to accomplish tasks.,closed_qa What are several ways to keep a toddler busy?,,"There are many fun ways to keep a toddler busy. First, you could find some blocks or large legos and build a tower. Then, you could ask the toddler to glue sticks to a piece of paper. Toddlers love water, so you could put water in a pot and give the toddler some cups to play with the water. You could take a walk and play the game ""I spy."" While you are walking, ask the toddler to collect leaves, sticks and rocks. You could also sing any song that comes to mind, as many toddlers enjoy singing.",brainstorming "I'm a vegan and traveling to new york city next month, can you suggest some vegan restaurants that i can eat at during my trip?",,"There are a lot of vegan restaurant options in Manhattan! Some highly rated suggestions for you: 1. Jajaja Mexicana for some good vegan mexican food 2. Planta Queen - for vegan food options 3. AbcV - vegan spot for seasonal plates and cocktails 4. Ras plant based - for plant based ethiopian cuisine 5. Bar Verde - for vegan mexican options 6. May Kaidee - for vegan thai options 7. Lady Bird - for creative vegan small plates and cocktails",open_qa Why do sheep keepers paint their sheep?,"Another trait unique to domestic sheep as compared to wild ovines is their wide variation in color. Wild sheep are largely variations of brown hues, and variation within species is extremely limited. Colors of domestic sheep range from pure white to dark chocolate brown, and even spotted or piebald. Sheep keepers also sometimes artificially paint ""smit marks"" onto their sheep in any pattern or color for identification. Selection for easily dyeable white fleeces began early in sheep domestication, and as white wool is a dominant trait it spread quickly. However, colored sheep do appear in many modern breeds, and may even appear as a recessive trait in white flocks. While white wool is desirable for large commercial markets, there is a niche market for colored fleeces, mostly for handspinning. The nature of the fleece varies widely among the breeds, from dense and highly crimped, to long and hairlike. There is variation of wool type and quality even among members of the same flock, so wool classing is a step in the commercial processing of the fibre.","Sheep keepers sometimes artificially paint ""smit marks"" onto their sheep in any pattern or color for identification.",closed_qa Extract the factors that influence the cost of building a house,"The cost of building a house varies by country widely. According to data from the National Association of Realtors, the median cost of buying an existing single-family house in the United States is $274,600, whereas the average cost to build is $296,652. Several different factors can impact the cost of building a house, including the size of the dwelling, the location, and availability of resources, the slope of the land, the quality of the fixtures and fittings, and the difficulty in finding construction and building materials talent","The factors that influence the cost of building a house are, the size of the dwelling, the location, and availability of resources, the slope of the land, the quality of the fixtures and fittings, and the difficulty in finding construction and building materials talent",information_extraction What is a secured loan?,,"A secured loan is a form of debt in which the borrower pledges some asset (i.e., a car, a house) as collateral.",open_qa What are some decoration ideas for my apartment for celebrating Easter?,,"Easter is a fun holiday to celebrate due to its association with spring time and animals. Some ideas for decorating your apartment are: - Hiding painted eggs all over the place - Placing fake grass and bunny figurines on the coffee table - Putting out egg shaped candy for guests to enjoy - Hanging pink, blue, orange, and green streamers from your doorway - Placing flowers in vases on the dining table",brainstorming "I am going to Stockholm over the weekend, what should I do? I love going to museums and being in nature!",,"Stockholm has some amazing spots and museums to visit! Here is a list with some example activities you can pick from: - Visit the archipelago: There is a vast archipelago close to Stockholm. It is easy to reach by taking a boat from central Stockholm. The nature there is amazing and remember to bring swimming clothes. - Djurgården island: This is a big Island in the middle of Stockholm located in the middle of Stockholm with big parks and some of the most famous museums. - Old town: At the heart of Stockholm, you have the old town, which is very popular for tourists all the year. You can visit cozy restaurants and coffee places or take a look at the royal castle. - The vasa museum: Located on Djurgården island, it has one of the most well preserved 17th century ships in the world.",creative_writing "Given this paragraph about Freddie Mercury, where was his last performance with Queen.","Throughout his career, Mercury performed an estimated 700 concerts in countries around the world with Queen. A notable aspect of Queen concerts was the large scale involved. He once explained, ""We're the Cecil B. DeMille of rock and roll, always wanting to do things bigger and better."" The band was the first ever to play in South American stadiums, breaking worldwide records for concert attendance in the Morumbi Stadium in São Paulo in 1981. In 1986, Queen also played behind the Iron Curtain when they performed to a crowd of 80,000 in Budapest, in what was one of the biggest rock concerts ever held in Eastern Europe. Mercury's final live performance with Queen took place on 9 August 1986 at Knebworth Park in England and drew an attendance estimated as high as 200,000. A week prior to Knebworth, May recalled Mercury saying ""I'm not going to be doing this forever. This is probably the last time."" With the British national anthem ""God Save the Queen"" playing at the end of the concert, Mercury's final act on stage saw him draped in a robe, holding a golden crown aloft, bidding farewell to the crowd.",Knebworth Park,closed_qa "Based on the paragraph below, describe 2 suitable applications of noble gases.","The noble gases (historically also the inert gases; sometimes referred to as aerogens) make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity. The six naturally occurring noble gases are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn). Oganesson (Og) is a synthetically produced highly radioactive element. Although IUPAC has used the term ""noble gas"" interchangeably with ""group 18"" and thus included oganesson, it may not be significantly chemically noble and is predicted to break the trend and be reactive due to relativistic effects. Because of the extremely short 0.7 ms half-life of its only known isotope, its chemistry has not yet been investigated. For the first six periods of the periodic table, the noble gases are exactly the members of group 18. Noble gases are typically highly unreactive except when under particular extreme conditions. The inertness of noble gases makes them very suitable in applications where reactions are not wanted. For example, argon is used in incandescent lamps to prevent the hot tungsten filament from oxidizing; also, helium is used in breathing gas by deep-sea divers to prevent oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide toxicity. The properties of the noble gases can be well explained by modern theories of atomic structure: Their outer shell of valence electrons is considered to be ""full"", giving them little tendency to participate in chemical reactions, and it has been possible to prepare only a few hundred noble gas compounds. The melting and boiling points for a given noble gas are close together, differing by less than 10 °C (18 °F); that is, they are liquids over only a small temperature range. Neon, argon, krypton, and xenon are obtained from air in an air separation unit using the methods of liquefaction of gases and fractional distillation. Helium is sourced from natural gas fields that have high concentrations of helium in the natural gas, using cryogenic gas separation techniques, and radon is usually isolated from the radioactive decay of dissolved radium, thorium, or uranium compounds. Noble gases have several important applications in industries such as lighting, welding, and space exploration. A helium-oxygen breathing gas is often used by deep-sea divers at depths of seawater over 55 m (180 ft). After the risks caused by the flammability of hydrogen became apparent in the Hindenburg disaster, it was replaced with helium in blimps and balloons.","The inertness of noble gases makes them very suitable in applications where reactions are not wanted. Two suitable examples of application are: 1. argon is used in incandescent lamps to prevent the hot tungsten filament from oxidizing, 2. helium is used in breathing gas by deep-sea divers to prevent oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide toxicity.",summarization What is the benefit of CI/CD,"For corporate communication topics, see Corporate identity and Corporate design. Part of a series on Software development Core activities Paradigms and models Methodologies and frameworks Supporting disciplines Practices Tools Standards and bodies of knowledge Glossaries Outlines vte In software engineering, CI/CD or CICD is the combined practices of continuous integration (CI) and (more often) continuous delivery or (less often) continuous deployment (CD). They are sometimes referred to collectively as continuous development or continuous software development. Comparison Continuous integration Frequent merging of several small changes into a main branch. Continuous delivery When teams produce software in short cycles with high speed and frequency so that reliable software can be released at any time, and with a simple and repeatable deployment process when deciding to deploy. Continuous deployment When new software functionality is rolled out completely automatically. Motivation CI/CD bridges the gaps between development and operation activities and teams by enforcing automation in building, testing and deployment of applications. CI/CD services compile the incremental code changes made by developers, then link and package them into software deliverables. Automated tests verify the software functionality, and automated deployment services deliver them to end users. The aim is to increase early defect discovery, increase productivity, and provide faster release cycles. The process contrasts with traditional methods where a collection of software updates were integrated into one large batch before deploying the newer version. Modern-day DevOps practices involve: continuous development, continuous testing, continuous integration, continuous deployment, and continuous monitoring of software applications throughout its development life cycle. The CI/CD practice, or CI/CD pipeline, forms the backbone of modern day DevOps operations. See also Continuous integration (CI) Continuous delivery (CD) Continuous deployment (CD) References Sacolick, Isaac (2020-01-17). ""What is CI/CD? Continuous integration and continuous delivery explained"". InfoWorld. Retrieved 2021-06-01. Rossel, Sander (October 2017). Continuous Integration, Delivery, and Deployment. Packt Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78728-661-0. Gallaba, Keheliya (2019). ""Improving the Robustness and Efficiency of Continuous Integration and Deployment"". 2019 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME): 619–623. doi:10.1109/ICSME.2019.00099. ISBN 978-1-7281-3094-1. S2CID 208879679. External links El Khalyly, B.; Belangour, A.; Banane, M.; Erraissi, A. (2020). ""A new metamodel approach of CI/CD applied to Internet of Things Ecosystem"". 2020 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Electronics, Control, Optimization and Computer Science (ICECOCS): 1–6. doi:10.1109/ICECOCS50124.2020.9314485. ISBN 978-1-7281-6921-7. S2CID 231645681. Sane, P. (2021). ""A Brief Survey of Current Software Engineering Practices in Continuous Integration and Automated Accessibility Testing"". 2021 Sixth International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET): 130–134. arXiv:2103.00097. doi:10.1109/WiSPNET51692.2021.9419464. ISBN 978-1-6654-4086-8. S2CID 232076320.","The benefit of CI/CD is to increase early defect discovery, increase productivity, and provide faster release cycles",summarization how does an electric car work,,"Electric cars work by receiving energy from the battery, which is converted into power by an electric motor. The power is converted from the DC battery to AC for the electric motor. When an accelerator is pressed, it sends signal to the controller which adjusts the vehicle's speed by changing the frequency of the AC power from the inverter to the motor. Since the electric car gets is power from the battery, it usually consists of a rechargeable battery and doesn't contain liquid fuel components like fuel pump or fuel tank etc. This also makes the electric cars emit no exhaust.",open_qa "Given the passage about churches built in the village of Zijldijk in the Netherlands, when was the only running church built?","Zijldijk has three churches. The Mennomite church was built in 1772 in a non conspicuous barn-like building. It is still in use as a church. The Dutch Reformed church has been reconstructed as a village house. The Reformed Church was constructed in 1886, and nowadays serves as a care facility.",The Mennomite church was built in 1772 and is still in use as a church.,closed_qa What s epigenomics?,,"Epigenomics is the study of the complete set of epigenetic modifications on the genetic material of a cell, known as the epigenome. The field is analogous to genomics and proteomics, which are the study of the genome and proteome of a cell. Epigenetic modifications are reversible modifications on a cell's DNA or histones that affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Epigenomic maintenance is a continuous process and plays an important role in stability of eukaryotic genomes by taking part in crucial biological mechanisms like DNA repair. Plant flavones are said to be inhibiting epigenomic marks that cause cancers. Two of the most characterized epigenetic modifications are DNA methylation and histone modification. Epigenetic modifications play an important role in gene expression and regulation, and are involved in numerous cellular processes such as in differentiation/development and tumorigenesis. The study of epigenetics on a global level has been made possible only recently through the adaptation of genomic high-throughput assays.",open_qa What are the islands bathed by the Andfjorden fjord described on this paragraph?,"Andfjorden is a fjord on the border of Nordland and Troms og Finnmark counties in Norway. It primarily flows between the large islands of Andøya and Senja. Grytøya and the smaller islands Bjarkøya and Krøttøya are located in the fjord. The main crossing is via the Andenes–Gryllefjord Ferry between Andøy and Senja municipalities. Other municipalities through which the fjord flows are Harstad, and Kvæfjord.",The Andfjorden fjord primarily flows between the Andøya and Senja islands. Grytøya and the smaller islands Bjarkøya and Krøttøya are located in the fjord.,summarization "Who composed the 'Moonlight Sonata', and when?",,"Commonly known as the Moonlight Sonata, the Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor ""Quasi una fantasia"", Op. 27, No. 2, was composed by Ludwig van Beethoven. The composition was completed in 1801 and dedicated to the Countess Giulietta Guicciardi in 1802. It's one of the most popular musical compositions for the piano.",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the date when the 34th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was organized.","The 34th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was a conscripted infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 34th Wisconsin Infantry was composed of men drafted by state authorities under General Order No. 94. The regiment was organized at Madison, Wisconsin, and mustered into Federal service December 31, 1862.","The 34th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was organized on December 31, 1862.",information_extraction What is PySpark?,,"PySpark is an interface for Apache Spark in Python. It not only allows you to write Spark applications using Python APIs, but also provides the PySpark shell for interactively analyzing your data in a distributed environment. PySpark supports most of Spark’s features such as Spark SQL, DataFrame, Streaming, MLlib (Machine Learning) and Spark Core.",open_qa Is the harmonic distribution a discrete distribution?,"In probability theory and statistics, the harmonic distribution is a continuous probability distribution. It was discovered by Étienne Halphen, who had become interested in the statistical modeling of natural events. His practical experience in data analysis motivated him to pioneer a new system of distributions that provided sufficient flexibility to fit a large variety of data sets. Halphen restricted his search to distributions whose parameters could be estimated using simple statistical approaches.","No, it is a continuous distribution.",information_extraction Give me 4 words to describe designer shoes,,"creative, exquisite, expensive, fashionable",brainstorming List down some points about life of cricketer Peggy Antonio from the given passage,"Peggy Antonio (2 June 1917 – 11 January 2002, Melbourne, Australia) was an Australian women's Test cricketer, known as the ""Girl Grimmett"". Antonio was raised in Port Melbourne, Victoria, a working class suburb of Melbourne. Her father was a Chilean docker of French and Spanish descent who died when she was 15 months. With the encouragement of her uncle she learnt her cricket from the boys in her neighbourhood streets. As a young girl during the Great Depression, she was lucky enough to find work at a shoe factory in the industrial suburb of Collingwood. The factory was home to a women's cricket team where Antonio came to the attention of Eddie Conlon, a club cricketer with an encyclopaedic knowledge of the game. With the assistance of Conlon, Antonio developed a rare mix of leg spin and off spin, including a top spinner and a wrong'un.","1. Peggy Antonio, also referred to as the ""Girl Grimmett,"" played women's Test cricket for Australia and died on January 11, 2002, in Melbourne, Australia. 2. Antonio grew up in the working-class Melbourne district of Port Melbourne, Victoria. 3. When she was 15 months old, her father, a Chilean docker of French and Spanish ancestry, passed away. 4. With her uncle's encouragement, she picked up cricket from the guys on the streets of her area. 5. She was fortunate enough to work at a shoe factory in the Collingwood industrial area during the Great Depression as a young child. 6. Eddie Conlon, a club cricketer with encyclopaedic knowledge of the game, saw Antonio when he was playing for the women's cricket team at the factory. 7. With Conlon's help, Antonio created an uncommon combination of leg spin and off spin, including a top spinner and a wrong'un.",summarization Is 99% a good grade on an essay?,,"Yes, 99% is an excellent grade to receive on an essay!",open_qa What is the Pareto principle?,"The Pareto principle states that for many outcomes, roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes (the ""vital few""). Other names for this principle are the 80/20 rule, the law of the vital few, or the principle of factor sparsity.","The Pareto principle also known as the 80/20 rule or the law of the vital few, states that roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes. For example 80% of revenue comes from 20% of customers (the vital few).",closed_qa What should you eat before playing in a sporting event?,,"If you are playing a physical sport, you want to have enough energy to compete at your highest potential. Water is very important to avoid dehydration. Carbohydrates are also important but you should eat them two hours prior to the activity. Lean protein such as chicken, pork or fish is a great source of nutrients.",classification What do you say to someone that is suicidal?,,"First, acknowledge their feelings. While they may be irrational, they are very real emotions. Tell them that you are worried about them and ask them to seek help. If they will not seek help, take steps to alert the appropriate people. Do not ignore any verbal signs. Do not keep it a secret. Ask them to contact emergency services immediately. The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline is 1-800-273-TALK",creative_writing what is philosophy?,,"Philosophy is the systematic study of general and fundamental questions about knowledge, existence, values, mind and language.",open_qa What are all Marvel movies with Thanos in it?,,"Here is a list of Marvel Cinematic Universe films in which the character Thanos makes an appearance: 1. The Avengers (2012) 2. Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) 3. Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) 4. Avengers: Infinity War (2018) 5. Avengers: Endgame (2019)",open_qa Who is the best rock and roll drummer of all time?,,John Bonham,open_qa How old do you have to be to get your pilot's license in the United States.,,The answer varies based on type of license and type of aircraft. But the most common Private Pilot License for fixed wing aircraft has a minimum age of 17 years.,open_qa What is the meaning of life and how do I have a fulfilling one?,,"The meaning of life is to live a long and fulfilling one. A good life may comprise of having many friends, meaningful relationships, a family, kids, and being a constructive member of society through hard work and positive interactions. It is always best to leave a positive impression on those you meet or who you come into contact with during your daily routine. You will want to focus and put positive intention in all of your actions so that you leave a good impression on all those who come into contact with you. Don't forget that part of life is enjoying experiences and having fun too. Find hobbies you enjoy, and do them often. We say this is important because it will lead to never ending happiness. As you age you will get wiser, and it will also be important to impart wisdom on those individuals who are younger than you who still need to experience life in order to gain the same wisdom.",open_qa how to get started with data science and machine learning?,,"To be a good data scientist, you need a solid understanding of statistics and machine learning algorithms like linear regression, logistic regression, and tree-based models. Knowledge and experiences with deep learning concepts are a big plus nowadays in the job market. In addition, business acumen and good communication skills can help you bridge the gap between technical and business stakeholders. Here are a few recommended study materials: Coursera course Machine Learning by DeepLearnin.AI; Introduction to Machine Learning with Python: A Guide for Data Scientists; Hands-On Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn and TensorFlow: Concepts, Tools, and Techniques to Build Intelligent Systems. But most importantly, keep learning and start now!",brainstorming Extract what Operating systems openRA supports from the below text and list them in a seperate line,"OpenRA is an open source game engine reimplementation and remake of several Command & Conquer games, including Red Alert. It is built using OpenGL and SDL, has support for HiDPI, and is cross platform, supporting Windows, Linux, macOS, and FreeBSD. The engine has support for custom mods via an SDK. The games are remade for modern computers with updated gameplay, new campaigns, user-created and curated maps, and online play. Deviations from the originals included a choice between “right click” and classic “left click” control schemes, an overhauled sidebar interfaces for managing productions, support for game replays and an observer interface designed for video game live streaming. Fog of war that obscures the battlefield outside your units’ line of sight, civilian structures that can be captured to provide benefits and units gain experience as they fight and improve when they earn new ranks. The game supports handicapping players, Discord integration and community ladders. Experimental support for the remastered assets was published in 2023 as a binary compatible yet separate mod.","Here are the operating systems supported by OpenRA: Windows Linux macOS FreeBSD",information_extraction America’s cup comeback,,"In September, 2013 one of sports most iconic comeback took place on the San Francisco Bay. The incredible comeback was when Oracle Team USA overturned an 8-1 deficit to retain the Auld Mug. Winning eight straight races has to be ranked the best and most unlikely of all such sporting turnarounds. With the Kiwis requiring just one more race for victory, the Americans called up Ben Ainslie who was the driver for the reserve boat. The Brit’s influence helped shift the momentum that the Kiwis were unable to stop. San Francisco Bay is extremely challenging to sail with currents and winds above 25knts. The regatta will forever be remembered as the best comeback of sailing all time. .",creative_writing Why were the original Old English Bible translations created?,"The Old English Bible translations are the partial translations of the Bible prepared in medieval England into the Old English language. The translations are from Latin texts, not the original languages. Many of these translations were in fact Bible glosses, prepared to assist clerics whose grasp of Latin was imperfect and circulated in connection with the Vulgate Latin Bible that was standard in Western Christianity at the time. Old English was one of very few early medieval vernacular languages the Bible was translated into, and featured a number of incomplete Bible translations, some of which were meant to be circulated, like the Paris Psalter or Ælfric's Hexateuch.",The Old English Bible translations were created to assist clerics who didn't now much Latin.,summarization "From the paragraph about Space Needle, tell me where is located, when it was built, how tall the monument is and one more tourist fact about it.","The Space Needle is an observation tower in Seattle, Washington, United States. Considered to be an icon of the city, it has been designated a Seattle landmark. Located in the Lower Queen Anne neighborhood, it was built in the Seattle Center for the 1962 World's Fair, which drew over 2.3 million visitors. The Space Needle was once the tallest structure west of the Mississippi River, standing at 605 ft (184 m). The tower is 138 ft (42 m) wide, weighs 9,550 short tons (8,660 metric tons), and is built to withstand winds of up to 200 mph (320 km/h) and earthquakes of up to 9.0 magnitude, as strong as the 1700 Cascadia earthquake. The Space Needle features an observation deck 520 ft (160 m) above ground, providing views of the downtown Seattle skyline, the Olympic and Cascade Mountains, Mount Rainier, Mount Baker, Elliott Bay, and various islands in Puget Sound. Visitors can reach the top of the Space Needle by elevators, which take 41 seconds. On April 19, 1999, the city's Landmarks Preservation Board designated the tower a historic landmark.",The Space Needle was built in 1962 and it is located in Lower Queen Anne area in the city of Seattle. The tower has a height of 605 feet and it takes 41 seconds for visitors to reach the top of it with an elevator.,information_extraction What is Xenohormone normally used for?,"Xenohormones are found in a variety of different consumer products, agricultural products, and chemicals. Common sources of Xenohormones include: Contraceptives and Hormone Therapies Xenohormones and xenoestrogens are commonly used in oral contraceptives such as birth control pills and hormone replacement therapies due to their similarities to natural hormones. Agriculture Synthetic estrogenic drugs such as the bovine growth hormone (BVG) are commonly used to increase the size of cattle and maximize the amount of meat and dairy product that can come from them. Xenohormones are also found in certain pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Plastics Xenohormones are found in almost all plastics, and they appear in many consumer products that use plastic elements or plastic packaging. Common xenohormones in plastics and other industrial compounds include BPA, Phthalates, PVC, and PCBs. These can be found in several household items, including plastic dishes and utensils, Styrofoam, cling wrap, flooring, toys, and other items containing plastic or plasticizers. In 2000, the FDA banned the use of phthalates in baby toys due to health concerns. Cleaning and Cosmetic Products Many household products can contain certain xenohormones, including laundry detergent, fabric softeners, soap, shampoo, toothpaste, makeup and cosmetic products, feminine hygiene products","Xenohormone is widely used for different applications, including: Contraceptives and Hormone Therapies, Agriculture, Plastics, and Cleaning and Cosmetic Products.",summarization "Tell me whether these are dogs or cats: bulldogs, poodles, huskies, collies, shepherds",,Dogs,classification Name the BRICS nations.,,"Brazil, Russia, India, China & S.Africa",open_qa "From this paragraph, tell me when Mary died and when did Elizabeth had Mary, Queen of Scots imprisoned. Also, who supported plots to have Elizabeth overthrown?","Mary's death in 1558 led to her half-sister Elizabeth taking the throne. Unlike Mary, Elizabeth was firmly in the reformist camp and quickly reimplemented many of Edward's reforms. Philip, no longer co-monarch, deemed Elizabeth a heretic and illegitimate ruler of England. In the eyes of the Catholic Church, Henry had never officially divorced Catherine, making Elizabeth illegitimate. It is alleged that Philip supported plots to have Elizabeth overthrown in favour of her Catholic cousin and heir presumptive, Mary, Queen of Scots. These plans were thwarted when Elizabeth had Mary imprisoned in 1567. Mary was forced to abdicate the crown of Scotland in favour of her son James VI. The first documented suggestion of what was called the Enterprise of England was in the summer of 1583 when, flushed with pride of his victory in the Azores, Álvaro de Bazán, Marquis of Santa Cruz addressed the suggestion to Philip II of taking advantage of it to attack England.","Mary (Bloody Mary) died in 1558 and Elizabeth had Mary (Queen of Scots) imprisoned in 1567. Philip Supported plots to have Elizabeth overthrown in favor of her catholic cousin, who he thought was the true heir: Mary, Queen of Scots.",closed_qa Please list down some key points regarding governance system of Portland from the given text,"The government of Portland, Oregon is based on a city commission government system. Elected officials include the mayor, commissioners, and a city auditor. The mayor and commissioners (members of City Council) are responsible for legislative policy and oversee the various bureaus that oversee the day-to-day operation of the city. Portland began using a commission form of government in 1913 following a public vote on May 3 of that year. Each elected official serves a four-year term, without term limits. Each city council member is elected at-large. In 2022, Portland residents approved a ballot measure to replace the commission form of government with a 12-member council elected in four districts using single transferable vote, with a professional city manager appointed by a directly-elected mayor, with the first elections to be held in 2024.","1. Portland, Oregon's governance is built on a city commission system. 2. Elected representatives include a city auditor, commissioners, and the mayor. 3. The mayor and commissioners, who make up the City Council, are in charge of setting legislative policy and managing the different bureaus in charge of running the city on a daily basis. 4. After a popular vote on May 3 of that year, Portland adopted a commission system of governance. 5. There are no term limitations on the terms of each elected official's four-year terms. 6. All members of the municipal council are chosen at-large. 7. Portland voters approved a ballot measure in 2022 to replace the commission form of government with a 12-member council elected in four districts using a single transferable vote, with a professional city manager appointed by a directly-elected mayor. The first elections under the new system would take place in 2024.",summarization What does ROYGBIV stand for?,,"ROYGBIV stands for the colors of the rainbow: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet",open_qa Extract the name of the country where Djidonou was born.,"Born in Domont, France, Djidonou has played club football for Racing Paris, Entente SSG, Red Star, Libourne, Racing Paris and Mulhouse. In June 2013, he signed for Championnat National 2 side Romorantin.",France,information_extraction What is GraphQL?,,"GraphQL is an open-source data query language and data manipulation language for APIs, and a query runtime engine.",open_qa "What part of history called a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political, and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages?",,The Renaissance,open_qa In the first few months how many children were registered?,"The children were sent mainly to the four Dominion countries, Canada 1,532 (in nine parties), Australia 577 (three parties), New Zealand 202 (two parties), and South Africa 353 (two parties), and 838 to the USA under the United States Committee for the Care of European Children programme. In the first few months over 211,000 children were registered with the scheme. A further 24,000 children had been approved for sailing in that time and over 1,000 volunteer escorts, including doctors and nurses, enrolled. It was planned as a temporary exile for the children, to return home to their families when conditions permitted.","211,000 children were registered in the scheme in the first few months.",closed_qa What is FedRAMP?,,"FedRAMP is the Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program managed by the General Services Administration (GSA). According to FedRAMP's website, the program was ""established in 2011 to provide a cost-effective, risk-based approach for the adoption and use of cloud services by the federal government."" The FedRAMP Program Management Office (PMO) is responsible for issuing Authorizations to Operate (ATO) for cloud service providers.",open_qa "Who sings the song call ""heartbreak anniversary""?",,Giveon,open_qa is keto diet healthy?,,"The keto diet is originally designed in clinics to relieve seizure symptoms in children with epilepsy. The diet prescribes intake of nutrients be majority from fat, a small percentage from protein, and very low carbohydrate. The low carbohydrates diet is adopted by people who want to lose weight. Some claim that they burn fat more effectively and reduce glucose levels because the diet makes you feel less hungry after each meal and limits the amount of sugar. However, solid research proof of the diet’s effectiveness in treating obesity or diabetes is limited. As a highly imbalanced nutrient diet, keeping a long-term keto diet can be challenging or even risky. Long-term keto diet could cause low blood pressure, kidney stones, constipation, nutrient deficiencies, eating disorder, and an increased risk of heart disease. Strict diets like keto could also cause social isolation or disordered eating. Keto should be taken with extra caution for people with pre-existing medical conditions like high blood pressure or heart diseases.",brainstorming What is the indigenous name for Dunk Island?,"Dunk Island, known as Coonanglebah in the Warrgamay and Dyirbal languages, is an island within the locality of Dunk in the Cassowary Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It lies 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) off the Australian east coast, opposite the town of Mission Beach. The island forms part of the Family Islands National Park and is in the larger Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area.",Dunk Island is known as Coonanglebah in the Warrgamay and Dyirbal languages.,closed_qa What is Edison famous for?,,Inventing the light bulb,open_qa What is Michael Pollan's top bestselling book?,,"The Omnivores Dilemma is Michael Pollan's highest bestseller, published in 2006.",open_qa What is a wallet used for?,,"A wallet is a flat pouch used to carry small person items. It can be made out of raw hide or some other material. It can be used to cary currency or money, credit cards, photos of family, insurance cards, and person identification. A wallet is helpful to organize different payment methods, and it used in most transactions that requirement a payment using a form of currency or credit.",open_qa What are the pros and cons of high interest rates?,,"Rising interest rates are an advantage for savers who deposit money. Banks pay savers a higher return on their savings accounts. High interest rates also dampen high inflation as they make borrowing more expensive. This reduces the demand and can lead to falling prices. On the other hand, high interest rates make things like financing a house more difficult. Furthermore, the decreased demand can reduce economic growth.",open_qa "What does the term ""tulip mania"" mean?","Tulip mania (Dutch: tulpenmanie) was a period during the Dutch Golden Age when contract prices for some bulbs of the recently introduced and fashionable tulip reached extraordinarily high levels. The major acceleration started in 1634 and then dramatically collapsed in February 1637. It is generally considered to have been the first recorded speculative bubble or asset bubble in history. In many ways, the tulip mania was more of a then-unknown socio-economic phenomenon than a significant economic crisis. It had no critical influence on the prosperity of the Dutch Republic, which was one of the world's leading economic and financial powers in the 17th century, with the highest per capita income in the world from about 1600 to about 1720. The term ""tulip mania"" is now often used metaphorically to refer to any large economic bubble when asset prices deviate from intrinsic values.","The term ""tulip mania"" is now often used metaphorically to refer to any large economic bubble when asset prices deviate from intrinsic values.",closed_qa Write me a message to send to a candidate recently admitted to business school from a second year MBA,,"Congratulations on your admission to our program. I hope you are doing some well-deserved celebrating!! I am finishing up my second year in my MBA and will graduate with fond memories of the community and people. Since day 1, I felt so much support and guidance throughout the recruitment process. I would love to be a resource for you as you make your decision. Please feel free to email me here or text/call me.",creative_writing What kind of newspaper is the Secolo d'Italia,"Secolo d'Italia ([ˈsɛːkolo diˈtaːlja]; ""Century of Italy"") is a daily, conservative, online newspaper in Italy, published since 1952, formerly supporting neo-fascism. In 2012, it ceased its print edition and continued as an online-only publication.","The Secolo d'Italia, Century of Italy, is a daily, conservative, online newspaper in Italy, published since 1952, formerly supporting neo-fascism. In 2012, it ceased its print edition and continued as an online-only publication.",summarization "Given this paragraph about hedgehogs, why are they different from porcupines?","Hedgehogs are easily recognized by their spines, which are hollow hairs made stiff with keratin.Their spines are not poisonous or barbed and, unlike the quills of a porcupine, do not easily detach from their bodies. However, the immature animal's spines normally fall out as they are replaced with adult spines. This is called ""quilling"". Spines can also shed when the animal is diseased or under extreme stress. Hedgehogs are usually brown, with pale tips to the spines, though blonde hedgehogs are found on the Channel Island of Alderney.",Hedgehog spines do not easily detach rom their bodies like porcupines.,closed_qa What is the name of the woman D'Artagnan falls in love with ?,"D'Artagnan hires a servant named Planchet, finds lodgings and reports to Monsieur des Essart, whose company is a less prestigious regiment in which he will have to serve for two years before being considered for the musketeers. Shortly after, his landlord speaks to him about the kidnapping of his wife, Constance Bonacieux. When she is presently released, D'Artagnan falls in love at first sight with her. She works for Queen Anne of France, who is secretly having an affair with the English duke of Buckingham. The king, Louis XIII, gave the queen a gift of diamond studs, but she gives them to her lover as a keepsake.",Constance Bonacieux,closed_qa Who won the Stanley Cup in 1994?,,The New York Rangers,open_qa "With reference to the text given, list some details about lung cancer","Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant tumor that begins in the lung. Lung cancers are caused by genetic damage to the DNA of cells in the airways, often exacerbated by cigarette smoking, or inhaling damaging chemicals. Damaged airway cells sometimes gain the ability to proliferate unchecked, causing the growth of a tumor. Without treatment, lung tumors can spread throughout the lung, damaging lung function. Eventually lung tumors metastasize, spreading to distant parts of the body, and causing varying disease. Lung cancers are classified based on the cells they originate from. Around 15% are small-cell lung cancers, while the remaining 85% (the non-small-cell lung cancers) are adenocarcinomas, squamous-cell carcinomas, and large-cell carcinomas.","1. Lung cancer, sometimes referred to as lung carcinoma, is a cancerous tumour that starts in the lung. 2. Smoking cigarettes or inhaling toxic chemicals can aggravate genetic damage to the DNA of cells in the airways, which is what causes lung cancer. 3. In some cases, damaged airway cells acquire the capacity to proliferate unchecked, leading to the development of a tumour. 4. Lung tumours can spread throughout the lung if left untreated, impairing lung function. 5. Lung tumours eventually spread to other areas of the body and develop metastases, which lead to a variety of diseases. 6. The cells from which lung tumours develop are used to categorise them. 7. Adenocarcinomas, squamous-cell carcinomas, and large-cell carcinomas make up the majority of non-small-cell lung malignancies, which account for the remaining 15% of cases.",summarization What is the stock market?,,The stock market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers of stocks. Stock markets could include stocks on both public and private exchanges.,open_qa What is a landlord?,,"A landlord is a person, business, or other entity that owns some form of real-estate that they rent out for an amount of money paid yearly, monthly, semi-monthly or weekly. The type of real estate owned can be land, commercial real-estate, or home real-estate. A landlord evaluates different tenant applications submitted to rent or use their owned real-estate. Once a match is found an agreement or contract is signed and executed between both parties. The tenant pays the landlord an agreed amount of money during some finite time to be able to use the landlord's owned real estate for a specific purpose outlined in the original signed contract.",open_qa What are the top 4 healthier sodas that I should buy?,,"If you're looking for a healthier alternative to traditional soda, try the following: 1. La Croix 2. Zevia Soda 3. Olipop 4. Poppi",brainstorming "Which of the following are deciduous trees? Abies concolor Acer rubrum Acer saccharinum Cornus florida Gleditsia triacanthos Picea glauca picea pungens Picea abies Pinus strobus Quercus rubra",,"Of the species listed, Acer rubrum, Acer saccharinum, Gleditsia triacanthos, Quercus rubra, and Cornus florida are deciduous trees.",classification What events did John James Monckton set the world record for?,"John James Monckton (28 October 1938 – 29 June 2017) was an Australian backstroke swimmer who won a silver medal in the 100-metre event at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. Although he set multiple world records, he never won an Olympic gold medal. An apprentice carpenter from the New England region of New South Wales, Monckton appeared to be primed to win gold at the 1956 Olympics. At the national team camp in Townsville before the games, he became the first person to swim 400-metre backstroke in under five minutes. Although it was not a regularly contested event at international level, it was a promising sign for the event to be included for medal competition in the Olympics. He also set world records in the 110- and 220-yard freestyle events. At the Olympics, Monckton was the fastest qualifier in the heats and semifinal, but was upstaged in the final by teammate David Theile. In the absence of Theile, who had retired after the Olympics to study medicine at university, Monckton dominated backstroke swimming, winning the 110-yard backstroke event at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Cardiff and also the 4×110-yard medley relay. Monckton then prepared for another Olympics in 1960 in Rome, with Theile deferring his studies to defend his Olympic title. Monckton again led the qualifying in the heats and semifinals. However, in the final, he misjudged the turn and broke a finger. He limped home in seventh position, with Theile successfully defending his title. Monckton continued competing in the hope of reaching a third Olympics in 1964, but retired after his performances began to deteriorate. He married Maureen Giles, an Australian swimmer at the 1956 Olympics. He was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1999. The Monckton Aquatic Centre in his hometown of Armidale is named for him.","John James Monckton set world records for the 400-metre backstroke, 220-yard freestyle and 110-yard freestyle events.",summarization What is an architecture diagram?,,"An architecture diagram is a visual layout that represents process flows, business process management workflows, technology workflows, data workflows, and more. They are a represented with different shapes, words, lines are arrows that show the visual flow. They help engineer, architect, stakeholders, and designers understand the layout of a project, current system design flaws, and how to make future state architecture more robust and resilient to change.",open_qa Where is Estonia?,"Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,200 other islands and islets on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, covering a total area of 45,339 square kilometres (17,505 sq mi). The capital city Tallinn and Tartu are the two largest urban areas of the country. The Estonian language is the autochthonous and the official language of Estonia; it is the first language of the majority of its population, as well as the world's second most spoken Finnic language. The land of what is now modern Estonia has been inhabited by Homo sapiens since at least 9,000 BC. The medieval indigenous population of Estonia was one of the last pagan civilisations in Europe to adopt Christianity following the Papal-sanctioned Livonian Crusade in the 13th century. After centuries of successive rule by the Teutonic Order, Denmark, Sweden, and the Russian Empire, a distinct Estonian national identity began to emerge in the mid-19th century. This culminated in the 24 February 1918 Estonian Declaration of Independence from the then warring Russian and German Empires. Democratic throughout most of the interwar period, Estonia declared neutrality at the outbreak of World War II, but the country was repeatedly contested, invaded and occupied, first by the Soviet Union in 1940, then by Nazi Germany in 1941, and was ultimately reoccupied in 1944 by, and annexed into, the USSR as an administrative subunit (Estonian SSR). Throughout the 1944–1991 Soviet occupation, Estonia's de jure state continuity was preserved by diplomatic representatives and the government-in-exile. Following the bloodless Estonian ""Singing Revolution"" of 1988–1990, the nation's de facto independence from the Soviet Union was restored on 20 August 1991. Estonia is a developed country, with a high-income advanced economy. The sovereign state of Estonia is a democratic unitary parliamentary republic, administratively subdivided into 15 maakond (counties). With a population of just over 1.3 million, it is one of the least populous members of the European Union, the Eurozone, the OECD, the Schengen Area, and NATO. Estonia is nowadays often considered to be one of the three ""Baltic countries"" or ""Baltic states"".","Estonia is a small European Union nation located in Northern Europe on the Baltic Sea across from Finland and bordered by Lativa to the south and Russia to the east. With a population of 1.3 million it is among the least populated EU countries. The country was occupied for much of the 20th century by Russia as part of the USSR. Today it is known for its high income advanced economy and as a member of the Eurozone, the OECD, the Schengen Area as well as NATO.",summarization "Given a reference text about 341 George Street, Sydney, tell me when what companies had headquarters there.","341 George Street, Sydney is a heritage-listed bank building located at 341 George Street, in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1927 to 1932 and housed the headquarters of the Bank of New South Wales, and later Westpac. It is also known as Westpac Bank building and Bank of NSW building. Westpac sold the building in 2002, but continues to lease the lower floors for use as banking chambers. The upper floors are leased by other tenants. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. The building served as the Head Office for the Bank of New South Wales until relocated to 60 Martin Place in 1970.","Westpac and Bank of New South Wales had their headquarters at 341 George Street, Sydney.",closed_qa What does WHO refer to?,,WHO is an acronym for the World Health Organization.,open_qa What was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter,,Tutankamen tomb,open_qa What are the Great Lakes?,"The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. There are five lakes, which are Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario and are in general on or near the Canada–United States border. Hydrologically, lakes Michigan and Huron are a single body joined at the Straits of Mackinac. The Great Lakes Waterway enables modern travel and shipping by water among the lakes. The Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area and are second-largest by total volume, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is 94,250 square miles (244,106 km2), and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is 5,439 cubic miles (22,671 km3), slightly less than the volume of Lake Baikal (5,666 cu mi or 23,615 km3, 22–23% of the world's surface fresh water). Because of their sea-like characteristics, such as rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons, the five Great Lakes have long been called inland seas. Depending on how it is measured, by surface area, either Lake Superior or Lake Michigan-Huron is the second-largest lake in the world and the largest freshwater lake. Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country. The Great Lakes began to form at the end of the Last Glacial Period around 14,000 years ago, as retreating ice sheets exposed the basins they had carved into the land, which then filled with meltwater. The lakes have been a major source for transportation, migration, trade, and fishing, serving as a habitat to many aquatic species in a region with much biodiversity. The surrounding region is called the Great Lakes region, which includes the Great Lakes Megalopolis.","The Great Lakes are comprised of five lakes: Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario.",closed_qa What is Zenthoefer Furs,"Zenthoefer Furs were an amateur U.S. soccer club which played in St. Louis, Missouri during the late 1940s and early 1950s. They had played as a junior squad named Schumachers in the 1947-48 season where they fell short of national honors when they lost in the final round of the National Junior Cup to Lighthouse Boys of Philadelphia. The Zenthoefers turned senior the next season. Under the guidance of manager George E. McGann they made their way to the 1949 National Amateur Cup final losing to SC Elizabeth by a 6-1 score. They also lost to the Chicago Polish-Americans 5-1 in the 1949 National Challenge Cup quarterfinals. In 1951, they won the St. Louis Major League by ten points over St. Louis Simpkins-Ford. In 1952, they entered the American Soccer League of St. Louis.","Zenthoefer Furs were an amateur U.S. soccer club which played in St. Louis, Missouri during the late 1940s and early 1950s.",summarization Who was the coach for the Chicago Bulls when they won the NBA championship?,,Phil Jackson was the head coach of the Chicago Bulls and led them through 6 NBA championships.,open_qa Please propose an argument to convince my mother that she increases the amount of money that I get every month during my studies. I think the current amount is too low.,,"Dear Mum, I would like to talk to you about the monthly money I get for my studies. I am very grateful that you support me financially during my studies. At the same time, I feel that the current amount is a little bit too low in order to sustain myself. I estimated my monthly expenses and it seems like the money is not enough. We can go through the details if you want. I want to ask you if you can increase the amount so that I can cover my expenses. I understand if you cannot do this or have other reasons against this. However, I want you to know that if you do not increase my monthly money, I will be forced to work part-time next to my studies. There is research that shows that students who work part-time have worse grades than people who do not have to work part-time to afford their studies. I would love to dedicate my full time to my studies to get the best grades and learning outcomes possible; thus, I would prefer not to work part-time. What do you think?",creative_writing What is Impala?,,Apache Impala is an open source massively parallel processing SQL query engine for data stored in a computer cluster running Apache Hadoop.,open_qa Why should I use toothpaste,,"Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice used with a toothbrush to clean and maintain the aesthetics and health of teeth. Toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene: it is an abrasive that aids in removing dental plaque and food from the teeth, assists in suppressing halitosis, and delivers active ingredients (most commonly fluoride) to help prevent tooth decay (dental caries) and gum disease (gingivitis). Owing to differences in composition and fluoride content, not all toothpastes are equally effective in maintaining oral health. The decline of tooth decay during the 20th century has been attributed to the introduction and regular use of fluoride-containing toothpastes worldwide. Large amounts of swallowed toothpaste can be toxic. Common colors for toothpaste include white (sometimes with colored stripes or green tint) and blue. Usefulness Toothpastes are generally useful to maintain dental health. Toothpastes containing fluoride are effective at preventing tooth decay. Toothpastes may also help to control and remove plaque build-up, promoting healthy gums. A 2016 systematic review indicated that using toothpaste when brushing the teeth does not necessarily impact the level of plaque removal. However, the active ingredients in toothpastes are able to prevent dental diseases with regular use. Ingredients Toothpastes are derived from a variety of components, the three main ones being abrasives, fluoride, and detergent.",open_qa What can I do in Amsterdam on a rainy day?,,"Even if it's raining, there are a lot of things you can do in Amsterdam. Try these: 1. Visit the Van Gogh Museum, the largest collection of Van Gogh's art. 2. Visit the Rijksmuseum, with artwork from many other Dutch and European masters. 3. Enjoy some delicious Dutch food, like bitterballen, kroket, poffertjes or stroopwafels. 4. Enjoy some drinks, such as the many local beer varieties or or mulled wine. 5. Take a canal tour in a covered boat and enjoy the sights.",brainstorming What material is typically used for rowing shells?,"Originally made from wood, shells are now almost always made from a composite material (usually a double skin of carbon-fiber reinforced plastic with a sandwich of honeycomb material) for strength and weight advantages. World Rowing rules specify minimum weights for each class of boat so that no individual team will gain a great advantage from the use of expensive materials or technology.",Rowing shells are now typically made from carbon-fiber.,summarization Give me some ideas for what to do for a kids Easter party.,,"For a children's Easter party you could have an egg painting competition, or arrange an Easter egg hunt with clues to each egg that the children solve together. Alternatively you could have a costume competition where you provide materials for the children to create Easter themed costumes.",brainstorming What are the available treatments for Sensory processing disorder?,"Typically offered as part of occupational therapy, ASI that places a child in a room specifically designed to stimulate and challenge all of the senses to elicit functional adaptive responses. Occupational Therapy is defined by the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) as ""Occupational therapy practitioners in pediatric settings work with children and their families, caregivers and teachers to promote participation in meaningful activities and occupations"". In childhood, these occupations may include play, school and learning self-care tasks. An entry level Occupational Therapist can provide treatment for sensory processing disorder however, more advanced clinical training exists to target the underlying neuro-biological processes involved. Sensory integration therapy is driven by four main principles: Just right challenge (the child must be able to successfully meet the challenges that are presented through playful activities) Adaptive response (the child adapts their behavior with new and useful strategies in response to the challenges presented) Active engagement (the child will want to participate because the activities are fun) Child directed (the child's preferences are used to initiate therapeutic experiences within the session) Serious questions have been raised as to the effectiveness of this therapy particularly in medical journals where the requirements for a treatment to be effective is much higher and developed than it's occupational therapy counter parts which often advocate the effectiveness of the treatment. Sensory processing therapy This therapy retains all of the above-mentioned four principles and adds: Intensity (person attends therapy daily for a prolonged period of time) Developmental approach (therapist adapts to the developmental age of the person, against actual age) Test-retest systematic evaluation (all clients are evaluated before and after) Process driven vs. activity driven (therapist focuses on the ""just right"" emotional connection and the process that reinforces the relationship) Parent education (parent education sessions are scheduled into the therapy process) ""Joie de vivre"" (happiness of life is therapy's main goal, attained through social participation, self-regulation, and self-esteem) Combination of best practice interventions (is often accompanied by integrated listening system therapy, floor time, and electronic media such as Xbox Kinect, Nintendo Wii, Makoto II machine training and others) While occupational therapists using a sensory integration frame of reference work on increasing a child's ability to adequately process sensory input, other OTs may focus on environmental accommodations that parents and school staff can use to enhance the child's function at home, school, and in the community.These may include selecting soft, tag-free clothing, avoiding fluorescent lighting, and providing ear plugs for ""emergency"" use (such as for fire drills) Evaluation of treatment effectiveness A 2019 review found sensory integration therapy to be effective for autism spectrum disorder.Another study from 2018 backs up the intervention for children with special needs,Additionally, the American Occupational Therapy Association supports the intervention. In its overall review of the treatment effectiveness literature, Aetna concluded that ""The effectiveness of these therapies is unproven"",while the American Academy of Pediatrics concluded that ""parents should be informed that the amount of research regarding the effectiveness of sensory integration therapy is limited and inconclusive.""A 2015 review concluded that SIT techniques exist ""outside the bounds of established evidence-based practice"" and that SIT is ""quite possibly a misuse of limited resources.""",The two main treatments available for Sensory processing disorder are Sensory integration therapy and Sensory processing therapy,closed_qa "In the paragraph below, what are the major sources of methane emissions?","Greenhouse gas emissions from human activities strengthen the greenhouse effect, contributing to climate change. Most is carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas. The largest emitters include coal in China and large oil and gas companies. Human-caused emissions have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide by about 50% over pre-industrial levels. The growing levels of emissions have varied, but have been consistent among all greenhouse gases (GHGs). Emissions in the 2010s averaged 56 billion tons a year, higher than any decade before. Electricity generation, heat and transport are major emitters; overall energy is responsible for around 73% of emissions. Deforestation and other changes in land use also emit carbon dioxide and methane. The largest source of anthropogenic methane emissions is agriculture, closely followed by gas venting and fugitive emissions from the fossil-fuel industry. The largest agricultural methane source is livestock. Agricultural soils emit nitrous oxide partly due to fertilizers. Similarly, fluorinated gases from refrigerants play an outsized role in total human emissions.",The largest source of methane emissions is agriculture. Gas venting and emissions from the fossil-fuel industry are the next major sources.,information_extraction "As of 2022, how many member states make up the European Union?",The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are signatories to the founding treaties of the union and thereby share in the privileges and obligations of membership.,27,closed_qa What is this text about?,"There are many modern variations of gazpacho with avocados, cucumbers, parsley, strawberries, watermelon, grapes, meat stock, seafood, and other ingredients instead of tomatoes and bread. The ingredients, texture, and thickness of gazpacho vary regionally and between different cooks. Similar cold raw soups such as arjamolho in Portugal, porra antequerana and ajoblanco, are also popular in Andalusia, although not as widespread as gazpacho. Gazpacho and salmorejo are especially similar since they are both tomato-based cold soups that are widely popular in Spain; the main difference between gazpacho and salmorejo is the culinary technique used since gazpacho is a soup whereas salmorejo is an emulsion. In addition, while both dishes share the main ingredients of tomato, olive oil, bread, and garlic, gazpacho can also be prepared with cucumber, peppers, and vinegar, whereas salmorejo cannot. The original recipe using bread, water, vinegar, oil, and salt is traditional in the Iberian Peninsula, perhaps going back to Roman times. Every central and southern region has its own variety. The humble gazpacho became a very deeply rooted food for peasants and shepherds in Spain. The basic gazpacho gave rise to many variants, some also called gazpacho, others not; some authors have tried to classify all these variations. Gazpachos may be classified by colour: the most usual red ones (which contain tomato), white ones (which contain no tomato, but include dried fruits), and green ones (which are white but contain some spices that make them green). These variants have their basic ingredients in common, including garlic paste which works as an emulsifier, bread, olive oil, vinegar and salt. In addition to the traditional ingredients, red fruits such as strawberries, muskmelon, etc., may be added, making the gazpacho a bit sweeter. Gazpacho may be served as a starter, main dish, or tapa. A popular variation comes from the town of Rota in the province of Cádiz. During times of drought, there was not enough water to make gazpacho; thus, arranque has the same ingredients as gazpacho, but requires less water and bread, making it a sort of cream. Some people add more bread until it takes on the consistency of a dip. In Extremadura, gazpachos are a kind of purée or thick gazpacho known as cojondongo, or cojondongo del gañán, made of breadcrumbs, garlic, oil, and vinegar, then topped with chopped onions, tomato and peppers. Gazpacho manchego, as its name implies, is made in the east region of La Mancha, in Albacete and nearby areas, and is popular in other areas in the center and southwest of the country. It is a meat stew, whose main ingredients are small game animals or birds such as rabbit, hare, quail, or pigeon, and flatbread, and may include garlic, tomatoes, and mushrooms. It is cooked in a cauldron and served hot. Another well-known variant in La Mancha is gazpacho de pastor or galiano. Some other hot meat or fish dishes from other regions are called gazpacho (gazpacho jumillano, gazpacho de Yecla, gazpacho de Requena, etc.) Gazpacho is often eaten during the very hot and dry summers in Castilla y León. The gazpacho made in La Moraña in the province of Ávila has large pieces of vegetables floating in a watery soup. Gazpacho manchego, despite its name, is a meat stew, served hot, not a variation on the cold vegetable soup.","This text is about variations of Gazpachos. It lists different recipes and explains influences from regions and cultural roots. It also mentions that despite some dishes may contain Gazpacho in their name, not all are variations from the original Gazpacho.",summarization "Based on this passage about UCLA, tell me the difference between North Campus and South Campus and which residential areas border the campus.","The new UCLA campus in 1929 had four buildings: Royce Hall and Haines Hall on the north, and Powell Library and Kinsey Hall (now called Renee And David Kaplan Hall) on the south. The Janss Steps were the original 87-step entrance to the university that lead to the quad of these four buildings. Today, the campus includes 163 buildings across 419 acres (1.7 km2) in the western part of Los Angeles, north of the Westwood shopping district and just south of Sunset Boulevard. In terms of acreage, it is the second-smallest of the ten UC campuses. The campus is approximately 1 mile east of I-405 (the San Diego Freeway). The campus is in the residential area of Westwood and bordered by Bel-Air to the north, Beverly Hills to the east, and Brentwood to the west. The campus is informally divided into North Campus and South Campus, which are both on the eastern half of the university's land. North Campus is the original campus core; its buildings are more traditional in appearance and clad in imported Italian brick. North Campus is home to the arts, humanities, social sciences, law, history, and business programs and is centered around ficus and sycamore-lined Dickson Court, also known as the ""Sunken Garden"". South Campus is home to the physical sciences, life sciences, engineering, mathematical sciences, health-related fields, and the UCLA Medical Center. The campus includes sculpture gardens, fountains, museums, and a mix of architectural styles. Ackerman Union, the John Wooden Center, the Arthur Ashe Health and Wellness Center, the Student Activities Center, Kerckhoff Hall, the J.D. Morgan Center, the James West Alumni Center, and Pauley Pavilion stand at the center of the campus, bordering Wilson Plaza. The campus is bisected by Bruin Walk, a heavily traveled pathway from the residential hill to the main campus. At the intersection of Bruin Walk and Westwood Plaza is Bruin Plaza, featuring an outdoor performing arts stage and a bronze statue of the Bruin bear. During the 2028 Summer Olympics, wrestling and judo will be held at Pauley Pavilion. The campus will also be the location of the Olympic Village for the Olympic and Paralympic Games. In September 2022 UCLA purchased the Palos Verdes (PV) campus of Marymount California University, which had closed its doors that August, after fifty years of classes; the PV campus joins two other locations, in downtown LA, and in Culver City as satellites of the Westwood campus. A faculty and administration task force will review possible applications of the PV campus for UCLA. The Channel Islands will again be visible from a UCLA campus.","At UCLA, North Campus hosts the arts, humanities, social sciences, law, history, and business programs, while South Campus is home to the physical sciences, life sciences, engineering, mathematical sciences, health-related fields, and the UCLA Medical Center. The UCLA Campus is bordered by Bel Air, Brentwood, and Beverly Hills.",closed_qa Wadi Al Banat's name means ?,"Wadi Al Banat's name means ""valley of the girls"" in Arabic, and was thought to have been named that because it was a popular play area for young girls",valley of the girls,closed_qa What is the Richland home,"Richland is a historic home at Harwood, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. It is a 2+1⁄2-story, frame, hip-roofed dwelling of approximately 3,000 square feet (280 m2). It was constructed for gentleman farmer Robert Murray Cheston (1849–1904) and his wife, the former Mary Murray (1859–1943). It is the only known late-19th-century rural Anne Arundel County dwelling definitively associated with a specific architectural firm. The plans were prepared by the Roanoke, Virginia based architectural firm of Noland and de Saussure, founded by William C. Noland. The home reflects both the Colonial Revival and Queen Anne styles. The house on the 332 acre Richland farm was built in 1893. In the 1950s, the Cheston family subdivided the property and sold the house with approximately 58 acres to the Talliaferro family, and sold the remaining acreage to the Catterton family. The Talliaferro family named their new parcel ""Thanksgiving Farm"". In 1996, the Heimbuch family purchased Thanksgiving Farm from the Talliaferro family, began planting vineyards1998, completed a restoration of the house in 2004, and opened a winery on the property in 2006. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.","Richland is a historic home at Harwood, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. It is a 2.5 story, frame, hip-roofed dwelling of approximately 3,000 square feet (280 m2). It was constructed for gentleman farmer Robert Murray Cheston (1849–1904) and his wife, the former Mary Murray (1859–1943). It is the only known late-19th-century rural Anne Arundel County dwelling definitively associated with a specific architectural firm. The plans were prepared by the Roanoke, Virginia based architectural firm of Noland and de Saussure, founded by William C. Noland. The home reflects both the Colonial Revival and Queen Anne styles. The house on the 332 acre Richland farm was built in 1893. In the 1950s, the Cheston family subdivided the property and sold the house with approximately 58 acres to the Talliaferro family, and sold the remaining acreage to the Catterton family. The Talliaferro family named their new parcel ""Thanksgiving Farm"". In 1996, the Heimbuch family purchased Thanksgiving Farm from the Talliaferro family, began planting vineyards1998, completed a restoration of the house in 2004, and opened a winery on the property in 2006. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.",summarization What weaponry was the U-3030 submarine equipped with?,"The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-3030 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.",The U-3030 submarine could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines.,summarization What are the causes for Sensory processing disorder?,"The exact cause of SPD is not known.However, it is known that the midbrain and brainstem regions of the central nervous system are early centers in the processing pathway for multisensory integration; these brain regions are involved in processes including coordination, attention, arousal, and autonomic function. After sensory information passes through these centers, it is then routed to brain regions responsible for emotions, memory, and higher level cognitive functions. Damage in any part of the brain involved in multisensory processing can cause difficulties in adequately processing stimuli in a functional way.","The exact cause of Sensory processing disorder is not known. However, it is known that the midbrain and brainstem regions of the central nervous system are early centers in the processing pathway for multisensory integration; these brain regions are involved in processes including coordination, attention, arousal, and autonomic function. After sensory information passes through these centers, it is then routed to brain regions responsible for emotions, memory, and higher level cognitive functions. Damage in any part of the brain involved in multisensory processing can cause difficulties in adequately processing stimuli in a functional way.",closed_qa What is a dam?,,"A dam is a barrier that stops the flow of water of a river and creates an artificial lake. Dams are used for different reasons. Some dams are used to gather water for industrial, agricultural needs or water supply to civil aqueducts. Another usage can be for power generation employing hydroelectric turbines. Some other times, it is mean of water flow control aimed at flood prevention or land reclamation.",creative_writing Which is the best soccer team of all time?,,"It is hard to say since there could be multiple rankings to answer this question. Assuming the best soccer players end up playing in Europe, we could take into consideration the European Champions League winners. Using this ranking, Real Madrid, having won 14 trophies, could be considered the best soccer team in the world. Alternatively, Fifa awarded Real Madrid the “soccer club of the 20th century” after winning a popular poll with 42.35% of the votes. Everything around soccer teams is very subjective and feelings could play a big part for everyone's answer.",open_qa Is Dijkstras algorithm a greedy algorithm or dynamic programming algorithm,,A greedy algorithm.,classification Who was the King of Swing,,Benny Goodman,open_qa "Who is the primary male protagonist on the TV show ""The X-Files""?",,Special Agent Fox William Mulder,open_qa "What is the name of Portland, Oregon's light rail system?",,MAX Light Rail,open_qa "Based on this paragraph on Japanese bullet trains, how many cars do the longest trains have?","Trains are up to sixteen cars long. With each car measuring 25 m (82 ft) in length, the longest trains are 400 m (1⁄4 mile) end to end. Stations are similarly long to accommodate these trains. Some of Japan's high-speed maglev trains are considered Shinkansen, while other slower maglev trains (such as the Linimo maglev train line serving local community near the city of Nagoya in Aichi, Japan) are intended as alternatives to conventional urban rapid transit systems. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinkansen","Based on this paragraph, the longest Japanese bullets trains have 16 cars, which is determined by dividing the length of the longes trains (400m) by the length of each car (25m).",closed_qa Marburg Virus Disease was first detected in which year?,,1967,open_qa Summarize what and when the quiet periods occur during an IPO.,"Under American securities law, there are two-time windows commonly referred to as ""quiet periods"" during an IPO's history. The first and the one linked above is the period of time following the filing of the company's S-1 but before SEC staff declare the registration statement effective. During this time, issuers, company insiders, analysts, and other parties are legally restricted in their ability to discuss or promote the upcoming IPO (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2005). The other ""quiet period"" refers to a period of 10 calendar days following an IPO's first day of public trading. During this time, insiders and any underwriters involved in the IPO are restricted from issuing any earnings forecasts or research reports for the company. When the quiet period is over, generally the underwriters will initiate research coverage on the firm. A three-day waiting period exists for any member that has acted as a manager or co-manager in a secondary offering.","There are two quiet periods during an IPO during which company insiders cannot promote the IPO or issue information that might affect it. One is after the Form S-1 is filed but before the SEC approves it, and one is the 10 calendar days after an IPO's first day of trading.",summarization "In music, what is a triad?",,"Three tones (musical notes) make up a triad. Depending on the interval between the notes, different types of musical chords can be created. For instance, a C major chord is made up of the triad notes C, E, G. The C minor chord is made up of the triad C, E-minor, G.",open_qa Summarize Roosevelt's accomplishments described in this paragraph.,"Beginning in 1925, Roosevelt spent most of his time in the Southern United States, at first on his houseboat, the Larooco. Intrigued by the potential benefits of hydrotherapy, he established a rehabilitation center at Warm Springs, Georgia, in 1926. To create the rehabilitation center, he assembled a staff of physical therapists and used most of his inheritance to purchase the Merriweather Inn. In 1938, he founded the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, leading to the development of polio vaccines.",Roosevelt established a rehabilitation center in Georgia and founded the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. The latter accomplishment led to the development of polio vaccines.,summarization What are the names of the four tennis grand slam tournaments?,,"The four tennis grand slam tournaments are the Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open.",open_qa How much did Shaffer donate?,"In 2018, Butler County Community College created The Shaffer School of Nursing and Allied Health after Shaffer donated $1 million to the school.",$1 million,information_extraction Name the five plays of The Hill Town Plays by Lucy Thurber.,"Lucy Thurber is an American playwright based in New York City. She is the recipient of the first Gary Bonasorte Memorial Prize for Playwriting, a Lilly Award and a 2014 OBIE Award for The Hill Town Plays. Lucy Thurber is the author of: Where We're Born, Ashville, Killers & Other Family, Stay, Bottom of the World, Monstrosity, Scarcity, The Locus, The Insurgents, Dillingham City and other plays. Five of her plays, while standing alone as individual works, also form a cycle known as The Hill Town Plays. Each play in the cycle considers an important moment in the life of the main character, beginning with childhood in rural Western Massachusetts, and then progressing through college, coming to terms with her sexual identity, and onto adulthood. The five plays are: Where We're Born, Ashville, Killers and Other Family, Scarcity, and Stay. In 2013 they were produced all together by David Van Asselt of Rattlestick Playwrights Theater and ran simultaneously at several theatres in the West Village in New York City. She, along with Rattlestick Playwrights Theater received a special citation from the Obie Awards in 2014 for their collaborative presentation of the works.","The five plays are: Where We're Born, Ashville, Killers and Other Family, Scarcity, and Stay.",information_extraction "When and where was the first major agitation led by Gandhi, tell me who this agitation was against, which crop led to this agitation and why this agitation happened.","Gandhi's first major achievement came in 1917 with the Champaran agitation in Bihar. The Champaran agitation pitted the local peasantry against largely Anglo-Indian plantation owners who were backed by the local administration. The peasants were forced to grow indigo (Indigofera sp.), a cash crop for Indigo dye whose demand had been declining over two decades, and were forced to sell their crops to the planters at a fixed price. Unhappy with this, the peasantry appealed to Gandhi at his ashram in Ahmedabad. Pursuing a strategy of nonviolent protest, Gandhi took the administration by surprise and won concessions from the authorities.",First major agitation was in 1917 in Champaran Bihar state. The agitation was against Anglo-Indian plantation owners. Indigo was the crop that led to this agitation and the reason was the lower fixed price for the Indigo crop.,closed_qa What is Nevada City known for?,"European-Americans first settled Nevada City in 1849, during the California Gold Rush, as Nevada (Spanish for ""snow-covered"", a reference to the snow-topped mountains in the area). The Gold Tunnel on the north side of Deer Creek was the city's first mine, built in 1850. The first sawmill in Nevada City was built on Deer Creek, just above town, in August 1850, by Lewis & Son, with a water wheel. In 1850–51, Nevada City was the state's most important mining town, and Nevada County the state's leading gold-mining county. In 1851, The Nevada Journal became the first newspaper published in the town and county. The first cemetery in town, the Pioneer Cemetery, was founded around 1851 behind the Nevada City United Methodist Church, Nevada County's first denominational church. The town of Nevada was incorporated on April 19, 1856. In 1864, the word “City” was added to its name to relieve confusion with the nearby state of Nevada, and the town has legally been known as Nevada City ever since. The former town of Coyoteville later became Nevada City's northwestern section.",Nevada City is a town in Northern California that was famous during the California Gold Rush that was first settled in 1849.,information_extraction How many times Fernando Alonso won the F1 championship ?,,2 times,brainstorming "Based on this paragraph, extract the names of the books about Phish and list them using bullets.","Several books on Phish have been published, including two official publications: The Phish Book, a 1998 coffee table book credited to the band members and journalist Richard Gehr which focused on the band's activities during 1996 and 1997, and Phish: The Biography, a semi-official biographical book written by music journalist and Phish fan Parke Puterbaugh, was published in 2009 and was based on interviews with the four band members, their friends and crew. An installment of the 33⅓ book series on A Live One, written by Walter Holland, was published in 2015. The 2013 book You Don't Know Me but You Don't Like Me: Phish, Insane Clown Posse, and My Misadventures with Two of Music's Most Maligned Tribes, written by music critic Nathan Rabin, compares and contrasts the fanbases of Phish and Insane Clown Posse.","-The Phish Book -Phish: The Biography -A Live One -You Don't Know Me But You Don't Like Me: Phish, Insane Clown Posse, and My Misadventures with Two of Music's Most Maligned Tribes",information_extraction Who designed the South African Class 15E 4-8-2 locomotive?,"The Class 15E 4-8-2 Mountain type mixed traffic steam locomotive was a refinement of the Classes 15C and 15CA. It was designed by A.G. Watson, Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the South African Railways (SAR) from 1929 to 1936, and incorporated many of the improvements which had been developed by him, some of which were a vastly enlarged standardised boiler, a large and wide fire grate and a Watson cab.","The designer of the South African Class 15E 4-8-2 locomotive was A.G. Watson, Chief Mechanical Engineer of the South African Railways.",summarization When are storms most common in the North Indian basin?,"Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather, while in other places (particularly in Eastern Asia because of the monsoon) it is associated with rainy weather. The wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the savanna climate regime. Where the wet season is associated with a seasonal shift in the prevailing winds, it is known as a monsoon. In the northern Atlantic Ocean, a distinct tropical cyclone season occurs from 1 June to 30 November. The statistical peak of the Atlantic hurricane season is 10 September. The Northeast Pacific Ocean has a broader period of activity, but in a similar timeframe to the Atlantic. The Northwest Pacific sees tropical cyclones year-round, with a minimum in February and March and a peak in early September. In the North Indian basin, storms are most common from April to December, with peaks in May and November. In the Southern Hemisphere, the tropical cyclone season runs from the start of November until the end of April with peaks in mid-February to early March. Thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada runs in the spring through summer but sometimes can run as late as October or even November in the fall. These storms can produce hail, strong winds and tornadoes, usually during the afternoon and evening.","In the North Indian basin, storms are most common from April to December, with peaks in May and November.",information_extraction What component do you need to have to build a PC?,,"You will need at least the following components to build a PC: * Motherboard * Processor (CPU) * Storage (hard drive or SSD) * Memory (RAM) * Case * CPU Fans/Cooling Unit * Power supply * GPU (Optionally)",open_qa What are the symptoms and causes of migraine headaches?,,"The symptoms of migraine headaches include an intense throbbing pain in the head, normally on one side of the head, and can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting and loose bowels movements. Some sufferers report impairment to vision either before or during the headache, described as an aura effect, and as such extreme sensitivity to light can be a common symptom. The causes of migraine headaches are harder to define, and harder as a result to treat. Most medical professionals agree that the causes of migraines are unknown, however there are a number of triggers that can set off a migraine in sufferers. These include dietary triggers such as dehydration, coffee, alcohol and many others. Hormonal changes can also be a trigger, so many women are impacted during their menstrual cycle. Other triggers such as stress and emotional anguish can also cause the onset of migraines. Environmental factors such as bright or flickering lights can also be a trigger. For most sufferers, rest and non-prescription painkillers such as ibuprofen are sufficient to recover from a headache, but more extreme cases may require a visit to a GP and prescription of triptans to alleviate the symptoms. Other treatments include acupuncture and transcranial stimulation, but ideally understanding and avoiding personal trigger factors is the preferred method.",open_qa What are some sought-after boutique electric guitar builders?,,"A few famous ones include Tom Anderson, John Suhr, Paul Reed Smith, James Tyler, Kiesel, Tuttle and etc... Most of them have exceptionally high build quality and craftsmanship, and the differences are mostly tonal, cosmetic and playability.",brainstorming "Jill, a 60-year-old personal training client, wants to improve her hip flexibility. Jill complains that her low back aches after prolonged sitting. Suggest two ways she could minimize this discomfort.",,"First, it is possible that Jill may have poor posture, which creates muscular fatigue, joint compression, and stresses the discs that cushion her vertebrae. She can focus on having better posture while sitting, keeping her spine straight, hips level, shoulders level, and head erect and straight. She should also balance her weight equally on both feet. If she needs to sit for extended periods of time, she can change her position often; she should periodically walk around and gently perform stretches for her muscles to relieve tension. Secondly, outside of things she could do while sitting, she can consider performing exercises for lower back care. For example, she can perform exercises such as pelvic tilts, trunk flex, partial sit-ups, or even engage in things like yoga or pilates to better strengthen her lower back as well as improve flexibility. Both of these will help reduce her lower back aches.",brainstorming "Does ""outbreeding"" or ""inbreeding"" benefit the offspring more?","Exogamy often results in two individuals that are not closely genetically related marrying each other; that is, outbreeding as opposed to inbreeding. In moderation, this benefits the offspring as it reduces the risk of the offspring inheriting two copies of a defective gene. Increasing the genetic diversity of the offspring improves the chances of offspring reproducing, up until the fourth-cousin level of relatedness; however, reproduction between individuals on the fourth-cousin level of relatedness decreases evolutionarily fitness.","""Outbreeding"" is more beneficial to the offspring as it reduces the risk of inheriting defective genes, increasing the offspring's ability to reproduce.",closed_qa What new economies developed because of the anti-slave treaties?,"In West Africa, the decline of the Atlantic slave trade in the 1820s caused dramatic economic shifts in local polities. The gradual decline of slave-trading, prompted by a lack of demand for slaves in the New World, increasing anti-slavery legislation in Europe and America, and the British Royal Navy's increasing presence off the West African coast, obliged African states to adopt new economies. Between 1808 and 1860, the British West Africa Squadron seized approximately 1,600 slave ships and freed 150,000 Africans who were aboard. Action was also taken against African leaders who refused to agree to British treaties to outlaw the trade, for example against ""the usurping King of Lagos"", deposed in 1851. Anti-slavery treaties were signed with over 50 African rulers. The largest powers of West Africa (the Asante Confederacy, the Kingdom of Dahomey, and the Oyo Empire) adopted different ways of adapting to the shift. Asante and Dahomey concentrated on the development of ""legitimate commerce"" in the form of palm oil, cocoa, timber and gold, forming the bedrock of West Africa's modern export trade. The Oyo Empire, unable to adapt, collapsed into civil wars.","Instead of exporting slaves, Africa began exporting palm oil, cocoa, timber, and gold.",closed_qa What is the name of the largest train station in Amsterdam,,The largest train station in Amsterdam is called Centraal Station.,open_qa Tell me about the 2017 Southeastern Conference football season,"The 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East and West.",The 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2.,summarization What are the stated main reasons the iAPX432 architecture failed?,"Using the semiconductor technology of its day, Intel's engineers weren't able to translate the design into a very efficient first implementation. Along with the lack of optimization in a premature Ada compiler, this contributed to rather slow but expensive computer systems, performing typical benchmarks at roughly 1/4 the speed of the new 80286 chip at the same clock frequency (in early 1982). This initial performance gap to the rather low-profile and low-priced 8086 line was probably the main reason why Intel's plan to replace the latter (later known as x86) with the iAPX 432 failed. Although engineers saw ways to improve a next generation design, the iAPX 432 capability architecture had now started to be regarded more as an implementation overhead rather than as the simplifying support it was intended to be","The many features included resulted in a very complex processor that was difficult to manufacture. The complexity also resulted in a very slow and expensive processor which was not competitive in the market. The initial failure cast doubt on the entire approach taken to develop a new architecture, making further iterations to improve the processor more difficult.",summarization The Death of Socrates was painted by whom?,,Jacques Louis David,open_qa What year was the first pizzeria in New York founded?,,Lombardi's Pizzeria in Little Italy in New York City claims to be the oldest NYC pizzeria and was opened in 1905.,open_qa What are the official languages of the United Nations?,"The official languages of the United Nations are the six languages that are used in UN meetings and in which all official UN documents are written. In the six languages, four are the official language or national language of permanent members in the Security Council, while the remaining two are used due to the large number of their speakers. In alphabetical order of the Latin alphabet, they are: Arabic (Modern Standard Arabic) – official or national language of several countries in the Middle East and North Africa, and used in the Arab world. Chinese (Mandarin Chinese in simplified Chinese characters) – official language of the People's Republic of China. English – majority and de facto official language of the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia, and majority (de jure) official language of Canada and New Zealand. It is also the most popular language, the most popular lingua franca, and a majority and/or official language in several other countries and territories. French – official language of France. It is also official in Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, and several countries in Africa. Russian – official language of the Russian Federation. It is also used in several post-Soviet states. Spanish – official or national language in 18 countries and one territory in the Americas (mostly Latin America or Hispanic America), Spain, and Equatorial Guinea.","Arabic, Mandarin Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish",closed_qa "Based on the reference text, please provide a short bulleted list of 4 popular Halloween activities.","Halloween or Hallowe'en (less commonly known as Allhalloween, All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Eve) is a celebration observed in many countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Saints' Day. It begins the observance of Allhallowtide, the time in the liturgical year dedicated to remembering the dead, including saints (hallows), martyrs, and all the faithful departed. One theory holds that many Halloween traditions were influenced by Celtic harvest festivals, particularly the Gaelic festival Samhain, which are believed to have pagan roots. Some go further and suggest that Samhain may have been Christianized as All Hallow's Day, along with its eve, by the early Church. Other academics believe Halloween began solely as a Christian holiday, being the vigil of All Hallow's Day. Celebrated in Ireland and Scotland for centuries, Irish and Scottish immigrants took many Halloween customs to North America in the 19th century, and then through American influence Halloween had spread to other countries by the late 20th and early 21st century. Popular Halloween activities include trick-or-treating (or the related guising and souling), attending Halloween costume parties, carving pumpkins or turnips into jack-o'-lanterns, lighting bonfires, apple bobbing, divination games, playing pranks, visiting haunted attractions, telling scary stories, and watching horror or Halloween-themed films. Some people practice the Christian religious observances of All Hallows' Eve, including attending church services and lighting candles on the graves of the dead, although it is a secular celebration for others. Some Christians historically abstained from meat on All Hallows' Eve, a tradition reflected in the eating of certain vegetarian foods on this vigil day, including apples, potato pancakes, and soul cakes.","Popular Halloween activities include: 1. Trick-or-Treating 2. Going to costume parties 3. Carving pumpkins 4. Watching horror movies",summarization Give me a bulleted list of different ways to make a lot of money.,,"The following are different ways you can make a lot of money: 1. Obtain a high paying job 2. Start a business 3. Receive an inheritance 4. Invest in real estate 5. Buy stocks",brainstorming what is elasticsearch?,,"Elasticsearch is a search engine based on the Lucene library. It provides a distributed, multitenant-capable full-text search engine with an HTTP web interface and schema-free JSON documents.",open_qa What is Rust?,,"Rust is a multi-paradigm, high-level, general-purpose programming language. Rust emphasizes performance, type safety, and concurrency. Rust enforces memory safety—that is, that all references point to valid memory—without requiring the use of a garbage collector or reference counting present in other memory-safe languages. To simultaneously enforce memory safety and prevent concurrent data races, Rust's ""borrow checker"" tracks the object lifetime of all references in a program during compilation. Rust is popular for systems programming but also offers high-level features including some functional programming constructs.",open_qa Fidelity Bravery Integrity is which organisations motto,,FBI,open_qa How many planets are there in the Solar System ?,,"As of 2023, there are 8 planets in the Solar system : - Mercury - Venus - Earth - Mars - Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune Up until 2006, Pluto was considered the 9th planet before being reclassified as a ""dwarf planet"" by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).",open_qa What is the national day of Germany?,,"The National Day of Germany is called German Unity Day. It is celebrated on 3 October as a public holiday. This day commemorates the reunification of West and East Germany after which since the end of second world war in 1945, Federal Republic of Germany existed as a single German state.",open_qa 5 ways to increase stamina,,"Combine strength and cardio sessions Choose exercises that uses lots of muscle activity Stay hydrated and increase water intake Manage your rest time Nutrition is key include healthy proteins and good fats",brainstorming What is SWIFT in banking?,,"SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications) is a global member-owned cooperative that functions as a huge messaging system. Members (banks and other financial institutions) use it to quickly, accurately, and securely send and receive information, primarily money transfer instructions.",open_qa Bob's mother had 3 children. Two of them are Mary and Hugh. What is the name of the last child?,,The last child is Bob since Bob's mother had 3 children.,brainstorming "Based on the passage provided, what are the only two elements in the periodic table that were names after a person who was alive at the time of naming?","Oganesson is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Og and atomic number 118. It was first synthesized in 2002 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, near Moscow, Russia, by a joint team of Russian and American scientists. In December 2015, it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of the international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP. It was formally named on 28 November 2016. The name honors the nuclear physicist Yuri Oganessian, who played a leading role in the discovery of the heaviest elements in the periodic table. It is one of only two elements named after a person who was alive at the time of naming, the other being seaborgium, and the only element whose eponym is alive as of 2023.",Organesson and Seaborgium are the only two elements in the periodic table that were names after a person who was alive at the time of naming.,information_extraction What international trophy did the Club Africain football team won in 1971 ?,"Club Africain (Arabic: النادي الإفريقي) is a Tunisian football club based in Tunis that competes in the Tunisian Championship. It fields several sports teams, including football, handball, basketball, swimming and volleyball. The football team was the first Tunisian club to win an international trophy, when they won the Maghreb Cup Winners Cup in 1971. Twenty years later, in 1991, Club Africain became the first Tunisian team to win the African Champions League.",The Maghreb Cup Winners Cup,closed_qa What's the game engine used by Bethesda before Creation Engine? And what's the last game make with it?,"After using the Gamebryo engine to create The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind, The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, and Fallout 3, Bethesda decided that Gamebryo's capabilities were becoming too outdated and began work on the Creation Engine for their next game, The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, by forking the codebase used for Fallout 3. Following the completion of Skyrim, Bethesda set out to enhance the graphical core of the Creation Engine by first adding a physically based deferred renderer to allow for more dynamic lighting and to paint materials object surfaces with realistic materials. Bethesda worked with technology company Nvidia to implement volumetric lighting through a technique that makes use of hardware tesselation. Additionally the updated version of the Creation Engine powering Bethesda's Fallout 4 offers more advanced character generation.","Gamebryo was the engine used by Bethesda before Creation Engine. It is developed by Gamebase Cot., Ltd and Gamebase USA. Gamebryo is used by numerous companies within the gaming industry. Bethesda decided that Gamebryo's capabilities were becoming too outdated and began work on the Creation Engine for their next game, The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, by forking the codebase used for Fallout 3. The last game from Bethesda made with Gamebryo engine is Fallout 3 (2008).",closed_qa Extract from the following passage two key uses of electricity in modern technology.,"Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others. The presence of either a positive or negative electric charge produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. In most applications, a force acts on a charge with a magnitude given by Coulomb's law. Electric potential is typically measured in volts. Electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies, being used for: a. Electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment; b. Electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though progress in theoretical understanding remained slow until the 17th and 18th centuries. The theory of electromagnetism was developed in the 19th century, and by the end of that century electricity was being put to industrial and residential use by electrical engineers. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at this time transformed industry and society, becoming a driving force for the Second Industrial Revolution. Electricity's extraordinary versatility means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which include transport, heating, lighting, communications, and computation. Electrical power is now the backbone of modern industrial society.","Electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies, being used for: a. Electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment; b. Electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies.",information_extraction What is Chess?,"Chess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of chess pieces in their color, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king. It is sometimes called international chess or Western chess to distinguish it from related games, such as xiangqi (Chinese chess) and shogi (Japanese chess). The recorded history of chess goes back at least to the emergence of a similar game, chaturanga, in seventh-century India. The rules of chess as we know them today emerged in Europe at the end of the 15th century, with standardization and universal acceptance by the end of the 19th century. Today, chess is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide. Chess is an abstract strategy game that involves no hidden information and no use of dice or cards. It is played on a chessboard with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. At the start, each player controls sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and eight pawns. White moves first, followed by Black. Checkmating the opponent's king involves putting the king under immediate attack (in ""check"") whereby there is no way for it to escape. There are also several ways a game can end in a draw. Organized chess arose in the 19th century. Chess competition today is governed internationally by FIDE (the International Chess Federation). The first universally recognized World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in 1886; Magnus Carlsen is the current World Champion. A huge body of chess theory has developed since the game's inception. Aspects of art are found in chess composition, and chess in its turn influenced Western culture and art, and has connections with other fields such as mathematics, computer science, and psychology. One of the goals of early computer scientists was to create a chess-playing machine. In 1997, Deep Blue became the first computer to beat the reigning World Champion in a match when it defeated Garry Kasparov. Today's chess engines are significantly stronger than the best human players and have deeply influenced the development of chess theory.","Chess is a board game played by two players where there are multiple pieces for each person/side, that can be moved in certain ways on the board and can capture other pieces. The end goal is to checkmate the King piece. This game requires a lot of smart intelligent strategy.",summarization Based on the following passage summarise how electricity became a driving force during the second industrial revolution.,"Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others. The presence of either a positive or negative electric charge produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. In most applications, a force acts on a charge with a magnitude given by Coulomb's law. Electric potential is typically measured in volts. Electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies, being used for: a. Electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment; b. Electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though progress in theoretical understanding remained slow until the 17th and 18th centuries. The theory of electromagnetism was developed in the 19th century, and by the end of that century electricity was being put to industrial and residential use by electrical engineers. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at this time transformed industry and society, becoming a driving force for the Second Industrial Revolution. Electricity's extraordinary versatility means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which include transport, heating, lighting, communications, and computation. Electrical power is now the backbone of modern industrial society.","Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though progress in theoretical understanding remained slow until the 17th and 18th centuries. The theory of electromagnetism was developed in the 19th century, and by the end of that century electricity was being put to industrial and residential use by electrical engineers. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at this time transformed industry and society, becoming a driving force for the Second Industrial Revolution.",information_extraction Is three body problem solved?,,"there is no generic closed form solution to three body problem. There are some special case solutions, more can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-body_problem",classification What is CJIS?,,"CJIS stands for Criminal Justice Information Services, which is a division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The CJIS division maintains, supports, and promulgates requirements for the access to criminal justice information.",open_qa Who is the current king of the Netherlands,,"The current king of the Netherlands is Willem-Alexander. He is the second son of King Willem-Alexander and Queen Maxima. He ascended the throne on April 30, 2013, following the abdication of his father.",open_qa Why did the Sahara experience a period of rapid desertification?,"The size of the Sahara has historically been extremely variable, with its area rapidly fluctuating and at times disappearing depending on global climatic conditions. At the end of the Ice ages, estimated to have been around 10,500 BCE, the Sahara had again become a green fertile valley, and its African populations returned from the interior and coastal highlands in sub-Saharan Africa, with rock art paintings depicting a fertile Sahara and large populations discovered in Tassili n'Ajjer dating back perhaps 10 millennia. However, the warming and drying climate meant that by 5000 BCE, the Sahara region was becoming increasingly dry and hostile. Around 3500 BCE, due to a tilt in the earth's orbit, the Sahara experienced a period of rapid desertification. The population trekked out of the Sahara region towards the Nile Valley below the Second Cataract where they made permanent or semi-permanent settlements. A major climatic recession occurred, lessening the heavy and persistent rains in Central and Eastern Africa. Since this time, dry conditions have prevailed in Eastern Africa and, increasingly during the last 200 years, in Ethiopia.",Sahara experienced a period of rapid desertification due to a tilt in the earth's orbit.,closed_qa What caused Africa's integration into the Roman System?,"Following the conquest of North Africa's Mediterranean coastline by the Roman Empire, the area was integrated economically and culturally into the Roman system. Roman settlement occurred in modern Tunisia and elsewhere along the coast. The first Roman emperor native to North Africa was Septimius Severus, born in Leptis Magna in present-day Libya—his mother was Italian Roman and his father was Punic.",Rome's conquest of North Africa's Mediterranean coastline lead to Africa's integration into the Roman System.,closed_qa What is a Wonton?,,"A wonton is a type of Chinese dumpling that is generally served in a soup broth. The dumpling filling is placed onto a thin dough wrapper, then the wrapper is then sealed to prevent the filling from spilling out when cooking. The filling is commonly made with pork and shrimp. Filled wonton dumplings are then placed into boiling water for cooking. Wontons can also be deep fried with a variety of fillings.",open_qa What is the happiness index report and which country tops the happiness index in the world,"The World Happiness Report is a publication that contains articles and rankings of national happiness, based on respondent ratings of their own lives, which the report also correlates with various (quality of) life factors. As of March 2023, Finland has been ranked the happiest country in the world six times in a row. The report is a publication of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network, a global initiative of the United Nations. The report primarily uses data from the Gallup World Poll. Each annual report is available to the public to download on the World Happiness Report website. The Editors of the 2020 report are John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard, Jeffrey D. Sachs, and Jan-Emmanuel De Neve. Associate Editors are Lara Aknin, Shun Wang, and Haifang Huang","United nations every year in collaboration with sustainable development solution network perform survey and release the report global happiness index. As of March 2023, Finland has been ranked the happiest country in the world six times in a row. The World Happiness Report is a publication that contains articles and rankings of national happiness, based on respondent ratings of their own lives, which the report also correlates with various (quality of) life factors",closed_qa Why do people eat food?,,"People eat food for sustenance and energy. Food is required to keep us alive and moving about in our daily lives. It is just as important as water is to our lives. Your body converts the food into ATP (e.g. energy) for your cells to use. Nutrients also come from food and help us to grow, and keep the bodily functions working correctly like breathing, digestion, blood flow and the overall health of the immune system.",open_qa What is the best programming language?,,"There is no single answer, as the specific use case, the nature of the project, and the skills of the programmer all play a role in determining the best programming language. Python may be generally easier to learn, while C++ may be faster because it is statically typed. Each language has its advantages and disadvantages.",open_qa "In reference to given text, Note some points about Kabenau River","Kabenau River (also Gabina or St. Augustin River) is a river in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. It is located at about 5.466667°S 145.85°E. It was discovered in 1887 by geologist C. Schneider and explored in 1888 by Hugo Zöller. It flows westward and empties near Rimba to the Astrolabe Bay.","1. The Kabenau River in Papua New Guinea's Madang Province is also known as the Gabina River or the St. Augustin River. 2. The coordinates are approximately 5.466667°S 145.85°E. 3. Geologist C. Schneider found it in 1887, and Hugo Zöller explored it in 1888. 4. It drains into Astrolabe Bay close to Rimba as it flows westward.",summarization is HR a great career,,yes,open_qa What are some key factors to consider in choosing a place to live?,,"1) Cost of living 2) Climate/weather 3) Access to quality healthcare 4) Access to quality education 5) Employment opportunities",open_qa "Based on the paragraph below, what are some key elements to consider in designing an OLTP system?","Systems design To build an OLTP system, a designer must know that the large number of concurrent users does not interfere with the system's performance. To increase the performance of an OLTP system, a designer must avoid excessive use of indexes and clusters. The following elements are crucial for the performance of OLTP systems: Rollback segments Rollback segments are the portions of database that record the actions of transactions in the event that a transaction is rolled back. Rollback segments provide read consistency, rollback transactions, and recovery of the database. Clusters A cluster is a schema that contains one or more tables that have one or more columns in common. Clustering tables in a database improves the performance of join operations. Discrete transactions A discrete transaction defers all change to the data until the transaction is committed. It can improve the performance of short, non-distributed transactions. Block size The data block size should be a multiple of the operating system's block size within the maximum limit to avoid unnecessary I/O. Buffer cache size SQL statements should be tuned to use the database buffer cache to avoid unnecessary resource consumption. Dynamic allocation of space to tables and rollback segments Transaction processing monitors and the multi-threaded server A transaction processing monitor is used for coordination of services. It is like an operating system and does the coordination at a high level of granularity and can span multiple computing devices. Partition (database) Partition use increases performance for sites that have regular transactions while still maintaining availability and security. Database tuning With database tuning, an OLTP system can maximize its performance as efficiently and rapidly as possible.","The designer of an OLTP system must ensure that the number of concurrent users does not interfere with the performance of the system. Some key elements include rollback segments (which record actions of transactions to enable rollback if needed); clusters (data schema which which improves performance of join operations); discrete transactions (ensures the data is not changed until the transaction is committed, which improves performance); block size (reduces unnecessary I/O by ensuring data block size is a multiple of operating system block size); buffer cache size (when SQL statements are tuned to use buffer cache, it avoids unnecessary consumption); dynamic allocation of space to tables and rollback segments; transaction processing monitors (used for coordination of services, acting as kind of an operating system that can span multiple computing devices); database partitions (using partitions increases performance while balancing availability and security); and database tuning (allowing the OLTP system to maximize its performance efficiently and rapidly).",summarization Is Maison Ikkoku a manga series,"Maison Ikkoku is a manga series written and illustrated by Rumiko Takahashi. It was serialized in Shogakukan's Big Comic Spirits from November 15, 1980 to April 20, 1987. It has been adapted into an anime series and a live action film and two episode TV drama. The plot follows Yusaku Godai, a rōnin who resides in an old apartment complex named Maison Ikkoku as he studies for the university entrance exam. Yusaku's life progression and interactions progress episodically and focuses on his growing relationship with the apartment manager, Kyoko Otonashi.","Maison Ikkoku is a manga series written and illustrated by Rumiko Takahashi. It was serialized in Shogakukan's Big Comic Spirits from November 15, 1980 to April 20, 1987. It has been adapted into an anime series and a live action film and two episode TV drama.",closed_qa "Based on the reference text about the Tampa Bay Rays, what is the name of their stadium and who are their main rivals?","The Tampa Bay Rays are an American professional baseball team based in St. Petersburg, Florida. The Rays compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. Since its inception, the team's home venue has been Tropicana Field. Following nearly three decades of unsuccessfully trying to gain an expansion franchise or enticing existing teams to relocate to the Tampa Bay area, an ownership group led by Vince Naimoli was approved on March 9, 1995. The team began play as the Tampa Bay Devil Rays in the 1998 Major League Baseball season. The team's first decade of play was marked by futility; they finished in last place in the AL East in all but the 2004 season, when they finished second to last. Following the 2007 season, Stuart Sternberg, who had purchased controlling interest in the team from Vince Naimoli two years earlier, changed the team's name from ""Devil Rays"" to ""Rays"", now meaning both a manta ray and a ray of sunshine; a manta ray logo appears on the uniform sleeves while a sunburst appears on the uniform front. The 2008 season saw the Rays post their first winning season, their first AL East championship, and their first American League pennant (defeating the rival Boston Red Sox in the ALCS), though they lost to the Philadelphia Phillies in that year's World Series. Since then, the Rays have played in the postseason seven more times, winning the American League pennant again in 2020 and losing to the Los Angeles Dodgers in that year's World Series. The Tampa Bay Rays' chief rivals are the Boston Red Sox and the New York Yankees, which also play in the AL East. Regarding the former, there have been several notable on-field incidents. The Rays also have an in-state interleague rivalry with the National League (NL)'s Miami Marlins (originally the Florida Marlins), whom they play in the Citrus Series. Through 2022, the Rays' all-time record is 1,912–2,034 (.485)",The name of the Tampa Bay Rays stadium is Tropicana Field and their main rivals are the Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees.,closed_qa "From the passage provided, extract the name of the Director of the Star Wars movie","Star Wars (retroactively titled Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope) is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas, produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by 20th Century-Fox. It is the first film in the Star Wars film series and fourth chronological chapter of the ""Skywalker Saga"". Set ""a long time ago"" in a fictional universe where the galaxy is ruled by the tyrannical Galactic Empire, the story focuses on a group of freedom fighters known as the Rebel Alliance, who aim to destroy the Empire's newest weapon, the Death Star. Luke Skywalker becomes caught in the conflict while learning the ways of a metaphysical power known as ""the Force"" from Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi. The cast includes Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, Alec Guinness, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew.",Star wars was directed and written by George Lucas,information_extraction Is a golden doodle a good pet for a family with young children?,,"Golden doodles, which are part golden retriever and part poodle, are very popular and make good pets, especially for families with children. While some golden doodles may be outliers, generally they have a very good temperament, and are loving and loyal pets. A young child can yank on their tails or fur, and parents don’t need to be concerned that their child will get bitten (although the golden doodle will likely nudge the child to stop that behavior). They also are generally intelligent dogs, and learn easily. More importantly, they are easy to house train, which is important for a family with young children, since there aren’t additional messes to clean up after. They don’t shed like long-haired dogs, where the hairs can get on your clothes. They shed in clumps of hair, which are easier to see and clean up. Last, golden doodles are very cute dogs, which is another element that has contributed to their popularity. However, because they are part poodle, they can be excitable, in particular when they are puppies, and they need to get a lot of exercise so that they can expend their energy. As a result, they should be with an active family so that they can get plenty of activity.",open_qa What is the study of flags called?,,"The Study of Flags Is Called Vexillology. Vexillology as a word is derived from the Latin vexillum, a term used by the Romans to refer to a kind of standard with a fabric hung from a horizontal crossbar on a pole. It is the nearest equivalent in the classical languages to what we call a flag today.",open_qa What is MATLAB?,,"MATLAB is a proprietary multi-paradigm programming language and numeric computing environment developed by MathWorks. MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages.",open_qa Where is the Burg Lockenhaus located,"Burg Lockenhaus (Hungarian Léka) is a castle and medieval fortress in the Güns Valley in the southeastern part of Lockenhaus, in Burgenland, eastern Austria. Burg Lockenhaus is 368 metres (1,207 ft) above sea level. The castle was built in Romanesque and Gothic architectural styles around 1200, and was initially called ""Leuca"" or Léka. It is part of the Naturpark Geschriebenstein. Geography The castle is in the Güns Valley, set amidst a hilly terrain in eastern Austria, near the Hungarian border towards Kőszeg. It is in the southeastern part of the town of Lockenhaus, roughly 120 kilometres (75 mi) south of Vienna and roughly the same distance by road northeast of Graz.[citation needed] It was built on the spur of a hill, which is now called the Castle Hill. It can be reached by express bus service along the Eisenstadter Bundestrasse. A lake lies immediately to the east of the castle.","Burg Lockenhaus (Hungarian Léka) is a castle and medieval fortress in the Guens Valley in the southeastern part of Lockenhaus, in Burgenland, eastern Austria. Burg Lockenhaus is 368 metres (1,207 ft) above sea level. The castle was built in Romanesque and Gothic architectural styles around 1200, and was initially called ""Leuca"" or Léka. It is part of the Naturpark Geschriebenstein.",summarization What was invented by Dr Albert Southwick in 1881,,Electric chair,open_qa Give me some strategies to prevent procrastination,,"Procrastination is a huge problem for individuals in today's society. Though there are many strategies to beat procrastination, the effectiveness of these strategies is largely dependent on the individual and his/her/their circumstances. Here are some popular strategies to beat procrastination: 1. Set realistic, specific, and time-bound goals. The best goals should have some built-in time delays, but not too much, as to maintain some urgency. Large goals should also be broken into achievable chunks. 2. Limit your access to distracting media. Making use of your device's focus modes, or locking away your device all together when working can prevent you from being distracted while executing tasks 3. Make the rewards of accomplishing goals tangible and more immediate. A popular strategy for this is temptation bundling, where you bundle a behavior that is good for you in the long-run with a behavior that feels good in the short-run. For example, you may only allow yourself to watch YouTube videos while you are folding laundry. 4. Use support systems. Often, using peers, family, or other individuals in your support system to help hold you accountable is an effective way to encourage task accomplishment. This method also promotes social interaction and continuous discussion of goals with others. As a caveat, you should not become reliant on this method, as it can create burdens on the other individuals in your support system",brainstorming What is the Kentucky Derby Trophy,"The Kentucky Derby Trophy is a set of four trophies that are awarded to the winning connections of America's most famous race: the grade one $3,000,000 Kentucky Derby. The owner receives a gold trophy while the trainer, the jockey and the breeder win a silver half size replica of the main gold trophy. The trophy itself has been run for since the 50th running of the Kentucky Derby in 1924. Churchill Downs Race Course of Louisville, Kentucky has annually presented a gold trophy to the winning owner of the famed ""Run for the Roses.""","The Kentucky Derby Trophy is a set of four trophies that are awarded to the winning connections of America's most famous race: the grade one $3,000,000 Kentucky Derby. The owner receives a gold trophy while the trainer, the jockey and the breeder win a silver half size replica of the main gold trophy. The trophy itself has been run for since the 50th running of the Kentucky Derby in 1924. Churchill Downs Race Course of Louisville, Kentucky has annually presented a gold trophy to the winning owner of the famed ""Run for the Roses.""",summarization "Given this reference text about Bougainville Island, what is its land area?","Bougainville Island (Tok Pisin: Bogenvil) is the main island of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, which is part of Papua New Guinea. It was previously the main landmass in the German Empire-associated North Solomons. Its land area is 9,300 km2 (3,600 sq mi). The population of the whole province, including nearby islets such as the Carterets, is approximately 300,000 (2019 census). The highest point is Mount Balbi, on the main island, at 2,715 m (8,907 ft). The much smaller Buka Island, c. 500 km2 (190 sq mi), lies to the north, across the 400–500 m (1,300–1,600 ft) wide Buka Strait. Even though the strait is narrow, there is no bridge across it, but there is a regular ferry service between the key settlements on either side. The main airport (or airstrip) in the north is in the town of Buka.","Its land area is 9,300 km2 (3,600 sq mi).",closed_qa How do you make wine?,"Winemaking (also wine making) or vinification is the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid. The history of wine-making stretches over millennia. The science of wine and winemaking is known as oenology. A winemaker may also be called a vintner. The growing of grapes is viticulture and there are many varieties of grapes. Winemaking can be divided into two general categories: still wine production (without carbonation) and sparkling wine production (with carbonation – natural or injected). Red wine, white wine, and rosé are the other main categories. Although most wine is made from grapes, it may also be made from other plants. (See fruit wine.) Other similar light alcoholic drinks (as opposed to beer or spirits) include mead, made by fermenting honey and water, cider (""apple cider""), made by fermenting the juice of apples, and perry (""pear cider""), made by fermenting the juice of pears, and kumis, made of fermented mare's milk.","Winemaking is the process of using fruit for fermentation into alcohol. The science of winemaking is called enology. There are two general types of wine production: still wine and sparkling wine. The three categories of wine are red, white, and rose. Most wine is made from grapes but others can include apples, pears, and honey.",summarization "Given this paragraph, who wrote and directed Heads I Win, Tails You Lose","Heads I Win, Tails You Lose (Italian: Testa o Croce, also known as Heads or Tails) is a 1982 Italian comedy film written and directed by Nanni Loy. The film consists in two back-to-back stories that deals with two ""taboo"" themes, the celibacy of the clergy in the episode of Renato Pozzetto and the homosexuality in the one with Nino Manfredi.","Based on this passage of text, Nanni Loy wrote and directed the movie Heads I Win, Tails You Lose.",closed_qa What are some common character types in D&D?,,"Dungeons & Dragons (commonly D&D) has many character classes, and those classes have evolved throughout the different releases. The core character classes in the 3rd edition are Barbarian, Bard, Cleric, Druid, Fighter, Monk, Paladin, Ranger, Rogue, Sorcerer, and Wizard.",brainstorming Who was Elizabeth II?,Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during her lifetime and was head of state of 15 realms at the time of her death. Her reign of 70 years and 214 days was the longest of any British monarch and the longest verified reign of any female monarch in history.,Elizabeth II was the queen of the United Kingdom and the longest-reigning monarch.,closed_qa How to do discovery in sales?,,"A discovery call is a crucial step in the sales process . Here are some tips on how to conduct an effective discovery call: Do your research: Before the call, research the prospect's company and industry to better understand their business and what challenges they may be facing. Google for companies, linkedin, people, word of mouth. Set a clear agenda: At the beginning of the call, set a clear agenda for what you hope to accomplish during the call. Ensure two-way conversation: Ask open-ended questions to encourage a dialogue and allow the prospect to share their thoughts and concerns. Have a positive sign-off: At the end of the call, summarize the key points discussed and clarify any next steps or action items. By conducting an effective discovery call, you can gather valuable information about the prospect and their needs, and begin to build a relationship of trust and understanding. This can lead to a more successful sales process and help you close more deals.",open_qa What was the Troggs most famous hit,,Wild Thing,open_qa What is Power BI?,,"Power BI is a dashboard reporting tool that enables users and customers to interact with data using interactive and custom visualizations, custom calculations, and queries. You can build data models in Power BI, and you can run Power BI in direct query or import mode. Direct Query queries the data directly from the system of record it connects to and import mode makes a copy of that data locally in Power BI. Depending on the size of the dataset this can affect performance.",open_qa "From the given text, suggest some good activities for passing time during summer season.","People generally take advantage of the high temperatures by spending more time outdoors during summer. Activities such as travelling to the beach and picnics occur during the summer months. Sports including cricket, association football (soccer), horse racing, basketball, American football, volleyball, skateboarding, baseball, softball, tennis and golf are played. Water sports also occur. These include water skiing, wakeboarding, swimming, surfing, tubing and water polo. The modern Olympics have been held during the summer months every four years since 1896. The 2000 Summer Olympics, in Sydney, were held in spring and the 2016 Summer Olympics, in Rio de Janeiro, were held in winter. In the United States, many television shows made for children are released during the summer, as children are off school. Conversely, the music and film industries generally experience higher returns during the summer than other times of the year and market their summer hits accordingly. Summer is popular for animated movies to be released theatrically in movie theaters.","1. During summer season, Outdoor activities such as travelling to beach/picnics are popular. 2. Outdoor games such as Cricket, Soccer, Horse racing, Basketball, American football, Volleyball, Skateboarding, Baseball, Softball, Tennis and Golf are often played in summer season. 3. Water sports such as Water skiing, Wakeboarding, Swimming, Surfing, Tubing and Water polo are also favoured by people in summer months. 4. In United States, children can enjoy watching television as many television shows are released during summer as children are off school. 5. Animated movies are often launched across theatres in summer.",summarization As a business analyst whats the most efficient way to quickly gain functional knowledge when you join a new company,,"The strength of a business analyst is their domain knowledge and ability to understand business process, gather requirements from business users and perform analysis and preparing requirements artefacts (BRD, process flow, UAT Document). Most of this information is gathered by interacting with business users. As a first step the business analyst like any other employee should familiarise themselves with the company way of working, introducing themselves and making connection with fellow team members and business users.the BA next needs to understand the business process of the systems and application he/she will be supporting. This would require speaking to the business users to understand the as-is process, going through existing BRD and process flow documents to understand as-is structure. Regular 1:1 with key business stakeholders does help. BA also needs to establish relationship with the IT team, after all its them who will be implementing the BRD BA documents. BA needs to understand the current IT system and overview of teh technologies the current issues/challenges the IT team faces. This will help manage expectation with business users for any new requirements.",creative_writing Extract and list the names of characters a player can control in The Last of Us mentioned in the paragraph. Also describe relationships between those characters.,"The Last of Us is an action-adventure game played from a third-person perspective. The player traverses post-apocalyptic environments such as towns, buildings, forests, and sewers to advance the story. The player can use firearms, improvised weapons, hand-to-hand combat, and stealth to defend against hostile humans and cannibalistic creatures infected by a mutated strain of the Cordyceps fungus. For most of the game, the player takes control of Joel, a man tasked with escorting a young girl, Ellie, across the United States. The player also controls Ellie throughout the game's winter segment and briefly controls Joel's daughter, Sarah, in the opening sequence.","In the Last of Us, a player can control Joel, Ellie (who is being escorted by Joel across the United States), and Sarah (who is Joel's daughter).",information_extraction Give me a list of some characteristics of a good coffee shop?,,"Some characteristics of good coffee shops include: - Very good coffee, either freshly roasted locally or acquired from a quality roaster - High end coffee grinders, brewing machines, and a high quality espresso machine and well-trained baristas - Different coffee roast options (i.e. medium roast, dark roast) and brewing methods (i.e. drip coffee and pour-over) available - A variety of cafe fare, such as pastries and croissants, available for purchase to accompany coffee - Ample seating, with power outlets available by most seats.",brainstorming What is Taj Mahal?,,"The Taj Mahal 'Crown of the Palace' is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the right bank of the river Yamuna in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. The Taj Mahal attracts more than 6 million visitors a year and in 2007, it was declared a winner of the New 7 Wonders of the World.",classification What is a Mormon?,,"A Mormon typically refers to a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The word Mormon comes from a prophet in the Book of Mormon who lived in the Americas around 300 A.D. The Book of Mormon is part of the canon of scripture that members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints use, in conjunction with the Bible and the Doctrine and Covenants. It is often viewed as a distinguishing difference between the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and other Christian denominations. Historically, this is why members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints have been called Mormons.",open_qa What does AWS stand for?,,AWS is an abbreviation for Amazon Web Services. AWS is a subsidiary of Amazon and delivers cloud computing services.,open_qa "Extract the listed ingredients involved in the making of Sourdough bread, in a comma separated list","Sourdough baking requires minimal equipment and simple ingredients – flour, salt, and water – but invites practice. Purism is a part of the appeal. As described by one enthusiast, ""If you take flour, water, (wild) yeast and salt, and play around with time and temperature, what comes out of the oven is something utterly transformed."" Many bakers feed their starters on elaborate schedules, and many name them. Some approach sourdough as science, attempting to optimize flavor and acidity with careful measurements, experimentation, and correspondence with professional microbiologists. Some lineages of starter are freely shared, and others can be purchased, but many prefer to cultivate their own. Some techniques for doing so are fiercely debated, such as the use of commercial yeast to jump-start a culture while capturing wild yeasts, or adding grapes or milk.","flour, salt, water, yeast or starter",information_extraction What is EFTPOS?,,"Electronic funds transfer at point of sale, or EFTPOS, is an electronic payment system involving electronic funds transfers based on the use of payment cards, such as debit or credit cards, at payment terminals located at points of sale. EFTPOS technology was developed during the 1980s. In Australia and New Zealand, it is also the brand name of a specific system used for such payments; these systems are mainly country-specific and do not interconnect. In Singapore, it is known as NETS. Debit and credit cards are embossed plastic cards complying with ISO/IEC 7810 ID-1 standard. The cards have an embossed bank card number conforming with the ISO/IEC 7812 numbering standard.",open_qa Summarize what it is means to feel threatened?,"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Threat (disambiguation). Threats can be subtle or overt. Actor Justus D. Barnes, in The Great Train Robbery A threat is a communication of intent to inflict harm or loss on another person. Intimidation is a tactic used between conflicting parties to make the other timid or psychologically insecure for coercion or control. The act of intimidation for coercion is considered as a threat. Threatening or threatening behavior (or criminal threatening behavior) is the crime of intentionally or knowingly putting another person in fear of bodily injury. ""Threat of harm generally involves a perception of injury...physical or mental damage...act or instance of injury, or a material and detriment or loss to a person."" Some of the more common types of threats forbidden by law are those made with an intent to obtain a monetary advantage or to compel a person to act against their will. In most US states, it is an offense to threaten to (1) use a deadly weapon on another person; (2) injure another's person or property; or (3) injure another's reputation.","Feeling threatened implies that someone or something is communicating or suggesting that they will inflict harm on you or your being. This is generally considered to be an intimidation tactic suggesting that if you do not comply, you will be harmed. Threats are not always physical, they can be emotional, financial, spiritual amongst many other types. Making threats depending on their severity can be considered illegal.",summarization Based on the following passage in which months of the year are storms most common in the North Indian basin?,"Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather, while in other places (particularly in Eastern Asia because of the monsoon) it is associated with rainy weather. The wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the savanna climate regime. Where the wet season is associated with a seasonal shift in the prevailing winds, it is known as a monsoon. In the northern Atlantic Ocean, a distinct tropical cyclone season occurs from 1 June to 30 November. The statistical peak of the Atlantic hurricane season is 10 September. The Northeast Pacific Ocean has a broader period of activity, but in a similar timeframe to the Atlantic. The Northwest Pacific sees tropical cyclones year-round, with a minimum in February and March and a peak in early September. In the North Indian basin, storms are most common from April to December, with peaks in May and November. In the Southern Hemisphere, the tropical cyclone season runs from the start of November until the end of April with peaks in mid-February to early March. Thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada runs in the spring through summer but sometimes can run as late as October or even November in the fall. These storms can produce hail, strong winds and tornadoes, usually during the afternoon and evening.","In the North Indian basin, storms are most common from April to December, with peaks in May and November.",information_extraction Does Las Vegas have a professional hockey team?,,The Vegas Golden Knights are a professional ice hockey team based in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. They compete in the National Hockey League as a member of the Pacific Division in the Western Conference.,creative_writing What is an option in finance?,,"In finance, an option is a contract which conveys to its owner, the holder, the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price on or before a specified date, depending on the style of the option. Options are typically acquired by purchase, as a form of compensation, or as part of a complex financial transaction. Thus, they are also a form of asset and have a valuation that may depend on a complex relationship between underlying asset price, time until expiration, market volatility, the risk-free rate of interest, and the strike price of the option.",open_qa How should I maintain my bicycle?,,"Keep your bicycle clean. Most important of all, keep your bicycle’s drivetrain clean. A bicycle’s drivetrain is the chain, chainrings and pulleys which make the rear wheel turn. If you can, wipe down the drivetrain with a cleaning lubricant made for bicycle drivetrains after each long ride, or every other short ride. Doing so will ensure that your ride is noticeably more enjoyable. Shifting will remain smooth and reliable, and pedaling will be easier. Dirty drivetrains are squeaky and loud. Your clean drivetrain will be nice and quiet. Your clean drivetrain will also last much longer since you are regularly cleaning away the dirt and other road grit and sweat which collects in the chain and grinds away everything it touches. If you are unable to maintain your bicycle, take it to the local bike shop at least once a year for maintenance and tune up. You won’t regret it.",open_qa "Based on this paragraph about the Ming treasure voyages, who commanded the fleet?","The Ming treasure voyages were the seven maritime expeditions undertaken by Ming China's treasure fleet between 1405 and 1433. The Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of the treasure fleet in 1403. The grand project resulted in far-reaching ocean voyages to the coastal territories and islands in and around the South China Sea, the Indian Ocean, and beyond. Admiral Zheng He was commissioned to command the treasure fleet for the expeditions. Six of the voyages occurred during the Yongle reign (r. 1402–24), while the seventh voyage occurred during the Xuande reign (r. 1425–1435). The first three voyages reached up to Calicut on India's Malabar Coast, while the fourth voyage went as far as Hormuz in the Persian Gulf. In the last three voyages, the fleet traveled up to the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa.","Based on this text, Admiral Zheng He commanded the Ming treasure voyages.",closed_qa "How many parts did O.J.: Made in America have, and could a documentary with the same length win an Oscar today?","The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 26, 2017. Moonlight became the first film with an all-black cast and the first LGBT-themed film to win Best Picture. In an event unprecedented in the history of the Oscars, La La Land was incorrectly announced as the Best Picture, and, a few minutes later, the error was corrected and Moonlight was declared the winner. O.J.: Made in America, at 467 minutes, became the longest film to win an Academy Award, surpassing the 431-minute long War and Peace, which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1969. Following the five-part documentary's win, new academy rules barred any ""multi-part or limited series"" from being eligible for documentary categories. With Casey Affleck winning the Oscar for Best Actor, he and his older brother, Ben Affleck, became the 16th pair of siblings to win Academy Awards. Mahershala Ali became the first Muslim actor to win an Oscar. Viola Davis became the first black person to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting with her Oscar, Emmy, and Tony wins.","O.J.: Made in America had 5 parts. Today, documentaries cannot be multi part, so a 5 part documentary could no longer win an Oscar.",closed_qa What is accounting?,,"Accounting is a field of study that deals with financial data and transactions. It is a way business keep tracking of payments made to vendors, payments made to employees, taxes paid, payments made to shareholders, and payments for general expenses. At the heart of it an accountant is responsible for the accounting books for every single transaction a company partakes in - receiving and paying money.",open_qa What kind of method is Transfer printing,,"Transfer printing is a method of decorating pottery or other materials using an engraved copper or steel plate from which a monochrome print on paper is taken which is then transferred by pressing onto the ceramic piece. Pottery decorated using the technique is known as transferware or transfer ware. It was developed in England from the 1750s on, and in the 19th century became enormously popular in England, though relatively little used in other major pottery-producing countries. The bulk of production was from the dominant Staffordshire pottery industry. America was a major market for English transfer-printed wares, whose imagery was adapted to the American market; several makers made this almost exclusively. The technique was essential for adding complex decoration such as the Willow pattern to relatively cheap pottery. In particular, transfer printing brought the price of a matching dinner service low enough for large numbers of people to afford. Apart from pottery, the technique was used on metal, and enamelled metal, and sometimes on wood and textiles. It remains used today, although mostly superseded by lithography. In the 19th century methods of transfer printing in colour were developed.",open_qa Please summarize Sinclair's argument in this paragraph for why longer lifespans will not lead to overpopulation.,"A review for Boston Magazine called Sinclair “one of science’s most controversial figures” and said many in the scientific community were skeptical of claims he made about human longevity. University of Alabama biology professor Steven N. Austad said, “David is a good friend, but I do think he’s been guilty of making excessive claims.” Writing in Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Charles Brenner summarized that Lifespan has ""become an influential source of misinformation on longevity, featuring counterfactual claims about longevity genes being conserved between yeast and humans, the existence of supposed activators of these genes, and claimed successful age reversal in mice based on partial reprogramming."" In a 2019 interview, Sinclair dismissed the idea that longer lifespans could lead to overpopulation. ""Population growth will level off within the next couple of decades, and healthier people are having fewer children,"" Sinclair said. ""The global population is already stabilizing, and in many advanced countries going down, so people’s fear that the world will be overpopulated with frail old people is completely wrong.""","Based on this paragraph, Sinclair is not concerned with the risk of overpopulation even if lifespans become longer. His rationale is the healthier people are having fewer children and so the population is going down in many advanced countries.",summarization Why does it rain?,,"Rain is droplet of water falling from the sky. In the water life cycle, water from water bodies on earth evaporates and become clouds. The water droplets in the cloud coalesce and get bigger. When clouds become saturated, or get bigger and bigger, that the air can no longer hold it, they fall down as rain.",open_qa What is the most popular sport?,,"This depends on where you live, but football is one of the most popular sports in the world. In some countries, it is called soccer. Every 4 years countries assemble teams to see which is the best, and most countries have several leagues. Popular teams, such as real madrid, can garner fans from across the world. There are people who would even argue that football is more than just a sport.",open_qa Who was the American president for the majority of WWII?,,FDR was the American president for most of the second World War,open_qa Write the first paragraph of a blog post describing the appeal of gravel bikes in the bay area.,,"For many years, cycling has been a staple in the bay area. Its temperate climate, easy access to nature, and bike-friendly sentiment have fostered a steady growth of interest in the sport, especially with the rise of COVID creating a shift toward distanced outdoor activities in recent years. Traditionally, cycling has had three modalities: mountain biking, road biking, and cyclocross. Recently, a fourth modality, gravel biking, has had a rapid rise in popularity.",creative_writing What is SQL?,,Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standardized programming language that is used to manage relational databases and perform various operations on the data in them.,open_qa When was the Sydney Opera House formally opened,"The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney. Located on the foreshore of Sydney Harbour, it is widely regarded as one of the world's most famous and distinctive buildings and a masterpiece of 20th-century architecture. Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon, but completed by an Australian architectural team headed by Peter Hall, the building was formally opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 20 October 1973 after a gestation beginning with Utzon's 1957 selection as winner of an international design competition. The Government of New South Wales, led by the premier, Joseph Cahill, authorised work to begin in 1958 with Utzon directing construction. The government's decision to build Utzon's design is often overshadowed by circumstances that followed, including cost and scheduling overruns as well as the architect's ultimate resignation. The building and its surrounds occupy the whole of Bennelong Point on Sydney Harbour, between Sydney Cove and Farm Cove, adjacent to the Sydney central business district and the Royal Botanic Gardens, and near to the Sydney Harbour Bridge.","The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney. Located on the foreshore of Sydney Harbour, it is widely regarded as one of the world's most famous and distinctive buildings and a masterpiece of 20th-century architecture. Designed by Danish architect Jorn Utzon, but completed by an Australian architectural team headed by Peter Hall, the building was formally opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 20 October 1973 after a gestation beginning with Utzon's 1957 selection as winner of an international design competition. The Government of New South Wales, led by the premier, Joseph Cahill, authorised work to begin in 1958 with Utzon directing construction. The government's decision to build Utzon's design is often overshadowed by circumstances that followed, including cost and scheduling overruns as well as the architect's ultimate resignation. The building and its surrounds occupy the whole of Bennelong Point on Sydney Harbour, between Sydney Cove and Farm Cove, adjacent to the Sydney central business district and the Royal Botanic Gardens, and near to the Sydney Harbour Bridge.",summarization "Tell me if these are types of rock or types of fungi: sedimentary, yeasts, mildews, metamorphic, igneous, smuts, rusts, molds.",,"Types of rocks include: sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous. Types of fungi include: yeasts, mildews, smuts, rusts, molds.",classification What is functional genomics?,,"Functional genomics is a field of molecular biology that attempts to describe gene (and protein) functions and interactions. Functional genomics make use of the vast data generated by genomic and transcriptomic projects (such as genome sequencing projects and RNA sequencing). Functional genomics focuses on the dynamic aspects such as gene transcription, translation, regulation of gene expression and protein–protein interactions, as opposed to the static aspects of the genomic information such as DNA sequence or structures. A key characteristic of functional genomics studies is their genome-wide approach to these questions, generally involving high-throughput methods rather than a more traditional ""candidate-gene"" approach.",open_qa Please provide some information about Worcester Park railway station from the given passage,"Worcester Park railway station serves the Worcester Park area in south-west London, England. It is 10 miles 53 chains (17.2 km) down the line from London Waterloo. It opened in 1859 when the London and South Western Railway completed the Epsom branch. It was originally known as ""Old Malden"" and was renamed ""Worcester Park"" in 1862. Following substantial local housing development, the station was refurbished in the 1930s.","1. The Worcester Park neighbourhood in southwest London, England, is served by the Worcester Park railway station. 2. It is 10.53 chains (17.2 km) away from London Waterloo on the same line. 3. After the London and South Western Railway finished building the Epsom branch, it was inaugurated. 4. Worcester Park replaced the earlier designation of ""Old Malden"" in 1862. 5. The station was renovated in the 1930s after significant local housing construction.",summarization What is a calendar?,,"A calendar is an arrangement of a depiction of time defined by humans. It is a collection of multiple days that makes up a month with multiple months representing a year of time. Each day of the week on a calendar is assigned a word to represent the day - Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday. A calendar is used for planning scheduled events in the future, remembering birthdays, and other important dates like tests in school. A calendar can also be broken down into seasonal months that represent the months that match the weather during any particular time of the year.",open_qa What is a Delta Lake?,,"A Delta Lake is an open-source storage layer designed to run on top of an existing data lake and improve its reliability, security, and performance. Delta Lakes support ACID transactions, scalable metadata, unified streaming, and batch data processing.",open_qa What is deep dish pizza?,,Deep dish pizza is a variant of traditional pizza where the dough ends are rolled and pushed to the ends of a deep pan similar to a dessert pie crust. The crust is then filled with cheese and other toppings and spread with chunky tomato sauce. This type of pizza is also referred to as Chicago-style pizza.,open_qa "Given a reference text about the Kaziranga Elephant Festival, tell me who organizes it.","The Kaziranga Elephant Festival is a yearly elephant festival held in the Kaziranga National Park of Assam for the conservation and protection of Asiatic elephant. The festival is jointly organised by the Forest Department and Tourism Department of Assam with an objective to highlight and find ways to resolve the increasing man-elephant conflict. Hundreds of domestic Asiatic elephants, decorated from head to toe, participate in the program. They take part in parade, races, football and dance earning praises from the spectators.",The Kaziranga Elephant Festival is organized by the Forest and Tourism Departments of Assam.,closed_qa What are the 8 categories of scientific classification?,,"Levels of Classification. The classification system commonly used today is based on the Linnean system and has eight levels of taxa; from the most general to the most specific, these are domain, kingdom, phylum (plural, phyla), class, order, family, genus (plural, genera), and species.",classification Summarize the lay out of the Jardins du Château Val Joanis,"The Jardins du Château Val Joanis are gardens which belong to the Château Val Joanis winery, located west of the town of Pertuis in the Vaucluse Department of France. The gardens are inspired by the 17th century bastide, or Provençal manor, which stands on the site. They are private but open to the public, and are classified by the French Ministry of Culture among the Remarkable Gardens of France. History The Chateau is built on the site of an ancient Roman villa, some of whose stones today decorate the garden. The building is decorated with the coat of arms of Jean de Joanis, the secretary of the King Louis III of Naples. The estate was occupied by the Arnaud family, who kept it until the 17th century. In 1754, the estate was given the status of a fief. The house and estate fell into ruins during the 19th century. It was purchased in 1977 by Jean-Louis Chancel. Between 1979 and 1999, he planted 186 hectares of vines. He also commissioned the architect Jean-Jacques Pichoux to build a modern winery building, inspired by the architectural style of the Dominican Order. In 1978, Cécile Chancel decided to build a garden in the style of a 17th-century kitchen garden. She had terraces dug on the hillside next to the vineyards, researched different garden styles, and, with the assistance of landscape gardener Tobie Loup de Vian, began building. The garden reached its present form by 1990. It was classified as a Remarkable Garden of France in 2005. Description The gardens are laid out on three terraces: The upper terrace is a kitchen garden and flower garden, featuring lavender cut into spheres, squash, salad plants, fennel, and aromatic plants and herbs. Different varieties of tomatoes are grown on bamboo frames, and there are pyramids of ivy and hops (Humulus lupulus). The middle terrace features flowers, particularly roses. The paths are bordered with Iris × germanica and with yew trees trimmed into cones. The lower terrace features fruit trees, particularly old varieties of apples and pears. The garden also has a garden of herbs, a collection of asters, and boxwood hedges trimmed in ornamental forms. An arbor or pergola covered with climbing roses and trumpet creeper (Campsis) climbs the hill and joins the three terraces. Tables and seats are placed at scenic spots with views of the garden and the vineyards beyond. The best times to visit the garden are June and July for the flowers, or September for the change of colors of the vineyards and trees.","The Jardins du Château Val Joanis are separated into the following three terraces: - The upper terrace, with a kitchen and flower garden - The middle terrace, featuring flowers - The lower terrace, featuring fruit trees",summarization Which cities participated in the first IPL?,"On 13 September 2007, on the back of India's victory at the 2007 T20 World Cup, BCCI announced a franchise-based Twenty20 cricket competition called Indian Premier League. The first season was slated to start in April 2008, in a ""high-profile ceremony"" in New Delhi. BCCI vice-president Lalit Modi, who spearheaded the IPL effort, spelled out the details of the tournament including its format, the prize money, franchise revenue system and squad composition rules. It was also revealed that the IPL would be run by a seven-man governing council composed of former India players and BCCI officials and that the top two teams of the IPL would qualify for that year's Champions League Twenty20. Modi also clarified that they had been working on the idea for two years and that the IPL was not started as a ""knee-jerk reaction"" to the ICL. The league's format was similar to that of the Premier League of England and the NBA in the United States. In order to decide the owners for the new league, an auction was held on 24 January 2008 with the total base prices of the franchises costing around $400 million. At the end of the auction, the winning bidders were announced, as well as the cities the teams would be based in: Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kolkata, Mohali, and Mumbai. In the end, the franchises were all sold for a total of $723.59 million. The Indian Cricket League soon folded in 2008.","Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kolkata, Mohali, Mumbai",information_extraction What is the movie True Spirit about?,"In 2009, 16-year-old Jessica Watson dreams of becoming the youngest person to circumnavigate the globe non-stop and unassisted, which means she must sail alone and not dock at any port along the way. The journey is estimated to take 200 days, and she must cross the equator and all Meridians of longitude. Her team consist of her parents, three siblings, and her coach Ben Bryant: a disgraced, former competitive sailor. When on her boat, Ella's Pink Lady, Jessica communicates with the team via satellite phone. On a test run, Jessica's boat is hit by a freighter that strayed off course. She didn't notice the oncoming ship because she forgot to turn on her alert system before going to bed. The accident raises skepticism among the media as to whether Jessica can safely achieve her goal. Her parents are also worried, but continue to support her ambitions. Jessica sets off on her journey from Sydney, and things go smoothly until she encounters her first big storm. Deciding to ride it out, Jessica lowers her sail and retreats to her cabin. The waves are so violent that she is knocked unconscious and doesn't awake until the next morning. Her parents fear she is concussed, but Jessica assures them she's fine and continues her trip. A period of no wind occurs and Jessica's boat remains stationary for a week. During this time, she suffers from depression and loneliness. She has a heated argument with Ben and cruelly reminds him that, while competing in the New Zealand Millennium Cup, one of his crew members died under his command. He angrily quits the project in response. Jessica's mother encourages her frustrated daughter to lift her spirits by singing David Bowie's ""Starman"" while looking at the brightest star in the sky. The wind returns and Jessica continues her journey. She eventually nears Australia and is about one thousand miles from Sydney. Before she can reach home, she encounters three storms that merge. Ben returns and advises her to alter the route, effectively abandoning her official circumnavigation. Jessica refuses to give up and choses to ride it out. The storm proves to be far more violent than the last one. The Pink Lady capsizes and is thrust 15 feet (4.5 meters) underwater. This sets off the boat's emergency locator beacon, and the team fears Jessica may have drowned. The Pink Lady, however, resurfaces and rights herself. Jessica informs her family that she and the boat are safe. She returns to Sydney Harbor, 210 days after she left. Her team and a crowd spectators are there to welcome her home. The epilogue reveals that Jessica was named the 2011 Young Australian of the Year, has written two books despite having dyslexia, and is still an avid sailor.","True Spirit, released by Netflix in February 2023, follows the journey of Jessica Watson and her journey to become the youngest sailor to circumnavigate the globe non-stop and unassisted. She receives strong pushback from the Australian government and the media, who urge her to cancel her voyage after a collision with a freighter on the first night of a test run. While her parents are worried, they ultimately continue to support her, and Jessica departs on her boat, Ella's Pink Lady in October of 2009. The movie follows her 210 day journey covering both heavy storms and a period of no wind.",summarization What are some examples of low-flow fixtures?,"A low-flow fixture is a water saving plumbing fixture designed to achieve water savings by having a lower flow rate of water or a smaller quantity per flush. Some of these low-flow fixtures are faucets, showerheads, and toilets. In the United States a maximum water usage of conventional plumbing fixtures was federally mandated by the Energy policy act of 1992. Low-flow fixtures are designed to save water over conventional fixtures by having a lower flow rate while still maintaining satisfactory performance. The Environmental protection agency (EPA) WaterSense program has requirements for plumbing fixtures to achieve their definition for water saving low-flow.","faucets, showerheads, and toilets",closed_qa Why are cats so picky about what they eat?,"Cats have relatively few taste buds compared to humans (470 or so versus more than 9,000 on the human tongue). Domestic and wild cats share a taste receptor gene mutation that keeps their sweet taste buds from binding to sugary molecules, leaving them with no ability to taste sweetness. Their taste buds instead respond to acids, amino acids like protein, and bitter tastes. Cats also have a distinct temperature preference for their food, preferring food with a temperature around 38 °C (100 °F) which is similar to that of a fresh kill and routinely rejecting food presented cold or refrigerated (which would signal to the cat that the ""prey"" item is long dead and therefore possibly toxic or decomposing).","Cats' taste buds respond to acids, protein, and bitter tastes. The taste buds do not respond to sweetness. Additionally, cats prefer food with a temperature near 100 °F (38 °C). For wild cats, this temperature is associated with fresh food as opposed to food that may be decomposing.",summarization What is palmitoylation,,"Palmitoylation is the covalent attachment of fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, to cysteine (S-palmitoylation) and less frequently to serine and threonine (O-palmitoylation) residues of proteins, which are typically membrane proteins. The precise function of palmitoylation depends on the particular protein being considered. Palmitoylation enhances the hydrophobicity of proteins and contributes to their membrane association. Palmitoylation also appears to play a significant role in subcellular trafficking of proteins between membrane compartments, as well as in modulating protein–protein interactions. In contrast to prenylation and myristoylation, palmitoylation is usually reversible (because the bond between palmitic acid and protein is often a thioester bond). The reverse reaction in mammalian cells is catalyzed by acyl-protein thioesterases (APTs) in the cytosol and palmitoyl protein thioesterases in lysosomes. Because palmitoylation is a dynamic, post-translational process, it is believed to be employed by the cell to alter the subcellular localization, protein–protein interactions, or binding capacities of a protein. An example of a protein that undergoes palmitoylation is hemagglutinin, a membrane glycoprotein used by influenza to attach to host cell receptors. The palmitoylation cycles of a wide array of enzymes have been characterized in the past few years, including H-Ras, Gsα, the β2-adrenergic receptor, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). In signal transduction via G protein, palmitoylation of the α subunit, prenylation of the γ subunit, and myristoylation is involved in tethering the G protein to the inner surface of the plasma membrane so that the G protein can interact with its receptor.",open_qa "What are ""VTubers""?",,"VTubers are short for ""Virtual Youtubers"". The first VTuber was ""Kizuna AI"", who was using a 3D avatar and acted in various funny short videos and claimed to be a ""Super AI"". In reality Kizuna AI was acted by Kasuga Nozomi, an voice actor, who also later revealed her identity in the Kizuna API project. The debut of Kizuna AI prompted more people to become VTubers, and there began a whole industry from drawing avatars (mostly anime characters), to making 2D (called Live2D) and 3D models, to companies that recruit and support talents that act as ""VTubers"". The VTuber industry boomed as the live streaming industry gained momentum, and in many cases, streamers find it more relaxing to use an avatar rather than showing their real faces, bringing in a new generation of streamers into the industry. Right now, some of the most famous female streamers are virtual youtubers, such as Gawr Gura from Hololive Productions.",open_qa What is pseudoscience?,"The demarcation between science and pseudoscience has scientific, philosophical, and political implications. Philosophers debate the nature of science and the general criteria for drawing the line between scientific theories and pseudoscientific beliefs, but there is widespread agreement ""that creationism, astrology, homeopathy, Kirlian photography, dowsing, ufology, ancient astronaut theory, Holocaust denialism, Velikovskian catastrophism, and climate change denialism are pseudosciences."" There are implications for health care, the use of expert testimony, and weighing environmental policies.Addressing pseudoscience is part of science education and developing scientific literacy",Which is not based on mainstream factual science.,closed_qa What is alexa?,,"Alexa is a virtual assistant technology that people can purchase for use in their homes. It was created by Amazon back in 2013, and it responds like a human to human questions. It can order items from Amazon, and can also be used for home automation. Many widgets created can connect to the Alexa to extend the functionality of what Alexa can do. Alexa has fun entertainment features like story telling, singing, and telling jokes.",open_qa What is the Norwood scale used for?,,It is used to classify the stages of male pattern baldness. The scale is divided into seven stages.,open_qa "Assume you are the head boy/ girl of your school, draft a notice of around 50 words inviting students of classes 11 and 12 to attend a career counselling session by ABC, including how it will help the students.",,"Date Subject - Career Counselling Session by ABC All rhe students of classes 11 and 12 are invited to attend a career counselling session by ABC, an eminent counsellor on 30th April 2023. It will be of immense benefit to all students and will help you better understand your career options, and help you meet your future goals. Interested students are requested to register their names with their respective class teachers. Date- 30 April 2023 Time - 10 am to 12 pm Venue - School auditorium Signed Head Girl",creative_writing What are things people do in the morning?,,"Things that people tend to do in the morning are to wake up, drink coffee and have breakfast.",brainstorming What is genomics?,,"Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes as well as its hierarchical, three-dimensional structural configuration. In contrast to genetics, which refers to the study of individual genes and their roles in inheritance, genomics aims at the collective characterization and quantification of all of an organism's genes, their interrelations and influence on the organism. Genes may direct the production of proteins with the assistance of enzymes and messenger molecules. In turn, proteins make up body structures such as organs and tissues as well as control chemical reactions and carry signals between cells. Genomics also involves the sequencing and analysis of genomes through uses of high throughput DNA sequencing and bioinformatics to assemble and analyze the function and structure of entire genomes. Advances in genomics have triggered a revolution in discovery-based research and systems biology to facilitate understanding of even the most complex biological systems such as the brain. The field also includes studies of intragenomic (within the genome) phenomena such as epistasis (effect of one gene on another), pleiotropy (one gene affecting more than one trait), heterosis (hybrid vigour), and other interactions between loci and alleles within the genome.",classification "Based on the reference text, provide a one sentence overview of Dogecoin","Dogecoin (/ˈdoʊ(d)ʒkɔɪn/ DOHJ-koyn or DOHZH-koyn, Abbreviation: DOGE; sign: Ð) is a cryptocurrency created by software engineers Billy Markus and Jackson Palmer, who decided to create a payment system as a ""joke"", making fun of the wild speculation in cryptocurrencies at the time. It is considered both the first ""meme coin"", and, more specifically, the first ""dog coin"". Despite its satirical nature, some consider it a legitimate investment prospect. Dogecoin features the face of the Shiba Inu dog from the ""doge"" meme as its logo and namesake. It was introduced on December 6, 2013, and quickly developed its own online community, reaching a market capitalization of over $85 billion on May 5, 2021. As of 2021, it is the sleeve sponsor of Watford Football Club. Dogecoin.com promotes the currency as the ""fun and friendly Internet currency"", referencing its origins as a ""joke"". Software engineers Billy Markus and Jackson Palmer launched the satirical cryptocurrency as a way to make fun of Bitcoin and the many other cryptocurrencies boasting grand plans to take over the world. With the help of Reddit, the site became an instant hit. Within two weeks, Dogecoin had established a dedicated blog and forum, and its market value has reached US$8 million, once jumping to become the seventh largest electronic currency in the world. Dogecoin is based on Scrypt algorithm, and the transaction process is more convenient than Bitcoin.[citation needed] Dogecoin takes only 1 minute to confirm, while BTC takes 10 minutes.",Dogecoin is a cryptocurrency that features the face of a dog the was created as a joke to make fun of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.,summarization What are some of the pros of subleasing?,,"Subleasing can provide flexibility to a tenant, allowing them to move earlier than anticipated without having to continue to pay double rent or a lease breaking fee (often 1.5 to 2 times monthly rent, if allowed at all!) For the subletter, it can provide a way in which to find a lease with a non standard length (like 4 or 8 months, not typically offered) at a great rate. For landlords, it continues to keep their space occupied, and provides a new potential next tenant. Needless to say there are wins all around!",creative_writing Using examples taken from the text give me a summary of the main arguments in favour of slavery reparations in the United States and the anticipated cost of enacting such reparations,"Slavery ended in the United States in 1865 with the end of the American Civil War and the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which declared that ""Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction"". At that time, an estimated four million African Americans were set free. Support for reparations Within the political sphere, a bill demanding slavery reparations has been proposed at the national level, the ""Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act,"" which former Rep. John Conyers Jr. (D-MI) reintroduced to the United States Congress every year from 1989 until his resignation in 2017. As its name suggests, the bill recommended the creation of a commission to study the ""impact of slavery on the social, political and economic life of our nation""., however there are cities and institutions which have initiated reparations in the US (see § Legislation and other actions for a list). In 1999, African-American lawyer and activist Randall Robinson, founder of the TransAfrica advocacy organization, wrote that America's history of race riots, lynching, and institutional discrimination have ""resulted in $1.4 trillion in losses for African Americans"". Economist Robert Browne stated the ultimate goal of reparations should be to ""restore the black community to the economic position it would have if it had not been subjected to slavery and discrimination"". He estimates a fair reparation value anywhere between $1.4 to $4.7 trillion, or roughly $142,000 (equivalent to $162,000 in 2021) for every black American living today. Other estimates range from $5.7 to $14.2 and $17.1 trillion. In 2014, American journalist Ta-Nehisi Coates published an article titled ""The Case for Reparations"", which discussed the continued effects of slavery and Jim Crow laws and made renewed demands for reparations. Coates refers to Rep. John Conyers Jr.'s H.R.40 Bill, pointing out that Congress's failure to pass this bill expresses a lack of willingness to right their past wrongs. In September 2016, the United Nations' Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent encouraged Congress to pass H.R.40 to study reparations proposals. Still, the Working Group did not directly endorse any specific reparations proposal. The report noted that there exists a legacy of racial inequality in the United States, explaining that ""Despite substantial changes since the end of the enforcement of Jim Crow and the fight for civil rights, ideology ensuring the domination of one group over another, continues to negatively impact the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of African Americans today."" The report notes that a ""dangerous ideology of white supremacy inhibits social cohesion among the US population"". The topic of reparations gained renewed attention in 2020 as the Black Lives Matter movement named reparations as one of their policy goals in the United States. In 2020, rapper T.I. supported reparations that would give every African American US$1 million and asserted that slavery caused mass incarcerations, poverty, and other ills.","In spite of progressive changes since the end of enforcement of Jim Crow and the successes of the fight for civil rights there are still inherent racial inequalities in the USA which negatively affect the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of African Americans today. A United Nations report of 2016 did not endorse a specific reparations proposal, but did call out that there is an ideology of white supremacy present in the population of the United States that inhibits social cohesion. Further arguments have been made identifying slavery as a cause of mass incarcerations, poverty and other ills that affect today’s African Americans. It could be argued that there is an inherent acknowledgement that the case exists to examine the impact of slavery on the social, political and economic life of the United States in the annual submission to Congress of the ""Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act”. There are also individual cities within the USA which have instituted reparations. Estimates of the cost to African Americans of the United States’ history of discrimination have been estimated variously at $1.4 trillion, $4.7 trillion, $5.7 trillion, $14.2 trillion and $17.1 trillion. These estimates express the projected cost in $ to restore the black community to the economic position it would have if it had not been subjected to slavery and discrimination.",summarization Write a brief passage or elaborate in favour of or against the use or impact of social media in our day to day life.,,"Information and communication technology has changed rapidly over the past few years. The pace of change is accelerating rapidly. Even at this stage, after a decade or so there is going to be a drastic change in whatever technology we are using around. Onto this note, along with the rise of communication technology the use of social media have risen to a different level. The main reason why people share information on social media is to reveal valuable and entertaining content to others, to grow and nourish relationships and to get the word about brands and interests they had love to use or support. All these factors have caused social media to evolve to keeping in touch with people around that could make a real impact on society. The domains of social media is being used in many ways that shape education, politics, culture, careers, innovation and many more things around. Therefore, social media has changed the way we live our lives. It has redefined the way we imagine our surroundings. Who could have imagined that community networking sites like Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and many more would become a major platform for brands to find potential customers.There are both positive and negative impacts of social media on society as well as businesses. Social media can impact you both positively and negatively. If you are a content creator, or a startup owner, then social media is a great platform for you to meet your customers and people around. However, for individuals, social media is more like an addiction which may cause discomfort if not addressed properly and may impact their mental health. Social media is a great innovation that has changed the way we communicate and interact with each other. The main benefits of social media may include staying update with current affairs going around, communicating anytime and anywhere from the comfort of the any part of the world, advertising platforms for brands, easy to build relationships and connecting with people around and an easy access to desired information, products and services. However, there are also several disadvantages onto the same like lack of understanding and thoughtfulness which could be a major challenge going ahead in coping up things around, decrease in real face to face conversations , affects social emotional connection and cyberbullying. So, we do need to be responsible while using and the awareness around is quite more important before using it freely.",creative_writing "Roslyn is 36 years of age, weighs 74 kg, is 165 cm tall, and has 35% body fat. Her father had a heart attack at age 68 and her brother had an angioplasty at age 40. Both are living and well. Her blood chemistry values measure total cholesterol at 195 mg% and HDL cholesterol at 42 mg%. Her fasting blood sugar is 105 mg%. Roslyn is sedentary and has engaged in no endurance training program since college. Think about and state Roslyn's cardiovascular risk factors. What would you suggest she do to improve any risk factors of concern?",,"Her cholesterol levels and blood pressure seem to be within good levels. However, her sedentary lifestyle and inactivity is a cardiovascular risk factor. Her BMI is also 27.2, which would be considered in the overweight category, which is also a cardiovascular risk factor. Her fasting blood sugar is also a little high, in the pre-diabetes level which is another cardiovascular risk factor. Additionally, the fact that she has had close relatives with cardiovascular disease (heart attack, angioplasty), also raises concerns. I would suggest that she live a less sedentary lifestyle, and eat healthier as well.",brainstorming What was the most expensive watch ever sold at auction,"The most expensive watch ever sold at auction worldwide is the Patek Philippe Grandmaster Chime Ref. 6300A-010, which fetched 31.19 million US dollars (31,000,000 CHF) in Geneva on 9 November 2019 (by Christie's).",A Patek Philippe Grandmaster was sold for a reported 31.19 million USD,closed_qa in which city was the first public opera house opened,,Venice,open_qa What does Touch Typing refer to?,"Touch typing (also called blind typing, or touch keyboarding) is a style of typing. Although the phrase refers to typing without using the sense of sight to find the keys—specifically, a touch typist will know their location on the keyboard through muscle memory—the term is often used to refer to a specific form of touch typing that involves placing the eight fingers in a horizontal row along the middle of the keyboard (the home row) and having them reach for specific other keys. (Under this usage, typists who do not look at the keyboard but do not use home row either are referred to as hybrid typists.) Both two-handed touch typing and one-handed touch typing are possible.",Touch typing refers to typing without using the sense of sight to find the keys,closed_qa Bioinformatics,,"Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data, in particular when the data sets are large and complex. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines biology, chemistry, physics, computer science, information engineering, mathematics and statistics to analyze and interpret the biological data. Bioinformatics has been used for in silico analyses of biological queries using computational and statistical techniques. Bioinformatics includes biological studies that use computer programming as part of their methodology, as well as specific analysis ""pipelines"" that are repeatedly used, particularly in the field of genomics. Common uses of bioinformatics include the identification of candidates genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Often, such identification is made with the aim to better understand the genetic basis of disease, unique adaptations, desirable properties (esp. in agricultural species), or differences between populations. In a less formal way, bioinformatics also tries to understand the organizational principles within nucleic acid and protein sequences, called proteomics. Image and signal processing allow extraction of useful results from large amounts of raw data. In the field of genetics, it aids in sequencing and annotating genomes and their observed mutations. It plays a role in the text mining of biological literature and the development of biological and gene ontologies to organize and query biological data. It also plays a role in the analysis of gene and protein expression and regulation. Bioinformatics tools aid in comparing, analyzing and interpreting genetic and genomic data and more generally in the understanding of evolutionary aspects of molecular biology. At a more integrative level, it helps analyze and catalogue the biological pathways and networks that are an important part of systems biology. In structural biology, it aids in the simulation and modeling of DNA, RNA, proteins as well as biomolecular interactions.",open_qa What is a balloon?,,"A balloon is a latex rubber flexible bag that can be inflated with a gas or liquid. If you want a balloon to float you can inflate it with helium. It can also be filled with a liquid like water to make it a water balloon. Other types of balloons are hot air balloons filled with flammable gas that go up thousands of feet in the sky and can carry people, or weather balloon which floats high into the atmosphere to measure different weather patterns.",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the more recent available annual revenue from agriculture in dollars.","Agriculture is an important sector in California's economy. Farming-related sales more than quadrupled over the past three decades, from $7.3 billion in 1974 to nearly $31 billion in 2004. This increase has occurred despite a 15 percent decline in acreage devoted to farming during the period, and water supply suffering from chronic instability. Factors contributing to the growth in sales-per-acre include more intensive use of active farmlands and technological improvements in crop production. In 2008, California's 81,500 farms and ranches generated $36.2 billion products revenue. In 2011, that number grew to $43.5 billion products revenue. The Agriculture sector accounts for two percent of the state's GDP and employs around three percent of its total workforce. According to the USDA in 2011, the three largest California agricultural products by value were milk and cream, shelled almonds, and grapes.","In 2011, California's agricultural product revenue was $43.5 billion.",information_extraction What are the main considerations for chick care when raising backyard chickens?,"Purchasing chickens - Chicken owners need to find a place to purchase chickens. Oftentimes, people purchase chickens at local feed stores, or through a hatchery. Creating a brooder - Chickens not being raised by a mother hen need assistance from their owner to survive. Chickens are raised in a brooder, which can look like a variety of things. Many individuals create their own brooder out of cardboard, plastic or wood. Different sources identify a variety of different square feet per bird needed, but a rule of thumb can be two square feet per chicken. This number can be lowered when the chick is young, but as they grow they will need at least two square feet per bird. It is important that chicken owners place their brooder in a draft-free place, yet still allow holes in the brooder for ventilation.[citation needed] Heating and bedding - Chicks require a warm environment. In a brooder, this warm environment is created artificially with a heat lamp. My Pet Chicken recommends a red heat lamp, because a white heat lamp can create a harsh and uncomfortable environment for the baby chicks. During the first week of the chicks' life, a temperature of 95 degrees Fahrenheit is required. The temperature can be decreased by 5 degrees F. each week of the chicks life, until they reach week 6. At week 6, the birds should have enough feathers grown to be moved into their chicken coop. Checking on chicks often is important, as chicks that are too cold will huddle together to attempt to retain warmth, and chicks that are too hot will spread out in the brooder in attempts to cool down. Temperature can be adjusted accordingly by lowering and raising the heat lamp in the chick's brooder. Temperature can also be monitored by the use of a thermometer.[citation needed] Wooden chips are often used in the bottom of the brooder as a bedding. Food and water - Chicks require different food than adult chickens. Chicks need a mash or dust food so that they are able to digest it without grit. Adult chickens are able to digest grit, which allows them to eat bigger food pellets. Purchasing chick food from a local feed store that is specifically for baby chicks will ensure that all nutritional requirements are being met. There are different types of food for different types of chicks. Chicks that are grown for egg-laying purposes require a lower protein level than chicks that are grown as a source of meat. Chicks should be fed and given water out of containers that ensure the chicks' safety, as some containers can injure the chicks or cause easy drowning.","When raising backyard chickens, there are several considerations for chick care. First of all, you have to purchase the chicks. Then, you have to create a brooder to keep the chicks in. Next, you have to address heating and bedding. Finally, you have to provide them with the appropriate food and water.",summarization How can the climate be warming if I keep getting blizzards in my town?,,"The most important concept around climate change is that ""weather"", such as snowstorms and blizzards, is different then ""climate"". With climate change, the extremes are what fluctuate most: the colds are colder, and the hots are hotter. This sounds like your experience with blizzards and snowstorms. You may actually be experiencing more extreme cold weather as the planet warms due to greenhouse gases because of how the jet-stream is changing and warmer ocean temperatures put more water vapor into the atmosphere. Although it may seem that the weather is still cold at a local level, nearly every scientist agrees that climate change is causing more dramatic and extreme weather all around the world.",open_qa What does NSAID stand for?,,NSAID is an abbreviation for a class of medicine called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.,open_qa What are the potential source of energy for an engine?,"An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power generation), heat energy (e.g. geothermal), chemical energy, electric potential and nuclear energy (from nuclear fission or nuclear fusion). Many of these processes generate heat as an intermediate energy form, so heat engines have special importance. Some natural processes, such as atmospheric convection cells convert environmental heat into motion (e.g. in the form of rising air currents). Mechanical energy is of particular importance in transportation, but also plays a role in many industrial processes such as cutting, grinding, crushing, and mixing.","Potential sources of an engine includes potential energy, heat energy chemical energy, electrical energy and nuclear energy.",summarization What is Kendrick Lamar famous for?,,Kendrick Lamar is famous for being a rapper,open_qa Who are the avengers?,,"Avengers is the team of super heroes from Marvel comics. There are many super heroes in Marvels and out of which a few of them are called avengers. The team comprises of thee super heroes: Iron Man, Captain America, Hawk-eye, Wanda, Vision, Captain Marvel, Hulk, Thor, Ant Man, Black Panther, Winter Soldier, Black Widow and a few others.",creative_writing What is the best method for setting up to hit a golf shot approach to a green?,,"When a golfer is setting up to hit a golf short, there are several things they need to take into account. First, they need to understand what club to hit based on the distance to the green, the elevation, wind speed and possibly the contours of the green. For beginning golfers, focusing on the center of the green is probably easiest. More skilled golfers should target areas closer to the pin or that leave them an easier putt or chip. The second step is lining up the shot. It's usually best to approach from the behind the ball to make sure your legs and body are aligned to the target. The target (pin, tree, etc) should take into account a golfers natural tendency to either draw (right to left) or fade (left to right) the ball as well as the direction and strength of the wind. The golfers stance will also affect the trajectory of a ball. If the golfers feet are above the ball or the ball is on a downhill lie, the ball will tend to go to the right. If the golfers feet are below the ball or the ball is on an uphill lie, the ball will tend to go to the left. For left handed golfers, simple reverse the descriptions.",creative_writing What is a 2FA?,,"2-factor Authentication aka 2FA is an approach to add another layer of security on the top of baseline layer of username and password. Generally, it is achieved by asking user to add another code when logging into a service which can be generated via a registered application (e.g. Google Authenticator, password managers, etc), sending a code to registered mobile number or email address or other mechanisms like biosensor, touchpad, or other similar devices.",open_qa What are the statistics about San Francisco International Airport?,"San Francisco International Airport (IATA: SFO, ICAO: KSFO, FAA LID: SFO) is an international airport in an unincorporated area of San Mateo County, 13 miles (21 km) south of Downtown San Francisco. It has flights to points throughout North America and is a major gateway to Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Oceania. SFO is the largest airport in the San Francisco Bay Area and the second-busiest in California, after Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). In 2017, it was the seventh-busiest airport in the United States and the 24th-busiest in the world by passenger count. It is the fifth-largest hub for United Airlines, which operates out of Terminal 3 and the International Terminal. SFO functions as United's primary transpacific gateway. Additionally, SFO is a major maintenance hub for United Airlines and houses the SFO Museum that was created in 1980, the first museum in an international airport. It also serves as a hub for Alaska Airlines, which operates in Terminal 2. The airport is owned and operated by the City and County of San Francisco and lies in a ZIP code assigned to San Francisco. However, it is located outside of San Francisco in unincorporated San Mateo County. Between 1999 and 2004, the San Francisco Airport Commission operated city-owned SFO Enterprises, Inc., to oversee its business purchases and operations of ventures.",It is an international airport 13 miles south of San Francisco. It is the largest airport in San Francisco Bay Area and second largest in the state of California. It is a 7th business airport in United States and 24th in the world by passenger count. It is one of the largest hub for United Airlines. it houses the SFO Museum which was created in 1980. It is owned and operated by the city and county of San Francisco,information_extraction What is the best surface to run on?,,"Running is a great exercise, but not all running surfaces are created equal. Traditionally, those who run ""runners"" will run 5-7 days a week. Runners will average between 3 miles per run up to 20 miles per run. While running is great exercise and very efficient at burning calories, it can be hard on the body. Specifically the leg joints. The average runner will strike the surface they are running on 1,480 times per mile. So if you are running 10 miles, thats just under 15,000 foot strikes. This repetitive striking can deteriorate the body joints over time. Therefore, the type of surface a runner runs on, can have a huge impact on the body. Some surfaces are harder than others, the harder the surface, the harder on the body, legs and joints. Concrete is harder than asphalt, asphalt is harder than a dirt trail and a dirt trail is harder than a high school track surface. Example, concrete can be 30% harder surface than asphalt. Running is a great exercise and millions of people enjoy running. But if you want to run long, as in for a long time, choose your running surface for the long run. Because the surface you choose to run on, can have a direct correlation to how long your body and leg joints will last.",brainstorming From the passage identify the risk factors of pneumonia. Display the results in a comma separated format.,"Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. The severity of the condition is variable. Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria, and less commonly by other microorganisms. Identifying the responsible pathogen can be difficult. Diagnosis is often based on symptoms and physical examination. Chest X-rays, blood tests, and culture of the sputum may help confirm the diagnosis. The disease may be classified by where it was acquired, such as community- or hospital-acquired or healthcare-associated pneumonia. Risk factors for pneumonia include cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sickle cell disease, asthma, diabetes, heart failure, a history of smoking, a poor ability to cough (such as following a stroke), and a weak immune system. Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia (such as those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, linked to influenza, or linked to COVID-19) are available. Other methods of prevention include hand washing to prevent infection, not smoking, and social distancing. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Pneumonia believed to be due to bacteria is treated with antibiotics. If the pneumonia is severe, the affected person is generally hospitalized. Oxygen therapy may be used if oxygen levels are low.","cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sickle cell disease, asthma, diabetes, heart failure, a history of smoking, a poor ability to cough (such as following a stroke), a weak immune system",information_extraction how to express love without saying it out loud?,,"The book Five Love Languages talks about ways to express and experience love between partners are compliments, quality time, gifting, acts of service, physical touch. Although you do need to speak out your compliments, the other four can be done without a word. Some people also claim that preparing food and enjoying food together is another good way of bonding. Other suggestions include having a date routine like watching favorite movies or going to a dance hall and dancing to some Barry White on a fixed day every month.",brainstorming "Based on the paragraph below, the failure to uphold the commitments outlined in Magna Carta lead to what war?","Magna Carta Libertatum (Medieval Latin for ""Great Charter of Freedoms""), commonly called Magna Carta (also Magna Charta; ""Great Charter""), is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Cardinal Stephen Langton, to make peace between the unpopular king and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War.",First Barons' War,closed_qa what are the benefits of swimming?,,"Swimming is a gravity-free, full-body cardio workout; swimmers can determine the intensity of the workout on their own with different exercise strategies. Swimming can improve your cardio level, get better heart-blood circulation, and have stronger lungs. Like any other sport or exercises, swimming also reduces stress, boosts mood, and helps with sleep quality. If you swim fast pace sprints, it can build muscles. On the other hand, if you swim steady-paced, long laps, it improves endurance and reduces your resting heart rate with practice.",brainstorming How is digital switching possible?,"Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes, sensors and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes digital switching possible, and electronics is widely used in information processing, telecommunications, and signal processing. Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed components into a regular working system. Today, most electronic devices use semiconductor components to perform electron control. The underlying principles that explain how semiconductors work are studied in solid state physics, whereas the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems are part of electronics engineering.",The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes digital switching possible.,information_extraction "Extract from the text what are the Proteins functions in the organism, and separate them with a comma,","Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity.","catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, transporting molecules from one location to another",information_extraction How long did the Mughal empire last in India?,"The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of Indian subcontinent between the 16th and 19th centuries. For some two hundred years, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus river basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India.It included present day areas of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Mughal empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, a warrior chieftain from what is today Uzbekistan, who employed aid from the neighboring Safavid and Ottoman empires, to defeat the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, in the First Battle of Panipat, and to sweep down the plains of North India. The Mughal imperial structure, however, is sometimes dated to 1600, to the rule of Babur's grandson, Akbar. This imperial structure lasted until 1720, shortly after the death of the last major emperor, Aurangzeb, during whose reign the empire also achieved its maximum geographical extent. Reduced subsequently to the region in and around Old Delhi by 1760, the empire was formally dissolved by the British Raj after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Although the Mughal empire was created and sustained by military warfare, it did not vigorously suppress the cultures and peoples it came to rule; rather it equalized and placated them through new administrative practices and diverse ruling elites, leading to more efficient, centralised, and standardized rule. The base of the empire's collective wealth was agricultural taxes, instituted by the third Mughal emperor, Akbar. These taxes, which amounted to well over half the output of a peasant cultivator, were paid in the well-regulated silver currency, and caused peasants and artisans to enter larger markets. The relative peace maintained by the empire during much of the 17th century was a factor in India's economic expansion. The burgeoning European presence in the Indian Ocean, and its increasing demand for Indian raw and finished products, created still greater wealth in the Mughal courts. There was more conspicuous consumption among the Mughal elite, resulting in greater patronage of painting, literary forms, textiles, and architecture, especially during the reign of Shah Jahan. Among the Mughal UNESCO World Heritage Sites in South Asia are: Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Red Fort, Humayun's Tomb, Lahore Fort, Shalamar Gardens, and the Taj Mahal, which is described as ""the jewel of Muslim art in India, and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.""","The Mughal empire was founded by Babur in 1526 and was dissolved by the British in 1857, a span of 331 years.",information_extraction when was the Playstation 5 announced?,"The PlayStation 5 (PS5) is a home video game console developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment. It was announced as the successor to the PlayStation 4 in April 2019, was launched on November 12, 2020, in Australia, Japan, New Zealand, North America, and South Korea, and was released worldwide one week later. The PS5 is part of the ninth generation of video game consoles, along with Microsoft's Xbox Series X/S consoles, which were released in the same month. The base model includes an optical disc drive compatible with Ultra HD Blu-ray discs. The Digital Edition lacks this drive, as a lower-cost model for buying games only through download. The two variants were launched simultaneously. The PlayStation 5's main hardware features include a solid-state drive customized for high-speed data streaming to enable significant improvements in storage performance, an AMD GPU capable of 4K resolution display at up to 120 frames per second, hardware-accelerated ray tracing for realistic lighting and reflections, and the Tempest Engine for hardware-accelerated 3D audio effects. Other features include the DualSense controller with haptic feedback, backward compatibility with the majority of PlayStation 4 and PlayStation VR games, and the PlayStation VR2 headset. History Development Mark Cerny, the PlayStation 5's chief architect The lead architect of the PlayStation console line, Mark Cerny, implemented a two-year feedback cycle after the launch of the PlayStation 4. This entailed regularly visiting Sony's first-party developers at two-year intervals to find out what concerns they had with shortcomings in Sony's current hardware and how such hardware could be improved in console refreshes or for the next generation. This feedback was fed into the priorities for the console development team. In the development of the PlayStation 5, a key issue was the length of loading times for games. Cerny said several developers, including Epic Games' Tim Sweeney, told him that standard I/O speed of hard disk drives was now a limiting factor in pushing game development. Slow data rates placed limits on the size of data being loaded into the game, the physical location of data on the storage medium, and the duplication of data across the medium in order to reduce load times. An important goal was to find ways to reduce loading time, particularly in games that stream or dynamically load new game areas as the player moves through the game world. Jim Ryan, the CEO of Sony Interactive Entertainment, stated that Sony had researched the feasibility of a ""low priced, reduced spec"" version of the PlayStation 5, like what Microsoft had done with its Xbox Series X and its lower-power counterpart the Xbox Series S; and concluded that they believed such consoles do not fare well, becoming obsolete too fast. Marketing and release Cerny first publicly described the new console in an interview with Wired magazine in April 2019. In early 2019, Sony's financial report for the quarter ending March 31, 2019, affirmed that new next-generation hardware was in development but would ship no earlier than April 2020. In a second Wired magazine interview in October 2019, Sony said it intended to ship its next-generation console worldwide by the end of 2020. The current hardware specifications were revealed in October 2019. At CES 2020, Sony unveiled the official logo for the platform, which follows the similar minimalist styling of the previous PlayStation consoles and brand. Full specifications were given in an online presentation by Cerny and published by Sony and Digital Foundry on March 18, 2020. Digital Foundry spoke with Cerny in detail and published a ""deep dive"" on April 2. A major game library showcase had been planned for June 4, 2020, but was postponed until June 11 due to the George Floyd protests. This presentation was also the premiere of the console's external hardware design. Event lighting being set up at SIE headquarters on the evening of November 8, four days before the launch on November 12, 2020. Sony planned to launch the PlayStation 5 by the 2020 end-of-year holiday period. The date and pricing was confirmed as part of a game showcase presentation on September 16, 2020; the release date in Australia, Japan, New Zealand, North America, and South Korea was confirmed for November 12, 2020, and for most of the rest of the world on November 19, 2020. PlayStation 5's release in India was delayed, leading to speculation that a trademark dispute was the reason; the name ""PS5"" was briefly trademarked by a different person; eventually the dispute was resolved and the system released there on February 2, 2021. The console launched in Indonesia on January 22, 2021. The system launched in China on May 15, 2021. The console launched with two models: a base version with an Ultra HD Blu-ray compatible optical disc drive for retail game support alongside online distribution via the PlayStation Store, and a lower-cost variant lacking the disc drive and retaining digital download support. Following the September 16, 2020, presentation, Sony stated that pre-orders for the console were to open at various retailers on the following day. However, several retailers in the United States and the United Kingdom launched pre-orders that evening, causing a rush on pre-orders, including scalping as many stores' inventories were quickly sold out, and creating confusion. Sony apologized for the incident on September 19, 2020, and promised to increase more pre-order deliveries over the coming days and stock through the end of the year. Worldwide supply of the console has remained low due to a global chip shortage since 2020. Sony expects a short retail stock until 2023. In August 2022, Sony announced a price increase by up to 20% in most of its markets except the US, citing global economic, inflationary, and supply chain pressures.","The PlayStation 5 (PS5) is a home video game console developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment. It was announced as the successor to the PlayStation 4 in April 2019, was launched on November 12, 2020, in Australia, Japan, New Zealand, North America, and South Korea, and was released worldwide one week later.",summarization As per the passage which schools of Hinduism discuss Ishvara?,"Another Hindu term that is sometimes translated as deity is Ishvara, or alternatively various deities are described, state Sorajjakool et al., as ""the personifications of various aspects of one and the same Ishvara"". The term Ishvara has a wide range of meanings that depend on the era and the school of Hinduism. In ancient texts of Indian philosophy, Ishvara means supreme Self, Brahman (Highest Reality), ruler, king or husband depending on the context. In medieval era texts, Ishvara means God, Supreme Being, personal god, or special Self depending on the school of Hinduism. Among the six systems of Hindu philosophy, Samkhya and Mimamsa do not consider the concept of Ishvara, i.e., a supreme being, relevant. Yoga, Vaisheshika, Vedanta and Nyaya schools of Hinduism discuss Ishvara, but assign different meanings. Early Nyaya school scholars considered the hypothesis of a deity as a creator God with the power to grant blessings, boons and fruits; but these early Nyaya scholars then rejected this hypothesis, and were non-theistic or atheists. Later scholars of Nyaya school reconsidered this question and offered counter arguments for what is Ishvara and various arguments to prove the existence of omniscient, omnipresent, omnipotent deity (God).","Yoga, Vaisheshika, Vedanta and Nyaya.",information_extraction what are non-fungible token,,"A non-fungible token (NFT) is a unique digital identifier that cannot be copied, substituted, or subdivided, that is recorded in a blockchain, and that is used to certify ownership and authenticity. The ownership of an NFT is recorded in the blockchain and can be transferred by the owner, allowing NFTs to be sold and traded. NFTs can be created by anybody, and require few or no coding skills to create. NFTs typically contain references to digital files such as photos, videos, and audio. Because NFTs are uniquely identifiable assets, they differ from cryptocurrencies, which are fungible",open_qa Please describe what Business Process Mapping is and why it is used,"Business process mapping refers to activities involved in defining what a business entity does, who is responsible, to what standard a business process should be completed, and how the success of a business process can be determined. The main purpose behind business process mapping is to assist organizations in becoming more effective. A clear and detailed business process map or diagram allows outside firms to come in and look at whether or not improvements can be made to the current process. Business process mapping takes a specific objective and helps to measure and compare that objective alongside the entire organization's objectives to make sure that all processes are aligned with the company's values and capabilities. International Organization for Standardization or ISO 9001 : 2015 encourages a process approach to quality management. It is important to understand how each process relates to other processes within the organization and how those interactions impact Quality Management.","Business Process Mapping describes the capture of a set of business activities that deliver an outcome. Mapping is usually performed using visual tools that use standardized shapes to indicate entities. Mapping involves capturing activities, the roles performing the activities, systems and tools used to execute the activities and inputs and outputs from the activities. Process mapping is frequently conducted in cross functional workshops with a facilitator capturing the activities performed by Subject Matter Experts (SMEs). Common uses of process mapping include: * automation * compliance documentation * business process improvement * standardization",summarization Who wrote the TV series Babylon5?,"Babylon 5 is an American space opera television series created by writer and producer J. Michael Straczynski, under the Babylonian Productions label, in association with Straczynski's Synthetic Worlds Ltd. and Warner Bros. Domestic Television. After the successful airing of a test pilot movie on February 22, 1993, Babylon 5: The Gathering, Warner Bros. commissioned the series for production in May 1993 as part of its Prime Time Entertainment Network (PTEN). The show premiered in the US on January 26, 1994, and ran for five 22-episode seasons.",Babylon 5 is an American television series created by writer and producer J. Michael Straczynski.,closed_qa What was significant about the 1972 United States presidential election in Missouri,"The 1972 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 7, 1972. All fifty states and the District of Columbia were part of the 1972 United States presidential election. Voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Missouri was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Richard Nixon of California and his running mate Vice President Spiro Agnew of Maryland. Nixon and Agnew defeated the Democratic nominees, Senator George McGovern of South Dakota and his running mate U.S. Ambassador Sargent Shriver of Maryland. In a state substantially part of the conservative South, McGovern was viewed by many voters as a left-wing extremist because of his support for busing and civil rights, plus his opposition to the Vietnam War, support for granting amnesty to draft dodgers and support for a thousand-dollar giveaway to each American as a solution to poverty. Many, especially Republican campaigners, also believed McGovern would legalise abortion and illicit drugs if he were elected – despite the fact that his running mate Sargent Shriver was firmly opposed to abortion. These fears of McGovern's social radicalism were especially pronounced amongst poorer whites, who were abundant in the southern part of Missouri. Nixon carried Missouri with 62.29% of the vote to McGovern's 37.71%, a victory margin of 24.58%. Nixon won all but two jurisdictions: Monroe County and St. Louis City, and was the first Republican to ever carry southern secessionist Mississippi County and Maries County, the first since Abraham Lincoln in 1864 to carry “Little Dixie” Howard and Randolph Counties, and the first since Ulysses S. Grant in 1868 to carry Lewis, Lincoln, Ralls and Ray Counties. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Jackson County, which contains most of Kansas City, as well as Independence, the hometown of former Democratic president Harry S. Truman (who died seven weeks after the election), voted for a Republican presidential candidate.","Republican candidate Richard Nixon won the presidential election in Missouri by a significant margin, nearly 25 percent, including wins in many counties that had never voted for a Republican presidential candidate before, or had rarely done so.",summarization What is Palmitic acid?,,"Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature) is a fatty acid with a 16-carbon chain. It is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. Its chemical formula is CH3(CH2)14COOH, and its C:D (the total number of carbon atoms to the number of carbon–carbon double bonds) is 16:0. It is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil), making up to 44% of total fats. Meats, cheeses, butter, and other dairy products also contain palmitic acid, amounting to 50–60% of total fats. Palmitates are the salts and esters of palmitic acid. The palmitate anion is the observed form of palmitic acid at physiologic pH (7.4).",open_qa Describe the sensation of taking a cold shower and explain the rationale for why someone might take one.,,"When you take a shower with very cold water, you throw your body into a temporary state of shock. You feel your skin raise. Your toes may curl a bit. Your eyes may widen. If it is early morning and you're still waking up, you may find that you suddenly feel very alert. By leaving a room with a warm and comfortable temperature and entering a space with water produced at a chilly and uncomfortable temperature you actually trick your body. The sudden shift produces alertness that can be beneficial for people who are trying to wake up without caffeine and other stimulants or are otherwise trying to train their bodies to tolerate harsh conditions.",creative_writing "Given this paragraph, what are some examples of long short-term memory (LSTM) use cases?","Long short-term memory (LSTM) is an artificial neural network used in the fields of artificial intelligence and deep learning. Unlike standard feedforward neural networks, LSTM has feedback connections. Such a recurrent neural network (RNN) can process not only single data points (such as images), but also entire sequences of data (such as speech or video). This characteristic makes LSTM networks ideal for processing and predicting data. For example, LSTM is applicable to tasks such as unsegmented, connected handwriting recognition, speech recognition, machine translation, speech activity detection, robot control, video games, and healthcare.","Long short-term memory is used for handwriting recognition, speech recognition, machine translation, speech activity detection, robot control, video games and healthcare.",closed_qa How did Legos get their name?,,Legos was made by a Danish company and the danish phrase was 'leg godt' which translates as 'play well',open_qa "Given this text about the nutrition profile of peanut butter, what vitamins is peanut butter rich in?","In a 100 gram amount, smooth peanut butter supplies 597 Calories and is composed of 51% fat, 22% protein, 22% carbohydrates (including 5% dietary fiber), and 1% water (table). Both crunchy and smooth peanut butter are sources of saturated and monounsaturated fats (mainly oleic acid) as 25% of total serving amount, and polyunsaturated fat (12% of total), primarily as linoleic acid). Peanut butter is a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of dietary fiber, vitamin E, pantothenic acid, folate, niacin, and vitamin B6 (table, USDA FoodData Central). Also high in content are the dietary minerals manganese, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, and sodium (added as salt during manufacturing). Peanut butter is a moderate source (10–19% DV) of thiamin, riboflavin, iron, and potassium (table).","Vitamins that peanut butter is rich in include vitamin E, pantothenic acid, folate, niacin, and vitamin B6.",closed_qa What are some fun ways that you could spend time with your family?,,"There are many different fun activities that you could do with your family. Some examples include going for a walk, visiting a museum, watching a movie, doing an arts and crafts project, playing a board game, or trying a new restaurant. Please note that your decision ought to consider factors such as the ages, health, interests, and available time of the family members.",brainstorming Tell me some important points about AICF from the given passage.,"The All India Carrom Federation (AICF) (Hindi: अखिल भारतीय कैरम फेडरेशन) is India's national sport federation for the indigenous game of carrom, sanctioning six to seven national-level tournaments per year. It is India's representative body in the International Carrom Federation. The AICF has 15 regional and 28 state subnational affiliate institutions, the largest of which is the Maharashtra Carrom Association, further subdivided into local organisations.","1. India's national sports federation for the traditional game of carrom, the All India Carrom Federation (AICF), annually approves six to seven national-level competitions. 2. It serves as the International Carrom Federation's representative for India. 3. The AICF has 28 state-level affiliate institutions, 15 regional affiliate institutions, and 15 local affiliate institutions, the largest of which is the Maharashtra Carrom Association.",summarization "Given this paragraph on the Persian language, which are the 2 sub groups of the Western Iranian language?","The Western Iranian languages themselves are divided into two subgroups: Southwestern Iranian languages, of which Persian is the most widely spoken, and Northwestern Iranian languages, of which Kurdish and Balochi are the most widely spoken",Southwestern and Northwestern Iranian language,closed_qa What are the benefits of a high protein diet,,"High protein diets can have a lot of benefits. For one, if you are interested in muscle growth, protein helps with that, and a high protein diet can lead to increased muscle growth. Additionally, protein rich meals can help people stay full longer which can help decrease snacking leading to weight loss",open_qa When was the Indian National Flag adopted,,22nd July 1947,open_qa How is an electric field produced?,"Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others. The presence of either a positive or negative electric charge produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. In most applications, a force acts on a charge with a magnitude given by Coulomb's law. Electric potential is typically measured in volts. Electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies, being used for: Electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment; Electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though progress in theoretical understanding remained slow until the 17th and 18th centuries. The theory of electromagnetism was developed in the 19th century, and by the end of that century electricity was being put to industrial and residential use by electrical engineers. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at this time transformed industry and society, becoming a driving force for the Second Industrial Revolution. Electricity's extraordinary versatility means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which include transport, heating, lighting, communications, and computation. Electrical power is now the backbone of modern industrial society.",The presence of either a positive or negative electric charge produces an electric field.,information_extraction Which state in the US has the highest GDP?,,"California - The three U.S. states with the highest GDPs were California ($3.36 Trillion), Texas ($2.1 Trillion), and New York ($2.0 Trillion).",open_qa What is Violet Constance Jessop's nickname?,"Violet Constance Jessop (2 October 1887 – 5 May 1971), often referred to as the ""Queen of sinking ships"" or ""Miss Unsinkable,"" was an Argentine woman of Irish heritage who worked as an ocean liner stewardess, memoirist, and nurse in the early 20th century. Jessop is most well known for having survived the sinking of both the RMS Titanic in 1912 and her sister ship the HMHS Britannic in 1916, as well as having been onboard the eldest of the three sister ships, the RMS Olympic, when it collided with the British warship HMS Hawke in 1911.","She is commonly referred to as ""Miss Unsinkable"" or Queen of sinking ships"".",closed_qa Who was the first human to walk on the moon?,,Neil Armstrong was the first human to set foot on the moon.,open_qa What are the different type of coats of dogs?,"The coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: ""double"" being familiar with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or ""single"", with the topcoat only. Breeds may have an occasional ""blaze"", stripe, or ""star"" of white fur on their chest or underside. Premature graying can occur in dogs from as early as one year of age; this is associated with impulsive behaviors, anxiety behaviors, fear of noise, and fear of unfamiliar people or animals.","The coat of a dog varies depending on its breed. Typically a dog could have either a ""double"" coat or a ""single"" coat. ""Double"" coats are originated from breeds that live in colder climates. This type of coat consist of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair. Dogs with ""single"" coat only has the topcoat.",summarization What is Tableau?,,"Tableau software is a company based in America. They offer visualization and dashboarding software that connects to a company's data in their systems of records. They have a strong presence in the Business Intelligence community as a leader in the visualization space, and they were found in 2003. Now SalesForce owns Tableau as of 2019 and they paid around 16 billion dollars to acquire Tableau.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about Simon Bolivar, tell me when and where they were born, and what they are known for","Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios (24 July 1783 – 17 December 1830) was a Venezuelan military and political leader who led what are currently the countries of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Panama and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish Empire. He is known colloquially as El Libertador, or the Liberator of America. Simón Bolívar was born in Caracas in the Captaincy General of Venezuela into a wealthy family of American-born Spaniards (criollo), but lost both parents as a child. Bolívar was educated abroad and lived in Spain, as was common for men of upper-class families in his day. While living in Madrid from 1800 to 1802, he was introduced to Enlightenment philosophy and married María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa, who died in Venezuela from yellow fever in 1803. From 1803 to 1805, Bolívar embarked on a Grand Tour that ended in Rome, where he swore to end the Spanish rule in the Americas. In 1807, Bolívar returned to Venezuela and proposed gaining Venezuelan independence to other wealthy creoles. When the Spanish authority in the Americas weakened due to Napoleon's Peninsular War, Bolívar became a zealous combatant and politician in the Spanish American wars of independence.","Simon Bolivar was born in Caracas, Venezuela on 24 July 1783. He is known for leading the wars of independence from the Spanish Empire from what are currently the countries of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Panama and Bolivia",closed_qa "Given a reference text about the golden-green woodpecker, tell be how big they are.","The golden-green woodpecker (Piculus chrysochloros) is a species of bird in subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is found in Panama and every mainland South American country except Chile and Uruguay. The golden-green woodpecker is 18 to 27 cm (7.1 to 11 in) long and weighs 55 to 91 g (1.9 to 3.2 oz). Males and females have the same plumage except on their heads. Males of the nominate subspecies P. c. chrysochloros are red from forehead to nape, have olive green from the lores around the eye and onto the side of the neck, and successively a pale yellow stripe, a short red malar band, and an olive green stripe below that area. Their chin and upper throat are yellow. The nominate female has no red on its head; its forehead to nape are olive and it has an olive-brown malar area. Nominate adults have olive green upperparts. Their flight feathers are darker olive-brown and their tail dark olive-brown. Their underparts are pale yellow-buff with olive-brown bars. Their longtish beak is dark gray to blackish with a paler base, their iris white to bluish white, and the legs grayish green. Juveniles are generally duller than adults and have less well defined barring on their underparts. Subspecies P. c. xanthochlorus is smaller and brighter yellow than the nominate, and the female has a yellow crown. P. c. capistratus is very large and a darker olive green above than the nominate, and has less red in the malar area, a barred throat, and greenish white instead of yellow buff on their underparts. P. c. paraensis is intermediate in size. Its cheek stripe, throat, and underparts' base color are cinnamon-buff. Males have a green, not red, malar, and females have a greenish yellow crown. P. c. laemostictus is large and rather dark, with a plain whitish throat. P. c. polyzonus is also large, with a pale yellow cheek stripe and throat and a yellow base color on the underparts",The golden-green woodpecker weighs between 55 and 91 grams and is between 18 and 27 centimeters long.,closed_qa What might make a good villain for a fantasy role playing game adventure.,,"There are lots of options for villains in the rich world of fantasy role playing. Here are some possibilities: 1) Dragons - Dragons are iconic villains and come in many varieties. They can be vicious and cruel, manipulative and clever, or haughty and imperious. They live in all different biomes and there are even variants for different cultures (like western dragons vs. eastern dragons) 2) Wizards - The evil wizard is the classic fantasy villain. Possessing great and broad reaching powers, driven by the need to obtain more magical power, and often surrounded by a horde of lesser minions, wizards fit all sorts of scenarios. 3) Undead, especially Liches and Vampires - The undead are always great villains. Liches and Vampires are especially good as they are very intelligent and powerful. Often, they are wizards so they combine more than one kind of villain. They also typically have the ability to create more of their kind or lesser undead to serve as minions. 4) Devils or Demons - Monstrous beings from the lower planes possessing great power and able to twist mortals to their will, devils and demons make classic fantasy villains. While they are typically very dangerous in battle, they also have the power to manipulate and corrupt mortals to do their bidding. These are just some of the options you could use for fantasy villains, there are many more as the domain of fantasy adventure is nearly unlimited.",brainstorming Who played Harry Bosch in the eponymous TV series?,"Detective Hieronymus ""Harry"" Bosch is a fictional character created by American author Michael Connelly. Bosch debuted as the lead character in the 1992 novel The Black Echo, the first in a best-selling police procedural series now numbering 24 novels. The novels are more or less coincident in timeframe with the year in which they were published. Harry, as he is commonly known by his associates, is a veteran police homicide detective with the Los Angeles Police Department. He was named after the 15th-century Dutch artist Hieronymus Bosch. Titus Welliver portrayed the title character from 2015 to 2021 in Bosch, a television series adapted from the novels, and from 2022 in its spin-off series Bosch: Legacy.","Titus Welliver played Detective Harry Bosch in ""Bosch"" and in ""Bosch:Legacy"".",closed_qa Where is Urumqi?,,It's in the in the far northwest of China.,open_qa "Which of the following are cities in the PNW in the US: Seattle, Portland, Hillsboro, Eugene, Tacoma, Vancouver, Surrey, Richmond.",,"Seattle, Portland, Hillsboro, Eugene, Tacoma, Vancouver are cities in PNW. Vancouver is also in Canada but there's a Vancouver in WA as well.",classification What are some things to remember when buying a new pair of headphones?,,"There are many criteria when one can keep in mind when purchasing headphones. 1. Purpose: the purpose of usage should be clear in mind, i.e., whether it's for hearing good quality music or for work like taking video calls. 2. Price Performance: Money is always an important consideration when it comes to any sort of purchase. 3. Active Noise cancellation (ANC): Although noise cancellation is coming with most headsets nowadays, the quality of ANC might vary from one piece to another. So it's always good to read some reviews around it. 4. Mobile application and features: It is almost a norm now that every major headset company has developed the corresponding mobile application with some add-on features. But some companies offer much for fine-grained controls than others. 5. Carry case: If you are a frequent traveller, then a compact and robust headset carry case might be good to have in certain situations.",brainstorming Without quoting directly from the text give me a summary the game of chess,"Chess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of chess pieces in their color, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king. It is sometimes called international chess or Western chess to distinguish it from related games, such as xiangqi (Chinese chess) and shogi (Japanese chess). The recorded history of chess goes back at least to the emergence of a similar game, chaturanga, in seventh-century India. The rules of chess as we know them today emerged in Europe at the end of the 15th century, with standardization and universal acceptance by the end of the 19th century. Today, chess is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide. Chess is an abstract strategy game that involves no hidden information and no use of dice or cards. It is played on a chessboard with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. At the start, each player controls sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and eight pawns. White moves first, followed by Black. Checkmating the opponent's king involves putting the king under immediate attack (in ""check"") whereby there is no way for it to escape. There are also several ways a game can end in a draw. Organized chess arose in the 19th century. Chess competition today is governed internationally by FIDE (the International Chess Federation). The first universally recognized World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in 1886; Magnus Carlsen is the current World Champion. A huge body of chess theory has developed since the game's inception. Aspects of art are found in chess composition, and chess in its turn influenced Western culture and art, and has connections with other fields such as mathematics, computer science, and psychology. One of the goals of early computer scientists was to create a chess-playing machine. In 1997, Deep Blue became the first computer to beat the reigning World Champion in a match when it defeated Garry Kasparov. Today's chess engines are significantly stronger than the best human players and have deeply influenced the development of chess theory.","Chess is a two player turn based abstract strategy board game with the goal of checkmating the opponents King. The game originated from a similar board game from India called Chatarunga, which was played during the 17th century. Chess boards have 64 squares arranged into an 8x8 grid with alternating white and black squares. Each player controls 16 pieces: 1 king, 1 queen, 2 bishops, 2 rooks, 2 knights, and eight pawns. Each piece has a predefined mode of movement. Each player's pieces are uniformly colored; for example if player one has the white pieces, player one will start the match. Checkmating the opponents king requires the opponent to position their pieces into an attacking arrangement that prohibits the defending players king from moving. This is usually accomplished by closing in on their defending opponents king and systematically working towards positions where the king can no longer move without being taken. If the king is under attack (meaning the king is in a position where the opponents next move will take the king) the defensive player must either take the attacking piece with any piece on the board or move the king to a position where the king is no longer under attach, this configuration is called ""Check"" or being ""Checked"". Chess matches can also end in a draw. Chess arose in popularity in the 19th century and is governed internationally by the FIDE (international chess federation). Magnus Carlsen is the current world champion (2023) and the game has a huge body of theory associated with playing the game. The game has influenced western culture in the fields of art, mathematics, computer science and psychology. Computer scientists have used chess as a method for developing algorithms that can play chess. In 1997, Deep Blue became the first computer to beat a human opponent, beating the current world champion Garry Kasparov at that time. Today's chess playing machines are significantly more powerful and have been influenced by the best chess players in the world.",summarization What is a crypto (cryptocurrency)?,,"A cryptocurrency, crypto-currency, or crypto is a digital currency designed to work as a medium of exchange through a computer network that is not reliant on any central authority, such as a government or bank, to uphold or maintain it. It is a decentralized system for verifying that the parties to a transaction have the money they claim to have, eliminating the need for traditional intermediaries, such as banks, when funds are being transferred between two entities.",open_qa What are some fun activities to do with my coworkers if we all work remotely?,,"Organizing virtual events would be a great way to spend time with your coworkers. You could participate in a virtual escape room, attend a virtual wine tasting, play online games together, host a weekly coffee-and-chat meeting, or create a virtual book club.",creative_writing Please list several after school activities my 8 year old daughter can participate in.,,"At eight years old, your daughter has many options for after school activities. She could consider an artistic activity like painting, dance, or music classes. She could also join a sports team. Many children her age enjoy soccer. Try to find an activity she can do with her friends, it will make it more fun for her.",brainstorming What is a good way to convince someone to do something,,"There are different ways to convince someone to take an action: 1) Provide objective, verifiable facts or data that support the requested action 2) Share a relatable story or anecdote that helps emotionally connect to the desired action 3) Use the personal rapport that you have built with the person to convince them 4) Explain how your counterpart will personally benefit from taking the action 5) Help the person understand that the action is easy, quick or low effort 6) Propose an exchange, where you do something in the interest of the person in exchange for their action 7) Pay the person for taking the action Depending on their personality, the action, and your relationship with the person different methods may work better.",brainstorming "In the given text, List down some important points about Pope Adrian V","Pope Adrian V (Latin: Adrianus V; c. 1210/1220 – 18 August 1276), born Ottobuono de' Fieschi, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 July 1276 to his death on 18 August 1276. He was an envoy of Pope Clement IV sent to England in May 1265 who successfully completed his task of resolving disputes between King Henry III of England and his barons. Adrian V was elected pope following the death of Innocent V, but died of natural illness before being ordained to the priesthood.","1. Pope Adrian V, sometimes known as Adrianus V, was the head of the Catholic Church and the ruler of the Papal States from July 11, 1276, until his death on August 18, 1276. Pope Adrian V was born Ottobuono de' Fieschi. 2. He was a papal ambassador sent to England in May 1265 by Pope Clement IV who was effective in reconciling conflicts between King Henry III of England and his lords. 3. Adrian V was chosen to succeed Innocent V as pope, but he passed away from a natural illness before receiving the sacrament of ordination.",summarization Write a recruiter message to someone in tech on LinkedIn,,"Dear person xy, I hope this message finds you well. I am with company z and we're currently looking for a position p role. Given your extensive experience with technologies t1 and t2, I believe that you might be a good fit for the role. Would you be open to discussing the role in more detail? I am looking forward to hearing from you, All the best, recruiter r",creative_writing Where can I find a bristly bellflower in the wild?,"Campanula cervicaria, also known as the bristly bellflower, is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family, Campanulaceae. Native to Scandinavia and central Europe, C. cervicaria has also become naturalised in parts of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Its natural habitat is woodland edges, hillside meadows, dry meadows and banks, and it also flourishes where soil has been disturbed, for example after slash-and-burn or forest clearance. The plant has a hairy stem, with light blue flowers about 1 to 2 centimetres (0.4 to 0.8 in) long and grouped together. This C. cervicaria flower was photographed in Keila, Estonia.",The bristly bellflower (Campanula cervicaria) is native to Scandinavia and Central Europe. You can find it in hillside meadows and woodland edges. It flourishes in places where soil has been upturned.,closed_qa What is Allsvenskan?,,Allsvenskan is the first soccer league in Sweden. It has 16 teams and was founded 1924.,open_qa Which NBA team has won the most championships?,"As of 2022, the Eastern Conference/Division led the Western Conference/Division 40–36 in championships won. As of 2022, the Boston Celtics and the Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers have won a combined total of 34 NBA championships (with 17 apiece). As of 2022, the defending champions are the Golden State Warriors.","As of 2022, the Boston Celtics and the Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers have won a combined total of 34 NBA championships (with 17 apiece).",information_extraction Who built Sigiriya fortress in Sri Lanka?,"It is likely that the area around Sigiriya may have been inhabited since prehistoric times. There is clear evidence that the many rock shelters and caves in the vicinity were occupied by Buddhist monks and ascetics from as early as the 3rd century BC. The earliest evidence of human habitation at Sigiriya is the Aligala rock shelter to the east of Sigiriya rock, indicating that the area was occupied nearly five thousand years ago during the Mesolithic Period. Buddhist monastic settlements were established during the 3rd century BC in the western and northern slopes of the boulder-strewn hills surrounding the Sigiriya rock. Several rock shelters or caves were created during this period. These shelters were made under large boulders, with carved drip ledges around the cave mouths. Rock inscriptions are carved near the drip ledges on many of the shelters, recording the donation of the shelters to the Buddhist monastic order as residences. These were made in the period between the 3rd century BCE and the 1st century AD. In 477 AD, Kashyapa I, the king’s son by a non-royal consort, seized the throne from King Dhatusena, following a coup assisted by Migara, the King’s nephew and army commander. The rightful heir, Moggallana, fearing for his life, fled to South India. Afraid of an attack by Moggallana, Kashyapa moved the capital and his residence from the traditional capital of Anuradhapura to the more secure Sigiriya. During King Kashyapa’s reign (477 to 495 AD), Sigiriya was developed into a complex city and fortress. Most of the elaborate constructions on the rock summit and around it, including defensive structures, palaces, and gardens, date from this period.",King Kashyapa developed Sigiriya city and fortress.,closed_qa Extract what units are strong against countering cavalry from the following text,"The Age of Kings also includes five types of military units: infantry, archers, cavalry, siege weapons, and naval units. Certain types of infantry, archers, and cavalry are ""counter units"" with special defenses against other types of units. The three human classes of military generally follow a rock-paper-scissors model. For example, infantry are generally powerful against buildings but weak against cavalry, thus the infantry counter units—spearmen and pikemen—have attack bonuses against cavalry.",Spearman and Pikemen are effective counters to Cavalry,information_extraction What are the names of Daenerys Targaryen's three dragons?,,"Drogon, Viserion, and Rhaegal",open_qa What human foods are toxic to dogs?,"Several human foods and household ingestible are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids, causing theobromine poisoning, onions and garlic, causing thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning, grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, and xylitol. The nicotine in tobacco can also be dangerous to dogs. Signs of ingestion can include copious vomiting (e.g., from eating cigar butts) or diarrhea. Some other symptoms are abdominal pain, loss of coordination, collapse, or death.[page needed]","It's always good to check with your vet before giving your dog human foods. Human foods that are most toxic to dogs are: chocolate, onions, garlic, grapes, raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, and nicotine.",information_extraction "Which of the following are rock bands (e.g., garage rock, alternative, indie, etc.): Pavement, Nirvana, The Beatles, The Who, Led Zeppelin, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Pearl Jam, The Doors, dirt, grass, co2, hamburgers",,"The following are rock bands: Pavement, Nirvana, The Beatles, The Who, Led Zeppelin, Lynrd Skynyrd, Pearl Jam, The Doors",classification What was the twist in this short story?,"Matilda is woken up by the wind; she looks out the window; her neighbour, Marie, is fetching flowers from the garden and then Matilda’s mother is called for the telephone by Bogey, Matilda’s brother. Matilda is off to Mr Bullen's for her music lesson. Her mom does not want her to go due to the strong wind, but she goes anyway. After the lesson, she goes for a walk with her brother to the esplanade. Here, the story changes from present to past narrative as Mansfield shows that the music lesson, the walk etc. all occurred in Matilda's past, and she and her brother are actually sailing away on board a ship several years down the line, that all that went before were memories.","In the middle of the short story, the story changes from present to past narrative as Mansfield shows that events such as the music lesson, the walk, etc. all occurred in Matilda's past, and she and her brother are actually sailing away on board a ship several years down the line. The reader finds out that all that went before were memories.",closed_qa What is the old name for The Go Between Bridge?,"The Go Between Bridge, formerly known as the Hale Street Link, is a toll bridge for vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists over the Brisbane River in inner-city Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The bridge connects Merivale and Cordelia Streets in West End to Hale Street and the Inner City Bypass at Milton. It is Brisbane's first inner-city traffic bridge in 40 years and carries around 12,000 vehicles per day. The bridge opened to traffic on 5 July 2010 and is now operated by Transurban Queensland.",Hale Street Link,closed_qa What is epistatis?,,"Epistasis is a phenomenon in genetics in which the effect of a gene mutation is dependent on the presence or absence of mutations in one or more other genes, respectively termed modifier genes. In other words, the effect of the mutation is dependent on the genetic background in which it appears. Epistatic mutations therefore have different effects on their own than when they occur together. Originally, the term epistasis specifically meant that the effect of a gene variant is masked by that of a different gene. The concept of epistasis originated in genetics in 1907 but is now used in biochemistry, computational biology and evolutionary biology. The phenomenon arises due to interactions, either between genes (such as mutations also being needed in regulators of gene expression) or within them (multiple mutations being needed before the gene loses function), leading to non-linear effects. Epistasis has a great influence on the shape of evolutionary landscapes, which leads to profound consequences for evolution and for the evolvability of phenotypic traits.",open_qa Who founded The Heart Institute (InCor) in São Paulo?,"The Heart Institute, University of São Paulo (Instituto do Coração da Universidade de São Paulo, or InCor) is one of the clinical institutes of the central University's teaching hospital (Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo) and recognized as one of the world's academic and clinical excellence centers in cardiology, cardiovascular medicine and cardiovascular surgery. The Heart Institute was founded in 1963 (60 years ago) by the noted cardiovascular surgeon and professor of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, Dr. Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini.",The Heart Institute (InCor) was founded by Dr. Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini.,information_extraction "Given this paragraph, what were the regional release dates for Viva Piñata: Party Animals?","Viva Piñata: Party Animals is a video game developed by Krome Studios for the Microsoft Xbox 360 video game console, part of the Viva Piñata series. The game was released on October 30, 2007, in North America, November 15 in Australia, November 16 in Europe, and December 6 in Japan.","Viva Piñata: Party Animals was released for the Xbox 360 gaming console on October 30, 2007 in North America, November 15, 2007 in Australia, November 16, 2007 in Europe, and December 6, 2007 in Japan.",closed_qa Without quoting directly from the text give me a summary of how turist visit the falls even if they are used for hydroelectric power production.,"The Cascata delle Marmore (Italian: [kaˈskaːta delle ˈmarmore]) or Marmore Falls is a man-made waterfall created by the ancient Romans. Its total height is 165 m (541 feet), making it the tallest man-made waterfall in the world. It is located 7.7 km from Terni, a provincial capital of the Italian region of Umbria. Its source is a portion of the waters of the river Velino. After flowing through Piediluco lake near the community of Marmore (italian), it pours into the valley below formed by the river Nera. The flow of the waterfall depends on an off and on scale with a published schedule to support the power company nearby. Most of the time, the water in the canals above the Cascata delle Marmore falls is diverted to a hydroelectric power plant, so the flow in the falls themselves is heavily reduced. Piediluco Lake, above the falls, is used as a reservoir for the power plant. The Galleto power plant, built in 1929, is architecturally interesting. Its capacity is about 530 MW. To control the operation of the power plant, and to satisfy tourists, the falls are turned on according to a set schedule, achieving a spectacular effect at full flow. An alarm is sounded first, then the gates are opened, and in a few minutes the small stream is transformed into a full-sized river rushing into the void below. Normally, the falls are turned on between 12:00 and 13:00 and again between 16:00 and 17:00 every day, with additional times on holidays. An entrance fee is charged to visit the falls and the surrounding area. A path along the falls allows the visitor to hike up to the top of the falls. Along the way, a tunnel leads to an observatory just next to the falls, where a visitor is likely to get soaked. Another observatory near the top affords a wide view of the falls and of the Nera valley below.","The Marmore Falls are used as a hydroelectric power plant, but to allow people to enjoy the spectacular water flow, the gates are periodically opened to present the full-sized river rushing into the void. The tourists can visit the falls on a fixed schedule (12:00 to 13:00, 16:00 to 17:00 plus additional times on holidays) following paths that allow them to reach the top of the falls.",summarization What are the defining characteristics of a Ramly Burger?,"Aside from producing burger meat and other frozen foods, the company is also known for its street stalls, which have sold the Ramly Burger in every state in Malaysia since 1979. The defining characteristic of a Ramly Burger is the patty itself wrapped in an omelette and topped with several condiments, which may include ketchup, mayonnaise, chili sauce, Worcestershire sauce, and/or Maggi seasoning, depending on the vendor. The term ""Ramly Burger"" has been used as a genericized trademark for similarly-prepared burgers which are not necessarily made with the Ramly beef patty as well. They are considered a local favourite, especially by city dwellers. It is estimated that there are over 25,000 Ramly Burger stalls nationwide as of 2015, with the monthly average income of about RM 5,000. The burger (patties) has been banned in Singapore due to the meat coming from sources which are not on the Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore approved list of Commercial Food Imports for Meats which could pose a potential health risk. Singaporean street vendors continue to use the Ramly Burger wrapper.","The defining characteristic of a Ramly burger is that the burger patty is wrapped inside of an omelette and topped with various condiments like maggi seasoning, ketchu, mayonnaise, chili sauce or Worcestershire sauce. It is a local Malaysian favorite but banned in Singapore",information_extraction What are some of the most popular undergraduate majors at UC Berkeley?,,"UC Berkeley has over 150 undergraduate major and minors for students to choose from. Some of the most popular include Molecular and Cell Biology, Computer Science, Economics, and Data Science.",open_qa Why do you need family meeting frequently,,"1. To make sure you are bonded 2. You know family first 3. Family is always keep you safe",brainstorming From the passage identify the type of medications used to treat infections. Display the results in comma separated format.,"An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease, is an illness resulting from an infection.Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens, most prominently bacteria and viruses. Hosts can fight infections using their immune system. Mammalian hosts react to infections with an innate response, often involving inflammation, followed by an adaptive response.Specific medications used to treat infections include antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoals, and antihelminthics. Infectious diseases resulted in 9.2 million deaths in 2013 (about 17% of all deaths). The branch of medicine that focuses on infections is referred to as infectious diseases.","antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoals, antihelminthics",information_extraction What is the 2018 TicketGuardian 500,"The 2018 TicketGuardian 500 was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on March 11, 2018, at ISM Raceway in Avondale, Arizona. Contested over 312 laps on the one-mile (1.6 km) oval, it was the fourth race of the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season. It would also be the last Phoenix race to be using the 2011 reconfiguration as the start/finish line will be moved to the back-straightaway just past turn two for the November race.","The 2018 TicketGuardian 500 was a 312 lap NASCAR Cup Series race in Avondale, Arizona on March 11, 2018.",summarization Write some important points regarding Family Justice Council using given text as a reference,"The Family Justice Council, established in 2004, is an advisory, non-statutory, non-departmental public body sponsored by the Judicial Office of England and Wales. It provides independent expert advice, from an inter-disciplinary perspective, on the operation and reform of the family justice system to the Family Justice Board (jointly chaired by ministers from the Ministry of Justice and Department for Education) and Government. It is chaired by the President of the Family Division, and in August 2012 became part of the President's office.","1. The Judicial Office of England and Wales sponsors the Family Justice Council, an advisory, non-statutory, non-departmental public organisation founded in 2004. 2. It offers independent professional advice to the Family law Board, which is jointly chaired by ministers from the Ministry of Justice and Department for Education, as well as the Government on how to run and reform the family law system. 3. It is presided over by the Family Division President and joined the President's office in August 2012.",summarization What is Visual Studio Code?,,Visual Studio Code is a free code editor redefined and optimized for building and debugging modern web and cloud applications.,open_qa "From the text provided, extract the name of the most profitable public banking company in Sri Lanka. Include the profit and revenue in US dollars.","This list is based on the Sri Lanka Parliament, which ranks the Sri Lanka's largest public companies. Rank Name Financial statistics in millions US$ Industry Revenue Profit Assets 1 Ceylon Petroleum Corporation 3,016 9.9 1,477 Oil and gas 2 Bank of Ceylon 1,316 413 13,290 Banking 3 Ceylon Electricity Board 1,268 -138.12 4,127 Electricity generation 4 SriLankan Airlines 1,017 -230.28 1,273 Airline 5 People's Bank (Sri Lanka) 1,013 70 10,320 Banking 6 National Savings Bank (Sri Lanka) 672.42 36.89 6,370 Banking 7 Sri Lanka Telecom 474.85 34.92 1,154 Telecommunications 8 Sri Lanka Ports Authority 248.25 5.77 1,988 Commercial ports 9 Sri Lanka Insurance 242.5 28.55 941.5 Insurance","The most profitable public bank in Sri Lanka is the Bank of Ceylon. The Bank of Ceylon has a recorded profit of $413 million dollars US with a revenue of $1,316 million dollars US. The Bank of Ceylon is the 2nd largest public company in Sri Lanka.",information_extraction What type of chair would I want to design to give an option to lean all the way back?,"A chair is a type of seat, typically designed for one person and consisting of one or more legs, a flat or slightly angled seat and a back-rest. They may be made of wood, metal, or synthetic materials, and may be padded or upholstered in various colors and fabrics. Chairs vary in design. An armchair has armrests fixed to the seat; a recliner is upholstered and features a mechanism that lowers the chair's back and raises into place a footrest; a rocking chair has legs fixed to two long curved slats; and a wheelchair has wheels fixed to an axis under the seat.","As the name suggests, a recliner features a mechanism that lowers the chair’s back and raises a footrest into place",summarization Why can we only see one side of the Moon?,,"On Earth we only see one side of the moon because the Moon and the Earth are tidally locked and the Moon is in a state of synchronous rotation. This means that the Moon's rotational period, the time it takes to make one full rotation, is the same as its orbital period, the time it takes to orbit the Earth. So as the moon orbits the Earth it is also rotating the exact amount to keep one side facing Earth at all times.",open_qa Write an email to the head of academic coaching at Services for Students with Disabilities sharing that I’ve applied to the coaching position. I have experience volunteering w children on the autism spectrum.,,"Hi, I hope you are having a wonderful day. My name is _, and I just applied for the Program Staff position at the Services for Students with Disabilities to empower students who have disabilities to reach their academic dreams. My background working in higher education and volunteering with kids on the Autism spectrum combine to bring an empathetic and impactful perspective. Please let me know if there is anything else I can do at this time to be considered for this position. With gratitude, _",creative_writing How many teams compete in Formula one world championship?,,Currently there are 10 teams competing in the Formula one world championships. The number of teams that compete in Formula one world championship have varied in the past.,open_qa What is the Shiba Inu,,"The Shiba Inu is a breed of hunting dog from Japan. A small-to-medium breed, it is the smallest of the six original and distinct spitz breeds of dog native to Japan. Its name literally translates to ""brushwood dog"", as it is used to flush game.",open_qa Can you suggests some ways to get more organized and complete my tasks without missing any deadlines?,,"Here are some ways you can get more organized, 1. Create a list of tasks to be completed 2. Prioritize these tasks 3. Pick the highest priority tasks which can be completed within less than 30 mins and complete them 4. Block off a time in your calendar to complete the high priority tasks that require more time 5. Delegate as many of the low priority tasks. 6. Review the list of tasks to be completed at the beginning of each day and keep tracking them until completed.",brainstorming where is India,"India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area and the second-most populous country.","India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area and the second-most populous country. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia.",summarization will AI replace my jobs,,"AI is growing rapidly nowadays. It reduces repetitive work and improves productivity in a lot of industries. For sure, some labor-intensive work will be eliminated by AI. Some trends we can see for example are: AI-assisted surveillance monitoring can reduce the working hours for security guards; AI-generated images and renderings can be used for commercials or portraits; etc. But it will generate new job families too like prompt engineers who tests and tunes AI systems by sending prompts. AI application developers would be another example.",brainstorming Give me 3 different things that a smartphone can do better than a landline phone,,"Ok, here are different things that a smartphone can do better than a landline phone. 1. It can run applications. 2. It can browse the internet. 3. It can play media such as music, videos and podcasts.",brainstorming How can I have a productive day?,,"Here are some ideas. Start with making a list of some things you would like to accomplish or do to make the day a meaningful success in your eyes. Prioritize those activities from most important to least important, or by time of day you would like to have them completed. Then open your planner or calendar and fill those activities into the appropriate time slot. Then check off those items as you complete them or participate in those activities to give yourself a sense of accomplishment. At the end of the day, you could journal to reflect on how the day went, what you could have done differently or approved, and plan the next day with those lessons in mind.",brainstorming Where is Laskowice?,"Laskowice [laskɔˈvit͡sɛ] (also known as Laskowice Pomorskie; German: Laskowitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeżewo, within Świecie County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Jeżewo, 8 km (5 mi) north of Świecie, 51 km (32 mi) north-east of Bydgoszcz, and 52 km (32 mi) north of Toruń. The village has a population of 2,500. It is a major rail junction, where the Bydgoszcz-Gdynia line merges with the connection to Warsaw, via Grudziądz.",Laskowice is a village in north-central Poland,closed_qa What are the three branches of the US Federal Government?,,"The US Constitution divides the federal government into three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. This ensures that no individual or group will have too much power.",open_qa Give me a summary of how the citric acid cycle works,"The citric acid cycle (CAC)—also known as the Krebs cycle, Szent-Györgyi-Krebs cycle or the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)—is a series of chemical reactions to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The Krebs cycle is used by organisms that respire (as opposed to organisms that ferment) to generate energy, either by anaerobic respiration or aerobic respiration. In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids, as well as the reducing agent NADH, that are used in numerous other reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest components of metabolism and may have originated abiogenically. Even though it is branded as a 'cycle', it is not necessary for metabolites to follow only one specific route; at least three alternative segments of the citric acid cycle have been recognized. The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from the citric acid (a tricarboxylic acid, often called citrate, as the ionized form predominates at biological pH) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. The cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, releasing carbon dioxide. The NADH generated by the citric acid cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP. In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, which lack mitochondria, the citric acid cycle reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. For each pyruvate molecule (from glycolysis), the overall yield of energy-containing compounds from the citric acid cycle is three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP.","The citric acid cycle is used by organisms to generate energy. This is achieved through a series of chemical reactions that occur in mitochondria to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.",summarization What are some of the causes for the decline of the northern rockhopper?,"A study published in 2009 showed that the world population of the northern rockhopper had declined by 90% since the 1950s, possibly because of climate change, changes in marine ecosystems and overfishing for squid and octopus by humans. Other possible factors in the decline include disturbance and pollution from ecotourism and fishing, egg-harvesting, and predation and competition from subantarctic fur seals (Arctophoca tropicalis). Surveys show that the birds are at risk of infection by goose barnacles. House mice (Mus musculus) have been introduced into their environment by human sea expeditions. The mice have proven to be invasive, and consume northern rockhopper eggs, as well as hunt their young. In order to preserve the birds, a culling of the mice is being considered. The climate change conditions alter food availability since it reduces nutrients and productivity. This causes an effect on the body mass, causing a negative impact on their reproductivity success.","Some of the causes of the decline of the northern rockhopper include climate change, overfishing and introduction of invasive species such as mice.",information_extraction Write a 3 bullet summary about McDonalds from this passage?,"McDonald's Corporation is an American multinational fast food chain, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States. They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand, and later turned the company into a franchise, with the Golden Arches logo being introduced in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona. In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers. McDonald's had its previous headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but moved its global headquarters to Chicago in June 2018. McDonald's is the world's largest fast food restaurant chain, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries in more than 40,000 outlets as of 2021. McDonald's is best known for its hamburgers, cheeseburgers and french fries, although their menu also includes other items like chicken, fish, fruit, and salads. Their best-selling licensed item are their french fries, followed by the Big Mac. The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants. McDonald's is the world's second-largest private employer with 1.7 million employees (behind Walmart with 2.3 million employees). As of 2022, McDonald's has the sixth-highest global brand valuation.","McDonald's is an American multinational fast food chain founded in 1940 in San Bernardino California, United States. It is currently the largest fast food restaurant chain in the world best known for its hamburgers, cheese burgers and french fries. McDonald's is the world's second largest private employer with 1.7 million employees and has the sixth largest global brand valuation.",summarization "Who were the ""Big Four"" of Thrash Metal?",,"Anthrax, Metallica, Megadeth, and Slayer",open_qa "Given this text, what is the third wealthiest state in the USA?","Hawaii became a unified, internationally recognized kingdom in 1810, remaining independent until American and European businessmen overthrew the monarchy in 1893; this led to annexation by the U.S. in 1898. As a strategically valuable U.S. territory, Hawaii was attacked by Japan on December 7, 1941, which brought it global and historical significance, and contributed to America's decisive entry into World War II. Hawaii is the most recent state to join the union, on August 21, 1959. In 1993, the U.S. government formally apologized for its role in the overthrow of Hawaii's government, which spurred the Hawaiian sovereignty movement. Historically dominated by a plantation economy, Hawaii remains a major agricultural exporter due to its fertile soil and uniquely tropical climate in the U.S. Its economy has gradually diversified since the mid-20th century, with tourism and military defense becoming the two largest sectors. The state attracts tourists, surfers, and scientists with its diverse natural scenery, warm tropical climate, abundance of public beaches, oceanic surroundings, active volcanoes, and clear skies on the Big Island. Hawaii hosts the U.S. Pacific Fleet, the world's largest naval command, as well as 75,000 employees of the Defense Department. Its relative isolation results in one of the highest costs of living in the United States, and Hawaii is the third-wealthiest state.","According to this text, Hawaii is the third wealthiest state in the United States of America.",closed_qa Brainstorm reasons for and against taking a daily low-dose aspirin.,,"According to Berkeley Wellness, there’s evidence that a daily aspirin “protects people already diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD).” However, there is insufficient evidence that a daily low-dose aspirin is as effective for primary prevention; it is not as necessarily effective for people who have “not been diagnosed with CVD.” Additionally, high BMI may also alter the way aspirin is metabolized, further complicating the data. Finally, there’s evidence that suddenly stopping aspirin can actually increase the risk of a heart attack or stroke. Thus, not everyone should be taking a daily low-dose aspirin - consult your doctor!",brainstorming Which animal is associated with Chengdu?,"""Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of the Chinese province of Sichuan. With a population of 20,937,757 inhabitants during the 2020 Chinese census, it is the fourth most populous city in China, and it is the only city apart from the four direct-administered municipalities with a population of over 20 million. It is traditionally the hub in Southwest China. Chengdu is located in central Sichuan. The surrounding Chengdu Plain is known as the """"Country of Heaven"""" (Chinese: 天府之国; pinyin: Tiānfǔ zhi Guó) and the """"Land of Abundance"""". Its prehistoric settlers included the Sanxingdui culture. The site of Dujiangyan, an ancient irrigation system, is designated as a World Heritage Site. The Jin River flows through the city. Chengdu's culture largely reflects that of its province, Sichuan; in 2011, it was recognized by UNESCO as a city of gastronomy. It is associated with the giant panda, a Chinese national symbol, which inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.""","Chengdu is associated with the giant panda, a Chinese national symbol, which inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.",closed_qa "Based on the given text, please tell me which region and country a Troll Cross originated in, and what its intent is.","In Sweden, as well as Norway, a trollkors or troll cross is a bent piece of iron worn as an amulet to ward off malevolent magic, allegedly stemming from medieval Sweden. According to those claiming its authenticity it represented the Norse symbol of protection; thus if a Norseman wore this symbol, they believed that chances of falling into danger would decrease. However, although commonly thought of as a part of Swedish folklore, it was first created—as an item of jewelry—by the smith Kari Erlands from western Dalarna, sometime in the late 1990s. It was claimed to have been a copy of a protective rune found at her grandparents' farm, but this has not been verified. While it does bear some resemblance to the othala rune in Elder Futhark and Anglo-Saxon runic writing systems, it is more likely that Erlands mistook a Bumerke for a protective symbol.",The Troll Cross originated in the western Dalarna region of Sweden. It is worn as an amulet or piece of jewelry to ward off malevolent magic.,summarization What was the first Harry Bosch book called?,"Detective Hieronymus ""Harry"" Bosch is a fictional character created by American author Michael Connelly. Bosch debuted as the lead character in the 1992 novel The Black Echo, the first in a best-selling police procedural series now numbering 24 novels. The novels are more or less coincident in timeframe with the year in which they were published. Harry, as he is commonly known by his associates, is a veteran police homicide detective with the Los Angeles Police Department. He was named after the 15th-century Dutch artist Hieronymus Bosch. Titus Welliver portrayed the title character from 2015 to 2021 in Bosch, a television series adapted from the novels, and from 2022 in its spin-off series Bosch: Legacy.","The first novel in the Harry Bosch series by Michael Connelly was The Black Echo, published in 1992.",closed_qa What is an idea?,,"In common usage and in philosophy, ideas are the results of thought. Also in philosophy, ideas can also be mental representational images of some object. Many philosophers have considered ideas to be a fundamental ontological category of being.",open_qa Tell me about the play Die Schutzbefohlenen,"Die Schutzbefohlenen (translated as ""Charges (The Supplicants)""[note 1]), is a play by Elfriede Jelinek written in 2013. She termed it a Sprachkunstwerk, a language artwork. It deals critically with the politics at the time concerning refugees. The play was first read in Hamburg on 21 September 2013. The first scenic production was in Mannheim on 23 May 2014. The first production in Austria was staged at the Burgtheater in Vienna on 28 March 2015, which was recognised internationally. Later that year, Jelinek expanded the text to reflect the changed political situation.","Die Schutzbefohlenen, translated as the supplicants is a play by Elfriede Jelinek written in 2013. She termed it a Sprachkunstwerk, a language artwork. It deals critically with the politics at the time concerning refugees. The play was first read in Hamburg on 21 September 2013. The first scenic production was in Mannheim on 23 May 2014. The first production in Austria was staged at the Burgtheater in Vienna on 28 March 2015, which was recognised internationally. Later that year, Jelinek expanded the text to reflect the changed political situation.",closed_qa Why is free climbing called free climbing?,"Most of the climbing done in modern times is considered free climbing—climbing using one's own physical strength, with equipment used solely as protection and not as support—as opposed to aid climbing, the gear-dependent form of climbing that was dominant in the sport's earlier days. Free climbing is typically divided into several styles that differ from one another depending on the choice of equipment used and the configurations of their belay, rope and anchor systems.","Free climbing is named so because it is performed solely using one's own physical strength, ""free"" from any support from equipment other than as protection. That is, gear is never used to help a climber actually climb, only to catch them in case they fall.",closed_qa why am I required to do onboarding training?,,Company onboarding training is important because it lets you get familiar with company rules and company culture. Onboarding training teaches rules to prevent harassment at work. It teaches you what the company cultural values are. It teaches you how to interact with your co-workers and what kind of behavior is acceptable and not acceptable. It also teaches you the value of diversity and inclusion and why its so important.,open_qa Why do people enjoy surfing,,"Surfing is enjoyable because it connects you with the ocean and can often be seen as therapeutic. Additionally surfing can often be a great form of exercise which helps maintain a healthy lifestyle. Lastly, surfing is done in the ocean and typically near a beach. People enjoy the atmosphere and joy the beach brings.",open_qa Where is Pompeii located?,"Pompeii (/pɒmˈpeɪ(i)/, Latin: [pɔmˈpei̯.iː]) was an ancient city located in what is now the comune of Pompei near Naples in the Campania region of Italy. Pompeii, along with Herculaneum and many villas in the surrounding area (e.g. at Boscoreale, Stabiae), was buried under 4 to 6 m (13 to 20 ft) of volcanic ash and pumice in the Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD.",The ancient city of Pompeii is located near Naples in the Campania region of Italy.,closed_qa "Based on this paragraph about dogs, what is a companion dog?","A companion dog is a dog that does not work, providing only companionship as a pet, rather than usefulness by doing specific tasks. Many of the toy dog breeds are used only for the pleasure of their company, not as workers. Any dog can be a companion dog, and many working types such as retrievers are enjoyed primarily for their friendly nature as a family pet, as are mixed breed dogs. The American Kennel Club also offers a Companion dog title for judged dog obedience competitions.","A companion dog is a dog that provides only companionship as a pet, rather than usefulness by doing specific tasks.",closed_qa What is Beggar's Chicken?,,"In Chinese, Beggar’s Chicken is called “叫化鸡” (Jiào huā jī). Made with a whole chicken, the bird is marinated, seasoned, and then stuffed, after which it is wrapped in lotus leaves, then coated in clay, and finally baked. The best part of this recipe is that when it has finished cooking, you take a hammer and crack the clay to reveal a perfectly cooked chicken inside.",open_qa Who wrote Ready Player One?,"Ready Player One is a 2011 science fiction novel, and the debut novel of American author Ernest Cline. The story, set in a dystopia in 2045, follows protagonist Wade Watts on his search for an Easter egg in a worldwide virtual reality game, the discovery of which would lead him to inherit the game creator's fortune. Cline sold the rights to publish the novel in June 2010, in a bidding war to the Crown Publishing Group (a division of Random House). The book was published on August 16, 2011. An audiobook was released the same day; it was narrated by Wil Wheaton, who was mentioned briefly in one of the chapters.Ch. 20 In 2012, the book received an Alex Award from the Young Adult Library Services Association division of the American Library Association and won the 2011 Prometheus Award.",Ready Player One is a 2011 science fiction novel written by American author Ernest Cline.,closed_qa "From the passage provided, extract the name of the first female recipient of Turing award","The ACM A. M. Turing Award is an annual prize given by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) for contributions of lasting and major technical importance to computer science. It is generally recognized as the highest distinction in computer science and is colloquially known as or often referred to as the ""Nobel Prize of Computing"". The award is named after Alan Turing, who was a British mathematician and reader in mathematics at the University of Manchester. Turing is often credited as being the key founder of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. From 2007 to 2013, the award was accompanied by an additional prize of US$250,000, with financial support provided by Intel and Google. Since 2014, the award has been accompanied by a prize of US$1 million, with financial support provided by Google. The first recipient, in 1966, was Alan Perlis, of Carnegie Mellon University. The first female recipient was Frances E. Allen of IBM in 2006. The latest recipient, in 2022, is Robert Metcalfe for inventing Ethernet.",The first female recipient was Frances E. Allen of IBM in 2006,information_extraction Summarize Jacque Fresco's early life based on this passage.,"Jacque Fresco was born on March 13, 1916, and grew up in a Sephardi Jewish household, at the family's home in Bensonhurst, in the Brooklyn borough of New York City. Fresco's father was an agriculturist born in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey), while his mother Lena was an emigrant from Jerusalem. He later turned his attention to technocracy. A teenager during the Great Depression, he spent time with friends discussing Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein, science, and the future. Fresco attended the Young Communist League before being ""physically ejected"" for loudly stating that ""Karl Marx was wrong!"" after a discussion with the league president during a meeting. He left home at the age of 14, hitchhiking and ""jumping"" trains as one of the so-called ""Wild Boys of the Road"".","Jacque Fresco was born into a Jewish home in Brooklyn in 1916. His teenage years coincided with the Great Depression where he spent his time discussing historically notable thinkers with his friends, such as Albert Einstein and Charles Darwin. He was involved in youth communist groups but eventually left over ideological disputes. He eventually became one of the ""Wild Boys of the Road"" when 14 and left behind his home.",summarization Are platypuses mammals or oviparous?,,Platypuses are both mammals (as they raise their off-springs with maternal milk) and oviparous (as they lay eggs).,classification Where is Stargate Command located in the Stargate universe.,"Stargate Command (abbreviated to SGC) is a top-secret military organization founded and led by the United States Air Force in conjunction with the International Oversight Advisory, tasked with operating the Stargate device and all matters pertaining to things offworld, such as threats to Earth or missions to procure new technology from extraterrestrial civilizations. It is based inside the Cheyenne Mountain Complex in Colorado, code named ""Area 52"". (SG1: ""Politics"")","The Stargate Command facility is located on planet Earth, in Colorado, United States, in the Cheyenne Mountain complex",closed_qa Think of different types of pies that can be served at dinner.,,"Many different types of pies can be served with dinner. Some pies that go well with dinner include apple pie, pecan pie, pumpkin pie, key lime pie and coconut pie. There are many types of pies depending on what you are looking for.",brainstorming Which parts do people train on the upper body?,,"Shoulder, chest, back and arms",open_qa What is a rocking chair?,,A rocking chair has two long curved legs rather than four straight legs so that it rocks forward and backward.,open_qa Who is Brad Pitt?,,"Brad Pitt was born in America. He is known for acting in movies and also producing them. He has received many awards including two academy awards, golden globes, and an emmy award. He has stared in movies like Babylon, Bullet Train, No Way Out, and Hunk.",open_qa Where did Bo Jackson attend college?,,Auburn,open_qa "What is an ""El Niño"" weather pattern?","El Niño (/ɛl ˈniːnjoʊ/ el NEEN-yoh, Spanish: [el ˈniɲo]; lit. 'The Boy') is the warm phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and is associated with a band of warm ocean water that develops in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific (approximately between the International Date Line and 120°W), including the area off the Pacific coast of South America. The ENSO is the cycle of warm and cold sea surface temperature (SST) of the tropical central and eastern Pacific Ocean. El Niño is accompanied by high air pressure in the western Pacific and low air pressure in the eastern Pacific. El Niño phases are known to last close to four years; however, records demonstrate that the cycles have lasted between two and seven years. During the development of El Niño, rainfall develops between September–November. It should be noted that the cool phase of ENSO is Spanish: La Niña, lit. 'The Girl', with SSTs in the eastern Pacific below average, and air pressure high in the eastern Pacific and low in the western Pacific. The ENSO cycle, including both El Niño and La Niña, causes global changes in temperature and rainfall.","El Niño (/ɛl ˈniːnjoʊ/ el NEEN-yoh, Spanish: [el ˈniɲo]; lit. 'The Boy') is the warm phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and is associated with a band of warm ocean water that develops in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific (approximately between the International Date Line and 120°W), including the area off the Pacific coast of South America.",closed_qa Was Wilbur Snyder a good wrestler,"Wilbur Snyder (September 15, 1929 – December 25, 1991) was an American football player and professional wrestler. Wrestling career Snyder's wrestling debut occurred during football's 1953 off-season. He was trained by Sandor Szabo and Warren Bockwinkel in Southern California. In 1954, Snyder retired from football completely to pursue a full-time career in wrestling. Part of his in-ring persona included the use of many football tactics, and it garnered Snyder a lot of national attention. He had already been a regional champion in Montreal, Quebec, Canada when he made a name for himself by defeating Verne Gagne and winning the United States Championship at Marigold Arena in Chicago on April 7, 1956.","Wilbur Snyder (September 15, 1929 – December 25, 1991) was an American football player and professional wrestler. Snyder's wrestling debut occurred during football's 1953 off-season. He was trained by Sandor Szabo and Warren Bockwinkel in Southern California. In 1954, Snyder retired from football completely to pursue a full-time career in wrestling. Part of his in-ring persona included the use of many football tactics, and it garnered Snyder a lot of national attention. He had already been a regional champion in Montreal, Quebec, Canada when he made a name for himself by defeating Verne Gagne and winning the United States Championship at Marigold Arena in Chicago on April 7, 1956.",closed_qa Which industry is the top industry in Gabon's economy?,"The economy of Gabon is characterized by strong links with France, large foreign investments, dependence on skilled foreign labor, and decline of agriculture. Gabon enjoys a per capita income four times that of most nations of sub-Saharan Africa, its reliance on resource extraction industry releasing much of the population from extreme poverty. The country is rich in natural resources such as timber, manganese and oil. The country is the fifth largest oil producing nation in Africa, which has helped drive its strong growth in the later 20th century. The oil sector now accounts for 50% of GDP and 80% of exports. Although there have been recent offshore finds, oil production is now declining from its peak of 370,000 barrels per day (59,000 m3/d) in 1997, and periods of low oil prices have had a negative impact on government revenues and the economy. In 2012 there were six active oil rigs in Gabon. The government has plans to diversify its economy away from its dwindling oil reserves. The government announced in 2012 that it would reassess exactly how much iron ore the Belinga site contains before awarding the concession to a mining company, most likely to be China's CMEC, which temporarily secured the rights to the ore in 2007. Around 80% of Gabonese live in cities. The capital city, Libreville is home to 59% of the total population. The remainder of the country is still sparsely populated, as those areas remain densely forested.","Oil industry is the largest industry in Gabon, accounting for 50% of its GDP and 80% of exports. But, its contribution is declining.",information_extraction What is the most known picture from Dorothea Lange,"Resettlement Administration Lange's iconic 1936 photograph of Florence Owens Thompson, Migrant Mother ""Broke, baby sick, and car trouble!"" (1937) Lange and Dixon divorced on October 28, 1935 and on December 6 she married economist Paul Schuster Taylor, professor of economics at the University of California, Berkeley. For the next five years they traveled through the California coast and the midwest. Throughout their travels they documented rural poverty, in particular the exploitation of sharecroppers and migrant laborers. Taylor interviewed subjects and gathered economic data while Lange produced photographs and accompanying data. They lived and worked from Berkeley for the rest of her life. Working for the Resettlement Administration and Farm Security Administration, Lange's images brought to public attention the plight of the poor and forgotten—particularly sharecroppers, displaced farm families, and migrant workers. Lange's work was distributed to newspapers across the country, and the poignant images became icons of the era. One of Lange's most recognized works is Migrant Mother, published in 1936. The woman in the photograph is Florence Owens Thompson. In 1960, Lange spoke about her experience taking the photograph: ""I saw and approached the hungry and desperate mother, as if drawn by a magnet. I do not remember how I explained my presence or my camera to her, but I do remember she asked me no questions. I made five exposures, working closer and closer from the same direction. I did not ask her name or her history. She told me her age, that she was thirty-two. She said that they had been living on frozen vegetables from the surrounding fields, and birds that the children killed. She had just sold the tires from her car to buy food. There she sat in that lean-to tent with her children huddled around her, and seemed to know that my pictures might help her, and so she helped me. There was a sort of equality about it."" Lange reported the conditions at the camp to the editor of a San Francisco newspaper, showing him her photographs. The editor informed federal authorities and published an article that included some of the images. In response, the government rushed aid to the camp to prevent starvation. According to Thompson's son, while Lange got some details of the story wrong, the impact of the photograph came from an image that projected both the strengths and needs of migrant workers. Twenty-two of Lange's photographs produced for the FSA were included in John Steinbeck's The Harvest Gypsies when it was first published in 1936 in The San Francisco News. According to an essay by photographer Martha Rosler, Migrant Mother became the most reproduced photograph in the world.","The most famous picture taken by Dorothea Lange is the ""migrant mother"" where a women is shown with her child during the great depression. The image symbolises the suffering of the american population at the time following years of bad crop that led to the economic crisis of 1929 and mid 30's depression.",information_extraction What is photosynthesis?,,Photosynthesis is a process in plants that converts energy from light into chemical energy.,open_qa What are the classifications of Academic Degrees?,,"An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, usually at a college or university. These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, usually including undergraduate degrees, master's, and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates and professional degrees. The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries there are lower-level higher education qualifications that are also titled degrees (e.g. associate degrees and foundation degrees).",classification "Tell me which of these countries has more than 1 billion populations: Japan, Canada, United States, Russia",,None of these,classification What is the genomics of disease?,,"With the advent of next-generation sequencing we are obtaining enough sequence data to map the genes of complex diseases including infertility, breast cancer or Alzheimer's disease. Genome-wide association studies are a useful approach to pinpoint the mutations responsible for such complex diseases. Through these studies, thousands of DNA variants have been identified that are associated with similar diseases and traits. Furthermore, the possibility for genes to be used at prognosis, diagnosis or treatment is one of the most essential applications. Many studies are discussing both the promising ways to choose the genes to be used and the problems and pitfalls of using genes to predict disease presence or prognosis. Genome-wide association studies have successfully identified thousands of common genetic variants for complex diseases and traits; however, these common variants only explain a small fraction of heritability. Rare variants may account for some of the missing heritability. Large-scale whole genome sequencing studies have rapidly sequenced millions of whole genomes, and such studies have identified hundreds of millions of rare variants. Functional annotations predict the effect or function of a genetic variant and help to prioritize rare functional variants, and incorporating these annotations can effectively boost the power of genetic association of rare variants analysis of whole genome sequencing studies. Some tools have been developed to provide all-in-one rare variant association analysis for whole-genome sequencing data, including integration of genotype data and their functional annotations, association analysis, result summary and visualization. Meta-analysis of whole genome sequencing studies provides an attractive solution to the problem of collecting large sample sizes for discovering rare variants associated with complex phenotypes.",open_qa what was the American Revolutionary War,"The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the military conflict of the American Revolution in which American Patriot forces under George Washington's command defeated the British, establishing and securing the independence of the United States.","The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the military conflict of the American Revolution in which American Patriot forces under George Washington's command defeated the British, establishing and securing the independence of the United States. Fighting began on April 19, 1775 at the Battles of Lexington and Concord. The war was formalized and intensified following passage of the Lee Resolution, which asserted that the Thirteen Colonies were ""free and independent states"", and the Declaration of Independence, drafted by the Committee of Five and written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, by the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia, on July 2, 1776 and July 4, 1776, respectively.",summarization "Who amongst these are women: Virat Kohli, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, Serena Williams, PV Sindhu, Virender Sehwag, Maria Sharapova, Steffi Graf, Venus Williams.",,"Serena Williams, PV Sindhu, Maria Sharapova, Steffi Graf, Venus Williams are women.",classification What is the best soccer club in the premier league?,,"The answer to this question is subjective. Many believe that Manchester United, a soccer club founded in 1878, is the best soccer club from the premier league. The club has won 20 first division titles and is a 3 time champion league winner. However there are also many other opinions. For example, a lots of fans consider that Liverpool, which holds the record for the most champion league title wins from premier league, is the best club in the league. Manchester City has also been performing great in the past decade and has been considered the best club in the league for the past 10 years.",open_qa Think of some family rules to promote a healthy family relationship,,"Use Kind words Be grateful Think of others before yourself Work hard Be Honest Be thankful Keep your promises Choose to be happy Always say 'I Love You' Be kind Encourage each other",brainstorming Can you give me a short summary of the follow paragraph about the history of electronic music?,"During the 1960s, digital computer music was pioneered, innovation in live electronics took place, and Japanese electronic musical instruments began to influence the music industry. In the early 1970s, Moog synthesizers and drum machines helped popularize synthesized electronic music. The 1970s also saw electronic music begin to have a significant influence on popular music, with the adoption of polyphonic synthesizers, electronic drums, drum machines, and turntables, through the emergence of genres such as disco, krautrock, new wave, synth-pop, hip hop, and EDM. In the early 1980s mass-produced digital synthesizers, such as the Yamaha DX7, became popular, and MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) was developed. In the same decade, with a greater reliance on synthesizers and the adoption of programmable drum machines, electronic popular music came to the fore. During the 1990s, with the proliferation of increasingly affordable music technology, electronic music production became an established part of popular culture. In Berlin starting in 1989, the Love Parade became the largest street party with over 1 million visitors, inspiring other such popular celebrations of electronic music.","With the advent of new electronic instruments in the 60s and 70s, namely synthesizers and drum machines, electronic music quickly gained mainstream popularity through genres like disco and hip hop. As the technology progressed through the 80s and 90s, more affordable instruments led electronic music to be even more widely embraced, cementing its status in pop culture and leading to the rise of large electronic music events around the globe.",summarization What is Leptodactylus tapiti?,"Leptodactylus tapiti is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are moist savanna, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and rivers.",Leptodactylus tapiti is a species of frog and is native to Brazil.,closed_qa Provide a brief summary of how the ISO 27001 standard works,"Most organizations have a number of information security controls. However, without an information security management system (ISMS), controls tend to be somewhat disorganized and disjointed, having been implemented often as point solutions to specific situations or simply as a matter of convention. Security controls in operation typically address certain aspects of information technology (IT) or data security specifically; leaving non-IT information assets (such as paperwork and proprietary knowledge) less protected on the whole. Moreover, business continuity planning and physical security may be managed quite independently of IT or information security while Human Resources practices may make little reference to the need to define and assign information security roles and responsibilities throughout the organization. ISO/IEC 27001 requires that management: Systematically examine the organization's information security risks, taking account of the threats, vulnerabilities, and impacts; Design and implement a coherent and comprehensive suite of information security controls and/or other forms of risk treatment (such as risk avoidance or risk transfer) to address those risks that are deemed unacceptable; and Adopt an overarching management process to ensure that the information security controls continue to meet the organization's information security needs on an ongoing basis. What controls will be tested as part of certification to ISO/IEC 27001 is dependent on the certification auditor. This can include any controls that the organisation has deemed to be within the scope of the ISMS and this testing can be to any depth or extent as assessed by the auditor as needed to test that the control has been implemented and is operating effectively. Management determines the scope of the ISMS for certification purposes and may limit it to, say, a single business unit or location. The ISO/IEC 27001 certificate does not necessarily mean the remainder of the organization, outside the scoped area, has an adequate approach to information security management. Other standards in the ISO/IEC 27000 family of standards provide additional guidance on certain aspects of designing, implementing and operating an ISMS, for example on information security risk management (ISO/IEC 27005).","The ISO 27001 standard works by requiring management of the information security management system to examine security risks, implement a comprehensive suite of security controls to manage the identified risks, and operate ongoing processes to measure control effectiveness and risk levels.",summarization "From the given passage, write down some interesting points on butterflies","Butterflies (Rhopalocera) are insects that have large, often brightly coloured wings, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the superfamilies Hedyloidea (moth-butterflies in the Americas) and Papilionoidea. Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, it flies off. Some butterflies, especially in the tropics, have several generations in a year, while others have a single generation, and a few in cold locations may take several years to pass through their entire life cycle.","1. Butterflies (Rhopalocera) are insects that have large, frequently vividly coloured wings and prominent, fluttering flight patterns. 2. The superfamilies Hedyloidea (moth-butterflies in the Americas) and Papilionoidea make up the group. 3. Around 56 million years ago, during the Paleocene, butterflies first appeared. 4. Butterflies go through a full metamorphosis, like other insects, and have a four-stage life cycle. 5. Winged adults lay their eggs on the food plant that their caterpillar-like larvae will consume. 6. The caterpillars mature, sometimes very quickly, then pupate in chrysalises once completely grown. 7. After transformation is complete, the adult insect crawls out of the pupal skin and dries its wings before taking flight. 8. Some butterflies, especially those that live in tropical climates, have multiple generations every year, while others only have one. Some butterflies that live in frigid climates may take several years to complete their whole life cycle.",summarization Which 3 mens tennis players have the most grand slam singles championships?,,"Novak Djokovic, Rafael Nadal, and Roger Federer have the most grand slam singles championships.",open_qa Which is a species of fish? Tetra or Quart,,Tetra,classification In total how long was Winston Churchill the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.,"Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955. Apart from two years between 1922 and 1924, he was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1900 to 1964 and represented a total of five constituencies. Ideologically an economic liberal and imperialist, he was for most of his career a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955. He was a member of the Liberal Party from 1904 to 1924.",A total of 9 years in 2 spells between 1940 to 1945 and 1951 to 1955.,closed_qa What is Genetics?,,"Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically. Mendel studied ""trait inheritance"", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring over time. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete ""units of inheritance"". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene. Trait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century, but modern genetics has expanded to study the function and behavior of genes. Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the cell, the organism (e.g. dominance), and within the context of a population. Genetics has given rise to a number of subfields, including molecular genetics, epigenetics and population genetics. Organisms studied within the broad field span the domains of life (archaea, bacteria, and eukarya). Genetic processes work in combination with an organism's environment and experiences to influence development and behavior, often referred to as nature versus nurture. The intracellular or extracellular environment of a living cell or organism may increase or decrease gene transcription. A classic example is two seeds of genetically identical corn, one placed in a temperate climate and one in an arid climate (lacking sufficient waterfall or rain). While the average height of the two corn stalks may be genetically determined to be equal, the one in the arid climate only grows to half the height of the one in the temperate climate due to lack of water and nutrients in its environment.",classification What is a derivative in finance?,,"In finance, a derivative is a contract that derives its value from the performance of an underlying entity. This underlying entity can be an asset, index, or interest rate, and is often simply called the ""underlying"". Derivatives can be used for a number of purposes, including insuring against price movements (hedging), increasing exposure to price movements for speculation, or getting access to otherwise hard-to-trade assets or markets. Some of the more common derivatives include forwards, futures, options, swaps, and variations of these such as synthetic collateralized debt obligations and credit default swaps. Most derivatives are traded over-the-counter (off-exchange) or on an exchange such as the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, while most insurance contracts have developed into a separate industry. In the United States, after the financial crisis of 2007–2009, there has been increased pressure to move derivatives to trade on exchanges. Derivatives are one of the three main categories of financial instruments, the other two being equity (i.e., stocks or shares) and debt (i.e., bonds and mortgages).",open_qa What is alkaline ionized water is it good for me?,,"Alkaline ionized water can be created in a number of ways. Alkaline water ionizers make water alkaline through a process called electrolysis. Electrolysis separates water into two streams of water - alkaline and acidic water using electricity flowing through an electrode plate in the machine. Some of the properties of alkaline ionized water is that it had molecular hydrogen, and it is also alkaline. Molecular hydrogen is a good anti-inflammatory for the body, and it should be consumed daily if possible. Alkaline water ionizers also make the water alkaline without the use of chemicals in the water like baking soda.",open_qa What temperature does water boil at in Celsius and Fahrenheit,,Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius and 212 degrees Fahrenheit,open_qa "Which of these items are helpful for starting a fire? Matches, kindling, banana, newspaper, water, plastic bath toy, a zippo, wet grass, thin dry stick, and liquid charcoal lighter.",,"Of the items listed, those that are helpful for starting a fire include matches, newspaper (if it's dry), a zippo, thin dry sticks, and liquid charcoal lighter.",classification Who recieves a dowry?,"A dowry is a payment, such as property or money, paid by the bride's family to the groom or his family at the time of marriage. Dowry contrasts with the related concepts of bride price and dower. While bride price or bride service is a payment by the groom, or his family, to the bride, or her family, dowry is the wealth transferred from the bride, or her family, to the groom, or his family. Similarly, dower is the property settled on the bride herself, by the groom at the time of marriage, and which remains under her ownership and control.",A dowry is a payment from a bride's family to the groom or his family at the time of marriage.,summarization How can I improve my table tennis skills?,,"To improve your table tennis skills, first you need to play more to build muscle memory. You can also watch videos online to learn specific techniques. And you can also consider taking some personal training courses. All of the above will help you improve your table tennis skills.",open_qa Can you please share some context on Figure skating using the passage given as a reference,"Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, pairs, or groups perform on figure skates on ice. It was the first winter sport to be included in the Olympic Games, when contested at the 1908 Olympics in London. The Olympic disciplines are men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance; the four individual disciplines are also combined into a team event, first included in the Winter Olympics in 2014. The non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating, Theater on Ice, and four skating. From intermediate through senior-level competition, skaters generally perform two programs (the short program and the free skate), which, depending on the discipline, may include spins, jumps, moves in the field, lifts, throw jumps, death spirals, and other elements or moves.","1. Individuals, couples, or groups compete in the sport of figure skating on ice. When it was played at the 1908 Olympics in London, it became the first winter sport to be featured in the Olympic Games. 2. Men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dancing are the Olympic disciplines. In addition, the four individual disciplines are merged into a team event, which debuted in the Winter Olympics in 2014. 3. Skaters compete in two programmes—the short programme and the free skate—from intermediate to senior levels. Depending on the discipline, these programmes may contain spins, leaps, field moves, lifts, throw jumps, death spirals, and other features or moves. 4. The non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating, Theater on Ice, and four skating.",summarization How useful is toothpaste,"Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice used with a toothbrush to clean and maintain the aesthetics and health of teeth. Toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene: it is an abrasive that aids in removing dental plaque and food from the teeth, assists in suppressing halitosis, and delivers active ingredients (most commonly fluoride) to help prevent tooth decay (dental caries) and gum disease (gingivitis). Owing to differences in composition and fluoride content, not all toothpastes are equally effective in maintaining oral health. The decline of tooth decay during the 20th century has been attributed to the introduction and regular use of fluoride-containing toothpastes worldwide. Large amounts of swallowed toothpaste can be toxic. Common colors for toothpaste include white (sometimes with colored stripes or green tint) and blue. Usefulness Toothpastes are generally useful to maintain dental health. Toothpastes containing fluoride are effective at preventing tooth decay. Toothpastes may also help to control and remove plaque build-up, promoting healthy gums. A 2016 systematic review indicated that using toothpaste when brushing the teeth does not necessarily impact the level of plaque removal. However, the active ingredients in toothpastes are able to prevent dental diseases with regular use.","Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice used with a toothbrush to clean and maintain the aesthetics and health of teeth. Toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene: it is an abrasive that aids in removing dental plaque and food from the teeth, assists in suppressing halitosis, and delivers active ingredients (most commonly fluoride) to help prevent tooth decay (dental caries) and gum disease (gingivitis). Owing to differences in composition and fluoride content, not all toothpastes are equally effective in maintaining oral health. The decline of tooth decay during the 20th century has been attributed to the introduction and regular use of fluoride-containing toothpastes worldwide. Large amounts of swallowed toothpaste can be toxic. Common colors for toothpaste include white (sometimes with colored stripes or green tint) and blue. Toothpastes are generally useful to maintain dental health. Toothpastes containing fluoride are effective at preventing tooth decay. Toothpastes may also help to control and remove plaque build-up, promoting healthy gums. A 2016 systematic review indicated that using toothpaste when brushing the teeth does not necessarily impact the level of plaque removal. However, the active ingredients in toothpastes are able to prevent dental diseases with regular use.",summarization When was the first iPhone released to the public?,,"June 29, 2007",open_qa What are the official forms of written Norwegian?,"As established by law and government policy, the two official forms of written Norwegian are Bokmål (literally 'book tongue') and Nynorsk ('new Norwegian'). The official Norwegian Language Council (Språkrådet) is responsible for regulating the two forms, and recommends the terms Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk in English.[citation needed] Two other written forms without official status also exist. One, called Riksmål ('national language'), is today to a large extent the same language as Bokmål though somewhat closer to the Danish language. It is regulated by the unofficial Norwegian Academy, which translates the name as 'Standard Norwegian'. The other is Høgnorsk ('High Norwegian'), a more purist form of Nynorsk, which maintains the language in an original form as given by Ivar Aasen and rejects most of the reforms from the 20th century; this form has limited use.",The two official forms of written Norwegian are Bokmål and Nynorsk.,closed_qa "What do Logan, Ororo, Charles, Jean, and Scott have in common?",,They are all X-Men.,classification What should I do if my laptop has been hacked?,,"If your laptop has been hacked, you can be in a big trouble. Attackers may have stolen all your confidential data and passwords. It is better to ask for helps from security experts. It is also important to reset all your passwords. Do not turn on your laptop and if it is a personal laptop make sure to re-install your operating system. Check your recent bank account activities to ensure that you have not lost any money.",brainstorming Provide some key points about popular game Super Buster Bros from the given passage,"Super Buster Bros., released as Super Pang (スーパーパン) outside of North America, is a cooperative two-player shooting puzzle arcade video game developed by Mitchell and released in the United States in 1990 by Capcom. It is the second game in the Pang series and was ported to the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992. It is also featured in the compilations Buster Bros. Collection for the original PlayStation and Capcom Puzzle World for PlayStation Portable. It was the tenth game released for the CP System hardware.","1. Mitchell created the cooperative two-player shooting puzzle arcade video game Super Buster Bros., which was published by Capcom in the United States in 1990 under the name Super Pang outside of North America. 2. It was transferred to the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992 and is the second game in the Pang series. 3. It's included in compilations like Buster Bros. 4. Both Capcom Puzzle World for the PlayStation Portable and the Collection for the original PlayStation. 5. The CP System hardware had just received its tenth game release.",summarization What is Web3?,,"Web3 (also known as Web 3.0) is an idea for a new iteration of the World Wide Web which incorporates concepts such as decentralization, blockchain technologies, and token-based economics. Some technologists and journalists have contrasted it with Web 2.0, wherein they say data and content are centralized in a small group of companies sometimes referred to as ""Big Tech"". The term ""Web3"" was coined in 2014 by Ethereum co-founder Gavin Wood, and the idea gained interest in 2021 from cryptocurrency enthusiasts, large technology companies, and venture capital firms.",open_qa What is Cup Game?,The cup game is a children's clapping game that involves tapping and hitting a cup using a defined rhythm.,"The cup game is a children's clapping game that involves tapping and hitting a cup using a defined rhythm. The game can be played by many players seated around a table and is often played in large groups. Each player possesses a cup and in unison the players tap out the defined rhythm using their cups. It can be played competitively, where the rhythm speeds up in each ""round"", and a player making a mistake in the rhythm must drop out of the game, with a new ""round"" starting after each elimination, and game play continuing until only one player remains, with that player being the winner.",summarization What is ice hockey?,,"Ice hockey is a team sport which is popular primarily in North America and Europe. Gameplay consists of two teams attempting to propel a puck into the opposing team's net using hockey sticks. What makes ice hockey unique is that it's played on a sheet of ice and players must wear ice skates to maneuver around the playing surface. Ice hockey teams will generally have 6 players on the ice at any given time; 3 forwards whose objective it is to score goals, 2 defenseman whose main objective is to defend their own net from opposing players, and one goaltender who is tasked from preventing pucks from entering their team's net. The most popular professional ice hockey league is the National Hockey League (NHL) which is based in the US and Canada. However, there are professional hockey leagues throughout the world including the Kontinental Hockey League in Russia, Swedish Hockey League in Sweden, and the Liiga based in Finalnd.",open_qa Which Dutch artist painted “Girl with a Pearl Earring”?,,Vermeer,open_qa Given this paragraph about battles under Alexander the Great what battle occurred prior to the battle of Issus,"The Battle of Issus (also Issos) occurred in southern Anatolia, on 5 November 333 BC between the Hellenic League led by Alexander the Great and the Achaemenid Empire, led by Darius III. It was the second great battle of Alexander's conquest of Asia, and the first encounter between Darius III and Alexander the Great. The battle resulted in the Macedonian troops defeating the Persian forces. After the Hellenic League soundly defeated the Persian satraps of Asia Minor (led by Greek mercenary Memnon of Rhodes) at the Battle of the Granicus, Darius took personal command of his army. He gathered reinforcements and proceeded to lead his men in a surprise march behind the Hellenic advance, in order to cut off their line of supply. Alexander was forced to countermarch, and the stage was set for the battle near the mouth of the Pinarus River and the town of Issus.",the Battle of the Granicus,closed_qa Can you list down some points about Jo-Anne Polak from the given text?,"Jo-Anne Polak (born 1959) was the general manager of the Ottawa Rough Riders from 1989 to 1991. Upon her appointment, Polak became the first woman executive in the Canadian Football League and the first woman general manager to lead a North American sports team. After leaving the Rough Riders, Polak primarily worked at Hill & Knowlton Canada as their vice president between the 1990s to 2000s. After becoming a general manager for Canada Post in 2008, she was named Vice President of Communications in 2011.","1. From 1989 to 1991, Jo-Anne Polak served as the general manager of the Ottawa Rough Riders. 2. Her birth year was 1959. 3. In the Canadian Football League, Polak was the league's first female executive. 4. Polak was the first female general manager of a professional sports organisation in North America. 5. From the 1990s until the 2000s, after her time with Rough Riders, Polak worked as vice president of Hill & Knowlton Canada. 6. After joining Canada Post as a manager in 2008, she was named vice president of communications in 2011.",summarization What is gravity?,"In physics, gravity (from Latin gravitas 'weight') is a fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between all things with mass or energy. Gravity is, by far, the weakest of the four fundamental interactions, approximately 10^38 times weaker than the strong interaction, 10^36 times weaker than the electromagnetic force and 10^29 times weaker than the weak interaction. As a result, it has no significant influence at the level of subatomic particles. However, gravity is the most significant interaction between objects at the macroscopic scale, and it determines the motion of planets, stars, galaxies, and even light.","Gravity can be described as the fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between all objects with mass or energy. While it is considered the weakest of the four fundamental forces (electromagnetic, strong interaction, and weak interaction), it is most significant force at the macroscopic scale and can influence the motion of planets, stars, galaxies, and light.",summarization How to lose weight?,,"The general answer is eat less and exercise more. This really is a psychology question, not a knowledge question. To lose weight, one needs to create a build a mental model that they can follow. For example, one pound of fat has 3500 calories, one needs to reduce the diet by that much to lose a pound of weight. Another important factor is to get strong support from family and friends. The encourage from close people makes the process easier and more natural. Controlling weight is one of the psychological challenge that many people face at some point. Create a plan to minimize the psychological challenge and follow the plan mentally.",brainstorming What in business terms is the IMF,,International Monetary Fund,open_qa Write down some important aspects regarding civil war from the given text,"A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies. The term is a calque of Latin bellum civile which was used to refer to the various civil wars of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC.","1. An intrastate or civil war is a conflict between organised parties fighting within a single state. (or country). 2. One side may want to overthrow the government, seize control of an area, secure the independence of a region, or alter public policy. 3. The phrase is a calque of the Latin phrase bellum civile, which was used to describe the numerous civil wars that raged throughout the Roman Republic in the first century BC.",summarization What is the capital of Switzerland,"Bern (Swiss Standard German: [bɛrn] (listen)) or Berne[note 1] is the de facto capital of Switzerland, referred to as the ""federal city"".[note 2] With a population of about 133,000 (as of 2022), Bern is the fifth-most populous city in Switzerland, behind Zurich, Geneva, Basel and Lausanne. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of 406,900 in 2014. The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000. Bern is also the capital of the canton of Bern, the second-most populous of Switzerland's cantons. The official language is German,[note 3] but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect, Bernese German. In 1983, the historic old town (in German: Altstadt) in the centre of Bern became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is notably surrounded by the Aare, a major river of the Swiss Plateau.","Bern is the de facto capital of Switzerland, referred to as the federal city. With a population of about 133,000 (as of 2022), Bern is the fifth-most populous city in Switzerland, behind Zurich, Geneva, Basel and Lausanne. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of 406,900 in 2014. The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000.",summarization Who wrote Beloved?,,Beloved is a book written by Toni Morrison,open_qa Why should we not allow dye in our food products?,,"So much research shows we should not allow food dye in our products. The research goes so far as even being linked to cancer. What more do we need to remove these harmful substances from our food? This can also cause issues like ADHD in children. We know these are not good for us and they are completely unnecessary. Additionally, we also have real food sources that produce these exact colors such as beets and turmeric.",creative_writing "Based on this paragraph, please list the symptoms of dementia separating them with bullets.","Dementia is a disorder which manifests as a set of related symptoms, which usually surfaces when the brain is damaged by injury or disease. The symptoms involve progressive impairments in memory, thinking, and behavior, which negatively affects a person's ability to function and carry out everyday activities. Aside from memory impairment and a disruption in thought patterns, the most common symptoms include emotional problems, difficulties with language, and decreased motivation. The symptoms may be described as occurring in a continuum over several stages. Consciousness is not affected. Dementia ultimately has a significant effect on the individual, caregivers, and on social relationships in general. A diagnosis of dementia requires the observation of a change from a person's usual mental functioning and a greater cognitive decline than what is caused by normal aging.","-Progressive impairments in memory, thinking and behavior -Emotional problems -Difficulties with language -Decreased motivation",information_extraction Who coined the term isotherm and when?,"An isotherm is a line that connects points on a map that have the same temperature. Therefore, all points through which an isotherm passes have the same or equal temperatures at the time indicated. An isotherm at 0 °C is called the freezing level. The term was coined by the Prussian geographer and naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, who as part of his research into the geographical distribution of plants published the first map of isotherms in Paris, in 1817.","The term was coined by the Prussian geographer and naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, who as part of his research into the geographical distribution of plants published the first map of isotherms in Paris, in 1817.",summarization Describe how skateboarding teaches you about life and to be resilient.,,"Skateboarding has been through quite an evolution since its first inception, when it came from the waves to the street. As a sport, skateboarding has always had a special attitude towards rules and pushed boundaries. Think of where one is supposed to skate (in the park) and where the best spots can actually be found across town (particularly where it's forbidden). In contrast to the waves in front of the coast, the asphalt one usually lands on when falling is pretty hard and rough - a circumstance felt by bones and skin. Skateboard riders usually fall quite a bit and despite all, the important thing is to get up and try again, and again, and again. It is just like in life where one grows with their challenges and needs to get up again until the goals are achieved. As humbling and painful as falling onto plain asphalt can be, it can also stimulate resilience and a relieving patience when the goal is in sight. Just try again.",creative_writing Extract how many meetings rooms and seats are available in the main hall from the passage provided,"It has a plenary hall that has 5,000 seats. JCC also has an assembly hall with an area of 3,921 square metres. JCC has 13 various sized meeting rooms. JCC is connected to The Sultan Hotel & Residence Jakarta (formerly Jakarta Hilton International) by a tunnel. The tunnel has moving walkways and is air-conditioned. ","The JCC or Jakarta Convention Center has 13 various sized meetings rooms. It currently has a capacity of 5,000 seats in the main plenary hall",information_extraction What are some uses for a garden bucket with a hole in it?,,"A bucket with a hole in it may be compromised from holding liquid within it. However, the bucket can still be useful for many other scenarios. For example, the bucket can be used to hold solids (eg rocks, dirt, toys) that are generally larger than the size of the hole. The bucket could also be repurposed as a watering can, or as a small seat to sit on while working in the garden.",brainstorming How do you thicken bolognese sauce?,,"You can use flour or cornstarch to thicken your bolognese or tomato-based spaghetti sauce using starch (flour or cornstarch). Additionally, you can reduce your sauce's liquid content — this is also a practical option for thickening any sauce.",open_qa Where did the first limited-overs cricket match take place?,"In the 1960s, English county teams began playing a version of cricket with games of only one innings each and a maximum number of overs per innings. Starting in 1963 as a knockout competition only, limited-overs cricket grew in popularity and, in 1969, a national league was created which consequently caused a reduction in the number of matches in the County Championship. The status of limited overs matches is governed by the official List A categorisation. Although many ""traditional"" cricket fans objected to the shorter form of the game, limited-overs cricket did have the advantage of delivering a result to spectators within a single day; it did improve cricket's appeal to younger or busier people; and it did prove commercially successful. The first limited-overs international match took place at Melbourne Cricket Ground in 1971 as a time-filler after a Test match had been abandoned because of heavy rain on the opening days. It was tried simply as an experiment and to give the players some exercise, but turned out to be immensely popular. limited-overs internationals (LOIs or ODIs—one-day internationals) have since grown to become a massively popular form of the game, especially for busy people who want to be able to see a whole match. The International Cricket Council reacted to this development by organising the first Cricket World Cup in England in 1975, with all the Test-playing nations taking part.",Melbourne Cricket Ground,closed_qa How did Pokemon start?,"The Pokémon franchise began as Pocket Monsters: Red and Green (later released outside of Japan as Pokémon Red and Blue), a pair of video games for the original Game Boy handheld system that were developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo in February 1996. Pokémon soon became a media mix franchise adapted into various different media, with the Pokémon Trading Card Game released in October 1996, the Pokémon Adventures manga first released in Japan in March 1997, and the Pocket Monsters: Original Series released in April 1997. Pocket Pikachu was released in Japan in March 1998, with the first ever Pokémon film, Pokémon: The First Movie, first released in Japan in July 1998. In 1998, Nintendo spent $25 million promoting Pokémon in the United States in partnership with Hasbro, KFC, and others. Nintendo initially feared that Pokémon was too Japanese for Western tastes but Alfred Kahn, then CEO of 4Kids Entertainment, convinced the company otherwise. The one who spotted Pokémon's potential in the United States was Kahn's colleague Thomas Kenney. In November 2005, 4Kids Entertainment, which had managed the non-game related licensing of Pokémon, announced that it had agreed not to renew the Pokémon representation agreement. The Pokémon Company International oversees all Pokémon licensing outside Asia. In 2006, the franchise celebrated its tenth anniversary with the release of Pokémon Diamond and Pearl. In 2016, the Pokémon Company celebrated Pokémon's 20th anniversary by airing an ad during Super Bowl 50 in January and re-releasing the first Pokémon video games 1996 Game Boy games Pokémon Red, Green (only in Japan), and Blue, and the 1998 Game Boy Color game Pokémon Yellow for the Nintendo 3DS on February 26, 2016. The mobile augmented reality game Pokémon Go was released in July 2016. Pokémon Sun and Moon also released in the same year. The first live-action film in the franchise, Pokémon Detective Pikachu, based on the 2018 Nintendo 3DS spin-off game Detective Pikachu, was released in 2019. The eighth generation of core series games began with Pokémon Sword and Shield, released worldwide on the Nintendo Switch on November 15, 2019.","Pokemon started out as Pocket Monsters in February of 1996 and was released as a pair of games for the Nintendo Game Boy. It quickly evolved into a mix of media such as the Pokemon Trading Card Game, the Pokemon manga, and the Pokemon anime show in 1997. After Pokemon continued gaining popularity in Japan in 1998, Nintendo spent $25 million to bring Pokemon to the United States, which was also a huge success, and the rest is history.",summarization What is Noether's theorem and how does it relate symmetries to conserved quantities?,,"Emmy Noether proposed a theorem that states that for every symmetry in physics, there is a conserved quantity. For example, for the symmetry that the laws of physics are unchanged by a translation in space, a rotation in space, or an offset in time, the corresponding conserved quantities are linear momentum, angular momentum, and the conservation of energy.",open_qa Which swimming stroke is the hardest?,,"Butterfly is considered to be the hardest of all swimming strokes. It engages full body including arms, core muscles, legs and feet. In particular, it strongly depends on core strength and legs. In order to recover the arms over the water the swimmer needs to execute a strong dolphin kick, which lifts the chest and rest of the body. Swimming butterfly requires a lot of energy. Amateur swimmers who can swim long distances with freestyle, breastroke or backstroke typically can cover only a short distance with butterfly e.g. 25 or 50 meters.",open_qa What is a pyroclastic flow?,,"A pyroclastic flow comes is created from a volcano that blasts out part of volcanic mountain into the sky. It is a mixture of very hot volcanic rock, gases, ash and other trace elements that travels at hundred of miles per hour down the side of the volcanic mountain. If you are in the way of a pyroclastic flow there is no escape and your life is in immense danger because of their temperature and mobility. It is best to stay away from active volcanoes that could have a chance of developing a pyroclastic flow. Pyroclastic flows have also been known to travel as far as 30 kilometers from the volcano.",open_qa "Which of the following are writing implements: pen, fine line markers, tiles, morning glories, alcohol markers, mechanical pencils, jugs, sand, ocean salt water, towel",,"pen, fine line markers, alcohol markers, mechanical pencils",classification "Which of the following grow on trees?: apples, lemons, potatoes, carrots",,Apples and lemons grow on trees,classification What does the Constitution do?,,Protects basic rights of Americans,open_qa What is electricity?,,"Electricity is the flowing of electrons from a higher electric potential to a lower one (or alternatively, flowing of electron holes in the opposite direction). The flowing electrons can perform work, ranging from heating a resistive element in a light bulb to turning a motor through a magnetic field.",open_qa "Given a reference text about phrynobatrachus tokba, what are common names for it?","Phrynobatrachus tokba is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is found in West Africa from Ghana westward to Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Guinea-Bissau. Common names Tokba river frog, Tokba puddle frog, and—when referring to the formerly recognized Phrynobatrachus alticola, forest river frog—have been proposed for it.","Common names for Phrynobatrachus tokba are Tokba river frog, Tokba puddle frog, and forest river frog.",closed_qa Give me some things to think about when planning a party,,"Hosting a party can be fun, but there is work involved. Here is a list of questions to consider to being planning your party: 1. What is your budget? Planning a party can cost money and you should first determine how much you're willing to spend on it. 2. Where is your party? You should first decide on the location of your party. It could be at your home, in a pubic park, or in a rented space. 3. Who is coming? Choose a number of guests that will fit the space comfortably. Once you have a number, make your guest list. It's good to ensure that your guests will mesh well with each other, but most importantly, choose a list of people that you'd like to host. 4. When is your party? It's good to choose a time that most of your guest will be able to make it. If your party is outdoor, you should consider the weather when choosing a date. 5. What are you serving? Consider if you want alcohol at your party and how much food you will need. If your party is during a meal time, you should provide that meal for your guest. 6. Is there entertainment? You can provide entertainment like games or music at the party to keep your guests engaged. It can be as simple as playing music from your phone or as big as hiring a band. 7. Are there decorations? You can choose to theme your party and decorate the venue! 8. What logistics are needed? Don't forget things like parking and clean up when it comes to planning a party. Once you have answers to these questions, you are ready to start planning your party!",brainstorming Give me a short bulleted list of the key points about the parallel universes in this passage.,"The multiverse is a hypothetical group of multiple universes. Together, these universes are presumed to comprise everything that exists: the entirety of space, time, matter, energy, information, and the physical laws and constants that describe them. The different universes within the multiverse are called ""parallel universes"", ""other universes"", ""alternate universes"", or ""many worlds"". One common assumption is that the multiverse is a ""patchwork quilt of separate universes all bound by the same laws of physics."" The concept of multiple universes, or a multiverse, has been discussed throughout history, with origins in ancient Greek philosophy. It has evolved over time and has been debated in various fields, including cosmology, physics, and philosophy. Some physicists argue that the multiverse is a philosophical notion rather than a scientific hypothesis, as it cannot be empirically falsified. In recent years, there have been proponents and skeptics of multiverse theories within the physics community. Although some scientists have analyzed data in search of evidence for other universes, no statistically significant evidence has been found. Critics argue that the multiverse concept lacks testability and falsifiability, which are essential for scientific inquiry, and that it raises unresolved metaphysical issues.","Here are a short bulleted list of the key points about the ""parallel universes"" (the ""multiverse"", ""other universes"", ""alternate universes"", or ""many worlds""): - It is a hypothetical group of multiple universes which together are presumed to comprise the entirety of space, time, matter, energy, information, and the physical laws and constants that describe them. - It has been the subject of debates in cosmology, physics, and philosophy. - Some argue that the ""parallel universes"" concept lacks testability and falsifiability, and so it is a more of a philosophical notion rather than a scientific hypothesis.",summarization Write a paragraph of a blog post about owning a Cavoodle.,,"The Cavoodle is a cross between a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and a Poodle. These are now one of the most sort after breeds based on their temperament, overall genetic makeup and an all-round nature as a breed. The Cavoodle is a pack animal that loves nothing more than being a member of the family. Highly intelligent the Cavoodle has the smarts of a poodle and the relaxed nature of the Cavalier. Put together this is a breed that will suit most families, older owners looking for companionship and people living on their own. A loving nature, mixed with a playful attitude, may owners immediately fall in love with this breed. Social, friendly, intelligent and an easy dog breed to look after the Cavoodle continues to grow in popularity.",creative_writing What are some different things you should bring with you on a day hiking trip?,,"You should bring water, a snack, sunscreen, hiking boots, a first aid kit and a cellphone",brainstorming Who were the original Fantastic Four in the comics?,,"In the original 1961 Fantastic Four Marvel comic book, the Fantastic Four lineup consisted of Reed Richards (Mr. Fantastic), Sue Storm (the Invisible Girl, later the Invisible Woman), Johnny Storm (the Human Torch), and Ben Grimm (the Thing).",open_qa what type of economy is China?,,mixed economy: the socialist market economy (SME) is the economic system and model of economic development employed in the People's Republic of China,open_qa How do you brew beer?,,The steps to make beer is as following: 1. Mashing 2. Separation 3. Boiling 4. Fermentation. The ingredients are brought together through these 4 steps. You can create many beer styles with this process.,open_qa "Given these paragraphs about Large language models, what are some examples of emergent abilities?","A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks. Properties Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design. Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to ""memorize"" a great quantity of facts during training. Hallucinations Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence) In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a ""hallucination"" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data. Emergent abilities On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities. Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called ""emergent abilities"". Researchers note that such abilities ""cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models"". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs. Architecture and training Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or ""filling in the blanks"", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus. The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens. LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million. A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters). Application to downstream tasks Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via ""prompting"" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions. Fine-tuning Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning) Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be ""frozen"", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen). Prompting See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing) In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In ""few-shot prompting"", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows: Review: This movie stinks. Sentiment: negative Review: This movie is fantastic! Sentiment: If the model outputs ""positive"", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be ""The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is"". Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering. Instruction tuning Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt ""Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet."" might provide a completion such as ""A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17."" In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, ""self-instruct"", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model","Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs.",closed_qa How to write a college essay?,,"A college essay is likely the most important part of your college application. While it's important to be factual about the writing, the essay is meant to demonstrate you as a unique person, that's set apart from the other applicants. Examples are unique experiences that changed the path of your life; special activities you have involved with that made a difference to others' lives, and interests that you have devoted much of your spare time on. The goal is help the admission officer to know you from aspects other than your grades and SAT scores, and evaluate whether you are good fit for the culture of the college you are applying for.",open_qa What does Chevron do?,,"Chevron is an oil and gas company that has operations in the entire well lifecycle. Chevron drills land and deep water wells. They have refineries for processing oil into gasoline and other products. Chevron has an entire trucking fleet company for delivering their produced gasoline to Chevron and Texaco gas station direct to consumer. They have surface facility networks for moving produced oil all over the United States. They also have Chevron shipping to move oil overseas to other countries. Chevron has all the talent - drilling engineers, petroleum engineers, geologists, petrophysicists, reservoir engineers, and seismologists, and other support personnel necessary to deliver the full well lifecycle",open_qa What was revolutionary about the Barbie doll when it was first sold?,,"The Barbie doll was one of the first dolls for children that was an adult, rather than the traditional baby doll",open_qa "Given the text, write a summary of the effects of the Super Mushroom power-up in the Super Mario videogame series","Mushroom power-ups appear in almost every Super Mario game. The most iconic of these is the Super Mushroom. The Super Mushroom increases the character's size, turning them into a ""Super"" variant, and allows them to break certain blocks. When hit by an enemy, the character reverts to their smaller size instead of losing a life. When the character is in their ""Super"" form, most blocks that would contain a Super Mushroom instead offer a more powerful power-up such as the Fire Flower. The Super Mushroom is similar in appearance to the Amanita muscaria, with an ivory stalk below a most commonly red and white (originally red and orange) spotted cap. Created by chance, Shigeru Miyamoto stated in an interview that beta tests of Super Mario Bros. proved Mario too tall, so the development team implemented mushrooms to grow and shrink Mario. Different variants of mushroom power-ups appear in the series. For example, Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels introduces the Poison Mushroom, which causes damage when collected; and New Super Mario Bros. introduces the Mini Mushroom, which shrinks the character to miniature size; and the Mega Mushroom, grows the character into a towering, invulnerable giant who destroys enemies and the environment by running through them. Super Mario Bros. 3 introduces suits to the Super Mario series, many of which are based on animals or Mario enemies. The Raccoon Suit (provisioned by a Super Leaf) and the Tanooki Suit each provide the character with a tail that enables flight. In addition, the Tanooki Suit lets the character spontaneously change into an invincible statue for about five seconds. Super Mario Bros. 3 includes a Hammer Bros. suit, which allows Mario and Luigi to throw hammers as projectiles to defeat enemies at a distance. Other suits in later games in the series include the Frog Suit, Penguin Suit, Cat Suit, Boomerang Suit, and Bee Suit.","The Super Mushroom is one of the main power-ups in the Super Mario games and appear in almost every game of the series. The Super Mushroom makes Mario bigger, more stronger and therefore able to break certain blocks. When Mario takes damage, for example when hit by an enemy. he loses the power-up, and turns back to its original small size. There are other variants of the mushroom power-up throughout the Super Mario series.",summarization What are 5 fitness tips that will help me lose weight,,"1. Have a healthy diet comprised of diverse, whole foods. Cut out processed foods 2. Include strength training in your workout plan. Aim for 3 to 4 days per week 3. Get your body moving everyday. Walking helps a lot more than you would think 4. Set realistic goals for yourself. Accountability will keep you focused and motivated 5. Patience is key for weight loss. It won't happen over night so stick to eating healthy and working out. It will take longer to see results compared to crash dieting but the results will be longer lasting",brainstorming What is DNA sequencing?,,"DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. The advent of rapid DNA sequencing methods has greatly accelerated biological and medical research and discovery. Knowledge of DNA sequences has become indispensable for basic biological research, DNA Genographic Projects and in numerous applied fields such as medical diagnosis, biotechnology, forensic biology, virology and biological systematics. Comparing healthy and mutated DNA sequences can diagnose different diseases including various cancers, characterize antibody repertoire, and can be used to guide patient treatment. Having a quick way to sequence DNA allows for faster and more individualized medical care to be administered, and for more organisms to be identified and cataloged. The rapid speed of sequencing attained with modern DNA sequencing technology has been instrumental in the sequencing of complete DNA sequences, or genomes, of numerous types and species of life, including the human genome and other complete DNA sequences of many animal, plant, and microbial species. The first DNA sequences were obtained in the early 1970s by academic researchers using laborious methods based on two-dimensional chromatography. Following the development of fluorescence-based sequencing methods with a DNA sequencer, DNA sequencing has become easier and orders of magnitude faster.[",open_qa What breed is most likely to win a dog show,"Through the 134th Westminster Show (February 2010), Best in Show has been won by the Terrier group 45 out of the 103 times that the prize has been awarded since 1907, more than twice as many wins as any other group. The single breed that has won the most is the Wire Fox Terrier, which has won 15 times. Two of the most popular dog breeds in the United States—the Labrador Retriever and Golden Retriever—have never won Best in Show. The dogs are marked for Best in Breed and then proceed to compete in Best in Group, and finally in the grand prize competition of Best in Show","The Wire Fox Terrier is to date, the winningest breed at the Westminster Show with 15 total wins. Terriers in general have won over 40% of the Best in Show competitions across the long history of the show.",closed_qa Why a manager is needed for a team?,,"1. A manager's work is to manage the team and delivery the work on time 2. Team member needs to be organized their work and a manager is needed to do so 3. A manager determine the timeline to finish any job So, A manager is needed",brainstorming What does fasting mean?,"Fasting is the abstention from eating and sometimes drinking. From a purely physiological context, ""fasting"" may refer to the metabolic status of a person who has not eaten overnight (see ""Breakfast""), or to the metabolic state achieved after complete digestion and absorption of a meal. Metabolic changes in the fasting state begin after absorption of a meal (typically 3–5 hours after eating).",Fasting is the abstention from eating and sometimes drinking.,closed_qa Who is Romulo Betancourt?,"Rómulo Ernesto Betancourt Bello (22 February 1908 – 28 September 1981; Spanish pronunciation: [ˈromulo betaŋˈkuɾ]), known as ""The Father of Venezuelan Democracy"", was the president of Venezuela, serving from 1945 to 1948 and again from 1959 to 1964, as well as leader of Acción Democrática, Venezuela's dominant political party in the 20th century.","Rómulo Ernesto Betancourt Bello (22 February 1908 – 28 September 1981; Spanish pronunciation: [ˈromulo betaŋˈkuɾ]), known as ""The Father of Venezuelan Democracy"", was the president of Venezuela, serving from 1945 to 1948 and again from 1959 to 1964, as well as leader of Acción Democrática, Venezuela's dominant political party in the 20th century. Betancourt, one of Venezuela's most important political figures, led a tumultuous career in Latin American politics. Periods of exile brought Betancourt in contact with various Latin American countries as well as the United States, securing his legacy as one of the most prominent international leaders to emerge from 20th-century Latin America. Scholars credit Betancourt as the Founding Father of modern democratic Venezuela.",information_extraction Describe a recurring dream you've had.,,"All my life I've had a recurring dream where I'm being chased. Sometimes it's by zombies, sometimes by the police, sometimes by communists (my grandpa would make me watch Red Dawn over and over as a child). Usually it will start outdoors, and I'll be hiding behind trees, racing across rickety bridges, and leaping ditches. Eventually it always ends up in a large old house with many staircases and closets. Often the hallways will narrow to tiny doors that no human can fit through. In my dream I must navigate the house, hiding from my pursuers. I've always been curious why I have this dream over and over.",creative_writing What are the core ingredients of a bechamel sauce?,,"A bechamel (or béchamel) is a creamy white sauce used in dishes like lasagna, mac and cheese, soufflés, gratins, moussaka and casseroles... The core ingredients consist of butter, flour and milk.",open_qa What are pajamas?,,"Pajamas are comfortable, loose-fitting clothing that people wear to bed at night. They are also referred to as “PJs.”",open_qa What is Nasdaq?,,"The Nasdaq Stock Market (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations Stock Market) is an American stock exchange based in New York City. It is the most active stock trading venue in the US by volume, and ranked second on the list of stock exchanges by market capitalization of shares traded, behind the New York Stock Exchange. The exchange platform is owned by Nasdaq, Inc., which also owns the Nasdaq Nordic stock market network and several U.S.-based stock and options exchanges. According to a Gallup poll conducted in 2022, approximately 58% of American adults reported having money invested in the stock market, either through individual stocks, mutual funds, or retirement accounts.",open_qa What does S3 stands for?,,S3 stands for Amazon Simple Storage Service.,open_qa What is Tianwen 1?,,China's 1st Mars Exploration Mission,open_qa "Given this text about gradient descent, what is gradient descent, and who invented it?","In mathematics, gradient descent (also often called steepest descent) is a first-order iterative optimization algorithm for finding a local minimum of a differentiable function. The idea is to take repeated steps in the opposite direction of the gradient (or approximate gradient) of the function at the current point, because this is the direction of steepest descent. Conversely, stepping in the direction of the gradient will lead to a local maximum of that function; the procedure is then known as gradient ascent. Gradient descent is generally attributed to Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who first suggested it in 1847. Jacques Hadamard independently proposed a similar method in 1907. Its convergence properties for non-linear optimization problems were first studied by Haskell Curry in 1944, with the method becoming increasingly well-studied and used in the following decades.","In mathematics, gradient descent (also often called steepest descent) is a first-order iterative optimization algorithm for finding a local minimum of a differentiable function. Gradient descent is generally attributed to Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who first suggested it in 1847",closed_qa "I love nature. What can I do in Boppard, Germany?",,"Boppard is a beautiful town in the Upper Middle Rhine Valley between Bingen and Koblenz. It is surrounded by stunning natural landscapes. If you love nature, there are a few things you can do in Boppard: 1. Do the “Klettersteig Boppard”. The “Klettersteig Boppard” is a via ferrata climbing route that lets you explore the Rhine Valley in a challenging but unique way. 2. Climb the “Ripp”: The “Ripp” is a trail that starts in Boppard and goes up all the way to a lookout point called “Vierseenblick” (see 3). 3. Visit the “Vierseenblick”: The Vierseenblick is a lookout point from which the Rhine appears to be divided into four lakes, hence the German name “vier Seen” (“four lakes”). 4. Hike the “Rheinburgenweg” (“Rhine castles trail”) Trail: The “Rheinburgenweg” is a scenic hiking trail that runs along the Rhine River and offers breathtaking views of the Rhine Valley, including old castles on the other side of the valley. You can start the trail in Boppard and hike north or south. These are just a few ideas, but there are many other nature-related activities and attractions in Boppard that you might enjoy. For more input, you can search for ""Fünfseenblick lookout"", ""The Loreley Rock"", ""Geierlay suspension bridge"", or ""Bacharach"".",brainstorming What type of babies did Regalado say Jiankui was making?,"On 25 November 2018, Regalado posted on MIT Technology Review website that He Jiankui was making CRIPSR babies. As it was publicised, He was prompted to announce his experiment and posted the news of the birth of twins, nicknamed Lulu and Nana, on YouTube in five videos the same day. He formally presented the experiment at the Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing organized at the University of Hong Kong on 28 November 2018. He explained that the experiment was to make the babies resistant to HIV infection as they were (as embryos) obtained from an HIV-positive father. He specifically used a mutant gene named CCR5-Δ32 that is known to confer innate resistance to HIV. The twins were born in secrecy in October 2018, and a third baby (revealed in 2022 as Amy) was then almost born, as He reported.",Regalado said that Jiankui was making CRIPSR babies.,closed_qa What is the motto of the United States Marine Corps?,,"Adopted in 1883, Semper Fidelis: Latin for ""Always Faithful"" is the motto of the Marine Corps. Semper Fidelis symbolizes the lifelong commitment held by every Marine for the Corps and America, a promise reciprocated by the Corps to all Marines.",open_qa Who is Anne Francis?,"Anne Francis, née Gittins (1738 – 7 November 1800) was an English classical scholar and poet. She is notable for a poetic translation of the Bible's Song of Songs that focuses on the dramatic action of the song, rather than its Christian allegorical interpretation. Anne Gittins was born in 1738 as the daughter of the Rev. Daniel Gittins, rector of South Stoke, near Arundel, Sussex. She was educated by her father in the classics and Hebrew. She married the Rev. Robert Bransby Francis, rector of Edgefield, near Holt, Norfolk. Though she lacked formal classical training, Anne Francis was in contact with the leading Old Testament scholars of the time: her Poetical Translation of the Song of Songs was dedicated to John Parkhurst, and other subscribers included Robert Lowth and Benjamin Kennicott. The Poetical Translation focused on what she saw as the direct dramatic action of the song, rather than its Christian allegorical interpretation. Taking a cue from Thomas Harmer, Francis distinguished the voice of an ""Egyptian Spouse"" from that of a ""Jewish Queen"": in this love triangle, Solomon's marriage to the daughter of Pharaoh being resented by an earlier wife. Francis's translation has not received much continuing attention. Yet in the verdict of one recent commentator, Francis's ""insistence on bringing together learning and feeling, what she knew as male and female worlds, makes her Song of Songs an outstanding feminist monument."" In 1787, Francis changed publishers to raise her voice in response to Goethe's ""Charlotte to Werther. A Poetical Epistle"". Throughout the 1790s, she further strengthened the reactionary side of the political divide by periodically publishing work. Despite Francis's lack of formal education, she aided in efforts to adapt French and German playscripts, as did various other female writers. Anne Francis died on 7 November 1800, at the age of 62.","Anne Francis, née Gittins (1738 – 7 November 1800) was an English classical scholar and poet. She is notable for a poetic translation of the Bible's Song of Songs that focuses on the dramatic action of the song, rather than its Christian allegorical interpretation. Anne Gittins was born in 1738 as the daughter of the Rev. Daniel Gittins, rector of South Stoke, near Arundel, Sussex. She was educated by her father in the classics and Hebrew. She married the Rev. Robert Bransby Francis, rector of Edgefield, near Holt, Norfolk. Though she lacked formal classical training, Anne Francis was in contact with the leading Old Testament scholars of the time: her Poetical Translation of the Song of Songs was dedicated to John Parkhurst, and other subscribers included Robert Lowth and Benjamin Kennicott. The Poetical Translation focused on what she saw as the direct dramatic action of the song, rather than its Christian allegorical interpretation. Taking a cue from Thomas Harmer, Francis distinguished the voice of an ""Egyptian Spouse"" from that of a ""Jewish Queen"": in this love triangle, Solomon's marriage to the daughter of Pharaoh being resented by an earlier wife. Francis's translation has not received much continuing attention. Yet in the verdict of one recent commentator, Francis's ""insistence on bringing together learning and feeling, what she knew as male and female worlds, makes her Song of Songs an outstanding feminist monument."" In 1787, Francis changed publishers to raise her voice in response to Goethe's ""Charlotte to Werther. A Poetical Epistle"". Throughout the 1790s, she further strengthened the reactionary side of the political divide by periodically publishing work. Despite Francis's lack of formal education, she aided in efforts to adapt French and German playscripts, as did various other female writers. Anne Francis died on 7 November 1800, at the age of 62.",summarization "Given this reference text, tell me what the foundational BJJ concept was","Brazilian jiu-jitsu was initially developed in 1925 by Brazilian brothers Carlos, Oswaldo, Gastão Jr., George, and Hélio Gracie, after Carlos was taught jiu-jitsu by a travelling Japanese judoka, Mitsuyo Maeda, who himself mastered his ground fighting while interacting with Taro Miyake (Tanabe student), Sadakazu Uyenishi (Handa, Tanabe) and Yukio Tani (Tenjin Shinyo-ryu) and catch wrestlers in Europe. Later on, the Gracie family developed their own self-defense system, and published Gracie Jiu-Jitsu. BJJ eventually came to be its own defined combat sport through the innovations, practices, and adaptation of Gracie jiu-jitsu and Judo, and became an essential martial art for modern MMA. Governing bodies such as the IBJJF work worldwide, and set the rules and standards to be held in sport BJJ competitions. BJJ revolves around the concept, taken from traditional Japanese jūjutsu, that a smaller, weaker person can successfully defend themselves against a bigger, stronger, heavier opponent by using leverage and weight distribution, taking the fight to the ground and using a number of holds and submissions to defeat them. BJJ training can be used for sport grappling and self-defense situations. Sparring, commonly referred to as ""rolling"" within the BJJ community, and live drilling plays a major role in training and the practitioner's development. BJJ can also be used as a method of promoting physical fitness, building character, and as a way of life.","BJJ focuses on the concept that smaller and weaker practitioners can defend against larger and bigger opponents by taking the fight to the ground. Once on the ground, a BJJ practitioner can use leverage and weight distribution to defeat their opponent.",closed_qa What sports can I play in Summer?,,"There are many different sports you can play in Summer. Here is the list: 1- Soccer 2- Swimming 3- Hiking 4- Football 5- Running 6- Tennis",brainstorming What is a Moluccan hanging parrot?,"The Moluccan hanging parrot (Loriculus amabilis) is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is endemic to forest and nearby habitats on Halmahera, Bacan and Morotai in Indonesia. It has sometimes included the Sula hanging parrot as a subspecies, but the two are increasingly treated as separate species based on their distinct differences in plumage and size (11 cm for the Moluccan hanging parrot versus 14 cm for the Sula hanging parrot).","The Moluccan hanging parrot is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is endemic to forest and nearby habitats on Halmahera, Bacan and Morotai in Indonesia.",summarization Why is November 14 celebrated as world diabetes day?,,Sir Frederick Banting who discovered Insulin in 1922 was born on November 14 which is why November 14 is celebrated as world diabetes day,open_qa Describe the video game crash of 1983 in 2 sentences.,"The video game crash of 1983 (known as the Atari shock in Japan) was a large-scale recession in the video game industry that occurred from 1983 to 1985, primarily in the United States. The crash was attributed to several factors, including market saturation in the number of video game consoles and available games, many of which were of poor quality, as well as waning interest in console games in favor of personal computers. Home video game revenues peaked at around $3.2 billion in 1983, then fell to around $100 million by 1985 (a drop of almost 97 percent). The crash abruptly ended what is retrospectively considered the second generation of console video gaming in North America. To a lesser extent, the arcade video game market also weakened as the golden age of arcade video games came to an end. Lasting about two years, the crash shook a then-booming video game industry and led to the bankruptcy of several companies producing home computers and video game consoles. Analysts of the time expressed doubts about the long-term viability of video game consoles and software. The North American video game console industry recovered a few years later, mostly due to the widespread success of Nintendo's Western branding for its Famicom console, the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), released in 1985. The NES was designed to avoid the missteps that caused the 1983 crash and the stigma associated with video games at that time.",Home video game revenues in North America declined from $3.2 billion in 1983 to around $100 million in 1985. This decline – which preceded the success of the Nintendo Entertainment System – is referred to as the video game crash of 1983.,summarization What are the best investments ideas?,,"How you invest depends on some important factors: - Objective: What do you want to do with the money? - Timeline: What is the period that you want to invest and/or need to withdraw from the investment? - Risk tolerance: How do you feel comfortable with market variations? Depending on these factors you can select the types of investments that best fit your goals such as: - Treasury/Certificate of Deposits/Bonds - Fixed Income - REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust) - Mutual Funds - Stock Market You can choose between one type of investment or adopt strategies to diversify your portfolio. Also, there are more advanced types of investment strategies such as Options and Derivatives, for more investment ideas and how to adopt a strategy you can consult your financial advisor.",brainstorming What was the Byzantine Empire?,"The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople. It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire remained the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. The terms ""Byzantine Empire"" and ""Eastern Roman Empire"" were coined after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire and to themselves as Romans[note 2]—a term which Greeks continued to use for themselves into Ottoman times. Although the Roman state continued and its traditions were maintained, modern historians prefer to differentiate the Byzantine Empire from Ancient Rome as it was centered on Constantinople instead of Rome, oriented towards Greek rather than Latin culture, and was characterized by Eastern Orthodox Christianity.","After the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, it split into many nations. The eastern part of the Roman Empire became the Byzantine Empire with Constantinople as its capital city rather than Rome. The Byzantine citizens continued to refer to themselves as Romans, and believed themselves as the successor to the former empire, however their culture was more Greek than Latin. The Byzantine Empire continued to be the most powerful nation in Europe until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453.",summarization Why is a meme compared to a gene?,"A meme (/miːm/ MEEM) is an idea, behavior, or style that spreads by means of imitation from person to person within a culture and often carries symbolic meaning representing a particular phenomenon or theme. A meme acts as a unit for carrying cultural ideas, symbols, or practices, that can be transmitted from one mind to another through writing, speech, gestures, rituals, or other imitable phenomena with a mimicked theme. Supporters of the concept regard memes as cultural analogues to genes in that they self-replicate, mutate, and respond to selective pressures. In popular language, a meme may refer to an Internet meme, typically an image, that is remixed, copied, and circulated in a shared cultural experience online.","A meme is compared to a gene because it can self-replicate, mutate, and respond to selective pressures similar to that of a gene.",closed_qa Which company built the F-22 Raptor?,"The Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor is an American single-seat, twin-engine, all-weather stealth tactical fighter aircraft developed for the United States Air Force (USAF). As the result of the USAF's Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) program, the aircraft was designed as an air superiority fighter, but also has ground attack, electronic warfare, and signals intelligence capabilities. The prime contractor, Lockheed Martin, built most of the F-22's airframe and weapons systems and conducted final assembly, while Boeing provided the wings, aft fuselage, avionics integration, and training systems. The aircraft first flew in 1997 and was variously designated F-22 and F/A-22 before it formally entered service in December 2005 as the F-22A. Although the USAF had originally planned to buy a total of 750 ATFs, the program was cut to 187 operational aircraft in 2009 due to high costs, a lack of air-to-air missions at the time of production, and the development of the more affordable and versatile F-35.[N 1] The last F-22 was delivered in 2012. While it had a protracted development and initial operational difficulties, the F-22 has become a critical component of the USAF's tactical airpower. The fighter's combination of stealth, aerodynamic performance, and mission systems enabled a leap in air combat capabilities and set the benchmark for its generation. The F-22 is expected to serve into the 2030s and eventually be succeeded by the USAF's Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) manned fighter component.","The F-22 Raptor was built primarily by Lockheed Martin, but several significant components were built by Boeing including the wings, aft fuselage, avionics integration, and training systems.",closed_qa "True or false, fish live on land?",,False. Fish live in the water.,classification What is a NFT?,,"A non-fungible token (NFT) is a unique digital identifier that cannot be copied, substituted, or subdivided, that is recorded in a blockchain, and that is used to certify ownership and authenticity. The ownership of an NFT is recorded in the blockchain and can be transferred by the owner, allowing NFTs to be sold and traded. NFTs can be created by anybody, and require few or no coding skills to create. NFTs typically contain references to digital files such as photos, videos, and audio. Because NFTs are uniquely identifiable assets, they differ from cryptocurrencies, which are fungible.",open_qa Which clef does a viola use?,,"Viola music is normally written in the alto clef which is also known as the c clef. Occasionally, the treble clef may be used where there are high sections in music.",open_qa Give me ideas on how to gain trust in workplace.,,"Value long-term relationships. Trust requires long-term thinking Be honest Honor your commitments Admit when you're wrong Communicate effectively Be vulnerable Be helpful Show people that you care",brainstorming Suggest a road trip in Washington state,,"Visiting Olympic National Park, Mt Rainier, Mt Baker, Lake Chelan, Snoqualmie Falls, Moses Lake, and Bainbridge Island are all road trips that are very scenic and beautiful",creative_writing Why does Nadal play tennis left-handed?,"At age 8, Nadal won an under-12 regional tennis championship at a time when he was also a promising football player. This made Toni Nadal intensify training, and it was at that time that his uncle encouraged Nadal to play left-handed for a natural advantage on the tennis court, after studying Nadal's then two-handed forehand stroke.","When he was younger, Rafa Nadal used to play with a double handed forehand. His uncle then recommended that he switch to a left-handed stroke in order to have a natural advantage on court.",summarization "Given these paragraphs about Multiomics, what is panomics?","Multiomics, multi-omics, integrative omics, ""panomics"" or ""pan-omics"" is a biological analysis approach in which the data sets are multiple ""omes"", such as the genome, proteome, transcriptome, epigenome, metabolome, and microbiome (i.e., a meta-genome and/or meta-transcriptome, depending upon how it is sequenced); in other words, the use of multiple omics technologies to study life in a concerted way. By combining these ""omes"", scientists can analyze complex biological big data to find novel associations between biological entities, pinpoint relevant biomarkers and build elaborate markers of disease and physiology. In doing so, multiomics integrates diverse omics data to find a coherently matching geno-pheno-envirotype relationship or association. The OmicTools service lists more than 99 softwares related to multiomic data analysis, as well as more than 99 databases on the topic. Systems biology approaches are often based upon the use of panomic analysis data. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) defines panomics as referring to ""the interaction of all biological functions within a cell and with other body functions, combining data collected by targeted tests ... and global assays (such as genome sequencing) with other patient-specific information."" Single-cell multiomics A branch of the field of multiomics is the analysis of multilevel single-cell data, called single-cell multiomics. This approach gives us an unprecedent resolution to look at multilevel transitions in health and disease at the single cell level. An advantage in relation to bulk analysis is to mitigate confounding factors derived from cell to cell variation, allowing the uncovering of heterogeneous tissue architectures. Methods for parallel single-cell genomic and transcriptomic analysis can be based on simultaneous amplification or physical separation of RNA and genomic DNA. They allow insights that cannot be gathered solely from transcriptomic analysis, as RNA data do not contain non-coding genomic regions and information regarding copy-number variation, for example. An extension of this methodology is the integration of single-cell transcriptomes to single-cell methylomes, combining single-cell bisulfite sequencing to single cell RNA-Seq. Other techniques to query the epigenome, as single-cell ATAC-Seq and single-cell Hi-C also exist. A different, but related, challenge is the integration of proteomic and transcriptomic data. One approach to perform such measurement is to physically separate single-cell lysates in two, processing half for RNA, and half for proteins. The protein content of lysates can be measured by proximity extension assays (PEA), for example, which use DNA-barcoded antibodies. A different approach uses a combination of heavy-metal RNA probes and protein antibodies to adapt mass cytometry for multiomic analysis. Multiomics and machine learning In parallel to the advances in highthroughput biology, machine learning applications to biomedical data analysis are flourishing. The integration of multi-omics data analysis and machine learning has led to the discovery of new biomarkers. For example, one of the methods of the mixOmics project implements a method based on sparse Partial Least Squares regression for selection of features (putative biomarkers). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiomics","The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) defines panomics as referring to ""the interaction of all biological functions within a cell and with other body functions, combining data collected by targeted tests ... and global assays (such as genome sequencing) with other patient-specific information.""",closed_qa What is the significance of a poppy on Remembrance day?,"A poppy is a flowering plant in the subfamily Papaveroideae of the family Papaveraceae. Poppies are herbaceous plants, often grown for their colourful flowers. One species of poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the source of the narcotic drug mixture opium which contains powerful medicinal alkaloids such as morphine and has been used since ancient times as an analgesic and narcotic medicinal and recreational drug. It also produces edible seeds. Following the trench warfare in the poppy fields of Flanders, Belgium during World War I, poppies have become a symbol of remembrance of soldiers who have died during wartime, especially in the UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and other Commonwealth realms.","Following the trench warfare in the poppy fields of Flanders, Belgium during World War I, poppies have become a symbol of remembrance of soldiers who have died during wartime, especially in the UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and other Commonwealth countries.",closed_qa Summarize legacy of ibn-Batuta,"After his collaboration with Ibn Jazayy ended, Ibn Batuta retired to a judicial post in a small Moroccan provincial town, where he died in 1368. Ibn Battuta has been called the greatest of all travel writers, having traveled farther than Marco Polo. In his work, he provided priceless glimpses of the various people, courts and religious monuments around the world. His travelogue has been the source of countless research projects and historical investigations. Even if some of the stories were borrowed, and some of the tales a bit too marvelous to be believed, Ibn Battuta's rilha remains an enlightening and influential work of travel literature to this day.","Ibn-Batuta was considered one of the greatest traveler of his time. His travelogues provided first ever glimpse of cultures, dynasties and religions of the world. Despite its shortcomings, his work remains influential even today.",summarization How tall is 970 Park Ave?,"970 Park Avenue is a luxury residential housing cooperative in Manhattan, New York City. 970 was designed by the New York architectural firm of Schwartz & Gross and built by the developers Bing & Bing. It is located on Park Avenue and East 83rd Street. The 12-story building was erected in 1912. In 1940, the bank that owned the building reconfigured the building, altering the original spacious apartments into smaller units. In 1987, it was converted to a cooperative by Martin J. Raynes; Raynes added two triplex penthouses with ""greenhouse"" studies, circular staircases and large terraces. The building stands at 132 feet (40 m) tall.",970 Park Avenue is a 12-story building that stands 132 feet (40m) tall.,information_extraction What are different ways people help each other?,,"People help each other in a variety of different ways. Help can be offered to those who are physically handicapped, helped can be offered to those who are suffering emotionally, help can be offered to those who don't understand a topic or subject, help can be offered through knowledge transfer to others, help can be offered through active listening, help can be offered through physical touch, help can be offered through a community of people, and help can be offered through verbal and non verbal communication.",open_qa In what language do multilingual people dream?,,"This answer really depends on whom you are speaking to. Some multilingual people dream in different languages and this depends on who they are interacting with within their dreams. For example, if in the dream they are talking to their French mother they would reply in French, however when speaking to their English teacher they speak in English. Other multilingual people, in their dreams, speak in any language they know without a particular distinction. Some people just speak 1 language all the way through. Anyways, I’m sure there are even more variances that we are not aware of!",brainstorming "Can you summarize the main points about the first edition of the Dota 2 tournament, The International?","Valve announced the first edition of The International on August 1, 2011. 16 teams were invited to compete in the tournament, which would also serve as the first public viewing of Dota 2. The tournament was funded by Valve, including the US$1 million grand prize, with Nvidia supplying the hardware. It took place at Gamescom in Cologne from August 17–21 the same year. The tournament started with a group stage in which the winners of each of the four groups were entered into a winner's bracket, and the other teams entered the loser's bracket. The rest of the tournament was then played as a double-elimination tournament. The final of this inaugural tournament was between Ukrainian-based Natus Vincere and Chinese-based EHOME, with Natus Vincere winning the series 3–1. EHOME won US$250,000, with the rest of the 14 teams splitting the remaining $350,000.","The first edition of The International was held at Gamescom in Cologne, Germany August 17-21 2011. Sixteen teams were directly invited by Valve to complete for $1 Million grand prize. The tournament was played in a round robin group stage, followed by a double elimination playoff. The Ukrainian based team, Natus Vincere defeated the Chinese based EHOME 3-1 in the grand finals.",summarization From the passage identify the years in which major events happened in Icahn’s business career. Display the results in comma separated format.,"In 1961, Icahn began his career as a stockbroker for Dreyfus Corporation. In 1963, he became an options manager for Tessel, Patrick & Co. and then he moved to Gruntal & Co. In 1968, with $150,000 of his own money and a $400,000 investment from his uncle, M. Elliot Schnall, Icahn bought a seat on the New York Stock Exchange and formed Icahn & Co., which focused on risk arbitrage and options trading. In 1978, in his first takeover attempt, he took a controlling stake in Tappan and forced the sale of the company to Electrolux, making a profit of $2.7 million, or doubling his investment. In 1979, he acquired Bayswater Realty & Capital Corporation. In 1983, he acquired ACF Industries and in 1985 he sold those shares to Phillips Petroleum, making a $50 million profit.[failed verification] In 1985, by pooling his funds with investor funds and funds borrowed from banks, Icahn acquired 50% of Trans World Airlines, and he completely acquired the company in a leveraged buyout in 1988. Icahn systematically sold TWA's assets to repay money he owed, which was described as ""asset stripping"" and made him known as a ""corporate raider"". In 1991, he sold TWA's London routes to American Airlines for $445 million. Icahn made a $469 million profit, and left TWA with $540 million in debt. He formed lowestfare.com to sell TWA tickets and acquired portions of Global Leisure Travel from Ramy El-Batrawi. In October 1986, Icahn launched an unsuccessful $8 billion hostile takeover for 89% of U.S. Steel; the bid was dropped in January 1987. In 1991, he sold his stake in the company for $1 billion, making a $200 million profit.","1961, 1963,1968, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1987, 1991",information_extraction What is EDM?,,EDM is short for electronic dance music. It is a genre that is made up or electronic musical melodies and is sometimes referred to as club or dance music.,open_qa Why was Bacardi 151 discontinued in the US?,"Bacardi 151 is a discontinued brand of highly alcoholic rum made by Bacardi Limited of Hamilton, Bermuda. It is named for its alcohol concentration level of 151 U.S. proof, that is, 75.5% alcohol by volume. This is much higher than typical rum, which averages around 35%–40% alcohol by volume. Bacardi 151 was sold in the United States and Canada from at least 1963 until 2016, when its production was discontinued. Safety and lawsuits Because of its high alcohol content, Bacardi 151 was particularly flammable among liquors. For this reason it was often used as the ignition source for ""flaming shots"" and even for at-home pyrotechnic stunts. The bottle carried a warning label advising consumers, among other things, ""do not use this product for flaming dishes or other drinks."" Bottles were also equipped with a stainless steel flame arrester crimped onto the neck of the bottle to prevent the rum inside the bottle from igniting. Nevertheless, Bacardi faced at least two lawsuits from consumers who claimed to have been badly injured by the product's flames. While the company never issued a formal statement regarding the product's discontinuation, it has been speculated that ""it's a pretty good guess that Bacardi got sick of being sued."" Mixed drinks Bacardi 151 was typically used in sweet drinks, such as the Hurricane and Caribou Lou, which combine rum and fruit juices.","Because of its high alcohol content, Bacardi 151 was particularly flammable among liquors. Bacardi faced at least two lawsuits from consumers who claimed to have been badly injured by the product's flames. It has been speculated that ""it's a pretty good guess that Bacardi got sick of being sued.""",summarization What kind of sports can I watch?,,"There are many sports you can watch like basketball, baseball, soccer, volleyball, football or rugby to name a few. You will need to find which sport interests you the most. If you ever played a sport in school or professionally then start by watching that sport to see if it still interests you. If not, then start by watching any of these sports listed above for a couple hours and see if you are interested. If not, then pick a different one and do the same thing until you find the sport that you really want to watch that holds your interest.",open_qa what is the number of US house of representatives?,,435,open_qa What is Elzéar Abeille de Perrin known for?,"Elzéar Emmanuel Arène Abeille de Perrin (3 January 1843, Marseille – 9 October 1910, Marseille) was a French entomologist. Abeille de Perrin was a lawyer in Marseille. He gave all his free time to entomology and was a member of the Société entomologique de France for twenty years. He was especially interested in the cave species of the Pyrenees. His best known publications are Monographie des malachites (1869), Études sur les coléoptères cavernicoles, suivies de la description de 27 coléoptères nouveaux français (1872), Notes sur les leptodirites (1878), and Synopsis critique et synonymique des chrysides de France (1878). His collection of Palearctic, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Orthoptera is conserved in Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris.","Elzéar Abeille de Perrin is best known as a French entomologist. He specialized in studying cave species in the Pyrenees. His best known publications are Monographie des malachites (1869), Études sur les coléoptères cavernicoles, suivies de la description de 27 coléoptères nouveaux français (1872), Notes sur les leptodirites (1878), and Synopsis critique et synonymique des chrysides de France (1878).",information_extraction What is the tiny piece at the end of a shoelace called?,,An Aglet.,open_qa What are some of the famous festivals of India?,,"India is the land of diverse cultures and festivities. Therefore, certain festivals are more prominent in specific parts than others. A couple of the festivals that are celebrated on a broader level across the country are 1. Diwali: It is also referred to as the ""Festival of Lights"". During this festival, people light up their homes in the religious significance of welcoming Goddess Laxmi, also known as Goddess of Wealth. Some people consider this festival as the highest religious significance. 2. Holi: It is one the most popular festival to the level that has picked up in western world. Being referred as the ""Festival of colors"", people generally play with colors (in powder form), sing and enjoy with friends, family and neighbours.",open_qa How can I better learn a new language?,,"Learning a language by using it is the most efficient way. Having a partner to practice not only help you work on your pronunciation and accent, it also incentivize you to keep practicing (similar to how having a gym buddy makes you go to the gym more often). Language are also meant to communicate. Allowing yourself for mistakes, whether it is an accent, bad conjugation would allow you to keep practicing and would result having a broader set of words and sentences you can use. From there correcting mistakes becomes easier as you naturally find relations between conjugation, forms etc.",open_qa "In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Durrandon?",,"Durran, also known as Durran Godsgrief",open_qa What is an LCR circuit?,,"An LCR circuit is a resonant circuit that is also often called an RLC circuit. It consist of an inductor (L), a capacitor (C), and a resistor (R). The three components may be connected in series or in parallel. Radio and television receivers contain oscillators that are based on the LCR circuit. The circuit is used to tune into transmitting stations.",open_qa What kind of species is the Eulima venusta,,"Eulima venusta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of a number within the genus Eulima.",open_qa "Which of the following books were written by JK Rowling: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince, Cursed Child, Lord of the Rings trilogy, Percy Jackson, A Song of Ice and Fire.",,"The books written by her are: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince, Cursed Child.",classification What's the Platinum Jubilee?,"The Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II was the international celebration in 2022 marking the 70th anniversary of the accession of Queen Elizabeth II on 6 February 1952. It was the first time that any monarch in British history celebrated a platinum jubilee, as is the case in the histories of the other Commonwealth realms.[n 1] Initiatives to commemorate the jubilee were announced by the governments of many realms—including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and the United Kingdom—of territories, such as the Cayman Islands and Gibraltar, and celebrations were also held in other Commonwealth member states, like the Gambia, Malaysia, Malta, Pakistan, and Samoa. Leaders from across the world, including from China, France, Germany, Israel, and the United States, sent messages of congratulations to the Queen on reaching the milestone. In the United Kingdom, there was an extra bank holiday on 3 June and the usual spring bank holiday was moved from the end of May to 2 June to create the four-day Platinum Jubilee Central Weekend from Thursday, 2 June, to Sunday, 5 June. Commemorative stamps and coins were issued by several Commonwealth nations and beacons were lit in every Commonwealth capital for the first time. In many places, trees were planted in the Queen's honour. The Queen died in her Platinum Jubilee year, on 8 September, at the age of 96. Her funeral was held on 19 September 2022 and she was buried at the King George VI Memorial Chapel later that day.","The Platinum Jubilee was a 2022 celebration commemorating British Monarch Queen Elizabeth II's 70th anniversary on the throne. No other monarch in British history has lived long enough to celebrate this milestone, and celebrations were held in her honor all over the world, and several Commonwealth nations commemorated the occasion by issuing special stamps and coins.",information_extraction What kind of grand prix is the 1932 Australian Grand Prix,"The 1932 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Phillip Island circuit in Victoria, Australia on 14 March 1932. It was the fifth Australian Grand Prix and the fifth to be held at Phillip Island. The race was organized by the Light Car Club of Australia, formerly known as the Victorian Light Car Club, and was limited to cars having an engine with a piston displacement of 2000cc or less. It was the first Australian Grand Prix to be decided on a straight handicap basis, with the winner being the first car to complete the 31 laps. The two ""scratch"" competitors had to concede starts ranging up to 29 minutes, equating to an advantage of four laps. The previous practice of cars contesting four classes was discontinued. Weather conditions were reported to be ""ideal"". The race, in which there were 18 starters, was won by Bill Thompson driving a Bugatti. Thompson was also awarded the Herald Trophy for recording the fastest time of the race.","The 1932 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Phillip Island circuit in Victoria, Australia on 14 March 1932. It was the fifth Australian Grand Prix and the fifth to be held at Phillip Island. The race was organized by the Light Car Club of Australia, formerly known as the Victorian Light Car Club, and was limited to cars having an engine with a piston displacement of 2000cc or less. It was the first Australian Grand Prix to be decided on a straight handicap basis, with the winner being the first car to complete the 31 laps. The two ""scratch"" competitors had to concede starts ranging up to 29 minutes, equating to an advantage of four laps. The previous practice of cars contesting four classes was discontinued. Weather conditions were reported to be ""ideal"". The race, in which there were 18 starters, was won by Bill Thompson driving a Bugatti. Thompson was also awarded the Herald Trophy for recording the fastest time of the race.",closed_qa What are the majors in men's professional golf?,,"The four major tournaments are The Masters, The PGA Championship, The Open Championship and the U.S. Open.",open_qa What is AWS EMR?,,"Amazon EMR (previously called Amazon Elastic MapReduce) is a managed cluster platform that simplifies running big data frameworks, such as Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark , on AWS to process and analyze vast amounts of data.",open_qa Please explain how a perpetrator's state of mind is relevant to guilt in committing a crime,"In jurisprudence, animus nocendi (from Latin animus 'mind', and noceo 'to harm') is the subjective state of mind of the perpetrator of a crime, with reference to the exact knowledge of illegal content of his behaviour, and of its possible consequences. In most modern legal systems, the animus nocendi is required as an essential condition to give a penal condemnation. The animus nocendi is usually demonstrated by the verified presence of these elements: knowledge of a law that prohibited the discussed action or conduct (unless there exists a systemic obligation, pending on every citizen, that considers that the law has to be known by every adult — in this case the knowledge is presumed a priori; see also Ignorantia juris non excusat); knowledge of the most likely consequences of his action; precise intention of breaking the law or of causing the verified effects of the action. When the author of the crime had no animus nocendi, it is usually considered that the crime still exists, but the author is innocent, unless a responsibility for guilt can be found in his conduct: the typical case of a car accident in which a wrong or even hazardous manoeuvre causes personal injuries to another car driver, is then managed as a crime for the presence of injuries, yet the author will not be prosecuted as the author of the injuries (he did not want to hurt the other driver, thus he had no animus nocendi), but simply as the author of a dangerous conduct that indirectly caused said effects, and would be held responsible at a guilt title.","In most legal systems, it is required to demonstrate that the perpetrator of a crime had intent to harm, also known by the legal term ""animus nocendi""(from the Latin animus ""mind"" and noceo ""to harm""). Put plainly, this means having foreknowledge of the illegality of his act and the repercussions of the crime. Intention is important in establishing guilt for a specific crime. A good example is a car accident fatality: the driver responsible would be guilty of causing the accidental death of the victim (manslaughter), but not guilty of murder -- unless it could be established that the driver at fault intended to kill the victim.",summarization What professions are likely to be pursued in Houston?,"The arrival of the 20th century brought a convergence of economic factors that fueled rapid growth in Houston, including a burgeoning port and railroad industry, the decline of Galveston as Texas's primary port following a devastating 1900 hurricane, the subsequent construction of the Houston Ship Channel, and the Texas oil boom. In the mid-20th century, Houston's economy diversified, as it became home to the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, home to the Mission Control Center.","Houston appears to be a good place to be a doctor, aerospace engineer, or researcher. In the past it may have been a hotbed for workers in the oil or transportation industries.",summarization What products and services are offered by Falco electronics?,"Falco's main business activities are the design and manufacture of power magnetics, semiconductors and circuitboards. In addition the company designs and manufactures common mode chokes, current sensors, gate drives, power inductors, line transformers, THT inductors, watt hour meters, lighting systems, printed computer boards, mechanical assembly systems, and also provides plastic molding, metal stamping and electronic manufacturing, OEM design and testing services. Falco is a major supplier to international OEMs and brand name electronics manufacturers alike. Falco has regionalized branches in Los Angeles and Miami in the United States; Munich, Germany; Milan, Desenzano, and Bologna, Italy; Manila, The Philippines, Bangalore, India; Xiamen, China and Hong Kong. Falco has manufacturing plants in Mexico, China and India.","Falco designs and manufactures components used by Original Equipment Manufacturers in producing consumer electronics. Components include semiconductors, circuitboards, sensors, transformers, inductors, and meters as well as material-related components such as plastic molding and metal stamping.",summarization What is a tornado?,,"A tornado is a major storm that consists of rotating columns of air that touch the base of a thunderstorm and surface of the earth. They have speeds ranging from 86 - 200 miles per hour and destroy everything in their path. They can last for seconds or minutes at a time. States that have the most tornados are Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Alabama, and Mississippi. People that are in the path of a large tornado often say it sounds like an approaching freight train.",open_qa What are the main challenges to solar panel adoption ?,,"Based on our collective understanding , main barriers to residential solar panel adoption are Economic, Policy and legal, and technical. For example, the initial cost of homeowner to invest in solar, is substantial and the break even on the investment is over 20 years. In addition many utilities don’t have policies to sufficiently compensate for storage and reselling of the excess energy produced.",brainstorming why is hydration so important?,,"Water is very good for you because it helps to keep you hydrated. Your body needs water for nearly every function. When you are well hydrated you will look younger because your skin has better elasticity. You can think more clearly because your brain is hydrated. You muscles will recover faster, and you will have better digestion. Coffee and sugar drinks will dehydrate you so if you have some of these make sure you replenish your fluids with more water to get hydrated.",open_qa What is Humanism?,,"Humanism is a belief system that emphasizes the power of the human individual rather than any god or other divinity. Humanists believe in the innate goodness of human beings, the inherent capacity of humans to care about each other, and it stresses the rational in explaining the world around us. It is a belief system for those who cannot embrace the supernatural and prefer instead to reside in the actual world and try to understand it with scientific explanations. Humanists use facts, reasoning, and empathy to make decisions. Some others call Humanism 'Good without god'. Humanists aren't openly hostile or antagonistic towards organized religions, but instead they respect that everyone has the right to their own beliefs.",open_qa How do you play blackjack?,,"Blackjack or Twenty-One is a casino type game Blackjack is the most widely played casino banking game in the world. It uses decks of 52 cards and descends from a global family of casino banking games known as Twenty-One where players bet against the dealer for hands as close to 21 as possible without going over.",open_qa Who won the MLB World Series in 2020?,,Los Angeles Dodgers,open_qa What are the official languages of Belgium?,,"The official languages of Belgium are Dutch, spoken in Flanders, French, spoken in Wallonia, and German, spoken by the German-speaking Community.",open_qa what is fish oil?,,"Fish oil is produced from the tissues of fish. Fish that contain omega-3 fatty acids are the ones that are used to produce fish oil supplements. These fatty acids have been show to reduce inflammation in the body and may reduce your risk for heart disease, high blood pressure, and rheumatoid arthritis. Fish oil can be consumed daily as a morning or nightly supplement for support or enhance your immune health.",open_qa What is an actuary?,,An actuary is a specialist in the valuation of the financial impact of risk and uncertainty. They apply statistical techniques and expert industry knowledge. Actuaries usually work in the insurance and banking industries.,open_qa What is the essence of utilitarianism?,"Utilitarianism is a consequentialist approach to normative ethics that holds morally right actions are those that promote the most human happiness. Jeremy Bentham, who created his version of the theory in 1829, and John Stuart Mill who made his in 1861 are considered the founders of utilitarianism, though the basic concept predates either of the two philosophers. Utilitarianism remains as one of the more appealing and compelling approaches to normative ethics.",Utilitarianism evaluates any action in terms of the amount of human happiness delivered as the result of the action.,summarization What are the four ingredients for beer?,,"Water, Barley, Yeast and Hops",open_qa What is electrical conduction?,"The movement of electric charge is known as an electric current, the intensity of which is usually measured in amperes. Current can consist of any moving charged particles; most commonly these are electrons, but any charge in motion constitutes a current. Electric current can flow through some things, electrical conductors, but will not flow through an electrical insulator. By historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part. Current defined in this manner is called conventional current. The motion of negatively charged electrons around an electric circuit, one of the most familiar forms of current, is thus deemed positive in the opposite direction to that of the electrons. However, depending on the conditions, an electric current can consist of a flow of charged particles in either direction, or even in both directions at once. The positive-to-negative convention is widely used to simplify this situation. The process by which electric current passes through a material is termed electrical conduction, and its nature varies with that of the charged particles and the material through which they are travelling. Examples of electric currents include metallic conduction, where electrons flow through a conductor such as metal, and electrolysis, where ions (charged atoms) flow through liquids, or through plasmas such as electrical sparks. While the particles themselves can move quite slowly, sometimes with an average drift velocity only fractions of a millimetre per second, the electric field that drives them itself propagates at close to the speed of light, enabling electrical signals to pass rapidly along wires. In engineering or household applications, current is often described as being either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). These terms refer to how the current varies in time. Direct current, as produced by example from a battery and required by most electronic devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to the negative.  If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction. Alternating current is any current that reverses direction repeatedly; almost always this takes the form of a sine wave. Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within a conductor without the charge moving any net distance over time. The time-averaged value of an alternating current is zero, but it delivers energy in first one direction, and then the reverse. Alternating current is affected by electrical properties that are not observed under steady state direct current, such as inductance and capacitance. These properties however can become important when circuitry is subjected to transients, such as when first energised.",The process by which electric current passes through a material is termed electrical conduction.,information_extraction Which nation started the Arab Spring and what caused it?,"The Arab Spring (Arabic: الربيع العربي) was a series of anti-government protests, uprisings and armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world in the early 2010s. It began in Tunisia in response to corruption and economic stagnation. From Tunisia, the protests then spread to five other countries: Libya, Egypt, Yemen, Syria and Bahrain. Rulers were deposed (Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, Muammar Gaddafi, Hosni Mubarak, Ali Abdullah Saleh) or major uprisings and social violence occurred including riots, civil wars, or insurgencies. Sustained street demonstrations took place in Morocco, Iraq, Algeria, Lebanon, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman and Sudan. Minor protests took place in Djibouti, Mauritania, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and the Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara. A major slogan of the demonstrators in the Arab world is ash-shaʻb yurīd isqāṭ an-niẓām! (Arabic: الشعب يريد إسقاط النظام, lit. 'the people want to bring down the regime').","The Arab Spring began in Tunisia in response to corruption and economic stagnation. From Tunisia, the protests then spread to five other countries: Libya, Egypt, Yemen, Syria and Bahrain.",closed_qa How did Frederic Hudson start working at the Herald?,"Hudson was born in Quincy, Massachusetts, in 1819, and attended the town school in Concord, Massachusetts. When he was 17, he moved to New York City, where his brothers had opened ""Hudson's News Room"". In 1836, he there met James Gordon Bennett Sr., who had founded the Herald in 1835, and soon went to work for him, becoming the third full-time employee of the paper.","While working at ""Hudson's News Room"" in 1836, Hudson met James Gordon Bennett Sr., who had founded the Herald just one year prior in 1835. The 17 year old Hudson went to work for the Herald shortly thereafter, becoming just the third full-time employee of the Herald.",summarization What are the examples of quantum tunneling processes?,"Apart from fission induced by a neutron, harnessed and exploited by humans, a natural form of spontaneous radioactive decay (not requiring a neutron) is also referred to as fission, and occurs especially in very high-mass-number isotopes. Spontaneous fission was discovered in 1940 by Flyorov, Petrzhak, and Kurchatov in Moscow, in an experiment intended to confirm that, without bombardment by neutrons, the fission rate of uranium was negligible, as predicted by Niels Bohr; it was not negligible. The unpredictable composition of the products (which vary in a broad probabilistic and somewhat chaotic manner) distinguishes fission from purely quantum tunneling processes such as proton emission, alpha decay, and cluster decay, which give the same products each time. Nuclear fission produces energy for nuclear power and drives the explosion of nuclear weapons. Both uses are possible because certain substances called nuclear fuels undergo fission when struck by fission neutrons, and in turn emit neutrons when they break apart. This makes a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction possible, releasing energy at a controlled rate in a nuclear reactor or at a very rapid, uncontrolled rate in a nuclear weapon. The amount of free energy contained in nuclear fuel is millions of times the amount of free energy contained in a similar mass of chemical fuel such as gasoline, making nuclear fission a very dense source of energy. The products of nuclear fission, however, are on average far more radioactive than the heavy elements which are normally fissioned as fuel, and remain so for significant amounts of time, giving rise to a nuclear waste problem. However, the seven long-lived fission products make up only a small fraction of fission products. Neutron absorption which does not lead to fission produces Plutonium (from 238 U) and minor actinides (from both 235 U and 238 U) whose radiotoxicity is far higher than that of the long lived fission products. Concerns over nuclear waste accumulation and the destructive potential of nuclear weapons are a counterbalance to the peaceful desire to use fission as an energy source. The thorium fuel cycle produces virtually no plutonium and much less minor actinides, but 232 U - or rather its decay products - are a major gamma ray emitter. All actinides are fertile or fissile and fast breeder reactors can fission them all albeit only in certain configurations. Nuclear reprocessing aims to recover usable material from spent nuclear fuel to both enable uranium (and thorium) supplies to last longer and to reduce the amount of ""waste"". The industry term for a process that fissions all or nearly all actinides is a ""closed fuel cycle"".","proton emission, alpha decay, and cluster decay.",information_extraction What is Crohn's Disease and what are some of the symptoms?,,"Crohn's Disease is a form of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBS) that effects parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Symptoms could include abdominal pain, weight loss and diarrhea among others. Bowel obstruction may occur due to the inflammation.",open_qa What are the highlights of the Apollo 11 mission?,"Apollo 11 (July 16–24, 1969) was the American spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin landed the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC, and Armstrong became the first person to step onto the Moon's surface six hours and 39 minutes later, on July 21 at 02:56 UTC. Aldrin joined him 19 minutes later, and they spent about two and a quarter hours together exploring the site they had named Tranquility Base upon landing. Armstrong and Aldrin collected 47.5 pounds (21.5 kg) of lunar material to bring back to Earth as pilot Michael Collins flew the Command Module Columbia in lunar orbit, and were on the Moon's surface for 21 hours, 36 minutes before lifting off to rejoin Columbia.","Apollo 11 was the culmination of a multi year space race instigated by the Cold War, leading to the United States landing the first humans on the Moon. The mission had 3 personnel, required multiple years of preparation, and consisted of 8 key phases; launch, flight, lunar orbit, lunar descent, landing, lunar surface operations, lunar ascent, return, splashdown, and Quarantine. The Apollo 11 mission remains the most famous mission ever in the NASA program. The 3 astronauts were Michael Collins, Buzz Aldrin, and Neil Armstrong.",summarization What are some ways to help someone fall asleep?,,"Sleepiness is affected by light, so it is considered good sleep hygiene to dim the lights and stop using screens before bedtime. Additionally making sure that the bedroom is quiet and cool can greatly assist with sleep.",brainstorming Who painted the Two Monkeys,Two Monkeys or Two Chained Monkeys is a 1562 painting by Dutch and Flemish Renaissance artist Pieter Bruegel the Elder. The work is now in the Gemäldegalerie (Painting Gallery) of the Berlin State Museums.,The two Monkeys or Two Chained Monkeys is a 1562 painting by Dutch and Flemish Renaissance artist Pieter Bruegel the Elder. The work is now in the Gemaeldegalerie (Painting Gallery) of the Berlin State Museums.,summarization Who won the 2000 World Series?,"The 2000 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2000 season. The 96th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between crosstown opponents, the two-time defending World Series champions and American League (AL) champion New York Yankees and the National League (NL) champion New York Mets. The Yankees defeated the Mets, four games to one, to win their third consecutive championship and 26th overall. The series was often referred to as the ""Subway Series"", referring to the longstanding matchup between New York baseball teams; it was the first World Series contested between two New York teams since the 1956 World Series and the first since the New York Giants and the Brooklyn Dodgers moved west to California (as the current San Francisco Giants and Los Angeles Dodgers, respectively) in 1958 and the subsequent formation of the Mets in 1962. This World Series that featured teams from the same city or state, was the first of its kind since 1989 between the Oakland Athletics and the San Francisco Giants. Yankees shortstop Derek Jeter was named the World Series Most Valuable Player.",New York Yankees defeated the NY Mets 4 games to 1,closed_qa What is a bunk bed?,,It’s a type of furniture that stacks two or more beds on top of each other. Bunk beds are typically used in children’s rooms and in places where it’s necessary to fit lots of beds in a small amount of space.,open_qa Who won the Chinese presidential elections of 1948?,"This indirect elections were held during the Chinese Civil War. Chiang Kai-shek, the incumbent leader of the Nationalist government, won a landslide victory against the same party candidate Ju Zheng in the presidential election. However, Sun Fo, Chiang's preferred Vice-Presidential candidate, was defeated by General Li Zongren in the vice-presidential elections.",Chiang Kai-shek won a landslide victory in the presidential election. General Li Zongren won the vice-presidential elections.,summarization "Given this text about Battlefield 3 on Wikipedia, what was the included classes you could play as in the game?","Battlefield 3's multiplayer matches see players take on one of four roles: Assault, Support, Engineer and Recon. The Assault class focuses on assault rifles and healing teammates. The Support class focuses on light machine guns and supplying ammunition. The Engineer class focuses on supporting and destroying vehicles. The Recon class focuses on sniping and spotting enemies. The mechanics of the weapons have been changed to utilize the new engine: compatible weapons may have bipods attached which can then be deployed when in the prone position or near suitable scenery, and provide a significant boost to accuracy and recoil reduction. Suppressive fire from weapons blurs the vision and reduces the accuracy of those under fire, as well as health regeneration. The Recon class can put a radio beacon anywhere on the map and all squad members will be able to spawn on the location of the beacon.","In Battlefield 3 you could play as one of four classes: Support, Assault, Engineer, and Recon. They all had different equipment and capabilities.",summarization "What about the battle of Salamis (fought in 480 BC), do many historians believe make it one of the most significant battles of human history?","Like the Battles of Marathon and Thermopylae, Salamis has gained something of a 'legendary' status (unlike, for instance, the more decisive Battle of Plataea), perhaps because of the desperate circumstances and the unlikely odds. A significant number of historians have stated that Salamis is one of the most significant battles in human history (though the same is often stated of Marathon). In a more extreme form of this argument, some historians argue that if the Greeks had lost at Salamis, the ensuing conquest of Greece by the Persians would have effectively stifled the growth of Western Civilization as we know it. This view is based on the premise that much of modern Western society, such as philosophy, science, personal freedom and democracy are rooted in the legacy of Ancient Greece. Thus, this school of thought argues that, given the domination of much of modern history by Western Civilization, Persian domination of Greece might have changed the whole trajectory of human history. It is also worth mentioning that the celebrated blossoming of hugely influential Athenian culture occurred only after the Persian wars were won. From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis","The battle (fought between the Persian Empire and Greek City-States in 480 BC) is still considered by many historians to be a foundational event in the development of Western Civilization and modern Democracy. Some say that if the Greeks had lost at Salamis it could have had profound effects on the trajectory of human history. Historian's trace back much of today's Western ideals in philosophy, culture, politics, and science to Ancient Greece. They deduce that if Persia had won the Greco-Persian wars it could have oppressed the blossoming of many modern Western schools of thought. Salamis is one of many skirmishes fought over the course of almost half a century during this conflict. There were other pivotal battles that contributed to the Greek victory, like Marathon and Plataea. However, if Salamis had been won by the Persians, the Greek navy would have been unable to stop them from establishing beachheads across Greece. Much of the Greek victory has been attributed to their use of the environment to their advantage; leveraging natural chokepoints (like at Salamis) to reduce the effectiveness of Persia's numerical advantage. Had Salamis fallen to the Persians it's reasonable to assume that this strategy would have failed and Persia's massive armies would have been able to dominate the Greeks. It's also impossible to predict the outcome of the war if Persia had won this battle, even though chances are things would have ended very differently. Salamis is perhaps more highly regarded because of the long odds the Greek navy faced. They were able to prevail despite being largely outnumbered, which could also be why it's considered such a remarkable event.",closed_qa Is butter required to make cookies?,,"Butter is not required to make cookies. Vegetable oils can be a good alternative, especially for people who want to reduce the amount of saturated fat in their diet. There are also an increasing number of plant based butter-like alternatives.",open_qa Which was the longest Wimbledon men's final?,"2019: Record third Hopman Cup, 100th title, 1200th match win and 12th Wimbledon final Main article: 2019 Roger Federer tennis season Federer opened his campaign by retaining the Hopman Cup alongside Belinda Bencic, becoming the first player to win the mixed-gender event three times. Federer was seeded third at the 2019 Australian Open, entering as the two-time defending champion. He defeated Denis Istomin, Dan Evans, and Taylor Fritz to reach the fourth round, where he faced 14th seed Stefanos Tsitsipas. In a stunning upset, Tsitsipas defeated Federer in four close sets. Critically, Federer was unable to convert any of the twelve break points he held throughout the match, including four set points in the second set. After the match Federer announced he would play the clay court season for the first time since 2016. At the Dubai Tennis Championships Federer won his 100th Career Singles Title, beating Tsitsipas in straight sets in the final. It was his eighth title in Dubai and he became only the second man after Jimmy Connors to reach the three figure mark in the Open Era. Federer then reached the final of the 2019 Indian Wells Masters where he lost to Dominic Thiem in three sets. On 31 March, Federer defeated John Isner at the 2019 Miami Open in straights sets to win his 4th Miami Open title and 28th Masters title. Federer then played his first clay court tournament in three years at the 2019 Madrid Open and secured his 1200th career win, beating Gaël Monfils in the third round. In the quarterfinals he lost to Dominic Thiem again in three sets, despite having two match points in the second set. Federer then played at the Italian Open and reached the quarterfinals but was forced to withdraw from his quarterfinal match against Stefanos Tsitsipas due to a right leg injury. Federer next played at the French Open for the first time in 4 years and seeded 3rd in the draw. Federer achieved comfortable straight-set victories against Lorenzo Sonego, Oscar Otte, Casper Ruud and Leonardo Mayer to reach the quarterfinals, where he faced good friend and compatriot Stan Wawrinka. Federer managed to avenge his loss to Wawrinka at the same stage of the tournament 4 years ago, winning in 4 sets after 3 hours and 35 minutes. With the victory Federer returned to the semifinals of the French Open for the first time since 2012, where he lost to defending and 11-time champion Rafael Nadal in straight sets. Federer then began his grass court season at the Halle Open where he won his tenth title at the event, defeating David Goffin in the final in straight sets. This marked the first time Federer had won a singles tournament ten times or more. At Wimbledon, Roger Federer reached his record 12th final at the tournament after ousting his nemesis Rafael Nadal in four sets in the semifinal; thus, exacting revenge for his earlier defeat to him at the French Open. This was also the first time Federer played Nadal at Wimbledon since the 2008 Wimbledon final, a match regarded by some as the greatest match in the history of tennis. Federer then faced Novak Djokovic in the final, against whom he lost in a five set thriller lasting 4 hours and 57 minutes, despite having two championship points on serve in the fifth set. The match also marked the first time a fifth set tiebreaker was played at 12 games all in the men's singles and was the longest men's final in Wimbledon history. Federer next played at the 2019 Cincinnati Masters and reached the third round where he lost in straight sets to Andrey Rublev. This was his quickest defeat in 16 years, taking just 62 minutes. At the 2019 US Open, he was seeded third. He dropped the first set against both Sumit Nagal and Damir Džumhur in the first two rounds, but pulled out convincing straight sets wins over Dan Evans and David Goffin in the third and fourth. In the quarterfinals, he faced Grigor Dimitrov, who was ranked No. 78 going into the tournament. Despite taking a two sets to one lead, Federer ultimately lost the match in five sets. At the 2019 Shanghai Masters, Federer defeated David Goffin in straight sets to reach the quarterfinals. However, he lost the quarterfinal to Alexander Zverev in three sets. Federer advanced to the Swiss Indoors as the two-time defending champion. His first round match, against Peter Gojowczyk, was remarkable for being the 1500th match of his career. In the final, he defeated Alex de Minaur in straight sets for a record-extending tenth Swiss Indoors title. Federer then played in the Björn Borg group at the 2019 ATP Finals where in the round robin, he lost his opening match to Dominic Thiem in straight sets but beat Matteo Berrettini and Djokovic (his first win over Djokovic since 2015) in straight sets to qualify for the semifinals. He then lost the semifinal to Stefanos Tsitsipas in straight sets. 2020: Australian Open semifinals and right knee surgery Federer began his 2020 season at the 2020 Australian Open. He reached the semifinals after straight sets wins over Steve Johnson and Filip Krajinović, a five-set win over John Millman and a four-set win over Márton Fucsovics. Federer saved seven match points in his five-set quarterfinal win over Tennys Sandgren. Federer then lost his semifinal match to Djokovic in straight sets, having sustained a groin injury earlier in the tournament. In February, Federer underwent arthroscopic surgery for a right knee injury and subsequently withdrew from the Dubai Championships, Indian Wells, Miami Open, and the French Open to give time for his knee to recover, announcing that he would return in the grass season. On 10 June, due to a setback from his initial rehabilitation from the knee injury suffered earlier in the year, Federer announced that he had to have an additional arthroscopic procedure on his right knee. He officially shut down his season to take the necessary time to recover, vowing to return in 2021. This was only the second year in Federer's career since he won his first title that he finished without a title. 2021: Wimbledon quarterfinal and last singles match, injuries In January, Federer withdrew from the 2021 Australian Open due to still recovering from knee surgery and strict COVID-19 quarantine measures in Australia. On 8 March, Novak Djokovic surpassed him for the most career weeks spent as the ATP number 1 ranked player. On 10 March, he made his return to the ATP Tour at the Qatar Open. He won his first ATP match in 14 months against Dan Evans, but lost to Nikoloz Basilashvili in the quarterfinals. Federer then played at the Geneva Open where he lost his opening match to Pablo Andújar in three sets. After defeating Dominik Koepfer of Germany in four sets in the third round, Federer advanced to the fourth round at the French Open. However, he withdrew from the tournament before his fourth-round match citing knee problems, giving a walkover to Matteo Berrettini of Italy. In 2021 Halle Open where he was seeded fifth, he lost in the second round to Félix Auger-Aliassime. Federer was playing against the 20-year-old for the first time. Their 19-year age difference was the biggest in Federer's 1,521 career matches. This was the earliest exit at this tournament for Federer who was seeking his 70th match win in Halle, and his 18th quarterfinal at this event in as many appearances. At Wimbledon, 39-year-old Federer advanced to the quarterfinals and thus became the oldest Wimbledon quarterfinalist in the Open Era, breaking the record held by Ken Rosewall, following wins over Adrian Mannarino by retirement, Richard Gasquet, 29th seed Cameron Norrie, and 23rd seed Lorenzo Sonego. However, he was then upset by 14th seed Hubert Hurkacz in the quarterfinal in straight sets. This was the first time in 19 years at Wimbledon he had lost in straight sets, and only the second time he had lost a set 6–0 in the 21st century (the previous occasion was against Nadal in the 2008 French Open final). On 15 August, Federer announced that he underwent another knee surgery after further injury during the grass court season. He withdrew from the US Open and stated that he would be off the tour for ""many months,"" but he hoped to make a return to the tour in 2022. 2022: Retirement and farewell alongside rivals Federer did not play after Wimbledon 2021, and dropped out of the top 50 on 13 June 2022. On 11 July 2022, he became unranked for the first time since his professional debut. However, Federer announced that he was set to return to the tour at the 2022 Laver Cup in September. On 15 September 2022, he announced his impending retirement from professional tennis on the ATP Tour, noting that the Laver Cup would be his final ATP event. He stated that he ""will play more tennis in the future, of course, but just not in Grand Slams or on the tour."" His final match resulted in a loss in doubles partnering long-time rival and friend Rafael Nadal, against Jack Sock and Frances Tiafoe. The match was his 1750th on the tour.","The 2019 men's final was the longest final in Wimbledon's history, lasting 4 hours and 57 minutes. Roger Federer faced Novak Djokovic in this match and lost to him in five sets.",closed_qa What was Lieutenant Columbo's catch phrase on his TV show?,,"Columbo frequently said ""just one more thing"" in episodes of the show.",open_qa Where does the suburb of Rozelle's name come from?,"The name Rozelle and Rozelle Bay (often shown as ""Rozella Bay"" on old maps), originated from the parrots found in abundance at Rose Hill (near Parramatta) the first suburb of Sydney, established as a prime farming area for the new colony. The parrots, also in abundance in the inner west Bay area of Sydney, were commonly called ""Rose Hill parrots"" or ""Rose-hillers"" then Rosella.","The name Rozelle originated from the parrots found in abundance at Rose Hill the first suburb of Sydney. The parrots, also in abundance in the inner west Bay area of Sydney, were commonly called ""Rose Hill parrots"" or ""Rose-hillers"" then Rosella",information_extraction How many States are there in the United States?,,50,open_qa What are some ideas for businesses that cater to millennials?,,"Millennials like coffee shops, boba tea shops and cafes that have healthy foods like salads and smoothies. Restaurants that sell organic, vegetarian and gluten-free foods are good ideas. A pet store would also be a good idea because millennials spend a lot of money on their pets. Millennials also value travel and experiences, so a tour company that takes customers to unusual or exciting places could work well.",brainstorming "I am about to have my third child under the age of 4. What car should I get that would fit my family of 5, 3 kids in car seats, a dog and the possibility of adding another child in a few years?",,"You should consider test driving and purchasing a minivan. With three children under the age of five, all of which are going to need to be in car seats for the foresee able future, the built in features of a minivan are going to fit your current and short term needs. They include, but are not limited to automatic side doors, automatic rear doors, front, backup, and in cabin cameras, in car vacuum, parking assist, cruise control, built-in sun shades, captain chairs with a removable middle seat and rear entertainment. A minivan can easily sit 8 adults or children comfortably. It is the perfect car for a family of five or more should your family grow.",creative_writing Is Seattle a good place to live at?,,"Seattle is one of the biggest cities in the pacific northwest, it is very well known for the beautiful nature, outdoor activities, coffee, technology and of course the rain. The Seattle area is relatively very safe compared to other large metropolitan areas across the US. Public schools in the area are generally considered to be of great quality, some neighborhoods in the greater Seattle area are home to some of the best public schools across the country. The Seattle area is also home to major company headquarters such as Microsoft, Amazon, Starbucks and more. It's also home to a large number of startups including a few unicorns such as Smartsheet, Remitly and Outreach. If you are considering moving to Seattle the above factors might help you decide but also note that the cost of living in the Seattle area is relatively high compared to cost of living across the country, this is mainly driven by the tech industry being the largest industry in the area.",brainstorming What is an archipelago,"An archipelago (/ˌɑːrkəˈpɛləˌɡoʊ/ (listen) AR-kə-PEL-ə-goh), sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster, or collection of islands, or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered islands. Examples of archipelagos include: the Indonesian Archipelago, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Lakshadweep Islands, the Galápagos Islands, the Japanese archipelago, the Philippine Archipelago, the Maldives, the Balearic Islands, The Bahamas, the Aegean Islands, the Hawaiian Islands, the Canary Islands, Malta, the Azores, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, the British Isles, the islands of the Archipelago Sea, and Shetland. They are sometimes defined by political boundaries. For example, the Gulf archipelago off the northeastern Pacific coast forms part of a larger archipelago that geographically includes Washington state's San Juan Islands; while the Gulf archipelago and San Juan Islands are geographically related, they are not technically included in the same archipelago due to manmade geopolitical borders.","An archipelago is a grouping, or clustering, of islands.",closed_qa Extract from the text the main characteristics of the city of São Paulo. Separate them with a comma.,"São Paulo is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC as an alpha global city, São Paulo is the most populous city proper in the Americas, the Western Hemisphere, and the Southern Hemisphere, as well as the world's 4th largest city proper by population. Additionally, São Paulo is the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world. It exerts strong international influences in commerce, finance, arts and entertainment. The city's name honors the Apostle, Saint Paul of Tarsus. The city's metropolitan area, the Greater São Paulo, ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th most populous on Earth. The process of conurbation between the metropolitan areas around the Greater São Paulo (Campinas, Santos, Jundiaí, Sorocaba and São José dos Campos) created the São Paulo Macrometropolis, a megalopolis with more than 30 million inhabitants, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world.","most populous city in Brazil, most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region, Listed by the GaWC as an alpha global city, the most populous city proper in the Americas, the world's 4th largest city proper by population, São Paulo is the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world, city's name honors the Apostle, Saint Paul of Tarsus, ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th most populous on Earth",information_extraction Were cars used for transportation in the 19th century in King Field?,"King Field (alternately, Kingfield) is a neighborhood in the Southwest community in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Its boundaries are 36th Street to the north, Interstate 35W to the east, 46th Street to the south, and Lyndale Avenue to the west. King Field, within the King Field neighborhood is a park named after Martin Luther King Jr. This was farm country in the 2nd half of the 19th century. Transportation was by horse and buggy. Fewer than 20 farms had been established by 1874. C.C. Garvey owned a dairy farm near 44th Street and Grand Ave. George Bichnell farmed 18 acres (73,000 m2) of land from Lyndale to Pleasant, 42nd to 43rd Streets. Hiram Van Nest farmed 28 acres (110,000 m2) of land from 40th to 42nd, Pleasant to Lyndale. The Farmsworth farm occupied 57 acres (230,000 m2) south of 47th Street and East of Nicollet.","No, transportation was by horse and buggy",closed_qa How does the Stock Market work?,,"The stock market helps companies raise money to fund operations by selling shares of stock, and it creates and sustains wealth for individual investors. Companies raise money on the stock market by selling ownership stakes to investors. These equity stakes are known as shares of stock. By listing shares for sale on the stock exchanges that make up the stock market, companies get access to the capital they need to operate and expand their businesses without having to take on debt. In exchange for the privilege of selling stock to the public, companies are required to disclose information and give shareholders a say in how their businesses are run. Investors benefit by exchanging their money for shares on the stock market. As companies put that money to work growing and expanding their businesses, investors reap the benefits as their shares of stock become more valuable over time, leading to capital gains. In addition, companies pay dividends to their shareholders as their profits grow. The performances of individual stocks vary widely over time, but taken as a whole the stock market has historically rewarded investors with average annual returns of around 10%, making it one of the most reliable ways of growing your money.",open_qa What is the best hand in poker?,,"The highest value hand in poker is the Royal Flush. It consists of a run of five cards all in the same suit. The hand needs to include an Ace, King, Queen, Jack and a Ten, all in the same suit.",open_qa What is celiac disease?,"Coeliac disease (British English) or celiac disease (American English) is a long-term autoimmune disorder, primarily affecting the small intestine, where individuals develop intolerance to gluten, present in foods such as wheat, rye and barley. Classic symptoms include gastrointestinal problems such as chronic diarrhoea, abdominal distention, malabsorption, loss of appetite, and among children failure to grow normally. This often begins between six months and two years of age. Non-classic symptoms are more common, especially in people older than two years. There may be mild or absent gastrointestinal symptoms, a wide number of symptoms involving any part of the body, or no obvious symptoms. Coeliac disease was first described in childhood; however, it may develop at any age. It is associated with other autoimmune diseases, such as Type 1 diabetes mellitus and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, among others.",Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder affecting the small intestine where the ingestion of gluten can lead to long-term serious health issues.,information_extraction What is a bicameral legislature?,,A legislative body comprised of two separate chambers,open_qa What was the Ottoman ironclad Hifz-ur Rahman?,"Hifz-ur Rahman (Ottoman Turkish: Merciful Protector) was the second of two Lüft-ü Celil-class ironclads built for the Ottoman Navy in the late 1860s. Originally ordered by the Khedivate of Egypt, an autonomous vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, the central Ottoman government forced Egypt to surrender Hifz-ur Rahman while she was still under construction at the French Forges et Chantiers de la Gironde shipyard. The vessel was a turret ship, armed with two 229 mm (9 in) Armstrong guns and two 178 mm (7 in) Armstrong guns, both pairs in revolving gun turrets. Hifz-ur Rahman saw action during the Russo-Turkish War in 1877–1878, where she operated on the Danube to try to prevent Russian forces from crossing the river. While defending the port of Sulina, she engaged Russian gunboats in an inconclusive action. She was laid up for twenty years, until the outbreak of the Greco-Turkish War in 1897, which highlighted the badly deteriorated state of the Ottoman fleet. A large-scale reconstruction program was put in place, and Hifz-ur Rahman was rebuilt in the Imperial Arsenal in the early 1890s. Nevertheless, she saw no further service of any significance, and she was sold for scrap in 1909.","The Hifz-ur Rahman was a big ship in the old days of the Ottoman empire. It had many powerful guns. It fought in wars against Russia and then later against the Greeks. Later in it's life it was restored but new saw battle again. Sadly, it was eventually scrapped.",summarization What are some interesting facts around Wilmer McLean's residencies when it comes to the American Civil War?,"Wilmer McLean (May 3, 1814 – June 5, 1882) was an American wholesale grocer from Virginia. His house, near Manassas, Virginia, was involved in the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861. After the battle, he moved to Appomattox, Virginia, to escape the war, thinking that it would be safe. Instead, in 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in McLean's house in Appomattox. His houses were, therefore, involved in one of the first and one of the last encounters of the American Civil War.","He lived near Manassas, Virginia, where one for the first battles of the Civil War was fought, and then moved to Appomattox, also in Virginia, on this later home General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant, near the end of the Civil War.",summarization What is an amendment?,,a change or addition to the Constitution,open_qa What is the primary information in this paragraph?,"Racial categories have historically been used as a way to enable an oppressive figure or group to discriminate against other groups or individuals which were seen as different from that of the oppressor. In nineteenth and early twentieth century Europe, artwork was a common form of racialization which targeted countries in the Middle East and Asia. The artwork, predominantly paintings, were portrayed in order to instill prejudice in the Western populations through sexualizing and manipulating images. One of the most prominent examples of Orientalist work in art is a piece by Eugène Delacroix titled Women of Algiers in their Apartment. Dating back to 1834, it portrays three women resting in a harem in exotic clothing while an African woman is dressed in plain clothing, depicting her role as a servant. Fine textiles, hookahs, and other paraphernalia adorn the room, which represents a European fantasy of an exotic scene. Attempts to portray these cultures as strange, foreign and exotic through Orientalism led to intolerance towards the Arab and Asian communities in Europe and the United States. Others argue that Delacroix, who travelled in North Africa sketching extensively, was depicting a realistic scene of the era based on his first-hand knowledge and experience. In such an interpretation the clothing, for example, is consistent with the times, as Arab North Africans dressed differently from Europeans, and kept black slaves who would not have been treated as equals.","The paragraph discussed racial manipulation in the 19th to 20th centuries. It considers Europeans to be discriminative against people from the Middle East, Asia and North Africa, and uses artist expressions to communicate and manipulate these prejudice to their general population.",closed_qa What is a small-world network?,"A small-world network is a mathematical graph in which most nodes are not neighbors of one another, but the neighbors of any given node are likely to be neighbors of each other. Due to this, most neighboring nodes can be reached from every other node by a small number of hops or steps. Specifically, a small-world network is defined to be a network where the typical distance L between two randomly chosen nodes (the number of steps required) grows proportionally to the logarithm of the number of nodes N in the network.","A small-world network is a mathematical graph in which most nodes are not neighbors of one another, but the neighbors of any given node are likely to be neighbors of each other.",closed_qa What were the four groundbreaking papers that Albert Einstein published,"Albert Einstein (/ˈaɪnstaɪn/ EYEN-styne; German: [ˈalbɛʁt ˈʔaɪnʃtaɪn] (listen); 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theory of relativity, but he also made important contributions to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics. Relativity and quantum mechanics are the two pillars of modern physics. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from relativity theory, has been dubbed ""the world's most famous equation"". His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics ""for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. His intellectual achievements and originality resulted in ""Einstein"" becoming synonymous with ""genius"". Einsteinium, one of the synthetic elements in the periodic table, was named in his honor. In 1905, a year sometimes described as his annus mirabilis ('miracle year'), Einstein published four groundbreaking papers. These outlined the theory of the photoelectric effect, explained Brownian motion, introduced special relativity, and demonstrated mass–energy equivalence. Einstein thought that the laws of classical mechanics could no longer be reconciled with those of the electromagnetic field, which led him to develop his special theory of relativity. He then extended the theory to gravitational fields; he published a paper on general relativity in 1916, introducing his theory of gravitation. In 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light and the quantum theory of radiation, which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light.","Albert Einstein, 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theory of relativity, but he also made important contributions to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics. Relativity and quantum mechanics are the two pillars of modern physics. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from relativity theory, has been dubbed ""the world's most famous equation"". His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics ""for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. His intellectual achievements and originality resulted in ""Einstein"" becoming synonymous with ""genius"". Einsteinium, one of the synthetic elements in the periodic table, was named in his honor. In 1905, a year sometimes described as his annus mirabilis ('miracle year'), Einstein published four groundbreaking papers. These outlined the theory of the photoelectric effect, explained Brownian motion, introduced special relativity, and demonstrated mass–energy equivalence. Einstein thought that the laws of classical mechanics could no longer be reconciled with those of the electromagnetic field, which led him to develop his special theory of relativity. He then extended the theory to gravitational fields; he published a paper on general relativity in 1916, introducing his theory of gravitation. In 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light and the quantum theory of radiation, which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light.",summarization How do beaver damns benefit the environment?,"Beavers build dams and lodges using tree branches, vegetation, rocks and mud; they chew down trees for building material. Dams restrict water flow, and lodges serve as shelters. Their infrastructure creates wetlands used by many other species, and because of their effect on other organisms in the ecosystem, beavers are considered a keystone species.",Although beavers build damns to protect themselves they also help generate wetlands which are natural habits for a lot of other species. They are a key contributor to the ecosystem they live in.,summarization What does HEMA stand for? ​​,,HEMA stands for Historical European Martial Arts. It is a type of martial art that combines the techniques of historical European martial arts with modern techniques.,open_qa Why was the iPhone such a successful product?,"Apple rejected the ""design by committee"" approach that had yielded the Motorola ROKR E1, a largely unsuccessful ""iTunes phone"" made in collaboration with Motorola. Among other deficiencies, the ROKR E1's firmware limited storage to only 100 iTunes songs to avoid competing with Apple's iPod nano. Cingular gave Apple the liberty to develop the iPhone's hardware and software in-house, a rare practice at the time, and paid Apple a fraction of its monthly service revenue (until the iPhone 3G), in exchange for four years of exclusive U.S. sales, until 2011. The iPhone was the first mobile phone with multi-touch technology. Since the iPhone's launch, it gained larger screen sizes, video-recording, waterproofing, and many accessibility features. Up to iPhone 8 and 8 Plus, iPhones had a single button on the front panel with the Touch ID fingerprint sensor. Since iPhone X, iPhone models have switched to a nearly bezel-less front screen design with Face ID facial recognition, and app switching activated by gestures. Touch ID is still used for the budget iPhone SE series.","The iPhone did away with physical keyboards and instead introduced a multi-touch screen which didn't require a stylus. The iPhone software, iOS, was developed to take advantage of all hardware and design capabilities of the phone, including the touchscreen. Each application presented its customized input options on the touch screen. In addition, the iOS was flexible and expandable through the App Store, giving the iPhone user a wide choice of third-party apps which were not known before. iPhone hardware quality was also a nice surprise to the users.",closed_qa How is CAC 40 selected?,"The CAC 40 index composition is reviewed quarterly by an independent Index Steering Committee (French: Conseil Scientifique). If any changes are made, they are effected a minimum of two weeks after the review meeting. At each review date, the companies listed on Euronext Paris are ranked according to free float market capitalization and share turnover over the prior 12 months. From the top 100 companies in this ranking, forty are chosen to enter the CAC 40 such that it is ""a relevant benchmark for portfolio management"" and ""a suitable underlying asset for derivatives products"". If a company has more than one class of shares traded on the exchange, only the most actively traded of these will be accepted into the index (generally this will be the ordinary share)","CAC 40 is selected from top 100 of the companies listed on Euronext Paris are benchmarked and selected by Conseil Scientifique. Considering the weighted average of stock prices over a certain period and some indicators, only the most actively traded of these will be accepted into the index.",summarization What is the name of the first ten amendments to the Constitution?,,the bill of rights,open_qa What is CrossFit?,,"CrossFit is a workout program that was originally created by Greg Glassman in California. It focuses on high intensity constantly varied functional movements. People who do CrossFit go to CrossFit affiliated gyms to complete their workouts. The workouts are called WOD which stands for Workout Of the Day. These workouts vary in length, cardio intensity, and complexity of movements. CrossFit also combines elements of Olympic weightlifting, gymnastics, and traditional strength training. While CrossFit is an excellent way to get and stay in shape, it has received backlash from the media for the increased potential for injury that is also associated with the programming. Even with the media backlash, CrossFit has remained a popular syle of workout for those looking to get in shape.",open_qa Why do people purchase ski passes?,,"People buy ski passes so that they have unlimited access to a mountain resort. If they visit the resort enough times in a season, they can save money by using a pass rather than buying individual tickets for each day. Also, using a pass makes it faster to enter the resort without having to stop at a ticket counter.",open_qa What is the best way to build relationships?,,"The best way to build relationships is to show people your most true authentic self. Communicate clearly and honestly with integrity. Show that you care for those people that you have strong relationships with by listening to them, giving honest opinions, and sharing your experiences openly with them.",open_qa From the passage provided find how many runs did shane warne concede in the three-day first class match at the Brabourne Stadium,"Tendulkar scored 143 (131) runs in Sharjah against the Australian team in the 1998 Coca-Cola cup, including 5 sixes in an inning against Shane Warne, Damien Fleming and Michael Kasprowicz. The inning is known as the ""Desert Storm"" because it was interrupted by a sand storm. In 2020, a poll from the ICC declared it Tendulkar's best ODI inning. In early 1998, while playing in an Australian tour of India, Tendulkar scored three consecutive centuries. The focus of the tour was the clash between Tendulkar and spinner Shane Warne, both at the peak of their careers. In the lead-up to the series, Tendulkar simulated scenarios in the nets with Laxman Sivaramakrishnan. In their tour opener, Australia faced Mumbai at the Brabourne Stadium in a three-day first class match. Tendulkar scored an unbeaten 204 runs as Shane Warne conceded 111 runs in 16 overs and Australia lost the match within three days. He also had a role with the ball in the five-match ODI series in India following the Tests, including a five wicket haul in an ODI in Kochi. Set 310 runs to win, Australia were cruising at 203 for 3 in the 31st over when Tendulkar turned the match for India, taking the wickets of Michael Bevan, Steve Waugh, Darren Lehmann, Tom Moody and Damien Martyn for 32 runs in 10 overs. The Test match success was followed by two consecutive centuries in April 1998 in a Triangular cricket tournament in Sharjah—the first in a must-win game to take India to the finals and then again in the finals, both against Australia. These twin knocks were also known as the Desert Storm innings. Following the series, Warne ruefully joked that he was having nightmares about his Indian nemesis. Tendulkar's contribution in the ICC 1998 quarterfinal at Dhaka paved the way for India's entry into the semifinals, when he took four Australian wickets after scoring 141 runs in 128 balls.",Shane Warne conceded 111 runs in 16 overs,information_extraction What is C++?,,"C++ (pronounced ""C plus plus"") is a high-level, general-purpose programming language created by Danish computer scientist Bjarne Stroustrup. First released in 1985 as an extension of the C programming language, it has since expanded significantly over time; modern C++ currently has object-oriented, generic, and functional features, in addition to facilities for low-level memory manipulation. It is almost always implemented as a compiled language, and many vendors provide C++ compilers, including the Free Software Foundation, LLVM, Microsoft, Intel, Embarcadero, Oracle, and IBM.",open_qa What are Vedas?,"The Vedas (/ˈveɪdə(z)/ or /ˈviːdə(z)/, IAST: veda, Sanskrit: वेदः, lit. 'knowledge') are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism. There are four Vedas: the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda and the Atharvaveda. Each Veda has four subdivisions – the Samhitas (mantras and benedictions), the Aranyakas (text on rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices and symbolic-sacrifices), the Brahmanas (commentaries on rituals, ceremonies and sacrifices), and the Upanishads (texts discussing meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge). Some scholars add a fifth category – the Upasanas (worship). The texts of the Upanishads discuss ideas akin to the heterodox sramana-traditions.","Vedas are a religious texts from ancient India written in Sanskrit. There are primarily 4 vedas - Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda.",closed_qa Who is responsible for deportation of Ukrainian children to Russia?,"On 17 March 2023, the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued arrest warrants for Vladimir Putin, the President of Russia, and Maria Lvova-Belova, Russian Commissioner for Children's Rights, alleging responsibility for the unlawful deportation and transfer of children during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The warrant against Putin is the first against the leader of a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. The 123 member states of the ICC are obliged to detain and transfer Putin and Lvova-Belova if either sets foot on their territory.","President of Russian Federation Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova-Belova, Russian Commissioner for Children's Rights are directly responsible the unlawful deportation of Ukrainian children to Russia. This crime against humanity along with many other atrocities (like Bucha massacre) has been committed by Russians during the Russian invasion of Ukraine that started on February 24, 2022.",summarization in which country could you spend a Kwanza,,Angola,open_qa Explain the Montessori Method of education in pre-school and kindergarten,"Montessori classrooms for children from 2+1⁄2 or 3 to 6 years old are often called Children's Houses, after Montessori's first school, the Casa dei Bambini in Rome in 1906. A typical classroom serves 20 to 30 children in mixed-age groups, staffed by a fully trained lead teacher and assistants. Classrooms are usually outfitted with child-sized tables and chairs arranged singly or in small clusters, with classroom materials on child-height shelves throughout the room. Activities are for the most part initially presented by the teacher, after which they may be chosen more or less freely by the children as interest dictates. A teacher's role within a Montessori classroom is to guide and consult students individually by letting each child create their own learning pathway. Classroom materials usually include activities for engaging in practical skills such as pouring and spooning, washing up, scrubbing tables and sweeping. Also materials for the development of the senses, mathematical materials, language materials, music, art and cultural materials, including more science-based activities like 'sink and float', Magnetic and Non magnetic and candle and air. Activities in Children's Houses are typically hands-on, tactile materials to teach concepts. For example, to teach writing, students use sandpaper letters. These are letters created by cutting letters out of sandpaper and placing them on wooden blocks. The children then trace these letters with their fingers to learn the shape and sound of each letter. Another example is the use of bead chains to teach math concepts, specifically multiplication. Specifically for multiples of 10, there is one bead that represents one unit, a bar of ten beads put together that represents 1×10, then a flat shape created by fitting 10 of the bars together to represent 10×10, and a cube created by fitting 10 of the flats together to represent 10×10×10. These materials help build a concrete understanding of basic concepts upon which much is built in the later years.","The Montessori Method for Education in pre-school and kindergarten is a unique approach to teaching children to build self-confidence and independence. Learning takes place in Children's Houses and are fully staffed with a mixture of qualified teachers and teaching assistants who guide and consult the individual child by letting each child create their own learning pathway. Activities are introduced by the teacher, but there is no requirement for a child to complete the activity until they are ready, as what the child learns is fully guided by an individual child's interest. Classrooms are equipped with child-sized tables and chairs with learning materials on child height shelves. Education covers a variety of areas, for example completing practical tasks including pouring water, washing up, cleaning tables and sweeping floors. They will have access to materials relating to mathematics, languages, music, art and culture. They are taught to learn basic concepts of mathematics and writing through a hands-on approach using tactile materials.",closed_qa How long is the Georgia State Route 49,"State Route 49 (SR 49) is a 122.8-mile-long (197.6 km) state highway that travels southwest-to-northeast through portions of Terrell, Sumter, Macon, Peach, Houston, Bibb, Jones, and Baldwin counties, mainly in the central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway connects SR 45 north of Dawson to SR 22/SR 24 in Milledgeville. The segment from Fort Valley to Byron is part of the Fall Line Freeway, a highway that connects Columbia to Augusta. It may also be incorporated into the proposed eastern extension of Interstate 14 (I-14), which is currently entirely in Central Texas, and may be extended into Augusta.","The Georgia State Route 49 (SR 49) is a 122.8-mile-long (197.6 km) state highway that travels southwest-to-northeast through portions of Terrell, Sumter, Macon, Peach, Houston, Bibb, Jones, and Baldwin counties, mainly in the central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway connects SR 45 north of Dawson to SR 22/SR 24 in Milledgeville. The segment from Fort Valley to Byron is part of the Fall Line Freeway, a highway that connects Columbia to Augusta. It may also be incorporated into the proposed eastern extension of Interstate 14 (I-14), which is currently entirely in Central Texas, and may be extended into Augusta.",summarization Extract the years in which Ayrton Senna da Silva won the Formula One World Drivers' Championship and list them using bullets.,"Ayrton Senna da Silva was a Brazilian racing driver who won the Formula One World Drivers' Championship in 1988, 1990, and 1991. Senna is one of three Formula One drivers from Brazil to win the World Championship and won 41 Grands Prix and 65 pole positions, with the latter being the record until 2006. He died in an accident while leading the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix, driving for the Williams team.","- 1988 - 1990 - 1991",information_extraction "Given a reference text about Patrick James Mara, tell me what he was known for.","Patrick James Mara (1 February 1942 – 15 January 2016) was an Irish public affairs consultant and politician who served as Senator from July 1981 to October 1981 and May 1982 to December 1982. He was most renowned for being the political adviser to former Taoiseach Charles Haughey. He also served as Press Secretary to Fianna Fáil from 1983 to 1987 and Government Press Secretary from 1987 to 1992. He was appointed the Fianna Fáil Director of Elections for the 1997, 2002, and 2007 general elections. He was a member of the board of Digicel, the company founded by Denis O'Brien to build mobile networks in the Caribbean. He was regularly lampooned on the satirical Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) radio sketch show Scrap Saturday, which ran from 1989 to 1991.",Patrick James Mara was most known for being a political adviser to Taoiseach Charles Haughey and serving as Press Secretary and Government Press Secretary.,closed_qa Who was Alexander the Great?,"Alexander III of Macedon (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος, romanized: Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon","Alexander III of Macedon, commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military campaign throughout Western Asia and Egypt. By the age of 30, he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered to be one of history's greatest and most successful military commanders.",closed_qa What is Family Mart Japan?,"The FamilyMart Company, Ltd. (株式会社ファミリーマート, Kabushikigaisha Famirīmāto) is a Japanese convenience store franchise chain. It is Japan's second largest convenience store chain, behind 7-Eleven. There are now 24,574 stores worldwide in Japan, Taiwan, China, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, South Korea, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Its headquarters is on the 17th floor of the Sunshine 60 building in Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo. There are some stores in Japan with the name Circle K Sunkus under the operation of FamilyMart.","Family Mart is Japan's second largest convenience store chain, behind 7-Eleven.",closed_qa Name some famous rock bands from the 1960s,,"The 1960s had a number of famous rock bands including The Beatles, The Beach Boys, The Doors, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Led Zeppelin, The Grateful Dead, Pink Floyd, and many more.",open_qa What types of things can be plugged in and powered by electricity?,,"A hairdryer, television, computer and fridge are all examples of things that can be plugged in and powered by electricity.",brainstorming Provide a number of different ways that someone can decorate a party.,,"There are many different decorations that can be used for a party. Different color balloons are very popular for parties, and they can either be manually inflated or alternatively they can be filled with helium so they float to the ceiling in a room. Color streamers are also festive and can be hung between furniture or tied to balloons as tassels. Also, flowers are popular for decorating, especially more formal parties. They can be either fresh flowers, or more recently dried flowers are becoming more popular to use for decoration.",brainstorming Give me the main facts about the book series about Harry Potter.,"Harry Potter is a series of seven fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling. The novels chronicle the lives of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The main story arc concerns Harry's conflict with Lord Voldemort, a dark wizard who intends to become immortal, overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic and subjugate all wizards and Muggles (non-magical people). The series was originally published in English by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom and Scholastic Press in the United States. All versions around the world are printed by Grafica Veneta in Italy. A series of many genres, including fantasy, drama, coming-of-age fiction, and the British school story (which includes elements of mystery, thriller, adventure, horror, and romance), the world of Harry Potter explores numerous themes and includes many cultural meanings and references. According to Rowling, the main theme is death. Other major themes in the series include prejudice, corruption, and madness. Since the release of the first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, on 26 June 1997, the books have found immense popularity, positive reviews, and commercial success worldwide. They have attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers and are widely considered cornerstones of modern literature. As of February 2023, the books have sold more than 600 million copies worldwide, making them the best-selling book series in history, and have been available in 85 languages. The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history, with the final instalment selling roughly 2.7 million copies in the United Kingdom and 8.3 million copies in the United States within twenty-four hours of its release. The original seven books were adapted into an eight-part namesake film series by Warner Bros. Pictures. In 2016, the total value of the Harry Potter franchise was estimated at $25 billion, making Harry Potter one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time. Harry Potter and the Cursed Child is a play based on a story co-written by Rowling. The success of the books and films has allowed the Harry Potter franchise to expand with numerous derivative works, a travelling exhibition that premiered in Chicago in 2009, a studio tour in London that opened in 2012, a digital platform on which J. K. Rowling updates the series with new information and insight, and a pentalogy of spin-off films premiering in November 2016 with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, among many other developments. Themed attractions, collectively known as The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, have been built at several Universal Destinations & Experiences amusement parks around the world.","Here are the most important facts about the book series Harry Potter: 1. Harry Potter is a series of seven books written by British author J. K. Rowling. 2. The first book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was published on June 26, 1997. 3. As of February 2023, more than 600 million copies of books were sold worldwide, making it the best-selling book series in history. 4. Although the book is aimed at a younger audience, the main themes of the series are death, prejudice, corruption, and madness. 5. Warner Bros. Pictures has taken the book and released a series of eight films. 6. In 2016, the total value of the Harry Potter franchise was estimated at $25 billion making Harry Potter one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time.",summarization "Who wrote the score for the film ""Rise of the Planet of the Apes""?","The score for the Rise of the Planet of the Apes film was written by Patrick Doyle and performed by the Hollywood Studio Symphony conducted by James Shearman. On being compared to the musical works of Jerry Goldsmith and Danny Elfman, who scored the previous installment, and its impact on the tonal and primitive quality, Doyle opined that the musical approach would be fresh. The main concern was to have the music help progress the plot in the scenes without dialogue, for instance, conveying the emotions of Caesar's relationships with Will and Charles. To turn the score into a ""driving force that keeps audiences paying attention,"" Doyle employed an African-American chorus and focused on percussion and ""low and deep"" orchestra sounds. Doyle collaborated closely with the sound department to make the music complement the sound effects, including writing a recurring theme based on their recording of a chimpanzee.",The score was written by Patrick Doyle.,information_extraction Come up with gift ideas for your girlfriend,,"Here are some possible gift ideas for girlfriend * romantic date * flowers * plushies * shoes * clothing To make a good gift, think of things that your girlfriend likes most. You should customize your gift based on her interests.",brainstorming "What is the name of the gruff and tough female Viper pilot on the 2003 reboot of ""Battlestar Galactica""?",,"Kara ""Starbuck"" Thrace",open_qa Give me a bulleted list of the distinctive physical characteristics of Beavers described in this passage.,"Beavers have large skulls and powerful chewing muscles. They have four chisel-shaped incisors that continue to grow throughout their lives. The incisors are covered in a thick enamel that is colored orange or reddish-brown by iron compounds. The lower incisors have roots that are almost as long as the entire lower jaw. Beavers have one premolar and three molars on all four sides of the jaws, adding up to 20 teeth. The molars have meandering ridges for grinding woody material. The eyes, ears and nostrils are arranged so that they can remain above water while the rest of the body is submerged. The nostrils and ears have valves that close underwater, while nictitating membranes cover the eyes. To protect the larynx and trachea from water flow, the epiglottis is contained within the nasal cavity instead of the throat. In addition, the back of the tongue can rise and create a waterproof seal. A beaver's lips can close behind the incisors, preventing water from entering their mouths as they cut and bite onto things while submerged.","- Large skulls -Four chisel shaped incisors covered in thick orange or reddish-brown enamel - One premolar and three molars on all four sides of the jaw - Nostril valves that close underwater - Membranes that can cover the eyes underwater",summarization What book was the musical Hamilton based on?,"Hamilton is a sung-and-rapped-through musical with music, lyrics, and a book by Lin-Manuel Miranda, based on the 2004 book Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow. The musical tells the story of American Founding Father Alexander Hamilton. Composed over a seven-year period from 2008 to 2015, Miranda says Hamilton was originally a hip hop concept album in his head. The show draws heavily from hip hop, as well as R&B, pop, soul, and traditional-style show tunes. It casts non-white actors as the Founding Fathers of the United States and other historical figures. Miranda described Hamilton as about ""America then, as told by America now.""","Hamilton, the musical was based on the 2004 book Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow.",closed_qa What is the Winged Victory monument?,"The Winged Victory of Samothrace, or the Nike of Samothrace, is a votive monument originally found on the island of Samothrace, north of the Aegean Sea. It is a masterpiece of Greek sculpture from the Hellenistic era, dating from the beginning of the 2nd century BC. It is composed of a statue representing the goddess Niké (Victory), whose head and arms are missing, and its base in the shape of a ship's bow. The total height of the monument is 5.57 meters including the socle; the statue alone measures 2.75 meters. The sculpture is one of a small number of major Hellenistic statues surviving in the original, rather than Roman copies. Winged Victory has been exhibited at the Louvre Museum in Paris, at the top of the main staircase, since 1884.","The Winged Victory is a Greek statue representing the Goddess Nike, minus her head and arms, the base of which is carved to look like a ship's bow. This sculpture dates back to the beginning of the 2nd century BC, and is notable because it survives in its Greek original, not as a Roman copy. It is exhibited at the Louvre Museum in Paris, at the top of the main staircase.",information_extraction What are the key features introduced by Apple in their iPhone since its creation which makes it so popular and innovative?,"Development of an Apple smartphone began in 2004, when Apple started to gather a team of 1,000 employees led by hardware engineer Tony Fadell, software engineer Scott Forstall, and design officer Jony Ive, to work on the highly confidential ""Project Purple"". Then-Apple CEO Steve Jobs steered the original focus away from a tablet (which was later revisited in the form of the iPad) towards a phone. Apple created the device during a secretive collaboration with Cingular Wireless (later renamed AT&T Mobility) at the time—at an estimated development cost of US$150 million over thirty months.According to Jobs in 1998, the ""i"" word in ""iMac"" (and therefore ""iPod"", ""iPhone"" and ""iPad"") stands for internet, individual, instruct, inform, and inspire. Apple rejected the ""design by committee"" approach that had yielded the Motorola ROKR E1, a largely unsuccessful ""iTunes phone"" made in collaboration with Motorola. Among other deficiencies, the ROKR E1's firmware limited storage to only 100 iTunes songs to avoid competing with Apple's iPod nano. Cingular gave Apple the liberty to develop the iPhone's hardware and software in-house, a rare practice at the time, and paid Apple a fraction of its monthly service revenue (until the iPhone 3G), in exchange for four years of exclusive U.S. sales, until 2011. Jobs unveiled the first-generation iPhone to the public on January 9, 2007, at the Macworld 2007 convention at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. The iPhone incorporated a 3.5-inch multi-touch display with few hardware buttons, and ran the iPhone OS operating system with a touch-friendly interface, then marketed as a version of Mac OS X. It launched on June 29, 2007, at a starting price of US$499 in the United States, and required a two-year contract with AT&T. On July 11, 2008, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) 2008, Apple announced the iPhone 3G, and expanded its launch-day availability to twenty-two countries, and it was eventually released in 70 countries and territories. The iPhone 3G introduced faster 3G connectivity, and a lower starting price of US$199 (with a two-year AT&T contract). Its successor, the iPhone 3GS, was announced on June 8, 2009, at WWDC 2009, and introduced video recording functionality. First iPhone on display under glass at the January 2007 Macworld show The iPhone 4 was announced on June 7, 2010, at WWDC 2010, and introduced a redesigned body incorporating a stainless steel frame and a rear glass panel. At release, the iPhone 4 was marketed as the ""world's thinnest smartphone""; it uses the Apple A4 processor, being the first iPhone to use an Apple custom-designed chip. It introduced the Retina display, having four-times the display resolution of preceding iPhones, and was the highest-resolution smartphone screen at release; a front-facing camera was also introduced, enabling video calling functionality via FaceTime. Users of the iPhone 4 reported dropped/disconnected telephone calls when holding their phones in a certain way, and this issue was nicknamed ""antennagate"". In January 2011, as Apple's exclusivity agreement with AT&T was expiring, Verizon announced that they would be carrying the iPhone 4, with a model compatible with Verizon's CDMA network releasing on February 10. The iPhone 4S was announced on October 4, 2011, and introduced the Siri virtual assistant, a dual-core A5 processor, and an 8 megapixel camera with 1080p video recording functionality. The iPhone 5 was announced on September 12, 2012, and introduced a larger 4-inch screen, up from the 3.5-inch screen of all previous iPhone models, as well as faster 4G LTE connectivity. It also introduced a thinner and lighter body made of aluminum alloy, and the 30-pin dock connector of previous iPhones was replaced with the new, reversible Lightning connector. The iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C were announced on September 10, 2013. The iPhone 5S included a 64-bit A7 processor, becoming the first ever 64-bit smartphone; it also introduced the Touch ID fingerprint authentication sensor. The iPhone 5C was a lower-cost device that incorporated hardware from the iPhone 5, into a series of colorful plastic frames. On September 9, 2014, Apple introduced the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, and included significantly larger screens than the iPhone 5S, at 4.7-inch and 5.5-inch respectively; both models also introduced mobile payment technology via Apple Pay. Optical image stabilization was introduced to the 6 Plus' camera. The Apple Watch was also introduced on the same day, and is a smartwatch that operates in conjunction with a connected iPhone. Some users experienced bending issues from normal use with the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus, particularly on the latter model, and this issue was nicknamed ""bendgate"". The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were introduced on September 9, 2015, and included a more bend-resistant frame made of a stronger aluminum alloy, as well as a higher resolution 12-megapixel main camera capable of 4K video recording. The first-generation iPhone SE was introduced on March 21, 2016, and was a low-cost device that incorporated newer hardware from the iPhone 6S, in the frame of the older iPhone 5S. The iPhone 7 and 7 Plus were announced on September 7, 2016, which introduced larger camera sensors, IP67-certified water and dust resistance, and a quad-core A10 Fusion processor utilizing big.LITTLE technology; the 3.5mm headphone jack was removed, and was followed by the introduction of the AirPods wireless earbuds. Optical image stabilization was added to the 7's camera. A second telephoto camera lens was added on the 7 Plus, enabling two-times optical zoom, and ""Portrait"" photography mode which simulates bokeh in photos. The iPhone 8, 8 Plus, and iPhone X were announced on September 12, 2017, in Apple's first event held at the Steve Jobs Theater in Apple Park. All models featured rear glass panel designs akin to the iPhone 4, wireless charging, and a hexa-core A11 Bionic chip with ""Neural Engine"" AI accelerator hardware. The iPhone X additionally introduced a 5.8-inch OLED ""Super Retina"" display with a ""bezel-less"" design, with a higher pixel density and contrast ratio than previous iPhones with LCD displays, and introduced a stronger frame made of stainless steel. It also introduced Face ID facial recognition authentication hardware, in a ""notch"" screen cutout, in place of Touch ID; the home button was removed to make room for additional screen space, replacing it with a gesture-based navigation system. At its US$999 starting price, the iPhone X was the most expensive iPhone at launch. The iPhone XR, iPhone XS, and XS Max were announced on September 12, 2018. All models featured the ""Smart HDR"" computational photography system, and a significantly more powerful ""Neural Engine"".[ The XS Max introduced a larger 6.5-inch screen. The iPhone XR included a 6.1-inch LCD ""Liquid Retina"" display, with a ""bezel-less"" design similar to the iPhone X, but does not include a second telephoto lens; it was made available in a series of vibrant colors, akin to the iPhone 5C, and was a lower-cost device compared to the iPhone X and XS. The iPhone 11, 11 Pro, and 11 Pro Max were announced on September 10, 2019. The iPhone 11 was the successor to the iPhone XR, while the iPhone 11 Pro and 11 Pro Max succeeded the iPhone XS and XS Max. All models gained an ultra-wide lens, enabling two-times optical zoom out, as well as larger batteries for longer battery life. The second-generation iPhone SE was introduced on April 17, 2020, and was a low-cost device that incorporated newer hardware from the iPhone 11, in the frame of the older iPhone 8, while retaining the home button and the Touch ID sensor. The iPhone 12, 12 Mini, 12 Pro, and 12 Pro Max were announced via a livestream event on October 13, 2020. All models featured OLED ""Super Retina XDR"" displays, introduced faster 5G connectivity, and the MagSafe magnetic charging and accessory system; a slimmer flat-edged design was also introduced, which combined with stronger glass-ceramic front glass, added better drop protection compared to previous iPhones. The iPhone 12 Mini introduced a smaller 5.4-inch screen, while the 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max had larger screens of 6.1-inch and 6.7-inch respectively. The iPhone 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max additionally added a Lidar sensor for better accuracy in augumented reality (AR) applications. The iPhone 13, 13 Mini, 13 Pro, and 13 Pro Max were announced via a livestream event on September 14, 2021. All models featured larger camera sensors, larger batteries for longer battery life, and a narrower ""notch"" screen cutout. The iPhone 13 Pro and 13 Pro Max additionally introduced smoother adaptive 120 Hz refresh rate ""ProMotion"" technology in its OLED display, and three-times optical zoom in the telephoto lens. The low-cost third-generation iPhone SE was introduced on March 8, 2022, and incorporated the A15 Bionic chip from the iPhone 13, but otherwise retained similar hardware to the second-generation iPhone SE. The iPhone 14, 14 Plus, 14 Pro, and 14 Pro Max were announced on September 7, 2022. All models introduced satellite phone emergency calling functionality. The iPhone 14 Plus introduced the large 6.7-inch screen size, first seen on the iPhone 12 Pro Max, into a lower-cost device. The iPhone 14 Pro and 14 Pro Max additionally introduced a higher-resolution 48-megapixel main camera, the first increase in megapixel count since the iPhone 6S; it also introduced always-on display technology to the lock screen, and an interactive status bar interface integrated in a redesigned screen cutout, entitled ""Dynamic Island"".","The iPhone was the first mobile phone with multi-touch technology. Since the iPhone's launch, it gained larger screen sizes, video-recording, waterproofing, and many accessibility features. Up to iPhone 8 and 8 Plus, iPhones had a single button on the front panel with the Touch ID fingerprint sensor. Since iPhone X, iPhone models have switched to a nearly bezel-less front screen design with Face ID facial recognition, and app switching activated by gestures.",summarization List down some important points about Indore city in India from given text,"Indore is the largest and most populous city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It serves as the headquarters of both Indore District and Indore Division. It is also considered as an education hub of the state and is the only city to encompass campuses of both the Indian Institute of Technology and the Indian Institute of Management. Located on the southern edge of Malwa Plateau, at an average altitude of 553 meters (1,814 ft) above sea level, it has the highest elevation among major cities of Central India. The city is 190 km (120 mi) west of the state capital of Bhopal. Indore had a census-estimated 2011 population of 1,994,397 (municipal corporation) and 3,570,295 (urban agglomeration). The city is distributed over a land area of just 530 square kilometres (200 sq mi), making Indore the most densely populated major city in the central province. Indore is the cleanest city in India according to Swachh Survekshan Report 2022 sixth time in a row, conducted by MoHUA the world's largest urban sanitation and cleanliness survey.","1. Indore is a the largest and most populated city in Madhya Pradesh, India. 2. Indore is the education hub of the state with IIT and IIM. 3. It is located on the southern edge of Malwa Plateau, at an average altitude of 553 meters (1,814 ft) above sea level, The city is 190 km (120 mi) west of the state capital of Bhopal. 4. Indore has population of 1,994,397 based on census 2011 population and 3,570,295 (urban agglomeration). 5. Indore city is distributed over a area of 530 square kilometres (200 sq mi). 6. Sixth time in a row Indore is the cleanest city in India according to Swachh Survekshan Report 2022.",summarization "Based on the reference paragraph, when was the 149th Boat Race?","The 149th Boat Race took place on 6 April 2003. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford (in dark blue) and Cambridge (in light greenish blue) along a 4.2-mile (6.8 km) tidal stretch of the River Thames in south-west London. The lead changed twice during the race, which Oxford won by one foot (30 cm), the smallest margin of victory in the history of the event. The close race has been described as ""epic"", while Olympic gold medallist Steve Redgrave suggested that the race was the ""greatest we will see in our lifetimes"".","April 6, 2003",closed_qa What is Dataproc?,,"Dataproc is a fully managed and highly scalable service for running Apache Hadoop, Apache Spark, Apache Flink, Presto, and 30+ open source tools and frameworks.",open_qa Who was the first Time Magazine Man of the Year?,,Charles Lindbergh was named Time Magazine's Man of the Year in 1927.,open_qa How is the movie Scarlet Days?,"Scarlet Days is a 1919 American silent Western film produced and directed by D. W. Griffith and released through Paramount/Artcraft Pictures, Artcraft being an affiliate of Paramount. Richard Barthelmess stars in a role for which Griffith had screentested Rudolph Valentino. In today's time, this film is considered by many to be one of Griffith's worst films though it might have worked better as a short film. This film was unlike others created by D.W. Griffith. According to an article written for The Cincinnati Enquirer, written on the 16 of November 1919: ""Unlike other recent Griffith production, Scarlet Days is a story of the old West, of the gold rush days of 49- Bret Harte transferred to the screen!"" The Western film genre was expanding at this time and Scarlet Days fits into this category. Western films were popular for this time. Considered a lost film, a print was found in the State Film Archives of the Soviet Union, which donated it to the Museum of Modern Art in 1969. The film was screened to the public, for the first time since its rediscovery, on March 24 and 25, 1969. Scarlet Days was shown alongside another missing film, A Romance of Happy Valley, at the Museum of Modern Art's auditorium with titles still printed in Russian. English titles were later created by the Department of Film at the Museum of Modern Art.","Scarlet Days is a 1919 American silent Western film produced and directed by D.W. Griffith and released through Paramount/Artcraft Pictures. It is considered one of Griffith's worst films, but it is a story of the old West. A print was found in the State Film Archives of the Soviet Union and donated to the Museum of Modern Art in 1969. Titles were later created by the Department of Film at the Museum.",summarization What are some geographical and topological features of the Bajardo comune described on this text?,"Bajardo (also Baiardo) (Ligurian: Baiardu) is a comune in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria. It is about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Imperia. Its principal settlement, Bajardo itself, is a medieval village which stands at an elevation of 900 metres (3,000 ft) on a peak at the head of the basin of the Nervia torrent.","Bajardo is about 110km (68mi) southwest of Genoa and about 25 kilometers (16 mi) west of Imperia. Its principal settlement stands at an elevation of 900 meters (3,000 ft).",summarization What are some of the ways society can be improved?,,"Each country have their own customs, political systems, economic systems and beliefs. But some of the common ways we can improve society are to give population of a country clean water, clean air, nutritious food, basic education, health care and security. Additionally, creating economic system where individuals can work and contribute to their society's cultural, economic, and social growth may also improve society overall.",brainstorming What is the length of a championship rowing race?,"Rowing, sometimes called crew in the United States, is the sport of racing boats using oars. It differs from paddling sports in that rowing oars are attached to the boat using oarlocks, while paddles are not connected to the boat. Rowing is divided into two disciplines: sculling and sweep rowing. In sculling, each rower holds two oars—one in each hand, while in sweep rowing each rower holds one oar with both hands. There are several boat classes in which athletes may compete, ranging from single sculls, occupied by one person, to shells with eight rowers and a coxswain, called eights. There are a wide variety of course types and formats of racing, but most elite and championship level racing is conducted on calm water courses 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) long with several lanes marked using buoys.",Championship rowing races are conducted over 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) with dedicated lanes delineated by bouys.,summarization "According to Greek mythology, who was the first woman on earth?",,Pandora,open_qa Who composed The Planets suit (both names),,Gustav Holst,open_qa Is society ready for flying cars ?,,"No, significant work needs to done in terms of : Infrastructure to support cars that can traverse the airspace New FAA regulations to manage airspace safety New driver safety training and licenses New charging stations New insurance policies",brainstorming What are the main ingredients for bread?,,"Flour, water, yeast and salt.",brainstorming Give me some ideas to manage my manager.,,"1. Be honest 2. Communicate 3. Understand goals 4. Stay calm 5. Solve problems 6. Be positive 7. Share your knowledge 8. Be caring 9. Practice positive reinforcement 10. Be a strong performer",brainstorming "Given a reference text about Sourcefire, what company acquired it and how much was it acquired for?","Sourcefire, Inc was a technology company that developed network security hardware and software. The company's Firepower network security appliances were based on Snort, an open-source intrusion detection system (IDS). Sourcefire was acquired by Cisco for $2.7 billion in July 2013. Background Sourcefire was founded in 2001 by Martin Roesch, the creator of Snort. The company created a commercial version of the Snort software, the Sourcefire 3D System, which evolved into the company's Firepower line of network security products. The company's headquarters was in Columbia, Maryland in the United States, with offices abroad.",Cisco acquired Sourcefire for $2.7B.,closed_qa what are the different types of music genres,,"The music genre is the categorisation of music. Some examples of music genres are - rock, pop, hip-hop, jazz etc.",open_qa "According to the paragraph below, what is Generative AI?","A generative artificial intelligence or generative AI is a type of AI system capable of generating text, images, or other media in response to prompts. Generative AI systems use generative models such as large language models to statistically sample new data based on the training data set that was used to create them.","Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to AI systems that respond to user prompts to generate text, images and other media.",summarization Write an example message asking your friend Tony to go to a baseball game with you,,"Hi Tony! Baseball season just started and I am looking for people to go to a game with. Would you be interested? There are a bunch of games coming up in town that would be good options. We could go on a weekend, but the tickets will be more expensive. Alternatively, if we can make it to a game during the week, we might be able to either save some money, or get better seats for the same price as worse tickets on a weekend game. Let me know if you are interested at all. Thanks!",creative_writing What are the major elements found on earth?,"Earth's mass is approximately 5.97×1024 kg (5,970 Yg). It is composed mostly of iron (32.1% by mass), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulfur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminum (1.4%), with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements. Due to gravitational separation, the core is primarily composed of the denser elements: iron (88.8%), with smaller amounts of nickel (5.8%), sulfur (4.5%), and less than 1% trace elements. The most common rock constituents of the crust are oxides. Over 99% of the crust is composed of various oxides","Earth's mass is made of primarily iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, sulfur, nickel, calcium and aluminum.",information_extraction Who was the first female to swim the English Channel?,,"In 1926, Gertrude Ederle was the first woman to swim the English Channel. She was only 19 years old and an Olympic medalist when she made the crossing.",open_qa Share some details about paris city from the given text.,"Paris (English: /ˈpærɪs/; French pronunciation: [paʁi] ( listen)) is the capital and most populous city of France, with an official estimated population of 2,102,650 residents as of 1 January 2023 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the fourth-most populated city in the European Union as well as the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its early and extensive system of street lighting, in the 19th century, it became known as ""the City of Light"". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world.","1. Paris is the capital of France and the most populous city, with an official estimated population of 2,102,650 residents as of 1 January 2023 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi). 2. In 2022, it was the 30th most populous city in the world and the fourth-most populous city in the European Union. 3. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the principal hubs for science, trade, fashion, diplomacy, and gastronomy. 4. It earned the moniker ""the City of Light"" in the 19th century due to its prominence in the arts and sciences and its early and comprehensive system of street lighting. 5. It was sometimes referred to as the capital of the world, just like London had been before the Second World War.",summarization "Given this paragraph about Kobe beef, tell me what type of cattle it is from","Kobe beef (神戸ビーフ, Kōbe bīfu) is Wagyu beef from the Tajima strain of Japanese Black cattle, raised in Japan's Hyōgo Prefecture according to rules set out by the Kobe Beef Marketing and Distribution Promotion Association. The meat is a delicacy, valued for its flavor, tenderness, and fatty, well-marbled texture. Kobe beef can be prepared as steak, sukiyaki, shabu-shabu, sashimi, and teppanyaki. Kobe beef is generally considered one of the three top brands[clarification needed] (known as Sandai Wagyu, ""the three big beefs""), along with Matsusaka beef and Ōmi beef or Yonezawa beef.",Kobe beef is from Japanese Black cattle.,closed_qa Where is Ecsenius tessera commonly found?,"Ecsenius tessera is a species of combtooth blenny in the genus Ecsenius. It is found in coral reefs in the western Pacific ocean, around Vanuatu. It can reach a maximum length of 4.5 centimetres. Blennies in this species feed primarily off of plants, including benthic algae and weeds.","Ecsenius tessera is commonly found in coral reefs in the western Pacific ocean, close to Vanuatu.",closed_qa Give a single-sentence explanation of this paragraph without quoting from the text.,"The type of soil would make a difference to the design of the motte, as clay soils could support a steeper motte, whilst sandier soils meant that a motte would need a more gentle incline. Where available, layers of different sorts of earth, such as clay, gravel and chalk, would be used alternatively to build in strength to the design. Layers of turf could also be added to stabilise the motte as it was built up, or a core of stones placed as the heart of the structure to provide strength. Similar issues applied to the defensive ditches, where designers found that the wider the ditch was dug, the deeper and steeper the sides of the scarp could be, making it more defensive. Although militarily a motte was, as Norman Pounds describes it, ""almost indestructible"", they required frequent maintenance. Soil wash was a problem, particularly with steeper mounds, and mottes could be clad with wood or stone slabs to protect them. Over time, some mottes suffered from subsidence or damage from flooding, requiring repairs and stabilisation work.",Soil type and composition play a significant role in the kind of mound that can be built to support a motte and the maintenance required to upkeep it.,summarization What is the best way to live life,,"1. Be helpful 2.Be honest 3. Be Kind 4. Be positive",brainstorming "If there are only two genera remaining, what happened to the other 24?","According to the World Register of Marine Species, there are only two genera in this family. Previously there were about 26, but most of these have been reallocated as sub-genera of the remaining two genera, Mycale and Phlyctaenopora:",Most of the other 24 were reallocated as sub-genera of the remaining two genera.,closed_qa List some reasons why cats are the best pets.,,"- They are cuddly - They are independent - They very frequently bond with their humans - They provide emotional support - They are less demanding than dogs - They are easy to care for - They don't need constant attention 24/7 - They can be trained to use a litter box or even a real toilet - They don't take up a lot of space - They don't require lots of expensive toys, equipment, or beds - They don't need to go on walks every day - They don't make large messes - They are often much more easier to care for than dogs - They don't slobber - They don't lick your face - They don't chew up your furniture - They are extremely cute",brainstorming "Using the text provided, give me the type of engineers that are involved in fabrication of a solar power plant","Solar power plants derive their energy from sunlight, which is made accessible via photovoltaics (PV's). Photovoltaic panels, or solar panels, are constructed using photovoltaic cells which are made of silica materials that release electrons when they are warmed by the thermal energy of the sun. The new flow of electrons generates electricity within the cell. While PV's are an efficient method of producing electricity, they do burn out after a decade and thus, must be replaced; however, their efficiency, cost of operation, and lack of noise/physical pollutants make them one of the cleanest and least expensive forms of energy. Solar power plants require the work of many facets of engineering; electrical engineers are especially crucial in constructing the solar panels and connecting them into a grid, and computer engineers code the cells themselves so that electricity can be effectively and efficiently produced, and civil engineers play the very important role of identifying areas where solar plants are able to collect the most energy.","Although solar power plants require the work of many aspects of engineering, the three main types of engineers involved in fabrication of solar power plants are: 1. Electrical engineers who build solar panels and link them to the electrical grid 2. Computer engineers who program the cells themselves so that power can be produced effectively and efficiently 3. Civil engineer who play a critical role in determining sites where the solar plants can capture the most energy.",summarization "Tell me which of the following circumstances warrant calling 911: fridge runs out of food, micro kitchen runs out of slacks, someone gets hit by a car, a child is drowning in a public pool, your saving account runs out of money, someone carries assault weapons into campus.",,"Given the listed circumstances, you should call 911 immediately when someone gets hit by a car, when a child is drowning in a public pool, or you see someone carrying assault weapons on campus.",classification "here is a blurb about byte pair encoding for encryption, what benefits does this concept have besides compression?","Byte pair encoding (BPE) or digram coding is a simple and robust form of data compression in which the most common pair of contiguous bytes of data in a sequence are replaced with a byte that does not occur within the sequence. A lookup table of the replacements is required to rebuild the original data. The algorithm was first described publicly by Philip Gage in a February 1994 article ""A New Algorithm for Data Compression"" in the C Users Journal. A variant of the technique has shown to be useful in several natural language processing (NLP) domains, for applications such as tokenisation, as seen in Google's SentencePiece and OpenAI's GPT-3. Here, the goal is not data compression, but tokenisation of text in a given language to produce a variable sequence of terms from a fixed-size vocabulary of tokens. Typically, most words will be encoded as a single token, while rare words will be encoded as a sequence of a few tokens, where these tokens represent meaningful word parts. This translation of text into tokens can be found by variants of byte pair encoding, such as subword units. Byte pair encoding lends itself to NLP tasks due to its simplicity and speed; BPE is suitably effective for the tokenisation of terms, does not require large computational overheads, and remains consistent, making it reliable.",An alternate use for byte pair encoding besides compression would be tokenization. Tokenization can be used in Natural Language Processing to encode tokens of words for simplicity and speed in NLP tasks.,closed_qa "What instrument plays the part of the duck in the musical composition, ""Peter and the Wolf""",,An oboe plays the part of the duck in this well-known orchestra piece.,open_qa What kind of dog is a Bernedoodle?,,"A Bernedoodle is a dog that is a mix of two other types of dogs: a poodle and a bernese mountain dog. These two dogs are cross-bred to create the Bernedoodle, frequently to get the hair of the poodle rather than the coast of a Bernese. This means the dog does not shed and is hypoallergenic which makes for a much tidier house!",open_qa What are the three main nutrient groups?,,"The three main nutrient groups, also called macronutrients and macros for short, are protein, carbohydrates, and fat.",open_qa Why do we have work meetings?,,"We have work meetings to give status updates on current projects. These meetings can be virtual or in person. In-person work meetings are great for building rapport, meeting new people, and building stronger relationships with people you already know. Staying up to date on what everyone is working and aligning with company vision is how companies stay successful and have a competitive advantage over their competitors. Regular meetings are the best way to achieve this.",open_qa "Based on the reference provided, what are some tactics firefighters use to stay safe while fighting wildfires?","Outcomes from Project Vesta have been integrated into firefighter training in Australia and are beginning to appear in the United States. Firefighters try to stay out of the dead man zone at all times, working from safe points such as burnt ground or a large area of non-burnable ground, such as a cricket or Australian rules football oval, or a large car park. This is achieved by attacking the fire from the flanks, or the rear, so that burnt ground is always nearby, and the fire is always in front of the firefighters. This avoids two disadvantages of attacking fires at the head of the fire where spot fires may start behind them or changes in wind behavior might accelerate the spread of the fire. The result of several inquiries into firefighter death in Australian bushfires found that firefighters should stay out of the dead man zone and that they should always keep 250 liters of water in their truck for personal safety. This is now a standard operating procedure in the NSW Rural Fire Service, Country Fire Service and Country Fire Authority in Australia.",Firefighters keep out of the dead man zone and carry large amounts of water (at least 250 liters) with them.,closed_qa What is passive solar building design,"In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, reflect, and distribute solar energy, in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer. This is called passive solar design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it does not involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices. The key to designing a passive solar building is to best take advantage of the local climate performing an accurate site analysis. Elements to be considered include window placement and size, and glazing type, thermal insulation, thermal mass, and shading. Passive solar design techniques can be applied most easily to new buildings, but existing buildings can be adapted or ""retrofitted"".","In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, reflect, and distribute solar energy, in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer. This is called passive solar design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it does not involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices. The key to designing a passive solar building is to best take advantage of the local climate performing an accurate site analysis. Elements to be considered include window placement and size, and glazing type, thermal insulation, thermal mass, and shading. Passive solar design techniques can be applied most easily to new buildings, but existing buildings can be adapted or ""retrofitted"".",summarization "Given a reference text about the wraparound process, tell me what is included in a wraparound plan.","The wraparound process is an intensive, individualized care management process for youths with serious or complex needs. Wraparound was initially developed in the 1980s as a means for maintaining youth with the most serious emotional and behavioral problems in their home and community. During the wraparound process, a team of individuals who are relevant to the well-being of the child or youth (e.g., family members, other natural supports, service providers, and agency representatives) collaboratively develop an individualized plan of care, implement this plan, and evaluate success over time. The wraparound plan typically includes formal services and interventions, together with community services and interpersonal support and assistance provided by friends, kin, and other people drawn from the family's social networks. The team convenes frequently to measure the plan's components against relevant indicators of success. Plan components and strategies are revised when outcomes are not being achieved. The process of engaging the family, convening the team, developing the plan, implementing the plan, and transitioning the youth out of formal wraparound is typically facilitated by a trained care manager or “wraparound facilitator,” sometimes with the assistance of a family support worker. The wraparound process, and the plan itself, is designed to be culturally competent, strengths based, and organized around family members’ own perceptions of needs, goals, and likelihood of success of specific strategies.",A wraparound plan usually includes formal services and interventions along with community services and interpersonal support.,closed_qa What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?,,"The Internet of Things (IoT) is a collection of physical objects (with sensors) that send and receive data via the internet or a private network. Over the past few years we have seen IoT becoming more relevant as more internet-enabled devices have been released to the market. Companies in different industries can use device sensors and IoT to, for example, predict equipment failures, increase productivity and efficiency of business operations, monitor human health via wearable devices, optimize track delivery routes, etc. IoT and IoT analytics applications are expected to continue to grow over the next few years as hardware becomes cheaper and more ML/AI services are developed to process the data generated by those devices.",open_qa what are the most popular sports in america,,"The most popular sports in america are football, baseball, basketball, hockey",open_qa What is the Pizza history?,"Modern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in Naples, Italy, in the 18th or early 19th century. The word pizza was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy. Pizza was mainly eaten in Italy and by emigrants from there. This changed after World War II when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.","The history of pizza begins in antiquity, as various ancient cultures produced basic flatbreads with several toppings. A precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flatbread known to the Romans as panis focacius, to which toppings were then added. Modern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in Naples, Italy, in the 18th or early 19th century. The word pizza was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy. Pizza was mainly eaten in Italy and by emigrants from there. This changed after World War II when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods. Some commentators have suggested that the origins of modern pizza can be traced to pizzarelle, which were kosher for Passover cookies eaten by Roman Jews after returning from the synagogue on that holiday, though some also trace its origins to other Italian paschal bread. Other examples of flatbreads that survive to this day from the ancient Mediterranean world are focaccia (which may date back as far as the ancient Etruscans); Manakish in the Levant, coca (which has sweet and savory varieties) from Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands; the Greek Pita; Lepinja in the Balkans; or Piadina in the Romagna part of Emilia-Romagna in Italy",information_extraction List me some important facts about Tobiashammer from given text,"The first hammer forge was probably built in 1482 on the River Ohra. In 1592 the mill was bought by Tobias Albrecht, since when it has been named after him. The works originally had three huge iron hammers which were raised by the motion of a water wheel. The mill made iron products such as scythes, sickles, ploughshares, lances and swords. Later, it also carried out copper processing; washbowls, washtubs, kettle drums, brewing implements, pots, cans and pans were made. The kettle drums, which were produced into the late 20th century, were made from a single piece of copper, forged under the tilt hammer and still set a standard today in terms of their sound.","1. On the River Ohra, the first hammer forge was probably constructed around 1482. 2. Tobias Albrecht purchased the mill in 1592, and ever since, it has carried his name. 3. The factory's three enormous iron hammers, which were elevated by the rotation of a water wheel, were originally installed. 4. The mill produced iron tools like lances, scythes, sickles, and ploughshares. 5. Later, it also engaged in copper processing; pots, cans, pans, brewing equipment, kettle drums, washbowls, and washtubs were produced. 6. The single-piece copper kettle drums, which were forged with the tilt hammer and produced until the late 20th century, set a standard for sound even today.",summarization What is castling in chess?,,"Castling is a unique move that can be used to protect the king and develop a rook at the same time. It is the only move in chess where two pieces can move at the same time. During castling, the king moves two steps to its right or left and the rook moves across the king and goes to the position next to the king. Castling can be done only when the following two conditions are satisfied. First, there must not be any other pieces in between the king and the rook. Second, the king and the rook must not have been moved before.",open_qa Who were Fernando Pessoa's main heteronyms?,"Fernando António Nogueira Pessoa (Portuguese: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃du pɨˈsoɐ]; 13 June 1888 – 30 November 1935) was a Portuguese poet, writer, literary critic, translator, publisher, and philosopher, described as one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century and one of the greatest poets in the Portuguese language. He also wrote in and translated from English and French. Pessoa was a prolific writer, and not only under his own name, for he created approximately seventy-five others, of which three stand out, Alberto Caeiro, Álvaro de Campos, and Ricardo Reis. He did not call them pseudonyms because he felt that this did not capture their true independent intellectual life and instead called them heteronyms. These imaginary figures sometimes held unpopular or extreme views. Pessoa's earliest heteronym, at the age of six, was Chevalier de Pas. Other childhood heteronyms included Dr. Pancrácio and David Merrick, followed by Charles Robert Anon, a young Englishman who became Pessoa's alter ego. In 1905/7, when Pessoa was a student at the University of Lisbon, Alexander Search took the place of Anon. The main reason for this was that, although Search was English, he was born in Lisbon, as was his author. But Search represents a transition heteronym that Pessoa used while searching to adapt to the Portuguese cultural reality. After the republican revolution, in 1910, and consequent patriotic atmosphere, Pessoa created another alter ego, Álvaro de Campos, supposedly a Portuguese naval and mechanical engineer, who was born in Tavira, hometown of Pessoa's ancestors, and graduated in Glasgow. Translator and literary critic Richard Zenith notes that Pessoa eventually established at least seventy-two heteronyms. According to Pessoa himself, there are three main heteronyms: Alberto Caeiro, Álvaro de Campos and Ricardo Reis. Pessoa's heteronyms differ from pen names, because they possess distinct biographies, temperaments, philosophies, appearances, writing styles and even signatures. Thus, heteronyms often disagree on various topics, argue and discuss with each other about literature, aesthetics, philosophy, etc.","Fernando Pessoa created approximately seventy-five heteronyms, of which three stand out, Alberto Caeiro, Álvaro de Campos, and Ricardo Reis. Pessoa's heteronyms differ from pen names, because they possess distinct biographies, temperaments, philosophies, appearances, writing styles and even signatures.",closed_qa What is the economy size of Tamil Nadu?,"As the most urbanised state of India, Tamil Nadu boasts an economy with gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹24.85 lakh crore (US$310 billion), marking the second-largest economy amongst the 28 states of India. It has the country's 9th-highest GSDP per capita of ₹225,106 (US$2,800), and ranks 11th in human development index. Tamil Nadu is also one of the most industrialised states, with the manufacturing sector accounting for more than one-third of the state's GDP. Home to a number of ancient relics, historic buildings, religious pilgrimage spots, hill stations, forts, and three World Heritage Sites, Tamil Nadu's tourism industry is the largest among the Indian states. 15% of Tamil Nadu's forests are protected areas, hosting diverse wildlife. The Tamil film industry, nicknamed as Kollywood, plays an influential role in the state's popular culture.",Tamil Nadu is one of the most industrialized and second-largest economy among all states in India with gross state domestic product (GSDP) of US$310 billion.,information_extraction What is the Daisy Bates House,"The Daisy Bates House is a historic house at 1207 West 28th Street in Little Rock, Arkansas, USA. It is significant as the home of Arkansas NAACP president Daisy Bates, and for its use as a command post for those working to desegregate the Little Rock Central High School during the desegregation crisis of 1957–1958. It was a sanctuary for the nine students involved. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2001. Description The Daisy Bates House is set in a mid-20th-century residential area south of downtown Little Rock, Arkansas. It is a typical 1950s ranch house, one story in height, measuring about 39 feet (12 m) by 51 feet (16 m). It has a wood-frame structure, with its exterior finished in brick veneer. It is topped by a hip roof with broad eaves, which also shelters a carport on the north and west side of the house. The foundation and the carport deck are poured concrete. The main elevation, facing north, has two picture windows with sidelights. The main entrance to the living room is located in the carport, as is a secondary entrance to the kitchen. The main floor has a typical ranch plan, with a public area consisting of living room, dining room, and kitchen, with a hallway leading to two bedrooms. There are two bathrooms. The basement is partially finished, housing a recreation room and half-bath in addition to the house's mechanical systems. The attic is finished and is accessible via pulldown stairs.","The Daisy Bates House is a historic house at 1207 West 28th Street in Little Rock, Arkansas, USA. It is significant as the home of Arkansas NAACP president Daisy Bates, and for its use as a command post for those working to desegregate the Little Rock Central High School during the desegregation crisis of 1957–1958. It was a sanctuary for the nine students involved. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2001. The Daisy Bates House is set in a mid-20th-century residential area south of downtown Little Rock, Arkansas. It is a typical 1950s ranch house, one story in height, measuring about 39 feet (12 m) by 51 feet (16 m). It has a wood-frame structure, with its exterior finished in brick veneer. It is topped by a hip roof with broad eaves, which also shelters a carport on the north and west side of the house. The foundation and the carport deck are poured concrete.",summarization Who developed the Black Swan theory?,"The black swan theory or theory of black swan events is a metaphor that describes an event that comes as a surprise, has a major effect, and is often inappropriately rationalized after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. The term is based on an ancient saying that presumed black swans did not exist – a saying that became reinterpreted to teach a different lesson after they were discovered in Australia. The theory was developed by Nassim Nicholas Taleb, starting in 2001, to explain: 1. The disproportionate role of high-profile, hard-to-predict, and rare events that are beyond the realm of normal expectations in history, science, finance, and technology. 2. The non-computability of the probability of consequential rare events using scientific methods (owing to the very nature of small probabilities). 3. The psychological biases that blind people, both individually and collectively, to uncertainty and the substantial role of rare events in historical affairs. Taleb's ""black swan theory"" refers only to unexpected events of large magnitude and consequence and their dominant role in history. Such events, considered extreme outliers, collectively play vastly larger roles than regular occurrences.  More technically, in the scientific monograph ""Silent Risk"", Taleb mathematically defines the black swan problem as ""stemming from the use of degenerate metaprobability"".",The black Swan Theory was developed by Nassim Nicholas Taleb in 2001.,closed_qa What are the four seasons of the year?,,"The four seasons are summer, fall (or autumn), winter and spring.",open_qa How long do hump back whales live?,,"Hump back whales range is size from 14 - 17 meters, and can live 45 - 50 years. They weight a staggering 40 metric tons or about 55,000 - 65,000 pounds. They get their name hump back whale because of the shape of their back. They are also a very friendly and non aggressive, and there is a very low chance of a human ever getting harmed who comes into contact with one.",open_qa What are the ingredients in panch phuran?,"Panch phoron, panch phodan or pancha phutana is a whole spice blend, originating from the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent and used especially in the cuisine of Eastern India and Northeastern India, especially in the cuisine of Bhojpur, Mithila, Odisha, Bengal and Nepal. The name literally means ""five spices"". All of the spices in panch phoron are seeds. Typically, panch phoron consists of fenugreek seed, nigella seed, cumin seed, black mustard seed and fennel seed in equal parts. Some cooks prefer to use a smaller proportion of fenugreek seeds, because of their mildly bitter taste.","Panch phuran, also known as panch phoron, comprises of the following spices in equal parts: cumin seeds, fenugreek seeds, black mustard seeds, fennel seeds and nigella seeds.",closed_qa Give me a few ways that I can get stronger and in better shape before the next ski season.,,"Skiing requires both muscular strength and endurance in your legs and core, and it is important that as you exercise these muscles your knees and other joints are strengthened as well. Some good leg and knee exercises to prepare for skiing include both normal lunges and reverse lunges, lateral jumps, and both normal planks and side planks. Improving your cardiovascular health is also important, although this can be done in any way that keeps your heart rate in Zone 2 or Zone 3 for an extended duration of time.",brainstorming What is Sim racing,"Simulated racing or racing simulation, commonly known as simply sim racing, are the collective terms for racing game software that attempts to accurately simulate auto racing, complete with real-world variables such as fuel usage, damage, tire wear and grip, and suspension settings. To be competitive in sim racing, a driver must understand all aspects of car handling that make real-world racing so difficult, such as threshold braking, how to maintain control of a car as the tires lose traction, and how properly to enter and exit a turn without sacrificing speed. It is this level of difficulty that distinguishes sim racing from arcade racing-style driving games where real-world variables are taken out of the equation and the principal objective is to create a sense of speed as opposed to a sense of realism. Jann Mardenborough, a sim racer became a professional Nissan racing driver by playing Gran Turismo. Due to the complexity and demands of mimicking real-life driving, racing sims require faster computers to run effectively, as well as a steering wheel and pedals for the throttle and brakes for the immersion. Many cars are digitally recreated for sim racing like this BMW Z4 GT3 from Assetto Corsa. While using a simple gamepad, joystick or even a mouse and keyboard may suffice for most arcade-style driving games on home systems, it won't provide the same level of immersion and realism as using a racing wheel and pedals. In recent years, many sim racing experiences have been developed for consoles, such as the PlayStation and Xbox. While these games can be played with a controller, it is recommended that players invest in a racing wheel and pedals. With the development of online racing, the ability to drive against human opponents and computer AI offline is the closest many will come to driving cars on a real track. Even those who race in real-world competition use simulations for practice or for entertainment. With continued development of the physics engine software that forms the basis of these sims, as well as improved hardware (providing tactile feedback), the experience has become more realistic. In general, sim racing gameplay style applied in several video games like iRacing, Assetto Corsa and Assetto Corsa Competizione, Gran Turismo, among others.","Sim Racing is simulating car racing as accurately as possible using racing game software and hardware. To be competitive, drivers need to understand all aspects of car handling and setup. This creates a high level of complexity, which differentiates sim racing from arcade racing-style games.",summarization What is a Chinese red envalope?,"A red envelope or red packet (simplified Chinese: 红包; traditional Chinese: 紅包; pinyin: hóngbāo; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âng-pau) is a monetary gift given during holidays or for special occasions such as a wedding, a graduation, or the birth of a baby.","A red envelope is usually for celebrations like weddings, birthdays, or graduations. Receiving a red pouch is a sign of good luck and to ward off evil spirits. Usually it contains money and people give them during the holidays. People usually put in even amount of money including 9 because it is a homophonous to the word long. 4 should never be given or using 4 in any of the digits because the pronunciation of 4 is similar to death.",summarization "Based on the above passage, mention the list of countries where Bengal tiger inhabits now.","The Bengal tiger is a population of the Panthera tigris tigris subspecies and the nominate Tiger subspecies. It ranks among the biggest wild cats alive today. It is considered to belong to the world's charismatic megafauna. The tiger is estimated to have been present in the Indian subcontinent since the Late Pleistocene, for about 12,000 to 16,500 years. Today, it is threatened by poaching, loss and fragmentation of habitat, and was estimated at comprising fewer than 2,500 wild individuals by 2011. None of the Tiger Conservation Landscapes within its range is considered large enough to support an effective population of more than 250 adult individuals. The Bengal tiger's historical range covered the Indus River valley until the early 19th century, almost all of India, Pakistan, southern Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan and southwestern China. Today, it inhabits India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and southwestern China. India's tiger population was estimated at 2,603–3,346 individuals by 2018. Around 300–500 individuals are estimated in Bangladesh, 355 in Nepal by 2022, and 90 individuals in Bhutan by 2015.","As mentioned in the above passage, Bengal tiger inhabits India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and China.",information_extraction When did Christoph Karl von Piacsek serve as a Hungarian officer?,"Christoph Karl von Piacsek was a Hungarian officer in Habsburg military service during the French Revolutionary Wars. He was born in 1749 in Klobusics (Hungarian: Klobusic; Czech: Klobušice), in the commune of Trencsén, in the Kingdom of Hungary. As a Rittmeister, or captain of cavalry, in the 9th Hussar Regiment, he received the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa in 1789, after combat in Tabor during Austria's wars with the Ottoman Empire, and, as a colonel, commanded the 9th Hussars, 1793–1797. In 1793, during the War of the First Coalition, the 9th Hussars were part of the Army of the Rhine (Austrian), and participated in the skirmishes at Offenbach, Knittelsbach, and Otterheim, and, later, at the storming of the Wissembourg line at Lauffenberg. Following this action, Piacsek, Major Baron von Szoreyny, and several other officers were honored.",Christoph Karl von Piacsek served as a Hungarian officer in Habsburg military service during the French Revolutionary Wars.,closed_qa Based on the following passage describe the first solid-state device and its use.,"Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the ""Thunderer of the Nile"", and described them as the ""protectors"" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by electric catfish and electric rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. Patients with ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them. Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing. Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. According to a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge of electroplating, based on the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though it is uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature. Electricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when the English scientist William Gilbert wrote De Magnete, in which he made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishing the lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber. He coined the New Latin word electricus (""of amber"" or ""like amber"",, elektron, the Greek word for ""amber"") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed. This association gave rise to the English words ""electric"" and ""electricity"", which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646. Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827. Electricity and magnetism (and light) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his ""On Physical Lines of Force"" in 1861 and 1862.  While the early 19th century had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering. Through such people as Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets, energising electrons. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for ""his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"". The photoelectric effect is also employed in photocells such as can be found in solar panels. The first solid-state device was the ""cat's-whisker detector"" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect. In a solid-state component, the current is confined to solid elements and compounds engineered specifically to switch and amplify it. Current flow can be understood in two forms: as negatively charged electrons, and as positively charged electron deficiencies called holes. These charges and holes are understood in terms of quantum physics. The building material is most often a crystalline semiconductor. Solid-state electronics came into its own with the emergence of transistor technology. The first working transistor, a germanium-based point-contact transistor, was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947, followed by the bipolar junction transistor in 1948.","The first solid-state device was the ""cat's-whisker detector"" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect.",information_extraction What is a hockey hat trick ?,,"when a player scores three goals in a game, usually earning him a cascade of hats thrown onto the ice by fans (especially if the player is on the home team). A natural hat trick is when a player scores three consecutive goals in a game.",open_qa Write a passage about how you learnt to ride the bike,,"It was a calm sunny evening when my dad pushed me to try the new bike he got me as my birthday gift. I was initially hesitant but agreed since I had seen other kids having a lot of fun in their bikes. I put on my helmet and sat on the bicycle as my dad pushed me from behind in our walkway. After a few minutes, I turned back and I didn't see my dad anymore. I tried balancing but fell down. My dad came running and said 'accidents happen but they help you get better'. So I kept on trying and at one point, I got the hang of it. Riding the bike was the best thing I had learnt until that point and I couldn't wait to ride it again!",creative_writing "From the text provided, give me a summary of the most popular attractions in Yosemite National Park.","Yosemite Valley represents only one percent of the park area, but this is where most visitors arrive and stay. The Tunnel View is the first view of the Valley for many visitors and is extensively photographed. El Capitan, a prominent granite cliff that looms over Yosemite Valley, is one of the most popular rock climbing destinations in the world because of its diverse range of climbing routes in addition to its year-round accessibility. Granite domes such as Sentinel Dome and Half Dome rise 3,000 and 4,800 feet (910 and 1,460 m), respectively, above the valley floor. The park contains dozens of other granite domes. The high country of Yosemite contains beautiful areas such as Tuolumne Meadows, Dana Meadows, the Clark Range, the Cathedral Range, and the Kuna Crest. The Sierra crest and the Pacific Crest Trail run through Yosemite, with peaks of red metamorphic rock, such as Mount Dana and Mount Gibbs, and granite peaks, such as Mount Conness. Mount Lyell is the highest point in the park, standing at 13,120 feet (4,000 m). The Lyell Glacier is the largest glacier in Yosemite National Park and is one of the few remaining in the Sierra Nevada. The park has three groves of ancient giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) trees; the Mariposa Grove (200 trees), the Tuolumne Grove (25 trees), and the Merced Grove (20 trees). This species grows larger in volume than any other and is one of the tallest and longest-lived. Water and ice The Merced River flowing through Yosemite Valley, a U-shaped valley The Tuolumne and Merced River systems originate along the crest of the Sierra Nevada in the park and have carved river canyons 3,000 to 4,000 feet (910 to 1,220 m) deep. The Tuolumne River drains the entire northern portion of the park, an area of approximately 680 square miles (1,800 km2). The Merced River begins in the park's southern peaks, primarily the Cathedral and Clark Ranges, and drains an area of approximately 511 square miles (1,320 km2). Hydrologic processes, including glaciation, flooding, and fluvial geomorphic response, have been fundamental in creating landforms in the park. The park also contains approximately 3,200 lakes (greater than 100 m2), two reservoirs, and 1,700 miles (2,700 km) of streams, all of which help form these two large watersheds. Wetlands in Yosemite occur in valley bottoms throughout the park, and are often hydrologically linked to nearby lakes and rivers through seasonal flooding and groundwater movement. Meadow habitats, distributed at elevations from 3,000 to 11,000 feet (910 to 3,350 m) in the park, are generally wetlands, as are the riparian habitats found on the banks of Yosemite's numerous streams and rivers. Bridalveil Fall flows from a U-shaped hanging valley that was created by a tributary glacier. Yosemite is famous for its high concentration of waterfalls in a small area. Numerous sheer drops, glacial steps and hanging valleys in the park provide many places for waterfalls to exist, especially during April, May, and June (the snowmelt season). Located in Yosemite Valley, the Yosemite Falls is the highest in North America at 2,425 feet (739 m). Also in Yosemite Valley is the much lower volume Ribbon Falls, which has the highest single vertical drop, 1,612 feet (491 m). Perhaps the most prominent of the Yosemite Valley waterfalls is Bridalveil Fall, which is the waterfall seen from the Tunnel View viewpoint at the east end of the Wawona Tunnel. Wapama Falls in Hetch Hetchy Valley is another notable waterfall. Hundreds of ephemeral waterfalls can become active in the park after heavy rains or melting snowpack. All glaciers in the park are relatively small glaciers that occupy areas that are in almost permanent shade, such as north- and northeast-facing cirques. Lyell Glacier is the largest glacier in Yosemite (the Palisades Glaciers are the largest in the Sierra Nevada) and covers 160 acres (65 ha). None of the Yosemite glaciers are a remnant of the Ice Age alpine glaciers responsible for sculpting the Yosemite landscape. Instead, they were formed during one of the neoglacial episodes that have occurred since the thawing of the Ice Age (such as the Little Ice Age). Many Yosemite glaciers, such as the Black Mountain Glacier that was discovered in 1871 and gone by the mid-1980s, have disappeared. Yosemite's final two glaciers – the Lyell and Maclure glaciers – have receded over the last 100 years and are expected by scientists to eventually disappear as a result of natural melting and climate change.","Although Yosemite National Park is perhaps best known for attractions located in the seven square mile Yosemite Valley, the park is quite large and contains popular attractions ranging from groves of giant sequoias, to glaciers and waterfalls, to dozens of granite domes. The granite domes in particular draw millions of visitors each year, with many attempting to climb them or watch others do so. Two of the most famous are El Capitan and Half Dome.",summarization When was the Memphis album released,"Memphis is the seventeenth album recorded by Roy Orbison, and his tenth for MGM Records. The album was released in November 1972. History The album took three weeks to make in March and April 1972. The album had one single, ""Memphis, Tennessee"", which became a minor hit in the US, charting at #84. Also included was a new, re-recorded version of Don Gibson's ""I Can't Stop Loving You"", which previously appeared on his 1960 album ""Lonely and Blue"". This was Orbison's final album that was released for London Records as Decca let Orbison out of their contract on June 30, 1972.","Memphis is the seventeenth album recorded by Roy Orbison, and his tenth for MGM Records. The album was released in November 1972. The album took three weeks to make in March and April 1972. The album had one single, ""Memphis, Tennessee"", which became a minor hit in the US, charting at #84. Also included was a new, re-recorded version of Don Gibson's ""I Can't Stop Loving You"", which previously appeared on his 1960 album ""Lonely and Blue"". This was Orbison's final album that was released for London Records as Decca let Orbison out of their contract on June 30, 1972.",summarization What is HDFS?,,"HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) is a distributed file system that handles large data sets running on commodity hardware. It is used to scale a single Apache Hadoop cluster to hundreds (and even thousands) of nodes. HDFS is one of the major components of Apache Hadoop, the others being MapReduce and YARN.",open_qa What content is popular on Tictok?,,"Tiktok hosts user-submitted videos so everyone can create their own content. It tends to appeal to younger users, as almost half of its users are between the ages of 16 and 24. When business see the user base, they starts marketing and creating high quality commercial contents. There are some content categories always drive thousands of clicks. First of all, the image of beauty, baby and beast presents the attractiveness factors which is related to human behavior. Secondly, exploration on beautiful scenery or Extreme Sports always make people think they are involved and also part of the adventure. Some other categories like knowledge transfer is always popular as people are eager to learn and getting information from others.",open_qa Which country has the largest population?,,"China and India seem to be competing for the title of ""the country with the largest population"". Currently the title is still with China with India expected to overtake soon. Both of these countries have population over 1.4 billion which is roughly 18% of the world population.",open_qa What year did World War 2 end?,,1945,open_qa Tell me about the RMS Adriatic,"RMS Adriatic was a British ocean liner of the White Star Line. She was the fourth of a quartet of ships of more than 20,000 GRT, dubbed The Big Four. The ship was the only one of the four which was never the world's largest ship. However, she was the largest, the fastest, and the most luxurious of the Big Four, being the first ocean liner to have an indoor swimming pool and a Turkish bath. She began her career on the brand new route from Southampton to New York before joining, from 1911, her sister ships on the secondary route from Liverpool. They were in fact slow liners intended to provide a service at moderate prices. When World War I broke out, the Adriatic was among the ships that continued their civilian transatlantic service, while carrying many provisions. In 1917, she was requisitioned and served as a troop transport. After the war, she was refitted several times, and was gradually used for cruises, which became her main services in the 1930s. When Cunard Line and White Star Line merged in 1934, she was quickly deemed unnecessary and sold at the end of the year. She was scrapped in Osaka in 1935.","The RMS Adriatic was a British ocean liner of the White Star Line. She was the fourth of a quartet of ships of more than 20,000 GRT, dubbed The Big Four. The ship was the only one of the four which was never the world's largest ship. However, she was the largest, the fastest, and the most luxurious of the Big Four, being the first ocean liner to have an indoor swimming pool and a Turkish bath.",summarization "What is an string instrument that is similar to a Violin, but larger in size and with a lower and deeper sound?","The viola (/viˈoʊlə/ vee-OH-lə, also UK: /vaɪˈoʊlə/ vy-OH-lə, Italian: [ˈvjɔːla, viˈɔːla]) is a string instrument that is bowed, plucked, or played with varying techniques. Slightly larger than a violin, it has a lower and deeper sound. Since the 18th century, it has been the middle or alto voice of the violin family, between the violin (which is tuned a perfect fifth above) and the cello (which is tuned an octave below). The strings from low to high are typically tuned to C3, G3, D4, and A4.",The instrument you are looking for is a Viola.,closed_qa What are five popular songs by the Grateful Dead?,,"Five of the Grateful Dead's most popular songs include: Sugar Magnolia, Casey Jones, Uncle John's Band, Truckin', and Friend of the Devil.",open_qa What is Twenty20 or T20 in cricket?,,"Twenty20 or T20 for short is a shortened version of the game of cricket in which each side faces a maximum of 20 overs. The game typically lasts about 4 hours with a quick turn between innings unlike other forms of the game, thus increasing its viewership and popularity. This format was introduced by the England Cricket Board in an inter-county competition back in 2003. Since then, its become really popular with several international competitions and country wide leagues across all the major cricket playing nations world wide",open_qa What is the most popular sport?,,"Soccer also known as football outside of USA is the most popular sport with over 3.5 billion fans. It consists of 11 players and maximum 5 substitutions during a 90 minutes regulation time allowed. The formation consists of a goalie, defense, midfield and offense. 191 countries represent a national soccer team which is more than any other nationally represented sport.",creative_writing "From the given text, list me details about parity plot","A parity plot is a scatterplot that compares a set of results from a computational model against benchmark data. Each point has coordinates (x, y), where x is a benchmark value and y is the corresponding value from the model. A line of the equation y = x, representing perfect model performance, is sometimes added as a reference. Where the model successfully reproduces a benchmark, that point will lie on the line. Parity plots are found in scientific papers and reports, when the author wishes to validate a model in a visual way. However, when the data have a wide range, the large scale makes important discrepancies invisible and the model appears better than it actually is. In that case, a plot of model errors [(y-x) vs. x] is better for evaluating the performance of the model.","1. A parity plot is a scatterplot that contrasts the output of a computer model with reference data. 2. Each point is identified by its coordinates (x, y), where x represents a benchmark value and y is the matching value from the model. 3. To serve as a reference, a line drawn from the equation y = x is occasionally included. Where the model accurately reproduces a benchmark, that point will fall on the line. 4. When an author wants to visually validate a model in a paper or report, parity plots are used. On the other hand, when the data span a wide range, the big scale obscures significant differences, giving the model the appearance of being better than it actually is. In that situation, a model error plot [(y-x) vs. x] is preferable for assessing the model's performance.",summarization Who is Kenny Ortega?,"Kenneth John Ortega (born April 18, 1950) is an American filmmaker, touring manager, and choreographer.","Kenneth John Ortega (born April 18, 1950) is an American filmmaker, touring manager, and choreographer. He is known for directing the films Newsies, Hocus Pocus, The Cheetah Girls 2, High School Musical, Michael Jackson's This Is It, Descendants, and Julie and the Phantoms. He also choreographed the films St. Elmo's Fire, Pretty in Pink, Ferris Bueller's Day Off, and Dirty Dancing; and directed multiple concert tours for Cher, Gloria Estefan, Miley Cyrus, and Michael Jackson. For his work, Ortega was honored with both a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and a Disney Legend Award in 2019.",summarization What is the fastest air-breathing manned aircraft?,As of 2023 the SR-71 holds the world record it set in 1976 as the fastest air-breathing manned aircraft.,As of 2023 the SR-71 is the fastest air-breathing manned aircraft. It can reach a maximum speed of Mach 3.3,closed_qa "Without quoting the text, explain to me why the One Mile telescope was built","In 1971, Sir Martin Ryle described why, in the late 1950s, radio astronomers at MRAO decided on the construction of the new One Mile telescope: ""Our object was twofold. First we wanted to extend the range of our observations far back in time to the earliest days of the Universe, and this required a large increase in both sensitivity and resolution. With greater resolution we hoped that we might be able to draw radio maps of individual radio sources with sufficient detail to give some indication of the physical processes which brought them into being.""","The One Mile Telescope was built in the late 1950s with the goal of observing the early days of the universe. The construction of the telescope allowed to get more detailed images, allowing a better understanding of the physical phenomena at work.",summarization "Without quoting directly from the text, give me a rundown of the greatest risks from attempting to climb K2.","K2, at 8,611 metres (28,251 ft) above sea level, is the second-highest mountain on Earth, after Mount Everest (at 8,849 metres (29,032 ft)). It lies in the Karakoram range, partially in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan-administered Kashmir and partially in a China-administered territory Trans-Karakoram Tract included in the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County of Xinjiang. K2 also became popularly known as the Savage Mountain after George Bell—a climber on the 1953 American expedition—told reporters, ""It's a savage mountain that tries to kill you."" Of the five highest mountains in the world, K2 is the deadliest; approximately one person dies on the mountain for every four who reach the summit. Also occasionally known as Mount Godwin-Austen, other nicknames for K2 are The King of Mountains and The Mountaineers' Mountain, as well as The Mountain of Mountains after prominent Italian climber Reinhold Messner titled his book about K2 the same. The summit was reached for the first time by the Italian climbers Lino Lacedelli and Achille Compagnoni, on the 1954 Italian expedition led by Ardito Desio. In January 2021, K2 became the final eight-thousander to be summited in the winter; the mountaineering feat was accomplished by a team of Nepalese climbers, led by Nirmal Purja and Mingma Gyalje Sherpa. K2 is the only 8,000+ metres (26,000+ ft) peak that has never been climbed from its eastern face. Ascents have almost always been made in July and August, which are typically the warmest times of the year; K2's more northern location makes it more susceptible to inclement and colder weather. The peak has now been climbed by almost all of its ridges. Although the summit of Everest is at a higher altitude, K2 is a more difficult and dangerous climb, due in part to its more inclement weather. As of February 2021, only 377 people have completed the ascent to its summit. There have been 91 deaths during attempted climbs. There are a number of routes on K2, of somewhat different character, but they all share some key difficulties, the first being the extremely high altitude and resulting lack of oxygen: there is only one-third as much oxygen available to a climber on the summit of K2 as there is at sea level. The second is the propensity of the mountain to experience extreme storms of several days duration, which have resulted in many of the deaths on the peak. The third is the steep, exposed, and committing nature of all routes on the mountain, which makes retreat more difficult, especially during a storm. Despite many attempts the first successful winter ascents occurred only in 2021. All major climbing routes lie on the Pakistani side.[citation needed] The base camp is also located on the Pakistani side.","Although not as well-known as Mount Everest, K2 is the second highest mountain on earth and is arguably the most dangerous to climb. In addition to the lack of oxygen experienced at such high altitudes, all routes to summit K2 are steep with significant exposure. This exposure, combined with the mountain's propensity to experience extreme storms lasting for days, make for a deadly combination. The extreme terrain and unpredictable weather leave little to no margin for error.",summarization write short essay on Neil Armstrong experience on moon,,"On July 20th, 1969, Neil Armstrong, an American astronaut, made history by becoming the first human to set foot on the Moon. As he stepped onto the lunar surface, he famously uttered the words, ""That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."" Armstrong's experience on the Moon was a momentous occasion that captured the world's attention. He spent just over two hours outside the spacecraft, collecting samples, conducting experiments, and taking photographs. He was joined by fellow astronaut Buzz Aldrin, who followed him out of the lunar module a short while later. Despite the excitement of the moment, Armstrong later described his time on the Moon as a serene and otherworldly experience. The Moon's surface was eerily quiet, with no atmosphere to carry sound. Armstrong described the sky as ""completely black,"" and the Earth as a ""magnificent, lonely"" sight in the distance. Armstrong's mission to the Moon was a triumph of human ingenuity and perseverance. It marked a new era in space exploration and cemented America's position as a leader in the field. His bravery and dedication to science continue to inspire generations of scientists and explorers to this day.",creative_writing what to ask when interviewing doulas?,,"Ask about their certifications, experiences, expectations, rates and contract details. Certifications and years of experience in either one specialization or full spectrums speak a lot about their credibility. You can poke into details by asking for a few examples of how they would handle specific situations. For example, for postpartum doulas, you can ask them how to take care of a newborn’s cord before it fully heals or how to help mothers suffers postpartum blues. You should also be able to get a certain level of understanding of their personalities and lifestyles through a 30 min interview. It is important to find someone who matches your expectation and is easy for you and your family to get along with. How much the doulas charge should be discussed during the interview. Make sure you reviewed the details of the contract before signing it. Towards the end of the interview, don’t forget to ask for 2 - 3 referrals from previous clients.",brainstorming What is the name of the curvy street in San Francisco?,,"Lombard Street in San Francisco is often referred to as the ""crookedest"" or most curvy street in the world.",open_qa Wha is the Dynamite!! 2010,"Dynamite!! 2010 was a mixed martial arts and kickboxing event in the annual New Year's Eve event promoted by Fighting and Entertainment Group that took place on December 31, 2010 at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan. The event included bouts that encompass the DREAM, K-1 and K-1 World MAX banners. Just as the previous Dynamite!! 2009, with the official commentator Nozomi Sasaki, the event aired on TBS in Japan and HDNet in North America. Background FEG president Tanikawa had stated that the company planned on holding an event together with Sengoku Raiden Championship and this event may have a similar DREAM vs SRC format as Dynamite!! 2009. However, this did not happen as SRC held its own event, World Victory Road Presents: Soul of Fight. Tanikawa has also stated that this Dynamite!! event will most likely be shortened (to around three hours) and the annual K-1 Koshien tournament will not take place at this event. The title fight between Bibiano Fernandes and Hiroyuki Takaya was the last in the 63 kg. (139 lbs) weight class before it gets broken into the standard MMA bantamweight and featherweight divisions. DREAM plans on holding a Grand Prix in whichever of the two weight classes the champion does not decide to fight in. After winning the title, Hiroyuki Takaya stated that he would become the Featherweight (145 lbs) Champion. The Aoki/Nagashima fight was first announced that there would be an alternate of four rounds, with one round under MMA rules and the next round, then they will change gloves and, fight under kickboxing rules. A coin toss will determine what rules they start under. However, it has later announced that the fight will feature one three-minute kickboxing round, followed by a standard five-minute MMA round. The fighters used open-fingered gloves throughout. If no winner were decided in the eight minutes of competition, the fight would have been declared an automatic draw. A fight between Bob Sapp and Shinichi Suzukawa in a super-heavyweight “IGF rules” bout was set to feature a rule set similar to MMA, but with no closed fist strikes. However, the fight was canceled due to Sapp attempting to re-negotiate his contract backstage prior to the event and eventually electing to withdraw from the contest.","The Dynamite!! 2010 was a mixed martial arts and kickboxing event in the annual New Year's Eve event promoted by Fighting and Entertainment Group that took place on December 31, 2010 at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan. The event included bouts that encompass the DREAM, K-1 and K-1 World MAX banners. Just as the previous Dynamite!! 2009, with the official commentator Nozomi Sasaki, the event aired on TBS in Japan and HDNet in North America.",summarization "From the given text, List me some important aspects of Gandhanahalli","As of 2001 India census, Gandhanahalli had a population of 5106 with 2585 males and 2521 females. Gandhanhalli is located 56 km from district headquarters Mysore. This village name came from a man who is only son of a widower. his name is Gandha (Shrigandha). Both living in a jungle lonely. Gandha is the brave man. The goddess Adishakti Shri Hunasamma is located in south. Behind Hunasamma temple there was another temple i.e. Shri Anjaneya Swami temple. there is special in this temple. Most temples in the world are east faced but Anjaneya temple is west faced","1. As per 2001 India census, Gandhali's total population is 5106 out of which there are 2585 males and 2521 are females. 2. It is 56 km far from Mysore city. 3. The place got its name from a man named Gandhabrave who is only son of a widower and lived together in jungle lonely. 4. In the south is located the temple of Goddess Adishakti Shri Hunasamma. 5. Behind the temple of Hunasamma is another temple 'Shri Anjaneya Swami temple' 6. The speciality about temple Shri Anjaneya Swami temple is that it faces west direction while most temples in the world are east faced",summarization What is behavioural economics?,,"A method of economic analysis that applies psychological insights into human behavior to explain economic decision-making. Behavioural economics, the application of psychological insights to economic theories and problems, has been growing in influence for decades.’ In short behavioural economics is a subset of the study of economics. It is a method of economic analysis that applies psychological insights into human behaviours to explain economic decision making.",open_qa What is Sci-fi fantasy?,"Science fantasy is a hybrid genre within speculative fiction that simultaneously draws upon or combines tropes and elements from both science fiction and fantasy. In a conventional science fiction story, the world is presented as being scientifically logical; while a conventional fantasy story contains mostly supernatural and artistic elements that disregard the scientific laws of the real world. The world of science fantasy, however, is laid out to be scientifically logical and often supplied with hard science–like explanations of any supernatural elements.",Sci-fi fantasy is a hybrid genre that combines tropes and elements from both science fiction and fantasy.,information_extraction "Given a reference text about Pablo Picasso, tell me when and where he was born, why he was famous, and what his most famous accomplishment was as a professional","Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and the anti-war painting Guernica (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during the Spanish Civil War. Born: Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso 25 October 1881 Málaga, Kingdom of Spain","Pablo Ruiz Picasso was born on 25 October 1881 in Málaga, Spain. He was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. He is one of the most famous and influential artists of the 20th century because he co-founded the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, co-invented collage, and he delveoped and explored a wide variety of other styles. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and the anti-war painting Guernica (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during the Spanish Civil War.",closed_qa "What does ""digital nomads"" mean?",,"Digital nomads are professionals who use technology and the internet to do their jobs while traveling and living a nomadic life. Digital nomads work remotely, instead of going to a company's office or headquarters.",open_qa what is hinduism,,"Hinduism is a diverse system of thought marked by a range of philosophies and shared concepts, rituals, cosmological systems, pilgrimage sites, and shared textual sources that discuss theology, metaphysics, mythology, Vedic yajna, yoga, agamic rituals, and temple building, among other topics. Prominent themes in Hindu beliefs include the four Puruṣārthas, the proper goals or aims of human life; namely, dharma (ethics/duties), artha (prosperity/work), kama (desires/passions) and moksha (liberation/freedom from the passions and the cycle of death and rebirth), as well as karma (action, intent and consequences) and saṃsāra (cycle of death and rebirth). Hinduism prescribes the eternal duties, such as honesty, refraining from injuring living beings (Ahiṃsā), patience, forbearance, self-restraint, virtue, and compassion, among others.[web 3] Hindu practices include worship (puja), fire rituals (homa/havan), recitations (pravachan), devotion (bhakti), chanting (japa), meditation (dhyāna), sacrifice (yajña), charity (dāna), selfless service (sevā), homage to one's ancestors (śrāddha), family-oriented rites of passage, annual festivals, and occasional pilgrimages (yatra). Along with the various practices associated with yoga, some Hindus leave their social world and material possessions and engage in lifelong Sannyasa (monasticism) in order to achieve moksha.",open_qa What is pleitropy?,,"Pleiotropy occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. Such a gene that exhibits multiple phenotypic expression is called a pleiotropic gene. Mutation in a pleiotropic gene may have an effect on several traits simultaneously, due to the gene coding for a product used by a myriad of cells or different targets that have the same signaling function. Pleiotropy can arise from several distinct but potentially overlapping mechanisms, such as gene pleiotropy, developmental pleiotropy, and selectional pleiotropy. Gene pleiotropy occurs when a gene product interacts with multiple other proteins or catalyzes multiple reactions. Developmental pleiotropy occurs when mutations have multiple effects on the resulting phenotype. Selectional pleiotropy occurs when the resulting phenotype has many effects on fitness (depending on factors such as age and gender). An example of pleiotropy is phenylketonuria, an inherited disorder that affects the level of phenylalanine, an amino acid that can be obtained from food, in the human body. Phenylketonuria causes this amino acid to increase in amount in the body, which can be very dangerous. The disease is caused by a defect in a single gene on chromosome 12 that codes for enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, that affects multiple systems, such as the nervous and integumentary system. Pleiotropic gene action can limit the rate of multivariate evolution when natural selection, sexual selection or artificial selection on one trait favors one allele, while selection on other traits favors a different allele. Some gene evolution is harmful to an organism. Genetic correlations and responses to selection most often exemplify pleiotropy.",open_qa is sales a great career,,yes,open_qa What is protein purification?,,"Protein purification is a series of processes intended to isolate one or a few proteins from a complex mixture, usually cells, tissues or whole organisms. Protein purification is vital for the specification of the function, structure and interactions of the protein of interest. The purification process may separate the protein and non-protein parts of the mixture, and finally separate the desired protein from all other proteins. Ideally, to study a protein of interest, it must be separated from other components of the cell so that contaminants won't interfere in the examination of the protein of interest's structure and function. Separation of one protein from all others is typically the most laborious aspect of protein purification. Separation steps usually exploit differences in protein size, physico-chemical properties, binding affinity and biological activity. The pure result may be termed protein isolate.",open_qa How big is the Tibetan plateau?,"Tibet (/tɪˈbɛt/ (listen); Tibetan: བོད་, Lhasa dialect: [pʰøː˨˧˩] Böd; Chinese: 西藏; pinyin: Xīzàng) is a region in Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about 2,500,000 km2 (970,000 sq mi). It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are some other ethnic groups such as the Monpa, Tamang, Qiang, Sherpa and Lhoba peoples and, since the 20th century, considerable numbers of Han Chinese and Hui settlers. Since the 1951 annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China, the entire plateau has been under the administration of the People's Republic of China. Tibet is divided administratively into the Tibet Autonomous Region, and parts of the Qinghai and Sichuan provinces.Tibet is the highest region on Earth, with an average elevation of 4,380 m (14,000 ft). Located in the Himalayas, the highest elevation in Tibet is Mount Everest, Earth's highest mountain, rising 8,848.86 m (29,032 ft) above sea level. The Tibetan Empire emerged in the 7th century. At its height in the 9th century, the Tibetan Empire extended far beyond the Tibetan Plateau, from the Tarim Basin and Pamirs in the west, to Yunnan and Bengal in the southeast. It then divided into a variety of territories. The bulk of western and central Tibet (Ü-Tsang) was often at least nominally unified under a series of Tibetan governments in Lhasa, Shigatse, or nearby locations. The eastern regions of Kham and Amdo often maintained a more decentralized indigenous political structure, being divided among a number of small principalities and tribal groups, while also often falling under Chinese rule; most of this area was eventually annexed into the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Qinghai. The current borders of Tibet were generally established in the 18th century.","The Tibetan Plateau spans about 2,500,000 km2",closed_qa How did Jon Rahm win the Farmers Insurance Open?,"In late January 2017, Rahm won the Farmers Insurance Open with a 60-foot eagle putt on the final hole to notch his maiden PGA Tour title. He jumped from 137th to 46th in the Official World Golf Ranking with the win, and also gained entry into the Masters Tournament, The Players Championship, the PGA Championship, and World Golf Championships events. On 2 March, Rahm played in his first World Golf Championships event at the WGC-Mexico Championship where he shot rounds of 67-70-67-68 (−12) to finish T3, two strokes behind winner Dustin Johnson.",a 60-foot eagle putt on the final hole,closed_qa "Write an friendly, convincing e-mail to my landlord asking whether I can get a dog.",,"Dear Sir/Madam, I hope this email finds you well. I'm reaching out with a request regarding the property I rent from you. I'm interested in getting myself a dog and I noticed there wasn't a clause in our rental agreement specifying if this was allowed or not so I would like to consult you about that. I work from home most days of the week and have a very laidback lifestyle, so I'm looking for a dog that can keep me company but also take me out of the house for walks. I'm looking into a small breed that is also calm and friendly - likely a french bulldog. They are easy to train and known for spending most of their day sleeping, this is also a very quiet breed that doesn't have a lot of complains of barking. Is that something you would permit? I am also happy to hop on a call or meet in person to discuss further in case you have any follow-up questions. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Kind regards",creative_writing "Given a reference text about the Eurovision Song Contest 1987, tell me where it took place, and how many countries participated.","The Eurovision Song Contest 1987 was the 32nd edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Brussels, Belgium, following the country's victory at the 1986 contest with the song ""J'aime la vie"" by Sandra Kim. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Radio-télévision belge de la Communauté française (RTBF), the contest was held at the Centenary Palace on 9 May 1987 (also Europe Day) and hosted by French-Belgian singer Viktor Lazlo. Twenty-two countries took part in the contest with Greece and Italy returning to the competition after their absences the previous year. This set the record for the highest number of competing countries up until that point. The winner was Ireland with the song ""Hold Me Now"" by Johnny Logan, who had also won the 1980 contest. He remains the only performer to have won the Eurovision Song Contest twice.","The Eurovision Song Contest 1987 took place in Brussels, Belgium and twenty-two countries participated.",closed_qa What are the four standard sizes of beds in the United States?,,"From smallest to largest, the four bed sizes are twin, full, queen, and king.",open_qa "I dont think I should pursue higher education. From the following, what are some pros and cons of getting a masters education? degree to show mastery of a subject Takes money Hard work is required Losing out on entrepreneurial opportunities by the time spent studying degree to show mastery of a subject skill development Time away from family Set you up for lifelong success respect in society",,"Pros: skill development respect in society degree to show mastery of a subject Set you up for lifelong success Cons: Takes money Hard work is required Time away from family Losing out on entrepreneurial opportunities by the time spent studying",classification Give me a summary about the company Nobo,"Nobo is a manufacturing company in Norway. It started as NOrsk BOttefabrikk (the Norwegian Bucket Factory) in Lade, Trondheim in 1918 - the name Nobo is a contraction of the original title. The factory originally produced only buckets, but later made several sheet iron products as well. It now manufactures desks, electric wall heaters and filing cabinets. The company developed and a new factory was built in Stjordal. Nobo then produced electric heating accessories only, which it is still doing today. In the 1990s the original Nobø factory was closed down and the area is now a housing estate of about 220 houses and flats, called Ingemann Torps Street or Nobø-tomta (Nobø-field). The area was planned by Heimdal Utbyggingsselskap and Pir II Architects.","Nobo is a manufacturing company in Norway. It started as NOrsk BOttefabrikk (the Norwegian Bucket Factory) in Lade, Trondheim in 1918 - the name Nobo is a contraction of the original title. The factory originally produced only buckets, but later made several sheet iron products as well. It now manufactures desks, electric wall heaters and filing cabinets. The company developed and a new factory was built in Stjordal. Nobo then produced electric heating accessories only, which it is still doing today. In the 1990s the original Nobo factory was closed down and the area is now a housing estate of about 220 houses and flats, called Ingemann Torps Street or Nobo-tomta (Nobo-field). The area was planned by Heimdal Utbyggingsselskap and Pir II Architects.",summarization What was the The Treaty of Tordesillas?,"In 1383, John I of Castile, husband of Beatrice of Portugal and son-in-law of Ferdinand I of Portugal, claimed the throne of Portugal. A faction of petty noblemen and commoners, led by John of Aviz (later King John I of Portugal) and commanded by General Nuno Álvares Pereira defeated the Castilians in the Battle of Aljubarrota. With this battle, the House of Aviz became the ruling house of Portugal. The new ruling dynasty would proceed to push Portugal to the limelight of European politics and culture, creating and sponsoring works of literature, like the Crónicas d'el Rei D. João I by Fernão Lopes, the first riding and hunting manual Livro da ensinança de bem cavalgar toda sela and O Leal Conselheiro both by King Edward of Portugal and the Portuguese translations of Cicero's De Oficiis and Seneca's De Beneficiis by the well traveled Prince Peter of Coimbra, as well as his magnum opus Tratado da Vertuosa Benfeytoria. In an effort of solidification and centralization of royal power the monarchs of this dynasty also ordered the compilation, organization and publication of the first three compilations of laws in Portugal: the Ordenações d'el Rei D. Duarte, which was never enforced; the Ordenações Afonsinas, whose application and enforcement was not uniform across the realm; and the Ordenações Manuelinas, which took advantage of the printing press to reach every corner of the kingdom. The Avis Dynasty also sponsored works of architecture like the Mosteiro da Batalha (literally, the Monastery of the Battle) and led to the creation of the manueline style of architecture in the 16th century. Portugal also spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King John I of Portugal, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering the Atlantic archipelagos the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde; explored the African coast; colonized selected areas of Africa; discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope; discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia; and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan. In 1415, Portugal acquired the first of its overseas colonies by conquering Ceuta, the first prosperous Islamic trade centre in North Africa. There followed the first discoveries in the Atlantic: Madeira and the Azores, which led to the first colonization movements. In 1422, by decree of King John I, Portugal officially abandoned the previous dating system, the Era of Caesar, and adopted the Anno Domini system, therefore becoming the last catholic realm to do so. Throughout the 15th century, Portuguese explorers sailed the coast of Africa, establishing trading posts for several common types of tradable commodities at the time, ranging from gold to slaves, as they looked for a route to India and its spices, which were coveted in Europe. The Treaty of Tordesillas, intended to resolve the dispute that had been created following the return of Christopher Columbus, was made by Pope Alexander VI, the mediator between Portugal and Spain. It was signed on 7 June 1494, and divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the two countries along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands (off the west coast of Africa). In 1498, Vasco da Gama accomplished what Columbus set out to do and became the first European to reach India by sea, bringing economic prosperity to Portugal and its population of 1.7 million residents, and helping to start the Portuguese Renaissance. In 1500, the Portuguese explorer Gaspar Corte-Real reached what is now Canada and founded the town of Portugal Cove-St. Philip's, Newfoundland and Labrador, long before the French and English in the 17th century, and being just one of many Portuguese colonizations of the Americas. In 1500, Pedro Álvares Cabral discovered Brazil and claimed it for Portugal. Ten years later, Afonso de Albuquerque conquered Goa in India, Muscat and Ormuz in the Persian Strait, and Malacca, now a state in Malaysia. Thus, the Portuguese empire held dominion over commerce in the Indian Ocean and South Atlantic. Portuguese sailors set out to reach Eastern Asia by sailing eastward from Europe, landing in such places as Taiwan, Japan, the island of Timor, and in the Moluccas. Although for a long period it was believed the Dutch were the first Europeans to arrive in Australia, there is also some evidence that the Portuguese may have discovered Australia in 1521. From 1519 to 1522, Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães) organized a Spanish expedition to the East Indies which resulted in the first circumnavigation of the globe. Magellan never made it back to Europe as he was killed by natives in the Philippines in 1521. The Treaty of Zaragoza, signed on 22 April 1529 between Portugal and Spain, specified the anti-meridian to the line of demarcation specified in the Treaty of Tordesillas. All these factors made Portugal one of the world's major economic, military, and political powers from the 15th century until the late 16th century.","After Christopher Columbus returned, a dispute arose between Portugal and Spain, which Pope Alexander VI mediated for the Treaty of Tordesillas. According to this joint treaty, the newly discovered lands beyond Europe are divided between the two countries along a meridian located 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands.",closed_qa To which countries have The Netherlands borders with.,"The Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland [ˈneːdərlɑnt] (listen)), informally Holland, is a country located in northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands consists of twelve provinces; it borders Germany to the east, and Belgium to the south, with a North Sea coastline to the north and west. It shares maritime borders with the United Kingdom, Germany and Belgium in the North Sea. The country's official language is Dutch, with West Frisian as a secondary official language in the province of Friesland. Dutch, English and Papiamento are official in the Caribbean territories. The four largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht. Amsterdam is the country's most populous city and the nominal capital. The Hague holds the seat of the States General, Cabinet and Supreme Court. The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe. Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands, and the third busiest in Europe. The Netherlands is a founding member of the European Union, Eurozone, G10, NATO, OECD, and WTO, as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union. It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts, many of which are centred in The Hague. Netherlands literally means ""lower countries"" in reference to its low elevation and flat topography, with nearly 26% falling below sea level. Most of the areas below sea level, known as polders, are the result of land reclamation that began in the 14th century. In the Republican period, which began in 1588, the Netherlands entered a unique era of political, economic, and cultural greatness, ranked among the most powerful and influential in Europe and the world; this period is known as the Dutch Golden Age. During this time, its trading companies, the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company, established colonies and trading posts all over the world. With a population of 17.8 million people, all living within a total area of 41,850 km2 (16,160 sq mi)—of which the land area is 33,500 km2 (12,900 sq mi)—the Netherlands is the 16th most densely populated country in the world and the second-most densely populated country in the European Union, with a density of 531 people per square kilometre (1,380 people/sq mi). Nevertheless, it is the world's second-largest exporter of food and agricultural products by value, owing to its fertile soil, mild climate, intensive agriculture, and inventiveness. The Netherlands has been a parliamentary constitutional monarchy with a unitary structure since 1848. The country has a tradition of pillarisation and a long record of social tolerance, having legalised abortion, prostitution and euthanasia, along with maintaining a liberal drug policy. The Netherlands allowed women's suffrage in 1919 and was the first country to legalise same-sex marriage in 2001. Its mixed-market advanced economy has the thirteenth-highest per capita income globally.","The Netherlands borders Germany to the east, and Belgium to the south, with a North Sea coastline to the north and west. It shares maritime borders with the United Kingdom, Germany and Belgium in the North Sea.",summarization What is IMPS?,,"Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) is an instant payment inter-bank electronic funds transfer system in India. IMPS offers an inter-bank electronic fund transfer service through mobile phones. The service is available 24x7 throughout the year including bank holidays. NEFT was also made available 24x7 from December 2019. RTGS was also made available 24x7 from 14th December 2020. It is managed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) and is built upon the existing National Financial Switch network. In 2010, the NPCI initially carried out a pilot for the mobile payment system with 4 member banks (State Bank of India, Bank of India, Union Bank of India and ICICI Bank), and expanded it to include Yes Bank, Axis Bank and HDFC Bank later that year. IMPS was publicly launched on 22 November 2010. Currently, there are 53 commercial banks, 101 Rural/District/Urban and cooperative banks, and 24 PPIi signed up for the IMPS service. Around 200 million IMPS transactions amounting to roughly US$20 billion of transaction amount happen every month in India. The sender requires to know the bank account number and the Indian Financial System Code of the beneficiary to transfer money.",open_qa How many times michael schumacher won the F1 championship ?,,7 times,brainstorming What is the Auburn Ski Club?,,"The Auburn Ski Club is a non-profit training center that owns and operates a lodge/locker room/gym as well as a Nordic ski course and biathlon range adjacent to Boreal Mountain Resort. The club runs alpine, Nordic, snowboard and biathlon training programs for youth athletes from beginner to expert level.",open_qa Who was Otto von Bismarck?,"Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (German: Otto Fürst von Bismarck, Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen, Herzog zu Lauenburg, pronounced [ˈɔtoː fɔn ˈbɪsmaʁk] (listen); 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), born Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck, was a Prussian and later German statesman and diplomat. From his origins in the upper class of Junker landowners, Bismarck rose rapidly in Prussian politics, and from 1862 to 1890 he was the minister president and foreign minister of Prussia. Before his rise to the executive, he was the Prussian ambassador to Russia and France and served in both houses of the Prussian parliament. He masterminded the unification of Germany in 1871 and served as the first chancellor of the German Empire until 1890, in which capacity he dominated European affairs. He had served as chancellor of the North German Confederation from 1867 to 1871, alongside his responsibilities in the Kingdom of Prussia. He cooperated with King Wilhelm I of Prussia to unify the various German states, a partnership that would last for the rest of Wilhelm's life. The King granted Bismarck the titles of Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen in 1865 and Prince of Bismarck in 1871. Bismarck provoked three short, decisive wars against Denmark, Austria, and France. Following the victory against Austria, he abolished the supranational German Confederation and instead formed the North German Confederation as the first German national state, aligning the smaller North German states behind Prussia, while excluding Austria. Receiving the support of the independent South German states in the Confederation's defeat of France, he formed the German Empire – which also excluded Austria – and united Germany.","Otto von Bismarck was a Prussian and German soldier, statesman and diplomat who was largely responsible for Prussian unification with German as well as securing and ensuring its position through diplomacy.",information_extraction What is a brown eared pheasant?,"The brown eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) is a large, 96– to 100-cm-long, dark brown pheasant endemic to the mountain forests of northeastern China (Shanxi and nearby provinces). The species was first described by Robert Swinhoe in 1863. It has stiff white ear coverts behind the eyes, which look like a moustache. The crown is black with red bare facial skin and its tail of 22 elongated, white feathers is curved, loose and dark-tipped. Both sexes are similar in plumage.","The brown eared pheasant is a large dark brown pheasant native to the mountain forests of northeastern China. It has distinctive white ear covert behind the eyes that look like a moustache. It's crown is black with red bare facial skin, and it has a tail with long, white, curve, loose, dark-tipped feathers.",summarization Please summarize what Thysanozoon nigropapillosum are,"Thysanozoon nigropapillosum is a species of polyclad flatworms belonging to the family Pseudocerotidae. Some common names include gold-speckled flatworm, marine flatworm, yellow papillae flatworm, yellow-spotted flatworm, and yellow-spotted polyclad flatworm.Thysanozoon nigropapillosum has a long body and broad shape. They grow up to 3 in (76 mm). The dorsal surface is deep black and covered with numerous yellow-tipped papillae varying in size. The ventral surface is dark brown. The outer margin of the body is slightly wavy and bordered in opaque white. They have small, ear-like pseudotentacles in the middle of the anterior end. They swim by propelling themselves through the water with a rhythmic undulating motion of the body.This species is widespread in the tropical Indo-Pacific.Thysanozoon nigropapillosum is quite common along the external reef in the shallow sub-tidal zone. It can swim by undulating and rhythmically contracting the body margins. It feeds on tunicates, using its mouth and large pharynx to engulf Didemnum spp., and later regurgitates food pellets containing the calcareous spicules present in their tunics. Polyclad flatworms are hermaphrodites, with each one of a pair of flatworms trying to inseminate the other. Transfer of sperm may be by hypodermic insemination, but this is made difficult in this species by the presence of the papillae, and dermal impregnation often occurs. This involves sperm entering the body directly after being placed in the marginal region of the skin. Such dermal insemination is facilitated by the fact that the flatworm has two penises which are strengthened by the presence of rhabdites, and these can grip the margin of the partner and keep hold, even while the recipient is swimming.World Database of Marine SpeciesSeaslugsWormsZipcodezooGwannonPhotos of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum on Sealife Collection","Thysanozoon nigropapillosum is a species of polyclad flatworms belonging to the family Pseudocerotidae. Thysanozoon nigropapillosum are commonly named as gold-speckled flatorm, marine flatworm, yellow paipllae flatworm, yellow spotted flatworm, and yellow spotty polyclad. They have a long body and broad shape, and can grow up to 3 inches (76mm). They are widespread in the Indo-Pacific, and feed on tunicates, and later regurgitates food pellets that contain calcareous spicules that are present in their tunics. The Polyclad flatworms are hermaphrodites, with each pair of flatworms attempt to inseminate each other.",summarization From the passage identify the shape of bottom of chemistry test tube. Display the results in comma separated format.,"Test tubes intended for general chemical work are usually made of glass, for its relative resistance to heat. Tubes made from expansion-resistant glasses, mostly borosilicate glass or fused quartz, can withstand high temperatures up to several hundred degrees Celsius.Chemistry tubes are available in a multitude of lengths and widths, typically from 10 to 20 mm wide and 50 to 200 mm long. The top often features a flared lip to aid pouring out the contents.A chemistry test tube typically has a flat bottom, a round bottom, or a conical bottom. Some test tubes are made to accept a ground glass stopper or a screw cap. They are often provided with a small ground glass or white glaze area near the top for labelling with a pencil.Test tubes are widely used by chemists to handle chemicals, especially for qualitative experiments and assays. Their spherical bottom and vertical sides reduce mass loss when pouring, make them easier to wash out, and allow convenient monitoring of the contents. The long, narrow neck of test tube slows down the spreading of gases to the environment.Test tubes are convenient containers for heating small amounts of liquids or solids with a Bunsen burner or alcohol burner. The tube is usually held by its neck with a clamp or tongs. By tilting the tube, the bottom can be heated to hundreds of degrees in the flame, while the neck remains relatively cool, possibly allowing vapours to condense on its walls. A boiling tube is a large test tube intended specifically for boiling liquids.A test tube filled with water and upturned into a water-filled beaker is often used to capture gases, e.g. in electrolysis demonstrations.A test tube with a stopper is often used for temporary storage of chemical or biological samples.","flat, round bottom, conical bottom",information_extraction Please give me the list of airports that are owned by Australia Pacific Airports Corporation.,"Australia Pacific Airports Corporation Limited (APAC) is an unlisted company and owner of two Australian airports: Melbourne Airport and Launceston Airport. Each airport is operated by an airport lessee company, in which APAC has a controlling interest: Australia Pacific Airports (Melbourne) Pty Ltd and Australia Pacific Airports (Launceston) Pty Ltd respectively.",Australia Pacific Airports Corporation Limited owns two airports in Australia called Launceston Airport and Melbourne Airport.,summarization "From the passage provided, extract the cost of building Taj Mahal","The Taj Mahal (/ˌtɑːdʒ məˈhɑːl, ˌtɑːʒ-/; lit. 'Crown of the Palace') is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the right bank of the river Yamuna in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was commissioned in 1631 by the fifth Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan (r. 1628–1658) to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal; it also houses the tomb of Shah Jahan himself. The tomb is the centrepiece of a 17-hectare (42-acre) complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall. Construction of the mausoleum was essentially completed in 1643, but work continued on other phases of the project for another 10 years. The Taj Mahal complex is believed to have been completed in its entirety in 1653 at a cost estimated at the time to be around ₹32 million, which in 2020 would be approximately ₹70 billion (about US $1 billion). The construction project employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by Ustad Ahmad Lahauri, the emperor’s court architect. Various types of symbolism have been employed in the Taj to reflect natural beauty and divinity. The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for being ""the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage"". It is regarded by many as the best example of Mughal architecture and a symbol of India's rich history. The Taj Mahal attracts more than 6 million visitors a year and in 2007, it was declared a winner of the New 7 Wonders of the World (2000–2007) initiative.","The Taj Mahal complex is believed to have been completed in its entirety in 1653 at a cost estimated at the time to be around ₹32 million, which in 2020 would be approximately ₹70 billion (about US $1 billion)",information_extraction Which nation placed its astronauts on the moon first?,,The United States won the race for a manned space mission to the moon.,open_qa Create a bulleted list of Hawking's accomplishments based on this passage.,"Hawking achieved commercial success with several works of popular science in which he discussed his theories and cosmology in general. His book A Brief History of Time appeared on the Sunday Times bestseller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks. Hawking was a Fellow of the Royal Society, a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2002, Hawking was ranked number 25 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. He died in 2018 at the age of 76, after living with motor neurone disease for more than 50 years. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hawking","-His book was a bestseller for 237 weeks, which was a record -He was a fellow of the Royal Society -He was a Pontifical Academy of Sciences lifetime member -He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom -He was 25 on the 100 Greatest Britons list put out by the BBC",summarization What is the official bird of the State of Hawaii?,"The nene (Branta sandvicensis), also known as the nēnē or the Hawaiian goose, is a species of bird endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. The nene is exclusively found in the wild on the islands of Oahu, Maui, Kauaʻi, Molokai, and Hawaiʻi. In 1957, it was designated as the official state bird of the state of Hawaiʻi.","The nene, also know as the Hawaiian goose is the official bird of the state of Hawaii.",information_extraction What is Attack on Titan?,"Attack on Titan (Japanese: 進撃の巨人, Hepburn: Shingeki no Kyojin, lit. 'The Advancing Giant') is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hajime Isayama. It is set in a world where humanity is forced to live in cities surrounded by three enormous walls that protect them from gigantic man-eating humanoids referred to as Titans; the story follows Eren Yeager, who vows to exterminate the Titans after they bring about the destruction of his hometown and the death of his mother. It was serialized in Kodansha's monthly magazine Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine from September 2009 to April 2021, with its chapters collected in 34 tankōbon volumes.","Attack on Titan is a manga and anime written by Hajime Isayama. The story follows a protagonist Eren Yeager who lives with his friends Armin and Mikasa within the three walls of humanity. Outside of these walls exist ferocious beings called Titans that eat humans. Eren watches his mother get consumed by Titans and vows revenge which kicks off the main story. The story has deep messages about war and genocide, and takes many unexpected turns.",summarization "Given this paragraph about mushroom growth, why is it related to the English language expression ""to mushroom""?","Many species of mushrooms seemingly appear overnight, growing or expanding rapidly. This phenomenon is the source of several common expressions in the English language including ""to mushroom"" or ""mushrooming"" (expanding rapidly in size or scope) and ""to pop up like a mushroom"" (to appear unexpectedly and quickly). In reality, all species of mushrooms take several days to form primordial mushroom fruit bodies, though they do expand rapidly by the absorption of fluids.","This is because many types of mushrooms exhibit rapid growth, seemingly overnight due to fluid absorption.",closed_qa What are the different recurring costs associated with homeownership apart from mortgage?,,"Apart from mortgage, first-time home owners will need to consider a variety of different costs that may catch them by surprise. Some of those are: - Home Insurance Costs: Tends to increase if the house is in a flood-prone or fire-hazard zones - PMI: Iff the homeowners have put down less than 20% down, then they will be subject to a Payment Mortgage Insurance(PMI), a monthly fees charged by the lending agency to cover their risk of default on the loan - Property Taxes: The property taxes vary by state and by county. So first-time home buyers will have to be aware of the rate of taxes in the locality they are buying the house in and plan their monthly escrow payments accordingly to cover the tax bill at the end of the year - Ongoing Maintenance and Upkeep: Depending on how old the house is and how it's maintained, plan to spend a few hundred dollars with regards to upkeep. Some could be fixed expenses like lawn mowing and upkeep services, water softenereinstallation and upkeep, water filtering systems, HVAC and so on. Although not common, it's good to plan for any eventualities",open_qa What are some ways to prepare for a new career?,,"There are many ways to prepare for a new career and it often depends on your starting point and your goal. That said, there are many general practices that can help to prepare for a new career: 1. Research - learn as much as you can about the new career or careers 2. Create a plan - create steps to help you organize your path from now to your new career 3. Interview - find and reach out to professionals who are in that career and ask them for advice 4. Job Postings - look up job postings for the career and note the requirements for the career. Look at entry level, mid-level and senior roles to get an understanding of the career path 5. Education - for some careers it may be helpful to have a related degree, accreditation, certification or simply a conversational understanding of the career 6. Experience - it is often helpful to have related experience to a career. First, think about your own experiences and how they could be of interest to potential hiring managers. If required, next think about any jobs you could take on as a step to getting closer to that career that would help in your next career search 7. Network - ask your contacts if they know of anyone looking to hire in that career that you could talk to about potential opportunities in the field or gather additional advice",brainstorming Give me a bullet point list of reasons to wear sunscreen,,"- To prevent sunburns - To reduce the risk of skin cancer - To lessen premature aging - To protect your skin",brainstorming What are the best ways to reduce my carbon footprint?,,"There are multiple ways individuals can lower their carbon footprint. Reducing energy and water usage is one way to make an impact, which can be done by switching to energy-efficient appliances, turning off lights when not in use, and taking shorter showers. Making changes to your transportation methods are another way to drastically reduce your emissions. Some ways to do this include carpooling, taking public transportation, biking and walking. Eating habits and diet are one other way to reduce your carbon footprint. Increasing consumption of plant-based foods and decreasing consumption of animal products such as meat, eggs, and dairy can make a significant impact. Examples of plant-based foods include fruits and vegetables, beans and lentils, seeds and nuts, whole grains and soy-based products.",open_qa What are the various methods to offer support for the improvement of the traditionally underprivileged sections of the society?,,"In many societies there are sections of people who are underprivileged. These people could be underprivileged because of several factors: ethnicity, religion, colour, language, nationality, gender, etc. The other people who do not come under the underprivileged section are the normal people. The underprivileged people suffer major struggles in their life over decades or sometime over centuries. On the social development indices such as literacy, life expectancy, incarceration, health conditions, etc.. the underprivileged people lag behind the normal people significantly. Examples of underprivileged people include the indigenous people in many countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Canada, USA and also the people of African descent in the USA. The people from the underprivileged communities have to brought into the mainstream and in order to achieve this objective, the required job and career opportunities have to be created. Education is a powerful tool to equip the people to gain the skills required to perform the roles. These people have been deprived of education for a long time and so the governments and the social leaders have to take the initiatives to extend education to the underprivileged. There has to be a concerted effort over a long time, some times for even 50 to 100 years, to improve the skill levels of the underprivileged people by focusing on education and training. The underprivileged people have to be empowered citizens of the society. In order to enable these people to overcome the handicap of the suppression they have suffered for a long time, leaders from these communities have to be involved in the decision making and governance forums in the society. As an example, in Indian Parliament around 24% of the seats are reserved only for people from the underprivileged sections to contest and get elected to become members of the parliament. Using this model to reserve seats for the. underprivileged in the governance bodies, we can provide opportunity for the underprivileged to participate in the governance and enact laws that will protect their interests. A combination of education and empowerment would go a long way in improving the life of the underprivileged people in the society.",creative_writing What the five love languages?,"According to Chapman, the five ""love languages"" are: words of affirmation (compliments), quality time, receiving gifts, acts of service, and physical touch. Examples are given from his counseling practice, as well as questions to help determine one's own love languages. According to Chapman's theory, each person has one primary and one secondary love language. Chapman suggests that to discover another person's love language, one must observe the way they express love to others, and analyze what they complain about most often and what they request from their significant other most often. He theorizes that people tend to naturally give love in the way that they prefer to receive love, and better communication between couples can be accomplished when one can demonstrate caring to the other person in the love language the recipient understands. An example would be: if a husband's love language is acts of service, he may be confused when he does the laundry and his wife does not perceive that as an act of love, viewing it as simply performing household duties, because the love language she comprehends is words of affirmation (verbal affirmation that he loves her). She may try to use what she values, words of affirmation, to express her love to him, which he would not value as much as she does. If she understands his love language and mows the lawn for him, he perceives it in his love language as an act of expressing her love for him; likewise, if he tells her he loves her, she values that as an act of love.","The five love languages include words of affirmation, quality time, receiving gifts, acts of service, and physical touch.",summarization What is a covalent bond?,,"A covalent bond is a bond where electrons are shared between atoms. An example of a covalent bond is H2O, or water.",open_qa What are ways to improve running speed?,,"There are several training methods to increase your race speed, they all play with tempo in different forms. Interval training is one way to increase running speed. In this form of training, you alternate between slow and fast tempos within a training session. You run through several repetitions alternating between fast running pace and trotting pauses. Depending on the target distance and speed, this training unit can be designed differently. A marathon runner goes through a different interval training as a 800 meter runner. Another way to train and increase the running speed are tempo runs. Here you run at a higher pace than the actual target pace. The intensity of the load is correspondingly high, the duration of the load and the distance is therefore shorter. Overall, however, it is important to remember that base training is just as important for increasing race speed as fast tempo sessions. With long runs, the appropriate foundations are laid in order to build them up with the previously mentioned speed units.",open_qa Extract the names of the companies that built the Pacific Railroad,"A transcontinental railroad in the United States is any continuous rail line connecting a location on the U.S. Pacific coast with one or more of the railroads of the nation's eastern trunk line rail systems operating between the Missouri or Mississippi Rivers and the U.S. Atlantic coast. The first concrete plan for a transcontinental railroad in the United States was presented to Congress by Asa Whitney in 1845. A series of transcontinental railroads built over the last third of the 19th century created a nationwide transportation network that united the country by rail. The first of these, the 3,103 km (1,928 mi) ""Pacific Railroad"", was built by the Central Pacific Railroad and Union Pacific Railroad to link the San Francisco Bay at Alameda, California, with the nation's existing eastern railroad network at Council Bluffs, Iowa/Omaha, Nebraska, thereby creating the world's first transcontinental railroad when it opened in 1869. Its construction was made possible by the US government under Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862, 1864, and 1867. Its original course was very close to current Interstate 80.","The ""Pacific Railroad"" was built by the Central Pacific Railroad and Union Pacific Railroad.",information_extraction In which Indian state is Banda Deul located in?,"Banda Deul is an 11th-century temple in Banda village (also called Deulghera) in the Raghunathpur II CD block in the Raghunathpur subdivision of the Purulia district in the Indian state of West Bengal. There is a temple at Banda, which is described by the Archaeological Society of India as a rekha deul of triratha variety in sandstone. “The temple is richly decorated, the themes being creepers, scroll work and stylised chaitya window.” The temple was built around the 11th century. The temple had a mandapa which has largely collapsed, However, eight pillars are still there supporting the cross beams. The temple has a water outlet with a makara (crocodile) head. According to the List of Monuments of National Importance in West Bengal the old temple at Banda is an ASI listed monument.",West Bengal,closed_qa How many dwarf planets are there in our solar system?,,"Currently only 5 objects are officially recognized as dwarf planets in our solar system. These are named as Ceres, Pluto, Eris, Haumea, and Makemake.",open_qa What is the plot of Yu-Gi-Oh?,"Yu-Gi-Oh! tells the tale of Yugi Mutou, a timid young boy who loves all sorts of games, but is often bullied around. One day, he solves an ancient puzzle known as the Millennium Puzzle (千年パズル, Sennen Pazuru), causing his body to play host to a mysterious spirit with the personality of a gambler. From that moment onwards, whenever Yugi or one of his friends is threatened by those with darkness in their hearts, this other Yugi shows himself and challenges them to dangerous Shadow Games (闇のゲーム, Yami no Gēmu, lit. ""Games of Darkness"") which reveal the true nature of someone's heart, the losers of these contests often being subjected to a dark punishment called a Penalty Game (罰ゲーム, Batsu Gēmu). Whether it be cards, dice, or role-playing board games, he will take on challenges from anyone, anywhere. As the series progresses, Yugi and his friends learn that this person inside of his puzzle is actually the spirit of a nameless Pharaoh from Ancient Egyptian times, who had lost his memories. As Yugi and his companions attempt to help the Pharaoh regain his memories, they find themselves going through many trials as they wager their lives facing off against gamers that wield the mysterious Millennium Items (千年アイテム, Sennen Aitemu) and the dark power of the Shadow Games.","Yu-Gi-Oh! is about a boy named Yugi Mutou who plays a card game called Yu-Gi-Oh! He solves the Millennium Puzzle so his body now hosts the spirit of a gambler as well, and takes on various challenges against enemies. Most often, the challenge is the Yu-Gi-Oh! card game but sometimes it will be alternate games such as dice or board games. As the show moves forward, Yugi and his friends discover the spirit is actually an Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh with amnesia so they try to help him regain his memories by facing additional challenges from gamers with Millennium items.",summarization What is the largest country in South America by land mass?,,Brasil is the largest country in South America by land mass.,open_qa Why do people fly on airplanes?,,"People fly on airplanes to go between places faster. Driving is an alternative to flying but when time is an issue flying is the quickest way to get to your destination. Flying is also necessary when you need to get to an island or another continent which is not attached to the continent where you live. Taking a boat may be too costly and long in some cases even if you don't like flying. Flying is used to take trips, visit family and friends, meeting new people, interacting with co-workers, and sight-seeing.",open_qa What is a synonym for something which is eco friendly?,,"Eco friendly items can also be described as being ""green""",open_qa What is a zamboni?,,"A zamboni is a machine that resurfaces ice rinks used for skating. They are used in recreational skating, professional skating, team skating, and even on olympic skating rinks. After the ice is resurfaced skating becomes easier and more safe because there is less risk for a trip hazard on the ice.",open_qa What is does the stars represent on the United States of America flag?,"The national flag of the United States of America (often referred to as the American flag, or the U.S. flag) consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton (referred to specifically as the ""union"") bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows, where rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternate with rows of five stars. The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 U.S. states, and the 13 stripes represent the thirteen British colonies that declared independence from Great Britain, and became the first states in the U.S. Nicknames for the flag include the Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, and the Star-Spangled Banner.",The 50 stars on the United States of America flag represent the 50 U.S. states.,closed_qa Who was Hitler's mistress?,,Eva Braun,open_qa What are the principles of Judo's philosophy called and what do they imply?,"Judo (Japanese: 柔道, Hepburn: Jūdō, lit. 'gentle way') is an unarmed modern Japanese martial art, Olympic sport (since 1964), and the most prominent form of jacket wrestling competed internationally. Judo was created in 1882 by Kanō Jigorō (嘉納 治五郎) as an eclectic martial art, distinguishing itself from its predecessors (primarily Tenjin Shinyo-ryu jujutsu and Kitō-ryū jujutsu) due to an emphasis on ""randori"" (乱取り, lit. 'free sparring') instead of ""kata"" (pre-arranged forms) alongside its removal of striking and weapon training elements. Judo rose to prominence for its dominance over established jujutsu schools in tournaments hosted by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department (警視庁武術大会, Keishicho Bujutsu Taikai), resulting in its adoption as the department's primary martial art. A judo practitioner is called a ""judoka"" (柔道家, jūdōka, lit. 'judo performer'), and the judo uniform is called ""judogi"" (柔道着, jūdōgi, lit. 'judo attire'). The objective of competitive judo is to throw an opponent, immobilize them with a pin, or force an opponent to submit with a joint lock or a choke. While strikes and use of weapons are included in some pre-arranged forms (kata), they are not frequently trained and are illegal in judo competition or free practice. Judo's international governing body is the International Judo Federation, and competitors compete in the international IJF professional circuit. Judo's philosophy revolves around two primary principles: ""Seiryoku-Zenyo"" (精力善用, lit. 'good use of energy') and ""Jita-Kyoei"" (自他共栄, lit. 'mutual welfare and benefit'). The philosophy and subsequent pedagogy developed for judo became the model for other modern Japanese martial arts that developed from koryū (古流, traditional schools). Judo also spawned a number of derivative martial arts around the world, such as Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Krav Maga, sambo, and ARB. Judo also influenced other combat styles such as close-quarters combat (CQC), mixed martial arts (MMA), shoot wrestling and submission wrestling.","There are two main principles. One is called ""Seiryoku-Zenyo"" which means good use of energy. The other one is called ""Jita-Kyoei"" and means mutual welfare and benefit.",summarization What is Free Cash Flow (FCF)?,,"Free Cash Flow (FCF) is a crucial metrics which analysts looks at to determine how efficiently a company generating cash. Simply put, it is the money or cash a company have left with after subtracting operating expenses (OpEx) and capital expenditures (CapEx). A positive cash flow indicates that company has cash to reinvest in its business for growth or reward the shareholders in form of dividends or stock buy backs.",open_qa "How can a drought impact food supplies, and what effect does this change have?",,"A drought can reduce the amount of crops that can be grown due to less water being available for the farms in an area. In turn, fewer crops lead to smaller harvests, which can lead to issues supplying food to the area. These can lead to high food prices, or in severe cases, this can lead to famines.",open_qa What's so great about St Martin?,,"St Martin is a Caribbean island that has so much to offer! A fun fact about the island is that it has a ""Dutch side"" and a ""French side."" On the Dutch side of the island, most people speak English. However, on the French side many speak French and also the labels on things in the grocery stores are in French. The fun part about it is, should you want to go from one side to the other, no passport required, you drive between the two like you would drive from one state to the other in the U.S. there is only a sign telling you you've entered the other side! Outside of this fun feature, there are beautitful beaches, great food, and an airport that allows you to get so close to the planes when they land you feel as though you could touch the bottom.",creative_writing What is the plot of Harry Potter?,,"The books concern a wizard called Harry Potter and his journey through Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The stories tell of him overcoming dangerous obstacles to defeat the Dark Wizard Lord Voldemort, who killed his parents when Harry was 15 months old.",open_qa Where did Riley Redgate sarted her first novel?,"Robinson was raised in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. She attended Richard J. Reynolds High School, where she began her first novel, Seven Ways We Lie. She is an alumna of Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio, where she majored in economics, graduating in 2016. Her debut novel was published before she graduated. While at Kenyon, Robinson won the college's James E. Michael Playwriting Award for her play Mourning Sickness. Robinson worked from Chicago as writing apprentice for the satirical media outlet The Onion. Her three novels are Seven Ways We Lie (2016), Note Worthy (2017), and Final Draft (2018), all published by Amulet, an imprint of Abrams Books. Robinson is bisexual, of half-Irish and half-Chinese descent, and the characters in her novels similarly lie ""in the middle of a spectrum rather than out at the ends"".",Riley Redgate started her first novel while attending Richard J. Reynolds High School.,summarization "Summarise from the given text, Why do people like pets?","Pets provide their owners, or guardians, both physical and emotional benefits. Walking a dog can provide both the human and the dog with exercise, fresh air, and social interaction. Pets can give companionship to people who are living alone or elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people. There is a medically approved class of therapy animals that are brought to visit confined humans, such as children in hospitals or elders in nursing homes. Pet therapy utilizes trained animals and handlers to achieve specific physical, social, cognitive, or emotional goals with patients.","1. Pets benefit their owners/guardians both physically and emotionally. 2. Talking a dog for a stroll helps both human and dog through physical exercise, inhaling fresh air and social interaction. 3. For people who live alone, aged people in nursery homes, children in hospitals etc who don't interact with other people, There is a class of medically approved therapy animals that are brought to visit to gain specific type of physical, social, cognitive, or emotional benefits",summarization What is a lawn mower?,"A lawn mower (also known as a mower, grass cutter or lawnmower) is a device utilizing one or more revolving blades (or a reel) to cut a grass surface to an even height. The height of the cut grass may be fixed by the design of the mower, but generally is adjustable by the operator, typically by a single master lever, or by a lever or nut and bolt on each of the machine's wheels. The blades may be powered by manual force, with wheels mechanically connected to the cutting blades so that when the mower is pushed forward, the blades spin or the machine may have a battery-powered or plug-in electric motor. The most common self-contained power source for lawn mowers is a small (typically one cylinder) internal combustion engine. Smaller mowers often lack any form of propulsion, requiring human power to move over a surface; ""walk-behind"" mowers are self-propelled, requiring a human only to walk behind and guide them. Larger lawn mowers are usually either self-propelled ""walk-behind"" types or more often, are ""ride-on"" mowers, equipped so the operator can ride on the mower and control it. A robotic lawn mower (""lawn-mowing bot"", ""mowbot"", etc.) is designed to operate either entirely on its own or less commonly by an operator by remote control.",A lawn mower is a machine that uses blades to cut grass to a desired height.,information_extraction What is kombucha made of?,,"Kombucha is a fermented drink made from tea, yeast, bacteria and sugar. It has grown in popularity, and some believe it has many health benefits.",creative_writing Who was Robert Ross Munro?,"Robert Ross Munro, OBE, OC (September 6, 1913 - June 21, 1990) was the Canadian Press's lead war correspondent in Europe in World War II. He covered a Canadian raid in Spitsbergen, the 1942 raid on Dieppe, the Allied landings in Sicily, the Italian campaign, D-Day and the campaign in Northwestern Europe. His memoirs of the campaigns, published as From Gauntlet to Overlord, won the Governor General's Award for English-language non-fiction in 1945. He later covered the Korean War, and after retiring as a war correspondent became publisher of the Vancouver Daily Province, the Winnipeg Tribune, and the Edmonton Journal. Munro was appointed OBE in 1946 and OC in 1975.","Robert Ross Munro was a twentieth century journalist and the Canadian Press's lead war correspondent in Europe during World War II. He covered numerous campaigns, from Spitsbergen, Dieppe, Sicily, Normandy, and the broader campaign in Northwestern Europe. After the war, Munro published his memoirs of the campaigns, titled ""From Gauntlet to Overlord,"" which won the Governor General's Award for English-language non-fiction in 1945. He also later covered the Korean War, before retiring from military correspondence to become publisher of several Canadian periodicals, including the Vancouver Daily Province, the Winnipeg Tribune, and the Edmonton Journal. Munro was honored for his work with an appointment to the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1946.",summarization How did Chiune Sugihara save lives?,"Chiune Sugihara (杉原 千畝, Sugihara Chiune, 1 January 1900 – 31 July 1986) was a Japanese diplomat who served as vice-consul for the Japanese Empire in Kaunas, Lithuania. During the Second World War, Sugihara helped thousands of Jews flee Europe by issuing transit visas to them so that they could travel through Japanese territory, risking his job and the lives of his family. The fleeing Jews were refugees from German-occupied Western Poland and Soviet-occupied Eastern Poland, as well as residents of Lithuania. In 1985, the State of Israel honored Sugihara as one of the Righteous Among the Nations for his actions. He is the only Japanese national to have been so honored. The year 2020 was ""The Year Chiune Sugihara"" in Lithuania. It has been estimated as many as 100,000 people alive today are the descendants of the recipients of Sugihara visas.","He issued transit visas to Jews fleeing Europe during World War II, so they could travel through Japanese territory.",information_extraction what is the Bieh State,"Bieh State (previously named Eastern Bieh State) was a state in South Sudan that existed between 2 October 2015 and 22 February 2020. It was located in the Greater Upper Nile region and it bordered Fangak to the west, Central Upper Nile to the north, Latjoor and Akobo to the east, and Jonglei to the south. History On 2 October 2015, President Salva Kiir issued a decree establishing 28 states in place of the 10 constitutionally established states. The decree established the new states largely along ethnic lines. A number of opposition parties and civil society groups challenged the constitutionality of the decree. Kiir later resolved to take it to parliament for approval as a constitutional amendment. In November the South Sudanese parliament empowered President Kiir to create new states.","Bieh State (previously named Eastern Bieh State) was in South Sudan between 2 October 2015 and 22 February 2020. It was located in the Greater Upper Nile region, bordering Fangak to the west, Central Upper Nile to the north, Latjoor and Akobo to the east, and Jonglei to the south. On 2 October 2015, President Salva Kiir issued a decree establishing 28 states instead of the ten constitutionally established states. The legislation established the new states primarily along ethnic lines.",information_extraction "Which of the following are characters from Harry Potter: Hermione Granger, Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, Dobby, Draco Malfoy, Severus Snape, Professor Dumbledore, Luna Lovegood, Indiana Jones, Darth Vader, Jack Sparrow, Terminator, Batman, Superman, Joker, Gollum.",,"Hermione Granger, Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, Dobby, Draco Malfoy, Severus Snape, Professor Dumbledore, Luna Lovegood are from Harry Potter.",classification What is a block chain?,,"A block chain is in the most basic terms a ledger that is used for recording transactions in a network. Some of the most popular block chains are etheryum, and bitcoin. The idea when you purchase cryptocurrency is you make a new transaction in the blockchain and your transaction gets a copy of every single transaction prior to yours from the general ledger. Everything is trackable this way and every token can be accounted for. Nothing will ever get lost.",open_qa What characteristics of the blue oak enable it to survive long periods of drought?,"Quercus douglasii, known as blue oak, is a species of oak endemic to California, common in the Coast Ranges and the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. It is California's most drought-tolerant deciduous oak, and is a dominant species in the blue oak woodland ecosystem. It is occasionally known as mountain oak and iron oak. Quercus douglasii is the most drought-tolerant of California's deciduous oaks. It has a smaller canopy than less drought-tolerant relatives, and invests proportionally more growth into roots rather than leaves throughout its life cycle. The leathery blue-green leaves contribute to its drought resistance; during drought, the leaf color is more pronounced. Trees can also drop their leaves in summer rather than fall in dry years, but usually continue to develop their acorns through the fall. Drought may cause trees not to flower in spring. Native Californians commonly gathered Quercus douglasii acorns, which they considered good-tasting, and processed them into acorn flour. They made baskets out of blue oak seedlings, utensils such as bowls from the wood, and dye from the acorns. Commercially, the blue oak is mainly limited to use as firewood. The acorns are eaten by wildlife and livestock. They can be eaten but, if bitter, may need to have the tannins leached.",The blue oak is a deciduous oak native to California. It tolerates drought better than other oaks due its smaller canopy. This oak invests more in developing its root system rather than leaves. This enables it to tolerate long periods of drought.,information_extraction Think of a number of different ways you can get around Sydney.,,"There are a number of modes of transport in Sydney. Sydney has a public transport network with trains and buses. There are also car share, taxi services, electric bikes and e-scooters that can be hired through mobile applications, and you can always walk between places if they are not too far apart.",brainstorming Who was Lester Menke,"Lester D. Menke (December 16, 1918 – March 5, 2016) was a state Representative from the Iowa's 5th and 7th Districts. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1973 to 1985, serving as Speaker pro Tempore from 1981 to 1985. After he served in the Iowa House, Menke served as a liaison between Governor Terry Branstad and the legislature for two years. Menke has a B.A. from Morningside College, where he later served as a member of the board of directors, and attended The University of Iowa College of Law for one year. He worked as a farm owner and for an insurance agency. He served on various school boards and served as president of the Iowa Association of School Boards and State Board of Public Instruction and as director of the National Association of State Boards of Education, as well as serving on the Iowa Educational Radio and Television Facilities Board. Menke received Morningside College's Distinguished Alumni award in 1975.","Lester D. Menke (December 16, 1918 – March 5, 2016) was a state Representative from the Iowa's 5th and 7th Districts. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1973 to 1985, serving as Speaker pro Tempore from 1981 to 1985. After he served in the Iowa House, Menke served as a liaison between Governor Terry Branstad and the legislature for two years. Menke has a B.A. from Morningside College, where he later served as a member of the board of directors, and attended The University of Iowa College of Law for one year. He worked as a farm owner and for an insurance agency. He served on various school boards and served as president of the Iowa Association of School Boards and State Board of Public Instruction and as director of the National Association of State Boards of Education, as well as serving on the Iowa Educational Radio and Television Facilities Board. Menke received Morningside College's Distinguished Alumni award in 1975.",closed_qa Extract what countries border Greece based on the below text and separate them with a comma,"Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Sea of Crete and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin, featuring thousands of islands. The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions, and has a population of approximately 10.5 million. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki and Patras.","Albania, North Macedonia, Bulgaria and Turkey",information_extraction When did World War II begin?,,"World War II began on September 1st, 1939 when Hitler invaded Poland.",open_qa Who are the main songwriters for the Grateful Dead?,,"The main song writers for the Grateful Dead were Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir, Phil Lesh, Robert Hunter, and John Perry Barlow. Typically, Jerry Garcia and Robert Hunter worked on songs together, and Bob Weir and John Perry Barlow worked together. A lot of song credits are credited as Garcia/Hunter, or Weir/Barlow.",open_qa Tell me about the 1999 UEFA champions league final?,"The 1999 UEFA Champions League final was an association football match between Manchester United of England and Bayern Munich of Germany, played at Camp Nou in Barcelona, Spain, on 26 May 1999, to determine the winner of the 1998–99 UEFA Champions League. Injury time goals from Manchester United's Teddy Sheringham and Ole Gunnar Solskjær cancelled out Mario Basler's early goal for Bayern to give Manchester United a 2–1 win. Referee Pierluigi Collina has cited this match as one of the most memorable of his career, and described the noise from the crowd at the end of the game as being like a ""lion's roar"". The two sides had played each other earlier in the competition, having both been drawn in Group D in the group stage; Bayern won the group, while Manchester United qualified for the knockout phase as one of the two best runners-up across all six groups. After beating Inter Milan in the quarter-finals, Manchester United beat another Italian side, Juventus, in the semis to reach the final; meanwhile, Bayern beat fellow Germans Kaiserslautern in the quarter-finals, before overcoming Ukrainian side Dynamo Kyiv in the semis. The victory completed a treble-winning season for Manchester United, after they had won the Premier League and FA Cup. Bayern were also playing for a treble, having won the Bundesliga and reached the DFB-Pokal final, although they went on to lose that match as well.","The 1999 Champions league final was won by Manchester United in dramatic fashion when they scored two goals in injury time. Teddy Sheringham and Ole Solskjaer scored late on for United after they'd conceded a goal early in the first half. The victory gave manchester United the ""treble"" and is considered one of the greatest achievements in the history of club football.",closed_qa Which bird lays the largest egg?,,Ostrich,open_qa What is rain good for?,,"Rain comes from the sky by ocean and land water evaporating into the clouds. When these nimbus clouds move to land, and the the rain in them is gets too heavy the rain will fall to the ground. Rain is needed for humans, animals, and plants. Purified rain water helps humans to stay hydrated, animals to grow, and plants to grow to make food for humans and animals. Rain also helps with cleaning out pollution from the air because pollution particles stick to the rain and then it falls to the ground.",open_qa How long should a child's carseat remain rear facing?,,"Extended rear facing until the child reaches the maximum height or weight limits of the carseat is the safest option. When a child is sitting forward facing in a frontal collision a large amount of force is exerted onto the head, neck and shoulders leading to serious injury like paralysis or death. If the child is sitting rear facing during a collision, the force is spread over a greater area of the body with less pressure on the neck, head, and inner organs. Children should sit rear facing as long as possible, in case of collision it reduces the risk of serious injury or death by more than 90%. You should consult your car seat's manual to determine the maximum height and weight restrictions.",creative_writing "Given these paragraphs about Large language models, what popular neural network architecture architecture are they based on?","A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks. Properties Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design. Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to ""memorize"" a great quantity of facts during training. Hallucinations Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence) In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a ""hallucination"" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data. Emergent abilities On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities. Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called ""emergent abilities"". Researchers note that such abilities ""cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models"". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs. Architecture and training Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or ""filling in the blanks"", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus. The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens. LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million. A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters). Application to downstream tasks Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via ""prompting"" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions. Fine-tuning Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning) Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be ""frozen"", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen). Prompting See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing) In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In ""few-shot prompting"", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows: Review: This movie stinks. Sentiment: negative Review: This movie is fantastic! Sentiment: If the model outputs ""positive"", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be ""The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is"". Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering. Instruction tuning Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt ""Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet."" might provide a completion such as ""A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17."" In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, ""self-instruct"", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model",The Transformer architecture.,closed_qa What are the benefits of division of labour?,"The division of labour is the separation of the tasks in any economic system or organization so that participants may specialize (specialization). Individuals, organizations, and nations are endowed with or acquire specialized capabilities, and either form combinations or trade to take advantage of the capabilities of others in addition to their own. Specialized capabilities may include equipment or natural resources as well as skills. Training and combinations of equipment and other assets acting together are often important. For example, an individual may specialize by acquiring tools and the skills to use them effectively just as an organization may specialize by acquiring specialized equipment and hiring or training skilled operators. The division of labour is the motive for trade and the source of economic interdependence. Historically, an increasing division of labour is associated with the growth of total output and trade, the rise of capitalism, and the increasing complexity of industrialized processes. The concept and implementation of division of labour has been observed in ancient Sumerian (Mesopotamian) culture, where assignment of jobs in some cities coincided with an increase in trade and economic interdependence. Division of labour generally also increases both producer and individual worker productivity. After the Neolithic Revolution, pastoralism and agriculture led to more reliable and abundant food supplies, which increased the population and led to specialization of labour, including new classes of artisans, warriors, and the development of elites. This specialization was furthered by the process of industrialization, and Industrial Revolution-era factories. Accordingly, many classical economists as well as some mechanical engineers, such as Charles Babbage, were proponents of division of labour. Also, having workers perform single or limited tasks eliminated the long training period required to train craftsmen, who were replaced with less-paid but more productive unskilled workers.","In general the following benefits are associated with increasing division of labour: - increase in total trade - increase in total output - an increase in market activity - increased specialization - increasing complexity of industrialized processes",summarization Which university has Purdue Pete as their mascot?,"Purdue Pete is a mascot of Purdue University. Despite his on-field presence at Purdue sporting events, Pete is only the athletic mascot of the university, and the official mascot of Purdue University is the Boilermaker Special.",The university that has Purdue Pete as their mascot is Purdue University.,summarization What is a planet ?,,"The International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined in August 2006, that a planet in the Solar system is a celestial body that : - orbits the Sun (the host star of the Solar system), - has enough mass to assume a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape, - is big enough that its gravity cleared away any other similarly-sized objects near its orbit around the Sun.",open_qa What is an Exchange Traded Fund (ETF),,"Its a collection of assets that trades on an exchange. They can include shares, bonds, commodities and currencies.",open_qa How many types of cat does the world cat federation recognise?,"As of 2023, The International Cat Association (TICA) recognizes 73 standardized breeds, the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) recognizes 45, the Fédération Internationale Féline (FIFe) recognizes 50, the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) recognizes 45, and the World Cat Federation (WCF) recognizes 69.",69,closed_qa What is Hadoop?,,"The Apache Hadoop software library is a framework that allows for the distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of computers using simple programming models. It is designed to scale up from single servers to thousands of machines, each offering local computation and storage.",open_qa What is React?,,React is a JavaScript library that specializes in helping developers build user interfaces.,open_qa "Name the place in New Zealand, where a volcano erupted?",,Whakaari (also known as White Island),open_qa Which is the well-known sport in India?,,"while India as a country has followers for many sports, Cricket has been the most popular game of all time. In recent times there has been a great following for Football however the popularity is still with Cricket",open_qa How do you get good at a hobby?,,"You can get good at a hobby with a lot of practice. Some hobbies that require a lot of practice to get good are gymnastics, swimming, sports, and running. The practice required for to become skilled at these hobbies is done through drills and repetition. This creates the muscle memory needed to perform at the highest levels. The practice also changes the body and increases your cardiovascular's system to handle high stress loads on the body with ease in the presence of less oxygen and high physical intensity.",open_qa What is the source or cause of the Sun’s light?,,Much like other stars the Sun is powered by nuclear reactions. The process of nuclear fusion takes place in the Sun’s core. The intense pressure and temperature at the core causes nuclear fusion - in this case hydrogen atoms fusing to create helium this process releases energy. The energy is emitted as gamma rays which travel slowly from the Sun’s core to the outer region. During the rise to the surface gamma rays collide with electrons degrading in temperature and energy to finally emerge as visible radiation - this is the light Sun produces.,open_qa how do I learn flute?,,"Flute is a musical instrument. It requires a lot of practices to play it well. Here are a few ways: find a good teacher that has rich experience about how to gradually play with it and follow instructions find materials online about different people's learning schedule and experiences practice a lot. practice makes perfect. and continuous practice is more important Also another important thing is to love it and enjoy the learning experience. It creates the intrinsic motivation which is more important.",brainstorming "Based on the paragraph given, list down some important points regarding Bhopal city","Bhopal (/boʊˈpɑːl/; Hindi: [bʱoːpaːl] ( listen)) is the capital city of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of both Bhopal district and Bhopal division. It is known as the City of Lakes due to its various natural and artificial lakes. It is also one of the greenest cities in India. It is the 16th largest city in India and 131st in the world. After the formation of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal was part of the Sehore district. It was bifurcated in 1972 and a new district, Bhopal, was formed. Flourishing around 1707, the city was the capital of the former Bhopal State, a princely state of the British ruled by the Nawabs of Bhopal. Numerous heritage structures from this period include the Taj-ul-Masajid and Taj Mahal palace. In 1984, the city was struck by the Bhopal disaster, one of the worst industrial disasters in history","1. Bhopal is the capital city of Madhya Pradesh in India, and the administrative headquarters of both Bhopal district and Bhopal division. 2. Bhopal is also known as “The city of lakes” . It is also the 16th largest city in India and 131st in the world. 3. Bhopal was formed as a new district from existing Sehore district in 1972. 4. In 1707 Bhopal was the capital of the former Bhopal State, which British ruled by the Nawabs of Bhopal. 5. Bhopal has Numerous heritage structures from 1700’s include the Taj-ul-Masjid and Taj Mahal palace. 6. One of the worst industrial disasters in history happened in 1984 in Bhopal , also known as Bhopal Disaster.",summarization Where was Ostad Elahi born and who was his father,"Elahi was born in Jeyhunabad, a small Kurdish village near the eponymous capital of Kermanshah Province. His father, Hajj Nematollah (1871–1920), was a mystic and poet who was a leader of the Ahl-e Haqq and revered as a saint. From early childhood, he led an ascetic, secluded life of rigorous discipline under his father's supervision with a special focus on mysticism, music, and ethics. In addition to religious and moral instruction, he received the classical education of the time. During study and contemplation in his youth, he established the basis of his philosophical and spiritual reflections.","He was born in Jeyhunabad, a small Kurdish village and his father was Hajj Nematollah, a mystic and poet and a leader of Ahl-e Haqq",closed_qa What was the primary mode of transportation across the San Francisco bay prior to the Golden Gate Bridge?,"Before the bridge was built, the only practical short route between San Francisco and what is now Marin County was by boat across a section of San Francisco Bay. A ferry service began as early as 1820, with a regularly scheduled service beginning in the 1840s for the purpose of transporting water to San Francisco. The Sausalito Land and Ferry Company service, launched in 1867, eventually became the Golden Gate Ferry Company, a Southern Pacific Railroad subsidiary, the largest ferry operation in the world by the late 1920s. Once for railroad passengers and customers only, Southern Pacific's automobile ferries became very profitable and important to the regional economy. The ferry crossing between the Hyde Street Pier in San Francisco and Sausalito Ferry Terminal in Marin County took approximately 20 minutes and cost $1.00 per vehicle,[when?] a price later reduced to compete with the new bridge. The trip from the San Francisco Ferry Building took 27 minutes.","The only (practical) way to get across the San Francisco Bay prior to 1937 was by Ferry. The Golden Gate Ferry Company, which became the largest ferry operation by the late 1920's, was established in 1867 as the Sausalito Land & Ferry Company. The ferry would take approximately 20 minutes and cost $1.00 per vehicle.",summarization What was the Underground Railroad?,"The Underground Railroad was a network of clandestine routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early- to the mid-19th century. It was used by enslaved African Americans primarily to escape into free states and Canada. The network was assisted by abolitionists and others sympathetic to the cause of the escapees. The enslaved persons who risked escape and those who aided them are also collectively referred to as the ""Underground Railroad"". Various other routes led to Mexico, where slavery had been abolished, and to islands in the Caribbean that were not part of the slave trade. An earlier escape route running south toward Florida, then a Spanish possession (except 1763–1783), existed from the late 17th century until approximately 1790. However, the network now generally known as the Underground Railroad began in the late 18th century. It ran north and grew steadily until the Emancipation Proclamation was signed by President Abraham Lincoln. One estimate suggests that by 1850, approximately 100,000 enslaved people had escaped to freedom via the network","The Underground Railroad was a secret network of routes and safe houses in the United States established in the early 19th century that led to free states, Canada, Mexico and other overseas areas. Black slaves used the Underground Railroad to escape from slavery. It is estimated that by 1850, about 100,000 slaves had escaped to freedom by the ""Railroad"".",closed_qa "Write a paragraph about the best things to do while vacationing in Palm Springs, California.",,"Palm Springs, California is a popular vacation destination for visitors from all over the world. It features a vibrant downtown shopping district and many opportunities for exploring the Sonoran Desert desert habitat. Visitors can enjoy a wide range of restaurant fare and many exciting attractions. The city is well known for its annual Modernism Week, when the city is packed with visitors touring the city's remarkable collection of mid-century modern homes and buildings. Throughout the surrounding Coachella Valley, visitors also have many options for golf, hiking, biking, and horseback riding. The city is surrounded by national parks and landmarks, and is about an hour's drive from one of the nation's most popular parks: Joshua Tree National Park.",creative_writing What colors are on the United States of America flag?,,"Red, white, blue",open_qa Which is a species of fish? Perch or Purge,,Perch,classification "If you could change one thing about this world, what would it be and why?",,"Assuming I could change just one thing in this world, it would be for all of humankind to develop greater empathy and selflessness. I do believe it could be the start of so much good at all levels - it would help nations, societies and people to focus on their own and others' happiness --- and make decisions that focus on the larger good. Many of the troubles ailing us as nations would disappear if we just saw the other side and put ourselves in their shoes. Societies would heal if artificially created differences were done away with. And families and relationships would benefit from a better understanding of the other side's point of view. In this utopian world filled with empathy and selflessness, no human would die of hunger, no mother would lose her child due to lack of medical facilities and no human would die of self harm because they were not ""normal"" or a part of the mainstream. What saddens me, however, is that this is such an easy thing for everyone to do. If we all just did 1 (or 10) good deed a day, this world would be a better place already. The miracle isn't anywhere else, it is within us.",creative_writing What is Terraform?,,"Terraform is an infrastructure as code tool that lets you build/deploy, change, and version cloud and on-prem resources safely and efficiently.",open_qa What's the Moroccan infrastructure ?,"According to the Global Competitiveness Report of 2019, Morocco Ranked 32nd in the world in terms of Roads, 16th in Sea, 45th in Air and 64th in Railways. This gives Morocco the best infrastructure rankings in the African continent. Modern infrastructure development, such as ports, airports, and rail links, is a top government priority. To meet the growing domestic demand, the Moroccan government invested more than $15 billion from 2010 to 2015 in upgrading its basic infrastructure. Morocco has one of the best road systems on the continent. Over the past 20 years, the government has built approximately 1770 kilometers of modern roads, connecting most major cities via toll expressways. The Moroccan Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Logistics, and Water aims to build an additional 3380 kilometers of expressway and 2100 kilometers of highway by 2030, at an expected cost of $9.6 billion. It focuses on linking the southern provinces, notably the cities of Laayoune and Dakhla to the rest of Morocco. In 2014, Morocco began the construction of the first high-speed railway system in Africa linking the cities of Tangiers and Casablanca. It was inaugurated in 2018 by the King following over a decade of planning and construction by Moroccan national railway company ONCF. It is the first phase of what is planned to eventually be a 1,500 kilometeres (930 mi) high-speed rail network in Morocco. An extension of the line to Marrakesh is already being planned. Morocco also has the largest port in Africa and the Mediterranean called Tanger-Med, which is ranked the 18th in the world with a handling capacity of over 9 million containers. It is situated in the Tangiers free economic zone and serves as a logistics hub for Africa and the world.","Morocco has the best infrastructure in Africa.Morocco is ranked 32 in the world in terms of Roads, 16th in Sea , 45th in Air and 64 in Railways. A High-speed railway system was inaugurated in 2018. It's linking the cities of Tangiers and Casablanca. An extension of the line is already planned. Morocco has also the largest port in Africa called Tanger Med. It's ranked 18th in the world.",summarization "Given this paragraph about marathon, what is the distance covered in kilometres and what are the most common ways to complete one?","The marathon is a long-distance foot race with a distance of 42.195 km (26 mi 385 yd), usually run as a road race, but the distance can be covered on trail routes. The marathon can be completed by running or with a run/walk strategy. There are also wheelchair divisions. More than 800 marathons are held throughout the world each year, with the vast majority of competitors being recreational athletes, as larger marathons can have tens of thousands of participants.","The distance covered in a marathon is 42.195 kilometers and it can be completed by running and walking combined, though there are also possibilities for wheelchair participants.",closed_qa What is Mr. Burn's assistant name on the Simpsons?,,Smithers,open_qa Office of War Information?,,Franklin D Roosevelt create the Office of War information in 1942. It helped centralize and govern everything involved with the war effort.,open_qa What are some ways to care for a new tree,,"There are many ways to care for a young tree to ensure its future health and success. Some ways you may want to care for a young tree include: - Frequent watering. The amount of water and frequency will vary depending on the tree and climate but frequent, deep watering is essential for early development. - Nutrients. Fertilizers may aid in the early stages. Be sure to read the manufacturers label and instructions before application. - Mulch. Applying mulch to the base of the tree aids in weeds suppression and moisture retention. - Remove nearby weeds/plants. Weeds and plants can provide competition to your tree for important resources. Remove any near the root system of your tree. These are just some ways you can ensure a healthy start to your tree!",brainstorming What is man's best friend?,,"Man's best friends usually refers to a dog or it is a way to refer to a domestic dog. This phrase refers to many traits that dogs exhibit such as: loyalty, companionship, and friendship. They never stop loving, and do not have an ability to feel hate or show hate as people interpret it. Any behavior that looks opposite of ""Man's Best Friend"" could be as a result of neglect or animal abuse.",open_qa What makes sourdough special?,,"Sourdough is made using sourdough starter, which is a fermented flour and water mixture that contains natural yeast. This gives the bread a distinct ""sour"" flavor which is different than breads made with commercial yeast.",open_qa "Based on the following paragraph on water, what makes water cohesive.","Life arose from the Earth's first ocean, which formed some 3.8 billion years ago. Since then, water continues to be the most abundant molecule in every organism. Water is important to life because it is an effective solvent, capable of dissolving solutes such as sodium and chloride ions or other small molecules to form an aqueous solution. Once dissolved in water, these solutes are more likely to come in contact with one another and therefore take part in chemical reactions that sustain life. In terms of its molecular structure, water is a small polar molecule with a bent shape formed by the polar covalent bonds of two hydrogen (H) atoms to one oxygen (O) atom (H2O). Because the O–H bonds are polar, the oxygen atom has a slight negative charge and the two hydrogen atoms have a slight positive charge. This polar property of water allows it to attract other water molecules via hydrogen bonds, which makes water cohesive. Surface tension results from the cohesive force due to the attraction between molecules at the surface of the liquid. Water is also adhesive as it is able to adhere to the surface of any polar or charged non-water molecules. Water is denser as a liquid than it is as a solid (or ice). This unique property of water allows ice to float above liquid water such as ponds, lakes, and oceans, thereby insulating the liquid below from the cold air above. Water has the capacity to absorb energy, giving it a higher specific heat capacity than other solvents such as ethanol. Thus, a large amount of energy is needed to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules to convert liquid water into water vapor. As a molecule, water is not completely stable as each water molecule continuously dissociates into hydrogen and hydroxyl ions before reforming into a water molecule again. In pure water, the number of hydrogen ions balances (or equals) the number of hydroxyl ions, resulting in a pH that is neutral.",Water is made cohesive due to its polar property which allows it to attract other water molecules via hydrogen bonds.,closed_qa What is the last festival celebrated in Tihar and how long does the festival last?,"Lakshmi Puja is celebrated as a part of Tihar, a second national festival of Nepal after Dashain. In Nepal, it is celebrated for five days, which include Kag (crow) Tihar; Kukur (dog) Tihar; Gai (cow) Tihar in the morning and Lakshmi Puja at night; Maha puja (self puja); Goru (Ox and Bull) Tihar and Gobardhan puja; and finally, Bhai Tika (Bhai dhooj)—respectively the first, second, third, fourth and fifth days.",The festival lasts for 5 days and Bhai Tika is the last festival.,closed_qa What is exchange rate?,"In finance, an exchange rate is the rate at which one currency will be exchanged for another currency. Currencies are most commonly national currencies, but may be sub-national as in the case of Hong Kong or supra-national as in the case of the euro.","Exchange rate is the rate at which one currency will be exchanged at for another currency. Most countries have their own national currency. However, some currency are sub-national such as Hong Kong; some are supra-national such as the euro.",information_extraction "Given this paragraph about Hydrogen Storage, what is the hydrogen boiling point?","Several methods exist for storing hydrogen. These include mechanical approaches such as using high pressures and low temperatures, or employing chemical compounds that release H2 upon demand. While large amounts of hydrogen are produced by various industries, it is mostly consumed at the site of production, notably for the synthesis of ammonia. For many years hydrogen has been stored as compressed gas or cryogenic liquid, and transported as such in cylinders, tubes, and cryogenic tanks for use in industry or as propellant in space programs. Interest in using hydrogen for on-board storage of energy in zero-emissions vehicles is motivating the development of new methods of storage, more adapted to this new application. The overarching challenge is the very low boiling point of H2: it boils around 20.268 K (−252.882 °C or −423.188 °F). Achieving such low temperatures requires expending significant energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_storage",It boils around 20.268 K (−252.882 °C or −423.188 °F).,closed_qa How did the Titanic sink?,"RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner, operated by the White Star Line, which sank in the North Atlantic Ocean on 15 April 1912 after striking an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York City, United States. Of the estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, more than 1,500 died, making it the deadliest sinking of a single ship up to that time. It remains the deadliest peacetime sinking of an ocean liner or cruise ship. The disaster drew public attention, provided foundational material for the disaster film genre, and has inspired many artistic works.",The Titanic sunk after striking an iceberg in the North Atlantic ocean. It was and still is the deadliest ship sinking of a passenger liner.,summarization "What is the negative side effect of the ""fire power"" on Fargus?","Pandemonium 2 is a psychedelic 2.5D game; specifically, it renders characters and environments with polygons and uses a 3D camera to create the appearance of 3-D, while gameplay is actually on a 2-D plane. Players can choose to be either Nikki or Fargus - who each have different specialties - with the option to change for each level. The player characters' abilities have been expanded over those in Pandemonium! with the ability to climb ropes, crawl, and pull themselves up ledges. During the quest, players can earn extra lives by collecting treasure. Unique powers collected during gameplay may replace, extend or add to previous powers, depending on which character is in play and which power has been obtained. The characters handle the unique powers differently. For instance, collecting the ""fire power"" allows Nikki to shoot destructive fireballs, while it grants Fargus invincibility and a deadly touch, but requires him to constantly move forward. Machines and equipment are also available throughout the game, although they are tied to certain areas.",It requires him to constantly move forward.,closed_qa Who wrote Dr Zhivago,,Boris Pasternak,open_qa What happened at the height of the American revolution?,"During the height of the American Revolution, in the summer of 1780, British sympathizers (known as Tories) began attacking the outposts of American revolutionaries located along the Susquehanna River in the Wyoming Valley. Because of reports of Tory activity in the region, Captain Daniel Klader and a platoon of 41 men from Northampton County were sent to investigate. They traveled north from the Lehigh Valley along a path known as ""Warrior's Trail"" (which is present-day Pennsylvania Route 93). This route connects the Lehigh River in Jim Thorpe (formerly known as Mauch Chunk) to the Susquehanna River in Berwick. Captain Klader's men made it as far north as present-day Conyngham, when they were ambushed by Tory militiamen and members of the Seneca tribe. In all, 15 men were killed on September 11, 1780, in what is now known as the Sugarloaf Massacre.",In the summer of 1780 Tories also known as British sympathizers started to attack American revolutionaries outposts along a river in the Wyoming valley. Captain Daniel Klader sent an American Platoon of 41 men to go see what was going on and they ended up getting ambushed by the British sympathizers. 15 men in the platoon were killed in 1780 and this is what is known today as the Sugarloaf Massacre.,summarization Where are Vermeer's paintings set,"Johannes Vermeer (/vərˈmɪər, vərˈmɛər/ vər-MEER, vər-MAIR, Dutch: [vərˈmeːr], see below; also known as Jan Vermeer; October 1632 – 15 December 1675) was a Dutch Baroque Period painter who specialized in domestic interior scenes of middle-class life. During his lifetime, he was a moderately successful provincial genre painter, recognized in Delft and The Hague. Nonetheless, he produced relatively few paintings and evidently was not wealthy, leaving his wife and children in debt at his death. Vermeer worked slowly and with great care, and frequently used very expensive pigments. He is particularly renowned for his masterly treatment and use of light in his work. ""Almost all his paintings"", Hans Koningsberger wrote, ""are apparently set in two smallish rooms in his house in Delft; they show the same furniture and decorations in various arrangements and they often portray the same people, mostly women."" His modest celebrity gave way to obscurity after his death. He was barely mentioned in Arnold Houbraken's major source book on 17th-century Dutch painting (Grand Theatre of Dutch Painters and Women Artists) and was thus omitted from subsequent surveys of Dutch art for nearly two centuries. In the 19th century, Vermeer was rediscovered by Gustav Friedrich Waagen and Théophile Thoré-Bürger, who published an essay attributing 66 pictures to him, although only 34 paintings are universally attributed to him today. Since that time, Vermeer's reputation has grown, and he is now acknowledged as one of the greatest painters of the Dutch Golden Age. Similar to other major Dutch Golden Age artists such as Frans Hals and Rembrandt, Vermeer never went abroad. Also, like Rembrandt, he was an avid art collector and dealer.",Most paintings by Johannes Vermeer are set in Delft in the Netherlands.,information_extraction Which TV show features a team of teenagers that power up with powers given to them by Zordon to save the world from monsters?,,The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers.,open_qa Which party Sam Jones was part of?,"Samuel Barry Jones (8 July 1923 – 26 January 1999) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1965 until 1984 and a member of the ALP. Early life Samuel Barry Jones was born in Newcastle. He was the son of a steelworker and a brother of Charlie Jones. He was educated to intermediate level at Newcastle Boys' High School and trained as a fitter and turner. He was an office-holder in the Amalgamated Engineering Union. Political career Sam Jones joined the Labor Party in 1945 and served as vice president and secretary of Tighes Hill branch, vice president of Newcastle and Waratah State Electorate Councils and secretary of Newcastle Federal Electorate Council.",Sam Jones (Samuel Barry Jones) served as vice president and secretary of the Labor Party in 1945.,closed_qa How do archaeologists study the past?,,"Archaeologists study the past by implementing a variety of scientific strategies that include survey, excavation, analysis, interpretation, and reporting. They begin by determining an area of interest to be studied. They then survey that area using a variety of methods that include laying in a grid system for testing the area of interest to locate sites. Next, they excavate, or dig, to find evidence of past habitations. This results in recovering material culture, or artifacts. The artifacts are then taken to a laboratory where they are analyzed. This analysis including cleaning the artifacts, determining dates and functions, and entering those artifacts into a database where further statistical analysis may be performed. Once all this data is gathered and analyzed, archaeologist need to interpret what they have found. This data can tell you when a site was occupied, who lived there, what they were eating, and what time of year a site was occupied. Once the archaeologists have interpreted the data the write a report detailing the work that was done and their interpretation of the site. The report is very detailed as archaeological excavation destroys the sites being studying. The report includes photographs, field notes, and an inventory of the artifacts recovered as well as an interpretation of the site.",open_qa What is the supreme law of the land?,,the Constitution,open_qa "From this passage, extract the names of the three Amtrak California routes and separate them with commas.","Amtrak California utilizes a livery and logo that is different from the standard Amtrak colors. All state-contracted Thruway Motorcoach and state-owned locomotives and passenger cars, with the exception of equipment used on the ""Pacific Surfliner"" route, are painted in the ""California Colors"" of blue and yellow. Each permanently assigned passenger car is named after a geographical feature of California. The ""Capitol Corridor"" and ""San Joaquin"" trains are the two routes most identified with the Amtrak California image, since they extensively use ""California Colored"" equipment. The other state-supported rail route, the ""Pacific Surfliner"", uses a unique blue and silver paint scheme that is different from the other Amtrak California-branded trains. The NPCUs that operate on the Capitol Corridor and San Joaquin are painted differently from the locomotives, as they are painted in the old ""Caltrain"" locomotive livery, with an Amtrak California and Caltrans logo on the sides. The single level cars, both the Comet cars and the Horizon dinettes, have three stripes closest to the boarding doors, orange, blue and green, which resemble the NJ Transit livery that was previously used on the Comet cars. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amtrak_California","Capitol Corridor, San Joaquin, and Pacific Surfliner",information_extraction Who are some famous Greek philosophers?,,"Plato, Aristotle and Socrates are all famous Greek philosophers",open_qa What is Kotlin?,,"Kotlin is a cross-platform, statically typed, general-purpose high-level programming language with type inference. Kotlin is designed to interoperate fully with Java, and the JVM version of Kotlin's standard library depends on the Java Class Library, but type inference allows its syntax to be more concise.",open_qa "Tell me which of these are types of desserts: flan, steak, tofu, broccoli, cookies, Cheetos, banana bread, ice cream, giblets, macaron, doughnut, a toothbrush",,"Flan, cookies, banana bread, ice cream, macaron, doughnut",classification Which artist recorded the album Moonlight Madness?,"Moonlight Madness is the second studio album by singer Teri DeSario, released in 1979 by Casablanca Records and Filmworks (NBLP-7178). It includes the hit single ""Yes, I'm Ready"", a duet with K.C. of KC and the Sunshine Band. The album contains mostly disco music, including ""Dancin' in the Streets"" and ""I'm Ready"".","Singer Teri DeSario recorded Moonlight Madness, tracks on the album are mostly in the disco music category and includes the hit single Yes I’m Ready and Dancin in the Streets. The album was first released on sale in 1979 on Casablanca Records and Moonlight Madness was the second studio album recorded by DeSario.",summarization what is the indian subcontinent,"The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.","The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas. Geopolitically, it includes the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The terms ""Indian subcontinent"" and ""South Asia"" are often used interchangeably to denote the region, although the geopolitical term of South Asia frequently includes Afghanistan, which may otherwise be classified as Central Asian.",summarization Is there The Disabled Students Allowance in the UK,,"The Disabled Students Allowance (DSA) is a Government grant in the United Kingdom (UK) available to students in Higher Education, originally established by the Department for Education and Skills (DfES).",open_qa What are the risks of untreated type 1 diabetes?,"Prolonged lack of insulin can also result in diabetic ketoacidosis, characterized by persistent fatigue, dry or flushed skin, abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting, confusion, trouble breathing, and a fruity breath odor. Blood and urine tests reveal unusually high glucose and ketones in the blood and urine. Untreated ketoacidosis can rapidly progress to loss of consciousness, coma, and death. The percentage of children whose type 1 diabetes begins with an episode of diabetic ketoacidosis varies widely by geography, as low as 15% in parts of Europe and North America, and as high as 80% in the developing world.","Untreated type 1 diabetes can rapidly result in diabetic ketoacidosis which may lead to loss of consciousness, coma and death.",information_extraction What is a Rhapsa scotosialis,"Rhapsa scotosialis, the slender owlet moth, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. This species is endemic to New Zealand and is found throughout the country. It is regarded as one of the most common forest moths found in New Zealand. The larval host species for R. scotosialis is Piper excelsum.","A Rhapsa scotosialis, the slender owlet moth, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. This species is endemic to New Zealand and is found throughout the country. It is regarded as one of the most common forest moths found in New Zealand. The larval host species for R. scotosialis is Piper excelsum.",summarization "Which of these are car brands: Ferrari, Fiat, Batavus, Philips, Renault, BMW, IKEA and MG",,"Fiat, Ferrari, Renault, BMW and MG are car brands.",classification What makes Destiny 2 a popular game?,,"Destiny 2 is a very popular first person shooter video game that was developed by Bungie, and is currently free to play on all major video game consoles and personal computers. Since release, Destiny 2 has released numerous additional content through expansion packs and seasonal content that expands the storyline and background lore of the universe in which the game takes place as well as new locations to explore and activities to engage in. In Destiny 2, players assume the role of Guardians, who are gifted with the power of ""Light"" that allows them to protect the remnants of humanity that survived a catastrophic event of an event called ""The collapse."" This science fiction background and futuristic aesthetic combine to provide both a story-rich and feature-rich gameplay experience. Destiny 2 is classed as a ""looter shooter"" first person shooter, which is a sub-genre of video games that feature procedurally generated equipment and weapons which encourages players to replay game content to achieve the best possible combinations of benefits from the items they receive. Furthermore, Destiny 2 is also commonly referred to as a role playing game, elements of which allow users to customize their characters abilities and appearance and specialize in certain roles within the game. As new content is released into the game, this encourages players to experiment with new abilities, weapons, and equipment to achieve optimal performance and creates a satisfying gameplay loop or experience. The game features two main modes of play. The first, which is classified as ""Player Versus Environment"", or PvE, pits the players against AI-controlled enemies in either solo content, group content (called fireteams) of 3 players, or raids of up to 6 players. Players team up in fireteams and raids to tackle more challenging content and in turn are rewarded with more unique or rare pieces of equipment. Additionally, there are ""Player vs Player"", or PvP modes in the game that allows players to compete against each other in competitive modes against each other. Both modes feature exclusive gameplay modes, locations, and objectives. Finally, Destiny 2 features a rich cast of diverse actors and actresses that lend their voice talent to the game for their characters, such as Nathan Fillon, Lance Reddick, Nolan North, Lennie James, and many other noteworthy artists. Destiny 2 has also been nominated for and/or won several awards since release, including the Game Critics Award for Best PC Game (2007) and Best Ongoing Game (2019).",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the union territories that encompass South India. Separate them with a comma.","South India, also known as Peninsular India, consists of the peninsular southern part of India. It encompasses the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana, as well as the union territories of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep and Puducherry, comprising 19.31% of India's area (635,780 km2 or 245,480 sq mi) and 20% of India's population. Covering the southern part of the peninsular Deccan Plateau, South India is bounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west and the Indian Ocean in the south. The geography of the region is diverse with two mountain ranges – the Western and Eastern Ghats – bordering the plateau heartland. The Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tungabhadra, Periyar, Bharathappuzha, Pamba, Thamirabarani, Palar, and Vaigai rivers are important perennial rivers.","Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep and Puducherry",information_extraction When was the last time the Cubs won the World Series,,"The Chicago Cubs last won the World Series in 2016. They defeated the Cleveland Indians, now referred to as the Cleveland Guardians, in 7 games. It was a memorable World Series for Chicago considering the Cubs did not play in a World Series for 71 years. The 7th game was very close as the Cubs blew a 3 run lead in the 8th, leading to extra innings. Ultimately winning the series in 10 with the last out being a ground ball to a smiling Kris Bryant who threw to Anthony Rizzo for the last out.",open_qa What is the JDK?,,The JDK is a development environment for building applications using the Java programming language. The JDK includes tools useful for developing and testing programs written in the Java programming language and running on the Java platform.,open_qa Will being fully autonomous change the future of car design ?,,"If cars reach a stage of full autonomy and no longer need input to drive from a human, this can radically change the interior and exterior of a car. There might not be a need for a driver cockpit and the steering console can be completely removed and potentially all seats could be inward facing to maximize human interaction. All windows can be removed and replaced with tablets. Removing glass windows and replacing it with a more protective alloy shell, also means potentially increasing the safety of the passengers. Size and shape of the vehicles will also change as they can become containerized, where multiple vehicles can interact with each other and lock in and out, much like how trains work.",brainstorming Why is an umbrella useful?,,"The top of an umbrella is made with waterproof material attached to a long handle so that it extends over the head and protects its owner from rain. The material folds down so that it can be easily carried when not needed. Often, the handle also collapses so that the umbrella becomes small enough to fit into a bag.",open_qa How to be a good human being?,,"Always be thoughtful of others. Put yourselves in the other persons shoes. Do not judge anyone based on their color, appearance, ethnicity, education, job etc. Their actions may not look appropriate , but a lot of times it is because they do not know and they are still learning. Be kind and help such folks. If everyone starts doing this , the world would be a much happier place. The happiest places in the world are not with the best weather and infrastructure, it is the happiness of the people living there.",creative_writing "Given this paragraph about Wabuska, Nevada, when was a post office first opened in the town?","Wabuska is an unincorporated community in Lyon County, Nevada, United States. The zip code is 89447, which it shares with nearby Yerington. Wabuska (Washo language, White Grass) was established in the early 1870s. A post office was opened on September 18, 1874. In 1881, the town served as the principal Mason Valley supply center on the newly constructed Carson and Colorado Railroad of a line that went from Hazen to Mina. When copper was discovered in Mason Valley, the town became the northern terminus of the new Nevada Copper Belt Railroad, built 1909–1911. Wabuska waned with declining mining activity in the 1920s. Several buildings from Wabuska, most notably the Wabuska Railroad Station, were relocated to Carson City and incorporated as the Nevada State Railroad Museum.","September 18, 1874",closed_qa "Which of these animals can be pets? Wolf, dog, rabbit, squirrel, cat, lion.",,"While most animals can be domesticated, dogs, rabbits and cats are common pets.",classification Please write a thank you message for a jeans day pass donated by a parent to a teacher,,Thank you for the jeans day pass-it's like a vacation from my daily wardrobe and enhances my comfort and enjoyment when teaching your child. I'm excited to see the looks on my students' faces when I rock my new jeans!,creative_writing When and why was the plaxton coach production halted?,"By 1936 the company felt justified in constructing a large new manufacturing facility in Seamer Road, Scarborough. This allowed increased production, and Plaxtons became popular with many independent operators throughout Northern England. Many of these operators purchased their vehicles through independent dealers, rather than directly from the factory. In this regard, Plaxton's sales were through Lancashire Motor Traders Ltd of Manchester and Arlington Motor Co Ltd of London. The company became known as FW Plaxton & Son by 1937, as the founder's son, also named Frederick William joined the company at the age of 18. FW Plaxton junior was to be known as Eric to avoid confusion with his father. Plaxtons built a number of different coach designs through the 1930s, until settling on a distinctive house style. The style typically consisted of a very rounded front profile at the windscreen area with side windows that sloped backwards at the front, were upright at the centre, and sloped forward at the back. Bodywork for the Bedford WTB chassis was particularly distinctive, sloping severally from the bottom of the front wheel arch to the roofline, leaving the ""bullnose"" radiator grille protruding. The rear also sloped prominently. The WTB chassis was very popular choice for operators at that time, together with the Dodge RBF and SBF. Leyland and AEC chassis were also popular for larger coaches, notably the Leyland Tiger and AEC Regal. On the outbreak of World War II in 1939, coach production halted and the factory was turned into a munitions factory under the control of the Ministry of Aircraft Production. Many records from the early years were lost when an incendiary bomb set fire to the Seamer Road factory in 1943, causing much damage. As the factory was under control of the Ministry of Works, production continued in the open air whilst a replacement was constructed. Some adjacent land was loaned by a market gardener who subsequently joined the board years later.",Coach production was halted in 1939 due to world war outbreak. The factory was turned into munitions factory.,closed_qa What is a dog better at than humans?,,"Dogs do many things better than humans. They can detect problems in the body like low blood pressure, and the development of some diseases like cancer because of smells given off by the body. They smell and and can hear better than people, they can run and swim faster, and show affection in an unbiased way for their entire life.",open_qa Who is the white rapper that sings 'Thrift Shop'?,,macklemore,open_qa Why is pricing important in the overall strategy of a product?,,"When different profit levers like price, variable cost, fixed cost, volume of goods sold are compared, studies show that a 1% improvement in price can create the maximum operating profit improvement of 11.5% compared to only 2.3% through fixed costs. This goes to show that pricing can have a monumental impact on the bottom line. This can be achieved by understanding different pricing strategies and how they can be executed through pricing tactics. The different pricing strategy includes using - 1. Cost-side factors (like fixed, variable costs, incremental break-even analysis); 2. Customer-side factors (like Economic Value Analysis (EVA); Price Elasticity of Demand; Measuring willingness to pay) 3. Competitive environment factors. Based on the business context, these strategies can be implemented with tacts like price discrimination (e.g., bundling); non-linear pricing; price promotions (e.g., hi-lo pricing); and most of all understanding consumer psychology with respect to pricing (anchoring effect, decoy pricing, compromise effect, charm pricing, etc).",open_qa From the passage list down the various continental confederations under FIFA. List the results in comma separated format.,"Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is to score more goals than the opposing team by moving the ball beyond the goal line into a rectangular-framed goal defended by the opposing team. Traditionally, the game has been played over two 45-minute halves, for a total match time of 90 minutes. With an estimated 250 million players active in over 200 countries and territories, it is considered the world's most popular sport. The game of association football is played in accordance with the Laws of the Game, a set of rules that has been in effect since 1863 and maintained by the IFAB since 1886. The game is played with a football that is 68–70 cm (27–28 in) in circumference. The two teams compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts and under the bar), thereby scoring a goal. When the ball is in play, the players mainly use their feet, but may use any other part of their body, except for their hands or arms, to control, strike, or pass the ball. Only the goalkeepers may use their hands and arms, and only then within the penalty area. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner. Depending on the format of the competition, an equal number of goals scored may result in a draw being declared, or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout. Internationally, association football is governed by FIFA. Under FIFA, there are six continental confederations: AFC, CAF, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, OFC and UEFA. National associations (e.g. The FA or JFA) are responsible for managing the game in their own countries both professionally and at an amateur level, and coordinating competitions in accordance with the Laws of the Game. The most senior and prestigious international competitions are the FIFA World Cup and the FIFA Women's World Cup. The men's World Cup is the most-viewed sporting event in the world, surpassing the Olympic Games. The two most prestigious competitions in European club football are the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Women's Champions League, which attract an extensive television audience throughout the world. The final of the men's tournament has been, in recent years, the most-watched annual sporting event in the world.","AFC, CAF, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, OFC, UEFA",information_extraction "Based on the reference text, why was the eastern section of the bridge rebuilt?","The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, known locally as the Bay Bridge, is a complex of bridges spanning San Francisco Bay in California. As part of Interstate 80 and the direct road between San Francisco and Oakland, it carries about 260,000 vehicles a day on its two decks. It has one of the longest spans in the United States. The toll bridge was conceived as early as the California Gold Rush days, with ""Emperor"" Joshua Norton famously advocating for it, but construction did not begin until 1933. Designed by Charles H. Purcell, and built by American Bridge Company, it opened on Thursday, November 12, 1936, six months before the Golden Gate Bridge. It originally carried automobile traffic on its upper deck, with trucks, cars, buses and commuter trains on the lower, but after the Key System abandoned rail service on April 20, 1958, the lower deck was converted to all-road traffic as well. On October 12, 1963, traffic was reconfigured to one way traffic on each deck, westbound on the upper deck, and eastbound on the lower deck, with trucks and buses allowed on the upper deck. In 1986, the bridge was unofficially dedicated to former California Governor James Rolph. The bridge has two sections of roughly equal length; the older western section, officially known as the Willie L. Brown Jr. Bridge (after former San Francisco Mayor and California State Assembly Speaker Willie L. Brown Jr.), connects downtown San Francisco to Yerba Buena Island, and the newer unnamed eastern section connects the island to Oakland. The western section is a double suspension bridge with two decks, westbound traffic being carried on the upper deck while eastbound is carried on the lower one. The largest span of the original eastern section was a cantilever bridge. During the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, a portion of the eastern section's upper deck collapsed onto the lower deck and the bridge was closed for a month. Reconstruction of the eastern section of the bridge as a causeway connected to a self-anchored suspension bridge began in 2002; the new eastern section opened September 2, 2013, at a reported cost of over $6.5 billion; the original estimate of $250 million was for a seismic retrofit of the existing span. Unlike the western section and the original eastern section of the bridge, the new eastern section is a single deck carrying all eastbound and westbound lanes. Demolition of the old east span was completed on September 8, 2018.",The eastern section of the bridge was rebuilt because a portion of its upper deck collapsed onto the lower deck during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.,closed_qa How do airplanes fly?,,"Planes fly because of two forces - thrust and lift. Thrust is generated by the engines and moves the plane forward. When the wind passes the wings, there is a pressure differential created by the shape of the wings such that there is lift",open_qa "Which of the following items would I need on a surf trip? Surfboard, leash, tent, knife, wetsuit, batteries, granola bars, bag of grapes, lead weights, a dump truck, the complete collection of Beach Boys albums on vinyl.",,"The useful items are a surfboard, leash, wetsuit and granola bars",classification What wine varietal is the most popular produced in Oregon?,,Oregon is well-known for its Pinot Noir. Many of the most awarded Pinot Noirs come from Willamette Valley.,open_qa How often is The Australian Chess Championship held?,"The Australian Chess Championship is a tournament organised by the Australian Chess Federation and held every two years. The tournament is largely restricted to Australian chess players, although it is common to allow a small number of strong overseas players to compete. The highest-scoring eligible player (frequently the tournament winner) holds the title of Australian Chess Champion until the next tournament is held. The tournament format is normally a restricted Swiss system, and in case of a tie for first place, a playoff match or tournament is conducted.",Every two years,information_extraction Who created the first piano?,,"The first piano was created by Bartolomeo Cristofori, who had been employed by court of Medici at the time.",open_qa "Given this paragraph, what is the definition of Long short-term memory ?","Long short-term memory (LSTM) is an artificial neural network used in the fields of artificial intelligence and deep learning. Unlike standard feedforward neural networks, LSTM has feedback connections. Such a recurrent neural network (RNN) can process not only single data points (such as images), but also entire sequences of data (such as speech or video). This characteristic makes LSTM networks ideal for processing and predicting data. For example, LSTM is applicable to tasks such as unsegmented, connected handwriting recognition, speech recognition, machine translation, speech activity detection, robot control, video games, and healthcare.","Long-short term memory is an artificial neural network used in deep learning that can process not only single data points (such as images), but also entire sequences of data (such as speech or video).",closed_qa Who is Enrique Jorrín?,"The creation of cha-cha-chá has been traditionally attributed to Cuban composer and violinist Enrique Jorrín, who began his career playing for the charanga band Orquesta América. According to the testimony of Enrique Jorrín, he composed some danzones in which musicians of the orchestra had to sing short refrains, and this style was very successful. In the danzón ""Constancia"", he introduced some montunos and the audience was motivated to join in singing the refrains. Jorrín also asked the members of the orchestra to sing in unison so the lyrics might be heard more clearly and achieve a greater impact in the audience. That way of singing also helped to mask the poor singing skills of the orchestra members.",Enrique Jorrín is a Cuban composer and violinist known for creating cha-cha-chá.,information_extraction "What is the analysis of mutations in cancer, in genomics?",,"In cancer, the genomes of affected cells are rearranged in complex or even unpredictable ways. Massive sequencing efforts are used to identify previously unknown point mutations in a variety of genes in cancer. Bioinformaticians continue to produce specialized automated systems to manage the sheer volume of sequence data produced, and they create new algorithms and software to compare the sequencing results to the growing collection of human genome sequences and germline polymorphisms. New physical detection technologies are employed, such as oligonucleotide microarrays to identify chromosomal gains and losses (called comparative genomic hybridization), and single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays to detect known point mutations. These detection methods simultaneously measure several hundred thousand sites throughout the genome, and when used in high-throughput to measure thousands of samples, generate terabytes of data per experiment. Again the massive amounts and new types of data generate new opportunities for bioinformaticians. The data is often found to contain considerable variability, or noise, and thus Hidden Markov model and change-point analysis methods are being developed to infer real copy number changes. Two important principles can be used in the analysis of cancer genomes bioinformatically pertaining to the identification of mutations in the exome. First, cancer is a disease of accumulated somatic mutations in genes. Second cancer contains driver mutations which need to be distinguished from passengers. With the breakthroughs that this next-generation sequencing technology is providing to the field of Bioinformatics, cancer genomics could drastically change. These new methods and software allow bioinformaticians to sequence many cancer genomes quickly and affordably. This could create a more flexible process for classifying types of cancer by analysis of cancer driven mutations in the genome. Furthermore, tracking of patients while the disease progresses may be possible in the future with the sequence of cancer samples. Another type of data that requires novel informatics development is the analysis of lesions found to be recurrent among many tumors.",open_qa "Who is Evelyn Quan Wang in the move ""Everything Everywhere All at Once""?","Evelyn Quan Wang is a middle-aged Chinese American immigrant who runs a laundromat with her husband, Waymond; two decades earlier, they eloped to the United States and had a daughter, Joy. The laundromat is being audited by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Waymond is trying to serve Evelyn divorce papers in an attempt to get her attention so they can talk things out regarding their marriage, Evelyn's demanding father (referred to as Gong Gong, Cantonese for 'grandfather') is visiting for her Chinese New Year party, and Evelyn is reluctant to accept Joy's lesbian relationship with her non-Chinese girlfriend Becky (only introducing Becky to Gong Gong as Joy's ""very good friend"").","Evelyn Quan Wang is a middle-aged Chinese American immigrant who runs a laundromat with her husband, Waymond.",closed_qa What is a Husky?,,A Husky is a type of dog.,classification Why to people lift their trucks?,,"When people talk about ""lifting"" their trucks, they are referring to increasing the height and ground clearance through modification to the suspension of the vehicle. Most often this is in reference to pick-up trucks, as those vehicles come from the manufacturer with the front of the vehicle at a lower height than the rear. Know as a ""rake"", this is intended to allow the vehicle to ride at a level height even when carrying significant weight in the truck bed or towing heavy trailers. There are various methods for lifting a vehicle that range from inexpensive spacers to elevate factory springs to more comprehensive systems replacing multiple suspension elements with new, purpose-built components. People often prefer to lift their truck for the aesthetic appeal as well as improved ground clearance and performance when driving off-road.",open_qa When was the attack on Pearl Harbor,"The attack on Pearl Harbor[nb 3] was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, just before 8:00 a.m. (local time) on Sunday, December 7, 1941. The United States was a neutral country at the time; the attack led to its formal entry into World War II the next day. The Japanese military leadership referred to the attack as the Hawaii Operation and Operation AI,[nb 4] and as Operation Z during its planning. The attack was preceded by months of negotiations between the U.S. and Japan over the future of the Pacific. Japanese demands included that the U.S. end its sanctions against Japan, cease aiding China in the Second Sino-Japanese war, and allow Japan to access the resources of the Dutch East Indies. Anticipating a negative response from the US, Japan sent out its naval attack groups in November 1941 just prior to receiving the Hull note—the U.S. demand that Japan withdraw from China and Indochina. Japan intended the attack as a preventive action. Its aim was to prevent the United States Pacific Fleet from interfering with its planned military actions in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and those of the United States. Over the course of seven hours there were coordinated Japanese attacks on the U.S.-held Philippines, Guam, and Wake Island and on the British Empire in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong.","December 7, 1941",closed_qa What is the minimum weight of a coswain?,"It is an advantage for the coxswain to be light as this requires less effort for the crew to propel the boat. In many competitive events there is a minimum weight, 55 kilograms (121 lb) under World Rowing rules, set for the coxswain to prevent unfair advantage. If a coxswain is under the minimum weight allowance (underweight), they may have to carry weights in the boat such as sandbags.",The minimum weight of a coxswain if 55 kilograms (121 pounds) under World Rowing rules.,summarization Which spices should every cook have on hand?,,"Salt and Pepper are essential spices. Cumin, Chilli, Turmeric, Garlic and Cinnamon are also popular.",brainstorming Is Belgrandia varica found in Europe or Australia?,"Belgrandia varica was previously considered to be extinct, however it has been classified as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) by IUCN because it might still be present in a small spring that has been overlooked during previous surveys. This species is endemic to France.","Belgrandia varica is endemic to France, so therefore it is found in Europe.",closed_qa Where is Lukaya River?,"The Lukaya is a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its source is located in the Crystal Mountains (Montagnes de Cristal), from which it runs eastward through Bas-Congo, then runs into the banks of the Ndjili River. The rail line from Matadi to Kinshasa runs along the river valley for a time, passing to the south and then to the east of Kinshasa. At one point the river was the namesake of a district in the Congo Free State. Just to the south of Kinshasa, a small cascade on the river, the Petites Chutes de la Lukaya, is a gathering place for several tourist activities including the lake formed by the river valley, beaches and waterfalls, and the Lola Ya Bonobo Sanctuary of Kinshasa. This is located in the Mont Ngafula neighborhood, which the river runs through.","The Lukaya is a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, originating in the Crystal Mountains and running eastward through Bas-Congo and into the Ndjili River. The Petites Chutes de la Lukaya is a gathering place for tourist activities.",summarization "Which of the following are women scientists: Marie Curie, Elizabeth Blackwell, Jane Goodall, Rosalind Franklin, Ada Lovelace, Maria Mitchell, Archimedes, Albert Einstein, Ernest Rutherford, Alfred Nobel, Alexander Fleming, Michael Faraday, Niels Bohr, Stephen Hawking, Alan Turing.",,"Marie Curie, Elizabeth Blackwell, Jane Goodall, Rosalind Franklin, Ada Lovelace, Maria Mitchell are women scientists.",classification "From the given paragraph, write some points on Church.","A church, church building or church house is a building used for Christian worship services and other Christian religious activities. The earliest identified Christian church is a house church founded between 233 and 256. From the 11th through the 14th centuries, there was a wave of church construction in Western Europe. Sometimes, the word church is used by analogy for the buildings of other religions. Church is also used to describe the Christian religious community as a whole, or a body or an assembly of Christian believers around the world.","1. A church, church building, or church house is a structure used for Christian religious activities such as worship ceremonies. 2. A home church that was established between 233 and 256 is the earliest known Christian congregation. 3. In Western Europe, there was a wave of church building from the 11th through the 14th centuries. 4. The word ""church"" is occasionally used as an analogy for the structures of other religions. 5. The word ""church"" is also used to refer to the global body of Christian believers as well as the Christian religious community as a whole.",summarization "Given these paragraphs about Large language models, what is hallucination?","A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks. Properties Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design. Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to ""memorize"" a great quantity of facts during training. Hallucinations Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence) In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a ""hallucination"" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data. Emergent abilities On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities. Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called ""emergent abilities"". Researchers note that such abilities ""cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models"". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs. Architecture and training Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or ""filling in the blanks"", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus. The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens. LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million. A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters). Application to downstream tasks Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via ""prompting"" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions. Fine-tuning Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning) Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be ""frozen"", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen). Prompting See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing) In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In ""few-shot prompting"", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows: Review: This movie stinks. Sentiment: negative Review: This movie is fantastic! Sentiment: If the model outputs ""positive"", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be ""The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is"". Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering. Instruction tuning Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt ""Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet."" might provide a completion such as ""A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17."" In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, ""self-instruct"", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model","In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a ""hallucination"" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data.",closed_qa List the countries that are a part of UK.,"The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242,495 square kilometres (93,628 sq mi), with an estimated 2023 population of over 68 million people.","England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.",information_extraction Why do people put ICE as a contact in their cell phone?,,"ICE is an acronym referring to ""In case of emergency"". It's recommended to put an emergency contact with the acronym ICE in your phone as a preventative measure.",open_qa Where did Jackson move to become an actor?,"In Seattle, Jackson worked as an ad executive at a magazine and did some theater work on the side, earning his Equity card. ""As soon as I found out what theater was, what Broadway was, I thought, 'Oh, that's what I'll do with my life.' Just a matter of getting all the pieces in place"", he said. Inspired to rethink his career after the September 11 attacks, he moved to New York City to pursue his dream of being an actor: ""[Acting] was something I always wanted to do but I was too scared and didn't have the confidence. 9/11 changed everything for all of us. It gave me the urgency.""",New York City,closed_qa Why is open source so important?,,Open source is so important because it allows developers to contribute their skills and ideas to coding projects in the programming community. This democratizes coding and is a way to crowd source the development. It is one of the best and quickest ways to innovate and create new technology.,open_qa Help me come up with 3 ideas for a new business and how I can start it,,"There are many businesses you could think about creating. Here are a few examples: - Services: you can create a firm that provides services such as marketing, technical consulting, or strategic advising. You can start this business by examining your professional expertise, building marketing materials, and networking to find your first customers. - Product: you can create a product in a domain you're passionate about is a great way of starting a business. This could be small scale boutique items such as candles or soaps made at home and sold at local markets or on a website like Etsy. This could also include something mass manufactured, either contracted out or involving significant capital expenditure in order to start development. - Training: you can start a training or education program in an industry where you have expertise. There are online platforms for hosting content and managing payments. You can also leverage social media in order to build a funnel of customers. There are many different potential businesses you might create but services, product, and training businesses are good domains to examine as you look to start your business.",brainstorming how to swim in ocean,,"Swimming in the ocean can be an exhilarating experience, but it's important to take proper safety precautions to ensure that you stay safe. Here are some steps to follow to help you swim in the ocean: Choose a Safe Location: Before entering the water, make sure you choose a safe location to swim. Look for a spot that's away from strong currents, riptides, and waves. Avoid swimming alone, and make sure there are other people around in case you need help. Check the Conditions: Before entering the water, check the weather and ocean conditions. Avoid swimming if there are strong winds, high waves, or thunderstorms. If there are lifeguards on duty, ask them about the current conditions and any potential hazards. Wear Proper Gear: Make sure you wear proper swimwear, such as a wetsuit or rash guard, to protect your skin from the sun and ocean elements. Consider wearing fins or a snorkel to help you swim more efficiently. Practice Good Swimming Technique: When swimming in the ocean, use good swimming technique to help conserve your energy. Avoid swimming against the current, and swim parallel to the shore if you need to move sideways. Use a slow, steady stroke to conserve energy. Be Aware of Marine Life: When swimming in the ocean, be aware of any marine life that may be in the water. Avoid swimming near schools of fish, and stay away from jellyfish and other potentially dangerous creatures. If you do encounter a shark or other predator, stay calm and swim away slowly. Follow Ocean Safety Rules: Finally, follow any ocean safety rules that are in place. For example, some beaches may have specific areas designated for swimming, while others may require you to wear a life jacket or avoid swimming during certain times of day. By following these steps, you can enjoy a safe and enjoyable swimming experience in the ocean. Remember to stay aware of your surroundings, practice good swimming technique, and take proper safety precautions to ensure that you stay safe.",creative_writing Give a summary of Manhattan Project,"The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District as its first headquarters were in Manhattan; the placename gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, Tube Alloys. The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ nearly 130,000 people at its peak and cost nearly US$2 billion (equivalent to about $24 billion in 2021). Over 90 percent of the cost was for building factories and to produce fissile material, with less than 10 percent for development and production of the weapons. Research and production took place at more than thirty sites across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. The project led to the development of two types of atomic bombs, both developed concurrently, during the war: a relatively simple gun-type fission weapon and a more complex implosion-type nuclear weapon. The Thin Man gun-type design proved impractical to use with plutonium, so a simpler gun-type design called Little Boy was developed that used uranium-235, an isotope that makes up only 0.7 percent of natural uranium. Because it is chemically identical to the most common isotope, uranium-238, and has almost the same mass, separating the two proved difficult. Three methods were employed for uranium enrichment: electromagnetic, gaseous and thermal. Most of this work was carried out at the Clinton Engineer Works at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. In parallel with the work on uranium was an effort to produce plutonium, which researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, discovered in 1940. After the feasibility of the world's first artificial nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1, was demonstrated in 1942 at the Metallurgical Laboratory in the University of Chicago, the project designed the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge and the production reactors at the Hanford Site in Washington state, in which uranium was irradiated and transmuted into plutonium. The plutonium was then chemically separated from the uranium, using the bismuth phosphate process. The Fat Man plutonium implosion-type weapon was developed in a concerted design and development effort by the Los Alamos Laboratory. The project was also charged with gathering intelligence on the German nuclear weapon project. Through Operation Alsos, Manhattan Project personnel served in Europe, sometimes behind enemy lines, where they gathered nuclear materials and documents, and rounded up German scientists. Despite the Manhattan Project's tight security, Soviet atomic spies successfully penetrated the program. The first nuclear device ever detonated was an implosion-type bomb during the Trinity test, conducted at New Mexico's Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range on 16 July 1945. Little Boy and Fat Man bombs were used a month later in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, respectively, with Manhattan Project personnel serving as bomb assembly technicians and weaponeers on the attack aircraft. In the immediate postwar years, the Manhattan Project conducted weapons testing at Bikini Atoll as part of Operation Crossroads, developed new weapons, promoted the development of the network of national laboratories, supported medical research into radiology and laid the foundations for the nuclear navy. It maintained control over American atomic weapons research and production until the formation of the United States Atomic Energy Commission in January 1947.","The Manhattan Project was the program based in the United States which tried to make the first nuclear weapons. The project cost $2 billion, and created many secret cities and bomb-making factories, such as a laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, a nuclear reactor in Hanford, Washington, and a uranium processing plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The top scientist on the project was Robert Oppenheimer, a famous physicist. The Manhattan Project had to find solutions to two difficulties. The first difficulty is how to make the special isotopes of uranium (uranium-235) or plutonium. This process is called separation and is very slow. The United States built very big buildings with three different kinds of machine for separation. They made enough fissionable special isotopes for a few nuclear weapons. The second difficulty was how to make a bomb that will produce a big nuclear explosion every time. A weapon with a bad design can make a much smaller nuclear explosion. This is called a ""fizzle"". In July 1945, the Manhattan Project solved the two difficulties and made the first nuclear explosion. This test of a nuclear weapon was called ""Trinity"" and was a success. Manhattan Project created two nuclear bombs which were used against Japan in 1945.",summarization why would someone run the Texas Independence Relay?,,"The Texas Independence Relay (TIR) is an annual runners' festival in Texas with a lot of fun! It is a 200 mile relay starting from Gonzales town center, the course passes Shiner, Flatonia, Schulenburg, Weimar, and Columbus, and ends in downtown Houston. The race commemorates the Runaway Scrape of Texas independence from Mexico, and Gonzales is the pioneer place of Texas Revolution. The race has 36 legs and requires at most 12 runners in a team. It usually happens end of Mar or the beginning of Apr, which is the blooming time in Texas for wildflowers like bluebonnets. Overcoming the tough course with a team of cheerful and energetic run mates and enjoying the scenery in the meantime can be a memorable experience. In fact, a lot of the TIR teams are veteran teams who participate every year. It’s like an addiction! The supportive, caring vibes from all the runners, and festival-like celebrations along the course are the major attractors to runners.",brainstorming When was the theory of comparative advantage developed?,"In an economic model, agents have a comparative advantage over others in producing a particular good if they can produce that good at a lower relative opportunity cost or autarky price, i.e. at a lower relative marginal cost prior to trade. Comparative advantage describes the economic reality of the work gains from trade for individuals, firms, or nations, which arise from differences in their factor endowments or technological progress. (The absolute advantage, comparing output per time (labor efficiency) or per quantity of input material (monetary efficiency), is generally considered more intuitive, but less accurate — as long as the opportunity costs of producing goods across countries vary, productive trade is possible.) David Ricardo developed the classical theory of comparative advantage in 1817 to explain why countries engage in international trade even when one country's workers are more efficient at producing every single good than workers in other countries. He demonstrated that if two countries capable of producing two commodities engage in the free market (albeit with the assumption that the capital and labour do not move internationally), then each country will increase its overall consumption by exporting the good for which it has a comparative advantage while importing the other good, provided that there exist differences in labor productivity between both countries. Widely regarded as one of the most powerful yet counter-intuitive insights in economics, Ricardo's theory implies that comparative advantage rather than absolute advantage is responsible for much of international trade.",The classical theory of comparative advantage was developed in 1817 by David Ricardo.,summarization Write a few sentences explaining the criteria you used to choose your favorite fast food restaurant.,,"The most important piece of criteria I use is taste of the food and drinks. Although there are other important factors like price, and variety of menu options ultimately the tastiness of the food is the most important factor.",creative_writing From this passage tell me why Panama Canal is called one of the seven wonders of the modern world,"The Panama Canal is an artificial 82 km (51 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and South America. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduces the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan. Colombia, France, and later the United States controlled the territory surrounding the canal during construction. France began work on the canal in 1881, but stopped because of lack of investors' confidence due to engineering problems and a high worker mortality rate. The United States took over the project on May 4, 1904, and opened the canal on August 15, 1914. The US continued to control the canal and surrounding Panama Canal Zone until the 1977 Torrijos–Carter Treaties provided for its handover to Panama. After a period of joint American–Panamanian control, the canal was taken over by the Panamanian government in 1999. It is now managed and operated by the government-owned Panama Canal Authority. Canal locks at each end lift ships up to Gatun Lake, an artificial lake 26 meters (85 ft) above sea level, created to reduce the amount of excavation work required for the canal, and then lower the ships at the other end. The original locks are 33.5 meters (110 ft) wide. A third, wider lane of locks was constructed between September 2007 and May 2016. The expanded waterway began commercial operation on June 26, 2016. The new locks allow transit of larger, New Panamax ships. Annual traffic has risen from about 1,000 ships in 1914, when the canal opened, to 14,702 vessels in 2008, for a total of 333.7 million Panama Canal/Universal Measurement System (PC/UMS) tons. By 2012, more than 815,000 vessels had passed through the canal. In 2017 it took ships an average of 11.38 hours to pass between the canal's two locks. The American Society of Civil Engineers has ranked the Panama Canal one of the seven wonders of the modern world.","The American Society of Civil Engineers has ranked the Panama Canal one of the seven wonders of the modern world not only because it was one of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, but also because of its significant impact in maritime trade across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans near the Americas. It is a shortcut which greatly reduces the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan.",information_extraction "Why do people say ""if I had a nickle for every time""?",,"""If I had a nickle for every time"" is a common saying used in the English language to describe a situation that happens repeatedly. The implication, which is meant to be an exaggeration, is that the individual would be wealthy or make substantial money due to the volume of times the event is repeated. Oftentimes, it refers to a question or comment that an individual hears repeatedly.",open_qa What is social media?,,"Social media accounts for a variety of services that are intended to connect individuals and organizations, to create a network for sharing information. The information shared can be videos, images, music, thoughts, opinions, or a variety of other things that can be shared publicly or privately. The intent is to allow anyone to be a contributor, give users the ability to connect with and follow whom they please, and provide a broad network of information and connections.",open_qa "Given a reference text about José Francisco Miguel António de Mendonça, tell me when he was appointed patriarch and when he died.","José Francisco Miguel António de Mendonça, or rather, Mendoça (Lisbon, October 2, 1725 - Lisbon, February 11, 1808), was the fifth Patriarch of Lisbon under the name of D. José II. Biography He was the son of Nuno Manuel de Mendoça, 4th Count of Vale de Reis, and his wife, D. Leonor Maria Antónia de Noronha. He was the younger brother of the 5th Count and 1st Count of Azambuja, and of D. João Rafael de Mendonça, Bishop of Porto. He graduated in canon law, having been canon of the Patriarchal See of Lisbon, Monsignor and still principal of the same church. José Mendonca succeeded D. Francisco de Lemos as rector of the University of Coimbra from 1780 to 1785. During his tenure he attempted introduce a number of reforms. In 1786, he was appointed Patriarch of Lisbon. By 1792 he was still trying to get permission from the Real Mesa Censória (Royal Censorial Court) to publish two pastoral letters. A law passed on April 5, 1768 reaffirmed the right of ""temporal sovereignty"" over the prohibition of ""pernicious books and papers"" in the interest of political defense. As the Mesa had jurisdiction over all printed materials, this included pastoral letters. Pope Pius VI made him a cardinal in 1788. He died in 1808 and his body is buried in the Convent of Grace.",José Francisco Miguel António de Mendonça was appointed Patriarch of Lisbon in 1786 and died in 1808.,closed_qa Write a facebook post responding to a question about whether public or private school is better,,"I really think it comes down to personal preference and the type of kid(s) you have. I don't think there is a universal one size fits all approach here. There's a lot of factors that can go into the decision, whether you live in a good school district, if your kid is special needs or struggles socially, whether you can afford private school, on and on. For us, we decided to go public because our school district is relatively good. Our school is close to our house and our kids do relatively well in school. So far, we've been happy. My one complaint is that there is not a ton of personal attention so I do think it requires a lot of parent involvement to keep kids on track. Whatever you decide, you just need to weigh what is right for your family.",creative_writing What was the first living creature sent into orbit around Earth?,,"Laika, a Russian street dog, went to space in 1957 on the satellite Sputnik 2.",open_qa Suggest a vacation trip for a couple based in California who love spending time outdoors,,"The American west is home to spectacular national parks. The national parks in California, Utah and Arizona are unique in their variety of landscapes and ecology. One possible trip is to Yosemite, Sequoia and Death Valley National Parks. All of these parks provide a range of options for people of varying abilities. For the hardcore hikers a multi-day backpacking trip along the John Muir trip would take them through some of the most scenic mountain terrain in the country. Day hikers have dozens of shorter trails to choose from in each park. One point to keep in mind is that Death Valley would be uncomfortably hot in the summer months - May through September.",brainstorming Why is the F-15EX Eagle II an ideal aircraft not an ideal aircraft for conducting modern offensive war fighting?,"In 2018, the United States Air Force (USAF) and Boeing discussed the F-15X or Advanced F-15, a proposed single-seat variant based on the F-15QA to replace USAF F-15C/Ds. Improvements included the AMBER weapons rack to carry up to 22 air-to-air missiles, infrared search and track, advanced avionics and electronic warfare equipment, AESA radar, and revised structure with a service life of 20,000 hours. Single and two-seat variants were proposed, called F-15CX and F-15EX respectively, with identical capabilities. The USAF opted for the two-seat variant, which can be flown either by a single pilot or by a pilot and WSO for complex missions and, someday, controlling collaborative combat aircraft. One reason for this decision is that only two–seat F-15 models remained in production. The USAF bought the F-15EX to maintain fleet size as F-22 production ended, the F-35 was delayed, and its F-15Cs aged. Although it is not expected to survive against modern air defenses by 2028, the F-15EX can perform homeland and airbase defense, enforce no-fly zones against limited air defenses, and deploy standoff munitions. In July 2020, the U.S. Defense Department ordered eight F-15EXs over three years for $1.2 billion. In August 2020, the USAF announced plans to replace F-15Cs in the Florida and Oregon Air National Guards with F-15EXs. The F-15EX made its maiden flight on 2 February 2021. The first F-15EX was delivered to the USAF in March 2021, and was flown to Eglin Air Force Base in Florida for further testing. On 7 April 2021, its official name Eagle II was announced. The FY2021 defense appropriations bill funded F-15EX procurement at $1.23 billion for 12 aircraft, bringing total orders to 20 aircraft. By May 2022, the USAF had ordered 144 F-15EXs. It has proposed reducing its orders to 80. The first operational F-15EXs are not to receive conformal fuel tanks. The Air Force's proposed budget for fiscal 2024 includes funds to buy 24 more F-15EXs, which would bring the planned fleet up to 104 aircraft.",The Boeing F-15EX Eagle II is not expected to survive against modern air defenses by 2028. Due to the long time horizon for military hardware acquisition this does not make this aircraft suitable for many offensive war fighting missions over the coming years.,closed_qa How did Kdramas become so popular?,,"Korean dramas or Kdramas have been popular for over 2 decades now. However, the rise in popularity shot up during the pandemic. Kdramas were initially watched by people in Southeast Asian countries and in some places in South Asia. When the pandemic hit, a lot of Kdramas were available on Netflix making it easier for people to watch them. With word of mouth, this soon spread and more and more users were watching Kdramas. Netflix took advantage of this viewership and started making dramas of their own or buying rights for dramas to be streaming exclusively on Netflix. This soon led to Disney and other platforms making dramas of their own. Kpop has also helped in attracting viewers. Whether it's the captivating story plot, the acting, actors or action, the Hallyu wave has spread throughout the world.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about David Bowie, in which decade might you describe his music as having peaked?","David Robert Jones (8 January 1947 – 10 January 2016), known professionally as David Bowie (/ˈboʊi/ BOH-ee), was an English singer-songwriter and actor. A leading figure in the music industry, he is regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century. Bowie was acclaimed by critics and musicians, particularly for his innovative work during the 1970s. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, and his music and stagecraft had a significant impact on popular music.",1970s,closed_qa Who is Prince (musician)?,"Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016), commonly known mononymously as Prince, was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer.","Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016), commonly known mononymously as Prince, was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer. The recipient of numerous awards and nominations, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest musicians of his generation. He was known for his flamboyant, androgynous persona; his wide vocal range, which included a far-reaching falsetto and high-pitched screams; and his skill as a multi-instrumentalist, often preferring to play all or most of the instruments on his recordings. Prince produced his albums himself, pioneering the Minneapolis sound. His music incorporated a wide variety of styles, including funk, R&B, rock, new wave, soul, synth-pop, pop, jazz, and hip hop.",summarization Which is a species of fish? Sea bream or Sea shell,,Sea bream,classification "List all the years in order of appearance, separated by commas.","Grosvenor Museum is a museum in Chester, Cheshire, in the United Kingdom. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. Its full title is The Grosvenor Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, with Schools of Science and Art, for Chester, Cheshire and North Wales. It takes its name from the family name of the Dukes of Westminster, who are major landowners in Cheshire. The museum opened in 1886, it was extended in 1894, and major refurbishments took place between 1989 and 1999. Its contents include archaeological items from the Roman period, paintings, musical instruments, and a room arranged as a Victorian parlour.","1886, 1894, 1989, 1999",information_extraction Please summarize the causes and cure for color blindness given in the passage?,"The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited problem or variation in the functionality of one or more of the three classes of cone cells in the retina, which mediate color vision. The most common form is caused by a genetic disorder called congenital red–green color blindness. Males are more likely to be color blind than females, because the genes responsible for the most common forms of color blindness are on the X chromosome. Non-color-blind females can carry genes for color blindness and pass them on to their children. Color blindness can also result from physical or chemical damage to the eye, the optic nerve, or parts of the brain. Screening for color blindness is typically done with the Ishihara color test. There is no cure for color blindness. Diagnosis may allow an individual, or their parents/teachers to actively accommodate the condition. Special lenses such as EnChroma glasses or X-chrom contact lenses may help people with red–green color blindness at some color tasks, but they do not grant the wearer ""normal color vision"". Mobile apps can help people identify colors.","The most common cause of color blindness is genetic disorder. Males are more likely to be color blind than females, because the genes responsible for the same are present on the X chromosome. Females who are non-color blind could still carry and pass on genes for color blindness. Any kind of physical or chemical damage to the eye, optic nerve or brain could also lead to the same. There is no cure for color blindness. Affected people can actively accommodate the condition or use special glasses or lenses that can help people with red-green color blindness to a certain extent. There are mobile apps available as well to help identify colors.",summarization What is the benefit of cinnamon,,Helps control blood sugar levels and prevent heart disease,open_qa Where does the molecular formula of D-allulose?,,"The molecular formula for D-allulose, also referred to as psicose or allulose is C6H12O6.",open_qa What size of snowboard should I use?,,"The size of snowboard you should use is based on many different factors such as the skill of the rider, the weight and height of the rider, as well as the type of terrain you plan on riding. It is best to consult the manufacturer of the snowboard maker in order to make the best decision on the size of snowboard to use.",open_qa What are some sound personal financial practices to employ in the modern economy?,,"Although this is a vast topic there are some widely accepted best practices guidance for personal financial practices in the modern economy. Generally speaking, individuals should first keep track of what income and expenses they have. This often requires noting down monthly income and expenses in a spreadsheet. Once we have an understanding of our monthly income and expenses we can then create a budget. A budget is a financial plan meant to help us understand how much we can spend between paychecks and how much we can save. If we have any high interest debt or any debt, the loan or bill with the highest accruing interest, that becomes the first priority for us to spend our budget on after we account for our expenses. These are some sound personal financial practices to employ and we should try to keep our expenses and debt as low as we can while maximizing our income and savings as a general practice.",open_qa "What does Wittgenstein view as a problem with learning a language using ""ostensive defining""?","Wittgenstein clarifies the problem of communicating using a human language when he discusses learning a language by ""ostensive defining."" For example, if one wanted to teach someone that a pencil was called a ""pencil"" and pointed to a pencil and said, ""pencil,"" how does the listener know that what one is trying to convey is that the thing in front of me (e.g., the entire pencil) is called a ""pencil""? Isn't it possible that the listener would associate ""pencil"" with ""wood""? Maybe the listener would associate the word ""pencil"" with ""round"" instead (as pencils are, usually, in fact, round!). Wittgenstein writes regarding several possible ""interpretations"" which may arise after such a lesson. The student may interpret your pointing at a pencil and saying ""pencil"" to mean the following: (1) This is a pencil; (2) This is round; (3) This is wood; (4) This is one; (5) This is hard, etc., etc.","As example of ""Ostensive defining"" is pointing to an object and saying it's name. Wittgenstein sees ""ostensive defining"" as a problem of communication because simply linking a word to an object carries with it ambiguity. For instance, if someone pointed to a pencil and said, ""pencil"", the listener may not know exactly what the word refers to. It may refer to the pencil itself, the shape of the pencil, the material of the pencil, the quantity of the pencil, or any other quality of the pencil.",information_extraction "From the given text, write some important points about guitar's vibrato system","A vibrato system on a guitar is a mechanical device used to temporarily change the pitch of the strings. They add vibrato to the sound by changing the tension of the strings, typically at the bridge or tailpiece of an electric guitar using a controlling lever, which is alternately referred to as a whammy bar, vibrato bar, or incorrectly as a tremolo arm. The lever enables the player to quickly and temporarily vary the tension and sometimes length of the strings, changing the pitch to create a vibrato, portamento, or pitch bend effect. Instruments without a vibrato have other bridge and tailpiece systems.","1. A vibrato system is a mechanical component that alters the pitch of the strings on a guitar. 2. They modify the string tension at the bridge or tailpiece of an electric guitar using a regulating lever, sometimes known as a whammy bar, vibrato bar, or wrongly as a tremolo arm, to add vibrato to the music. 3. With the help of the lever, the musician can quickly and momentarily alter the tension and occasionally the length of the strings, which alters the pitch and produces effects such as vibrato, portamento, and pitch bend. 4. Vibrato-free instruments need different bridge and tailpiece systems.",summarization What is the Tritonia auriculata,Tritonia auriculata is a species of dendronotid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae.,Tritonia auriculata is a species of dendronotid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae,summarization What makes the platypus such an interesting animal?,,"The platypus is a mammal who lays eggs and has an incubation period approximately 10 days. They hunt by detecting minute electric fields of prey with sensitive bill and adult males have venomous spurs. They also have thick fur which provides insulation against cold water. While they are difficult to keep and breed in managed care settings, there are a few platypuses in zoos. Currently, two reside at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park and all others in Australian collections.",open_qa "Based on this wikipedia paragraph, what original tool was Kubernetes based on?","Kubernetes (κυβερνήτης kubernḗtēs, Greek for ""steersman, navigator"" or ""guide"", and the etymological root of cybernetics) was announced by Google in mid-2014. The project was created by Joe Beda, Brendan Burns, and Craig McLuckie, who were soon joined by other Google engineers, including Brian Grant and Tim Hockin. The design and development of Kubernetes was influenced by Google's Borg cluster manager. Many of its top contributors had previously worked on Borg; they codenamed Kubernetes ""Project 7"" after the Star Trek ex-Borg character Seven of Nine and gave its logo a seven-spoked wheel. Unlike Borg, which was written in C++, Kubernetes source code is in the Go language. Kubernetes 1.0 was released on July 21, 2015. Google worked with the Linux Foundation to form the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) and offered Kubernetes as a seed technology. In February 2016, the Helm package manager for Kubernetes was released.",Kubernetes was originally based on Google's Borg cluster manager tool.,closed_qa Write about something you hate.,,"I hate motorized scooters. I live in London and over the last few years, they have become extremely popular for people getting around the city. Most people are okay on them, but there are far too many who will go too fast, and ride on the pavement. I've been crashed into a few times and I have read news reports of people being seriously injured and killed by them. The rental scooters can often be left abandoned on the pavement or in parking spots, creating an eyesore and a hazard. They should be regulated better!",creative_writing What kind of species is the Blissus insularis,"Blissus insularis, the southern chinch bug, is a species of true bug in the family Blissidae. It is found in North America and Oceania.","Blissus insularis, the southern chinch bug, is a species of true bug in the family Blissidae. It is found in North America and Oceania.",summarization What is the Ritterhaus Uerikon,There is an old mansion (Ritterhuus) built in 1531 that bases on a tiny castle of 1492 serving as place of the former local administration of the Einsiedeln Abbey. It is located at the lake shore.,"There is an old mansion (Ritterhuus) built in 1531 that bases on a tiny castle of 1492 serving as place of the former local administration of the Einsiedeln Abbey. It is located at the lake shore in Uerikon, Switzerland.",summarization What does GPT stand for in ChatGPT?,,"GPT stands for generative pre-trained transformer which is a type of deep neural network model for natural language processing, i.e. large language model (LLM).",open_qa Write me a thank you note for my high-school teacher,,Thank you for being a supportive teacher and encouraging me to keep learning. I will always remember your encouragement as I move forward in my studies.,creative_writing Can kitesurfers sail up against the wind?,,"Yes, kitesurfers can sail up against the wind by edging their surfboard upwind at a slight angle relative to 90 degrees crosswind. Depending on the equipment and skill, kitesurfers can generally achieve an upwind angle of ~20 degrees.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about the First Treaty that was signed after the Russo-Japanese War, was there a secret component?","After the Russo-Japanese War, the First Treaty was signed on 30 July 1907 by Motono Ichirō, the Japanese Ambassador in Moscow, and Alexander Izvolsky, the Foreign Minister of Russian. The treaty was divided into two parts: one is open agreement, which respected the treaties concluded between the two countries and China, respected China's independence, promoted open doors, and achieved equal opportunities and another is secret agreement, which defined the scope of Japan's interests in Southern Manchuria and Russia's interests in Northern Manchuria and Japan recognized Russia's interests in Outer Mongolia, and Russia recognized Japan's interests in the Korean Peninsula.",Yes. The second part of the First Treaty contained a secret agreement which defined the political scope of each party's interest.,closed_qa Which Dutch explorer reached Tasmania and New Zealand in 1642?,,The Dutch explorer Abel Tasman reached Tasmania and New Zealand in 1642.,open_qa Who is the lead singer of Korn?,,"Jonathan Houseman Davis is the lead singer of nu-metal band, Korn.",open_qa "Given the referenced text, what Roman Emperor gave Roman Citizenship to all free men?","The third century AD showed some remarkable development for the empire as well as a potential decline and collapse. Emperor Caracalla's edict in 212 AD known as the Antoninian constitution delivered Roman citizenship to every free man in the empire, starting the decline of the importance of the city of Rome and indeed of Roman Italy for the Roman Empire. By the mid-third century AD, Pax Romana had come to an end, and several crises hit the empire simultaneously in a period known to history as the Crisis of the third century. This period saw the empire exposed to rampant inflation, natural disasters, secession and civil wars taking places over several decades. The secessions ended with emperor Aurelian’s conquest of the secessionist Palmyrene Empire and Gallic Empire in 273 and 274 AD, as Aurelian unified a splintered empire which, according to many historians, should have been doomed. However, Aurelian was assassinated in 276 AD, sparking additional civil wars. The crisis came to an end only through the ascension of emperor Diocletian to the throne. The West suffered more heavily from these decades of crisis due to this distinction between the established and more prosperous Hellenised East and the younger colonized and Romanized West that had persisted. This cultural division of the Roman Empire into an eastern Greek and western Latin part became increasingly important in later centuries, leading to a gradual estrangement of the two Roman worlds. Emperor Diocletian created the administrative system known as the Dominate to guarantee security in all endangered regions of his empire. The dominate was in comparison with the principate, a huge imperial bureaucracy, which laid the foundations for the power structure of the later Eastern Roman Empire. With this came a redistricting and reduction of Roman provinces. Diocletian scrapped any pretense of republican rule as the emperor moved away from formally being merely ""Princeps"" to being ""Dominus"" - Lord and master. Diocletian also formally finished the process of restructuring the empire, from being a colonial-styled empire ruled by Rome and Roman Italians in the first century AD to a larger imperial entity where the emperor's court was not bound to the city of Rome or Italy, now only one Roman imperial province among many. The norm of emperors being Roman Italians was first broken by emperor Trajan who came from Hispania. By the time of the Severan dynasty, most emperors were originating from outside of Italy. When Diocletian introduced his reforms, this had the effect of the Roman Senate formally lost its already declining imperial influence and became a de facto regional body of decision-making. An early instance of the partition of the empire into East and West occurred in 286, when Emperor Diocletian appointed Maximian as augustus of the West. In 293 AD, the empire went through a devolution under Diocletian known as the Tetrarchy. The empire was split into four, with the two most prominent parts of the empire each ruled by one emperor (Augustus). Each co-emperor then appointed a young colleague as caesar to be a subordinate emperor with control over his own territory. The Caesar shared power with and would eventually succeed the senior partner. Each tetrarch was in charge of a part of the empire, with the divisions based on geographic regions. This devolution outlines the coming split 100 years later when the empire was permanently divided into an eastern and western empire. The tetrarchy however only lasted 20 years, as emperors quickly began fighting each other for power. The whole empire was eventually reunited by Constantine the Great in 324 after he ended the last of these civil wars.",Emperor Caracalla gave Roman Citizenship to all free men in the Roman Empire.,closed_qa What are the Olympic Games?,,"The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (French: Jeux olympiques)are the leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 teams, representing sovereign states and territories, participating. The Olympic Games are normally held every four years, and since 1994, have alternated between the Summer and Winter Olympics every two years during the four-year period.",open_qa "Of the living animal species which have been described, which group has the most?","Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and grow from a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. As of 2022, 2.16 million living animal species have been described—of which around 1.05 million are insects, over 36,000 are fishes, around 11,700 are reptiles, over 11,100 are birds, and 6,596 mammals—but it has been estimated there are around 7.77 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from 8.5 micrometres (0.00033 in) to 33.6 metres (110 ft). They have complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology.","There are 1.05 million (1,050,000) insect species, which is the largest group in the animal kingdom.",closed_qa Who owns the largest share of the Vancouver Whitecaps FC?,"Vancouver Whitecaps FC is owned by a group of four investors: Greg Kerfoot, Steve Luczo, Jeff Mallett, and Steve Nash. The group has a collective net worth over $2 billion. Kerfoot has been the majority owner of the Whitecaps since 2002, when he saved the club from contraction after previous owner David Stadnyk left the club, selling it to United Soccer Leagues. Mallett, a former chief operating officer (COO) of Yahoo!, who was raised in Victoria, British Columbia, and played for several collegiate soccer teams. He later purchased minority stakes in the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball and English soccer club Derby County F.C. Having first met at a charity soccer event in 2005, Mallett partnered with Steve Nash—a two-time National Basketball Association (NBA) Most Valuable Player who was also raised in Victoria—to put together a bid for a minority share of English soccer club Tottenham Hotspur F.C. in 2008. After that transaction fell through, the duo contacted Kerfoot about a minority stake in the club. Nash is the older brother of former Whitecaps midfielder Martin Nash. The fourth partner, Steve Luczo, is the president, chairman, and CEO of Seagate Technology and a partner in Boston Basketball Partners L.L.C., a group who own the NBA Boston Celtics. Luczo met Kerfoot while the two were both employed by Seagate Technology, and Kerfoot contacted Luczo proposing he become part of the club's MLS bid. In 2009, the group paid a $35 million expansion fee to MLS for the right to join the league.","Of the group of 4 investors, Greg Kerfoot is the majority owner the Vancouver Whitecaps FC investors group.",information_extraction How old is the Earth?,"The geologic time scale is a way of representing deep time based on events that have occurred throughout Earth's history, a time span of about 4.54 ± 0.05 Ga (4.54 billion years). It chronologically organizes strata, and subsequently time, by observing fundamental changes in stratigraphy that correspond to major geological or paleontological events. For example, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, marks the lower boundary of the Paleogene System/Period and thus the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene Systems/Periods. For divisions prior to the Cryogenian, arbitrary numeric boundary definitions (Global Standard Stratigraphic Ages, GSSAs) are used to divide geologic time. Proposals have been made to better reconcile these divisions with the rock record.",Earth is about 4.54 billion years old.,information_extraction Which company built the F-22 Raptor?,"The Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor is an American single-seat, twin-engine, all-weather stealth tactical fighter aircraft developed for the United States Air Force (USAF). As the result of the USAF's Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) program, the aircraft was designed as an air superiority fighter, but also has ground attack, electronic warfare, and signals intelligence capabilities. The prime contractor, Lockheed Martin, built most of the F-22's airframe and weapons systems and conducted final assembly, while Boeing provided the wings, aft fuselage, avionics integration, and training systems. The aircraft first flew in 1997 and was variously designated F-22 and F/A-22 before it formally entered service in December 2005 as the F-22A. Although the USAF had originally planned to buy a total of 750 ATFs, the program was cut to 187 operational aircraft in 2009 due to high costs, a lack of air-to-air missions at the time of production, and the development of the more affordable and versatile F-35.[N 1] The last F-22 was delivered in 2012. While it had a protracted development and initial operational difficulties, the F-22 has become a critical component of the USAF's tactical airpower. The fighter's combination of stealth, aerodynamic performance, and mission systems enabled a leap in air combat capabilities and set the benchmark for its generation. The F-22 is expected to serve into the 2030s and eventually be succeeded by the USAF's Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) manned fighter component.","Lockheed Martin was the main contractor responsible for the development of the F-22, but Boeing also contributed to some subsystems.",closed_qa What are isobars and what are they commonly used for?,"An isobar is a line of equal or constant pressure on a graph, plot, or map; an isopleth or contour line of pressure. More accurately, isobars are lines drawn on a map joining places of equal average atmospheric pressure reduced to sea level for a specified period of time. In meteorology, the barometric pressures shown are reduced to sea level, not the surface pressures at the map locations. The distribution of isobars is closely related to the magnitude and direction of the wind field, and can be used to predict future weather patterns. Isobars are commonly used in television weather reporting.","An isobar is a line of equal or constant pressure on a graph, plot, or map. Isobars are commonly used in television weather reporting.",summarization How many innings are played in a professional baseball game?,,Nine innings are played in a professional baseball game.,open_qa Who is Magic Johnson?,,"Earvin “Magic” Johnson grew up in Michigan and attended Michigan State University. He played basketball for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). His hall-of-fame career included five NBA championships. Following his basketball career, Magic has pursued coaching, entertainment and business.",open_qa What are the words of House Tully?,,"""Family, Duty, Honor.""",open_qa In 93rd Academy Awards(Oscar Awards)The Best Picture award was given to whom?,,Nomadland,open_qa "Based on the given text, List some aspects of the pearl.","A pearl is a hard, glistening object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusk or another animal, such as fossil conulariids. Just like the shell of a mollusk, a pearl is composed of calcium carbonate (mainly aragonite or a mixture of aragonite and calcite) in minute crystalline form, which has deposited in concentric layers. The ideal pearl is perfectly round and smooth, but many other shapes, known as baroque pearls, can occur. The finest quality of natural pearls have been highly valued as gemstones and objects of beauty for many centuries. Because of this, pearl has become a metaphor for something rare, fine, admirable and valuable.","1. Pearl is a sparkling and hard object which is produced inside mollusk shell or other shells. 2. Just like the shells pearls are also composed of calcium carbonate. 3. The Ideal pearl is perfectly round and smooth, but it can come in different shapes like baroque pearls. 4. The best quality natural pearls are valued as gemstones. 5. Since pearls are fine, rare and valuable it has become a metaphor.",summarization Who won the 2018 NHL Stanley Cup Finals?,,"The Washington Capitals won the 2018 Stanley Cup on June 8th, 2018. They defeated the Las Vegas Golden Nights 4 games to 1 in a best of 7 game series. The Capitals were coached by Barry Trotz and led by team captain, Alex Ovechkin, who won the Conn Smythe Trophy as Most Valuable Player.",open_qa Where is Galapogas Island located? What is the area of Galapogas? How many islands are there in total? When was the first island formed? What are few Volcanos in Galapogas?,"The islands are located in the eastern Pacific Ocean, 973 km (605 mi) off the west coast of South America. The majority of islands are also more broadly part of the South Pacific. The closest land mass is that of mainland Ecuador, the country to which they belong, 926 km (500 nmi) to the east. Orthographic projection centered over the Galápagos. School of scalloped hammerheads, Wolf Island, Galápagos Islands. Grapsus grapsus on the rocks. Satellite photo of the Galápagos islands overlaid with the names of the visible main islands. Isabela seen from Spot Satellite. Waved albatrosses on Española. Galápagos marine iguana. Main Street on San Cristóbal Island. An animated tour of the Galápagos. NASA oceanographer Gene Carl Feldman reflects on his unique perspective on this region. The islands are found at the coordinates 1°40'N–1°36'S, 89°16'–92°01'W. Straddling the equator, islands in the chain are located in both the northern and southern hemispheres, with Volcán Wolf and Volcán Ecuador on Isla Isabela being directly on the equator. Española Island, the southernmost islet of the archipelago, and Darwin Island, the northernmost one, are spread out over a distance of 220 km (137 mi). The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) considers them wholly within the South Pacific Ocean, however The Galápagos Archipelago consists of 7,880 km2 (3,040 sq mi) of land spread over 45,000 km2 (17,000 sq mi) of ocean. The largest of the islands, Isabela, measures 2,250 square miles (5,800 km2)and makes up close to three-quarters of the total land area of the Galápagos. Volcán Wolf on Isabela is the highest point, with an elevation of 1,707 m (5,600 ft) above sea level. The group consists of 18 main islands, 3 smaller islands, and 107 rocks and islets. The islands are located at the Galapagos Triple Junction. The archipelago is located on the Nazca Plate (a tectonic plate), which is moving east/southeast, diving under the South American Plate at a rate of about 2.5 inches (6.4 cm) per year.It is also atop the Galápagos hotspot, a place where the Earth's crust is being melted from below by a mantle plume, creating volcanoes. The first islands formed here at least 8 million and possibly up to 90 million years ago. While the older islands have disappeared below the sea as they moved away from the mantle plume, the youngest islands, Isabela and Fernandina, are still being formed. In April 2009, lava from the volcanic island Fernandina started flowing both towards the island's shoreline and into the center caldera. In late June 2018, Sierra Negra, one of five volcanoes on Isabela and one of the most active in the Galapagos archipelago, began erupting for the first time since 2005. Lava flows made their way to the coastline, prompting the evacuation of about fifty nearby residents and restricting tourist access.","The islands are located in the eastern Pacific Ocean, 973 km off the west coast of South America. The islands are found at the coordinates 1°40'N–1°36'S, 89°16'–92°01'W 7,880 km2 of land is the total area of Galapogos Island. The group consists of 18 main islands, 3 smaller islands. The first islands formed here at least 8 million and possibly up to 90 million years ago Sierra Negra is one of the five volcanoes.",closed_qa What is tequila?,,"Tequila is an alcoholic beverage made in Mexico. It is Mexico's national drink. It is made from the heart of the agave plant. There are three kinds of tequila, Silver, Reposado and Anejo.",open_qa Who wrote the Lord of the Rings?,,Lord of the Rings was written by J.R.R. Tolkien. Tolkien also wrote The Hobbit.,open_qa What does democratizing data mean?,,"Making data accessible to all people and educating people on how to work with data, no matter their technical background.",open_qa What are the FAANG companies?,,"Five of the best performing tech stocks of the last decade are Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix, and Google. Those five stocks have been pulled together into an the acronym FAANG.",open_qa How rich is Gabon and why?,"The economy of Gabon is characterized by strong links with France, large foreign investments, dependence on skilled foreign labor, and decline of agriculture. Gabon enjoys a per capita income four times that of most nations of sub-Saharan Africa, its reliance on resource extraction industry releasing much of the population from extreme poverty. The country is rich in natural resources such as timber, manganese and oil. The country is the fifth largest oil producing nation in Africa, which has helped drive its strong growth in the later 20th century. The oil sector now accounts for 50% of GDP and 80% of exports. Although there have been recent offshore finds, oil production is now declining from its peak of 370,000 barrels per day (59,000 m3/d) in 1997, and periods of low oil prices have had a negative impact on government revenues and the economy. In 2012 there were six active oil rigs in Gabon. The government has plans to diversify its economy away from its dwindling oil reserves. The government announced in 2012 that it would reassess exactly how much iron ore the Belinga site contains before awarding the concession to a mining company, most likely to be China's CMEC, which temporarily secured the rights to the ore in 2007. Around 80% of Gabonese live in cities. The capital city, Libreville is home to 59% of the total population. The remainder of the country is still sparsely populated, as those areas remain densely forested.","Gabon's per capita income is four times that of most nations of sub-Saharan Africa. Owing to an abundance of natural resources such as timber, manganese and oil, its resource extraction industry has thrived. This has helped raise the living standards of the population.",information_extraction Which is a species of fish? Silver hake or Silverback,,Silver hake,classification Write a paragraph to convince someone to visit Porto Portugal.,,Porto Portugal is an amazing travel destination that is easily accessible by train from the capital of Lisbon. Porto is coastal town with great beaches and is the primary distributer of port wine that is grown in vineyards from the Douro Valley. In Porto you can explore the many distributors that age the port wine and take a trip on the Douro River in one of the boats that used to be used to transport port barrels from the vineyards to Porto. You can also take a day trip by bus to the Douro Valley and visit the many vineyards and sample the port wine.,creative_writing What is the Swiney Prize?,"The Swiney Prize, a British award made every five years by the Royal Society of Arts with the Royal College of Physicians, was set up by the will of George Swiney, an English physician who died in 1844. The prize came to be awarded alternately for medical jurisprudence and general jurisprudence. New cups were designed, after an initial stable period when a pattern by Daniel Maclise was reused. The first new design came in 1919, by Melvin Oliver. George Swiney (1793–1844) George Swiney, a physician, was the son of William Swiney (1748–1829), Admiral of the Red. He was born on 8-Jun-1793 at St Marylebone, Middlesex, England. He was educated at Edinburgh University, where he graduated M.D. in 1816. Having retired from practice, he settled in London, lived a secluded life, and acquired a reputation as an eccentric. He spent much time on his will and died at Grove Street, Camden Town, on 21 January 1844. He bequeathed £5,000 to the Society of Arts, to found a quinquennial prize for the best published essay on jurisprudence, the prize to be adjudicated jointly by the Society of Arts and the London College of Physicians","The Swiney Prize is a British award issued every five years by the Royal Society of Arts with the Royal College of Physicians. The prize is awarded for medical jurisprudence and general jurisprudence (alternately). The award was set up by the will of George Swiney, an English physician who died in 1844.",summarization What is the most dangerous motorcycle race in the world?,,The Isle of Man TT is most likely the deadliest motorcycle race in the world. The race takes place once a year on a small island between Ireland and the United Kingdom called Isle of Man. The very first race was held in 1907 and since then 265 riders have lost their lives.,open_qa Where do we find Asiatic lions in India?,,Gujarat is the only state in India with a Lion population and Ghir national forest is home to many of the Asiatic lions. Lions were protected in India after Governments started establishing National reserve forests across the country.,open_qa Think of different ways to make friends,,"Here are some ways to make friends: 1. Join a running club or other sports league 2. Go out to social bars and restaurants 3. Take time to meet your friend's friends 4. Ask coworkers to hang out after work 5. Join different local groups on social media platforms",brainstorming What are the four main linguistic and cultural regions of Switzerland?,"Switzerland originates from the Old Swiss Confederacy established in the Late Middle Ages, following a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy; the Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the country's founding document. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Switzerland has maintained a policy of armed neutrality since the 16th century and has not fought an international war since 1815. It joined the United Nations only in 2002, but pursues an active foreign policy that include frequent involvement in peace-building processes worldwide. Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross, one of the world's oldest and best-known humanitarian organisations, and hosts the headquarters or offices of most major international institutions, including the WTO, the WHO, the ILO, FIFA, and the United Nations. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), but not part of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area, or the Eurozone; however, it participates in the European single market and the Schengen Area through bilateral treaties. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern. It has four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Although most Swiss are German-speaking, national identity is fairly cohesive, being rooted in a common historical background, shared values such as federalism and direct democracy, and Alpine symbolism. Swiss identity transcends language, ethnicity, and religion, leading to Switzerland being described as a Willensnation (""nation of volition"") rather than a nation state.","German, French, Italian and Romansh",information_extraction What is MapReduce?,,"MapReduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating big data sets with a parallel, distributed algorithm on a cluster. A MapReduce program is composed of a map procedure, which performs filtering and sorting, and a reduce method, which performs a summary operation.",open_qa "Given this article about Operation Aurora, Which nation was beleived to be behund the attacks?","Operation Aurora was a series of cyber attacks conducted by advanced persistent threats such as the Elderwood Group based in Beijing, China, with ties to the People's Liberation Army. First publicly disclosed by Google on January 12, 2010, in a blog post, the attacks began in mid-2009 and continued through December 2009. The attack was aimed at dozens of other organizations, of which Adobe Systems, Akamai Technologies, Juniper Networks, and Rackspace have publicly confirmed that they were targeted. According to media reports, Yahoo, Symantec, Northrop Grumman, Morgan Stanley, and Dow Chemical were also among the targets. As a result of the attack, Google stated in its blog that it plans to operate a completely uncensored version of its search engine in China ""within the law, if at all,"" and acknowledged that if this is not possible, it may leave China and close its Chinese offices. Official Chinese sources claimed this was part of a strategy developed by the U.S. government. The attack was named ""Operation Aurora"" by Dmitri Alperovitch, Vice President of Threat Research at cybersecurity company McAfee. Research by McAfee Labs discovered that ""Aurora"" was part of the file path on the attacker's machine that was included in two of the malware binaries McAfee said were associated with the attack. ""We believe the name was the internal name the attacker(s) gave to this operation,"" McAfee Chief Technology Officer George Kurtz said in a blog post. According to McAfee, the primary goal of the attack was to gain access to and potentially modify source code repositories at these high-tech, security, and defense contractor companies. ""[The SCMs] were wide open,"" says Alperovitch. ""No one ever thought about securing them, yet these were the crown jewels of most of these companies in many ways—much more valuable than any financial or personally identifiable data that they may have and spend so much time and effort protecting."" History Flowers left outside Google China's headquarters after its announcement it might leave the country On January 12, 2010, Google revealed on its blog that it had been the victim of a cyber attack. The company said the attack occurred in mid-December and originated from China. Google stated that over 20 other companies had been attacked; other sources have since cited that more than 34 organizations were targeted. As a result of the attack, Google said it was reviewing its business in China. On the same day, United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton issued a brief statement condemning the attacks and requesting a response from China. On January 13, 2010, the news agency All Headline News reported that the United States Congress plans to investigate Google's allegations that the Chinese government used the company's service to spy on human rights activists. In Beijing, visitors left flowers outside of Google's office. However, these were later removed, with a Chinese security guard stating that this was an ""illegal flower tribute"". The Chinese government has yet to issue a formal response, although an anonymous official stated that China was seeking more information on Google's intentions. Attackers involved Further information: Cyberwarfare by China Technical evidence including IP addresses, domain names, malware signatures, and other factors, show Elderwood was behind the Operation Aurora attack. The ""Elderwood"" group was named by Symantec (after a source-code variable used by the attackers), and is referred to as the ""Beijing Group"" by Dell Secureworks. The group obtained some of Google's source code, as well as access to information about Chinese activists. Elderwood also targeted numerous other companies in the shipping, aeronautics, arms, energy, manufacturing, engineering, electronics, financial, and software sectors. The ""APT"" designation for the Chinese threat actors responsible for attacking Google is APT17. Elderwood specializes in attacking and infiltrating second-tier defense industry suppliers that make electronic or mechanical components for top defense companies. Those firms then become a cyber ""stepping stone"" to gain access to top-tier defense contractors. One attack procedure used by Elderwood is to infect legitimate websites frequented by employees of the target company – a so-called ""water hole"" attack, just as lions stake out a watering hole for their prey. Elderwood infects these less-secure sites with malware that downloads to a computer that clicks on the site. After that, the group searches inside the network to which the infected computer is connected, finding and then downloading executives' e-mails and critical documents on company plans, decisions, acquisitions, and product designs. Attack analysis In its blog posting, Google stated that some of its intellectual property had been stolen. It suggested that the attackers were interested in accessing Gmail accounts of Chinese dissidents. According to the Financial Times, two accounts used by Ai Weiwei had been attacked, their contents read and copied; his bank accounts were investigated by state security agents who claimed he was under investigation for ""unspecified suspected crimes"". However, the attackers were only able to view details on two accounts and those details were limited to things such as the subject line and the accounts' creation date. Security experts immediately noted the sophistication of the attack. Two days after the attack became public, McAfee reported that the attackers had exploited purported zero-day vulnerabilities (unfixed and previously unknown to the target system developers) in Internet Explorer and dubbed the attack ""Operation Aurora"". A week after the report by McAfee, Microsoft issued a fix for the issue, and admitted that they had known about the security hole used since September. Additional vulnerabilities were found in Perforce, the source code revision software used by Google to manage their source code. VeriSign's iDefense Labs claimed that the attacks were perpetrated by ""agents of the Chinese state or proxies thereof"". According to a diplomatic cable from the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, a Chinese source reported that the Chinese Politburo directed the intrusion into Google's computer systems. The cable suggested that the attack was part of a coordinated campaign executed by ""government operatives, public security experts and Internet outlaws recruited by the Chinese government."" The report suggested that it was part of an ongoing campaign in which attackers have ""broken into American government computers and those of Western allies, the Dalai Lama and American businesses since 2002."" According to The Guardian's reporting on the leak, the attacks were ""orchestrated by a senior member of the Politburo who typed his own name into the global version of the search engine and found articles criticising him personally."" Once a victim's system was compromised, a backdoor connection that masqueraded as an SSL connection made connections to command and control servers running in Illinois, Texas, and Taiwan, including machines that were running under stolen Rackspace customer accounts. The victim's machine then began exploring the protected corporate intranet that it was a part of, searching for other vulnerable systems as well as sources of intellectual property, specifically the contents of source code repositories. The attacks were thought to have definitively ended on Jan 4 when the command and control servers were taken down, although it is not known at this point whether or not the attackers intentionally shut them down. However, the attacks were still occurring as of February 2010. Response and aftermath The German, Australian, and French governments publicly issued warnings to users of Internet Explorer after the attack, advising them to use alternative browsers at least until a fix for the security hole was made. The German, Australian, and French governments considered all versions of Internet Explorer vulnerable or potentially vulnerable. In an advisory on January 14, 2010, Microsoft said that attackers targeting Google and other U.S. companies used software that exploits a hole in Internet Explorer. The vulnerability affects Internet Explorer versions 6, 7, and 8 on Windows 7, Vista, Windows XP, Server 2003, Server 2008 R2, as well as IE 6 Service Pack 1 on Windows 2000 Service Pack 4. The Internet Explorer exploit code used in the attack has been released into the public domain, and has been incorporated into the Metasploit Framework penetration testing tool. A copy of the exploit was uploaded to Wepawet, a service for detecting and analyzing web-based malware operated by the computer security group at the University of California, Santa Barbara. ""The public release of the exploit code increases the possibility of widespread attacks using the Internet Explorer vulnerability,"" said George Kurtz, CTO of McAfee, of the attack. ""The now public computer code may help cybercriminals craft attacks that use the vulnerability to compromise Windows systems."" Security company Websense said it identified ""limited public use"" of the unpatched IE vulnerability in drive-by attacks against users who strayed onto malicious Web sites. According to Websense, the attack code it spotted is the same as the exploit that went public last week.[clarification needed] ""Internet Explorer users currently face a real and present danger due to the public disclosure of the vulnerability and release of attack code, increasing the possibility of widespread attacks,"" said George Kurtz, chief technology officer of McAfee, in a blog update. Confirming this speculation, Websense Security Labs identified additional sites using the exploit on January 19. According to reports from Ahnlab, the second URL was spread through the Instant Messenger network Misslee Messenger, a popular IM client in South Korea. Researchers have created attack code that exploits the vulnerability in Internet Explorer 7 (IE7) and IE8—even when Microsoft's recommended defensive measure (Data Execution Prevention (DEP)) is turned on.[dubious – discuss] According to Dino Dai Zovi, a security vulnerability researcher, ""even the newest IE8 isn't safe from attack if it's running on Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) or earlier, or on Windows Vista RTM (release to manufacturing), the version Microsoft shipped in January 2007."" Microsoft admitted that the security hole used had been known to them since September. Work on an update was prioritized and on Thursday, January 21, 2010, Microsoft released a security patch aiming to counter this weakness, the published exploits based on it and a number of other privately reported vulnerabilities. They did not state if any of the latter had been used or published by exploiters or whether these had any particular relation to the Aurora operation, but the entire cumulative update was termed critical for most versions of Windows, including Windows 7. Security researchers continued to investigate the attacks. HBGary, a security firm, released a report in which they claimed to have found some significant markers that might help identify the code developer. The firm also said that the code was Chinese language based but could not be specifically tied to any government entity. On February 19, 2010, a security expert investigating the cyber-attack on Google, has claimed that the people behind the attack were also responsible for the cyber-attacks made on several Fortune 100 companies in the past one and a half years. They have also tracked the attack back to its point of origin, which seems to be two Chinese schools, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Lanxiang Vocational School. As highlighted by The New York Times, both of these schools have ties with the Chinese search engine Baidu, a rival of Google China. Both Lanxiang Vocational and Jiaotong University have denied the allegation. In March 2010, Symantec, which was helping investigate the attack for Google, identified Shaoxing as the source of 21.3% of all (12 billion) malicious emails sent throughout the world. Google retrospective On October 3, 2022, Google on YouTube released a six-episode series covering the events that occurred during Operation Aurora, with commentary from insiders who dealt with the attack, though the series primary focus was to reassure the Google-using public that measures are in place to counter hacking attempts.",China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) is believed to be behind this operation.,closed_qa What does nationwide do?,,"Nationwide is a group of insurance companies in the United States, and other financial services. Their main head quarters is out of Arizona and they offer many services. Some of the services they offer are car insurance, home owners insurance, motorcycle insurance, pet and farm insurance, and life and commercial insurance. Insurance is a great thing to have in case you have an accident.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about Choro music style, what are the instruments usually used to play Choro ?","Originally choro was played by a trio of flute, guitar and cavaquinho (a small chordophone with four strings). Other instruments commonly played in choro are the mandolin, clarinet, saxophone, trumpet and trombone. These melody instruments are backed by a rhythm section composed of 6-string guitar, 7-string guitar (playing bass lines) and light percussion, such as a pandeiro. The cavaquinho appears sometimes as a melody instrument, other times as part of the rhythm.","Usually, choro is played by a flute, guitar and cavaquinho but other instruments are commonly played as the mandolin, clarinet, saxophone, trumpet and trombone. Also, to back the melody, a 6-string guitar, a 7-string guitar and a pandeiro are present. Finally, the cavaquinho appears as a rhythm or melody instrument.",closed_qa Extract what factions fight in the video game Command & Conquer: Red Alert,"Command & Conquer: Red Alert takes place in a parallel universe. At the Trinity Site in New Mexico in 1946, Albert Einstein prepares to travel back in time. He activates his experimental time machine to find himself in Landsberg, Germany, on December 20, 1924, where he meets a young Adolf Hitler just after the latter's release from Landsberg Prison. Following a brief conversation between the two, Einstein shakes Hitler's hand, which erases him from the timeline. Hitler's death prevents him from rising to power as leader of Nazi Germany, effectively creating a new timeline. Without Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union (USSR) grows powerful under the rule of Joseph Stalin. The USSR seizes land from China and then invades Eastern Europe, to achieve Joseph Stalin's vision of a Soviet Union stretching across the entire Eurasian landmass. In response, the countries of Western Europe (including an already-rearmed Germany) form the Allied Nations and start a guerrilla war against the invading Soviet Army. Over the course of the game's story, the Allies and Soviets fight for control over the European mainland in an alternate World War II",The Allies and the Soviets fight for control over Europe in the game Command & Conquer: Red Alert,information_extraction When was the last time aliens visited the earth?,,"There is no evidence that aliens have ever visited the earth. There have been many claims including UFO sightings, strange atmospheric patterns, ancient buildings showing characteristics outside of human capabilities at that time. But all of these have been refuted and there is no credible evidence of alien visitation.",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the name of the person who first proposed and tested the law of conservation of energy.","In physics and chemistry, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant; it is said to be conserved over time. This law, first proposed and tested by Émilie du Châtelet, means that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it can only be transformed or transferred from one form to another. For instance, chemical energy is converted to kinetic energy when a stick of dynamite explodes. If one adds up all forms of energy that were released in the explosion, such as the kinetic energy and potential energy of the pieces, as well as heat and sound, one will get the exact decrease of chemical energy in the combustion of the dynamite.",Émilie du Châtelet first proposed and tested the law of conservation of energy.,information_extraction "Given a reference text about Lotus Mark IX, who designed the car?","The Lotus Mark IX (1955) was an aluminium-bodied sports racing car manufactured by Lotus Engineering Ltd. About thirty of the Mark IX sports racing cars were made. It was closely related to the Lotus model Mark VIII (1954), of which only about seven cars were made. These cars were largely based on the innovative space frame of the Lotus Mark VI (1952). The highly aerodynamic bodies were designed by Frank Costin and constructed by Williams & Pritchard Limited. During this early era, of 1954–1955, Lotus Engineering was still a fledgling company, and cars were delivered in different states of completion on special orders. Similar to the Mark VIII, the Mark IX was available in various configurations and different engines, including the 1500 cc MG, 1500 cc Connaught and 2-litre Bristol were fitted. However, the Mark IX designation is most often powered by the 1100 cc Coventry Climax engine. Apparently, two models of Mark IX were offered – the ""Club"" and the ""Le Mans"", the latter of which had larger drum brakes fitted.",The Lotus Mark IX was designed by Frank Costin.,closed_qa What are some different types of used clothing stores?,,"Used clothing can be purchased in a variety of settings. There are second hand or thrift stores. These often rely on donations of used clothing from community members. Sometimes the organizations running these stores uses some of the proceeds to run community building or religious programming. There are also second hand stores that buy used clothing, to sell at a premium. Some antique stores also have sections for vintage clothing. There are also online retailers of vintage or other used clothing.",brainstorming How can the Federal Reserve control inflation?,,"The Federal Reserve has a ""dual mandate"" to both keep prices stable and maintain the highest level of sustainable employment. Controlling inflation falls into the scope of price stability. The Fed has three main tools to achieve this goal. First, they can change the Federal Funds Rate which is the interest rate used by banks for inter-bank lending and is the foundation for interest rates more broadly. An increase in the Federal Funds Rate, will cause interest rates to increase for loans, mortgages, credit cards, etc. The higher costs of interest rates cause prices to decrease. Second, the Fed can set expectations for path of the Federal Funds Rate via announcements from Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) and ""Fed Speak"" from individual Fed governors. These updates and commentary are based on the Feds marcoeconcomic forecasts and the individual opinions of the Fed governors. These expectations can influence the publics expectation for inflation and therefore the actual path of inflation. Lastly, the Fed has many technical tools for influencing credit markets and the interest rates on government bonds. These tools involve buying/selling US treasuries or providing assurances to select credit markets. These actions can tighten/loosen these credit markets and therfore indirectly influence actual interest rates. In summary, all three tools used by the Fed play a part in the strategy for controlling inflation.",open_qa What is the United States Bill of Rights?,"The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the often bitter 1787–88 debate over the ratification of the Constitution and written to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution are reserved to the states or the people. The concepts codified in these amendments are built upon those in earlier documents, especially the Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776), as well as the Northwest Ordinance (1787), the English Bill of Rights (1689), and Magna Carta (1215). Largely because of the efforts of Representative James Madison, who studied the deficiencies of the Constitution pointed out by anti-federalists and then crafted a series of corrective proposals, Congress approved twelve articles of amendment on September 25, 1789, and submitted them to the states for ratification. Contrary to Madison's proposal that the proposed amendments be incorporated into the main body of the Constitution (at the relevant articles and sections of the document), they were proposed as supplemental additions (codicils) to it. Articles Three through Twelve were ratified as additions to the Constitution on December 15, 1791, and became Amendments One through Ten of the Constitution. Article Two became part of the Constitution on May 5, 1992, as the Twenty-seventh Amendment. Article One is still pending before the states. Although Madison's proposed amendments included a provision to extend the protection of some of the Bill of Rights to the states, the amendments that were finally submitted for ratification applied only to the federal government. The door for their application upon state governments was opened in the 1860s, following ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment. Since the early 20th century both federal and state courts have used the Fourteenth Amendment to apply portions of the Bill of Rights to state and local governments. The process is known as incorporation. There are several original engrossed copies of the Bill of Rights still in existence. One of these is on permanent public display at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.","The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the often bitter 1787–88 debate over the ratification of the Constitution and written to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution are reserved to the states or the people. The concepts codified in these amendments are built upon those in earlier documents, especially the Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776), as well as the Northwest Ordinance (1787), the English Bill of Rights (1689), and the Magna Carta (1215).",closed_qa Where was the 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships held?,The 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championships for track cycling in 2018. They took place in the Netherlands at the Omnisport Apeldoorn from 28 February to 4 March 2018.,"The UCI Track Cycling World Championships were held in Omnisport Apeldoorn velodrome, in the Netherlands.",closed_qa What is the origin of man?,"Humans (Homo sapiens) are the most common and widespread species of primate in the great ape family Hominidae, and also the most common species of primate overall. Humans are broadly characterized by their bipedalism and high intelligence. Humans' large brain and resulting cognitive skills have allowed them to thrive in a variety of environments and develop complex societies and civilizations. Humans are highly social and tend to live in complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families and kinship networks to political states. As such, social interactions between humans have established a wide variety of values, social norms, languages, and rituals, each of which bolsters human society. The desire to understand and influence phenomena has motivated humanity's development of science, technology, philosophy, mythology, religion, and other conceptual frameworks. Although some scientists equate the term ""humans"" with all members of the genus Homo, in common usage it generally refers to Homo sapiens, the only extant member. Anatomically modern humans emerged around 300,000 years ago in Africa, evolving from Homo heidelbergensis or a similar species and migrating out of Africa, gradually replacing or interbreeding with local populations of archaic humans. For most of history, humans were nomadic hunter-gatherers. Humans began exhibiting behavioral modernity about 160,000–60,000 years ago. The Neolithic Revolution, which began in Southwest Asia around 13,000 years ago (and separately in a few other places), saw the emergence of agriculture and permanent human settlement. As populations became larger and denser, forms of governance developed within and between communities, and a number of civilizations have risen and fallen. Humans have continued to expand, with a global population of over 8 billion as of 2022. Genes and the environment influence human biological variation in visible characteristics, physiology, disease susceptibility, mental abilities, body size, and life span. Though humans vary in many traits (such as genetic predispositions and physical features), any two humans are at least 99% genetically similar. Humans are sexually dimorphic: generally, males have greater body strength and females have a higher body fat percentage. At puberty, humans develop secondary sexual characteristics. Females are capable of pregnancy, usually between puberty, at around 12 years old, and menopause, around the age of 50. Humans are omnivorous, capable of consuming a wide variety of plant and animal material, and have used fire and other forms of heat to prepare and cook food since the time of Homo erectus. Humans can survive for up to eight weeks without food and three or four days without water. Humans are generally diurnal, sleeping on average seven to nine hours per day. Childbirth is dangerous, with a high risk of complications and death. Often, both the mother and the father provide care for their children, who are helpless at birth. Humans have a large, highly developed, and complex prefrontal cortex, the region of the brain associated with higher cognition. Humans are highly intelligent, capable of episodic memory, have flexible facial expressions, self-awareness, and a theory of mind. The human mind is capable of introspection, private thought, imagination, volition, and forming views on existence. This has allowed great technological advancements and complex tool development to be possible through complex reasoning and the transmission of knowledge to subsequent generations. Language, art, and trade are defining characteristics of humans. Long-distance trade routes might have led to cultural explosions and resource distribution that gave humans an advantage over other similar species.","Homo sapiens Anatomically modern humans emerged around 300,000 years ago in Africa, evolving from Homo heidelbergensis or a similar species and migrating out of Africa, gradually replacing or interbreeding with local populations of archaic humans. For most of history, humans were nomadic hunter-gatherers.",closed_qa When did Phil Knight announce he would step down as chairman of Nike,"Throughout the 1980s, Nike expanded its product line to encompass many sports and regions throughout the world. In 1990, Nike moved into its eight-building World Headquarters campus in Beaverton, Oregon. The first Nike retail store, dubbed Niketown, opened in downtown Portland in November of that year. Phil Knight announced in mid-2015 that he would step down as chairman of Nike in 2016. He officially stepped down from all duties with the company on June 30, 2016. In a company public announcement on March 15, 2018, Nike CEO Mark Parker said Trevor Edwards, a top Nike executive who was seen as a potential successor to the chief executive, was relinquishing his position as Nike's brand president and would retire in August.",Phil Knight announced he would step down in 2015 as chairman and offically stepped down in 2016,information_extraction "Given this paragraph about the movie 'The Bridge on the River Kwai', why did the writers have to work in secret?","It was initially scripted by screenwriter Carl Foreman, who was later replaced by Michael Wilson. Both writers had to work in secret, as they were on the Hollywood blacklist and had fled to the UK in order to continue working. As a result, Boulle, who did not speak English, was credited and received the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay; many years later, Foreman and Wilson posthumously received the Academy Award.",They had to work in secret because they were on the Hollywood Blacklist for presumed involvement in the communist movement.,closed_qa is operations a great career,,yes,open_qa Where is Mount Everest located ?,"Mount Everest is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The China–Nepal border runs across its summit point. Its elevation of 8,848.86 m was most recently established in 2020 by the Chinese and Nepali authorities.",Mount Everest is located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. It is bordered by China and Nepal which runs across its summit points.,information_extraction Do you know how many episodes of Game of Thrones are there?,,"Yes - there are 73 episodes for Game of Thrones that are spread over 8 seasons. The first season was released April 17, 2011 by HBO and season 8 concluded on May 19, 2019. The entire series is 70 hours and 14 minutes long and would take you just under 3 full days if you watched every episode back to back.",open_qa What are the benefits of a data warehouse?,"A data warehouse maintains a copy of information from the source transaction systems. This architectural complexity provides the opportunity to: Integrate data from multiple sources into a single database and data model. More congregation of data to single database so a single query engine can be used to present data in an ODS. Mitigate the problem of database isolation level lock contention in transaction processing systems caused by attempts to run large, long-running analysis queries in transaction processing databases. Maintain data history, even if the source transaction systems do not. Integrate data from multiple source systems, enabling a central view across the enterprise. This benefit is always valuable, but particularly so when the organization has grown by merger. Improve data quality, by providing consistent codes and descriptions, flagging or even fixing bad data. Present the organization's information consistently. Provide a single common data model for all data of interest regardless of the data's source. Restructure the data so that it makes sense to the business users. Restructure the data so that it delivers excellent query performance, even for complex analytic queries, without impacting the operational systems. Add value to operational business applications, notably customer relationship management (CRM) systems. Make decision–support queries easier to write. Organize and disambiguate repetitive data.","A data warehouse provides multiple benefits including but not limited to: the integration of data from multiple sources in a single database and data model, maintaining data history, integrating data from multiple sources and providing access to such data across the enterprise, and presenting the information consistently and in a way that makes sense to business users so that they can do decision making.",summarization How many states are part of New England?,,New England is composed of six states.,open_qa What is magic the gathering?,,Magic the gathering is a tabletop digital and collectable card game released in 1993 by Wizards of the Coast.,open_qa What is Oxygen Not Included?,"Oxygen Not Included is a survival simulation video game developed and published by Klei Entertainment. After being released on Steam's early access since February 2017, the game was officially released on July 30, 2019. Oxygen Not Included is a simulation survival game. At the start of a new game, three colonists (referred to as duplicants) find themselves in an asteroid with isolated pockets of breathable atmosphere, with no memory of how they got there. The player is tasked with managing and taking care of these duplicants as they try to survive and create a sustainable makeshift space colony. The player must monitor the duplicants' hunger, waste, and oxygen levels to keep them alive. Each game's world is procedurally generated. The world is then subdivided into various regions or ""biomes"" that contain different and often biome specific materials and critters. While initial areas have a breathable atmosphere, subsequent areas are in a vacuum or lack oxygen, requiring proper preparation by the duplicants before they explore these areas. The world also contains several hazards such as diseases and extreme temperatures. The game simulates the diffusion of gases and equalization of atmospheres when a new natural chamber is opened, which can cause oxygen levels to drop in existing chambers, as well as the draining of liquids by gravity. To help establish the colony, the player directs the duplicants to perform certain tasks, such as mining for resources, growing food, crafting equipment, researching new technologies, and maintaining their own health through nourishment, rest, and hygiene. The player does not control the duplicants directly, and instead provides prioritized instructions, from which the duplicants will then follow to the best of their abilities. For example, the player can order a conduit of wire to be built; which will have the duplicants collect the materials to make the wire, clear away any materials around the conduit's path, and then construct the wire. If the duplicants cannot access a source of copper for the wire, the task will remain uncompleted as the duplicants go to complete other tasks they can do. Duplicants have stats that determine how effective they are at certain tasks, and will prioritize tasks that they are best at. These duplicants' skills can be improved over time and practice.","Oxygen Not Included is a space-colony simulation survival game produced and published by Klei Entertainment, the same studio that developed Don’t Starve. At the start of a new game, three colonists (referred to as duplicants) find themselves in an asteroid with isolated pockets of breathable atmosphere, with no memory of how they got there. The player is tasked with managing and taking care of these duplicants as they try to survive and create a sustainable makeshift space colony. The player must monitor the duplicants' hunger, waste, and oxygen levels to keep them alive. To help establish the colony, the player directs the duplicants to perform certain tasks, such as mining for resources, growing food, crafting equipment, researching new technologies, and maintaining their own health through nourishment, rest, and hygiene.",closed_qa When would a railway be considered a heritage railway?,"A heritage railway or heritage railroad (US usage) is a railway operated as living history to re-create or preserve railway scenes of the past. Heritage railways are often old railway lines preserved in a state depicting a period (or periods) in the history of rail transport. The British Office of Rail and Road defines heritage railways as follows:...'lines of local interest', museum railways or tourist railways that have retained or assumed the character and appearance and operating practices of railways of former times. Several lines that operate in isolation provide genuine transport facilities, providing community links. Most lines constitute tourist or educational attractions in their own right. Much of the rolling stock and other equipment used on these systems is original and is of historic value in its own right. Many systems aim to replicate both the look and operating practices of historic former railways companies.","Generally speaking, a railway can be considered a heritage railway when it assumes the appearance, characteristics, and operations of that railway from a period(s) in its past. These railways are often old and have been intentionally preserved to maintain its operating practices from prior times, purposely keeping equipment and processes original to a period in the past. Many of these heritage railways are preserved for educational purposes or as tourist attractions.",summarization Which dynasties rules in Morocco ?,,"Here is the list of the several dynasties ruled in Morocco over years : Idrisside, Almoravid, Almohad, Merinide, Wattassides, Saadian and the Alaouite.",brainstorming "Given this paragraph about Password-authenticated key exchange, what year were the first provably-secure protocols created?","The first successful password-authenticated key agreement methods were Encrypted Key Exchange methods described by Steven M. Bellovin and Michael Merritt in 1992. Although several of the first methods were flawed, the surviving and enhanced forms of EKE effectively amplify a shared password into a shared key, which can then be used for encryption and/or message authentication. The first provably-secure PAKE protocols were given in work by M. Bellare, D. Pointcheval, and P. Rogaway (Eurocrypt 2000) and V. Boyko, P. MacKenzie, and S. Patel (Eurocrypt 2000). These protocols were proven secure in the so-called random oracle model (or even stronger variants), and the first protocols proven secure under standard assumptions were those of O. Goldreich and Y. Lindell (Crypto 2001) which serves as a plausibility proof but is not efficient, and J. Katz, R. Ostrovsky, and M. Yung (Eurocrypt 2001) which is practical. The first password-authenticated key retrieval methods were described by Ford and Kaliski in 2000. A considerable number of alternative, secure PAKE protocols were given in work by M. Bellare, D. Pointcheval, and P. Rogaway, variations, and security proofs have been proposed in this growing class of password-authenticated key agreement methods. Current standards for these methods include IETF RFC 2945, RFC 5054, RFC 5931, RFC 5998, RFC 6124, RFC 6617, RFC 6628 and RFC 6631, IEEE Std 1363.2-2008, ITU-T X.1035 and ISO-IEC 11770-4:2006.","The first provably-secure protocols for Password-authenticated key exchanges(PAKE) were presented in 2000 at ""Eurocrypt 2000"" by two groups Mihir Bellare, David Pointcheval and Phillip Rogaway, and Victor Boyko, Philip MacKenzie and Sarvar Patel.",closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Slimehead or Slimeball,,Slimehead,classification "Why Disney should be acquiring smaller movie studios like Pixar, Marvel, and Lucasfilm?",,"Combined business capabilities have valuable synergies Before the acquisition of Pixar, Disney lagged in computer-generated films. This is a growing market, and Pixar has unique capabilities like its engineers and a culture where the engineers can innovate freely and creatively. The capabilities of Pixar are difficult to imitate as it is challenging to determine what resources are used and how they can be recreated. At the same time, Pixar lacks marketing and distribution muscle. This is an area where Disney can complement Pixar. Disney acquiring studios like Pixar, Marvel, and Lucasfilm will enable Disney to leverage the characters created by these studios. Increased market power With Marvel’s 5000+ characters, Disney can do what it does best. In total, Marvel movies have generated over 22 billion dollars for Disney. Decrease the cost of new product development The characters that Disney acquired, along with its acquisitions of LucasFilms, Marvel, and Pixar, will result in a cost decrease of new product development and increased speed to market. Also, Disney’s unique portfolio of brands provides significant long-term opportunities for growth and value creation. For these reasons, Disney must continue acquiring smaller studios like Pixar and Marvel.",creative_writing How many arms does Hapalochlaena lunulata have?,The greater blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena lunulata) is one of four species of extremely venomous blue-ringed octopuses belonging to the family Octopodidae. This particular species of blue-ringed octopus is known as one of the most toxic marine animals in the world.,"Hapalochlaena lunulata is an octopus, so it must have eight arms.",closed_qa "Given this reference text, why and when did Coke use Splenda as a sweetener in diet Coke?","When diet colas first entered the market, beginning with Diet Rite, the Coca-Cola Company had a long-standing policy to use the Coca-Cola name only on its flagship cola, and so its diet cola was named Tab when it was released in 1963. Its rival Pepsi had no such qualms, and after the long-term success of its sugar-free Diet Pepsi (launched in 1964) became clear, Coca-Cola decided to launch a competing sugar-free brand under the Coca-Cola name that could be marketed more easily than Tab. Diet Coke was launched in 1982 and quickly overtook Tab in sales by a wide margin, though the older drink would remain on the market for decades until the COVID-19 pandemic forced Coca-Cola to discontinue Tab along with other slower-selling drinks in 2020. Diet Coke is not based on the Coca-Cola formula, but instead on Tab. The controversial New Coke, introduced in 1985, used a version of the Diet Coke recipe that contained high-fructose corn syrup and had a slightly different balance of ingredients. In 2005, the company introduced Coca-Cola Zero (renamed Coca-Cola Zero Sugar in 2017), a sugar-free formula more closely based on original Coca-Cola. In 2005, under pressure from retailer Walmart (which was impressed with the over-the-counter popularity of Splenda sweetener), the company released a new formulation called ""Diet Coke sweetened with Splenda"". Sucralose and acesulfame potassium replaced aspartame in this version. As the formulation was done to mollify one retailer, this variety had little advertising and promotion, as the company preferred to market Coca-Cola Zero instead. By late 2009, most distributors had stopped distributing the Splenda-formulated Diet Coke. In 2018, in an effort to be more appealing to millennials, Diet Coke was packaged in a taller, more slender can (of the same volume) and introduced four new flavors. The cans reverted to the conventional shape a year later.",Pressure from Walmart pressured Coca-Cola to release a version of diet Coke sweetened with Splenda from 2005 until most distribution ended in 2009.,closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Red snapper or Red Sox,,Red snapper,classification How did actor James Dean die?,,Car accident,open_qa Provide me some details about United States attorneys with the given text as a reference.,"United States attorneys are officials of the U.S. Department of Justice who serve as the chief federal law enforcement officers in each of the 94 U.S. federal judicial districts. Each U.S. attorney serves as the United States' chief federal criminal prosecutor in their judicial district and represents the U.S. federal government in civil litigation in federal and state court within their geographic jurisdiction. U.S. attorneys must be nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate, after which they serve four-year terms.","1. In each of the 94 federal court districts in the United States, United States attorneys are representatives of the U.S. Department of Justice who act as the top federal law enforcement officials. 2. Each U.S. attorney represents the U.S. federal government in civil action in federal and state court within their geographic jurisdiction and acts as the country's top federal criminal prosecutor in their judicial district. 3. U.S. attorneys serve four-year terms after being appointed by the President and being confirmed by the Senate.",summarization Where is the best place in my home to store valuable and sensitive documents?,,"You should store sensitive documents in a secure location, such as a locked drawer inside a room with a lock. Depending on the nature of the documents, you might also consider storing them in a locking safe. Some safes are also waterproof and fireproof to a certain degree, so in the event of a natural disaster to your home, you would still be able to retrieve them. Examples of sensitive documents to be stored include birth certificates, wills, and deeds.",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the launch date and current distance from Earth in miles of Voyager 1.","Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System and interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere. Launched 16 days after its twin Voyager 2, Voyager 1 has been operating for 45 years, 6 months and 30 days as of April 5, 2023 UTC . It communicates through NASA's Deep Space Network to receive routine commands and to transmit data to Earth. Real-time distance and velocity data is provided by NASA and JPL. At a distance of 159.20 AU (23.816 billion km; 14.799 billion mi) from Earth as of March 27, 2023, it is the most distant human-made object from Earth.","The Voyager 1 space probe was launched by NASA on September 5, 1977. As of March 27, 2023 Voyager 1 is 14.799 billion mi from Earth.",information_extraction "Given these paragraphs about the Tesla bot, where and when was it announced?","Optimus, also known as Tesla Bot, is a conceptual general-purpose robotic humanoid under development by Tesla, Inc. It was announced at the company's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Day event on August 19, 2021. CEO Elon Musk claimed during the event that Tesla would likely build a prototype by 2022. Musk is on record having said that he thinks Optimus ""has the potential to be more significant than the vehicle business over time."" Tesla Bot is planned to measure 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) tall and weigh 125 lb (57 kg). According to the presentation made during the first AI Day event, a Tesla Bot will be ""controlled by the same AI system Tesla is developing for the advanced driver-assistance system used in its cars"" and have a carrying capacity of 45 lb (20 kg). Proposed tasks for the product are ones that are ""dangerous, repetitive and boring"", such as providing manufacturing assistance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimus_(robot)","It was announced at the company's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Day event on August 19, 2021.",closed_qa Summarize what Harry Potter is about,"Harry Potter is a series of seven fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling. The novels chronicle the lives of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The main story arc concerns Harry's conflict with Lord Voldemort, a dark wizard who intends to become immortal, overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic and subjugate all wizards and Muggles (non-magical people). The series was originally published in English by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom and Scholastic Press in the United States. All versions around the world are printed by Grafica Veneta in Italy. A series of many genres, including fantasy, drama, coming-of-age fiction, and the British school story (which includes elements of mystery, thriller, adventure, horror, and romance), the world of Harry Potter explores numerous themes and includes many cultural meanings and references. According to Rowling, the main theme is death. Other major themes in the series include prejudice, corruption, and madness. Since the release of the first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, on 26 June 1997, the books have found immense popularity, positive reviews, and commercial success worldwide. They have attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers and are widely considered cornerstones of modern literature. As of February 2023, the books have sold more than 600 million copies worldwide, making them the best-selling book series in history, and have been available in 85 languages. The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history, with the final instalment selling roughly 2.7 million copies in the United Kingdom and 8.3 million copies in the United States within twenty-four hours of its release. The original seven books were adapted into an eight-part namesake film series by Warner Bros. Pictures. In 2016, the total value of the Harry Potter franchise was estimated at $25 billion, making Harry Potter one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time. Harry Potter and the Cursed Child is a play based on a story co-written by Rowling. The success of the books and films has allowed the Harry Potter franchise to expand with numerous derivative works, a travelling exhibition that premiered in Chicago in 2009, a studio tour in London that opened in 2012, a digital platform on which J. K. Rowling updates the series with new information and insight, and a pentalogy of spin-off films premiering in November 2016 with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, among many other developments. Themed attractions, collectively known as The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, have been built at several Universal Destinations & Experiences amusement parks around the world.","Harry Potter is a book series of seven novels written by author J. K. Rowling. The novels are about the lives of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The main story arc concerns Harry's conflict with Lord Voldemort, a dark wizard who intends to become immortal, overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic and subjugate all wizards and Muggles (non-magical people).",summarization What type of screen is typically on a Handheld device?,"A mobile device (or handheld computer) is a computer, small enough to hold and operate in the hand. Mobile devices typically have a flat LCD or OLED screen, a touchscreen interface, and digital or physical buttons. They may also have a physical keyboard. Many such devices can connect to the Internet and connect with other devices such as car entertainment systems or headsets via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular networks or near field communication. Integrated cameras, the ability to place and receive voice and video telephone calls, video games, and Global Positioning System (GPS) capabilities are common. Power is typically provided by a lithium-ion battery. Mobile devices may run mobile operating systems that allow third-party applications to be installed and run.","A handheld device typically has a flat LCD or OLED screen,",closed_qa What percentage of the world is left-handed?,,It's estimated about ten percent of the global populated are left-hand dominant.,open_qa What are the different types of stances in tennis?,"Stance refers to the way a player prepares themselves in order to best be able to return a shot. Essentially, it enables them to move quickly in order to achieve a particular stroke. There are four main stances in modern tennis: open, semi-open, closed, and neutral. All four stances involve the player crouching in some manner: as well as being a more efficient striking posture, it allows them to isometrically preload their muscles in order to play the stroke more dynamically. What stance is selected is strongly influenced by shot selection. A player may quickly alter their stance depending on the circumstances and the type of shot they intend to play. Any given stance also alters dramatically based upon the actual playing of the shot with dynamic movements and shifts of body weight occurring.","There are four main stances in tennis. These are; open, semi-open, closed and neutral. While open stance is the most common stance, closed stance is least common one.",information_extraction What is the population of North Carolina?,"North Carolina is a state in the Southern United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and South Carolina to the south, and Tennessee to the west. In the 2020 census, the state had a population of 10,439,388. Raleigh is the state's capital and Charlotte is its largest city.","In the 2020 census, the state of North Carolina had a population of 10,439,388. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States.",closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Pitbull or Tuna,,Tuna,classification "Given the following paragraph about a laptops, why are laptops called ""laptop""?","The names ""laptop"" and ""notebook"" refer to the fact that the computer can be practically placed on (or on top of) the user's lap and can be used similarly to a notebook. As of 2022, in American English, the terms ""laptop"" and ""notebook"" are used interchangeably; in other dialects of English, one or the other may be preferred. Although the term ""notebook"" originally referred to a specific size of laptop (originally smaller and lighter than mainstream laptops of the time), the term has come to mean the same thing and no longer refers to any specific size.","Laptops are called ""laptop"" because the computer can be practically placed on the user's lap .",closed_qa Who are el Marinid ?,"The Marinid Sultanate was a Berber Muslim empire from the mid-13th to the 15th century which controlled present-day Morocco and, intermittently, other parts of North Africa (Algeria and Tunisia) and of the southern Iberian Peninsula (Spain) around Gibraltar. It was named after the Banu Marin (Arabic: بنو مرين, Berber: Ayt Mrin), a Zenata Berber tribe. The sultanate was ruled by the Marinid dynasty (Arabic: المرينيون al-marīniyyūn), founded by Abd al-Haqq I.","The Marinid was a berber muslim empire, they were founded in the mid-13th and rulled until the 15 century. They controlled Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Al Andalus around Gibraltar. It was named after the Banu Marin, a zenata Berber Tribe.",summarization What city in Ireland is the band U2 from?,"U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin, formed in 1976. The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion). Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's musical style has evolved throughout their career, yet has maintained an anthemic quality built on Bono's expressive vocals and the Edge's chiming, effects-based guitar sounds. Bono's lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal and sociopolitical themes. Popular for their live performances, the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career.",Dublin,closed_qa From which countries is the aurora australis visible?,"An aurora (pl: auroras or aurorae), also commonly known as the polar lights, is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic). Auroras display dynamic patterns of brilliant lights that appear as curtains, rays, spirals, or dynamic flickers covering the entire sky. Auroras are the result of disturbances in the magnetosphere caused by the solar wind. Major disturbances result from enhancements in the speed of the solar wind from coronal holes and coronal mass ejections. These disturbances alter the trajectories of charged particles in the magnetospheric plasma. These particles, mainly electrons and protons, precipitate into the upper atmosphere (thermosphere/exosphere). The resulting ionization and excitation of atmospheric constituents emit light of varying colour and complexity. The form of the aurora, occurring within bands around both polar regions, is also dependent on the amount of acceleration imparted to the precipitating particles. In northern latitudes, the effect is known as the aurora borealis or the northern lights. The former term was coined by Galileo in 1619, from the Roman goddess of the dawn and the Greek name for the north wind. The southern counterpart, the aurora australis or the southern lights, has features almost identical to the aurora borealis and changes simultaneously with changes in the northern auroral zone. The aurora australis is visible from high southern latitudes in Antarctica, Chile, Argentina, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia. The aurora borealis is visible from areas around the Arctic such as Alaska, the Canadian Territories, Iceland, Greenland, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Siberia. On rare occasions the aurora borealis can be seen as far south as the Mediterranean and the southern states of the US.","The aurora australis is visible from high southern latitudes in Antarctica, Chile, Argentina, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia.",information_extraction What is a “knock knock joke”?,,"It’s a joke with a specific format that requires interaction between two people. The person saying the joke begins with the phrase “knock knock” and the other person responds with “who’s there?” The person asking the joke then gives the setup, and the other person repeats back the setup verbatim and adds the word “who” at the end. The person asking the joke then delivers the punchline. An example of a knock knock joke is: Knock knock Who’s there? Orange Orange who? Orange you glad I’m only doing one knock knock joke!?",open_qa What is a herbivore?,"A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthparts adapted to rasping or grinding. Horses and other herbivores have wide flat teeth that are adapted to grinding grass, tree bark, and other tough plant material.","A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet.",closed_qa Write an email on behalf of a friend to a colleague to set up a chat with them. The friend is interested in learning more about their current job role and current company before applying.,,"Hi [colleague's name], I hope you've been well! I have a friend [friend's name] who is interested in getting more insight on your work here at [company name] and how your overall experience as a [job role] has been. Would you be free to have a short chat with them? If so, I'd be happy to arrange for you two to connect. Let me know what you think! Best, [your name]",creative_writing What's an AGI?,"An artificial general intelligence (AGI) is a hypothetical intelligent agent which can understand or learn any intellectual task that human beings or other animals can. AGI has also been defined alternatively as autonomous systems that surpass human capabilities at the majority of economically valuable work. Developing AGI is a primary goal of some artificial intelligence research and for several AI companies such as OpenAI, DeepMind, and Anthropic, as well as a common topic in science fiction and futures studies.",AGI (artificial general intelligence) refers to a hypothetical intelligent agent which can understand or learn any intellectual task that human beings or other animals can. It has also been defined as autonomous agents that could surpass human capabilities at the majority of economically valuable work.,summarization In which country did the M&NA railroad exist.,"The Missouri and North Arkansas (reporting mark M&NA) was a railroad in Missouri and Arkansas from 1906 to 1946. The railroad began as the Eureka Springs Railway in 1883 as a line from the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway in Seligman, MO, reaching the resort town of Eureka Springs, AR in 1883.","The M&NA was a railroad in Missouri and Arkansas, which made it part of the United States.",closed_qa What is a forest?,,A forest is a geographical region where trees predominate.,open_qa What are some of the most popular tourist attractions to visit in Sydney?,,"Sydney has many famous landmarks and attractions, with the most famous being the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Sydney Opera House, situated on the foreshore of Sydney harbour. These two landmarks are the iconic images of Sydney and are often viewed from public ferries, either a ferry taken to visit Manly Beach or to Watsons bay. Visitors to Sydney also often visit the historical Rocks district to see the oldest surviving buildings in the city and learn about the town's early history. The view from the top of the Sydney Tower is also popular, with views out to the Pacific Ocean over the famous Bondi Beach. Also located on Sydney harbour is the Taronga Park Zoo, with animals both domestic and imported and a spectacular view over the harbour. Further out of town it is common to visit the Blue Mountains, with the Three Sisters rock formation at Katoomba being particularly popular.",open_qa What are some qualities that make a good computer programmer?,,"Being a computer programmer is hard work, so a programmer should be resilient, hard-working, and never afraid to fail. Being a programmer also requires constant change, so a good one will be open to learning new things, have natural curiosity, and be able to adapt to changing requirements quickly. Lastly, a good programmer should be a good team player and able to communicate effectively with other team members.",brainstorming "Given this article on Donkey Kong Country 2, who is the villain of the plot and where does the story take place?","Some time after Donkey Kong Country, Donkey Kong is relaxing on the beach, until he is ambushed by the Kremlings. He gets kidnapped and brought to Kaptain K. Rool, King K. Rool's moniker in this game, who then demands the Banana Hoard he unsuccessfully tried to steal in the previous game for a ransom from the Kongs. Instead of complying, Diddy Kong and his friend Dixie resolve to go to the Kremling's home island, Crocodile Isle, to rescue Donkey Kong. Together, they travel through Crocodile Isle and are helped on their way by an assortment of animals to defeat Kaptain K. Rool. Diddy and Dixie eventually battle and defeat K. Rool, releasing Donkey Kong in the process. K. Rool manages to escape though, and shortly after, Diddy and Dixie confront him in the Lost World, a secret area powered by a geyser at the heart of Crocodile Isle. They once again defeat K. Rool, who is hurled into the geyser, causing it to clog up and explode. The explosion causes all of Crocodile Isle to sink, as the Kongs watch K. Rool escape on a small sailboat.","Kaptain K. Rool is the villain and kidnaps Donkey Kong. The story takes places on the Kremling's home island, Crocodile Isle.",closed_qa Who saved Andromeda from the sea monster,,Perseus,open_qa Who was the best team in the NFL during the 1984 season?,"The season ended with Super Bowl XIX when the San Francisco 49ers defeated the Miami Dolphins 38–16 at Stanford Stadium in California. This was the first Super Bowl televised by ABC, who entered into the annual championship game rotation with CBS and NBC. This game marked the second shortest distance between the Super Bowl host stadium (Stanford, California) and a Super Bowl team (San Francisco 49ers). The 49ers became the first team in NFL history to win 15 games in a regular season and to win 18 in an entire season (including the postseason). Additionally, two major offensive records were set this season, with quarterback Dan Marino establishing a new single-season passing yards record with 5,084 (later broken by Drew Brees in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2016, by Tom Brady in 2011, by Peyton Manning in 2013, by Ben Roethlisberger and Patrick Mahomes in 2018 and by Jameis Winston in 2019) and Eric Dickerson establishing a new single-season rushing yards record with 2,105. Another statistical record broken was Mark Gastineau for most sacks in a single season, with 22 (surpassed by Michael Strahan in 2001).","The 1984 Super Bowl featured the San Francisco 49ers, who were the first team to win 15 games in a season, against the Miami Dolphins. The 49ers won the game 38-16, making them the first team in NFL history to win 18 games in a season counting the playoffs.",summarization "Given a reference text about the American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI), what research does the society support?","The American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI), established in 1908, is one of the oldest and most respected medical honor societies in the United States. Organization and purpose The ASCI is an honorary society to which more than 2,800 physician-scientists from all medical specialties belong. Prospective members are proposed by standing members of the society and elected to ASCI on the basis of an outstanding record of scholarly achievement in biomedical research. The ASCI includes physician-scientists who are active clinically, in basic research, or in teaching. Many of its senior members are widely recognized leaders in academic medicine. As of 2015 the membership of ASCI has included 417 members of the National Academy of Medicine, 191 members of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 40 Lasker Award winners, and 19 Nobel laureates. The ASCI supports the research into basic mechanisms and/or treatment of human diseases, and to the education of future generations of physician-scientists. The ASCI considers the nominations of several hundred physician-scientists from the United States and abroad each year and elects up to 80 new members each year for their significant research accomplishments relatively early in their careers. The ASCI is a member of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), which includes numerous biomedical research societies. The ASCI publishes the peer-reviewed biomedical research journals Journal of Clinical Investigation and JCI Insight. A collection of the society's papers is held at the National Library of Medicine.",The ASCI supports research into basic mechanisms and treatment of human diseases and to the education of the future generations of physician-scientists.,closed_qa Who are the most referred to Devas in the Rigveda as per the passage?,"In Vedic literature, Devas and Devis represent the forces of nature and some represent moral values (such as the Adityas, Varuna, and Mitra), each symbolizing the epitome of a specialized knowledge, creative energy, exalted and magical powers (Siddhis). Vedic era deities evolved over time. Rudra (left) is represented in Vedic literature, is shown as Shiva-Rudra 2nd-century sculpture (middle), and as Shiva (meaning kind) in 13th-century art work (right). The iconography evolved, retaining some symbolic elements such as trident, axe or antelope.The most referred to Devas in the Rigveda are Indra, Agni (fire) and Soma, with ""fire deity"" called the friend of all humanity, it and Soma being the two celebrated in a yajna fire ritual that marks major Hindu ceremonies. Savitr, Vishnu, Rudra (later given the exclusive epithet of Shiva), and Prajapati (later Brahma) are gods and hence Devas.The Vedas describes a number of significant Devis such as Ushas (dawn), Prithvi (earth), Aditi (cosmic moral order), Saraswati (river, knowledge), Vāc (sound), Nirṛti (destruction), Ratri (night), Aranyani (forest), and bounty goddesses such as Dinsana, Raka, Puramdhi, Parendi, Bharati, Mahi among others are mentioned in the Rigveda. Sri, also called Lakshmi, appears in late Vedic texts dated to be pre-Buddhist, but verses dedicated to her do not suggest that her characteristics were fully developed in the Vedic era. All gods and goddesses are distinguished in the Vedic times, but in the post-Vedic texts (~500 BCE to 200 CE), and particularly in the early medieval era literature, they are ultimately seen as aspects or manifestations of one Brahman, the Supreme power.","Indra, Agni (fire) and Soma",information_extraction Who wrote The Godfather?,,"The Godfather was written by Mario Puzo, originally published in 1969.",open_qa What is the billboard number one in the top 10 of 1980?,"This is a list of Billboard magazine's Top Hot 100 songs of 1980. No. Title Artist(s) 1 ""Call Me"" Blondie 2 ""Another Brick in the Wall, Part II"" Pink Floyd 3 ""Magic"" Olivia Newton-John 4 ""Rock with You"" Michael Jackson 5 ""Do That to Me One More Time"" Captain & Tennille 6 ""Crazy Little Thing Called Love"" Queen 7 ""Coming Up"" Paul McCartney 8 ""Funkytown"" Lipps Inc 9 ""It's Still Rock and Roll to Me"" Billy Joel 10 ""The Rose"" Bette Midler","""Call Me"" is a song by the American new wave band Blondie and the theme to the 1980 film American Gigolo. ""Call Me"" was No. 1 for six consecutive weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, where it became the band's biggest single and second No. 1.",summarization "Which of these are brands for clothing: Ford, Samsung, H&M, Tommy Hilfiger, Jack & Jones, Kingfisher",,"H&M, Tommy Hilfiger, Jack & Jones",classification what are the benefits of reading to your children?,,"Reading to your kids benefits both the kids and yourself! Children learn empathy, expand their vocabulary, become better listeners develop their imagination by listening to the stories and creating their own vision in their minds. They also develop new skills based on the content of the books. For example, they will learn how the human body works if you read them books about body parts; they will understand emotions better if you introduce them to cute picture books on feelings. A good children's story should have repetition, relatable characters, and predictability. The story of Goldilocks, the three little pigs, Jack and the beanstalk, and Charlie and the chocolate factory are some good examples. If kids can recite the stories or rephrase them to others, they have learned to express themselves!",brainstorming What is a bank?,,"A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets. Because banks play an important role in financial stability and the economy of a country, most jurisdictions exercise a high degree of regulation over banks. Most countries have institutionalized a system known as fractional-reserve banking, under which banks hold liquid assets equal to only a portion of their current liabilities. In addition to other regulations intended to ensure liquidity, banks are generally subject to minimum capital requirements based on an international set of capital standards, the Basel Accords.",open_qa Where was the heaviest A single filmed?,"""Nothing"" is the first single by English rock band A released from their album Hi-Fi Serious. It reached number nine in the UK Singles Chart; to date, A's highest charting single. During the promotion of the single, the band appeared on Top of The Pops and the Pepsi Chart Show. The promotional video for Nothing was filmed in Cape Town, South Africa, mostly around the Artscape Theatre Centre formerly known as the Nico Malan theatre complex, and features extras dressed in the same clothes as each band member - complete with band member masks - to create the illusion that there are hundreds of duplicates of the band. ""Nothing"" is arguably the heaviest A single, marking something of a departure from the band's usual melodic pop punk to nu metal. It is track 1 on the album Hi-Fi Serious. A live version appears on the live album, Rockin' Like Dokken.","A's first hit single Nothing was filmed in Cape Town, South Africa.",closed_qa What is a computer network?,,A computer network are groups of computers than can communicate with each other through a LAN or Local Area Network. In the early days of networking they all had to be hard wired and with the development of newer technology networks could communicate and be setup over wireless. Computer networks also share data and devices with each other. For example a shared printer can be used by multiple devices on the same computer network.,open_qa What makes plants grow faster?,,"According to a study by scientists from South Korea, plants grow at a faster pace when they are played classical music. Using 14 different pieces of music, the scientists played music to a rice field and studied the results. Findings were that the music helped the crops grow and even suggested evidence that plants could “hear”. We suggest practicing your instrument in your veggie garden!",open_qa "What is the significance of Glasgow, Georgia?","A post office called Glasgow was established in 1853, and remained in operation until 1905.The community was named after Glasgow, in Scotland, the ancestral home of a large share of the first settlers.",It is a community named after Glasgow in Scotland which is the ancestral home of a large part of the first settlers.,information_extraction What is the largest of the North American Great Lakes?,,"Lake Superior is the largest of the Great Lakes. The water volume from the other four Great Lakes (Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario) could all fit within Lake Superior.",open_qa How did Frank Stagg die?,"Upon conviction, Stagg was given a ten-year sentence and Fell twelve years. (Stagg would later die on a hunger strike.) Thomas Gerald Rush was given seven years and Anthony Roland Lynch, who was also found guilty of possessing articles with intent to destroy property, namely nitric acid, balloons, wax, and sodium chlorate, was given ten years. Fell never admitted IRA membership","Frank Stagg was sentenced to ten years and prison. During his sentence, he went on a hunger strike and died as a result.",summarization How can we cool the planet?,,"One way to cool the planet is to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This can be done by reducing the use of fossil fuels, increasing the use of renewable energy sources, and reducing waste. Additionally, we can also reduce our reliance on air conditioning and other energy-intensive activities.",brainstorming What is the name of the flag carrier airline of the Netherlands?,,The flag carrier airline of the Netherlands is KLM.,open_qa Extract some details about the company 'Bath & Body Works' from the given passage,"Bath & Body Works was founded in 1990 in New Albany, Ohio. The company's first store opened in a Cambridge, Massachusetts mall in September 1990. In 1997, a secondary brand called Bath & Body Works at Home was launched. Two years later the company launched the White Barn Candle Company, a division specializing in the sale of scented candles.","1. In 1990, New Albany, Ohio, Bath & Body Works was founded. 2. In the same year Sept 1990 , the company's first store was opened in a Cambridge, Massachusetts mall. 3. In year 1997, a secondary brand called Bath & Body Works at Home was also launched. 4. Two years after the lauch, they launched another company named the White Barn Candle Company, a division specializing in the sale of scented candles.",summarization What did Wei advocate for?,"From an early age, Wei espoused the New Text school of Confucianism and became a vocal member of the statecraft school, which advocated practical learning in opposition to the allegedly barren evidentiary scholarship as represented by scholars like Dai Zhen. Among other things, Wei advocated sea transport of grain to the capital instead of using the Grand Canal and he also advocated a strengthening of the Qing Empire's frontier defense. In order to alleviate the demographic crisis in China, Wei also spoke in favor of large scale emigration of Han Chinese into Xinjiang.","Wei advocated for the following: - practical learning in opposition to allegedly barren evidentiary scholarship as represented by scholars like Dai Zhen - sea transport of grain to the capital instead of using the Grand Canal - a strengthening of the Qing Empire's frontier defense - large scale emigration of Han Chinese into Xinjiang",information_extraction What are the three official languages in Belgium ?,,"Dutch, French, German",open_qa "Given these paragraphs about Natural hydrogen, what is it?","Natural hydrogen (known as white hydrogen), is naturally occurring molecular hydrogen on or in Earth (as opposed to hydrogen produced in the laboratory or in industry). The name white hydrogen distinguishes it from green hydrogen, which is produced from renewable energy sources, and from grey, brown or black hydrogen, which is obtained from fossil sources or from the electrolysis of water. Natural hydrogen may be renewable, non-polluting and allows for lower cost operation compared to industrial hydrogen. Natural hydrogen has been identified in many source rocks in areas beyond the sedimentary basins where oil companies typically operate. Origin of natural hydrogen There are several sources of natural hydrogen: - degassing of deep hydrogen from the Earth's crust and mantle; - reaction of water with ultrabasic rocks (serpentinisation); - contact of water with reducing agents in the Earth's mantle; - interaction of water with freshly exposed rock surfaces (weathering); - decomposition of hydroxyl ions in the structure of minerals; - Natural radiolysis of water; - decomposition of organic matter; - biological activity - Extraction - Natural hydrogen is extracted from wells, mixed with other gases such as nitrogen or helium. Several sources have been identified in France. Geologists Alain Prinzhofer and Eric Derville have demonstrated the existence of large reservoirs in a dozen countries, including Mali and the United States. However, their potential remains difficult to assess. Numerous emanations on the ocean floor have been identified but are difficult to exploit. The discovery of a significant emergence in Russia in 2008 suggests the possibility of extracting native hydrogen in geological environments. Geology Natural hydrogen is generated continuously from a variety of natural sources. There are many known hydrogen emergences on mid-ocean ridges. Another of the known reactions, serpentinisation, occurs under the sea floor (in the oceanic crust). Diagenetic origin (iron oxidation) in the sedimentary basins of cratons, notably in Russia. Other sources are being explored, such as mantle hydrogen, or hydrogen from radiolysis (natural electrolysis) or from bacterial activity. In France, the Alps and Pyrenees are suitable for exploitation. New Caledonia has hyperalkaline sources that show dihydrogen emissions. A large accumulation of natural hydrogen was discovered in Bourakebougou (Mali). Characteristics Dihydrogen is very soluble in fresh water, especially at depth (solubility increases with pressure). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_hydrogen","Natural hydrogen (known as white hydrogen), is naturally occurring molecular hydrogen on or in Earth (as opposed to hydrogen produced in the laboratory or in industry).",closed_qa "which of these are programming languages? hindi urdu arabic python scala rust french R german java c",,"Here are the programming languages: python, scala, rust, R, java, c",classification What is ADLS in Azure?,,Azure Data Lake Storage (ADLS) is a secured and scalable Data Lake storage that helps to achieve high-performance analytics workloads.,open_qa What are some ways I could commute in to my office in downtown?,,"If you are located in a city you may have many commute options. You could use public transportation like a light rail or bus, ride your bike, or drive a car. If you have coworkers who live near you, you could consider carpooling.",brainstorming "Given a reference text about refugees, tell me about refugee camps.","A refugee camp is a place built by governments or NGOs (such as the Red Cross) to receive refugees, internally displaced persons or sometimes also other migrants. It is usually designed to offer acute and temporary accommodation and services and any more permanent facilities and structures often banned. People may stay in these camps for many years, receiving emergency food, education and medical aid until it is safe enough to return to their country of origin. There, refugees are at risk of disease, child soldier and terrorist recruitment, and physical and sexual violence. There are estimated to be 700 refugee camp locations worldwide.","A refugee camps are generally built by governments or non-government organizations, such as the Red Cross. They are built to receive displaced individuals.",closed_qa "Given these paragraphs about Large language models, when did LLMs emerge?","A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks. Properties Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design. Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to ""memorize"" a great quantity of facts during training. Hallucinations Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence) In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a ""hallucination"" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data. Emergent abilities On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities. Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called ""emergent abilities"". Researchers note that such abilities ""cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models"". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs. Architecture and training Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or ""filling in the blanks"", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus. The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens. LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million. A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters). Application to downstream tasks Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via ""prompting"" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions. Fine-tuning Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning) Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be ""frozen"", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen). Prompting See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing) In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In ""few-shot prompting"", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows: Review: This movie stinks. Sentiment: negative Review: This movie is fantastic! Sentiment: If the model outputs ""positive"", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be ""The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is"". Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering. Instruction tuning Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt ""Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet."" might provide a completion such as ""A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17."" In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, ""self-instruct"", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model",Around 2018.,closed_qa "If I wanted a play games with my computer, what components should I pay attention to?",,"To play games with your PC, you should get a good graphics processor, a screen with sufficient space and refresh rate, and audio acoustics to match your taste, either speakers or a good headset. If you want to play team sports that have chat, you might want to consider a headset with a microphone.",open_qa "Based on the reference text, provide a bulleted list of the contributing factors causing World War II.","World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in history; it resulted in an estimated 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, massacres, and disease. In the wake of the Axis defeat, Germany and Japan were occupied, and war crimes tribunals were conducted against German and Japanese leaders. The causes of World War II are debated, but contributing factors included the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Spanish Civil War, Second Sino-Japanese War, Soviet–Japanese border conflicts, the rise of fascism in Europe, and European tensions in the aftermath of World War I. World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. The United Kingdom and France subsequently declared war on Germany on 3 September. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union had partitioned Poland and marked out their ""spheres of influence"" across Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, in a military alliance with Italy, Japan and other countries called the Axis. Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africa, and the fall of France in mid-1940, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire, with war in the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain, the Blitz of the United Kingdom, and the Battle of the Atlantic. On 22 June 1941, Germany led the European Axis powers in an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the Eastern Front, the largest land theatre of war in history. Japan, which aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific, was at war with the Republic of China by 1937. In December 1941, Japan attacked American and British territories with near-simultaneous offensives against Southeast Asia and the Central Pacific, including an attack on the US fleet at Pearl Harbor which resulted in the United States and United Kingdom declaring war against Japan. The European Axis powers declared war on the United States in solidarity. Japan soon captured much of the western Pacific, but its advances were halted in 1942 after losing the critical Battle of Midway; later, Germany and Italy were defeated in North Africa and at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union. Key setbacks in 1943—including a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front, the Allied invasions of Sicily and the Italian mainland, and Allied offensives in the Pacific—cost the Axis powers their initiative and forced them into strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained its territorial losses and pushed Germany and its allies back. During 1944 and 1945, Japan suffered reversals in mainland Asia, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key western Pacific islands. The war in Europe concluded with the liberation of German-occupied territories and the invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union, culminating in the Fall of Berlin to Soviet troops, Hitler's suicide, and the German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. Following the refusal of Japan to surrender on the terms of the Potsdam Declaration (issued 26 July 1945), the United States dropped the first atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima on 6 August and Nagasaki on 9 August. Faced with an imminent invasion of the Japanese archipelago, the possibility of additional atomic bombings, and the Soviet Union's declared entry into the war against Japan on the eve of invading Manchuria, Japan announced on 10 August its intention to surrender, signing a surrender document on 2 September 1945. World War II changed the political alignment and social structure of the globe and set the foundation for the international order of the world's nations during the Cold War and into present day. The United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts, with the victorious great powers—China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States—becoming the permanent members of its Security Council. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the nearly half-century-long Cold War. In the wake of European devastation, the influence of its great powers waned, triggering the decolonisation of Africa and Asia. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery and expansion. Political and economic integration, especially in Europe, began as an effort to forestall future hostilities, end pre-war enmities, and forge a sense of common identity.","Although the causes of World War II are debated, contributing factors include: - The rise of fascism in Europe - European tensions after World War I - Second Italo-Ethiopian War - Spanish Civil War - Second Sino-Japanese War - Soviet-Japanese border conflicts",summarization "Given this text, who was Mclaren's number-one driver in 1988","In 1988, due to the relationship he had built up with Honda throughout the 1987 season with Lotus, and with the approval of McLaren's number-one driver and then-double world champion, Alain Prost, Senna joined the McLaren team. The foundation for a fierce competition between Senna and Prost was laid, culminating in a number of dramatic race incidents between the two over the next five years. However, the experienced pair also quickly realized, despite their personal rivalry, they had to work together, especially in testing, to keep ahead of their main opposition from Ferrari, Williams, Benetton and Lotus.","In 1988, according to this text Alain Prost was McLaren's number one driver",closed_qa What is JavaScript?,,"JavaScript, often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. As of 2022, 98% of websites use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behavior, often incorporating third-party libraries. All major web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine to execute the code on users' devices.",open_qa Who won the Men's Madison at the 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships?,"The Men's madison competition at the 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was held on 4 March 2018. Results 200 laps (50km) with 20 sprints were raced. Rank Name Nation Laps points Sprint points Total points 1st place, gold medalist(s) Roger Kluge Theo Reinhardt Germany 20 33 53 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Albert Torres Sebastián Mora Spain 20 25 45 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Cameron Meyer Callum Scotson Australia 20 17 37 4 Oliver Wood Mark Stewart Great Britain 0 36 36 5 Andreas Graf Andreas Müller Austria 20 12 32 6 Niklas Larsen Casper von Folsach Denmark 0 29 29 7 Benjamin Thomas Morgan Kneisky France 0 24 24 8 Kenny De Ketele Moreno De Pauw Belgium 0 23 23 9 Felix English Mark Downey Ireland 0 11 11 10 Simone Consonni Liam Bertazzo Italy 0 10 10 11 Roy Pieters Wim Stroetinga Netherlands 0 1 1 12 Tristan Marguet Gaël Suter Switzerland –20 2 –18 13 Wojciech Pszczolarski Daniel Staniszewski Poland –40 3 –37 Regan Gough Thomas Sexton New Zealand 0 0 DNF Daniel Holloway Adrian Hegyvary United States –60 5 Leung Chun Wing Cheung King Lok Hong Kong –60 0","The Men's Madison at the 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was won by Roger Kluge and Theo Reinhardt of Germany, with a total of 53 points. This was 8 points over their nearest competitors, Albert Torres and Sebastián Mora of Spain, who had 45 points.",information_extraction Who was Luis Gonzalez de Ubieta,"Luis González de Ubieta y González del Campillo (1899 – 1950) was an admiral of the Spanish Republican Navy during the Spanish Civil War. He died in exile as the captain of the Panamanian merchant vessel Chiriqui, refusing to be rescued when the ship under his command sank in the Caribbean Sea not far from Barranquilla.","Luis Gonzalez de Ubieta y Gonzalez del Campillo (1899 – 1950) was an admiral of the Spanish Republican Navy during the Spanish Civil War. He died in exile as the captain of the Panamanian merchant vessel Chiriqui, refusing to be rescued when the ship under his command sank in the Caribbean Sea not far from Barranquilla.",closed_qa What are specific reasons for seasons?,,"Planet Earth has a tilt of 23.5 degrees. This causes the hemispheres to be either closer or farther from the sun. Also, the axial tilt changes the amount of sunlight hitting the earth at any given time.",open_qa What is a mobile phone?,,"A mobile phone is a device that lets the world (e.g. people, companies, friends, and family) stay in contact with each other. They other capability such as text messaging, internet browsing, watching movies, reading news, navigation, and taking photos. They service a core component in everyday living similar to refrigerators and microwaves. They also serve as a way for people to interact with different social media platforms and entertainment.",open_qa Who created Tetris?,,"Tetris was created by soviet software engineer Alexey Pajitnov in 1984. It was later bought by Nintendo and became one of the most popular games ever, selling over 35 million copies.",open_qa "Which of the following sports involve rackets: Tennis, Badminton, Squash, Football, Soccer, Basketball, Cricket, Ping Pong.",,"Tennis, Badminton, Squash, Ping Pong are racket sports.",classification What is the capital of Hawaii?,"Honolulu means ""sheltered harbor"" or ""calm port"" in Hawaiian; its old name, Kou, roughly encompasses the area from Nuʻuanu Avenue to Alakea Street and from Hotel Street to Queen Street, which is the heart of the present downtown district. The city's desirability as a port accounts for its historical growth and importance in the Hawaiian archipelago and the broader Pacific region. Honolulu has been the capital of the Hawaiian Islands since 1845, first of the independent Hawaiian Kingdom, and after 1898 of the U.S. territory and state of Hawaii. The city gained worldwide recognition following Japan's attack on nearby Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, which prompted the entry of the U.S. into World War II; the harbor remains a major naval base, hosting the U.S. Pacific Fleet, the world's largest naval command.",Honolulu has been the capital of Hawaii since 1845. Honolulu has been the capital of the independent Hawaiian Kingdom and since 1898 of the U.S. territory and state of Hawaii.,information_extraction What is the purpose of using Terraform modules ?,,"In order to easily maintain, manage and scale their infrastructure, DevOps teams design their infrastructure using modular and reusable components called Terraform modules. Terraform modules allow you to easily share and reuse the same components across multiple use cases and environments. It also helps enforce a standardised approach of defining resources and adopting best practices across your organisation. Not only does consistency ensure best practices are followed, it also helps to enforce compliant deployment, avoid accidental misconfigurations which could lead to costly errors.",open_qa Why are in person events important to business growth?,,"In person events are incredibly important to business growth because they allow a company to connect with it's customers and prospects directly. The business can create experiences, connections between it's employees and customers, and between customers to help form a community of people who align based on self identifiers like interests, technologies, industry and solutions. These connections help build strong bonds between customer and brand by creating strong feelings of connectedness and inclusion through experiences during their in person event.",open_qa "What is the show ""The X-Files"" about?",,"The X-Files is a science fiction show, featuring characters Special Agents Fox Mulder and Dana Scully who are investigating unsolved, mysterious cases called ""X-Files."" The show explores cases relating to the paranormal, such as Bigfoot and vampires, in standalone episodes referenced as ""monster of the week"" episodes, but also has a larger, ongoing storyline about the deeper conspiracies surrounding the existence of extraterrestrial life and government coverups which make up the ""mytharc"" (mythology story arc) of the show.",open_qa what is Stoicism,"Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium in Athens in the early 3rd century BCE. It is a philosophy of personal virtue ethics informed by its system of logic and its views on the natural world, asserting that the practice of virtue is both necessary and sufficient to achieve eudaimonia (happiness, lit. 'good spiritedness'): one flourishes by living an ethical life. The Stoics identified the path to eudaimonia with a life spent practicing virtue and living in accordance with nature. Alongside Aristotelian ethics, the Stoic tradition forms one of the major founding approaches to virtue ethics. The Stoics are especially known for teaching that ""virtue is the only good"" for human beings, and that external things, such as health, wealth, and pleasure, are not good or bad in themselves (adiaphora) but have value as ""material for virtue to act upon"". Many Stoics—such as Seneca and Epictetus—emphasized that because ""virtue is sufficient for happiness"", a sage would be emotionally resilient to misfortune. The Stoics also held that certain destructive emotions resulted from errors of judgment, and they believed people should aim to maintain a will (called prohairesis) that is ""in accordance with nature"". Because of this, the Stoics thought the best indication of an individual's philosophy was not what a person said but how a person behaved. To live a good life, one had to understand the rules of the natural order since they believed everything was rooted in nature. Stoicism flourished throughout the Roman and Greek world until the 3rd century CE, and among its adherents was Emperor Marcus Aurelius. It experienced a decline after Christianity became the state religion in the 4th century CE. Since then, it has seen revivals, notably in the Renaissance (Neostoicism) and in the contemporary era (modern Stoicism).","Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium in Athens in the early 3rd century BCE. It is a philosophy of personal virtue ethics informed by its system of logic and its views on the natural world, asserting that the practice of virtue is both necessary and sufficient to achieve eudaimonia (happiness, lit. 'good spiritedness'): one flourishes by living an ethical life. The Stoics identified the path to eudaimonia with a life spent practicing virtue and living in accordance with nature. Alongside Aristotelian ethics, the Stoic tradition forms one of the major founding approaches to virtue ethics. The Stoics are especially known for teaching that ""virtue is the only good"" for human beings, and that external things, such as health, wealth, and pleasure, are not good or bad in themselves (adiaphora) but have value as ""material for virtue to act upon"". Many Stoics—such as Seneca and Epictetus—emphasized that because ""virtue is sufficient for happiness"", a sage would be emotionally resilient to misfortune. The Stoics also held that certain destructive emotions resulted from errors of judgment, and they believed people should aim to maintain a will (called prohairesis) that is ""in accordance with nature"". Because of this, the Stoics thought the best indication of an individual's philosophy was not what a person said but how a person behaved. To live a good life, one had to understand the rules of the natural order since they believed everything was rooted in nature. Stoicism flourished throughout the Roman and Greek world until the 3rd century CE, and among its adherents was Emperor Marcus Aurelius. It experienced a decline after Christianity became the state religion in the 4th century CE. Since then, it has seen revivals, notably in the Renaissance (Neostoicism) and in the contemporary era (modern Stoicism).",summarization Give me a summary about St Paul's Cathedral,,"St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in London and is the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London. It is on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Grade I listed building. Its dedication to Paul the Apostle dates back to the original church on this site, founded in AD 604. The present structure, dating from the late 17th century, was designed in the English Baroque style by Sir Christopher Wren. Its construction, completed in Wren's lifetime, was part of a major rebuilding programme in the city after the Great Fire of London. The earlier Gothic cathedral (Old St Paul's Cathedral), largely destroyed in the Great Fire, was a central focus for medieval and early modern London, including Paul's walk and St Paul's Churchyard, being the site of St Paul's Cross. The cathedral is one of the most famous and recognisable sights of London. Its dome, surrounded by the spires of Wren's City churches, has dominated the skyline for over 300 years. At 365 ft (111 m) high, it was the tallest building in London from 1710 to 1963. The dome is still one of the highest in the world. St Paul's is the second-largest church building in area in the United Kingdom, after Liverpool Cathedral.",open_qa "If someone is tall, what sport should they try?",,Height is known for being advantageous in basketball,open_qa What are the words of House Targaryen?,,"""Fire and Blood""",open_qa What flower does the Netherlands produce most?,,"The Netherlands produces the most tulips, followed by daffodils and hyacinths.",open_qa What is the name of the first dog that went to space?,,Laika,open_qa Who does what in U2?,"U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin, formed in 1976. The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion). Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's musical style has evolved throughout their career, yet has maintained an anthemic quality built on Bono's expressive vocals and the Edge's chiming, effects-based guitar sounds. Bono's lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal and sociopolitical themes. Popular for their live performances, the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career.","The rock band U2 features Bono on lead vocals and guitar, the Edge on lead guitar, keyboard and vocals, Adam Clayton on bass guitar and Larry Mullen Jr. on drums and percussion.",information_extraction What did Jordan Akins do after retiring from baseball?,"Akins graduated from Union Grove High School in McDonough, Georgia. He earned All-State honors as both a junior and senior, as well as All-Conference as a sophomore. He committed and signed to play football for the UCF Knights, choosing the Knights over schools such as LSU and Georgia. However, after being drafted by the Texas Rangers in the third round of the 2010 MLB Draft, he chose to pursue a baseball career instead of attending UCF and signed with the Rangers. Akins struggled in the minor leagues, hitting .218 over four seasons and never rising above high-A ball. He retired from baseball after the 2013 season and returned to play football at UCF.",Jordan Akins retired baseball after the 2013 season and returned to play football at UCF.,closed_qa Which two people are depicted by carved heads near the windows?,"St. John the Baptist, Blackrock is a Roman Catholic church in the parish of Blackrock, Ireland. The church is still in use and named after the Saint John the Baptist. It is located on Temple Road, Blackrock, County Dublin. The church was designed by the architect Patrick Byrne, who was educated at the Dublin Society Schools. It is one of the finest examples of the Gothic revival style in Ireland and was the first to be built in the Dublin Archdiocese. It is said to be inspired by the ideas of Augustus Welby Pugin (1812-1852). The initial building consisted of the nave, chancel and bell tower. To the rear of the church, two carved heads can be seen up high on either side of the rose window. The head on the left depicts St. John the Baptist, while the head on the right depicts the Archbishop Daniel Murray.",St. John the Baptist and the Archbishop Daniel Murray,closed_qa Which US state produces the most wine?,,"California produces the most wine in the United States, followed by Washington State.",open_qa When was the Bitcoin white paper released?,"Bitcoin (abbreviation: BTC or XBT; sign: ₿) is a protocol which implements a highly available, public, permanent, and decentralized ledger. In order to add to the ledger, a user must prove they control an entry in the ledger. The protocol specifies that the entry indicates an amount of a token, bitcoin with a minuscule b. The user can update the ledger, assigning some of their bitcoin to another entry in the ledger. Because the token has characteristics of money, it can be thought of as a digital currency. Bitcoin transactions are verified by network nodes through cryptography and recorded in a public distributed ledger called a blockchain. The cryptocurrency was invented in 2008 by an unknown person or group of people using the name Satoshi Nakamoto. The currency began use in 2009, when its implementation was released as open-source software.: ch. 1  The word ""bitcoin"" was defined in a white paper published on October 31, 2008. It is a compound of the words bit and coin.","The word ""bitcoin"" was defined in a white paper published on October 31, 2008.",closed_qa "Given this short paragraph about Belize, how many people live there and what is notable about its population density?","Belize, formerly known as British Honduras, is a Caribbean country located on the northeastern coast of Central America. Belize is bordered on the northwest by Mexico, on the east by the Caribbean Sea, and on the south and west by Guatemala. It has an area of 22,970 square kilometres (8,867 sq mi) and a population of 408,487 (2019). Its mainland is about 290 km (180 mi) long and 110 km (68 mi) wide. It has the lowest population and population density in Central America.","Belize has a population of 408,487 people and has the lowest population density in Central America.",closed_qa What is microeconomics?,,Microeconimics is concerned with decision-making by individual economic agents such as firms and consumers.,open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the states that encompass South India. Separate them with a comma.","South India, also known as Peninsular India, consists of the peninsular southern part of India. It encompasses the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana, as well as the union territories of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep and Puducherry, comprising 19.31% of India's area (635,780 km2 or 245,480 sq mi) and 20% of India's population. Covering the southern part of the peninsular Deccan Plateau, South India is bounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west and the Indian Ocean in the south. The geography of the region is diverse with two mountain ranges – the Western and Eastern Ghats – bordering the plateau heartland. The Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tungabhadra, Periyar, Bharathappuzha, Pamba, Thamirabarani, Palar, and Vaigai rivers are important perennial rivers.","Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana",information_extraction What genus are beavers a part of?,"Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two existing species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras, weighing up to 30 kilograms (66 lb). Beavers have stout bodies with large heads, long chisel-like incisors, brown or gray fur, hand-like front feet, webbed back feet, and tails that are flat and scaly. The two species differ in skull and tail shape and fur color. Beavers can be found in a number of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. They are herbivorous, consuming tree bark, aquatic plants, grasses and sedges.",Castor genus,closed_qa When did Ivan Zhevakhov joined the military?,"Zhevakhov joined the military service as a cadet of the Ukrainian hussar regiment in 1775 and received his first major military experience in fighting with the Trans-Kubanian Circassians in 1777. He then fought in the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) and was wounded when storming Ochakov in 1789. Having fought in Poland in 1792, Zhevakhov was promoted to colonel in 1800 and then participated in the wars against Napoleonic France from 1805 to 1807. During the 1812 French invasion of Russia, he commanded the Serpukhov dragoon regiment within the 3rd Army of the West and contributed to the Russian success in the July 1812 battles of Kobryn and Gorodechna, which halted the French advance toward Kiev. He then led cavalry regiments in Osten-Sacken’s corps and participated in the 1813-14 campaign against Napoleon. On 8 April 1813 he was promoted to the rank of major-general. Zhevakhov resigned due to health problems in 1817 and henceforth lived in Odessa where he died in 1837.",Ivan Zhevakhov joined the military service as a cadet of the Ukrainian hussar regiment in 1775 and received his first major military experience in fighting with the Trans-Kubanian Circassians in 1777.,summarization Write a linkedIn Message to ask a higher officer in company before joining asking about what all I have to prepare any tips or advice on what I should focus on or study for so that i can be well accustomed with the required skill sets for the job.,,"Hi [Manager] Sir, I hope you're doing well! Myself [My Name] from ITER, SOA University. I just wanted to reach out to you before I start at [Company] in a month. I'm really excited to join the team and get started on my role as Intern Trainee Engineer- Platform. I was wondering if you had any tips or advice on what I should focus on or study before I start to make sure I'm as prepared as possible? I want to make sure I hit the ground running and make a good impression on the team. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Thank you for your time I'm looking forward to joining the team and working together! Thanks, [My Name]",creative_writing Please give me a short bullet list of Pele accomplishments based on this passage,"Pelé began playing for Santos at age 15 and the Brazil national team at 16. During his international career, he won three FIFA World Cups: 1958, 1962 and 1970, the only player to do so and the youngest player to win a World Cup (17). He was nicknamed O Rei (The King) following the 1958 tournament. Pelé is the joint-top goalscorer for Brazil with 77 goals in 92 games. At the club level, he was Santos's all-time top goalscorer with 643 goals in 659 games. In a golden era for Santos, he led the club to the 1962 and 1963 Copa Libertadores, and to the 1962 and 1963 Intercontinental Cup. Credited with connecting the phrase ""The Beautiful Game"" with football, Pelé's ""electrifying play and penchant for spectacular goals"" made him a star around the world, and his teams toured internationally to take full advantage of his popularity. During his playing days, Pelé was for a period the best-paid athlete in the world. After retiring in 1977, Pelé was a worldwide ambassador for football and made many acting and commercial ventures. In 2010, he was named the honorary president of the New York Cosmos.","- Won three FIFA World Cups: 1958, 1962, and 1970 - Joint-top goalscorer for Brazil with 77 goals in 92 games - Santo's all-time top goalscorer with 643 goals in 659 games - 1962 and 1963 Copa Libertadores and Intercontinental Cup - For a period the best-paid athlete in the world",summarization "For the Zodiac sign Gemini, Share some important details from given text.","Gemini (♊︎) (/ˈdʒɛmɪnaɪ/ JEM-in-eye, Greek: Δίδυμοι, romanized: Dídymoi, Latin for ""twins"") is the third astrological sign in the zodiac. Under the tropical zodiac, the sun transits this sign between about May 21 to June 21. Gemini is represented by the twins, Castor and Pollux, known as the Dioscuri in Greek mythology. It is a positive, mutable sign.","1. In Zodiac gemini is the third astrological sign. 2. The sun transits Gemini between about May 21 to June 21. 3. Gemini is represented by the twins, Castor and Pollux, known as the Dioscuri in Greek mythology. 4. Gemini is a positive and mutable sign.",summarization "Ms. Jefferson, a 47-year-old secretary, has contacted you to assess her body composition. Over the years, she has gradually gained weight because of her sedentary lifestyle and changing metabolism. Besides adopting healthy dietary and exercise habits, how can she build self-esteem and improve her body image?",,"Mental health plays a big factor in building self-esteem and improving her own body image. Tearing away from negative cycles of thoughts, such as the way she self-describes or visualizes her own body, can be powerful in improving her own self-esteem. For example, a shift from focusing on what her body looks like to what it can do is a popular strategy; instead of focusing on the quantitative metrics of how big her legs are, for example, she can focus on the fact that her legs are strong and allow her to swim, run, hike, and do many other things well. By extension, this also involves things that are outside of physical appearance, such as focusing on great qualities she has that have nothing to do with physical fitness nor appearance: this can help with self-esteem. Finally, she can be mindful of how she perceives not only herself, but other people: is she judging them also by their physical appearance? If so, she can work hard to change that mindset, and begin appreciating things beyond just how people look, and focus on the positive aspects.",brainstorming Who was the first president of the United States?,,George Washington,open_qa Give me tips on how to stick to habits?,,"It is sometimes tough to stick to habits, but it is possible if we follow the methodic approach. Here are some tips on how you can do it. 1. Understand why you need to stick to a habit and why it is essential. 2. Make the habit obvious; e.g., if you want to play guitar every night after dinner, keep your guitar visible in the dining area. 3. Make habits easy. We often avoid long and complex things, so keep them simple. e.g., if you want to make a habit of exercising, start with small and simple exercises. 4. Make habits attractive and satisfying. Give yourself rewards after finishing the routine. e.g., you can eat an ice cream cone after exercise 3–4 days a week. I hope this helps you in your habit-making journey.",brainstorming Who was the highest-paid College president in 2003-2004 in U.S.?,"The school first opened in 1962 as Marymount College, a women's junior college founded by the Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary (RSHM). Due to financial hardship Marymount College sought to sell the books of its library. Donald E. Ross visited the campus to purchase the library, but was so inspired by the school he decided to stay and help it succeed. In 1971, a period of transition began, and the school was placed under the control of a lay board. At that time, Donald E. Ross was named president. In 1974, the name was changed to the College of Boca Raton. The college was granted accreditation at Level II in 1986. In 1988, it was accredited at Level III. During this time, it was transformed from a two-year school to a four-year college with a master's program. Entrance of Lynn University in Boca Raton The College of Boca Raton became Lynn University in 1991 to honor its benefactors, the Lynn family. In 2003–2004, Donald E. Ross was paid a salary of over $5,000,000, making him at the time the highest-paid college or university president in the nation. Lynn University retained the national accounting firm KPMG to determine an equitable retirement compensation package for Ross considering his performance and 35-year term of service (""More than $4.5 million was put aside for his planned June 2006 retirement – an influx of cash designed to make up for decades of no retirement benefits"" being allocated due to budget concerns). This was a third of the endowment for the university. On July 1, 2006, Ross retired after 35 years as the university's president; Kevin M. Ross succeeded his father in office. On October 22, 2012, the university hosted the third and final 2012 U.S. presidential debate between U.S. president Barack Obama and former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney concerning U.S. foreign policy. The debate was held at the Keith C. and Elaine Johnson World Performing Arts Center and was moderated by journalist Bob Schieffer of CBS News.","In 2003–2004, Donald E. Ross was paid a salary of over $5,000,000, making him at the time the highest-paid college or university president in the nation.",closed_qa "Based on this text, what was Ruth Handler's inspiration for making the Barbie Doll?","Ruth Handler watched her daughter Barbara play with paper dolls, and noticed that she often enjoyed giving them adult roles. At the time, most children's toy dolls were representations of infants. Realizing that there could be a gap in the market, Handler suggested the idea of an adult-bodied doll to her husband Elliot, a co-founder of the Mattel toy company. He was unenthusiastic about the idea, as were Mattel's directors. During a trip to Europe in 1956 with her children Barbara and Kenneth, Ruth Handler came across a German toy doll called Bild Lilli. The adult-figured doll was exactly what Handler had in mind, so she purchased three of them. She gave one to her daughter and took the others back to Mattel. The Lilli doll was based on a popular character appearing in a comic strip drawn by Reinhard Beuthin for the newspaper Bild. Lilli was a blonde bombshell, a working girl who knew what she wanted and was not above using men to get it. The Lilli doll was first sold in Germany in 1955, and although it was initially sold to adults, it became popular with children who enjoyed dressing her up in outfits that were available separately.",Ruth Handler was inspired by the German Bild Lilli doll,closed_qa Who won the 2004 World Series?,,The Boston Red Sox won the 2004 World series?,open_qa "Which of the following are continents: Asia, Africa, China, Australia, United States of America, North America, Sri Lanka, Thailand.",,"The continents are: Asia, Africa, Australia, and North America.",classification Why is Stephen Curry the best player in the NBA?,,"Stephen Curry is arguably the best player in the NBA today. Stephen Curry is a transcendent NBA superstar and an all-time great. Despite being relatively undersized by NBA standards at 6 foot 2 inches and 185 pounds, he has been a highly productive NBA player. Stephen Curry possesses the greatest 3-point shooting ability in NBA history. In 2022, he surpassed Ray Allen to become the all-time leader in 3-pointers made. That said, Stephen Curry's highly accurate 3-point shooting is not the only unique skill Curry brings to the court. He also possesses the uncanny ability to use off-ball movement, ball-handling skills, and a lightning fast release to create quality shots. The results of Stephen Curry's amazing skillset are evident through his career accolades. He is a 4-time NBA champion, 2-time MVP, and an NBA Finals MVP.",creative_writing What type of model is the Citroen C4 Cactus?,"The Citroën C4 Cactus is a subcompact crossover SUV, produced by French automaker Citroën in Spain between April 2014 and December 2017, with production of the second generation commencing in October 2017 (until May 2020 in Villaverde), with the final months of production being disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The C4 Cactus is considered a compact SUV, although it is based on the PSA PF1 platform that underpins the smaller Citroën C3 and DS3. A distinctive design feature is the ""AirBump"" panels on the car's sides, designed to protect the vehicle from damage in car parks. The Citroën Cactus Concept, presented at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show, previewed the production version. The C4 Cactus was presented at the 2014 Geneva Motor Show.","The Citroen C4 Cactus is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Citroen, a French automaker.",closed_qa Do you have to get training to go scuba diving?,,"Scuba diving requires training, and normally people gain a scuba diving certification before doing this activity",open_qa What is a verb?,,"A verb is a word that in syntax generally conveys an action, an occurrence, or a state of being. In the usual description of English, the basic form, with or without the particle to, is the infinitive. In many languages, verbs are inflected to encode tense, aspect, mood, and voice",open_qa "Which of these are reptiles: frog, snake, toad, lizard, turtle, fish, dog, cat, crocodile",,"Snakes, Lizards, Turtles, and Crocodiles are reptiles",classification What was the White Brigade,"The White Brigade (Dutch: Witte Brigade, French: Brigade blanche) was a Belgian resistance group, was founded on 23 July 1940 in Antwerp by Marcel Louette, who was nicknamed ""Fidelio"". The group was originally known as ""De Geuzengroep"" and changed its name again after the Liberation of Belgium to Witte Brigade-Fidelio as the term ""white brigade"" had emerged as a generic term to describe the resistance. The name was chosen in opposition to the ""Black Brigade"", a collaborator group led by SS-Untersturmführer Reimond Tollenaere, who was responsible for the propaganda of pro-German Flemish National League. The Witte Brigade was based in Antwerp but had smaller branches in Gent, Lier, Aalst, Brussels, Waasland, Wallonia and in the coastal region.","The White Brigade (Dutch: Witte Brigade, French: Brigade blanche) was a Belgian resistance group, was founded on 23 July 1940 in Antwerp by Marcel Louette, who was nicknamed ""Fidelio"". The group was originally known as ""De Geuzengroep"" and changed its name again after the Liberation of Belgium to Witte Brigade-Fidelio as the term ""white brigade"" had emerged as a generic term to describe the resistance.",closed_qa Write an essay describing why baseball should be considered America's pastime.,,"Baseball is the oldest professional sport in America. It began in the late 1800s. The sport dates back to to the civil war era, which is where it started to become known as America's pastime. It coincides with a plethora of historical and cultural aspects of life in America. While the game has a vast amount of historical significance, it also seems to reflect changes that occur in our society. For example, over the past several decades we have seen a huge influx in players from all over the globe, with greater representation from countries like Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Japan and many others. America has always been considered a land of opportunity and this is evident with baseball. The MLB is the most prestigious league when it comes to baseball and is dream destination for any player. If you are good enough, you are sometime given the opportunity to play here. Recently we have seen a huge increase in the international representation of players in the league. As times have changed and the world has become more global, we also see this transpire in baseball. Baseball is America's pastime because it is a preservation of historical values, but also adapts and reflects current cultural values, which always keeps it relevant.",creative_writing What type of products does this company produce?,"Sweet Tree Holdings is a Vermont, United States, company that produces maple products from a sugarbush and processing facility in Island Pond.",maple products,closed_qa What is Mexico?,,"Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Mexico covers 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi), making it the world's 13th-largest country by area; with a population of over 126 million, it is the 10th-most-populous country and has the most Spanish-speakers. Mexico is organized as a federal republic comprising 31 states and Mexico City, its capital. Other major urban areas include Monterrey, Guadalajara, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana, Ciudad Juárez, and León.",open_qa What kind of protein is used in Biryani?,"Biryani (/bɜːrˈjɑːni/) is a mixed rice dish originating among the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. It is made with Indian spices, rice, and usually some type of meat (chicken, beef, goat, lamb, prawn, and fish), or in some cases without any meat, and sometimes, in addition, eggs and potatoes. Biryani is one of the most popular dishes in South Asia, as well as among the diaspora from the region. Similar dishes are also prepared in other parts of the world such as in Iraq, Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia. Biryani is the single most-ordered dish on Indian online food ordering and delivery services, and has been labelled as the most popular dish overall in India.","The choice of protein in Biryani can be chicken, beef, goat, lamb, prawn, fish and/or egg.",information_extraction Summarize Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka in one sentence.,"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. The decision partially overruled the Court's 1896 decision Plessy v. Ferguson, which had held that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality, a doctrine that had come to be known as ""separate but equal"".[note 1] The Court's decision in Brown paved the way for integration and was a major victory of the civil rights movement, and a model for many future impact litigation cases. The underlying case began in 1951 when the public school system in Topeka, Kansas, refused to enroll local black resident Oliver Brown's daughter at the elementary school closest to their home, instead requiring her to ride a bus to a segregated black school farther away. The Browns and twelve other local black families in similar situations filed a class-action lawsuit in U.S. federal court against the Topeka Board of Education, alleging that its segregation policy was unconstitutional. A special three-judge court of the U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas rendered a verdict against the Browns, relying on the precedent of Plessy v. Ferguson and its ""separate but equal"" doctrine. The Browns, represented by NAACP chief counsel Thurgood Marshall, then appealed the ruling directly to the Supreme Court. In May 1954, the Supreme Court issued a unanimous 9–0 decision in favor of the Browns. The Court ruled that ""separate educational facilities are inherently unequal"", and therefore laws that impose them violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. However, the decision's 14 pages did not spell out any sort of method for ending racial segregation in schools, and the Court's second decision in Brown II (349 U.S. 294 (1955)) only ordered states to desegregate ""with all deliberate speed"". In the Southern United States, especially the ""Deep South"", where racial segregation was deeply entrenched, the reaction to Brown among most white people was ""noisy and stubborn"". Many Southern governmental and political leaders embraced a plan known as ""Massive Resistance"", created by Virginia Senator Harry F. Byrd, in order to frustrate attempts to force them to de-segregate their school systems. Four years later, in the case of Cooper v. Aaron, the Court reaffirmed its ruling in Brown, and explicitly stated that state officials and legislators had no power to nullify its ruling.","Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka was a unanimous 1954 ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court that racial segregation in U.S. public schools was unconstitutional, which paved the way for civil rights and racial integration.",summarization How many seasons is House the TV series?,"House (also called House, M.D.) is an American medical drama television series that originally ran on the Fox network for eight seasons, from November 16, 2004, to May 21, 2012. The series' main character is Dr. Gregory House (Hugh Laurie), an unconventional, misanthropic medical genius who, despite his dependence on pain medication, leads a team of diagnosticians at the fictional Princeton–Plainsboro Teaching Hospital (PPTH) in New Jersey. The series' premise originated with Paul Attanasio, while David Shore, who is credited as creator, was primarily responsible for the conception of the title character.","House, M.D. is an American medical drama television series that originally ran for eight seasons.",summarization Who are Industrial Light and Magic?,"Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) is an American motion picture visual effects company that was founded on May 26, 1975 by George Lucas. It is a division of the film production company Lucasfilm, which Lucas founded, and was created when he began production on the original Star Wars, now the fourth episode of the Skywalker Saga. ILM originated in Van Nuys, California, then later moved to San Rafael in 1978, and since 2005 it has been based at the Letterman Digital Arts Center in the Presidio of San Francisco. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired ILM as part of its purchase of Lucasfilm.","Industrial Light and Magic are one of the biggest and most innovative VFX (Visual Effects) and CGI (Computer generated imagery) firms. The company was started by George Lucas.and was acquired by Disney. They have contributed Visual special effects for over 300 films including the Star Wars series, Indiana Jones series and the Jurassic Park series.",closed_qa "If I wanted to travel the world, would it be faster to travel by air or sea?",,"Generally, you can travel faster by air than sea.",open_qa Extract some details about the company Body Shop International Limited from the given text,"The Body Shop International Limited, trading as The Body Shop, is a British cosmetics, skin care and perfume company. Founded in 1976 by Anita Roddick, the company currently has a range of 1,000 products sold in about 3,000 stores, divided between those owned by the company and franchised outlets in more than 65 countries. Originally trading from Brighton, the company is now based in London Bridge and Littlehampton, West Sussex, and is owned by Brazilian cosmetics company Natura as a subsidiary of the Natura & Co group. The company had been owned by the French cosmetics company L'Oréal between 2006 and 2017. In September 2017, L'Oréal sold the company to Brazilian Natura & Co for £880 million.","1. The body shop is a British Cosmetic, skin care and perfume company. 2. It was founded in 1976 by Anita Roddick. 3. he company presently sells 1,000 products in around 3,000 stores in more than 65 countries, divided between those owned by the company and franchised outlets. 4. Originally established in Brighton, the company is now based in London Bridge and Littlehampton, West Sussex, and is owned by the Natura & Co group, a subsidiary of the Brazilian cosmetics giant Natura. 5. Between 2006 and 2017, L'Oréal, a French cosmetics firm, owned the business. Brazilian Natura & Co. purchased the business from L'Oréal in September 2017 for £880 million.",summarization Who is the next coach at Fc Bayern München to take over from Julian Nagelsmann?,"Nagelsmann era (2021–2023) Under new coach Julian Nagelsmann, Bayern have completed the feat of winning 10 consecutive Bundesliga titles following a 3–1 Der Klassiker win. However, the team unexpectedly lost to Villarreal in the Champions League quarter-finals, going out at that stage for the second year in a row. On 24 March 2023, Nagelsmann was released by Bayern and replaced by Thomas Tuchel, who received a contract until 30 June 2025.","Thomas Tuchel replaced Julian Nagelsmann in March 2023 and is now the new coach at FC Bayern Munich, and was previously the coach at Chelsea.",summarization Why is it good to fly direct?,,"When flying direct to a location, you cut down on potential negative variable while traveling. If you have a layover, there is the chance you might miss you flight if your first flight is delayed. Additionally, if you check your luggage there is the chance it is lost between flights. This doesn't always happen but the chance of it happening is there when you book a one or two stop flight. Finally, it is always faster if you are able to fly to a destination directly",open_qa what was the biggest tax change from tax reform,,competitive US corp tax rates when compared to rest of world,open_qa Where is Tamil language spoken?,"Tamil is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia. Tamil is an official language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, the sovereign nations of Sri Lanka and Singapore, and the Indian Union territory of Puducherry. Tamil is also spoken by significant minorities in the four other South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is also spoken by the Tamil diaspora found in many countries, including Malaysia, Myanmar, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia and Mauritius. Tamil is also natively spoken by Sri Lankan Moors. One of 22 scheduled languages in the Constitution of India, Tamil was the first to be classified as a classical language of India.","Tamil is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia. It is the official language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu as well as the union territory Puducherry, as well as the sovereign nations of Sri Lanka and Singapore. Tamil is also spoken by significant minorities in the four other South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is also spoken by the Tamil diaspora found in many countries, including Malaysia, Myanmar, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia and Mauritius.",closed_qa """repair instead of replace"" give five points to support this argument",,"1) saves cost 2) reduces wastage 3) good for environment 4) promotes local employment 5) efficient use of resources",brainstorming Where are the best places to buy hardware supplies?,,"There are several places where you can buy hardware supplies. This could include Home Depot, Lowes, Amazon, ACE Hardware, Lowes or Target.",brainstorming How can I make the paint color purple from primary colors?,,"By combining Red and Blue primary colors, you can make purple.",open_qa What is Gyebangsan?,"Gyebangsan is a mountain of Gyeongsangnam-do, located in southeastern South Korea.","Gyebangsan is a mountain, located in southeastern South Korea.",closed_qa When did Felix Luna die?,"Félix César Luna (30 September 1925 – 5 November 2009) was an Argentine writer, lyricist and historian.","Felix Luna died on November 5th, 2009",summarization What is disadvantage of naive algorithm of simple random sampling?,"Several efficient algorithms for simple random sampling have been developed. A naive algorithm is the draw-by-draw algorithm where at each step we remove the item at that step from the set with equal probability and put the item in the sample. We continue until we have sample of desired size � k. The drawback of this method is that it requires random access in the set. The selection-rejection algorithm developed by Fan et al. in 1962 requires a single pass over data; however, it is a sequential algorithm and requires knowledge of total count of items � n, which is not available in streaming scenarios. A very simple random sort algorithm was proved by Sunter in 1977. The algorithm simply assigns a random number drawn from uniform distribution ( 0 , 1 ) (0,1) as a key to each item, then sorts all items using the key and selects the smallest � k items. J. Vitter in 1985 proposed reservoir sampling algorithms, which are widely used. This algorithm does not require knowledge of the size of the population � n in advance, and uses constant space. Random sampling can also be accelerated by sampling from the distribution of gaps between samples and skipping over the gaps.",The drawback of this method is that it requires random access in the set.,closed_qa In which country are the world's four busiest commuter rail stations located?,"Shibuya Station is a railway station in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan, operated jointly by East Japan Railway Company (JR East), Keio Corporation, Tokyu Corporation, and Tokyo Metro. With 2.4 million passengers on an average weekday in 2004, it is the fourth-busiest commuter rail station in Japan and the world (after Shinjuku, Ikebukuro, and Ōsaka / Umeda) handling a large amount of commuter traffic between the city center and suburbs to the south and west.",Japan,closed_qa What are some highlights of Lionel Messi's career goals?,"Lionel Messi is an Argentine professional footballer who has represented the Argentina national football team as a forward since his debut in 2005. Since then, Messi has scored 102 goals in 174 international appearances, making him the country's all-time top scorer; he surpassed Gabriel Batistuta's record of 54 goals with a free kick against the United States in the semi-final of the Copa América Centenario on 21 June 2016. He also holds the record for most goals by a South American male, surpassing Pelé‘s 77 goals with a hat-trick against Bolivia in September 2021. Messi made his debut for Argentina in a 2–1 away win over Hungary on 17 August 2005, and scored his first international goal a year later in his sixth appearance, against Croatia. Messi's goal against Serbia and Montenegro, on 16 June 2006, at the age of 18 years and 357 days, made him the youngest-ever scorer for Argentina at a FIFA World Cup. He has scored nine international hat-tricks, and has netted twice in a match on ten occasions. In a June 2022 friendly against Estonia, Messi scored five goals in a match for Argentina for the first time. Out of all his opponents, Messi has scored the most against Bolivia, netting eight goals in total.","He is his country's all-time top scorer with 102 goals in 174 international appearances. He also is the South American male with most goals, surpassing Pelé's 77 goals. He also was the youngest-ever scorer for Argentina at a Fifa World Cup. He has scored nine international hat-tricks, and scored five times in a match for Argentina for the first time against Estonia in June 2022.",summarization "Given this reference text about Husinec, what was the highest temperature reached in Fahrenheit?","Husinec is located about 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Prague. It lies in the Prague Plateau. It it situated in a meander of the Vltava River, partly in the valley of the river and partly on a promontory above the valley. The municipality is known for high average temperatures, which are caused by the specific relief of the landscape and the natural conditions of the river valley. Drought-tolerant and heat-tolerant plants typical of subtropical climates thrive here. On 19 June 2022, the highest June temperature in the Czech Republic was recorded here, namely 39.0 °C (102.2 °F).",102.2 degrees Fahrenheit,closed_qa what are ways to improve public speaking skills?,,"practice, practice, practice! Utilize every opportunity that you can practice, whether a prepared speech or an impromptu one. Effective practices make a big difference. For introverted speakers or who are afraid the stage, the first step is to find a safe and supportive environment to try. Consider joining a toastmaster club. Start by talking about topics that you are most comfortable and familiar with, like yourself! To improve faster, find a mentor or a trusted person to evaluate your speeches and provide constructive feedback. You can also record or tape yourself and watch it afterward. Try to pay attention to the areas of improvement next time when you speak. Be mindful whenever you speak.",brainstorming What is a standing wheelchair?,"A standing wheelchair (also known as a standing chair, a wheeled stander or a stander) is assistive technology, similar to a standing frame, that allows a wheelchair user to raise the chair from a seated to a standing position. The standing wheelchair supports the person in a standing position and enables interaction with people and objects at eye level. Types and function Standing wheelchairs can be either manually operated, have power-operated wheels but manual lifting mechanisms or be fully powered with, for example, hydraulic lifting mechanisms. They are used both to achieve regular mobility and to stand the person up using hydraulics or other power sources. Some standing wheelchairs may be driven from the standing position, however there is some medical concern of an increased risk of long bone fractures while driving due to the legs being under a heavy load.",A standing wheelchair is assistive technology that allows a wheelchair user to riase the char from a seated to a standing position.,summarization What is the state capital of Nevada?,,The state capital of Nevada is Carson City. Carson City is named after Kit Carson and was founded in 1858.,brainstorming Why did the population expand in Seattle in the 2000s?,,"A large job expansion in technology, with Microsoft and Amazon being high wage paying jobs and 10s of thousands of new employees",open_qa Who is Sanford School of Public Policy at Duke named after?,"The Sanford School of Public Policy at Duke University is named after former Duke president and Governor of North Carolina Terry Sanford, who established the university's Institute for Policy Sciences and Public Affairs in 1971 as an interdisciplinary program geared toward training future leaders. When the School's current building on Duke's West Campus opened in 1994, the structure was named—and the Institute renamed—in honor of Sanford. The building was designed by Architectural Resources Cambridge, Inc. in a Modern Gothic style. The Sanford School offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral programs in Public Policy. A second building, named for principal benefactor David Rubenstein, opened in August 2005. The building houses several of the school's centers including the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy and the Duke Center for International Development. Rubenstein Hall had its formal dedication, which included a speech by former U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell on November 4, 2005.","The Sanford School of Public Policy at Duke University is named after former Duke president and Governor Terry Sanford, who established the Institute for Policy Sciences and Public Affairs in 1971. It offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral programs in Public Policy. A second building, named for principal benefactor David Rubenstein, opened in 2005. The Institute became Duke's tenth school in 2009.",summarization Tell me about Crater Lake National Park,,"Crater Lake National Park, located in Oregon is an astonishing national park full of beautiful views and pristine natural surroundings. The Park itself was officially founded in 1902 but prior to that it was considered a holy place by Native American Indians for hundreds of years. The water in Crater Lake is a deep, dark blue and remains relatively cold year round. Crater Lake is actually the remnant of an imploded volcano that filled with water of the centuries and is in fact, the deepest lake in the United States. The caldera itself is 6 miles by 5 miles and more than a half mile deep. The rim offers some spectacular views of the lake itself and surrounding caldera formation.",creative_writing "Given the reference text about the Cy Young Award, please describe what the award is and why it is awarded.","The Cy Young Award is given annually to the best pitchers in Major League Baseball (MLB), one each for the American League (AL) and National League (NL). The award was first introduced in 1956 by Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick in honor of Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young, who died in 1955. The award was originally given to the single best pitcher in the major leagues, but in 1967, after the retirement of Frick, the award was given to one pitcher in each league.","The Cy Young Award is given to the best pitches in the American and National leagues of Major League Baseball, for their achievements that exceed those of their peers.",closed_qa What is ProSavin,"ProSavin is an experimental drug believed to be of use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It is administered to the striatum in the brain, inducing production of dopamine. It is manufactured by Oxford BioMedica. Results from a Phase I/II clinical trial were published in the Lancet and showed safety, but little efficacy. ProSavin was superseded by AXO-Lenti-PD (OXB-102), an optimized version of the drug.","ProSavin is an experimental drug believed to be of use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It is administered to the striatum in the brain, inducing production of dopamine.",summarization What is the mascot of Cornell University?,,"Cornell's mascot is ""Big Red"" or ""Touchdown the Bear."" It's common to hear Cornellian's chant ""Go Big Red"" at sporting events.",open_qa What is Apache Hive?,,Apache Hive is a data warehouse software project built on top of Apache Hadoop for providing data query and analysis. Hive gives an SQL-like interface to query data stored in various databases and file systems that integrate with Hadoop.,open_qa Have you heard of Malibamat'so River and where does it flow?,"The Malibamat'so River is a river in northern Lesotho. Its origin is near to the South African border, where it drains the eastern slopes of the Maloti Range. It flows southwards past the village of Lejone, and eventually joins the Senqu River 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of Mohlanapeng. The Malibamat'so forms the northern arm of the Katse Dam reservoir, a part of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. Katse is Africa's highest elevation dam at 1,993 metres (6,539 ft) above sea level. Here the river is joined by the Bokong/Bokung River. Downstream the Malibamat'so's left bank tributaries are the Matsoku and Semenanyane Rivers, before it forms a right bank tributary of the Senqu/Orange River.","Yes, the Malibamat'so River is a river in northern Lesotho. Its origin is near the South African border, where it drains the eastern slopes of the Maloti Range.",closed_qa What's the best BBQ place in Austin,,"Texas BBQ is one of the most famous and popular food choices for both visitors and locals. The Franklin BBQ in Austin gets the highest hypes all these years after former President Obama's visit. Its long waiting line has not pushed foodies and pilgrims away. Other popular but less crowded places includes Terry & Blacks BBQ, County Line, and Rudy's BBQ.",open_qa What is Herd Immunity?,,"It’s a form of indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a large %age of a population has become immune to an infection, thereby providing a measure of protection for individuals who are not immune",open_qa Where does this company produce its products?,"Sweet Tree Holdings is a Vermont, United States, company that produces maple products from a sugarbush and processing facility in Island Pond.","Island Pond, Vermont",closed_qa Is it safe to invest in stocks?,,"There are no guarantees of profits when you buy stock, which makes stock a risky investments. If a company doesn't do well or falls out of favor with investors, its stock can fall in price, and investors could lose money. With the other hand, Stocks offer investors the greatest potential for growth over the long haul. Investors willing to stick with stocks over long periods of time, say 15 years, generally have been rewarded with strong, positive returns.",open_qa Which leaders claimed the English throne in 1066?,"In 1066, several rival claimants to the English throne emerged. Among them were Harold Godwinson (recognised as king by the Witenagemot after the death of Edward the Confessor), Harald Hardrada (King of Norway who claimed to be the rightful heir of Harthacnut) and Duke William II of Normandy (vassal to the King of France, and first cousin once-removed of Edward the Confessor). Harald and William both invaded separately in 1066. Godwinson successfully repelled the invasion by Hardrada, but ultimately lost the throne of England in the Norman conquest of England.","Harold Godwinson, Harald Hardrada, and Duke William II of Normandy all claimed the English throne in 1066.",information_extraction What is Flink?,,"Apache Flink is an open-source, unified stream-processing and batch-processing framework developed by the Apache Software Foundation. The core of Apache Flink is a distributed streaming data-flow engine written in Java and Scala. Flink executes arbitrary dataflow programs in a data-parallel and pipelined manner.",open_qa What is an earphone?,,"Earphones are a little piece of electronic equipment that fits over or inside your ears. It can be used to listen to music, the radio, or your phone in private.",open_qa Can you put metal in a microwave?,,Most metals should not be put in a microwave oven,open_qa What is Cryptocurrency?,"A cryptocurrency, crypto-currency, or crypto is a digital currency designed to work as a medium of exchange through a computer network that is not reliant on any central authority, such as a government or bank, to uphold or maintain it. It is a decentralized system for verifying that the parties to a transaction have the money they claim to have, eliminating the need for traditional intermediaries, such as banks, when funds are being transferred between two entities.","Cryptocurrency is the digital currency built on the blockchain or other network which allows people to exchange and trade for goods. There are over 1000 different kinds of cryptocurrency around the world and each of them is designed differently. Currently, the popular cryptocurrencies are Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Dogecoin.",closed_qa Why do people need sleep?,,"Sleep is necessary for your overall health and well-being. Sleep is even so important not enough sleep can actually kill you. Sleep enables the body engage in processes that help rejuvenate the body through better mental and physical performance. A good night of rest will give you higher energy levels, better mood, clearer thinking and concentration.",open_qa What is ice hockey?,"Ice hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport. It belongs to a family of sports called hockey. In ice hockey, two opposing teams use ice hockey sticks to control, advance, and shoot a closed, vulcanized, rubber disc called a ""puck"" into the other team's goal. Each goal is worth one point. The team which scores the most goals is declared the winner. In a formal game, each team has six skaters on the ice at a time, barring any penalties, one of whom is the goaltender. Ice hockey is a full contact sport, and is considered to be one of the more physically demanding sports.","Ice hockey is a sport played on ice skates and each player has a hockey stick that they use to advance, pass, and shoot a puck attempting to score goals. In an ice hockey game, two teams play against each other and the team that scores the most goals win.",information_extraction Short Summary about 2011 Cricket World Cup,"The 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup was the tenth Cricket World Cup. It was played in India, Sri Lanka, and for the first time in Bangladesh. India won the tournament, defeating Sri Lanka by 6 wickets in the final at Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai, thus becoming the first country to win the Cricket World Cup final on home soil. India's Yuvraj Singh was declared the man of the tournament. This was the first time in World Cup history that two Asian teams had appeared in the final. It was also the first time since the 1992 World Cup that the final match did not feature Australia. Fourteen national cricket teams took part in this tournament, including 10 full members and four associate members of the International Cricket Council (ICC). The opening ceremony was held on 17 February 2011 at Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka, and the tournament was played between 19 February and 2 April. The first match was played between India and Bangladesh at the Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium in Mirpur, Dhaka.","- 2011 Cricket World Cup was played in India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh - India won the tournament defeating Sri Lanka. - Yuvraj Singh was declared the Man of the Tournament - Opening Ceremony was held on 17 February 2011 at Dhaka",summarization Write a short message to send to your doctor to ask if you need to make a separate appointment for each of your vaccines for an upcoming vacation to South Africa. The doctor is named Dr. Gupta,,"Hi Dr. Gupta, I'm reaching out because I will be traveling to South Africa soon, and I want to make sure I am up to date on all my vaccines before I go abroad. I know I need to make a travel appointment, but I wanted to check if I should make separate appointments for each vaccine or if I will be able to have all the vaccines given at one travel clinic appointment. Please let me know what scheduling makes sense, thanks so much!",creative_writing What is Brazilian Jiu Jitsu?,,"Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, or BJJ, is a grappling martial art that takes focuses on dominant position and submissions on the ground. Jiu Jitsu was introduced to Brazil in the early 1900s by a Japanese Judoka. It was then further developed by the Gracie family in Brazil. It is now one of the most popular self-defense martial arts in the world.",open_qa Malibamat'so River,"The Malibamat'so River is a river in northern Lesotho. Its origin is near to the South African border, where it drains the eastern slopes of the Maloti Range. It flows southwards past the village of Lejone, and eventually joins the Senqu River 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of Mohlanapeng. The Malibamat'so forms the northern arm of the Katse Dam reservoir, a part of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. Katse is Africa's highest elevation dam at 1,993 metres (6,539 ft) above sea level. Here the river is joined by the Bokong/Bokung River. Downstream the Malibamat'so's left bank tributaries are the Matsoku and Semenanyane Rivers, before it forms a right bank tributary of the Senqu/Orange River.","Malibamat'so River is a river in northern Lesotho. Its origin is near to the South African border, where it drains the eastern slopes of the Maloti Range. It flows southwards past the village of Lejone, and eventually joins the Senqu River 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of Mohlanapeng. The Malibamat'so forms the northern arm of the Katse Dam reservoir, a part of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. Katse is Africa's highest elevation dam at 1,993 metres (6,539 ft) above sea level. Here the river is joined by the Bokong/Bokung River.",closed_qa What language is HP GL,,"HP-GL, short for Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language and often written as HPGL, is a printer control language created by Hewlett-Packard (HP). HP-GL was the primary printer control language used by HP plotters. It was introduced with the plotter HP-8972 in 1977 and became a standard for almost all plotters. Hewlett-Packard's printers also usually support HP-GL/2 in addition to PCL.",open_qa What happens during Holy week in Mexico?,"Holy Week in Mexico is an important religious observance as well as important vacation period. It is preceded by several observances such as Lent and Carnival, as well as an observance of a day dedicated to the Virgin of the Sorrows, as well as a Mass marking the abandonment of Jesus by the disciples. Holy Week proper begins on Palm Sunday, with the palms used on this day often woven into intricate designs. In many places processions, Masses and other observances can happen all week, but are most common on Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday, with just about every community marking the crucifixion of Jesus in some way on Good Friday. Holy Saturday is marked by the Burning of Judas, especially in the center and south of the country, with Easter Sunday usually marked by a Mass as well as the ringing of church bells. Mexico's Holy Week traditions are mostly based on those from Spain, brought over with the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, but observances have developed variations in different parts of the country due to the evangelization process in the colonial period and indigenous influences. Several locations have notable observances related to Holy Week including Iztapalapa in Mexico City, Taxco, San Miguel de Allende and San Luis Potosí.","Holy Week in Mexico is a major religious celebration. Holy week starts on Palm Sunday and the major celebrations start on Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, the day marking the crucifixion of Jesus, and Easter Sunday when Jesus resurrected and marked by ringing of church bells. Mexico's Holy week is based on traditions from Spain, with some variations due to the evangelisation process during the colonial period and indigenous influences, for example Iztapalapa in Mexico City, Taxco, San Miguel de Allende and San Luis Potosí.",summarization What is geostatistics?,,"Geostatistics is a branch of statistics focusing on spatial or spatiotemporal datasets. Developed originally to predict probability distributions of ore grades for mining operations, it is currently applied in diverse disciplines including petroleum geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, meteorology, oceanography, geochemistry, geometallurgy, geography, forestry, environmental control, landscape ecology, soil science, and agriculture (esp. in precision farming). Geostatistics is applied in varied branches of geography, particularly those involving the spread of diseases (epidemiology), the practice of commerce and military planning (logistics), and the development of efficient spatial networks. Geostatistical algorithms are incorporated in many places, including geographic information systems (GIS).",open_qa Why is Andrew Jackson criticized for racial policies?,"Jackson used the power of the federal government to enforce the separation of the Native American tribes and whites. In May 1830, Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act through Congress. It gave the president the right to negotiate treaties to buy tribal lands in the eastern part of the United States in exchange for lands set aside for Native Americans west of the Mississippi, as well as broad discretion on how to use the federal funds allocated to the negotiations. The law was supposed to be a voluntary relocation program, but it was not implemented as one. Jackson's administration often achieved agreement to relocate through bribes, fraud and intimidation, and the leaders who signed the treaties often did not represent the entire tribe. The relocations could be a source of misery too: the Choctaw relocation was rife with corruption, theft, and mismanagement that brought great suffering to that people.","During Andrew Jackson's presidency the Indian Removal Act was passed by Congress. Even though this legislation was designed to give the President flexibility in negotiating with native American tribes, the President chose a harsher course of actions as a matter of course. Instead of offering voluntary relocation, there was a great deal of forced tribal relocation, as evidenced by the experience of the Cherokees and the ""Trail of Tears."" Other examples of unfair treatment by President Jackson including reaching agreements with leaders from tribes who often did not fully represent the tribe. A number of Native American leaders were corrupt in their dealings, benefiting individually at tremendous cost to their people. Ultimately, Native Americans in the eastern United States experienced remarkable hardships as a result of Andrew Jackson's policies and actions.",summarization Who was the first president of the United States of America?,,George Washington,open_qa What are the most famous sights of Sicily?,,"Sicily has a selection of stunning cultural and archaeological sights. The valley of temples in Agrigento is a conglomeration of temples and tombs from old Greece, dating back as far as 500 BC. Furthermore, the Etna is the tallest mountain in Sicily. The Etna is an active volcano, and the hiking paths offer stunning views over the island. Finally, the historical center of Palermo is another frequent stop for tourists as it has many ancient buildings, churches, markets, and alleys.",open_qa What is a vegan?,,"A vegan is one who doesn't eat any food product coming from or derived from animals. This includes eggs, fish, dairy, and to some, honey.",open_qa Which changes to the law are planned for the french pension reform?,"The pension reforms have been long-considered by Macron and his government. Reforming the pension system was a significant part of his platform for election in 2017, with initial protests and transport strikes in late 2019, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic which saw Macron delay the reforms further. Raising the retirement age was not part of these initial reforms, but another ""plan to unify the complex French pension system"" by ""getting rid of the 42 special regimes for sectors ranging from rail and energy workers to lawyers was crucial to keep the system financially viable"". On 26 October 2022, Macron announced in a televised interview that pension reform scheduled for 2023 intended to raise the retirement age to 65, specifically that the minimum retirement age to be able to receive a full pension would be ""gradually increased"" from 62 to 65 by 2031, by three months per year from September 2023 to September 2030. Furthermore, the number of years that contributions would need to be made to qualify for the full state pension would increase from 42 to 43 in 2027, meaning that some may have to work to 67 – the year at which a person is automatically able to receive a state pension from. In addition to this, France's 42 separate pension schemes would be ""streamlined"". Macron clarified he would be willing to ""discuss the retirement age with unions and make potential amendments"", and that not implementing the reforms would lead to a reduction in the size of pensions. Details of the reforms were scheduled to be revealed on 15 December 2022, but were delayed further to 10 January 2023, as a courtesy to the Greens and Republicans who were in the midst of electing new leaders; postponing the reforms to allow Macron to consult with said new leaders before revealing said details.",President Macron plans to raise the retirement age from 62 to 65 by 2031. The plan is to gradually increase the age by 3 month per year from September 2023 to September 2030.,summarization Have you heard of Doleshwor Mahadeva temple?,"Doleshwor Mahadeva (Nepali: डोलेश्वर महादेव) is a Hindu Temple of Lord Shiva located in Suryabinayak, south eastern part of Bhaktapur District, Nepal, and is believed to be the head part of Kedarnath temple located in Uttarakhand, India. History For 4000 years people have been searching for the head of the Panch Kedar temples, a bull who was Shiva in reality, who assumed the shape of a bull to avoid the five Pandava brothers, the heroes of the Mahabharat. The legend goes back to the fabled battle of Kurukshetra fought between the five Pandava brothers and their cousins, the 100 Kaurava brothers, which is the pivot of the Mahabharata. Many folk legends related to the Garhwal region, Lord Shiva and the creation of the Panch Kedar temples are narrated. A folk legend about Panch Kedar relates to the Pandavas, the heroes of the Hindu epic Mahabharata. The Pandavas defeated and slayed their cousins — the Kauravas in the epic Kurukshetra war. They wished to atone for the sins of committing fratricide (gotra hatya) and Brāhmanahatya (killing of Brahmins — the priest class) during the war. Thus, they handed over the reins of their kingdom to their kin and left in search of lord Shiva and to seek his blessings. First, they went to the holy city of Varanasi (Kashi), believed to be Shiva's favourite city and known for its Kashi Vishwanath Temple. But, Shiva wanted to avoid them as he was deeply incensed by the death and dishonesty at the Kurukshetra war and was, therefore, insensitive to Pandavas' prayers. Therefore, he assumed the form of a bull (Nandi) and hid in the Garhwal region. Not finding Shiva in Varanasi, the Pandavas went to Garhwal Himalayas. Bhima, the second of the five Pandava brothers, then standing astride two mountains started to look for Shiva. He saw a bull grazing near Guptakashi (“hidden Kashi” — the name derived from the hiding act of Shiva). Bhima immediately recognized the bull to be Shiva. Bhima caught hold of the bull by its tail and hind legs. But the bull-formed Shiva disappeared into the ground to later reappear in parts, with the hump raising in Kedarnath, the arms appearing in Tungnath, the face showing up at Rudranath, the nabhi (navel) and stomach surfacing in Madhyamaheshwar and the hair appearing in Kalpeshwar. The Pandavas pleased with this reappearance in five different forms, built temples at the five places for venerating and worshipping Shiva. The Pandavas were thus freed from their sins. It is also believed that the fore portions of Shiva appeared at Doleshwor Mahadeva Temple, Bhaktapur district Nepal. A variant of the tale credits Bhima of not only catching the bull, but also stopping it from disappearing. Consequently, the bull was torn asunder into five parts and appeared at five locations in the Kedar Khand of Garhwal region of the Himalayas. After building the Panch Kedar Temples, the Pandavas meditated at Kedarnath for salvation, performed yagna (fire sacrifice) and then through the heavenly path called the Mahapanth (also called Swargarohini), attained heaven or salvation.[citation needed]. The Panch Kedar Temples are constructed in the North-Indian Himalayan Temple architecture with the Kedarnath, Tungnath and Madhyamaheshwar temples looking similar. After completing the pilgrimage of Lord Shiva's darshan at the Panch Kedar Temples, it is an unwritten religious rite to visit Lord Vishnu at the Badrinath Temple, as a final affirmatory proof by the devotee that he has sought blessings of Lord Shiva. Research and findings The Hindu activist Bharat Jangam had been researching and claiming that Doleshwar Mahadev is the head part of Kedarnath based on the surprising links between Kedarnath and Doleshwor. The Sculptures of Shive found in both shrines are 4,000 years old. Even a stone scripture found in Doleshwor was written in Sanskrit and Old Nepalese. The priests in both shrines are selected from India's southern states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Both priests affix the word ‘ling’ after their names to convey their proximity to the god as his worshipper and both temples have a cluster of five Shiva shrines. The main deity of both priests is Birbhadra, a companion of Shiva, according to Hindu scriptures. Recognition On August 22, 2009 the head priest of Kedarnath peeth Shree 1008 Jagat Guru Bheemashankarling Shivacharya unveiled the plaque claiming that Doleswore Mahadev, located in Jangam math Bhaktapur, is the head part of Shri Kedarnath. He performed Rudra Abhishek, a special worshipping at the Doleshwor temple situated in Sipadol village of Bhaktapur district. This is also mentioned in the inscription (Sheela Lekh) at Doleshwar Mahadev. Thousands of devotees have been thronging in the Doleswor Mahadev Temple.","Yes, Doleshwor Mahadeva (Nepali: डोलेश्वर महादेव) is a Hindu Temple of Lord Shiva located in Suryabinayak, south eastern part of Bhaktapur District, Nepal",closed_qa What is grep used for?,"grep is a command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines that match a regular expression. Its name comes from the ed command g/re/p (globally search for a regular expression and print matching lines), which has the same effect. ""grep"" was originally developed for the Unix operating system, but later available for all Unix-like systems and some others such as OS-9.","grep is a popular Unix command that is used to search plain-text data sets for lines that match a pattern or regular expression. grep (global regular expression print) was originally developed for the Unix operating system, but later available for all Unix-like systems. An example of using the grep command to search for a keyword in a file: grep keyword file.txt You can pipe the output of other commands into grep. For example, grep can be used to search a directory for a file: ls ~/Desktop | grep keyword",closed_qa What is the currency in use in the Netherlands?,,The currency in use in the Netherlands is the euro.,open_qa Where does the name of the UK county 'Essex' originate from?,"The name Essex originates in the Anglo-Saxon period of the Early Middle Ages and has its root in the Anglo-Saxon (Old English) name Ēastseaxe (""East Saxons""), the eastern kingdom of the Saxons who had come from the continent and settled in Britain. Excavations at Mucking have demonstrated the presence of Anglo-Saxon settlers in the early fifth century, however the way in which these settlers became ascendent in the territory of the Trinovantes is not known. Studies suggest a pattern of typically peaceful co-existence, with the structure of the Romano-British landscape being maintained, and with the Saxon settlers believed to have been in the minority.","The name Essex originates in the Anglo-Saxon period of the Early Middle Ages and has its root in the Anglo-Saxon (Old English) name Ēastseaxe (""East Saxons"").",closed_qa Was Jesus and actual person,,Yes. Jesus was an historical person.,brainstorming Who is Doom Guy?,"The Doomguy (also spelt Doom Guy, as well as referred to as the Doom Marine, Doom Slayer or just the Slayer in Doom (2016) and Doom Eternal) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Doom video game franchise of first-person shooters created by id Software. He was created by American video game designer John Romero. He was introduced as the player character in the original 1993 video game Doom. Within the Doom series, Doomguy is a demon hunter space marine dressed in green combat armor who rarely speaks onscreen, and his personality and backstory were intentionally vague to reinforce his role as a player avatar. In Doom Eternal, he is voiced by American voice actor Matthew Waterson, while Jason Kelley voices the character in that game's downloadable content The Ancient Gods: Part Two. He has appeared in several other games developed by id Software, including Quake Champions and Quake III Arena.",Doom Guy was created by John Romero as the fictional protagonist of the Doom video game. In the game he is a demon hunter space marine dressed in green combat armor.,information_extraction "What is the name of the Winslow's nerdy next-door neighbor on the TV show ""Family Matters""?",,Steve Urkel,open_qa "Which of the following months has 31 days? January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December",,"January, March, May, July, August, October and December have 31 days.",classification "Given this paragraph about triathlon, who founded ironman","On Wednesday, September 25, 1974, the race started. It began with a run of a 4.8 km (3 mi) loop, followed by biking twice around Fiesta Island for a total of 8.0 km (5 mi). Entrants would then get off the bikes, take their shoes off and run into the water to swim to the mainland. That was followed by running in bare feet, then swimming again along the bay, then one last swim up to the entrance of Fiesta Island, and a final crawl up a steep dirt bank to finish. Most participants were not skilled swimmers, so Johnstone recruited his 13-year-old son to float on his surfboard and act as lifeguard. Some participants took longer than expected, and it began to get dark as they finished their swims. Shanahan recalls they pulled up a few cars and turned on the headlights so the athletes could see. Johnstone and Shanahan were surprised by the large number of entrants (46), mainly coming from local running clubs. Two notable entrants, Judy and John Collins, would four years later found the event which brought international attention to the new sport: the Hawaii Ironman","Ironman was founded by Judy and John Collins four years after the first known modern day triathlon on Wednesday, September 25th, 1974.",closed_qa What is the use of a vaccine?,"A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future.",Vaccines can be used to provide immunity to a specific disease or infection. It works by stimulating the body's immune system to be able to identify and destroy threat agents.,information_extraction How does the federal government of the USA implement separation of powers?,,"To maintain separation of powers, the US federal government has three branches that each maintain separate and independent powers: judicial, executive, legislative",open_qa What is home automation and how can it be used?,,"Home automation is the process of installing various interactive components in a home as a way to centralize the management of these components through an integrated interface such as a phone, table, computer, or dedicated virtual assistant such as Alexa. The advantage of home automation is that the various arrays of smart devices available on the market today can be programmed on a daily, weekly, or hourly schedule. These devices can include lights, switches, plugs, appliances, televisions, garage door openers, locks, and security cameras. Through voice assistants like Alexa you can name your devices and verbally issue commands that the voice assistant will use to action with the targeted smart device. The applications for this technology are extensive including allowing for remote monitoring for security purposes, ensuring minimal energy consumption in your home, providing remote access to your home while away, and simply automating the use of your residence.",brainstorming What is the timeline for the band Level 42?,"Level 42 is an English jazz-funk band formed on the Isle of Wight in 1979. They had a number of UK and worldwide hits during the 1980s and 1990s. Their highest-charting single in the UK was ""Lessons in Love"", which reached number three on the UK Singles Chart, and number 12 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, upon its release in 1986. An earlier single, ""Something About You"", was their most successful chart-wise in the United States, reaching number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. After much success as a live and studio band in the 1980s, Level 42's commercial profile diminished during the early 1990s following a series of personnel changes and musical shifts. Disbanding in 1994, the band reformed in 2001.",Level 42 formed on 1979. They enjoyed success throughout the 1980s but had disbanded by 1994. The band reformed in 2001.,information_extraction What was the Battle of Midway?,"The Battle of Midway was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II that took place from 4–7 June 1942, six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea. The U.S. Navy under Admirals Chester W. Nimitz, Frank J. Fletcher, and Raymond A. Spruance defeated an attacking fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy under Admirals Isoroku Yamamoto, Chūichi Nagumo, and Nobutake Kondō north of Midway Atoll, inflicting devastating damage on the Japanese fleet. Military historian John Keegan called it ""the most stunning and decisive blow in the history of naval warfare"", while naval historian Craig Symonds called it ""one of the most consequential naval engagements in world history, ranking alongside Salamis, Trafalgar, and Tsushima Strait, as both tactically decisive and strategically influential""","The Battle of Midway was the turning point of the Pacific Naval Campaign of WW2 and occurred June 4-7, 1942. The US Navy, under Chester Nimitz defeated the Imperial Japanese Navy and sunk 4 of their aircraft carriers. This was a significant setback for the Japanese and marked the first major defeat of the Imperial Japanese fleet in WW2.",information_extraction "Tell me whether these are books by black authors: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Homegoing, Between the World and Me, Becoming, Beloved, The Color Purple.",,"The books: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Homegoing, Between the World and Me, Becoming, Beloved, and The Color Purple are all written by black authors.",classification What does a drilling engineer do?,,"A drilling engineer is a specialist at drilling wells. They will create a plan for drilling different types of wells - vertical and horizontal wells. They have to have a very good understanding of the subsurface and how temperatures, pressures and depth affect the drilling of a well in real time. They will also oversee all drilling operations and are involved in completion design, well design and well abandonment.",open_qa What is a garden center?,"A garden centre (Commonwealth English spelling; U.S. nursery or garden center) is a retail operation that sells plants and related products for the domestic garden as its primary business. It is a development from the concept of the retail plant nursery but with a wider range of outdoor products and on-site facilities. It is now usual for garden centres to obtain their stock from plants which have been propagated elsewhere, such as by specialist nurseries or wholesalers.",A garden center sells plants and products for domestic gardens. Plants are usually obtained from other specialist nurseries or wholesalers. It is the addition of outdoor products that make it different from the plant nurseries of the past.,summarization Where is Rihanna from?,,The artist known as Rihanna was born on the island of Barbados.,open_qa To acquire Swedish citizenship by naturalisation what should be the minimum age of the applicant and what documents are required.,"Swedish citizenship can be acquired by naturalisation, also known as citizenship by application. A foreigner may be granted Swedish citizenship upon meeting certain requirements. Person should be able to prove identity, 18 years of age or older, has a permanent residence permit or has a right of residence or residence card (applies to EU citizens or close relatives of EU citizens), meets the requirements for habitual residence and has maintained good conduct while in Sweden.",Minimum age should be 18 years and applicant should have permanent residence permit or right of residence.,closed_qa "Tell me which of these items would be helpful on a camping trip: Golf Club, Tent, Matches, Axe, Soccer Ball, Xbox, Water bottle",,"The following items would be helpful on a camping trip: Tent, Matches, Axe, Water bottle.",classification "Given this paragraph about Kevum, explain when it is typically consumed?","Kevum or Kavum is a deep-fried Sri Lankan sweet made from rice flour and kithul (sugar-palm) treacle, with a number of variants adding additional ingredients. It is also known as oil cake. Kevum is traditionally given and consumed during celebrations of Sinhala and Tamil New Year.","It's consumed usually for Sinahala and Tamil celebrations. Particularly, the New Year.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph about the prehistory of Sri Lanka, what are the evidence for prehistoric human colonization in Sri Lanka?","Evidence of human colonization in Sri Lanka appears at the site of Balangoda. Balangoda Man arrived on the island about 125,000 years ago and has been identified as Mesolithic hunter-gatherers who lived in caves. Several of these caves, including the well-known Batadombalena and the Fa Hien Cave, have yielded many artifacts from these people, who are currently the first known inhabitants of the island. Balangoda Man probably created Horton Plains, in the central hills, by burning the trees in order to catch game. However, the discovery of oats and barley on the plains at about 15,000 BCE suggests that agriculture had already developed at this early date. Several minute granite tools (about 4 centimetres in length), earthenware, remnants of charred timber, and clay burial pots date to the Mesolithic. Human remains dating to 6000 BCE have been discovered during recent excavations around a cave at Warana Raja Maha Vihara and in the Kalatuwawa area.","The oldest prehistoric evidence of human colonization in Sri Lanka goes back to about 125,000 years to a man named Balangoda Man. He was a Mesolithic hunter-gatherer who lived in caves. Furthermore, human remains dating back to 6000 BCE have also been found in several cites in the country.",closed_qa Why is the band Phish so popular?,,"Phish have taken influences from many genres of music including rock, metal, blues, jazz, country, latin, barbershop quartet, and americana and blended it into their own take on improvisational jam band rock. Their music often contains sections that are composed interspersed with long improvisational passages. Each time you hear one of their songs, in part, it has never been heard before. The setlists of their live shows are never been repeated, each one is different. Each of the musicians is virtuosic in their instrument - Trey Anastasio on guitar, Page McConnell on Keyboard, Mike Gordon on bass, and Jon Fishman on drums. Their live shows are high energy and the music takes fans on a journey. Their lighting director, Chris Kuroda, is known as the fifth member of the band as the lighting meshes seamlessly with the music. Phish has been together since 1983 and over the course of the past 40 years they have hundreds of original songs as well as incorporating their own take on many cover songs. The lyrics range from whimsical to melancholic but are more often geared towards the whimsical side. Phish is regarded as being one of the most influential bands, along with the Grateful Dead, in the jam band music scene. Like the Grateful Dead, their fans tend to be incredibly devoted, often traveling to see many shows in a single tour.",open_qa What is the Mile of Music?,,"The Mile of Music is an annual 4-day music festival held in Appleton, WI. Started in 2013, each year of the festival increments an additional 'mile,' so 2023 will be celebrating Mile 10. The artists that perform are typically up-and-coming artists who only play original music at the festival. Sets tend to be about an hour long, and they are hosted throughout the approximate 1-mile stretch of downtown Appleton on College Avenue at various coffee shops, bars, restaurants and parks. A wide range of musical genres have been represented, including: rock, country, jazz, folk, hip hop and circus punk. Some performers come from the local area, such as Kyle Megna and The Monsoons. Others are more regional performers, like Bascom Hill. But many performers come from across the country, and have performed on multiple 'Miles', such as Chestnut Grove, The Quiet Hollers and Jamie Kent. Repeat bands often feel famous during the four days of the festival, leading Jamie Kent to write his song 'Famous (in Appleton)'. In conjunction with the music festival, an annual supported bike ride was launched called Bike to the Beat. Riders can stop at several locations along routes of various distances to get refreshments and hear performers from the festival.",open_qa Where was 52nd International Film Festival of India held ?,,Goa (Nov 20 to Nov 28),open_qa Why are visualisations useful for communicating information?,,"There are several reasons that visualisations are useful for communicating information. One reason is that the messages we are trying to convey can often be based on large amounts of data. In this case, visualisations can provide a useful way of summarising the data to present significant patterns in an easily consumable manner. Another reason worth highlighting is that the choice of the right visualisations can direct the viewer to a conclusion, for example a heat-map might concentrate the viewers attention to a particular set of data points.",open_qa What is the mona lisa?,,"The Mona Lisa is one of the rarest and most valuable paintings in history. It was painted by Leonardo da Vinci in 1503. Appraisers also say the Mona Lisa is priceless, but if it was ever auctions that it would be worth more than a billion dollars. The Mona Lisa is currently on display at the Louvre Museum in Paris, France. You can pay for a tour of the Louvre Museum and at the end of the tour or walk through you get to see the Mona Lisa.",open_qa What are the different types of fees that are charged in the US National Park?,,"Experiencing a US National park to it's fullest may require different kinds of fees and charges. The entree fee to the park, can vary based on vehicle and visitor type, and also can be different across parks. If one has plans of visiting multiple national parks/preserves within 12 months, the national park pass can be a good purchase. Many national parks offer activities within the facilities with an extra fee. Some of the parks are equipped with restaurants and lodges for a proper meal or stay, and the fees are charged accordingly. Most of the parks, if not all would have convenience store in / attached / near to the visitor center, which can offer frozen meals and other merchandizes for a cost.",brainstorming Is the Wetmorena agasepsoides a lizard,"Wetmorena agasepsoides, the serpentine four-toed galliwasp, is an endangered species of lizard of the Diploglossidae family endemic to the Dominican Republic on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola.","Yes, the Wetmorena agasepsoides, the serpentine four-toed galliwasp, is an endangered species of lizard of the Diploglossidae family endemic to the Dominican Republic on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola.",summarization "From the given text, list down some points about television series Sadie J","Sadie J is a British children's television comedy-drama series about a girl named Sadie Jenkins, who is described as ""the only girl in a boys' world"" because she is surrounded by her Dad Steve, his apprentice Keith, her brother Danny, his best friend Jake and their dog Roger. It is produced by the BBC and airs on the CBBC Channel. The show premiered on 14 January 2011 and produced three series, with the final episode aired on 27 March 2013. As of September 2013, Sadie J is now shown in the United States on the Starz Kids & Family cable network.","1. Sadie Jenkins is the protagonist of the British children's television comedy-drama series Sadie J. She is said to as ""the only girl in a boys' world"" because she lives with her father Steve, his apprentice Keith, her brother Danny, his best friend Jake, and their dog Roger. 2. It is a BBC production and is broadcast on the CBBC Channel. 3. The programme debuted on January 14, 2011, produced three seasons, and its final episode broadcast on March 27, 2013. 4. As of September 2013, the Starz Kids & Family cable network now broadcasts Sadie J in the United States.",summarization "What are some items you can put on a bookshelf, other than books, to make it nice looking.",,"Peppering a bookshelf with items other than books can be aesthetically pleasing. Some ideas for items to add to a bookshelf include small containers or boxes to hold small items, pictures in picture frames, book ends, trinkets, polished stones or crystals, candles, statues, plants, flower arrangements (living or dried), a standing clock, antique machines, a lamp, or a globe.",brainstorming How can I spend more time with my dog?,,"You can play fetch. Go on hikes with your dog. You can train them. Hide the treats and use snuggle mat to keep their brain and nose activity high. You can go for leisurely long walks. Go on a trip with them. All these would make you spend more time with your pet and care for them and it will improve the bonding.",brainstorming Who are the most commonly mentioned best rappers of all time?,,"In no particular order, the most common top 5 rappers in ""top 5 dead or alive"" lists are as follows: Jay-Z, Nas, Tupac, The Notorious BIG, Eminem. Obviously everyone has their own preferences and styles they prefer, but more often than not, these are the 5 rappers mentioned in most lists. These rappers all had great commercial success and critical acclaim from the industry and their peers.",brainstorming What is Sensory processing disorder?,"Sensory processing disorder (SPD, formerly known as sensory integration dysfunction) is a condition in which multisensory input is not adequately processed in order to provide appropriate responses to the demands of the environment. Sensory processing disorder is present in many people with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Individuals with SPD may inadequately process visual, auditory, olfactory (smell), gustatory (taste), tactile (touch), vestibular (balance), proprioception (body awareness), and interoception (internal body senses) sensory stimuli. Sensory integration was defined by occupational therapist Anna Jean Ayres in 1972 as ""the neurological process that organizes sensation from one's own body and from the environment and makes it possible to use the body effectively within the environment"".Sensory processing disorder has been characterized as the source of significant problems in organizing sensation coming from the body and the environment and is manifested by difficulties in the performance in one or more of the main areas of life: productivity, leisure and play or activities of daily living. Sources debate whether SPD is an independent disorder or represents the observed symptoms of various other, more well-established, disorders.SPD is not included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association, and the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended in 2012 that pediatricians not use SPD as a stand-alone diagnosis.","Sensory processing disorder (SPD, formerly known as sensory integration dysfunction) is a condition in which multisensory input is not adequately processed to provide appropriate responses to the demands of the environment. Sensory processing disorder is present in many people with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Individuals with SPD may inadequately process visual, auditory, olfactory (smell), gustatory (taste), tactile (touch), vestibular (balance), proprioception (body awareness), and interoception (internal body senses) sensory stimuli.",closed_qa What are some ways to improve the value of your home?,,"There are several things you do can to increase the value of your home. First, you can focus on what is known as ""curb appeal"", essentially making the outside and surrounding of your house attractive. Ensure that the landscaping is well maintained, fix any broken doors or windows, and painting the outside so that the house does not look dull. In the interior of your house, the best places to focus will be in your bathrooms and kitchen. Further, you can replace major appliances and components such as water heaters, furnaces, or the roof to increase the value. Another way to increase the value of your home is by making it bigger. Often, pricing for homes is done by looking at the area of the house, so by adding on new rooms or extra space, you can also increase the overall value of the house.",brainstorming "Tell me which of these stores sells furnitures: Safeway, dollar tree, HEB, IKEA, home depot, walmart",,"IKEA and Walmart sells all kinds of furnitures, and home depot only sells outdoor furnitures",classification "According to this paragraph, what is the only state in North America that is an archpelago?","Hawaii (/həˈwaɪi/ (listen) hə-WY-ee; Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi [həˈvɐjʔi] or [həˈwɐjʔi]) is a state in the Western United States, about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from the U.S. mainland in the Pacific Ocean. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state in the tropics. Hawaii comprises nearly the entire Hawaiian archipelago, 137 volcanic islands spanning 1,500 miles (2,400 km) that are physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania. The state's ocean coastline is consequently the fourth-longest in the U.S., at about 750 miles (1,210 km). The eight main islands, from northwest to southeast, are Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and Hawaiʻi—the last of these, after which the state is named, is often called the ""Big Island"" or ""Hawaii Island"" to avoid confusion with the state or archipelago. The uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands make up most of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, the United States' largest protected area and the fourth-largest in the world.","Hawaii is the only state in North America that is an archipelago, according to this text.",closed_qa Who named the Landscape Arch?,The arch is among many in the Devils Garden area in the north of the park. Landscape Arch was named by Frank Beckwith who explored the area in the winter of 1933–1934 as the leader of an Arches National Monument scientific expedition. The arch can be reached by a 0.8 mi (1.3 km) graded gravel trail.,The landscape arch was named by Frank Beckwith who found the arch by exploring the area in the winter of 1933-1934,information_extraction "From the passage provided, extract where Java was developed","Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers write once, run anywhere (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of the underlying computer architecture. The syntax of Java is similar to C and C++, but has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. The Java runtime provides dynamic capabilities (such as reflection and runtime code modification) that are typically not available in traditional compiled languages. As of 2019, Java was one of the most popular programming languages in use according to GitHub,[citation not found] particularly for client–server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers. Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems. It was released in May 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The original and reference implementation Java compilers, virtual machines, and class libraries were originally released by Sun under proprietary licenses. As of May 2007, in compliance with the specifications of the Java Community Process, Sun had relicensed most of its Java technologies under the GPL-2.0-only license. Oracle offers its own HotSpot Java Virtual Machine, however the official reference implementation is the OpenJDK JVM which is free open-source software and used by most developers and is the default JVM for almost all Linux distributions. As of March 2023, Java 20 is the latest version, while Java 17, 11 and 8 are the current long-term support (LTS) versions.",Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems.,information_extraction "Many important hominid fossils have been found in Tanzania, such as 6-million-year-old Pliocene hominid fossils. The genus Australopithecus ranged across Africa between 4 and 2 million years ago, and the oldest remains of the genus Homo are found near Lake Olduvai. Following the rise of Homo erectus 1.8 million years ago, humanity spread all over the Old World, and later in the New World and Australia under the species Homo sapiens. H. sapiens also overtook Africa and absorbed the older species of humanity. Later in the Stone and Bronze Age, prehistoric migrations into Tanzania included Southern Cushitic speakers who moved south from present-day Ethiopia; Eastern Cushitic people who moved into Tanzania from north of Lake Turkana about 2,000 and 4,000 years ago; and the Southern Nilotes, including the Datoog, who originated from the present-day South Sudan–Ethiopia border region between 2,900 and 2,400 years ago.: page 18  These movements took place at about the same time as the settlement of the Mashariki Bantu from West Africa in the Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika areas. They subsequently migrated across the rest of Tanzania between 2,300 and 1,700 years ago.",In what country have many of the most important hominid fossils been found?,Many hominid fossils have been found inTanzania.,information_extraction What are the components of a passive crossover?,"A passive crossover is an electronic circuit that uses a combination of one or more resistors, inductors and capacitors. These components are combined to form a filter network and are most often placed between the full frequency-range power amplifier and the loudspeaker drivers to divide the amplifier's signal into the necessary frequency bands before being delivered to the individual drivers. Passive crossover circuits need no external power beyond the audio signal itself, but have some disadvantages: they may require larger inductors and capacitors due to power handling requirements. Unlike active crossovers which include a built-in amplifier, passive crossovers have an inherent attenuation within the passband, typically leading to a reduction in damping factor before the voice coil","A passive crossover is a loudspeaker circuit comprised of resistors, inductors, and capacitors.",information_extraction Where is the Bulgan Volcanic Field located?,"Khanuy-Gol (also known as Bulgan Volcanic Field, Chanuj Gol Hanui Gol or Hanuy Gol) is a volcanic field in Mongolia. Khanuy-Gol is located in the northern Hangai range, north of the settlement of Bulgan. Topographic map It covers a surface area of 3,500 square kilometres (1,400 sq mi) 150 kilometres (93 mi) southwest of Ulanbator. Among the 10 cones with heights of 30–190 metres (98–623 ft) that make up the field are Baga Togo Uul/Bogo-Togo-Ula (meaning ""Little Togo Mountain"", 28 metres (92 ft) high, 48°55.79′N 102°46.22′E to 48°55.34′N 102°45.75′E), Ikh Togo Uul/Ikha-Togo-Ula (meaning ""Great Togo mountain"", 219 metres (719 ft) high, 48°59.53′N 102°44.48′E), Togo, Urun Dush, and Uran Uul. This cone is the highest of the field, with a height of 280 metres (920 ft). Baga Togo Uul has one maar-like vent among its three vents, these vents are named Javalach, Togo and Tulga. Both Togo cones have a vegetation cover.","The Bulgan Volcanic Field is located in Mongolia, in the northern Hangai range.",closed_qa "Which of the following are companies that sell sports apparel? Nike, adidas, Energizer, Logitech, Dell, Saucony",,"Nike, Adidas, Saucony",classification "Given this paragraph about Lake Michigan, tell me where Lake Michigan ranks in terms of size by volume.","Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is the second-largest of the Great Lakes by volume (1,180 cu mi (4,900 km3)) and the third-largest by surface area (22,404 sq mi (58,030 km2)), after Lake Superior and Lake Huron. To the east, its basin is conjoined with that of Lake Huron through the 3+1⁄2 miles (5.6 kilometres) wide, 295 feet (90 metres; 49 fathoms) deep, Straits of Mackinac, giving it the same surface elevation as its easterly counterpart; the two are technically a single lake.",Lake Michigan is ranked second by volume,closed_qa What is the scientific formula for table salt?,,Table salt is expressed using the formula NaCl,open_qa What is a hurricane?,,"A hurricane is a form of a tropical cyclone. They usually start in the middle of the ocean near the equator in warm waters and develop in size to thousands of miles wide. They have a low pressure center, are spiral in nature, and are characterized by high winds. They are very destructive due to their high winds, torrential rain, and storm surge when they approach land.",open_qa What is beta oxidation?,,"In biochemistry and metabolism, beta oxidation (also β-oxidation) is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria in eukaryotes to generate acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle, and NADH and FADH2, which are co-enzymes used in the electron transport chain. It is named as such because the beta carbon of the fatty acid undergoes oxidation to a carbonyl group. Beta-oxidation is primarily facilitated by the mitochondrial trifunctional protein, an enzyme complex associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane, although very long chain fatty acids are oxidized in peroxisomes.",open_qa Who is the company ABB,"ABB Ltd. is a Swedish-Swiss multinational corporation headquartered in Zürich, Switzerland. The company was formed in 1988 when Sweden's Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget (ASEA) and Switzerland's Brown, Boveri & Cie merged to create ASEA Brown Boveri, later simplified to the initials ABB. Both companies were established in the late 1800s and were major electrical equipment manufacturers, a business that ABB remains active in today. The company has also since expanded to robotics and automation technology.","ABB Ltd. is a Swedish-Swiss multinational corporation headquartered in Zürich, Switzerland. The company was formed in 1988 when Sweden's Allmanna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget (ASEA) and Switzerland's Brown, Boveri & Cie merged to create ASEA Brown Boveri, later simplified to the initials ABB. Both companies were established in the late 1800s and were major electrical equipment manufacturers, a business that ABB remains active in today. The company has also since expanded to robotics and automation technology.",summarization What is an onigiri made of?,"Onigiri (お握り or 御握り), also known as omusubi (お結び), nigirimeshi (握り飯), or rice ball, is a Japanese food made from white rice formed into triangular or cylindrical shapes and often wrapped in nori. Traditionally, an onigiri is filled with pickled ume (umeboshi), salted salmon, katsuobushi, kombu, tarako, mentaiko, takanazuke (pickled takana, Japanese giant red mustard greens) or any other salty or sour ingredient as a natural preservative. Most Japanese convenience stores stock their onigiri with various fillings and flavors. There are even specialized shops which only sell onigiri to take out. Due to the popularity of this trend in Japan, onigiri has become a popular staple in Japanese restaurants worldwide.","Onigiri is a Japanese food made from white rice formed into triangular or cylindrical shapes and often wrapped in nori (seaweed). Traditionally, an onigiri is filled with pickled ume (umeboshi), salted salmon, katsuobushi, kombu, tarako, mentaiko, takanazuke (pickled takana, Japanese giant red mustard greens) or any other salty or sour ingredient as a natural preservative.",closed_qa What is the purpose of a phone case?,,Using a phone case protects your phone from damage. It prevents scratches and absorbs shock from impacts caused by things like dropping your phone.,open_qa "Given this paragraph about video game consoles, what was the first console?","The history of video game consoles, both home and handheld, had their origins in the 1970s. The concept of home consoles used to play games on a television set was founded by the 1972 Magnavox Odyssey, first conceived by Ralph H. Baer in 1966. Handheld consoles bore out from electro-mechanical games that had used mechanical controls and light-emitting diodes (LED) as visual indicators. Handheld electronic games had replaced the mechanical controls with electronic and digital components, and with the introduction of Liquid-crystal display (LCD) to create video-like screens with programmable pixels, systems like the Microvision and the Game & Watch became the first handheld video game consoles, and fully realized by the Game Boy system.",The Magnavox Odyssey in 1972,closed_qa What are the words of House Greyjoy?,,"""We Do Not Sow""",open_qa What is the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction?,,The Pulitzer in Fiction is awarded each year to the American author who published the best novel written in the prior year.,open_qa Name the two cities in India in which Kirby Building Systems produces their goods.,"Kirby Building Systems is a manufacturing company specialising in pre-engineered buildings. It was established in 1976 and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Alghanim Industries. Kirby has manufacturing facilities in Kuwait, Ras Al Khaimah, Hyderabad, Haridwar and Vietnam with a production capacity of over 400,000 MT per year. It has sales offices in 70 countries.",Haridwar and Hyderabad,closed_qa Where is the Crucifixion with the Virgin and St John painting located now?,"The Crucifixion with the Virgin and St John by Hendrick ter Brugghen is an oil painting, now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. It was probably painted c. 1625 as an altarpiece for a Catholic schuilkerk, a ""hidden church"" or ""church in the attic"", in the Calvinist Dutch United Provinces, probably Utrecht. When discovered in a bombed out church in South Hackney, London in 1956, it was unknown, but by the time it appeared in Sotheby's salesroom in November of that year it was recognized as an important example of Utrecht Caravaggism. It was acquired by the museum in the sale.",The Crucifixion with the Virgin and St John oil painting is located in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.,information_extraction What is dhollywood?,"Gujarati cinema, also known as Dhollywood, is the Gujarati language film industry. It is one of the major regional and vernacular film industries of the cinema of India, having produced more than one thousand films since its inception.",Dhollywood is a nickname for movies made by Gujarati cinema in India.,summarization Who is Ron Rivest?,"Ronald Linn Rivest is a cryptographer and an Institute Professor at MIT. He is a member of MIT's Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) and a member of MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). His work has spanned the fields of algorithms and combinatorics, cryptography, machine learning, and election integrity. Rivest is one of the inventors of the RSA algorithm (along with Adi Shamir and Len Adleman). He is the inventor of the symmetric key encryption algorithms RC2, RC4, RC5, and co-inventor of RC6. The ""RC"" stands for ""Rivest Cipher"", or alternatively, ""Ron's Code"". (RC3 was broken at RSA Security during development; similarly, RC1 was never published.) He also authored the MD2, MD4, MD5 and MD6 cryptographic hash functions.",Ron Rivest is a cryptographer and computer science professor at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). He is most well known as the inventor of the RSA public key cryptosystem (with Adi Shamir and Len Adleman). Rivest is also known as the inventor of the RC4 stream cipher and MD5 hash function.,closed_qa What is the name of the New England professional football team?,,New England Patriots,open_qa "Given this paragraph, in which categories did Everything Everywhere All At Once win an Oscar and how many Academy Awards did the film win in total?","Everything Everywhere All At Once is the most awarded film of all time. The film received a leading 11 nominations at the 95th Academy Awards, and won a leading seven awards: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actress (Yeoh), Best Supporting Actor (Quan), Best Supporting Actress (Curtis), Best Original Screenplay, and Best Film Editing,. It also won two Golden Globe Awards, five Critics' Choice Awards (including Best Picture), one BAFTA Award, a record four SAG Awards (including Best Ensemble), a record seven Independent Spirit Awards (including Best Feature), and swept the four major guild awards (DGA, PGA, SAG, and WGA).","Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Film Editing. The film won 7 Oscars.",closed_qa Who leads the Cambridge Zero initiative?,"Cambridge Zero is Cambridge University's response to climate change. Led by Dr Emily Shuckburgh OBE, a climate scientist, mathematician and science communicator, it is an interdisciplinary and collaborative initiative created ""to harness the full range of the University’s research and policy expertise, developing solutions that work for our lives, our society and our economy"". Shuckburgh stresses that Cambridge Zero will not work in isolation and that the climate crisis demands a holistic response: ""There is a really urgent need for, frankly, an immediate response on a scale that is utterly unprecedented and does require the whole of our economy and the whole of society. It's about all of us contributing in the way we live our lives"". Cambridge Zero was first announced by Cambridge Vice-Chancellor Stephen Toope in his annual address in October 2019. Electric flight is one of several engineering areas covered but Shuckburgh emphasizes the need for the broadest range of skills to support Cambridge Zero's output. She says, “I started being involved in climate-related research right at the start of it becoming an international political topic, and it’s been a convergence of different interests.” Cambridge Zero represents the University of Cambridge in the COP26 Universities Network and is a facilitator of COP26's ""Visions for a Net Zero Future"" initiative.","The Cambridge Zero is initiative is led by Dr. Emily Shuckburgh, she is a climate scientist, mathematician, and science communicator.",closed_qa "Outside of the Kelly and Birkin bags, what are some of the other bags that Hermès produces?","Hermès is known for its handmade luggage and handbags. One of them might require 18 to 24 hours to produce. The construction of each Kelly bag, for example, requires 18 hours to fully realize. Hermès's leathers come from all over the world. Customers may currently wait from six months to one year for delivery of one of the house's signature bags. Incidentally, should Hermès's leather goods require repair, owners can bring an item to any Hermès store, where it will be shipped to Les Ateliers Hermès in Pantin for repair or reconditioning.[citation needed] Another famous Hermès handbag, the ""Birkin bag"", was named after British actress Jane Birkin. In a chance encounter with Jean-Louis Dumas, she complained that her bag was not practical for everyday use. Consequently, he invited her to France where they co-designed the bag in 1984. Birkin has since stopped carrying her namesake bag due to her tendonitis, as the bag became too large and heavy for her to carry. Asked by her that her name be removed and with much back-and-forth comments about various issues such as having her name removed. According to Vogue: ""Jane Birkin 'is satisfied by the measures taken by Hermès', according to the brand, following an investigation by the fashion house [that refuted] claims made by PETA that its famous Birkin bags were being 'constructed from the skins of factory-farmed and cruelly slaughtered crocodiles.' "" While the Kelly and Birkin are two of the house's most famous bags, Hermès has a wide range of other popular handbags. One, the bolide is a dome shaped carry all that comes in varying sizes with a leather shoulder strap. It is widely recognized as the first handbag that was constructed with a zipper. The bolide comes in both stiff leathers such as epsom and relaxed leathers such as clemence. Another popular bag from the Hermès house is the evelyne, a comparatively affordable saddle style bag meant to be worn cross body with a traditionally fabric strap. The evelyne is available in 4 different sizes: the TPM (16 cm), PM (29cm), GM (33 cm)and TGM (40cm) and is generally made in relaxed leathers like clemence. The evelyne boasts a perforated ""H"" motif that is meant to be hidden and worn towards the body, to allow easy access to the top of the bag.","Outside of the Kelly and Birkin bags, the Bolide and the Evelyne are two other examples of bags produced by Hermès. The Bolide bag is a dome-shaped carry all that comes with a leather strap and various sizes. The Evelyne is comparatively affordable and is a saddle style bag that is meant to be worn cross body, with a fabric strap. Evelyne bags also come in various sizes.",information_extraction Where is Malard,"Malard (Persian: ملارد, also Romanized as Malārd and Melārd; also known as Malār) is a city in the Central District of Malard County, Tehran province, Iran, and serves as capital of the county. At the 2006 census, its population was 228,673 in 61,302 households. The following census in 2011 counted 290,817 people in 85,445 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 281,027 people in 86,830 households.","Malard is a city in the Central District of Malard County, Tehran province, Iran, and serves as capital of the county. At the 2006 census, its population was 228,673 in 61,302 households. The following census in 2011 counted 290,817 people in 85,445 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 281,027 people in 86,830 households.",summarization What is the definition of Vegetarian?,"""Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects, and the flesh of any other animal). It may also include abstaining from eating all by-products of animal slaughter. Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons. Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient animal life. Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs as well as animal rights advocacy. Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, economic, taste-related, or relate to other personal preferences.""","Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects, and the flesh of any other animal).",closed_qa Was Endless Nights released in November or December?,"Endless Nights in Aurora (Chinese: 極光之愛) is a 2014 Taiwanese romantic drama film directed by Lee Szu-yuan. It stars Rainie Yang and Chris Wang. It was released on December 19, 2014. Revolving around the romantic relationship of two generations, Alisha and her mother Xiao-feng, two parallel love stories are re-enacted across two and a half decades. With equally heated passion, the star-crossed lovers in different generations are faithfully attached to their experiences in love through promises, anticipation, losses, and forgiveness.",December,closed_qa "Based on the passage below, without quoting, give me a summary of the origins of the King James Version of the Bible.","Burntisland Parish Church (also known as St Columba's, Burntisland) is a church building in the Fife burgh of Burntisland, constructed for the Church of Scotland in 1592. It is historically important as one of the first churches built in Scotland after the Reformation, with a highly distinctive and apparently original square plan. It is Category A listed for its architectural and historical importance. In 1601 the church was the location of a meeting of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland which proposed to King James VI of Scotland that they work on a new Bible translation. When James became King James I of England he was able to devote resources to the production of what would ultimately become the King James Version.","The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland suggested the creation of a new Bible translation to King James VI of Scotland. When James became the King of England, he helped them produce what became known as the King James Version of the Bible.",summarization "Based on the passage provided, who is allowed to drive the beach strand route that connects Bald Head Island and Fort Fisher?","Bald Head Island, historically Smith Island, is a village located on the east side of the Cape Fear River in Brunswick County, North Carolina, United States. Compared to the nearby city of Wilmington to the north, the village of Bald Head Island is small and somewhat remote. It is accessible by ferry from the nearby town of Southport and by four-wheel drive vehicle along the beach strand from Fort Fisher to the north. Only government officials are allowed to drive the beach strand route. There are few cars on the island; instead, residents drive modified electric golf carts. Bald Head Island is nationally recognized for its sea turtle nesting activity. The population of the village was 158 at the 2010 census. The village is part of the Wilmington metropolitan area. The village is revered for its picturesque nature and is a popular location for vacationing. It was the primary filming location for the film Weekend at Bernie's in 1989 as well as a major location in The Butcher's Wife in 1991. ""Old Baldy"", its out-of-service lighthouse built in 1817, is the oldest still standing in the state.",Only government officials are allowed to drive the beach strand route that connects Fort Fisher and Bald Head Island.,information_extraction "What is Forest Park (Springfield, MA)?","Forest Park in Springfield, Massachusetts, is one of the largest urban, municipal parks in the United States, covering 735 acres (297 ha) of land overlooking the Connecticut River. Forest Park features a zoo, aquatic gardens, and outdoor amphitheater, in addition to design elements like winding wooded trails, and surprising, expansive views. The site of America's first public, municipal swimming pool, currently, during the holiday months Forest Park hosts a popular high-tech lighting display, known as Bright Nights. Contrary to popular belief, the park was not designed by Frederick Law Olmsted.","Forest Park is an urban park in Springfield, MA. It covers 735 acres and overlooks the Connecticut River. The park features a zoo, aquatic gardens, an outdoor amphitheater, as well as winding wooded trails and expansive views. Forest Park is the site of the first public municipal swimming pool in the US. During holiday months it hosts a high-tech lighting display known as Bright Nights.",summarization What is Cricket in sports?,"Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are ""out""). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information. Forms of cricket range from Twenty20, with each team batting for a single innings of 20 overs (each ""over"" being a set of 6 fair opportunities for the batting team to score) and the game generally lasting three hours, to Test matches played over five days. Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours. In addition to the basic kit, some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball, which is a hard, solid spheroid made of compressed leather with a slightly raised sewn seam enclosing a cork core layered with tightly wound string.","Cricket is highly popular game that's originated in south-eastern counties of England and now prominent sport in a number of countries in particular south asian countries like India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. It is in essence a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this and dismiss each batter. Forms of cricket range from Twenty20, one day to Test match lasting up to 5 days. The game originated as children's game is now a highly competitive professional sport followed by billions of people and in last decade commercialised at club level with the introduction of Indian Premier League (IPL).",closed_qa Who are the Green Bay Packers and who owns them?,"The Green Bay Packers are a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third-oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community-owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957. They have the most wins of any NFL franchise.","The Green Bay Packers are a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the National Football Conference (NFC) North division. The 'Packers' are the third-oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community-owned major league professional sports team based in the United States.",closed_qa What factors contributed to the decline of AI research in the 1970s?,"TThe first AI winter 1974–1980 In the 1970s, AI was subject to critiques and financial setbacks. AI researchers had failed to appreciate the difficulty of the problems they faced. Their tremendous optimism had raised expectations impossibly high, and when the promised results failed to materialize, funding for AI disappeared. At the same time, the field of connectionism (or neural nets) was shut down almost completely for 10 years by Marvin Minsky's devastating criticism of perceptrons. Despite the difficulties with public perception of AI in the late 70s, new ideas were explored in logic programming, commonsense reasoning and many other areas. The problems In the early seventies, the capabilities of AI programs were limited. Even the most impressive could only handle trivial versions of the problems they were supposed to solve; all the programs were, in some sense, ""toys"". AI researchers had begun to run into several fundamental limits that could not be overcome in the 1970s. Although some of these limits would be conquered in later decades, others still stymie the field to this day. Limited computer power: There was not enough memory or processing speed to accomplish anything truly useful. For example, Ross Quillian's successful work on natural language was demonstrated with a vocabulary of only twenty words, because that was all that would fit in memory. Hans Moravec argued in 1976 that computers were still millions of times too weak to exhibit intelligence. He suggested an analogy: artificial intelligence requires computer power in the same way that aircraft require horsepower. Below a certain threshold, it's impossible, but, as power increases, eventually it could become easy. With regard to computer vision, Moravec estimated that simply matching the edge and motion detection capabilities of human retina in real time would require a general-purpose computer capable of 109 operations/second (1000 MIPS). As of 2011, practical computer vision applications require 10,000 to 1,000,000 MIPS. By comparison, the fastest supercomputer in 1976, Cray-1 (retailing at $5 million to $8 million), was only capable of around 80 to 130 MIPS, and a typical desktop computer at the time achieved less than 1 MIPS. Intractability and the combinatorial explosion. In 1972 Richard Karp (building on Stephen Cook's 1971 theorem) showed there are many problems that can probably only be solved in exponential time (in the size of the inputs). Finding optimal solutions to these problems requires unimaginable amounts of computer time except when the problems are trivial. This almost certainly meant that many of the ""toy"" solutions used by AI would probably never scale up into useful systems. Commonsense knowledge and reasoning. Many important artificial intelligence applications like vision or natural language require simply enormous amounts of information about the world: the program needs to have some idea of what it might be looking at or what it is talking about. This requires that the program know most of the same things about the world that a child does. Researchers soon discovered that this was a truly vast amount of information. No one in 1970 could build a database so large and no one knew how a program might learn so much information. Moravec's paradox: Proving theorems and solving geometry problems is comparatively easy for computers, but a supposedly simple task like recognizing a face or crossing a room without bumping into anything is extremely difficult. This helps explain why research into vision and robotics had made so little progress by the middle 1970s. The frame and qualification problems. AI researchers (like John McCarthy) who used logic discovered that they could not represent ordinary deductions that involved planning or default reasoning without making changes to the structure of logic itself. They developed new logics (like non-monotonic logics and modal logics) to try to solve the problems. The end of funding See also: AI winter The agencies which funded AI research (such as the British government, DARPA and NRC) became frustrated with the lack of progress and eventually cut off almost all funding for undirected research into AI. The pattern began as early as 1966 when the ALPAC report appeared criticizing machine translation efforts. After spending 20 million dollars, the NRC ended all support. In 1973, the Lighthill report on the state of AI research in England criticized the utter failure of AI to achieve its ""grandiose objectives"" and led to the dismantling of AI research in that country. (The report specifically mentioned the combinatorial explosion problem as a reason for AI's failings.) DARPA was deeply disappointed with researchers working on the Speech Understanding Research program at CMU and canceled an annual grant of three million dollars. By 1974, funding for AI projects was hard to find. Hans Moravec blamed the crisis on the unrealistic predictions of his colleagues. ""Many researchers were caught up in a web of increasing exaggeration."" However, there was another issue: since the passage of the Mansfield Amendment in 1969, DARPA had been under increasing pressure to fund ""mission-oriented direct research, rather than basic undirected research"". Funding for the creative, freewheeling exploration that had gone on in the 60s would not come from DARPA. Instead, the money was directed at specific projects with clear objectives, such as autonomous tanks and battle management systems. Critiques from across campus See also: Philosophy of artificial intelligence Several philosophers had strong objections to the claims being made by AI researchers. One of the earliest was John Lucas, who argued that Gödel's incompleteness theorem showed that a formal system (such as a computer program) could never see the truth of certain statements, while a human being could. Hubert Dreyfus ridiculed the broken promises of the 1960s and critiqued the assumptions of AI, arguing that human reasoning actually involved very little ""symbol processing"" and a great deal of embodied, instinctive, unconscious ""know how"". John Searle's Chinese Room argument, presented in 1980, attempted to show that a program could not be said to ""understand"" the symbols that it uses (a quality called ""intentionality""). If the symbols have no meaning for the machine, Searle argued, then the machine can not be described as ""thinking"". These critiques were not taken seriously by AI researchers, often because they seemed so far off the point. Problems like intractability and commonsense knowledge seemed much more immediate and serious. It was unclear what difference ""know how"" or ""intentionality"" made to an actual computer program. Minsky said of Dreyfus and Searle ""they misunderstand, and should be ignored."" Dreyfus, who taught at MIT, was given a cold shoulder: he later said that AI researchers ""dared not be seen having lunch with me."" Joseph Weizenbaum, the author of ELIZA, felt his colleagues' treatment of Dreyfus was unprofessional and childish. Although he was an outspoken critic of Dreyfus' positions, he ""deliberately made it plain that theirs was not the way to treat a human being."" Weizenbaum began to have serious ethical doubts about AI when Kenneth Colby wrote a ""computer program which can conduct psychotherapeutic dialogue"" based on ELIZA. Weizenbaum was disturbed that Colby saw a mindless program as a serious therapeutic tool. A feud began, and the situation was not helped when Colby did not credit Weizenbaum for his contribution to the program. In 1976, Weizenbaum published Computer Power and Human Reason which argued that the misuse of artificial intelligence has the potential to devalue human life. Perceptrons and the attack on connectionism A perceptron was a form of neural network introduced in 1958 by Frank Rosenblatt, who had been a schoolmate of Marvin Minsky at the Bronx High School of Science. Like most AI researchers, he was optimistic about their power, predicting that ""perceptron may eventually be able to learn, make decisions, and translate languages."" An active research program into the paradigm was carried out throughout the 1960s but came to a sudden halt with the publication of Minsky and Papert's 1969 book Perceptrons. It suggested that there were severe limitations to what perceptrons could do and that Frank Rosenblatt's predictions had been grossly exaggerated. The effect of the book was devastating: virtually no research at all was done in connectionism for 10 years. Eventually, a new generation of researchers would revive the field and thereafter it would become a vital and useful part of artificial intelligence. Rosenblatt would not live to see this, as he died in a boating accident shortly after the book was published. Logic and symbolic reasoning: the ""neats"" Logic was introduced into AI research as early as 1959, by John McCarthy in his Advice Taker proposal. In 1963, J. Alan Robinson had discovered a simple method to implement deduction on computers, the resolution and unification algorithm. However, straightforward implementations, like those attempted by McCarthy and his students in the late 1960s, were especially intractable: the programs required astronomical numbers of steps to prove simple theorems. A more fruitful approach to logic was developed in the 1970s by Robert Kowalski at the University of Edinburgh, and soon this led to the collaboration with French researchers Alain Colmerauer and Philippe Roussel who created the successful logic programming language Prolog. Prolog uses a subset of logic (Horn clauses, closely related to ""rules"" and ""production rules"") that permit tractable computation. Rules would continue to be influential, providing a foundation for Edward Feigenbaum's expert systems and the continuing work by Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon that would lead to Soar and their unified theories of cognition. Critics of the logical approach noted, as Dreyfus had, that human beings rarely used logic when they solved problems. Experiments by psychologists like Peter Wason, Eleanor Rosch, Amos Tversky, Daniel Kahneman and others provided proof. McCarthy responded that what people do is irrelevant. He argued that what is really needed are machines that can solve problems—not machines that think as people do. Frames and scripts: the ""scuffles"" Among the critics of McCarthy's approach were his colleagues across the country at MIT. Marvin Minsky, Seymour Papert and Roger Schank were trying to solve problems like ""story understanding"" and ""object recognition"" that required a machine to think like a person. In order to use ordinary concepts like ""chair"" or ""restaurant"" they had to make all the same illogical assumptions that people normally made. Unfortunately, imprecise concepts like these are hard to represent in logic. Gerald Sussman observed that ""using precise language to describe essentially imprecise concepts doesn't make them any more precise."" Schank described their ""anti-logic"" approaches as ""scruffy"", as opposed to the ""neat"" paradigms used by McCarthy, Kowalski, Feigenbaum, Newell and Simon. In 1975, in a seminal paper, Minsky noted that many of his fellow ""scruffy"" researchers were using the same kind of tool: a framework that captures all our common sense assumptions about something. For example, if we use the concept of a bird, there is a constellation of facts that immediately come to mind: we might assume that it flies, eats worms and so on. We know these facts are not always true and that deductions using these facts will not be ""logical"", but these structured sets of assumptions are part of the context of everything we say and think. He called these structures ""frames"". Schank used a version of frames he called ""scripts"" to successfully answer questions about short stories in English.","Unrealistic expectations, a lack of funding, the challenge of producing significant results, and the discovery of a number of fundamental limitations that AI scientists could not overcome in the 1970s all contributed to the decline of AI research in that decade",closed_qa Is there a movie about Wikipedia,"Truth in Numbers? Everything, According to Wikipedia is a 2010 American documentary film that explores the history and cultural implications of the online, editable encyclopedia Wikipedia. The film considers the question of whether all individuals or just experts should be tasked with editing an encyclopedia. The site's history and background is given, along with commentary from Wikipedia founders Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger. Commentators that appear in the film include author Howard Zinn, Len Downie of The Washington Post, Bob Schieffer of CBS News, former Encyclopædia Britannica chief Robert McHenry and former Central Intelligence Agency director James Woolsey. The documentary discusses incidents that shed a negative light on Wikipedia, including the Essjay controversy and the Wikipedia biography controversy. The long-delayed film premiered at Wikimania 2010 in Gdańsk in July 2010, and was screened at the Paley Center for Media in New York City on October 20, 2010. It was shown as part of the Savannah Film Festival on November 3, 2010, at Savannah College of Art and Design's Trustees Theater. Truth in Numbers? received a mixed reception, with favorable commentary from author Ted Leonsis, in the AOL publication Urlesque, and coverage at the Savannah Film Festival by Carlos Serrano of District.","Yes. Truth in Numbers? Everything, According to Wikipedia is a 2010 American documentary film that explores the history and cultural implications of the online, editable encyclopedia Wikipedia. The film considers the question of whether all individuals or just experts should be tasked with editing an encyclopedia.",summarization Give me a brief synopsis of Larry David’s contribution to Seinfeld based on the text.,"In 1989, David teamed up with comedian Jerry Seinfeld to create a pilot for NBC called The Seinfeld Chronicles, which became the basis for Seinfeld, one of the most successful shows in history, reaching the top of TV Guide's list of the 50 greatest TV shows of all time. Entertainment Weekly ranked it the third-best TV show of all time. David made occasional uncredited appearances on the show, playing such roles as Frank Costanza's cape-wearing lawyer and the voice of George Steinbrenner. He was also the primary inspiration for the show's character George Costanza. David left Seinfeld on friendly terms after the seventh season but returned to write the series finale in 1998, two years later. He also continued to provide the voice for the Steinbrenner character. David wrote 62 of the episodes of Seinfeld, including 1992's ""The Contest"", for which he won a Primetime Emmy Award and which TV Guide ranked as episode No. 1 on its list of ""TV's Top 100 Episodes of All Time"". The syndication of Seinfeld earned David an estimated $250 million in 1998 alone. This amount has been steadily decreasing each year, but payments will continue until the full $1.7 billion from the original syndication deal has been paid. In 2008, David made $55 million from Seinfeld syndication, DVD sales, and Curb Your Enthusiasm. He was nominated for an Emmy award 19 times for Seinfeld, winning twice — once for best comedy and once for writing.","Larry David was a co-writer for seven seasons on the hit TV show Seinfeld. In addition to writing 62 episodes, he played several characters on the show, including Frank Costanza’s lawyer and the voice of George Steinbrenner. The character of George Costanza was also based on Larry David. His work on the show earned him 19 Emmy award nominations and two wins, numerous accolades, and considerable syndication income.",summarization What countries make up the Benelux region?,,"The Benelux region is compromised of the following countries: Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg.",open_qa Give a list of reasons I should get a dog.,,1) Dogs are great companions. 2) It will teach my kids responsibility. 3) Dogs can serve as an alarm clock to wake my kids for school. 4) Dogs can replace a mop and broom in the kitchen for dropped food. 5) Dogs are cuddly. 6) Dogs provide constant love and affection. 7) Dogs are protective and can guard our house. 8) Dogs are built in playmates for my kids.,brainstorming What does the Obilic Medal commemorate?,"""The Obilić Medal (Serbian: Обилића медаља) or Medal for Bravery """"Miloš Obilić"""" was a medal established by Petar II Petrović-Njegoš as the highest military decoration in Montenegro, based on the cult of national hero Miloš Obilić. The official name of the medal was the Medal for Bravery """"Miloš Obilić"""" but it was known as Obilić Medal. It was established in 1847 and granted to soldiers for the acts of great personal courage, or for personal courage demonstrated on the battlefield, prepared for the movement for liberation and revenge of the Kosovo Battle. Another reason for introduction of this medal by Njegoš was his wish to make warfare against the Ottomans more civilized (to replace customary collection and exhibition of body parts of killed Muslim enemies).""","The Obilić Medal was established in 1847, and is the highest military decoration granted to soldiers in Montenegro for acts of great personal courage, or for personal courage demonstrated on the battlefield.",closed_qa What is fishing tackle?,"Fishing tackles are the equipment used by fishers when fishing. Almost any equipment or gear used for fishing can be called a fishing tackle, although the term is most commonly associated with gear used in angling. Some examples are hooks, lines, sinkers, floats, rods, reels, baits, lures, spears, nets, gaffs, traps, waders, and tackle boxes. Fishing techniques refer to the ways the tackles are used when fishing. Tackles that are attached to the end of a fishing line are collectively called terminal tackles. These include hooks, sinkers, floats, leader lines, swivels, split rings, and any wires, snaps, beads, spoons, blades, spinners and clevises used to attach spinner blades to fishing lures. People also tend to use dead or live bait fish as another form of bait.","Fishing tackle is gear used to catch fish and includes hooks, lines, sinkers, floats, rods, reels, baits, lures, spears, nets, gaffs, traps, waders, and tackle boxes.",information_extraction Is cacao good for you?,,"Cacao is very good for the body. It is a good source of antioxidants, and other minerals. It has manganese, iron, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, zinc, and selenium. These are also elements the body needs. There is 5 grams of protein in one ounce of cacao, and some of the amino acids in the cacao protein help with regulating mood and sleep. Cacao may also help with cognitive function, cardiovascular and gut health.",open_qa Where is Muckle Water?,"Muckle Water is a long, narrow fresh water loch on Ward Hill on Rousay, Orkney, Scotland. It is the biggest loch on the island and is popular for fishing. It can be reached by a track from the roadside. The Suso Burn on the north eastern shore drains the loch into the Sound of Rousay.","Muckle water is located in Rousay, Orkney, Scotland.",closed_qa Extract from the text the family of Parametrodes.,Parametrodes is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.,Geometridae,information_extraction When do schools close for summer vacation in Cameroon and Nigeria?,"Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary. Many families will take holidays for a week or two over summer, particularly in Southern Hemisphere Western countries with statutory Christmas and New Year holidays. In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August. In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August. Similarly, in Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August. In the Southern Hemisphere, school summer holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year. In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June. In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October.","In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October.",information_extraction What should we conserve electricity?,,"When you conserve electricity you are actually helping the environment. You are helping the environment when you consider the way electricity is produced. Electricity is produced by steam generation, solar panels, dam power generators, windmills, gas turbines, and nuclear. Most of these methods use fossil fuels or other fuels that release greenhouse gas emissions during the electricity production process.",open_qa Why were the majority of African countries controlled by military dictatorships during the 1970's and 1980's?,"Faced with increasingly frequent and severe violence, military rule was widely accepted by the population of many countries as means to maintain order, and during the 1970s and 1980s a majority of African countries were controlled by military dictatorships. Territorial disputes between nations and rebellions by groups seeking independence were also common in independent African states. The most devastating of these was the Nigerian Civil War, fought between government forces and an Igbo separatist republic, which resulted in a famine that killed 1–2 million people. Two civil wars in Sudan, the first lasting from 1955 to 1972 and the second from 1983 to 2005, collectively killed around 3 million. Both were fought primarily on ethnic and religious lines.",Military dictatorships were accepted as a means to maintain order in face of increasingly frequent and severe violence.,closed_qa Who founded Amazon?,,Jeff Bezos,open_qa How to go on a road trip with kids?,,"It's great to get kids involved in the planning of the trip. The more they are bought into what you're doing the better their attitudes will be. This also helps so that the trip is really for everyone and they get a chance to do some of the things they want. Driving days can be difficult if you have big stretches of distance to cover. You can use various forms of entertainment, and make sure to mix it up. It's easy to watch shows with modern devices, but integrating things like riddles or brain puzzles can really help. Another great thing that can take up a lot of time is audio books, or reading a book out loud. Again, get everyone involved in the planning of car activities so you get a variety and everyone can contribute. Finally, take your time and don't rush things. If you get in a rush it's hard to have time and enjoy the trip.",open_qa What is the most powerful Porsche flat six engine?,"The Porsche flat-six engine series is a line of mechanically similar, naturally aspirated and turbocharged, flat-six boxer engines, produced by Porsche for almost 60 consecutive years, since 1963. The engine is an evolution of the flat-four boxer used in the original Volkswagen Beetle. 1967 Porsche 911R 0:22 2006 Porsche Cayman S 0:34 Problems playing these files? See media help. The flat-six engine is most often associated with their 911 model, Porsche's flagship rear-engined sports car which has used flat-six engines exclusively since 1963. The engines were air-cooled until 1999, when Porsche started using water-cooled engines. In April 2011, Porsche announced the third generation of the 997 GT3 RS with an enlarged 4.0-litre engine having a power output of 500 PS (368 kW; 493 hp). The naturally-aspirated 4.0-litre flat-six engine (the largest engine offered in a street-legal 911) was introduced with their 911 (997) GT3 RS 4.0, in 2011. The engine itself uses the crankshaft from the RSR with increased stroke dimensions (from 76.4 mm to 80.4 mm). This change increased the power output to 500 PS (368 kW; 493 hp) at 8,250 rpm and 460 N⋅m (339 lbf⋅ft) of torque at 5,750 rpm. giving it a power-to-weight ratio of 365 hp per ton. Only 600 cars were built. At 493 hp (368 kW), the engine is one of the most powerful six-cylinder naturally aspirated engines in any production car with a 123.25 hp (92 kW) per litre output. Other Porsche models that use flat-six engines are the 1970–1972 Porsche 914/6 (mid-engine), the 1986–1993 Porsche 959 (rear-engine), and the 1996–2021 Porsche Boxster/Cayman (mid-engine). The Porsche 962 sports prototype also used a twin-turbocharged flat-six engine. These engines have also been used by German tuning company RUF in various replica Porsche sports cars.",The most powerful flat six engine made by Porsche is the 997 GT3 RS 4.0. It had nearly 493hp on just 4.0L of displacement. This is a very rare car that hardly ever come up for sale. It is one of the most powerful six-cylinder naturally aspirated engines ever made.,summarization What are the best rock bands that were part of the British invasion?,,"While tastes may differ, the top answers are generally the Rolling Stones, The Beatles and The Who. There are others on many lists, for example The Kinks.",brainstorming Tell me five ways to build relationships with my neighbors.,,"There are several ways to build relationships and connections with your neighbors. Before proactively taking action to grow the relationship it is essential you first ensure you uphold exceptional neighborly behavior. For example, ensuring loud noises like vacuuming is done during day time and making an effort to upkeep your outdoor space to uplift the shared spaces of your homes. A thoughtful and polite neighbor is more likely to befriend those living around them. There are some ways to build relationships. First, ensure you greet your neighbor with a friendly gesture, such as a wave or a brief verbal greeting, every time you see them. Second, keep a watchful eye for the opportunity to do something friendly for your neighbor. For example, offer to help them if you see them attempting to carry a heavy item. Third, identify a proactive, planned gesture such as offering them a baked sweet around a holiday. Fourth, seek the opportunity to ask them about something they care about. For example, inquire how their work is going or a recent family event they may have mentioned. Fifth, invite them to your home for a meal. There are many ways to build a neighborly relationship and through a combination of these five suggestions, it is likely you will be off to a great start!",brainstorming From the following passage extract information on how dates were used in the Fertile Crescent.,"Traditional dried fruit such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots and apples have been a staple of Mediterranean diets for millennia. This is due partly to their early cultivation in the Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt. Drying or dehydration also happened to be the earliest form of food preservation: grapes, dates, and figs that fell from the tree or vine would dry in the hot sun. Early hunter-gatherers observed that these fallen fruit took on an edible form, and valued them for their stability as well as their concentrated sweetness. The earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC, which contain what are probably the oldest known written recipes. These clay slabs, written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia, were inscribed in cuneiform and tell of diets based on grains (barley, millet, wheat), vegetables and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, pomegranates, and grapes. These early civilizations used dates, date juice evaporated into syrup and raisins as sweeteners. They included dried fruits in their breads for which they had more than 300 recipes, from simple barley bread for the workers to very elaborate, spiced cakes with honey for the palaces and temples. The date palm was one of the first cultivated trees. It was domesticated in Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago. It grew abundantly in the Fertile Crescent and it was so productive (an average date palm produces 50 kg (100 lbs) of fruit a year for 60 years or more) that dates were the cheapest of staple foods. Because they were so valuable, they were well recorded in Assyrian and Babylonian monuments and temples. The villagers in Mesopotamia dried them and ate them as sweets. Whether fresh, soft-dried or hard-dried, they helped to give character to meat dishes and grain pies. They were valued by travelers for their energy and were recommended as stimulants against fatigue. Figs were also prized in early Mesopotamia, Palestine, Israel, and Egypt where their daily use was probably greater than or equal to that of dates. As well as appearing in wall paintings, many specimens have been found in Egyptian tombs as funerary offerings. In Greece and Crete, figs grew very readily and they were the staple of poor and rich alike, particularly in their dried form. Grape cultivation first began in Armenia and the eastern regions of the Mediterranean in the 4th century BC. Raisins were produced by drying grapes in the hot desert sun. Very quickly, viticulture and raisin production spread across northern Africa including Morocco and Tunisia. The Phoenicians and the Egyptians popularized the production of raisins, probably due to the perfect arid environment for sun drying. They put them in jars for storage and allotted them to the different temples by the thousands. They also added them to breads and various pastries, some made with honey, some with milk and eggs. From the Middle East, these fruits spread through Greece to Italy where they became a major part of the diet. Ancient Romans consumed raisins in spectacular quantities and at all levels of society, including them as a key part of their common meals, along with olives and fresh fruits. Raisined breads were common for breakfast and were consumed with their grains, beans, and cultured milks. Raisins were so valued that they transcended the food realm and became rewards for successful athletes, as well as premium barter currency. Having dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: ""She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year."" Figs were also extremely popular in Rome. Dried figs were added to bread and formed a major part of the winter food of country people. They were rubbed with spices such as cumin, anise and fennel seeds, or toasted sesame, wrapped in fig leaves and stored in jars. Today, major producing regions include Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza and many other Arabic countries. Dried figs are rich in vitamins, phosphorus and various other important minerals. Plums, apricots and peaches had their origins in Asia. They were domesticated in China in the 3rd millennium BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were also very popular, fresh and dried alike. They arrived in Greece and Italy much later and were very expensive but valued in the preparation of gourmet dishes with port or stewed with honey and spices.","The date palm was one of the first cultivated trees. It was domesticated in Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago. It grew abundantly in the Fertile Crescent and it was so productive (an average date palm produces 50 kg (100 lbs) of fruit a year for 60 years or more) that dates were the cheapest of staple foods. Because they were so valuable, they were well recorded in Assyrian and Babylonian monuments and temples. The villagers in Mesopotamia dried them and ate them as sweets. Whether fresh, soft-dried or hard-dried, they helped to give character to meat dishes and grain pies. They were valued by travelers for their energy and were recommended as stimulants against fatigue.",information_extraction Which is the last dynasty in China?,,The Qing Dynasty,open_qa Give me a list of the major food allergens I should be aware of when cooking.,,"You should be aware of milk, eggs, shellfish, fish, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat and soy.",brainstorming Who wrote the Great Gatsby?,,The Great Gatsby was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald,open_qa "Based on this paragraph, what are the main applications of DNA Sequencing?","DNA sequencing may be used to determine the sequence of individual genes, larger genetic regions (i.e. clusters of genes or operons), full chromosomes, or entire genomes of any organism. DNA sequencing is also the most efficient way to indirectly sequence RNA or proteins (via their open reading frames). In fact, DNA sequencing has become a key technology in many areas of biology and other sciences such as medicine, forensics, and anthropology.","DNA sequencing, can be used in many areas of healthcare and life sciences. For example, it can be used to identify the entire genome of an organism, or be used in areas such as medicine, forensics and anthropology.",summarization Share some key points about gem Ruby from the given text,"A ruby is a pinkish red to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Ruby is one of the most popular traditional jewelry gems and is very durable. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, alongside amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. The word ruby comes from ruber, Latin for red. The color of a ruby is due to the element chromium.","1. A ruby is a type of the mineral corundum that ranges in colour from pinkish red to blood-red. (aluminium oxide). 2. One of the most well-liked traditional jewellery jewels is ruby, which is also quite strong. 3. Other varieties of gem-quality stones are called as sapphires. 4. Ruby, along with amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond, is one of the classic cardinal stones. 5. Ruby derives from the Latin word ruber, which means red. 6. The element chromium is responsible for a ruby's colour.",summarization Where is the Willis Tower located?,,"The Willis Tower, formerly known as the Sears Tower, is located in the city of Chicago.",open_qa What is Star Alliance,,"Star Alliance is the world's largest global airline alliance. Founded on 14 May, 1997, its headquarters are located in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and Jeffrey Goh is its CEO. As of April 2018, Star Alliance is the largest of the three global alliances by passenger count with 762.27 million, ahead of both SkyTeam (630 million) and Oneworld (528 million). Its slogan is ""The Way the Earth Connects"". Star Alliance's 26 member airlines operate a fleet of ~5,033 aircraft, serving more than 1,290 airports in 195 countries on more than 19,000 daily departures. The alliance has a two-tier rewards program, Silver and Gold, with incentives including priority boarding and upgrades. Like other airline alliances, Star Alliance airlines share airport terminals (known as co-locations), and many member planes are painted in the alliance's livery.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about Gheorge Hagi, tell me which were his top achievements in the Romanian football team.","At international level, Hagi played for the Romania national team in three FIFA World Cups, in 1990, 1994 (where he was named in the World Cup All-Star Team after helping his nation to the quarter-finals of the tournament) and 1998; as well as in three UEFA European Championships, in 1984, 1996 and 2000. He won a total of 124 caps for Romania between 1983 and 2000, making him the second-most capped Romanian player of all time, behind only Dorinel Munteanu; he is also the joint all-time leading goalscorer of the Romania national side (alongside Adrian Mutu) with 35 goals.",Gheorghe Hagi is arguably the best Romanian football player holding the record for most goals scored with the national team. He participated in 3 World Cups and 3 European Championships and he was awarded a spot in the World Cup All-Start Team in 1994.,closed_qa "which of these is a musical movie: Despicable Me 1, John Wick 4, Avengers or Singin' in the Rain?",,Singin' in the Rain,classification What city is WFSD Radio licensed to?,"WFSD-LP (107.9 FM) is a low-power FM radio station broadcasting a Christian inspirational format. Licensed to Tallahassee, Florida, United States, the station is currently owned by Tallahassee First Seventh-day Adventist Church, affiliated with LifeTalk Radio.","WFSD Radio is licensed to Tallahassee, Florida, United States",closed_qa What started World War 1?,,Many historians consider the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria the start of World War 1. Soon after the assassination Austria declared war on Serbia. Within four weeks their allies declared war on one another.,open_qa Who won the FIFA World Cup 2014?,,"Germany won the world cup in 2014. In the final, Germany defeated Argentina 1-0 with a goal scored by Mario Götze. The German team, led by coach Joachim Löw, celebrated their fourth title win. This win made it the nation with the second-highest score, only exceeded by Brazil, which won the world cup five times.",open_qa Which are the 2 prominent parties in Indian politics,,"Congress and BJP are the 2 prominent political parties in Indian Politics. In the recent time, these parties have made alliances and have formed groups called UPA and NDA led by Congress and BJP respectively",open_qa What do redshifts tell astronomers?,,"Edwin Hubble discovered in the 1920s that the spectral lines of light reaching us from the universe's most distant galaxies were redshifting to areas of the electromagnetic spectrum with lower energy intensity. This allows us to confirm that the various objects in the universe are moving away from us and from one another. The faster a galaxy moves away from the observer, the further it is from the observer. This phenomenon is interpreted as proof of the universe's expansion and the Big Bang.",open_qa What is L-AP4,,"L-AP4 (L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid) is a drug used in scientific research, which acts as a group-selective agonist for the group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR4/6/7/8). It was the first ligand found to act as an agonist selective for this group of mGlu receptors, but does not show selectivity between the different mGluR Group III subtypes. It is widely used in the study of this receptor family and their various functions.",open_qa Where is Peloton Interactive based?,"Peloton Interactive, Inc. is an American exercise equipment and media company based in New York City. The company's products are stationary bicycles, treadmills, and indoor rowers equipped with Internet-connected touch screens that stream live and on-demand fitness classes through a subscription service. The equipment includes built-in sensors that track metrics such as power output, providing users with real-time feedback on their performance and leaderboard rankings to compete with other users.","Peloton Interactive is based in New York City, NY, US. They are an American exercise and media company. Their products include stationary spin bicycles, treadmills, and rowers. Their products feature internet-connected touch screens to stream live and on-demand fitness classes. Sensors in the equipment track metrics such as power, cadence, and resistance to provide real-time feedback to the user. Users must subscribe to Peloton Interactive services to use classes on the equipment.",summarization How do formula one cars generate downforce?,"Formula One cars are the fastest regulated road-course racing cars in the world, owing to very high cornering speeds achieved through the generation of large amounts of aerodynamic downforce. Much of this downforce is generated by front and rear wings, which have the side effect of causing severe turbulence behind each car. The turbulence reduces the downforce generated by the cars following directly behind, making it hard to overtake. Major changes made to the cars for the 2022 season has seen greater use of ground effect aerodynamics and modified wings to reduce the turbulence behind the cars, with the goal of making overtaking easier. The cars are dependent on electronics, aerodynamics, suspension and tyres. Traction control, launch control, and automatic shifting, plus other electronic driving aids, were first banned in 1994. They were briefly reintroduced in 2001, and have more recently been banned since 2004 and 2008, respectively.",Formula one cars generate downforce mainly using front and rear wings.,closed_qa Which programming languages did Netscape try to add to their browser in order to make it more dynamic?,"The first popular web browser with a graphical user interface, Mosaic, was released in 1993. Accessible to non-technical people, it played a prominent role in the rapid growth of the nascent World Wide Web. The lead developers of Mosaic then founded the Netscape corporation, which released a more polished browser, Netscape Navigator, in 1994. This quickly became the most-used. During these formative years of the Web, web pages could only be static, lacking the capability for dynamic behavior after the page was loaded in the browser. There was a desire in the flourishing web development scene to remove this limitation, so in 1995, Netscape decided to add a scripting language to Navigator. They pursued two routes to achieve this: collaborating with Sun Microsystems to embed the Java programming language, while also hiring Brendan Eich to embed the Scheme language.","The programming languages Netscape tried to add to their browser to make it more dynamic were Java and Scheme. In 1995, Netscape pursued two routes to add dynamic behavior to their browser, Netscape Navigator: 1. Collaborating with Sun Microsystems to embed the Java programming language 2. Hiring Brendan Eich to embed the Scheme language",closed_qa "Given this reference text about the history of statistics, what was the earliest publican of writing on statistics?","Formal discussions on inference date back to Arab mathematicians and cryptographers, during the Islamic Golden Age between the 8th and 13th centuries. Al-Khalil (717–786) wrote the Book of Cryptographic Messages, which contains one of the first uses of permutations and combinations, to list all possible Arabic words with and without vowels. Al-Kindi's Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages gave a detailed description of how to use frequency analysis to decipher encrypted messages, providing an early example of statistical inference for decoding. Ibn Adlan (1187–1268) later made an important contribution on the use of sample size in frequency analysis. The earliest writing containing statistics in Europe dates back to 1663, with the publication of Natural and Political Observations upon the Bills of Mortality by John Graunt. Early applications of statistical thinking revolved around the needs of states to base policy on demographic and economic data, hence its stat- etymology. The scope of the discipline of statistics broadened in the early 19th century to include the collection and analysis of data in general. Today, statistics is widely employed in government, business, and natural and social sciences.",The earliest publication containing statistics is Natural and Political Observations upon the Bills or Mortality by John Graunt.,closed_qa What's Rockhopper Exploration PLC business?,"Rockhopper Exploration PLC is an oil and gas exploration company headquartered in Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom. It owns offshore exploration and production licences in the North Falkland Basin in the waters north of the Falkland Islands. Rockhopper is listed on the Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange.","Rockhopper Exploration PLC is in the oil and gas business, headquartered in Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom.",closed_qa What is an excavator?,,An excavator is a heavy equipment machine that is used for moving large amount of earth at one time. They have a boom and a huge bucket attached to them and are essentially a huge shovel used to prepare the ground for huge construction projects. John Deere is one company that produces excavators.,open_qa What is it like living in Salt Lake City?,,"Salt Lake City is located next to the beautiful Wasatch mountain range in northern Utah. Residents enjoy popular outdoor activities all year round with access to ski resorts, national parks, bike trails, mountains, and local lakes. Salt Lake City has been nicknamed the Silicon Slopes for the influx of start-ups and tech companies based out of the region.",creative_writing Why is recycling important,,The planet has a finite amount of resources and it is important to use these wisely to ensure availability for future generations. Recycling also reduces the amount of waste which will otherwise end up in landfills or be burnt for energy recovery.,creative_writing Why do dogs make great pets?,,"Dogs make great pets because they make us feel less alone. Dogs can be there for you when people can't and offer unconditional love, support and of course cuddles. They can also help people stay active because they do require walks.",open_qa What is summer break?,"Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary. Many families will take holidays for a week or two over summer, particularly in Southern Hemisphere Western countries with statutory Christmas and New Year holidays. In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August. In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August. Similarly, in Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August. In the Southern Hemisphere, school summer holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year. In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June. In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October.","Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary.",information_extraction What is the Foresight discipline?,,"Foresight is also known as strategic foresight and futures studies. It is an emerging multi-disciplinary practice that analyzes change and its implications in the context of the future. It enables societies, organizations, and individuals to effectively explore the breadth of potential future scenarios in order to better adapt in the present. Its purpose is to inform clear thinking, appropriate action, and effective decision making based on the identified trends that will have significant impact on their domain. Some of the numerous methodologies for decision support that are incorporated in strategic foresight include scenario planning, systems analysis, back-casting, design thinking, trends analysis, horizon scanning, and systems thinking.",open_qa Tell me some different ways that you can listen to music,,"There are many ways to listen to live music or recorded music. Live music you can experience at concerts and music festivals. Recorded music can be accessed via streaming services such as Spotify, YouTube and Apple Music. Music can also be purchased on compact disc, vinyl, cassette or digital download. This recorded music can then be listened to at home or on the go via speakers and headphones that connect to playback devices such as computers, phones, compact-disc players or record players.",brainstorming What does it mean for something to be compostable?,,"An item that is compostable will ""decompose"" over a short duration of time, back into natural materials such as compost. This is in contrast to materials like plastic or aluminum that require thousands or even millions of years to degrade and transform into something found naturally. The benefit of compostable materials is that they do not generate any trash to take up space in landfills, and use more naturally-derived inputs in production processes (in contrast to fossil fuels).",open_qa Is toastmasters a good organization to join?,,"Toastmasters is an organization that has been around for nearly 100 years. It is an organization that helps its members to become competent communicators and competent leaders. They achieve this by delivering prepared speeches that are evaluated during Toastmasters meetings. You get evaluated on filler words used, grammatical construction of your speech, speech tonality, and a general evaluation of your speech. This works so well because you get practical insight into where you can improve in your communication skills in delivering prepared speeches. You can also fill different roles like treasurer, and president roles to help you build leadership skills.",open_qa What is the color of silicon.,"Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic luster, and is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor. It is a member of group 14 in the periodic table: carbon is above it; and germanium, tin, lead, and flerovium are below it. It is relatively unreactive.",blue-grey,information_extraction Tell me about the merger history of the Swiss bank UBS,"Swiss Bank Corporation was a Swiss investment bank and financial services company located in Switzerland. Prior to its merger, the bank was the third largest in Switzerland with over CHF 300 billion of assets and CHF 11.7 billion of equity. Throughout the 1990s, SBC engaged in a large growth initiative, shifting its focus from traditional commercial banking into investment banking, in an effort to match its larger Swiss rival Credit Suisse. As part of this strategy, SBC acquired US-based investment bank Dillon Read & Co. as well as London-based merchant bank S.G. Warburg in the mid-1990s. SBC also acquired Chicago-based Brinson Partners and O'Connor & Associates. These acquisitions formed the basis for a global investment banking business. In 1998, SBC merged with Union Bank of Switzerland to form UBS, the largest bank in Europe and the second largest bank in the world. The company's logo, which featured three keys, symbolizing ""confidence, security, and discretion"", was adopted by UBS after the 1998 merger. Although the combination of the two banks was billed as a merger of equals, it quickly became evident that from a management perspective, it was SBC that was buying UBS as nearly 80% of the top management positions were filled by legacy Swiss Bank professionals. Today, what was SBC forms the core of many of UBS's businesses, particularly UBS Investment Bank.","The Swiss Bank Corporation was a Swiss investment bank and financial services company located in Switzerland. Prior to its merger, the bank was the third largest in Switzerland with over CHF 300 billion of assets and CHF 11.7 billion of equity. Throughout the 1990s, SBC engaged in a large growth initiative, shifting its focus from traditional commercial banking into investment banking, in an effort to match its larger Swiss rival Credit Suisse. As part of this strategy, SBC acquired US-based investment bank Dillon Read & Co. as well as London-based merchant bank S.G. Warburg in the mid-1990s. SBC also acquired Chicago-based Brinson Partners and O'Connor & Associates. These acquisitions formed the basis for a global investment banking business. In 1998, SBC merged with Union Bank of Switzerland to form UBS, the largest bank in Europe and the second largest bank in the world. The company's logo, which featured three keys, symbolizing ""confidence, security, and discretion"", was adopted by UBS after the 1998 merger. Although the combination of the two banks was billed as a merger of equals, it quickly became evident that from a management perspective, it was SBC that was buying UBS as nearly 80% of the top management positions were filled by legacy Swiss Bank professionals. Today, what was SBC forms the core of many of UBS's businesses, particularly UBS Investment Bank.",summarization "From the given text, Please list some points about The International School of Beijing","The International School of Beijing (ISB, Chinese: 北京顺义国际学校) is a non-profit international coeducational day school in Beijing, China. The school was founded in 1980 and offers a dual English and Chinese language program for students from EY to Grade 12. ISB is recognized by the Beijing Education Commission (BEC) as an independent school for expatriate children.","1. Located in Beijing, China, The International School of Beijing is a non-profit, coeducational international day school. 2. The school was established in 1980 and provides students in grades EY through 12 with a bilingual English and Chinese language programme. 3. ISB is acknowledged as an independent school for children of expatriates by the Beijing Education Commission (BEC).",summarization Where was Old French language spoken?,"Old French (franceis, françois, romanz; Modern French: ancien français) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France from approximately the 8th to the 14th centuries. Rather than a unified language, Old French was a linkage of Romance dialects, mutually intelligible yet diverse, spoken in the northern half of France. These dialects came to be collectively known as the langue d'oïl, contrasting with the langue d'oc in the south of France. The mid-14th century witnessed the emergence of Middle French, the language of the French Renaissance in the Île de France region; this dialect was a predecessor to Modern French. Other dialects of Old French evolved themselves into modern forms (Poitevin-Saintongeais, Gallo, Norman, Picard, Walloon, etc.), each with its own linguistic features and history.",Northern half of France in the 8th to 14th centuries.,closed_qa Where is the town of Guasipati,,"Guasipati is a town that serves as the administrative seat of Roscio Municipality in the state of Bolívar, Venezuela. It was founded on 27 September 1757. Its economy depends highly on the gold of its land and that of El Callao.The city is located in the vicinity of the Denguesito ríachuelos to the northwest and the Cunurí to the west, both tributaries of the Miamo river. According to data from the National Institute of Statistics (census 2011) the population of Guasipati is 21,165 inhabitants.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about the United States Marine Corps, tell me when it was created in which city?","The history of the Marine Corps began when two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting both at sea and on shore. In the Pacific theater of World War II the Corps took the lead in a massive campaign of amphibious warfare, advancing from island to island. As of 2022, the USMC has around 177,200 active duty members and some 32,400 personnel in reserve.","The Marine Corps was established on the 10th of November in 1775 in Philadelphia, PA.",closed_qa What was Selective Service Act?,,The Selective Service Act was passed in 1917 (May). It enabled the country to enlist more men to the military,open_qa Extract the total population and total area of California from the reference text,"California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2 million residents across a total area of approximately 163,696 square miles (423,970 km2), it is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area. It is also the most populated subnational entity in North America and the 34th most populous in the world. The Greater Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay areas are the nation's second and fifth most populous urban regions respectively, with the former having more than 18.7 million residents and the latter having over 9.6 million. Sacramento is the state's capital, while Los Angeles is the most populous city in the state and the second most populous city in the country. San Francisco is the second most densely populated major city in the country. Los Angeles County is the country's most populous, while San Bernardino County is the largest county by area in the country. California borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, the Mexican state of Baja California to the south; and it has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean to the west.","California has a population of 39.2 million residents and an area of 163,696 square miles.",information_extraction Where was William José born?,"Born in Porto Calvo, Alagoas, Willian José started his career at local CRB's youth setup, before joining Grêmio Barueri in 2008, aged 17. On 1 August 2009 he made his first team – and Série A – debut, coming on as a late substitute in a 2–1 loss at Botafogo. Willian José scored his first goal as a professional on 17 January of the following year, netting his side's only in a 1–1 draw at Sertãozinho for the Campeonato Paulista championship. He scored six further times during the campaign, which ended in relegation.","William José was born in Porto Calvo, in the State of Alagoas in Brazil. He started his career at the local Gremio Barueri soccer team.",summarization "Given this paragraph about Arlington, Virginia, what are the 3 public high schools in Arlington?","Arlington Public Schools operates the county's public K-12 education system of 22 elementary schools; 6 middle schools (Dorothy Hamm Middle School, Gunston Middle School, Kenmore Middle School, Swanson Middle School, Thomas Jefferson Middle School, and Williamsburg Middle School); and 3 public high schools (Wakefield High School, Washington-Liberty High School, and Yorktown High School). H-B Woodlawn and Arlington Tech are alternative public schools. Arlington County spends about half of its local revenues on education. For the FY2013 budget, 83 percent of funding was from local revenues, and 12 percent from the state. Per pupil expenditures are expected to average $18,700, well above its neighbors, Fairfax County ($13,600) and Montgomery County ($14,900).","The 3 public high schools in Arlington, Va are Wakefield High School, Washington-Liberty High School, and Yorktown High School.",closed_qa What are the key features of a Galleon,"Galleons were large, multi-decked sailing ships first used as armed cargo carriers by European states from the 16th to 18th centuries during the age of sail and were the principal vessels drafted for use as warships until the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the mid-1600s. Galleons generally carried three or more masts with a lateen fore-and-aft rig on the rear masts, were carvel built with a prominent squared off raised stern, and used square-rigged sail plans on their fore-mast and main-masts.","Galleons can be identified by the large size, multiple decks and tall masts with big sails. They typically has big raised sterns as well.",summarization How many people visit the zoo in the US each year?,"A zoo (short for zoological garden; also called an animal park or menagerie) is a facility in which animals are kept within enclosures for public exhibition and often bred for conservation purposes. The term zoological garden refers to zoology, the study of animals. The term is derived from the Greek ζώον, zoon, 'animal', and the suffix -λογία, -logia, 'study of'. The abbreviation zoo was first used of the London Zoological Gardens, which was opened for scientific study in 1828 and to the public in 1847. In the United States alone, zoos are visited by over 181 million people annually.",181 million people in the US visit the zoo annually each year.,closed_qa Where are the British Virgin Islands (BVI) and which islands are a part of the BVI?,"The British Virgin Islands (BVI), officially the Virgin Islands, are a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, to the east of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands and north-west of Anguilla. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles and part of the West Indies. The British Virgin Islands consist of the main islands of Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Anegada and Jost Van Dyke, along with more than 50 other smaller islands and cays. About 16 of the islands are inhabited. The capital, Road Town, is on Tortola, the largest island, which is about 20 km (12 mi) long and 5 km (3 mi) wide. The islands had a population of 28,054 at the 2010 Census, of whom 23,491 lived on Tortola; current estimates put the population at 35,802 (July 2018).","The British Virgin Islands (BVI), officially the Virgin Islands, are a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, to the east of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands and north-west of Anguilla. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles and part of the West Indies. The British Virgin Islands consist of the main islands of Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Anegada and Jost Van Dyke, along with more than 50 other smaller islands and cays.",closed_qa What is a tri-state area?,,This term is used in multiple parts of the United States to refer to regions where three states come together.,open_qa What is the Cassandra database?,,"Cassandra is a free and open-source, distributed, wide-column store, NoSQL database management system designed to handle large amounts of data across many commodity servers, providing high availability with no single point of failure.",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the name of the 37th speaker of the House of Commons of Canada","The speaker of the House of Commons (French: président de la Chambre des communes) is the presiding officer of the lower house of the Parliament of Canada. A member of Parliament (MP), they are elected at the beginning of each new parliament by fellow MPs. The speaker's role in presiding over Canada's House of Commons is similar to that of speakers elsewhere in other countries that use the Westminster system. The 37th and current speaker of the House of Commons is Anthony Rota, since December 5, 2019. The speaker with the longest tenure is Peter Milliken who was elected for four consecutive terms lasting 10 years, 124 days.",The 37th and current speaker of the House of Commons is Anthony Rota,information_extraction What is on the DVD Our Favorite Things,"Our Favorite Things is a compilation DVD by the band Negativland, released on November 27, 2007. The original release date on October 23 was skipped due to a pressing error in the DVDs and the bonus CD, a collection of Negativland covers done by an a cappella doo-wop group. It contains 20 of the band's greatest ""hits"" animated by 20 different artists from all over the United States. The cover parodies the artwork of the film The Sound of Music as well as title of the film's song ""My Favorite Things"". The front features a ""review"" from the character Goofy saying, ""It's goofy"". The people on the cover are dolls.","Our Favorite Things is a compilation DVD by the band Negativland, released on November 27, 2007. The original release date on October 23 was skipped due to a pressing error in the DVDs and the bonus CD, a collection of Negativland covers done by an a cappella doo-wop group. It contains 20 of the band's greatest ""hits"" animated by 20 different artists from all over the United States. The cover parodies the artwork of the film The Sound of Music as well as title of the film's song ""My Favorite Things"". The front features a ""review"" from the character Goofy saying, ""It's goofy"". The people on the cover are dolls.",closed_qa What are things to look out for when buying an old house in New England?,,"The most important piece in buying an old New England home (100+ years old) is to make sure the foundation is in good condition. Field stones (if applicable) and support beams need to be checked to insure safety and stability for the years to come. Next, you'll want to make sure it is insulated and the HVAC system is in good condition. Along that, review what type of electricity the house had wired as some older homes may be using older setups that may be dangerous or hazardous.",creative_writing "Given this paragraph about the first tour de france, who won the first race","The first Tour de France was staged in 1903. The plan was a five-stage race from 31 May to 5 July, starting in Paris and stopping in Lyon, Marseille, Bordeaux, and Nantes before returning to Paris. Toulouse was added later to break the long haul across southern France from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic. Stages would go through the night and finish next afternoon, with rest days before riders set off again. But this proved too daunting and the costs too great for most and only 15 competitors had entered. Desgrange had never been wholly convinced and he came close to dropping the idea. Instead, he cut the length to 19 days, changed the dates to 1 to 19 July, and offered a daily allowance to those who averaged at least 20 kilometres per hour (12 mph) on all the stages, equivalent to what a rider would have expected to earn each day had he worked in a factory. He also cut the entry fee from 20 to 10 francs and set the first prize at 12,000 francs and the prize for each day's winner at 3,000 francs. The winner would thereby win six times what most workers earned in a year. That attracted between 60 and 80 entrants – the higher number may have included serious inquiries and some who dropped out – among them not just professionals but amateurs, some unemployed, and some simply adventurous. Desgrange seems not to have forgotten the Dreyfus Affair that launched his race and raised the passions of his backers. He announced his new race on 1 July 1903 by citing the writer Émile Zola, whose open letter J'Accuse…! led to Dreyfus's acquittal, establishing the florid style he used henceforth. The first Tour de France started almost outside the Café Reveil-Matin at the junction of the Melun and Corbeil roads in the village of Montgeron. It was waved away by the starter, Georges Abran, at 3:16 p.m. on 1 July 1903. L'Auto hadn't featured the race on its front page that morning.[n 3] Among the competitors were the eventual winner, Maurice Garin, his well-built rival Hippolyte Aucouturier, the German favourite Josef Fischer, and a collection of adventurers, including one competing as ""Samson"".[n 4] Many riders dropped out of the race after completing the initial stages, as the physical effort the tour required was just too much. Only a mere 24 entrants remained at the end of the fourth stage. The race finished on the edge of Paris at Ville d'Avray, outside the Restaurant du Père Auto, before a ceremonial ride into Paris and several laps of the Parc des Princes. Garin dominated the race, winning the first and last two stages, at 25.68 kilometres per hour (15.96 mph). The last rider, Millocheau, finished 64h 47m 22s behind him. L'Auto's mission was accomplished, as circulation of the publication doubled throughout the race, making the race something much larger than Desgrange had ever hoped for.","The first race in 1903 was won by Maurice Garin, over his rival Hippolyte Aucouturier",closed_qa "Given a reference text about a red letter day, provide an explanation of what it means.","A red letter day (sometimes hyphenated as red-letter day) is any day of special significance or opportunity. Its roots are in classical antiquity; for instance, important days are indicated in red in a calendar dating from the Roman Republic (509–27 BC). In medieval manuscripts, initial capitals and highlighted words (known as rubrics) were written in red ink. The practice was continued after the invention of the printing press, including in Catholic liturgical books. Many calendars still indicate special dates, festivals and holidays in red instead of black. In the universities of the UK, scarlet days are when doctors may wear their scarlet 'festal' or full dress gowns instead of their undress ('black') gown. In Norway, Sweden, Hong Kong, South Korea, Indonesia and some Latin American countries, a public holiday is sometimes referred to as ""red day"" (rød dag, röd dag, 빨간 날, 紅日, tanggal merah), as it is printed in red in calendars",A red letter day is any day of special significance or opportunity such as holidays and festivals.,closed_qa When was the Hundred Years War and who fought in it?,,"The English and French fought from the mid-14th century well into the 15th century. The English king reigned over not only the British islands but in Normandy, France. (Read up on William the Conqueror for the story of how that came to be.) The result of this continental foothold meant that the English fought mostly in France, from Brittany to the south of France, and east towards Flanders. Fighting in this time was particularly brutal. ""Men at Arms"" were knights, wearing full suits of armor. Supporting these Men at Arms were crossbowman (on the French side) and archers, using the English War Bow, on the English side. The War Bow was an extremely powerful weapon.",open_qa Who is Rajinikanth?,,"Rajinikanth is an Indian action who primarily acts in Tamil movies. Shivaji Rao Gaikwad, known professionally as Rajinikanth (/rədʒɪnɪkɑːnθ/), is an Indian actor, producer and screenwriter who works mainly in Tamil cinema. In a career spanning over five decades, he has done more than 160 films that includes films in Tamil, Hindi, Telugu, Kannada, Bengali, and Malayalam. He is widely regarded as one of the most successful and popular actors in the history of Indian cinema.",classification "Given this paragraph about Platylesches Robustus, what type of insect is it and how many countries can it be found?","Platylesches robustus, the robust hopper or large hopper, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Zululand, Eswatini, Transvaal, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. The habitat consists of moist, frost-free savanna and the transitional zone between forest and Guinea savanna.",The Platylesches robustus is a butterfly and it can be found in five different countries.,closed_qa Where did peanut butter and jelly sandwiches originate?,"The first known reference for a peanut butter and jelly sandwich appeared in the Boston Cooking School Magazine in 1901; it called for ""three very thin layers of bread and two of filling, one of peanut paste, whatever brand you prefer, and currant or crabapple jelly for the other"", and called it as ""so far as I know original"".","In 1901, the Boston Cooking School Magazine published the first known reference for a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. This magazine article called for ""three very thin layers of bread and two of filling, one of peanut paste, whatever brand you prefer, and currant or crabapple jelly for the other.""",closed_qa "What does the phrase ""the Carolinas"" refer to?",,"When someone says ""the Carolinas,"" they are referring to both the state of North Carolina and the state of South Carolina within the United States.",open_qa Name some famous songs by George Gershwin,,"In his career, George Gershwin wrote influential works such as the orchestral compositions ""Rhapsody in Blue"" and ""An American in Paris"". Furthermore, he is known for the songs ""Fascinating Rhythm"", ""Embraceable You"", ""I Got Rhythm"", and ""Isn't it a pity"". The hit ""Summertime"" was also composed by Gershwin, as part of the opera ""Porgy and Bess"", which premiered in Boston in 1935.",open_qa Why should I watch ice hockey,"Ice hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport. It belongs to a family of sports called hockey. In ice hockey, two opposing teams use ice hockey sticks to control, advance, and shoot a closed, vulcanized, rubber disc called a ""puck"" into the other team's goal. Each goal is worth one point. The team which scores the most goals is declared the winner. In a formal game, each team has six skaters on the ice at a time, barring any penalties, one of whom is the goaltender. Ice hockey is a full contact sport, and is considered to be one of the more physically demanding sports. Ice hockey is one of the sports featured in the Winter Olympics while its premiere international competition, the IIHF World Championships, are governed by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) for both men's and women's competitions. In North America and parts of Europe the sport is known simply as hockey[citation needed]. However, in other countries, ""hockey"" usually refers to field hockey. In 1994 hockey was officially recognized as Canada's national winter sport. The modern sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, where the first indoor game was played on March 3, 1875. Some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey leagues began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was initially commissioned in 1892 as the ""Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup"" and was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion and later became the championship trophy of the National Hockey League (NHL). In the early 1900s, the Canadian rules were adopted by the Ligue Internationale de Hockey Sur Glace, in Paris, France, the precursor of the IIHF. The sport was played for the first time at the Olympics during the 1920 Summer Olympics. While women also played during the game's early formative years, it was not until organizers began to officially remove body checking from female ice hockey beginning in the mid-1980s that it began to gain greater popularity, which by then had spread to Europe and a variety of other countries. The first IIHF Women's World Championship was held in 1990, and women's play was introduced into the Olympics in 1998.","Ice hockey is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport. It belongs to a family of sports called hockey. In ice hockey, two opposing teams use ice hockey sticks to control, advance, and shoot a closed, vulcanized, rubber disc called a ""puck"" into the other team's goal. Each goal is worth one point. The team which scores the most goals is declared the winner. In a formal game, each team has six skaters on the ice at a time, barring any penalties, one of whom is the goaltender. Ice hockey is a full contact sport, and is considered to be one of the more physically demanding sports. Ice hockey is fast, intense and fun to watch. The fans in the stadium are sitting close to the ice rink and cheer and push their favorite teams to reach their goals.",closed_qa "Based on this paragraph, how many jobs are created by tourism in Germany?","Germany is the ninth-most visited country in the world as of 2017, with 37.4 million visits. Domestic and international travel and tourism combined directly contribute over €105.3 billion to German GDP. Including indirect and induced impacts, the industry supports 4.2 million jobs.",4.2 million jobs are created by tourism in Germany.,information_extraction List the best-known types of Intellectual property. List the results in comma separated format.,"Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. There are many types of intellectual property, and some countries recognize more than others. The best-known types are patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. The modern concept of intellectual property developed in England in the 17th and 18th centuries. The term ""intellectual property"" began to be used in the 19th century, though it was not until the late 20th century that intellectual property became commonplace in most of the world's legal systems. The main purpose of intellectual property law is to encourage the creation of a wide variety of intellectual goods. To achieve this, the law gives people and businesses property rights to the information and intellectual goods they create, usually for a limited period of time. This gives economic incentive for their creation, because it allows people to benefit from the information and intellectual goods they create, and allows them to protect their ideas and prevent copying. These economic incentives are expected to stimulate innovation and contribute to the technological progress of countries, which depends on the extent of protection granted to innovators. The intangible nature of intellectual property presents difficulties when compared with traditional property like land or goods. Unlike traditional property, intellectual property is ""indivisible"", since an unlimited number of people can ""consume"" an intellectual good without its being depleted.Additionally, investments in intellectual goods suffer from appropriation problems: Landowners can surround their land with a robust fence and hire armed guards to protect it, but producers of information or literature can usually do little to stop their first buyer from replicating it and selling it at a lower price. Balancing rights so that they are strong enough to encourage the creation of intellectual goods but not so strong that they prevent the goods' wide use is the primary focus of modern intellectual property law.","patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets",information_extraction What is the largest retailers and e-commerce companies?,"Alibaba is one of the world's largest retailers and e-commerce companies. In 2020, it was also rated as the fifth-largest artificial intelligence company. It is also one of the biggest venture capital firms and investment corporations in the world, as well as the second largest financial services group behind Visa via its fintech arm Ant Group. The company hosts the largest B2B (Alibaba.com), C2C (Taobao), and B2C (Tmall) marketplaces in the world. It has been expanding into the media industry, with revenues rising by triple percentage points year after year. It also set the record on the 2018 edition of China's Singles' Day, the world's biggest online and offline shopping day.","Alibaba is one of the world's largest retailers and e-commerce companies. It consists of many business including B2B (Alibaba.com), C2C (Taobao) and B2C (Tmall). Alibaba is also one of the largest financial companies and AI companies.",closed_qa "Given a reference text about In the House, when was it originally on TV and what channel played it?","In the House is an American television sitcom that originally aired on NBC from April 10, 1995 and moved to UPN after its second season. The show starred LL Cool J as Marion Hill a former professional football player with the Oakland Raiders. Because of his financial predicament, he is forced to rent out most of the rooms in his house to newly divorced single mother Jackie Warren (Debbie Allen) and her two children, Tiffany (Maia Campbell) and Austin (Jeffery Wood). In the third season, Jackie and Austin move to Nashville, leaving Tiffany to stay with Marion in order to finish school in Los Angeles; Marion purchases a sports rehabilitation facility with the boisterous Tonia (Kim Wayans) and the pompous Maxwell (Alfonso Ribeiro), leading to the trio's attempts to work together despite their clashing personalities.","In the House was aired on NBC on April 10, 1995",closed_qa What treatments is Iodine-125 used for?,"Iodine-125 (125I) is a radioisotope of iodine which has uses in biological assays, nuclear medicine imaging and in radiation therapy as brachytherapy to treat a number of conditions, including prostate cancer, uveal melanomas, and brain tumors. It is the second longest-lived radioisotope of iodine, after iodine-129. Its half-life is 59.49 days and it decays by electron capture to an excited state of tellurium-125. This state is not the metastable 125mTe, but rather a lower energy state that decays immediately by gamma decay with a maximum energy of 35 keV. Some of the excess energy of the excited 125Te may be internally converted ejected electrons (also at 35 keV), or to x-rays (from electron bremsstrahlung), and also a total of 21 Auger electrons, which are produced at the low energies of 50 to 500 electron volts. Eventually, stable ground state 125Te is produced as the final decay product. In medical applications, the internal conversion and Auger electrons cause little damage outside the cell which contains the isotope atom. The X-rays and gamma rays are of low enough energy to deliver a higher radiation dose selectively to nearby tissues, in ""permanent"" brachytherapy where the isotope capsules are left in place (125I competes with palladium-103 in such uses) Because of its relatively long half-life and emission of low-energy photons which can be detected by gamma-counter crystal detectors, 125I is a preferred isotope for tagging antibodies in radioimmunoassay and other gamma-counting procedures involving proteins outside the body. The same properties of the isotope make it useful for brachytherapy, and for certain nuclear medicine scanning procedures, in which it is attached to proteins (albumin or fibrinogen), and where a half-life longer than that provided by 123I is required for diagnostic or lab tests lasting several days. Iodine-125 can be used in scanning/imaging the thyroid, but iodine-123 is preferred for this purpose, due to better radiation penetration and shorter half-life (13 hours). 125I is useful for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) testing in the diagnosis or monitoring of patients with kidney disease. Iodine-125 is used therapeutically in brachytherapy treatments of tumors. For radiotherapy ablation of tissues that absorb iodine (such as the thyroid), or that absorb an iodine-containing radiopharmaceutical, the beta-emitter iodine-131 is the preferred isotope.","Iodine-125 is used in biological assays, nuclear medicine imaging and in radiation therapy as brachytherapy to treat a number of conditions, including prostate cancer, uveal melanomas, and brain tumors.",summarization What are AAC devices used for?,,AAC stands for Augmentative and Alternative Communication. AAC devices provide a way of communication for those with speech impairments. They can be used by people of all ages. There are various kind of AAC devices such as symbol cards or high tech mobile apps.,open_qa "Are these baseball teams or football teams: Arizona Diamondbacks, Seattle Mariners, Pittsburg Pirates, and Houston Astros?",,They are baseball teams.,classification Which second-season episode of Game of Thrones did Neil Marshall direct?,,"Neil Marshall directed the 9th episode of the second season of Game of Thrones, titled ""Blackwater""",open_qa When and where was John Barrett born?,"John Henry Barrett MBE (21 July 1913 – 9 February 1999) was a pioneering conservationist, author and broadcaster, who was the first Warden at Dale Fort Field Centre in Pembrokeshire. Barrett was born in King's Lynn, Norfolk. He read Economics and Geography at Cambridge University.","He was born in 1913 in King's Lynn, Norfolk.",closed_qa What country is to the north of the United States?,,Canada is America's northern neighbor,open_qa How can I help a homeless person?,,"There are lots of ways you can help a homeless person. Immediate help can be provided by giving them food and water and other essential items such as soap, shampoo, a toothbrush and toothpaste. Longer term solutions include giving money to a local food bank throughout the year.",brainstorming What is the biggest threat to the great barrier reef?,"The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority considers the greatest threat to the Great Barrier Reef to be climate change, causing ocean warming which increases coral bleaching. Mass coral bleaching events due to marine heatwaves occurred in the summers of 1998, 2002, 2006, 2016, 2017 and 2020, and coral bleaching is expected to become an annual occurrence. In 2020, a study found that the Great Barrier Reef has lost more than half of its corals since 1995 due to warmer seas driven by climate change. As global warming continues, corals will not be able to keep up with increasing ocean temperatures. Coral bleaching events lead to increased disease susceptibility, which causes detrimental ecological effects for reef communities.",Climate change is the biggest threat to the Great Barrier Reef. Major heat waves over the past 30 years have increased coral bleaching and is now expected to occur yearly. Coral bleaching increases the likelihood of disease and is therefore destroying reef communities.,summarization What is Original Joe's restaurant and where are they located?,"Original Joe's is a duo of restaurants in the North Beach neighborhood of San Francisco and the Westlake neighborhood of Daly City. They serve a wide variety of foods, mostly Italian-American cuisine with some mainstream American favorites. Their ""signature"" dishes include Joe's Special, Chicken Parmigiana, the Joe's Famous Hamburger Sandwich and a variety of steaks and chops.",Original Joe's is a duo of restaurants in the North Beach neighborhood of San Francisco and the Westlake neighborhood of Daly City.,closed_qa What is a Melanochromis simulans,,Melanochromis simulans is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it occurs in the Masinje Rocks and at Cape Ngombo. This species can reach a length of 7.4 centimetres (2.9 in) SL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.,open_qa Why do cats purr?,"In domestic cats, many signals that occur when interacting with humans seem to originate from when the animal was dependent on the mother. Cats have been observed to purr for most of their lifespan, starting from when they were young and suckling from their mother. Purring may have developed as an evolutionary advantage as a signaling mechanism of reassurance between mother cats and nursing kittens. Post-nursing cats often purr as a sign of contentment: when being petted, becoming relaxed, or eating. Some purring may be a signal to another animal that the purring cat does not pose a threat.","Cats purr for a variety of reasons. Purring can be a sign of contentment or comfort, for example when being pet, while relaxing or eating. It is thought that purring may have developed as an evolutionary trait signaling reassurance between the mother cat and its nursing kittens.",summarization Which major league baseball season is considered Sid Gordon's breakout year?,"In 1948 Gordon was 3rd in the National League in slugging percentage (.537), 4th in RBIs (107), 5th in home runs (30; a career high) and at-bats per home run (17.4), 6th in runs (100; a career high) and total bases (280), 8th in batting average (.299), 9th in walks (74) and OBP (.390), and 10th in stolen bases (8). He was voted onto the All-Star team for his first time. The Giants held ""Sid Gordon Day"" at the Polo Grounds, and he received a new car, golf clubs, and a set of luggage. July 3 was also dubbed ""Sid Gordon Day"" at Ebbets Field, marking a rare honor for a visiting player. He finished 4th in voting for the 1948 National League MVP.","Sid Gordon during his second stint with the New York Giants in 1948 had one of the best all around hitting performance seasons in mayor league baseball history. Gordon finished in the top ten in ten National League offensive performance statistics including third in slugging percentage (.537), 4th in RBIs (107), 5th in home runs (30; a career high) and at-bats per home run (17.4), 6th in runs (100; a career high) and total bases (280), 8th in batting average (.299), 9th in walks (74) and OBP (.390), and 10th in stolen bases (8). Sid Gordon was also voted to the all-star team and finished 4th in voting for the National League most valuable player (MVP) award.",summarization What is a web browser?,,"A web browser is an application graphical user interface window that allows you to interact with content from the internet. It is used for accessing websites and there are many web browsers available today like mozilla firefox, google chrome, microsoft edge, and safari. When a webpage is requested by the web browser files and data are retrieved from the web server and then rendered as a webpage through the web browser.",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the year Indian National Congress was founded","The Indian National Congress (INC), colloquially the Congress Party but often simply the Congress, is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, the Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. The Congress led India to independence from the United Kingdom,[d",Indian National Congress was founded in 1885,information_extraction List down few details about CURE algorithm from given text,"To avoid the problems with non-uniform sized or shaped clusters, CURE employs a hierarchical clustering algorithm that adopts a middle ground between the centroid based and all point extremes. In CURE, a constant number c of well scattered points of a cluster are chosen and they are shrunk towards the centroid of the cluster by a fraction α. The scattered points after shrinking are used as representatives of the cluster. The clusters with the closest pair of representatives are the clusters that are merged at each step of CURE's hierarchical clustering algorithm. This enables CURE to correctly identify the clusters and makes it less sensitive to outliers.","1. CURE uses a hierarchical clustering method that selects a middle ground between the centroid based and all point extremes in order to avoid the issues with non-uniformly sized or formed clusters. 2. In CURE, a fixed number c of evenly spaced-out points from a cluster are selected, and they are shrunk by a fraction in the direction of the cluster centroid. 3. The scattered points that have shrunk are used as cluster representatives. 4. At each stage of the hierarchical clustering algorithm used by CURE, the clusters with the closest pair of representatives are the clusters that are combined. 5. This makes CURE less sensitive to outliers and allows it to appropriately detect the clusters.",summarization What are the tennis ball made of?,"Tennis balls were originally made of cloth strips stitched together with thread and stuffed with feathers. Modern tennis balls are made of hollow vulcanized rubber with a felt coating. Traditionally white, the predominant colour was gradually changed to optic yellow in the latter part of the 20th century to allow for improved visibility. Tennis balls must conform to certain criteria for size, weight, deformation, and bounce to be approved for regulation play. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) defines the official diameter as 65.41–68.58 mm (2.575–2.700 in). Balls must weigh between 56.0 and 59.4 g (1.98 and 2.10 oz).",Nowadays most tennis balls are made of hollow vulcanized rubber with a felt coating.,information_extraction What is a laser and who created it?,"A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The word laser is an anacronym that originated as an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories, based on theoretical work by Charles H. Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow. A laser differs from other sources of light in that it emits light that is coherent. Spatial coherence allows a laser to be focused to a tight spot, enabling applications such as laser cutting and lithography. Spatial coherence also allows a laser beam to stay narrow over great distances (collimation), enabling applications such as laser pointers and lidar (light detection and ranging). Lasers can also have high temporal coherence, which allows them to emit light with a very narrow spectrum. Alternatively, temporal coherence can be used to produce ultrashort pulses of light with a broad spectrum but durations as short as a femtosecond. Lasers are used in optical disc drives, laser printers, barcode scanners, DNA sequencing instruments, fiber-optic, and free-space optical communication, semiconducting chip manufacturing (photolithography), laser surgery and skin treatments, cutting and welding materials, military and law enforcement devices for marking targets and measuring range and speed, and in laser lighting displays for entertainment. Semiconductor lasers in the blue to near-UV have also been used in place of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to excite fluorescence as a white light source. This permits a much smaller emitting area due to the much greater radiance of a laser and avoids the droop suffered by LEDs; such devices are already used in some car headlamps.","A laser is a device that emits light from an electromagnetic radiation source. The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories, based on theoretical work by Charles H. Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow. Lasers emit a certain type of light. Light that is coherent. Coherence can be measured spatially or temporally. Spacial coherence allows laser beams to stay narrow over great distances. Temporal coherence can be used to produce ultrashort pules of light. Some example of the uses of lasers are optical disc drives, laser printers, barcode scanners, fiber optics and photolithography",summarization What is a personalized sales email?,,"A personalized sales email is an email written to a specific person at a company. This type of email is tailored to a prospective customer in a way that touches upon why you are reaching out to that person and why you are reaching out to that person right now. An initial personalized email aims to spark interest in potential buyers, hoping they agree to discuss the value they might gain by purchasing your offering.",open_qa "Using the two paragraphs below, when was the Ukrainian Chorus Dumka of NY founded, and when did it play in Ukraine for the first time?","Ukrainian Chorus Dumka of New York was founded in 1949 with the goal ""to preserve and cultivate the rich musical heritage of Ukraine"", both for the church and for secular occasions. In the beginning, the chorus was a men's chorus of Ukrainian immigrants who met to sing music they loved. The first music director was L. Krushelnycky. The group became a mixed choir in 1959. They have performed in New York at locations including in Alice Tully Hall, Avery Fisher Hall, Brooklyn Academy of Music, Carnegie Hall, Madison Square Garden, St. Patrick's Cathedral, and Town Hall. They toured to the Kennedy Center in Washington, and in several European capitals. In 1990, the chorus toured Ukraine for the first time, singing in Kyiv, Lviv, Poltava, and Kaniv. They made recordings of both church and secular music.",The Ukrainian Chorus Dumka of New York was founded in 1949. It toured Ukraine for the first time in 1990.,information_extraction Why do some people try to limit the amount of dessert they eat?,,"Dessert is often high in sugar and fat, which can make the desserts unhealthy in large quantities. Therefore, some people only eat limited amounts of dessert in order to help protect their health",open_qa "Based on the reference text, provide a concise overview of the main objectives of the Federal Reserve","The Federal Reserve System (often shortened to the Federal Reserve, or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics (particularly the panic of 1907) led to the desire for central control of the monetary system in order to alleviate financial crises.[list 1] Over the years, events such as the Great Depression in the 1930s and the Great Recession during the 2000s have led to the expansion of the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System. Congress established three key objectives for monetary policy in the Federal Reserve Act: maximizing employment, stabilizing prices, and moderating long-term interest rates. The first two objectives are sometimes referred to as the Federal Reserve's dual mandate. Its duties have expanded over the years, and currently also include supervising and regulating banks, maintaining the stability of the financial system, and providing financial services to depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign official institutions. The Fed also conducts research into the economy and provides numerous publications, such as the Beige Book and the FRED database. The Federal Reserve System is composed of several layers. It is governed by the presidentially-appointed board of governors or Federal Reserve Board (FRB). Twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks, located in cities throughout the nation, regulate and oversee privately-owned commercial banks. Nationally chartered commercial banks are required to hold stock in, and can elect some board members of, the Federal Reserve Bank of their region. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) sets monetary policy. It consists of all seven members of the board of governors and the twelve regional Federal Reserve Bank presidents, though only five bank presidents vote at a time—the president of the New York Fed and four others who rotate through one-year voting terms. There are also various advisory councils.[list 2] It has a structure unique among central banks, and is also unusual in that the United States Department of the Treasury, an entity outside of the central bank, prints the currency used. The federal government sets the salaries of the board's seven governors, and it receives all the system's annual profits, after dividends on member banks' capital investments are paid, and an account surplus is maintained. In 2015, the Federal Reserve earned a net income of $100.2 billion and transferred $97.7 billion to the U.S. Treasury, and 2020 earnings were approximately $88.6 billion with remittances to the U.S. Treasury of $86.9 billion. Although an instrument of the U.S. government, the Federal Reserve System considers itself ""an independent central bank because its monetary policy decisions do not have to be approved by the president or by anyone else in the executive or legislative branches of government, it does not receive funding appropriated by Congress, and the terms of the members of the board of governors span multiple presidential and congressional terms.""","The main objectives of the Federal Reserve are to maximize employment, stabilize prices, and moderate long-term interest rates.",summarization Name the four members of the Beatles.,"The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time and were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and popular music's recognition as an art form. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock 'n' roll, their sound incorporated elements of classical music and traditional pop in innovative ways; the band also explored music styles ranging from folk and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock. As pioneers in recording, songwriting and artistic presentation, the Beatles revolutionised many aspects of the music industry and were often publicised as leaders of the era's youth and sociocultural movements.","John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr.",information_extraction "Which of these is an electronic device? Ipad, TV, Rock, Laptop, Tree.",,"Sure. Ipad, TV, and Laptop are all electronic devices.",classification List down some important facts about Indigo airlines,"InterGlobe Aviation Limited, doing business as IndiGo, is an Indian low-cost airline headquartered in Gurgaon, Haryana, India. It is the largest airline in India by passengers carried and fleet size, with a ~57% domestic market share as of October 2022.[non-primary source needed] It is also the largest individual Asian low-cost carrier in terms of jet fleet size and passengers carried, and the fourth largest carrier in Asia. The airline has carried over 300+ million passengers as of November 2022.","1. InterGlobe Aviation Limited is doing the business as Indigo in India. 2. Indigo is a low-cost Indian airline, whose headquarter is in Gurgaon, Haryana, India. 3. It is the largest airline in India with a ~57% domestic market share as of October 2022. 4. It has the record for largest individual Asian low-cost carrier in terms of jet fleet size and passengers carried, and it is also the fourth largest carrier in Asia. 5. As of November 2022 Indigo airline has carried over 300+ million passengers.",summarization What's a gaya melon? How does it taste like?,"Gaya melon, also known as snowball melon, ghost melon, dinosaur melon, dinosaur egg melon, dino melon, and dino egg melon, is a small to medium-sized honeydew melon developed originally in Japan and Korea and now grown in China, Mexico, southern California, and South America. The rind is very thin and is ivory in color with green streaking and the interior flesh is white. They are round in shape and may be slightly oblong. The flesh is juicy and soft towards the center but crisper towards the rind. It has been described to have a mild, sweet flavor with floral notes. It is best kept at room temperature and cut melons will stay good in a refrigerator for up to 5 days.","Gaya melon is a type of honeydew melon originally developed in Japan and Korea. They are very juicy and soft towards the center but crisper towards the grind. It has been described to have a mild, sweet flavor with floral notes.",summarization Is the following statement true or false: the earth is the third planet from the sun?,,"The earth is the third planet from the sun in our solar system, so the statement is true.",classification Please give me a short bulleted list of the top achievements John Wooden had as a coach for the UCLA men's basketball team.,"In the 1948–1949 season, Wooden was hired by the University of California, Los Angeles, to be the fourth basketball coach in the school's history. He succeeded Fred Cozens, Caddy Works, and Wilbur Johns; Johns became the school's athletic director. Wooden signed a three-year contract for $6,000 in the first year. Prior to being hired at UCLA, he had been pursued for the head coaching position at the University of Minnesota, and it was his and his wife's desire to remain in the Midwest, but inclement weather in Minnesota prevented Wooden from receiving the scheduled phone offer from the Golden Gophers. Thinking that they had lost interest, Wooden instead accepted the head coaching job with the Bruins. Officials from the University of Minnesota contacted Wooden immediately after he accepted the position at UCLA, but he declined their offer because he had already given his word to UCLA. Wooden had immediate success, fashioning the mark of the rarest of coaches, an ""instant turnaround"" for an undistinguished, faltering program. Part of this success was due to his unique offensive system, the same system that countless coaches use today. John Wooden stated, ""I believe my system is perfectly suited to counter all the modern defenses I have seen, and that includes run-and-jump, 1–3–1 trapping, box-and-one, triangle-and-two, and switching man-to-man."" Prior to Wooden's arrival at UCLA, the basketball program had only had two conference championship seasons in the previous 18 years. In his first season, he took a Bruins team that had posted a 12–13 record the previous year and transformed it into a Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) Southern Division champion with a 22–7 record, the most wins in a season for UCLA since the school started playing basketball in 1919. He surpassed that number the next season with 24–7 and a second division title and overall conference title in 1950, and would add two more in his first four years. Up to that time, UCLA had collected a total of two division titles since the PCC began divisional play, and had not won a conference title of any sort since winning the Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference in 1927. Wooden in 1960 In spite of these achievements, Wooden reportedly did not initially enjoy his position, and his wife did not favor living in Los Angeles. When Mel Taube left Purdue in 1950, Wooden's inclination was to return to West Lafayette and finally accept the head coaching job there. He was ultimately dissuaded when UCLA officials reminded him that it was he who had insisted upon a three-year commitment during negotiations in 1948. Wooden felt that leaving UCLA prior to the expiration of his contract would be tantamount to breaking his word, even though Purdue offered more money, a car and housing. By the 1955–56 season, Wooden had established a record of sustained success at UCLA. That year, he guided the team to its first undefeated PCC conference title and a 17-game winning streak that came to an end only at the hands of Phil Woolpert's University of San Francisco team (who had Bill Russell and K.C. Jones) that eventually won the 1956 NCAA tournament. However, UCLA was unable to advance from this level over the immediately ensuing seasons, finding itself unable to return to the NCAA Tournament, as the Pete Newell-coached teams of the California Golden Bears took control of the conference and won the 1959 NCAA tournament. Also hampering the fortunes of Wooden's team during that time period was a probation that was imposed on all UCLA sports teams in the aftermath of a scandal that involved illegal payments made to players on the school's football team. The probation was also extended to three additional schools: the University of Southern California, California and Stanford. The scandal resulted in the dismantling of the PCC conference. By the 1961–1962 season, the probation was no longer in place and Wooden returned his team to the top of the conference. This time, however, they would take the next step, and in so doing, unleash a run of dominance unparalleled in the history of college basketball. UCLA reached the Final Four of the NCAA tournament for the first time in school history. A narrow loss, due largely to a controversial foul call in a 1962 semi-final game against Ed Jucker's eventual national champion Cincinnati team, convinced Wooden that his Bruins were ready to contend for national championships. Two seasons later in 1964, the final piece of the puzzle fell into place when assistant coach Jerry Norman persuaded Wooden that the team's small-sized players and fast-paced offense would be complemented by the adoption of a zone press defense, which increased the probability of turnovers by the opposing team. The result was a dramatic increase in scoring, giving UCLA a powerhouse team that went 30–0 on its way to the school's first basketball national championship and first undefeated season as the Bruins beat Vic Bubas' taller and slower racially segregated Duke team 98–83 in the final. Walt Hazzard fouled out of the game late in the second half on a player control foul, but this was irrelevant when he cut down the net in celebration and was named tournament most valuable player. Gail Goodrich, Keith Erickson, Fred Slaughter, and Jack Hirsch contributed to the UCLA win. With no player taller than 6 feet, 5 inches, the Bruins' speed and zone press forced 29 turnovers and nullified the height advantage of Duke's Hack Tison and Jay Buckley, two 6-foot, 10-inch players. In the 1964-1965 campaign, the defending NCAA champions got off to an ominous start when UCLA lost to Illinois by 27 points in its opening game. It was all uphill after that as the squad repeated as national champions with Gail Goodrich, Kenny Washington, and Doug McIntosh. The Bruins upended Dave Strack's Michigan team 91–80 in the finals of the NCAA tournament. Goodrich shared Player of the Year honors with Princeton's Bill Bradley. The 1966 squad was denied a chance at a triple crown when it finished second to Oregon State in the Athletic Association of Western Universities (now the Pac-12). UCLA was ineligible to play in the NCAA tournament that year because in those days only conference champions received a bid to the tournament. The Bruins' 1967 incarnation returned with a vengeance with sophomore star Alcindor, reclaiming not only the conference title, but the national crown with another 30–0 season, and then retaining it every season but one until Wooden's retirement immediately following the 1975 NCAA championship. The resurgence of the Bruins under Wooden made it obvious that they needed a new home. Since 1932, the Bruins had played at the Men's Gym. It normally seated 2,400, but had been limited to 1,500 since 1955 by order of the city fire marshal. This forced the Bruins to move games to Pan Pacific Auditorium, the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena and other venues around Los Angeles when they were expected to attract larger crowds—something that happened fairly often after the Bruins' first national title. At Wooden's urging, a much larger on-campus facility, Pauley Pavilion, was built in time for the 1965–66 season. The building in Westwood was christened on November 27, 1965, in a special game that pitted the UCLA varsity against the UCLA freshmen. It was Lew Alcindor's (later Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) freshman season (freshmen were ineligible to play on the varsity in those days). UCLA was the defending national champion and ranked number 1 in the pre-season poll. The freshmen easily won the game by a score of 75–60. It was a powerful indication of things to come. A rule change was instituted for the 1967–1968 season, primarily because of Alcindor's towering play near the basket. The dunk shot was outlawed and would not be reinstated until the 1976–1977 season, which was shortly after Wooden's retirement. This was at least the second time that the rules committee had initiated change in response to the domination of a superstar player; in 1944, the goaltending rule was instituted to counter George Mikan's dominant defensive play near the basket. In January, UCLA took its 47-game winning streak to the Astrodome in Houston, where the Bruins met Guy Lewis' Houston squad, who had Elvin Hayes and Ken Spain, in the Game of the Century in the nation's first nationally televised regular season college basketball game. Houston upset UCLA 71–69, as Hayes scored 39 points. In a post-game interview, Wooden said, ""We have to start over."" UCLA went undefeated the rest of the year and thrashed Houston 101–69 in the semi-final rematch of the NCAA tournament en route to the national championship. Sports Illustrated ran the front cover headline Lew's Revenge. The rout of Houston. UCLA limited Hayes to only 10 points; he had been averaging 37.7 points per game. Wooden credited Norman for devising the diamond-and-one defense that contained Hayes. The Game of the Century is also remembered for an incident involving Wooden and Edgar Lacy. Lacy was ineffective on defense against Elvin Hayes, and Wooden benched him after 11 minutes. Lacy never re-entered the game. Furious with Wooden, Lacy quit the team three days later, telling the Los Angeles Times ""I've never enjoyed playing for that man."" UCLA's talent during the 1968 NCAA tournament was so overwhelming that they placed four players on the All-Tournament team. In addition to Alcindor, Lucius Allen, Mike Warren, and ""Lefty"" Lynn Shackelford were given accolades. Kenny Heitz was also a member of UCLA's 1968 team. Lew Alcindor finished his career at UCLA in 1969 with a third consecutive national championship when the Bruins beat George King's Purdue team 92–72 in the title game. The three straight titles were matched by three consecutive MVP awards in the tournament as Alcindor established himself as college basketball's superstar during the three-peat performance. Alcindor and Wooden would continue their communication even after he left UCLA. In 2017, Jabbar wrote a book, ""Coach Wooden and Me"", which details their long-standing friendship. A sportswriter commented that everybody outside of UCLA would be happy that glorious day in June when Alcindor finally graduated and college basketball could go back to the routine method of determining a national champion. This prophecy would prove to be ludicrous over the next six years. The 1970 squad proved that nobody was indispensable to the success of the UCLA program, not even Alcindor, as Sidney Wicks, Henry Bibby, Curtis Rowe, John Vallely, and Kenny Booker carried the Bruins to their fourth consecutive NCAA title with an 80–69 win over upstart Jacksonville, coached by Joe Williams. Wicks and Rowe double teamed 7-foot Artis Gilmore on defense and shut down the high-powered Jacksonville offense, which had been averaging 100 points per game. Gilmore and 5'10"" Rex Morgan had been dubbed ""Batman and Robin"" by the press. In the 1971 NCAA championship game, Steve Patterson outscored Howard Porter of Jack Kraft's scandal-plagued Villanova squad as UCLA won 68–62. The following year, UCLA had its closest game in all of Wooden's 10 championships, beating Hugh Durham's Florida State team 81–76 to take the 1972 title. After the game, Bill Walton said, ""We didn't play well."" Wooden with Digger Phelps in 1973, after UCLA beat Notre Dame for their NCAA-record 61st straight win The 1972–1973 season was one of the most memorable campaigns in the history of UCLA basketball. Freshmen became eligible to play varsity ball again, and the Bruins went 30–0 and stretched their winning streak to a record 75 straight in breezing through the NCAA tournament by blowing out Gene Bartow's Memphis State team 87–66 in the final, as Bill Walton hit an incredible 21 of 22 field goal attempts. Walton and Wooden were everybody's Player and Coach of the Year again. Keith Wilkes, Greg Lee, and Larry Hollyfield were members of that team, and Wilkes would go on to win four NBA championships as well. UCLA's two big streaks came to an end during the 1973–1974 season. In January, the winning streak stopped at 88 games when Digger Phelps's Notre Dame squad upended the Bruins 71–70 in South Bend. Two months later, Norm Sloan's North Carolina State team defeated UCLA 80–77 in double overtime in the semifinals of the NCAA tournament. David Thompson was NC State's All-American, and Tom Burleson did an excellent job on defense against Bill Walton. UCLA had beaten the Wolfpack by 18 points early in the season, but things were different when they met in March. Wooden coached what would prove to be his final game in Pauley Pavilion on March 1, 1975, a 93–59 victory over Stanford. Four weeks later, following a 75–74 overtime victory over former player and former assistant coach Denny Crum and Louisville in the 1975 NCAA Tournament semifinal game, Wooden announced that he would retire at age 64 immediately after the championship game. His legendary coaching career concluded triumphantly when Richard Washington and David Meyers combined for 52 points as UCLA responded with a 92–85 win over Joe B. Hall and Kentucky to claim Wooden's first career coaching victory over the Wildcats and his unprecedented 10th national championship. Marques Johnson and Andre McCarter were also key contributors on Wooden's final championship team. The success of Wooden's last team was particularly impressive because it had no marquee stars such as Alcindor, Walton, Hazzard, and Goodrich; the team was a group of rugged opportunists. Andy Hill, who was on three Bruin teams under Wooden that won NCAA championships from 1970 to 1972, decades later co-wrote with Wooden the 2001 book Be Quick—But Don't Hurry! Finding Success in the Teachings of a Lifetime. The bestseller details how Hill applied his experience as a player under Wooden to achieve success in his career as a television executive. His goal was to demonstrate the relevance of Wooden's coaching style to the business world. The book also delves into his personal relationship with Wooden as his coach and mentor. In 2004, a 93-year-old Wooden stated that he would not mind coming back as an assistant who could help players with practices and other light duties. During his tenure with the Bruins, Wooden became known as the ""Wizard of Westwood"", though he personally disdained the nickname. He gained lasting fame with UCLA by winning 620 games in 27 seasons and 10 NCAA titles during his last 12 seasons, including seven in a row from 1967 to 1973. His UCLA teams also established an NCAA men's basketball record winning streak of 88 games and four perfect 30–0 seasons. They also won 38 straight games in NCAA tournaments and 98 straight home wins at Pauley Pavilion. ""He never made more than $35,000 a year salary (not including camps and speaking engagements), including 1975, the year he won his 10th national championship, and never asked for a raise"", wrote Rick Reilly of ESPN. He was given a Bruin powder blue Mercedes that season as a retirement gift. According to his own writings, Wooden turned down an offer to coach the Los Angeles Lakers from owner Jack Kent Cooke that may have been ten times what UCLA was paying him.","John Wooden had 620 wins with the Bruins, John Wooden led his team to 10 NCAA championships, His teams had four perfect winning seasons and had multiple record-setting winning streaks, John Wooden uplifted the program to be a league leader, He became known at the ""Wizard of Westwood""",summarization "From the passage provided, provide the two scenarios in bullet form where radiative heat transfer is an important consideration.","Radiative heat transfer is the transfer of energy via thermal radiation, i.e., electromagnetic waves. It occurs across vacuum or any transparent medium (solid or fluid or gas). Thermal radiation is emitted by all objects at temperatures above absolute zero, due to random movements of atoms and molecules in matter. Since these atoms and molecules are composed of charged particles (protons and electrons), their movement results in the emission of electromagnetic radiation which carries away energy. Radiation is typically only important in engineering applications for very hot objects, or for objects with a large temperature difference.","Radiative heat transfer is an important consideration when: - Engineering applications for very hot objects - Engineering applications for objects with a large temperature difference",information_extraction Think of all the ways having a diverse group of employees helps an organization.,,"Improves overall employee morale, improves the organization's cultural competence skills, reduces fear amongst employees, increases creativity in the workplace, reduces micro-aggressions in the workplace, improves reputation of the organization, increases workplace innovation",brainstorming Extract out some details about Hair of the Dog Brewing Company brewery from given paragraph,"Hair of the Dog Brewing Company is a brewery in Portland, Oregon. Several of its beers are bottle conditioned. The tasting room in southeast Portland's Buckman neighborhood closed on June 26, 2022. Alan Sprints is the owner and brewer with a few helpers, including his sister and his three sons. He graduated from Le Cordon Bleu culinary school. He was president of the home brewers club Oregon Brew Crew, prior to founding Hair of the Dog in 1993. The brewery's biggest claim to fame was its barley wine, Dave. Its Eve beer was frozen distilled three times. The brewery's Adam beer is a recreation of an Adambier, a historic brew that was originally made in Dortmund, Germany.","1. Hair of the Dog Brewing Company is a brewery in Portland, Oregon. 2. Several of its beers are bottle conditioned. The tasting room in southeast Portland's Buckman neighborhood closed on June 26, 2022. 3. The tasting room in southeast Portland's Buckman neighborhood closed on June 26, 2022. 4. Alan Sprints is the owner and brewer with a few helpers, including his sister and his three sons. 5. He graduated from Le Cordon Bleu culinary school. 6. He was president of the home brewers club Oregon Brew Crew, prior to founding Hair of the Dog in 1993. 7. The brewery's biggest claim to fame was its barley wine, Dave. 8. Its Eve beer was frozen distilled three times. 9. The brewery's Adam beer is a recreation of an Adambier, a historic brew that was originally made in Dortmund, Germany.",summarization "Given a reference text about David Moses ben Meir Dyte, tell me what he is known for.","David Moses ben Meir Dyte (c. 1770–1830) was an English Jewish quill merchant who distinguished himself by preventing the assassination attempt on George III by James Hadfield on 15 May 1800. Dyte was attending Colley Cibber's play She Would and She Would Not at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane when Hadfield fired a horsepistol at the King. Dyte, seated directly behind the shooter, struck the assailant and deflected the shot. It is said that Dyte asked as his sole reward the right to sell opera tickets, then a monopoly at the royal disposal. In 1802 he was appointed 'Purveyor of Pens and Quills to the Royal Household'. The incident was immortalised in the play Jew Dyte by Harold Rubinstein. Dyte was the father of Henry Dyte, who served as Honorary Secretary to the Blind Society; and the grandfather of D. H. Dyte, Surgeon to the Jewish Board of Guardians, and Charles Dyte, a parliamentarian in the colony of Victoria.",David Moses ben Meir Dyte is known for preventing an assassination attempt by James Hadfield on George III.,closed_qa What is the role of whistleblowers in a democratic market economy?,,"Whistleblowers play an important role in a democratic market economy. With highly complex structured contracts, specifically in the financial sector, there’s asymmetric information due to limited access. Shareholders cannot adequately monitor the behavior of financial traders who can take risks, which when materialized shareholders will not be able to repay. There’s also a lack of efficient monitoring on part of the regulators/government agencies due to resource constraints or revolving doors among the staff working at these financial institutions and regulatory agencies. Thus, whistleblowers play a critical role in exposing potential fraud within their organizations.",creative_writing "Given this paragraph about ESPN's SportsCenter in 2009, in what west coast city did ESPN begin producing it's 1:00 a.m. Eastern Time edition of SportsCenter?","On April 6, 2009 (starting with the 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time edition, which was anchored by Hannah Storm and Sage Steele), SportsCenter debuted a new graphics package that saw the ""rundown"" graphic – shown during the daytime editions – being shifted to the left side of the screen. On that same date, SportsCenter began producing its 1:00 a.m. Eastern Time edition of SportsCenter live from ESPN's production facilities in the newly constructed L.A. Live complex (just across from the Staples Center) in Los Angeles. The set is virtually identical to the setup at the main facilities in Bristol, and the late-night West Coast broadcast would be produced as simply another edition of the program. Neil Everett and Stan Verrett were appointed as the primary anchors for the Los Angeles-based editions of SportsCenter. A new BottomLine ticker was also unveiled that day on four of the five ESPN networks (ESPN, ESPN2, ESPN Classic and ESPNU); the redesigned ticker was quickly dropped, reverting to the old BottomLine design – which had been in use since April 2003 – due to an equipment failure (however, this ticker was operational for the 2009 NFL Draft and the 2009 NBA draft). After technical issues with the revamped BottomLine were fixed, the new BottomLine was reinstated on July 8.",Los Angeles is the west coast city that ESPN began producing it's 1:00 a.m. Eastern Time edition of SportsCenter.,closed_qa "Given this paragraph, tell me the storyline of Sabapathy.","Sabapathy is a 1941 Indian Tamil-language comedy film directed by A. V. Meiyappan and A. T. Krishnaswamy, and produced by Meiyappan. An adaptation of Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar's farce play of the same name, the film stars T. R. Ramachandran, Kali N. Rathnam, C. T. Rajakantham and K. Sarangapani. It focuses on the antics of two dim-witted men named Sabapathy: a wealthy man and his servant. The film was released on 14 December 1941 and became a commercial success.",Sabapathy is a comedy film about the antics of a wealthy man and his servant.,closed_qa What are some best practices to keep car tires from losing tread prematurely,,"To keep car tires from losing tread prematurely follow these best practices 1) Ensure the tire pressure is always at the car and tire manufacturers recommended PSI levels 2) Ensure you rotate tires every 6 months 3) Enhance your sense of breaking scenarios and try to gently break into it rather than abruptly slamming the breaks 4) Similarly try to accelerate gently as you start your drive rather than accelerating at a high rate.",open_qa What are equity securities?,,Equity securities are financial assets that represent ownership of a corporation. The most prevalent type of equity security is common stock. And the characteristic that most defines an equity security—differentiating it from most other types of securities—is ownership.,open_qa why wax snowboard?,,Waxing snowboard improves the speed of the skiing by reducing friction,open_qa Where is the language Zimba spoken?,Zimba is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.,"Zimba is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, spoken in a band of country south of the Elila River. It is not closely related to other languages, unless the divergent dialects Kwange and Mamba (Kyenyemamba) are considered separate languages.",information_extraction What are the benefits of a barre workout?,"Barre classes attract people who want to develop the lean muscle tone of a ballerina. Supposed benefits include improved strength, posture, flexibility, balance, stability, endurance, and muscle definition, together with weight loss and reduced stress. The exercises target muscles that support and stabilise the body and which are often neglected in everyday life and by other forms of exercise.","Barre workouts help create a lean body, such as that of a ballerina. The workout helps with improving strength, posture, balance, flexibility, endurance, stability , endurance, muscles definition and promotes weight loss by focusing on muscles that are ignored in everyday life or other exercises",summarization Write a paragraph on the difficulties of seizure detection among epilepsy patients.,,"Seizure detection in epilepsy usually faces the problem of subjectivity where one reviewer's response may differ from another. This makes the seizure classification very difficult, wasting a lot of time. The gold standard, video-EEG, is also time-consuming and resource-intensive. An epilepsy patient can also have multiple types of seizures, making the detection even more difficult. This becomes more challenging when seizure types like hyperkinetic seizures have similar traits to non-epilepsy functional seizures.",creative_writing How many atomic bombs have been used in combat in human history?,,Two atomic bombs have been deployed against populations in human history,open_qa Make an argument for making buses free to ride in cities.,,"Making buses free to ride would increase ridership. This benefits cities by reducing cars on the road, reducing traffic congestion and pollution. People who rely on buses often have lower income, and not charging bus fare would be disproportionately beneficial to them. Not charging a fare also avoids the need to maintain payment infrastructure on buses.",creative_writing "Given this paragraph, how big are the non-volley zones in pickleball and where are they located?","The appearance of a pickleball court, and the manner of play, resembles tennis, but the court is the size of a doubles badminton court, less than a third the size of a tennis court. Court lines and rules are specific to pickleball and include two 7-foot areas (2.1 m) on either side of the net known as the non-volley zones, where the ball cannot be hit with the paddle unless the ball bounces first. The official rules specify side-out scoring, where only the serving team can score a point. All serves are made with an underhand stroke. The hard plastic ball used in pickleball produces significantly less bounce than softer flexible balls, such as a tennis ball. The minimal bounce combined with the non-volley zone and underhand serve give the game dynamic pace and strategy ranging from soft dink shots that stay within the two non-volley zones to powerful drive shots and overhead smash shots. To minimize any advantage the serving or receiving side might have at the beginning of the game, the ball must bounce once on each side of the net before either team may volley the ball, which is to hit the ball in the air before it bounces.",7-foot areas on either side of the net known,closed_qa Who sang Big Big Deal,"""Big Big Deal"" is a song by the British singer-songwriter Steve Harley, which was released as his debut, non-album solo single in 1974. The song, which was written and produced by Harley, would be his last release before scoring the UK number one hit ""Make Me Smile (Come Up and See Me)"" in 1975. ""Big Big Deal"" also preceded the formation of the second line-up of Harley's band Cockney Rebel.","Big Big Deal is a song by the British singer-songwriter Steve Harley, which was released as his debut, non-album solo single in 1974.",summarization Where did David Houseman go to college?,"Housman received his BA in 1966 and MA in 1971 from Brandeis University. As one of the first postdocs in the lab of Harvey Lodish at MIT, Housman showed that all mammalian proteins begin with a methionine residue transferred from a specific met-initiator tRNA. Between 1973 and 1975 he taught at the University of Toronto and was on the staff of the Ontario Cancer Institute. He joined the MIT faculty in 1975. In his lab at MIT, he mentored Jim Gusella and Daniel Haber.",David Houseman received his BA and MA in 1966 from Brandeis University.,closed_qa What is the spin of a quark?,"Fermions are one of the two fundamental classes of particles, the other being bosons. Fermion particles are described by Fermi–Dirac statistics and have quantum numbers described by the Pauli exclusion principle. They include the quarks and leptons, as well as any composite particles consisting of an odd number of these, such as all baryons and many atoms and nuclei. Fermions have half-integer spin; for all known elementary fermions this is 1⁄2. All known fermions except neutrinos, are also Dirac fermions; that is, each known fermion has its own distinct antiparticle. It is not known whether the neutrino is a Dirac fermion or a Majorana fermion. Fermions are the basic building blocks of all matter. They are classified according to whether they interact via the strong interaction or not. In the Standard Model, there are 12 types of elementary fermions: six quarks and six leptons.",Quarks have spin 1/2 because they are fermions.,information_extraction In what year was the evidence of an exoplanet first confirmed?,"An exoplanet or extrasolar planet is a planet outside the Solar System. The first possible evidence of an exoplanet was noted in 1917 but was not recognized as such. The first confirmation of detection occurred in 1992. A different planet, initially detected in 1988, was confirmed in 2003. As of 1 April 2023, there are 5,346 confirmed exoplanets in 3,943 planetary systems, with 855 systems having more than one planet. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to discover more exoplanets, and also much more about exoplanets, including composition, environmental conditions and potential for life.",The detection of an exoplanet was first confirmed in 1992,closed_qa What is Denville Station?,"Denville is an active commuter railroad train station in Denville Township, Morris County, New Jersey. Located on Estling Road, the station contains three side platforms–two curved low-level platforms that service New Jersey Transit's Morristown Line, and a third that services their Montclair-Boonton Line. Both platforms on the Morristown Line contain miniature high-level platforms for handicap accessibility. Trains on both lines operate between Hoboken Terminal, New York Penn Station and Hackettstown. Heading westbound, the next station is Dover while the next station east on the Morristown Line is Mount Tabor. The next station east on the Montclair-Boonton Line is Mountain Lakes.","Denville station is a commuter railroad station in Denville Township, Morris Country, New Jersey. It is supported by two lines, the New Jersey Morristown Line and the Montclair-Boonton Line. Trains on both of these lines operate between Hoboken Terminal, New York Penn Station and Hackettstown.",information_extraction How many large victories did Nelson have and what were the scores?,"The 1926–27 season was the 46th season in the history of Nelson Football Club and their sixth campaign as a professional club in the Football League. Nelson ended the season with a record of 22 wins, 7 draws and 13 defeats, helping the team to a total of 51 points. The team started the campaign well—winning six of the first nine matches—and lost only three matches during the first five months of the campaign. In the 1926–27 season, Nelson recorded several large victories, including a 7–0 win over Accrington Stanley and a 7–1 defeat of Crewe Alexandra. Nelson were consistently near the top of the league table throughout the campaign, but were never able to supplant Stoke City from the top position, and a run of six consecutive losses at the end of the season saw them finish in fifth-place in the league.","2 large wins, 7-0 and 7-1",information_extraction "What professional baseball team is based out of Seattle, WA.",,The Seatttle Mariners are part of the American League within Major League Baseball.,open_qa Write a summary of the outdoor activities to do in Colorado,,"There are many outdoor activities that you can do in Colorado year around. It is best to determine whether you want to participate in those activities during summer or winter. For summer outdoor activities, there are adventurous activities like hiking, mountain biking, whitewater rafting and fly-fishing. There are also many outdoor activities in the winter like downhill skiing, cross-country skiing, snowboarding, snowshoeing and snowmobiling. Regardless of the time of year, there are many outdoor activities that you can do in Colorado.",creative_writing Tell me some points about Foljk music using the given paragraph as a reference,"Folk music is a music genre that includes traditional folk music and the contemporary genre that evolved from the former during the 20th-century folk revival. Some types of folk music may be called world music. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways: as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers, music that is played on traditional instruments, music about cultural or national identity, music that changes between generations (folk process), music associated with a people's folklore, or music performed by custom over a long period of time. It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. The term originated in the 19th century, but folk music extends beyond that.","1. During the 20th century's folk revival, traditional folk music and the contemporary genre that resulted from it both fell under the umbrella term of folk music. 2. Some folk music subgenres may be referred to as world music. Traditional folk music has been described in a variety of ways, including as music that has been passed down orally, has unknown composers, is played on traditional instruments, is about cultural or national identity, changes between generations (folk process), is connected to a people's folklore, or is performed as part of long-standing custom. 3. It has been put in opposition to classical and commercial styles.",summarization What kind of language is Shauraseni Prakrit,"Shauraseni Prakrit (Sanskrit: शौरसेनी प्राकृत, Śaurasenī Prākṛta) was a Middle Indo-Aryan language and a Dramatic Prakrit. Shauraseni was the chief language used in drama in medieval northern India. Most of the material in this language originates from the 3rd to 10th centuries, though it was probably a spoken vernacular around the 2nd century BCE in the ancient state of Surasena. Among the Prakrits, Shauraseni is said to be the one most closely related to Classical Sanskrit in that it ""is derived from the Old Indian Indo-Aryan dialect of the Madhyadeśa on which Classical Sanskrit was mainly based."": 3–4  Its descendants include the languages of the Hindi Belt, the Central Zone of modern Indo-Aryan or Hindi languages, the standard registers of the Hindustani language based on the Delhi dialect.","Shauraseni Prakrit was a Middle Indo-Aryan language and a Dramatic Prakrit. Shauraseni was the chief language used in drama in medieval northern India. Most of the material in this language originates from the 3rd to 10th centuries, though it was probably a spoken vernacular around the 2nd century BCE in the ancient state of Surasena. Among the Prakrits, Shauraseni is said to be the one most closely related to Classical Sanskrit in that it is derived from the Old Indian Indo-Aryan dialect of the Madhyadesa on which Classical Sanskrit was mainly based. Its descendants include the languages of the Hindi Belt, the Central Zone of modern Indo-Aryan or Hindi languages, the standard registers of the Hindustani language based on the Delhi dialect.",summarization Who is Michael Jackson and what is he famous for?,,"Michael Jackson was a singer. He was famous for becoming known ""King of Pop""",open_qa What is the Dollarama?,"Dollarama is a Canadian dollar store retail chain headquartered in Montreal. Since 2009 it is Canada's biggest retailer of items for five dollars or less. Dollarama has over 1400 stores and is active in all Canada; Ontario has the most stores. History Rossy S Inc. The first all-dollar store was founded in Montreal in 1910 by Salim Rassy, a Lebanese immigrant, whose name became Rossy. His son George took over the retailer in 1937 and led the company until his death in 1973 when grandson Larry Rossy assumed leadership of it when it had 20 stores. Dollarama The discount retailer grew to 44 stores by 1992 which until then operated under the name Rossy S Inc. (not to be confused with Rossy Michael, a similar chain founded in 1949 by another son of Salim Rassy). That year, Larry Rossy opened the first Dollarama at the shopping centre ""Les promenades du St-Laurent"" in Matane. By the late 1990s, Dollarama had become by far the primary source of revenue for the Rossy family. As such, the Rossy S chain was discontinued by the turn of the new millennium, with all of its stores either closed or converted into Dollarama locations. After converting all the locations to the dollar store concept, Larry Rossy continued to open new stores reaching 1,000 stores in 2015. In November 2004, 80 percent of the chain was sold for $850 million US, to a private equity fund, Bain Capital, of Boston, Massachusetts.",Dollarama is a Canadian dollar store retail chain headquartered in Montreal. Since 2009 it is Canada's biggest retailer of items for five dollars or less.,information_extraction How many cents do I have if I have two nickels?,,"If you have two nickels, you have 10 cents.",open_qa "According to this paragraph, what is UVA's overall ranking among national universities?","U.S. News & World Report ranks UVA tied for 25th among national universities overall, 3rd among public universities and tied for 110th among global universities in its 2022 report, 8th best business program and 3rd best business management program.",UVA tied for 25th among national universities.,closed_qa Where is Przystań?,"Przystań [ˈpʂɨstaɲ] (German: Pristanien, from 1938-45 Passdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Węgorzewo, within Węgorzewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Węgorzewo and 89 km (55 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn. The village has a population of 80.",Przystań is a small village in Poland close to the Russia border. It has a population of 80,summarization What is Augusta National Golf Club?,"Augusta National Golf Club, sometimes referred to as Augusta or the National, is a golf club in Augusta, Georgia, United States. Unlike most private clubs which operate as non-profits, Augusta National is a for-profit corporation, and it does not disclose its income, holdings, membership list, or ticket sales. Founded by Bobby Jones and Clifford Roberts, the course was designed by Jones and Alister MacKenzie and opened for play in 1932. Since 1934, the club has played host to the annual Masters Tournament, one of the four men's major championships in professional golf, and the only major played each year at the same course. It was the top-ranked course in Golf Digest's 2009 list of America's 100 greatest courses and was the number ten-ranked course based on course architecture on Golfweek Magazine's 2011 list of best classic courses in the United States. In 2019, the course began co-hosting the Augusta National Women's Amateur with Champions Retreat Golf Club.","It is a for-profit, private golf club located in Augusta, Georgia. It opened in 1932 and hosts the Masters Tournament every year. It is a top-ranked course and does not disclose its earnings or member list.",summarization Who are the big six in EPL?,"The years following 2009 marked a shift in the structure of the ""Top Four"" with Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City both breaking into the top four places on a regular basis, turning the ""Top Four"" into the ""Big Six"". In the 2009–10 season, Tottenham finished fourth and became the first team to break the top four since Everton five years prior. Criticism of the gap between an elite group of ""super clubs"" and the majority of the Premier League has continued, nevertheless, due to their increasing ability to spend more than the other Premier League clubs. Manchester City won the title in the 2011–12 season, becoming the first club outside the ""Big Four"" to win since Blackburn Rovers in the 1994–95 season. That season also saw two of the ""Big Four"" (Chelsea and Liverpool) finish outside the top four places for the first time since that season. With only four UEFA Champions League qualifying places available in the league, greater competition for qualification now exists, albeit from a narrow base of six clubs. In the five seasons following the 2011–12 campaign, Manchester United and Liverpool both found themselves outside of the top four three times, while Chelsea finished 10th in the 2015–16 season. Arsenal finished 5th in 2016–17, ending their record run of 20 consecutive top-four finishes. In the 2015–16 season, the top four was breached by a non-Big Six side for the first time since Everton in 2005. Leicester City were the surprise winners of the league, qualifying for the Champions League as a result.","Arsenal, Liverpool, Manchester United, Chelsea, Manchester City and Tottenham are known as the big six in the English Premier League.",summarization Create a LinkedIn post for sharing the news of an achievement in company.,,"""Hello everyone, I am excited to share some great news! Our company has been chosen as a finalist for the esteemed XYZ award. I am so proud of our team's hard work and dedication that has led to this recognition. This wouldn't have been possible without the efforts of each and every one of us. Thank you for your continuous support and contributions towards our success. Let's keep up the momentum! #XYZaward #teamwork #hardworkpaysoff""",creative_writing Write a self introduction for a person named Cassie when speaking to a recruiter.,,Hi. It is great to meet you and thank you for giving me the opportunity to introduce myself. My name is Cassie and I am applying for a position at your company. I am very excited about this role and I believe I am a great fit. My previous job has given me a great deal of relevant experience in this field. I am also a big fan of your company and its mission. I would love to speak to the hiring manager about this role and go into more detail about why I am a good fit for this position.,creative_writing Who started Belu?,"Belu was founded in 2004 by film maker Reed Paget as a bottled water business with an aim to be an environmentally friendly alternative to other beverages on the market. Before launching Belu, Paget was a keen environmentalist in business communities, encouraging others in the drinks industry to consider the environmental impact of sourcing, manufacturing and packaging. Early stage investors in Belu included Body Shop co-founder Gordon Roddick, environmentalist Ben Goldsmith and hedge fund manager, Chris Cooper-Hohn",Reed Paget founded Belu in 2004.,information_extraction Who wrote Democracy in America?,,Alexis de Tocqueville wrote Democracy in America,open_qa What is the measure of electric potential?,"Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others. The presence of either a positive or negative electric charge produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. In most applications, a force acts on a charge with a magnitude given by Coulomb's law. Electric potential is typically measured in volts. Electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies, being used for: a. Electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment; b. Electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though progress in theoretical understanding remained slow until the 17th and 18th centuries. The theory of electromagnetism was developed in the 19th century, and by the end of that century electricity was being put to industrial and residential use by electrical engineers. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at this time transformed industry and society, becoming a driving force for the Second Industrial Revolution. Electricity's extraordinary versatility means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which include transport, heating, lighting, communications, and computation. Electrical power is now the backbone of modern industrial society.",Electric potential is typically measured in volts.,information_extraction What is Chichen Itza?,"Chichén Itzá (often spelled Chichen Itza in English and traditional Yucatec Maya) was a large pre-Columbian city built by the Maya people of the Terminal Classic period. The archeological site is located in Tinúm Municipality, Yucatán State, Mexico. Chichén Itzá was a major focal point in the Northern Maya Lowlands from the Late Classic (c. AD 600–900) through the Terminal Classic (c. AD 800–900) and into the early portion of the Postclassic period (c. AD 900–1200). The site exhibits a multitude of architectural styles, reminiscent of styles seen in central Mexico and of the Puuc and Chenes styles of the Northern Maya lowlands. The presence of central Mexican styles was once thought to have been representative of direct migration or even conquest from central Mexico, but most contemporary interpretations view the presence of these non-Maya styles more as the result of cultural diffusion. Chichén Itzá was one of the largest Maya cities and it was likely to have been one of the mythical great cities, or Tollans, referred to in later Mesoamerican literature. The city may have had the most diverse population in the Maya world, a factor that could have contributed to the variety of architectural styles at the site. The ruins of Chichén Itzá are federal property, and the site's stewardship is maintained by Mexico's Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (National Institute of Anthropology and History). The land under the monuments had been privately owned until 29 March 2010, when it was purchased by the state of Yucatán. Chichén Itzá is one of the most visited archeological sites in Mexico with over 2.6 million tourists in 2017.",Chichén Itzá was one of the largest Maya cities which was a major focal point around AD 900. It is now one of the most visited archeological sites in Mexico.,summarization What are the key functions of FDIC?,,"The FDIC insures deposits; examines and supervises financial institutions for safety, soundness, and consumer protection; makes large and complex financial institutions resolvable; and manages receiverships.",open_qa What is EDM?,,"EDM or Electronic Dance Music is a genre of Electronic music that is typically played at clubs, bars, pubs, and parties for groovy people to dance to while they have a great time.",open_qa "Given this reference text about beneficence, what can I do to ensure compliance to the beneficence concept?","Beneficence is a concept in research ethics that states that researchers should have the welfare of the research participant as a goal of any clinical trial or other research study. The antonym of this term, maleficence, describes a practice that opposes the welfare of any research participant. According to the Belmont Report, researchers are required to follow two moral requirements in line with the principle of beneficence: do not harm and maximize possible benefits for research while minimizing any potential harm on others. The concept that medical professionals and researchers would always practice beneficence seems natural to most patients and research participants, but in fact, every health intervention or research intervention has potential to harm the recipient. There are many different precedents in medicine and research for conducting a cost–benefit analysis and judging whether a certain action would be a sufficient practice of beneficence, and the extent to which treatments are acceptable or unacceptable is under debate. Despite differences in opinion, there are many concepts on which there is wide agreement. One is that there should be community consensus when determining best practices for dealing with ethical problems.","Ensure you are not harming your research participants, while maximizing benefits and minimizing any potential harm. Engage with your community to determine best practices when encountering ethical concerns. This should ensure your compliance with beneficence.",closed_qa What awards did Zach Edey win?,"On December 17, 2022, Edey became both the 55th player in Purdue's history to reach 1,000 career points and the 11th player in Purdue's history to reach 100 career blocks. During the 2022-23 season, Edey received Big Ten Player of the Week six times, tying the school record for most awards in a single season (Caleb Swanigan, 2016-17) and rising to second most all-time in men's basketball in the Big Ten (Evan Turner, 2010-11). At the close of the season, Edey was named the Big Ten Player of the Year and Sporting News National Player of the Year. He was also named a consensus first-team All-American.","Zach Edey won the following awards: - Big Ten Player of the Week (6x) - Big Ten Player of the Year - Sporting News National Player of the Year - consensus first-team All-American",information_extraction How is Praveen Babi remembered in Indian pop culture reference?,"Mahesh Bhatt, Babi's former partner, wrote and directed Arth (1982), a supposedly semi-autobiographical film about his relationship with Babi, and wrote and produced Woh Lamhe (2006) directed by his nephew Mohit Suri, based on his recollection and interpretation of his relationship with Babi and without any inputs from her. Designer Manish Malhotra said: ""Parveen Babi brought minimalism into fashion. She was always impeccable, not overdoing it even once.""",Praveen Babi was a fashion icon of India. She was always dressed to impress and brought minimalism into fashion. Her ex-boyfriend made a couple of movies about his relationship with her in the movies Arth and Woh Lamhe.,summarization Is Hainanese chicken rice a national dish of Singapore or Malaysia?,"Hainanese chicken rice is a dish of poached chicken and seasoned rice, served with chilli sauce and usually with cucumber garnishes. It was created by immigrants from Hainan in southern China and adapted from the Hainanese dish Wenchang chicken. It is considered one of the national dishes of Singapore and is most commonly associated with Singaporean cuisine, being widely available in most food courts and hawker centres around the country. Variants of the dish can also be seen throughout Southeast Asia, particularly in Malaysia and Thailand, where it remains a culinary staple. In a debate that stretches back decades to 1965, when the two countries split, Malaysia and Singapore have both laid claim to inventing the dish. In 2009, then Malaysian Tourism Minister Ng Yen Yen said that Hainanese chicken rice was ""uniquely Malaysian"" and had been ""hijacked"" by other countries. Ng later clarified that she was misquoted on her intention to patent the foods, and that a study on the origins of the foods would be conducted ""and an apology conveyed if it was wrongly claimed."" In 2018, then Malaysian Finance Minister Lim Guan Eng joked that Singapore claimed ""chicken rice is theirs (and) if we’re not careful, ‘char koay teow‘ will become theirs"" one day. The debate has been described as an example of gastronationalism.","The answer might differ depending on who is answering your question. Hainanese chicken rice is considered one of the national dishes of Singapore being widely available in most food courts and hawker centres around the country. Variants of the dish can also be seen throughout Southeast Asia, particularly in Malaysia where it remains a culinary staple.",closed_qa What criticism do people make about the death growl vocal technique?,"A death growl, or simply growl, is an extended vocal technique usually employed in extreme styles of music, particularly in death metal and other extreme subgenres of heavy metal music. Death growl vocals are sometimes criticized for their ""ugliness"", but their unintelligibility contributes to death metal's abrasive style and often dark and obscene subject matter.",The death growl vocal technique is described as having a harsh tone which is called ugly.,information_extraction "What is a Japanese dish of prepared rice, usually with some sugar and salt, accompanied by a variety of ingredients, such as seafood, often raw, and vegetables?","Sushi (すし, 寿司, 鮨, 鮓, pronounced [sɯɕiꜜ] or [sɯꜜɕi]) is a Japanese dish of prepared vinegared rice (鮨飯, sushi-meshi), usually with some sugar and salt, accompanied by a variety of ingredients (ねた, neta), such as seafood, often raw, and vegetables. Styles of sushi and its presentation vary widely, but the one key ingredient is ""sushi rice"", also referred to as shari (しゃり), or sumeshi (酢飯). The inventor of modern sushi is believed to be Hanaya Yohei, who invented nigiri-zushi, a type of sushi most known today, in which seafood is placed on hand-pressed vinegared rice, around 1824 in the Edo period (1603–1867). It was the fast food of the chōnin class in the Edo period. Sushi is traditionally made with medium-grain white rice, though it can be prepared with brown rice or short-grain rice. It is very often prepared with seafood, such as squid, eel, yellowtail, salmon, tuna or imitation crab meat. Many types of sushi are vegetarian. It is often served with pickled ginger (gari), wasabi, and soy sauce. Daikon radish or pickled daikon (takuan) are popular garnishes for the dish. Sushi is sometimes confused with sashimi, a similar dish in Japanese cuisine that consists of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat.",Sushi is the answer to the question.,closed_qa What does “that’s sus” mean?,,"“Sus” is slang for “suspicious” or “suspect” and the phrase is used by young people to express skepticism, as in “that new kid who started a fight is sus.”",open_qa Where are oysters found?,"Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. In some species, the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. Many, but not all oysters are in the superfamily Ostreoidea.",Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats.,closed_qa Without quoting directly from the text give me a summary of what a restricted Boltzmann machine is?,"A restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is a generative stochastic artificial neural network that can learn a probability distribution over its set of inputs. RBMs were initially invented under the name Harmonium by Paul Smolensky in 1986, and rose to prominence after Geoffrey Hinton and collaborators invented fast learning algorithms for them in the mid-2000. RBMs have found applications in dimensionality reduction, classification, collaborative filtering, feature learning, topic modelling and even many body quantum mechanics. They can be trained in either supervised or unsupervised ways, depending on the task. As their name implies, RBMs are a variant of Boltzmann machines, with the restriction that their neurons must form a bipartite graph: a pair of nodes from each of the two groups of units (commonly referred to as the ""visible"" and ""hidden"" units respectively) may have a symmetric connection between them; and there are no connections between nodes within a group. By contrast, ""unrestricted"" Boltzmann machines may have connections between hidden units. This restriction allows for more efficient training algorithms than are available for the general class of Boltzmann machines, in particular the gradient-based contrastive divergence algorithm. Restricted Boltzmann machines can also be used in deep learning networks. In particular, deep belief networks can be formed by ""stacking"" RBMs and optionally fine-tuning the resulting deep network with gradient descent and backpropagation.","A restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is a category of an artificial neural network invented by Paul Smolensky and popularized by Geoffrey Hinton. RBM's have been useful in various applications within the field of machine learning and can be trained in supervised and unsupervised ways. RBMS is a restricted variant of Boltzmann machines that constrains their neurons; a pair of nodes from each of the two groups of neurons, visible and hidden forming a bipartite graph. Connection can only be between two groups and not within groups (visible and hidden). This constrained formulation results in the ability to more efficiently train algorithms. RBM's can also be integrated into deep learning networks such as deep belief networks with options to fine tune those networks using gradient descent and backpropagation.",summarization What does bpa-free mean?,,BPA-Free refers to any plastics or other materials that do not contain any traces of Bisphenol-A. Most plastics including bottled waters use BPA-Free plastic because it has been shown when BPA plastics are exposed to heat that the BPA chemicals can leach into liquids and into food which people then ingest.,open_qa Can you please show some details regarding the comedy film Bjorck Family using given text as a reference,"The Bjorck Family (Swedish: Familjen Björck) is a 1940 Swedish comedy film directed by Anders Henrikson and starring Olof Winnerstrand, Frida Winnerstrand and Birgitta Arman. It was shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios in Stockholm. The film's sets were designed by the art director Arthur Spjuth. It was based on a radio show of the same name that ran from 1936 to 1943.","1. The 1940 Swedish comedy film The Bjorck Family, also known as Familjen Björck, was directed by Anders Henrikson and starred Olof Winnerstrand, Frida Winnerstrand, and Birgitta Arman. 2. It was filmed in Stockholm at Centrumateljéerna Studios. 3. Arthur Spjuth, the film's art director, created the sets. 4. It was based on the 1936–1943 radio programme of the same name.",summarization What is hidden at Oak Island?,"Oak Island has been a subject for treasure hunters ever since the late 1700s, with rumours that Captain Kidd's treasure was buried there. While there is little evidence to support what went on during the early excavations, stories began to be published and documented as early as 1856. Since that time there have been many theories that extend beyond that of Captain Kidd which include among others religious artifacts, manuscripts, and Marie Antoinette's jewels. The ""treasure"" has also been prone to criticism by those who have dismissed search areas as natural phenomena.","Oak Island is rumored to have Captain Kidd's treasure buried. However despite numerous excavation attempts over the past 100 years nothing has been discovered. There are other theories which claim religious artifacts, manuscripts, or Marie Antionette's jewels are hidden at Oak Island.",closed_qa "What is a ""love hotel""?","A love hotel is a type of short-stay hotel found around the world operated primarily for the purpose of allowing guests privacy for sexual activities. The name originates from ""Hotel Love"" in Osaka, which was built in 1968 and had a rotating sign. Although love hotels exist all over the world, the term ""love hotel"" is often used to refer specifically to those located within Japan.",A love hotel is a type of short-stay hotel found around the world operated primarily for the purpose of allowing guests privacy for sexual activities.,closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Bleak or Weary,,Bleak,classification When do schools close and reopen from summer holidays in India?,"Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary. Many families will take holidays for a week or two over summer, particularly in Southern Hemisphere Western countries with statutory Christmas and New Year holidays. In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August. In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August. Similarly, in Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August. In the Southern Hemisphere, school summer holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year. In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June. In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October.","In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June.",information_extraction How was basketball was invented?,"Basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, by Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith as a less injury-prone sport than football. Naismith was a 31-year old graduate student when he created the indoor sport to keep athletes indoors during the winters.","Basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, by Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith as a less injury-prone sport than football. Naismith was a 31-year old graduate student when he created the indoor sport to keep athletes indoors during the winters. The game became established fairly quickly and grew very popular as the 20th century progressed, first in America and then in other parts of the world. After basketball became established in American colleges, the professional game followed. The American National Basketball Association (NBA), established in 1946, grew to a multibillion-dollar enterprise by the end of the century, and basketball became an integral part of American culture.",summarization Extract the total number of employees in 2021 at Westpac Bank in Australia?,"Type Public Traded as ASX: WBC NZX: WBC S&P/ASX 200 component Industry Banking Financial services Predecessor Bank of New South Wales Commercial Bank of Australia Founded 8 April 1817 (as the Bank of New South Wales) 4 May 1982 (as Westpac Banking Corporation) Headquarters Westpac Place Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Area served Worldwide Key people John McFarlane (Chairman) Peter King (CEO) Products Finance and insurance, consumer banking, corporate banking, investment banking, investment management, global wealth management, private equity, mortgages, credit cards Operating income Increase A$21.22 billion (2021) Net income Increase A$5.46 billion (2021) Total assets Increase A$935.88 billion (2021) Total equity Increase A$72.09 billion (2021) Number of employees 40,143 (2021) Subsidiaries St George Bank BankSA Bank of Melbourne Westpac New Zealand Website westpac.com.au westpac.co.nz","40,143 people",information_extraction Which electric vehicle company does Elon Musk own?,,Elon Musk owns the EV company called Tesla which is named after the famous scientist,open_qa What are some things to consider when going to a theme park?,,It is important to thing about what the weather may be like before going to a theme park. If it is raining you might want to plan by wearing a rain jacket and also consider some of the roller coaster rides may not be operational during this kind of weather. You also need to consider things like sun screen and hydration if the weather is going to be hot and sunny. Bug spray for mosquitos is also another important item if the weather is humid. Prepare a list of questions or things to bring before you travel to a theme park and you will be better prepared when you get there.,open_qa Extract the two main component of C++ in a bulleted list based on this passage.,"The C++ language has two main components: a direct mapping of hardware features provided primarily by the C subset, and zero-overhead abstractions based on those mappings. Stroustrup describes C++ as ""a light-weight abstraction programming language for building and using efficient and elegant abstractions""; and ""offering both hardware access and abstraction is the basis of C++. Doing it efficiently is what distinguishes it from other languages."" C++ inherits most of C's syntax.","-direct mapping of hardware features provided primarily by the C subset -zero-overhead abstractions based on those mappings",information_extraction "From the paragraph about the painting, ""The Little Street"", tell me the painting's significance with reference to the Dutch Golden Age in that period.","The Little Street (Het Straatje) is a painting by the Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer, executed c. 1657-1658. It is exhibited at the Rijksmuseum of Amsterdam, and signed, below the window in the lower left-hand corner, ""I V MEER"".","Vermeer's ""The Little Street"" is significant in the context of the Dutch Golden Age movement as it depicts a typical aspect of life in a Dutch Golden Age town during the 17th century. It is one of only two known Vermeer paintings of views of Delft, the others being ""View of Delft"". Its attention to detail, the use of light, and the realistic portrayal of everyday life are characteristic of the Dutch Golden Age movement's focus on realism and domesticity in art.",closed_qa "Given this summarized version of the Legend of the Christmas Spider, what turned the spider webs into precious metals?","A poor but hardworking widow once lived in a small hut with her children. One summer day, a pine cone fell on the earthen floor of the hut and took root. The widow's children cared for the tree, excited at the prospect of having a Christmas tree by winter. The tree grew, but when Christmas Eve arrived, they could not afford to decorate it. The children sadly went to bed and fell asleep. Early the next morning, they woke up and saw the tree covered with cobwebs. When they opened the windows, the first rays of sunlight touched the webs and turned them into gold and silver. The widow and her children were overjoyed. From then on, they never lived in poverty again.","The first rays of sunlight, after touching the webs, turned them into gold and silver.",closed_qa What is GDPR?,"The General Data Protection Regulation (2016/679, ""GDPR"") is a Regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy in the EU and the European Economic Area (EEA). The GDPR is an important component of EU privacy law and of human rights law, in particular Article 8(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. It also addresses the transfer of personal data outside the EU and EEA areas. The GDPR's primary aim is to enhance individuals' control and rights over their personal data and to simplify the regulatory environment for international business. Superseding the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC, the regulation contains provisions and requirements related to the processing of personal data of individuals, formally called ""data subjects"", who are located in the EEA, and applies to any enterprise—regardless of its location and the data subjects' citizenship or residence—that is processing the personal information of individuals inside the EEA.","GDPR stands for the General Data Protection Regulation. In EU law, GDPR aims to protect certain personal data and ensure its privacy. The goal of GDPR is give individuals greater control over their personal data.",summarization What is Barkers Butts RFC?,,"Barkers Butts RFC (Rugby Football Club) is a rugby union club in the north west of Coventry, England. It is over 75 years old and operates four senior teams including a ladies team, a Colts team, a full range of boy and girls teams from Under 6s to Under 16s. The first XV currently play in Midlands 2 West (South), a seventh tier league in the English rugby union system. When the league system was established in 1987, Barkers Butts was placed in the fifth tier, playing in Midlands 1 and were runners up in the first season (1987-88). They finished in second place twice more (1990–91 and 1992–93) but were relegated from tier 5, then called Courage League Division 5, after the 1994-95 season. Subsequently, they have alternated between the sixth and seventh levels. Barkers Butts has produced several notable international players including one World Cup winner in Neil Back. Other recent mens' internationals include Tom Wood and Jim Hamilton. Barkers currently have two players in the England Women U20s squad.",open_qa "When was the ""No, They Can't"" book released?","No, They Can't: Why Government Fails – But Individuals Succeed is a 2012 book by John Stossel, the American consumer reporter, investigative journalist, author and libertarian columnist. It was published on April 10, 2012, and focuses on what Stossel sees as the failures of government intervention.","The book ""No, They Can't"" was published on April 10, 2012.",summarization Who was the first actor to play the Joker on the Batman television series?,"César Julio Romero Jr. (February 15, 1907 – January 1, 1994) was an American actor and activist. He was active in film, radio, and television for almost sixty years. His wide range of screen roles included Latin lovers, historical figures in costume dramas, characters in light domestic comedies, and the Joker on the Batman television series, which was included in TV Guide's 2013 list of The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time. He was the first actor to play the character.",César Julio Romero Jr. played was the first actor to play the Joker.,information_extraction Extract and list the Barcelona players in the passage that came from the club's youth academy,"Barcelona is one of the most widely supported teams in the world, and the club has one of the largest social media following in the world among sports teams. Barcelona players have won a record twelve Ballon d'Or awards, with recipients including Johan Cruyff, as well as a record seven FIFA World Player of the Year awards, with winners including Romário, Ronaldo, Rivaldo and Ronaldinho. In 2010, three players who came through the club's youth academy (Lionel Messi, Andrés Iniesta and Xavi) were chosen as the three best players in the world in the FIFA Ballon d'Or awards, an unprecedented feat for players from the same football academy. Additionally, players representing the club have won a record eight European Golden Shoe awards.","Lionel Messi, Andrés Iniesta and Xavi",information_extraction Explain why Key West is a great location for a vacation.,,"Key West is a great place to go for various reasons. It provides a lot of the same allure that the Caribbean offers, however, still remains within the US. Therefore, you do not have to worry about a passport, customs, or anything that deals with traveling internationally. It sits as an island off the coast of mainland Florida and has some of the clearest blue water. While it is an island and has several beaches, it also has a great downtown. Duvall street specifically is filled with restaurants, bars, shops and other attractions for tourists. It is a ton of fun and has something for everyone. For some people who just want to sit near the water and relax, its great for that - for someone who likes to be active and enjoy going out at night it has that as well. With so many options, it's a great destination for couples as well as groups of people depending on the occasion. Between everything mentioned and not having to worry about going through customs, forgetting your passport (or anything else that can happen when traveling internationally), etc - Key West serves as a relatively lower maintenance excursion, while reaping the same benefits as going somewhere tropical.",creative_writing Why you should sleep at least 7 hours,,Because your body need rest minimum 7 hours to operate properly everyday,brainstorming "What is Emotional Quotient (EQ)/Emotional Intelligence, and why is it a critical trait for leaders to possess?",,"Emotional Quotient (EQ), also referred to as Emotional Intelligence, has been defined to mean the levels of self awareness, self management, social awareness, and relationship management, that an individual has. High levels of all of these 4 EQ traits are important qualities for a effective managers. Essentially, someone with high EQ is very aware of how they are perceived, but just as importantly, they have an innate ability to discern others' feelings and motivations. Leaders with high EQ are interested in learning about what makes their employees tick, and they are aware that many people have completely different motivations. For example, a manager with high EQ understands that even though they may not personally be motivated primarily by receiving positive feedback, that if someone on their team becomes extremely motivated by praise for a job well done, they must make sure they are regularly delivering the kudos that employee thrives on. In the past, there was a lot of focus on IQ, and while that can be a quality of a good manager, it is often more of the 'intangibles' of EQ and other personality traits that define an inspirational leader.",open_qa "Given the numerous awards in Major League Baseball, what is the Willie Mays World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award?","The Willie Mays World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award is given to the Major League Baseball (MLB) player deemed to have the most impact on his team's performance in the World Series, which is the final round of the MLB postseason. The award was first presented in 1955 as the SPORT Magazine Award, but is now decided during the final game of the Series by a committee of reporters and officials present at the game. On September 29, 2017, it was renamed in honor of Willie Mays in remembrance of the 63rd anniversary of The Catch, which occurred the year prior to the award's debut; Mays never won the award himself.",The Willie Mays World Series Most Valuable Player Award is given to the Major League Baseball player deemed to have the most impact on his team's performance in the World Series.,closed_qa Who was Andrew Weatherall,"Andrew James Weatherall (6 April 1963 – 17 February 2020) was an English musician, DJ, songwriter, producer and remixer. His career took him from being one of the key DJs in the acid house movement of the late 1980s to being a remixer of tracks by the likes of Happy Mondays, New Order, Björk, the Orb, the Future Sound of London and My Bloody Valentine. His production work on Primal Scream's album Screamadelica, adding samples, loops and creating an influential mix of hard rock, house and rave, helped the record win the first ever Mercury Music Prize in 1992 and become one of the most celebrated albums of the 1990s.","Andrew James Weatherall (6 April 1963 – 17 February 2020) was an English musician, DJ, songwriter, producer and remixer. His career took him from being one of the key DJs in the acid house movement of the late 1980s to being a remixer of tracks by the likes of Happy Mondays, New Order, Bjork, the Orb, the Future Sound of London and My Bloody Valentine. His production work on Primal Scream's album Screamadelica, adding samples, loops and creating an influential mix of hard rock, house and rave, helped the record win the first ever Mercury Music Prize in 1992 and become one of the most celebrated albums of the 1990s.",summarization Explain how a Justice is appointed to the US Supreme Court,"Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution, known as the Appointments Clause, empowers the president to nominate and, with the confirmation (advice and consent) of the United States Senate, to appoint public officials, including justices of the Supreme Court. This clause is one example of the system of checks and balances inherent in the Constitution. The president has the plenary power to nominate, while the Senate possesses the plenary power to reject or confirm the nominee. The Constitution sets no qualifications for service as a justice, thus a president may nominate anyone to serve, and the Senate may not set any qualifications or otherwise limit who the president can choose.",The US President nominates a Supreme Court judge who subsequently has to be confirmed by the US Senate.,summarization What is a mirepoix?,,"A mirepoix is rooted in French cooking but used widely across many cuisines. It consists of equal amounts of small, diced carrots, onions, and celery. A mirepoix if often used in soup making as a fundamental component that adds flavor while enhances other flavors.",open_qa What is cloud computing?,,"Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of IT resources over the Internet with pay-as-you-go pricing. Instead of buying, owning, and maintaining physical data centers and servers, you can access technology services, such as computing power, storage, and databases, on an as-needed basis from a cloud provider like Amazon Web Services (AWS).",brainstorming When is Thai New Year?,,"Thai New Year, is also known as Songkran, is celebrated on Thailand between April 13-15 every year.",open_qa Tell me about cockney rhyming slang,,"Cockney rhyming slang is most closely associated with East London in England. It dates back to the 19th century. It works like this: A word or phrase is replaced by another word or phrase that rhymes with it. For example instead of saying the word ""face"" you would say ""boat race"". The rhyming phrase is often longer than the original word and so the rhyme gets abbreviated. In our example ""boat race"" becomes ""boat"". So a sentence might become ""you should have seen the look on their boat"" instead of ""you should have seen the look on their face"". Another example might be ""I'm off up the apple and pears to go to me Uncle Ned"" - ""I'm going upstairs to go to bed"".",open_qa "Given this paragraph about Pandora, what was the initial group name of Pandora musical group?","Pandora is a female Mexican singing trio. The trio was formed in 1981 under the name Trebol by sisters Isabel Lascurain and Mayte Lascurain and their cousin Fernanda Meade. The trio was renamed ""Pandora"" upon signing with EMI Records in 1984.",The original name of Pandora musical group was Trebol.,closed_qa Who is Muhammad Ejaz Shafi,"Muhammad Ejaz Shafi is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from 2002 to May 2018. Early life and education He was born on 1 May 1969 in Khanpur. He has the degree of the Bachelor of Arts. Political career He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q) from Constituency PP-290 (Rahimyar Khan-VI) in 2002 Pakistani general election. He received 22,531 votes and defeated a candidate of Pakistan Awami Tehrik. He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of PML-Q from Constituency PP-290 (Rahimyar Khan-VI) in 2008 Pakistani general election. He received 24,751 votes and defeated a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party. He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) from Constituency PP-290 (Rahimyar Khan-VI) in 2013 Pakistani general election.","Muhammad Ejaz Shafi is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from 2002 to May 2018. He was born on 1 May 1969 in Khanpur.",summarization What are the primary causes of inflation?,,"It is common for currency value to decline when the amount of money in an economy (the money supply) increases too rapidly. Most economists believe an increased money supply monetary inflation causes the price of goods and services to increase over a longer period of time. However, they disagree on causes over a shorter period of time.",open_qa The reduction in wild grain populations lead to what type of crop being cultivated?,"Around 4000 BCE, the Saharan climate started to become drier at an exceedingly fast pace. This climate change caused lakes and rivers to shrink significantly and caused increasing desertification. This, in turn, decreased the amount of land conducive to settlements and encouraged migrations of farming communities to the more tropical climate of West Africa. During the first millennium BCE, a reduction in wild grain populations related to changing climate conditions facilitated the expansion of farming communities and the rapid adoption of rice cultivation around the Niger River.",The reduction in wild grain populations lead to the rapid adoption of rice cultivation around the Niger River.,closed_qa Why do people like soccer?,,"People like soccer as it is a creative worldwide game. Unlike other sports that have frequent stoppages and timeouts soccer has two 45 minute halves. On top of that it is a very creative sport as it requires 11 team members to work in union to achieve a common goal. Everybody can play soccer no matter your age or athletic level so it is extremely appealing to many. Additionally, unlike other sports that require significant associated cost, soccer is rather cheap, all you need is a ball.",open_qa "Using this passage, extract all the years associated with the area.","In 1872 the Boundary Commission travelled through this area while surveying the border between Canada and the United States. During the 1874 March West trek of the North-West Mounted Police, the force established its first camp (called Short Creek Camp) at this location. The community began being served by the Soo Line in 1893, permitting the coal mines in the region to become operational. Roche Percée incorporated as a village on January 12, 1909.","1872, 1874, 1893, 1909",information_extraction "With the given passage as a reference, write some details about Popelogan River","The Popelogan River is a tributary of the Eastern shore Upsalquitch River, flowing particularly through the Addington Parish, in Restigouche County, in the Northwest the New Brunswick, in Canada. In his course to the south, the Popelogan river flows through a valley increasingly deep in the mountainous terrain. Its main tributaries are the Gordon Brook and the ""Lake Popelogan Branch"" which supplies at Popelogan Lake. A forest road serves the upper part of the river, from Popelogan Depot.","1. The Popelogan River is a tributary of the Upsalquitch River on the eastern shore of Canada's New Brunswick, mainly passing through the Addington Parish in Restigouche County. 2. The Popelogan river travels through a valley in the steep terrain that gets deeper as it moves south. The Gordon Brook and the ""Lake Popelogan Branch,"" which supplies Popelogan Lake, are its principal tributaries. 3. Popelogan Depot provides access to the upper half of the river via a woodland road.",summarization Who was the Italian dictator responsible for introducing fascism to Italy and joining the Axis in World War 2?,,Benito Mussolini,open_qa What is ABAP?,,A programming language for developing applications for the SAP,open_qa Why do people work out at the gym?,,"People work out at the gym for a number of reasons: to lose weight, stay healthy, body building competitions, learning about fitness, becoming a trainer, group fit classes, and fitness socializing / friendship. The most common reason is most likely weight loss. Getting in a gym for this reason is a great way to stay motivated because you see people around you who are also doing the same thing as you to lose weight. This community of people will be able to give you the support system needed to be successful in a short or long term weight loss journey too.",open_qa "Who directed Terror Mountain, a American silent Western film?","Terror Mountain is a 1928 American silent Western film directed by Louis King and written by Frank Howard Clark and Helen Gregg. The film stars Tom Tyler, Jane Reid, Al Ferguson, Jules Cowles and Frankie Darro. The film was released on August 19, 1928, by Film Booking Offices of America. It was also released as Terror and Tom's Vacation.",Louis King is a director of the film.,summarization What is a verb?,,"A verb is a word that describes what the subject of a sentence is doing. Verbs can indicate (physical or mental) actions, occurrences, and states of being.",open_qa What are Singapore's official languages?,"Singapore (/ˈsɪŋ(ɡ)əpɔːr/ (listen)), officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor to the north. The country's territory is composed of one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet; the combined area of these has increased by 25% since the country's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects. It has the third highest population density in the world. With a multicultural population and recognising the need to respect cultural identities of the major ethnic groups within the nation, Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. English is the lingua franca and numerous public services are available only in English. Multi-racialism is enshrined in the constitution and continues to shape national policies in education, housing, and politics.","The four official languages of Singapore are English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil.",information_extraction Summarize the following Wikipedia entry in three sentences.,"Seinfeld (/ˈsaɪnfɛld/ SYNE-feld) is an American television sitcom created by Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld. It aired on NBC from July 5, 1989, to May 14, 1998, over nine seasons and 180 episodes. It stars Seinfeld as a fictionalized version of himself and focuses on his personal life with three of his friends: best friend George Costanza (Jason Alexander), former girlfriend Elaine Benes (Julia Louis-Dreyfus) and his neighbor from across the hall, Cosmo Kramer (Michael Richards). It is set mostly in an apartment building in Manhattan's Upper West Side in New York City. It has been described as ""a show about nothing"", often focusing on the minutiae of daily life. Interspersed in earlier episodes are moments of stand-up comedy from the fictional Jerry Seinfeld, frequently using the episode's events for material. As a rising comedian in the late 1980s, Jerry Seinfeld was presented with an opportunity to create a show with NBC. He asked Larry David, a fellow comedian and friend, to help create a premise for a sitcom. The series was produced by West-Shapiro Productions and Castle Rock Entertainment and distributed by Columbia Pictures Television.[nb 1] It was largely written by David and Seinfeld, with script writers who included Larry Charles, Peter Mehlman, Gregg Kavet, Carol Leifer, David Mandel, Jeff Schaffer, Steve Koren, Jennifer Crittenden, Tom Gammill, Max Pross, Dan O'Keefe, Charlie Rubin, Marjorie Gross, Alec Berg, Elaine Pope and Spike Feresten. A favorite among critics, the series led the Nielsen ratings in Seasons 6 and 9 and finished among the top two (with NBC's ER) every year from 1994 to 1998. Only two other shows – I Love Lucy and The Andy Griffith Show – have finished their runs at the top of the ratings. Seinfeld is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential sitcoms of all time. It has been ranked among television's best shows in publications such as Entertainment Weekly, Rolling Stone and TV Guide. Its most renowned episodes include ""The Chinese Restaurant"", ""The Soup Nazi"", ""The Parking Garage"", ""The Marine Biologist"" and ""The Contest"". In 2013, the Writers Guild of America voted it the No. 2 Best-Written TV Series of All Time (second to The Sopranos). E! named it the ""Number 1 reason the '90s ruled"", and quotes from numerous episodes have become catchphrases in popular culture.","Seinfeld was an American television sitcom created by Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David, which ran for 9 seasons on NBC from July 5, 1989 - May 14, 1998. Seinfeld is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential sitcoms of all times and is one of only two other shows -- I love Lucy an The Andy Griffith Show -- to have finished their runs at the top of the ratings. It has often been described as ""a show about nothing"" that focuses on teh minituae of daily life.",summarization "Given these paragraphs about Large language models, what are ""emergent abilities""?","A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks. Properties Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design. Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to ""memorize"" a great quantity of facts during training. Hallucinations Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence) In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a ""hallucination"" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data. Emergent abilities On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities. Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called ""emergent abilities"". Researchers note that such abilities ""cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models"". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs. Architecture and training Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or ""filling in the blanks"", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus. The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens. LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million. A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters). Application to downstream tasks Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via ""prompting"" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions. Fine-tuning Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning) Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be ""frozen"", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen). Prompting See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing) In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In ""few-shot prompting"", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows: Review: This movie stinks. Sentiment: negative Review: This movie is fantastic! Sentiment: If the model outputs ""positive"", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be ""The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is"". Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering. Instruction tuning Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt ""Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet."" might provide a completion such as ""A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17."" In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, ""self-instruct"", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model","Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called ""emergent abilities"". Researchers note that such abilities ""cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models"". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed.",closed_qa "Which of the following wars took place in the twentieth century: World War II, American Revolution, French Revolution, Hundred Years War, and the Vietnam War?",,World War II and the Vietnam war took place in the twentieth century.,classification Tell me when did the Borussia Dortmund found?,"Ballspielverein Borussia 09 e. V. Dortmund, commonly known as Borussia Dortmund (German pronunciation: [boˈʁʊsi̯aː ˈdɔɐ̯tmʊnt] (listen)), BVB (pronounced [beːfaʊ̯ˈbeː] (listen)), or simply Dortmund (pronounced [ˈdɔʁtmʊnt] (listen)), is a German professional sports club based in Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia. It is best known for its men's professional football team, which plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system. The club have won eight league championships, five DFB-Pokals, one UEFA Champions League, one Intercontinental Cup, and one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. Founded in 1909 by eighteen football players from Dortmund, the football team is part of a large membership-based sports club with more than 145,000 members, making Borussia Dortmund the second largest sports club by membership in Germany. The club has active departments in other sports, namely in women's handball. Since 1974, Dortmund have played their home games at Westfalenstadion; the stadium is the largest in Germany, and Dortmund has the highest average attendance of any association football club in the world.",Founded in 1909,closed_qa List down some facts regarding the Republican Party of Arkansas from given text,"The Republican Party of Arkansas (RPA), headquartered at 1201 West 6th Street in downtown Little Rock, is the affiliate of the Republican Party in Arkansas. It is currently the dominant party in the state, controlling all four of Arkansas' U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, all statewide executive offices, including the governorship, and supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.","1. The Republican Party in Arkansas is affiliated with the Republican Party of Arkansas (RPA), which has its headquarters at 1201 West 6th Street in downtown Little Rock. 2. It currently holds the majority in the state. 3. Possessing supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature and control of all four U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, all statewide executive positions, and the governorship.",summarization When does tropical cyclone season occur in the Southern Hemisphere?,"Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather, while in other places (particularly in Eastern Asia because of the monsoon) it is associated with rainy weather. The wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the savanna climate regime. Where the wet season is associated with a seasonal shift in the prevailing winds, it is known as a monsoon. In the northern Atlantic Ocean, a distinct tropical cyclone season occurs from 1 June to 30 November. The statistical peak of the Atlantic hurricane season is 10 September. The Northeast Pacific Ocean has a broader period of activity, but in a similar timeframe to the Atlantic. The Northwest Pacific sees tropical cyclones year-round, with a minimum in February and March and a peak in early September. In the North Indian basin, storms are most common from April to December, with peaks in May and November. In the Southern Hemisphere, the tropical cyclone season runs from the start of November until the end of April with peaks in mid-February to early March. Thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada runs in the spring through summer but sometimes can run as late as October or even November in the fall. These storms can produce hail, strong winds and tornadoes, usually during the afternoon and evening.","In the Southern Hemisphere, the tropical cyclone season runs from the start of November until the end of April with peaks in mid-February to early March.",information_extraction Why was Advani concerned about Modi’s appointment as a chief minister of Gujarat?,"In 2001, Keshubhai Patel's health was failing and the BJP lost a few state assembly seats in by-elections. Allegations of abuse of power, corruption and poor administration were made, and Patel's standing had been damaged by his administration's handling of the earthquake in Bhuj in 2001. The BJP national leadership sought a new candidate for the chief ministership, and Modi, who had expressed misgivings about Patel's administration, was chosen as a replacement. Although Advani did not want to ostracise Patel and was concerned about Modi's lack of experience in government, Modi declined an offer to be Patel's deputy chief minister, telling Advani and Atal Bihari Vajpayee that he was ""going to be fully responsible for Gujarat or not at all"". On 3 October 2001 he replaced Patel as chief minister of Gujarat, with the responsibility of preparing the BJP for the December 2002 elections. On 7 October, he was sworn in, and entered the Gujarat state legislature on 24 February 2002 by winning a by-election to the Rajkot – II constituency, defeating Ashwin Mehta of the INC.","For Modi being a candidate for the chief minister of Gujarat, Advani was concerned about Modi’s lack of political experience.",closed_qa What is geospatial data?,,"Geographic data and information, also known as geospatial data, is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location relative to Earth (a geographic location or geographic position). It is also called geospatial data and information,[citation needed] georeferenced data and information,[citation needed] as well as geodata and geoinformation.[citation needed] Approximately 90% of government sourced data has a location component. Location information (known by the many names mentioned here) is stored in a geographic information system (GIS). There are also many different types of geodata, including vector files, raster files, geographic databases, web files, and multi-temporal data. Spatial data or spatial information is broader class of data whose geometry is relevant but it is not necessarily georeferenced, such as in computer-aided design (CAD), see geometric modeling.",open_qa "Which of these are different types of renewable energy resources? Geothermal, Hydro, Machine, Solar, Star, Wind, biomass.",,"The following are different types of renewable energy resources: Geothermal, Hydro, Solar, Wind and Biomass.",classification "Which of the following are types of real estate assets: single family homes, multi-family homes, apartments, condos, townhomes, rocks, dirt, cars, diamonds, gold, land, water, doors.",,"Real estate assets are typically land or improvements made on top of land. From the list, this includes single family homes, multi-family homes, apartments, condos, townhomes, and land.",classification What are few things that could impact your EV range on long trips,,"1) Weather can be a big factor. For days that are extremely hot or cold you'll be running the AC or Heater respectively and that could be a big drain on the battery 2) And this could get unexpectedly get worse if you are stuck in a traffic jam since you are not able to gain much distance while draining battery to AC or Heather 3) Rain can also lead to faster battery drain where you'll need to run the defogger as well as windshield wipers. 4) Additional load. If you are planning on taking heavy load like camping equipment, bicycles it drains the battery faster.",brainstorming What are some of the benefits of first-mover advantage?,"In marketing strategy, first-mover advantage (FMA) is the competitive advantage gained by the initial (""first-moving"") significant occupant of a market segment. First-mover advantage enables a company or firm to establish strong brand recognition, customer loyalty, and early purchase of resources before other competitors enter the market segment. First movers in a specific industry are almost always followed by competitors that attempt to capitalize on the first movers' success. These followers are also aiming to gain market share; however, most of the time the first-movers will already have an established market share, with a loyal customer base that allows them to maintain their market share.","First-mover advantage may enable a company or firm to gain competitive advantage by establishing customer loyalty, strong brand recognition, and early purchase of inputs before other competitors enter the market.",summarization Who is the author of the Sound and the Fury,,The Sound and the Fury is written by William Faulkner,open_qa is customer service a great career,,yes,open_qa "Who's the protagonist in the book ""Gone with the wind""",,Scarlett O Hara,open_qa "given the following text, tell me the most popular method for training multi-layer perceptrons today and explain how it works","Today, the most popular method for training multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) is back-propagation. The terminology ""back-propagating errors"" was introduced in 1962 by Frank Rosenblatt, but he did not know how to implement this, although Henry J. Kelley had a continuous precursor of backpropagation already in 1960 in the context of control theory. Modern backpropagation is actually Seppo Linnainmaa's general reverse mode of automatic differentiation (1970) for discrete connected networks of nested differentiable functions. It is an efficient application of the chain rule (derived by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1673) to networks of differentiable nodes. In 1982, Paul Werbos applied backpropagation to MLPs in the way that has become standard. In 1985, David E. Rumelhart et al. published an experimental analysis of the technique. Many improvements have been implemented in subsequent decades. During backpropagation, the output values are compared with the correct answer to compute the value of some predefined error-function. The error is then fed back through the network. Using this information, the algorithm adjusts the weights of each connection in order to reduce the value of the error function by some small amount. After repeating this process for a sufficiently large number of training cycles, the network will usually converge to some state where the error of the calculations is small. In this case, one would say that the network has learned a certain target function. To adjust weights properly, one applies a general method for non-linear optimization that is called gradient descent, due to Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who first suggested it in 1847. For this, the network calculates the derivative of the error function with respect to the network weights, and changes the weights such that the error decreases (thus going downhill on the surface of the error function). For this reason, back-propagation can only be applied on networks with differentiable activation functions.","Today, the most popular method for training multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) is back-propagation. During backpropagation, the output values are compared with the correct answer to compute the value of some predefined error-function. The error is then fed back through the network. Using this information, the algorithm adjusts the weights of each connection in order to reduce the value of the error function by a small amount. After repeating this process for a sufficiently large number of training cycles, the network will usually converge to a state where the error of the calculations is small. In this case, one would say that the network has learned a certain target function",closed_qa What year did the hindenburg disaster occur?,,"The Hindenburg disaster occurred on May 6, 1937, when the Hindenburg airship caught fire and was destroyed during its attempt to dock with its mooring mast at Naval Air Station Lakehurst.",open_qa "Write a paragraph highlighting the rise of cyber crime, and the vulnerability of people who are unaware of the risks (or careless), and end the note with a single line on suggested steps.",,"We live in a digital age. Whilebmost humans have used the internet or a digitally connected application atleast once in their lifetime, many people are perennially online. This includes scenarios of office workers working from home, or students attending courses and seminars online. People often blindly trust technology blindly, and consequently all their passwords, credit card information, social security and other personally identifiable information is available on their computers and mobile devices. This provides new opportunities for hackers, and cyber crime has become a major menace to the digital economy, as more rogue operators realise it is an easy way to make money. Apart from having robust laws, we need to educate all users to be aware of the risks and take adequate precautions including using a virtual private network, using tough-to-guess passwords, and more.",creative_writing Write down some points on Yugoslav Cup using given paragraph as a base.,"The Yugoslav Cup was a tournament for which clubs from all tiers of the football pyramid were eligible to enter. In addition, amateur teams put together by individual Yugoslav People's Army garrisons and various factories and industrial plants were also encouraged to enter, which meant that each cup edition could have several thousands of teams in its preliminary stages. These teams would play through a number of qualifying rounds before reaching the first round proper, in which they would be paired with top-flight teams.","1. Clubs from all levels of the football pyramid were eligible to participate in the Yugoslav Cup. 2. Additionally, amateur teams assembled by numerous enterprises and industrial plants as well as individual Yugoslav People's Army garrisons were encouraged to compete, which meant that each cup edition may include thousands of teams in its preliminary rounds. 3. Prior to the first round proper, where they would be partnered with top-flight teams, these teams would compete in a number of qualification rounds.",summarization Where is WIOO served to license?,"WIOO (1000 AM), known as ""Country Gold FM & AM"", WIOO is a commercial AM radio station licensed to serve Carlisle, Pennsylvania. The call sign stands for the station's former long-time branding, ""W-100,"" referring to its position on the AM dial. WIOO has aired a ""country gold"" format for the past 21 years, playing country music from approximately 5–50 years ago. The station is affiliated with Westwood One, and with Motor Racing Network, and Performance Racing Network for extensive NASCAR coverage. WIOO is a ""daytimer"", broadcasting at full power from local sunrise to local sunset, and at reduced power from local sunset until 45 minutes later (during ""critical hours""), after which it signs off to protect clear channel station WMVP in Chicago, Illinois from skywave interference. The station's programming is simulcast 24 hours a day on FM translators 97.9 W250AP and 107.3 W297CO both in Carlisle. WIOO also simulcasts the majority of its programming on translator 93.9 W230AX, licensed to serve Shippensburg, Pennsylvania.","The WIOO AM radio station is licensed to serve Carlisle, Pennsylvania.",summarization When did Peloton IPO?,"On September 26, 2019, Peloton became a public company via an initial public offering, raising $1.16 billion and valuing the company at $8.1 billion. After reaching a market valuation of $50 billion in January 2021, the company's valuation was back to around $8 billion by April 2022.","Peloton became a public company via an initial public offering on September 26, 2019.",closed_qa What is the main prerequisite for an AI to surpass human-level intelligence?,"If a superhuman intelligence were to be invented—either through the amplification of human intelligence or through artificial intelligence—it would vastly improve over human problem-solving and inventive skills. Such an AI is referred to as Seed AI because if an AI were created with engineering capabilities that matched or surpassed those of its human creators, it would have the potential to autonomously improve its own software and hardware to design an even more capable machine, which could repeat the process in turn. This recursive self-improvement could accelerate, potentially allowing enormous qualitative change before any upper limits imposed by the laws of physics or theoretical computation set in. It is speculated that over many iterations, such an AI would far surpass human cognitive abilities.",An AI system needs to have the capability of recursive self-improvement. Once available such a capability would allow the AI system to accelerate its development at a rapid rate.,summarization Why did the Prix Lupin not take place from 1915 to 1918?,"The event was established in 1855, and it was originally called the Prix de l'Empereur. It was initially held at the Champ de Mars, and was transferred to Longchamp in 1857. It was cancelled due to the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, and was renamed the Grande Poule des Produits in 1872. The race was one of several trials for the Prix du Jockey Club collectively known as the Poules des Produits. The others (listed by their modern titles) were the Prix Daru, the Prix Hocquart, the Prix Noailles and the Prix Greffulhe. Unlike those races, the Grande Poule des Produits had no restrictions based on the nationality of a horse's sire or dam. The event was renamed in memory of Auguste Lupin (1807–1895), a successful owner-breeder, in 1896. The Prix Lupin was abandoned throughout World War I, with no running from 1915 to 1918. It was cancelled once during World War II, in 1940. It was run at Le Tremblay over 2,150 metres in 1943, and at Maisons-Laffitte in 1944. The present system of race grading was introduced in 1971, and the Prix Lupin was classed at Group 1 level. The race was last run in 2004. It was discontinued after France Galop restructured its Group 1 programme for three-year-olds in 2005.",Due to the first World War,closed_qa why did Syd Barrett left the Pink Floyd?,,"Syd Barrett was one of the main members of the Pink Floyd. He has used drugs a lot and after a while he was not able to perform with the team. Even though the band gave him multiple chances, he could not keep up with the band. In the end, they had to ask him to leave the band. The main reason that he has left the team is his health problems and addiction to drugs.",open_qa How would you describe genomics?,,"Genomics is the study of the genetic material of an organism, including the structure, function, and regulation of genes. Genomics is a powerful tool that can be used to identify and diagnose genetic disorders, develop new treatments, and understand the genetic underpinnings of complex diseases.",brainstorming "Given a reference text about combat readiness, tell me which troops are kept most ready for combat.","Combat readiness is a condition of the armed forces and their constituent units and formations, warships, aircraft, weapon systems or other military technology and equipment to perform during combat military operations, or functions consistent with the purpose for which they are organized or designed, or the managing of resources and personnel training in preparation for combat. Most armed forces maintain varying levels of readiness by the troops to engage in combat due to economic considerations which vary from minutes to months. In modern armed forces troops designated special forces are usually those kept at the highest state of readiness for combat, and are often alerted only a few hours before being committed to combat. Where time is of the essence in military action being initiated, the troops, such as pilots of interceptor aircraft, may be kept in constant state of combat readiness.",Designated special forces are normally kept at the highest state of readiness for combat.,closed_qa "What are some interesting things to do in the spa town of Harrogate, North Yorkshire?",,"Some interesting things to do in the spa town of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, are to visit the Royal Pump Room Museum, take a stroll through the Valley Gardens, and have afternoon tea at Bettys Cafe Tea Rooms.",open_qa "Given a reference text about the Anglo-Spanish War, tell me what treaty marked the end of the war.","The Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) was an intermittent conflict between the Habsburg Kingdom of Spain and the Kingdom of England. It was never formally declared. The war included much English privateering against Spanish ships, and several widely separated battles. It began with England's military expedition in 1585 to what was then the Spanish Netherlands under the command of the Earl of Leicester, in support of the Dutch rebellion against Spanish Habsburg rule. The English enjoyed a victory at Cádiz in 1587, and repelled the Spanish Armada in 1588, but then suffered heavy setbacks: the English Armada (1589), the Drake–Hawkins expedition (1595), and the Essex–Raleigh expedition (1597). Three further Spanish armadas were sent against England and Ireland in 1596, 1597, and 1601, but these likewise ended in failure for Spain, mainly because of adverse weather. The war became deadlocked around the turn of the 17th century during campaigns in the Netherlands, France, and Ireland. It was brought to an end with the Treaty of London (1604), negotiated between Philip III of Spain and the new king of England, James I. In the treaty, England and Spain agreed to cease their military interventions in the Spanish Netherlands and Ireland, respectively, and the English ended their high seas privateering.",The Treaty of London marked the end of the Anglo-Spanish War.,closed_qa Which sports offer championship belts to their winners?,"A championship belt is a large, extravagantly designed belt used primarily in combat sports such as boxing, mixed martial arts, and professional wrestling to signify the champions of the promotion or company, much like a cup or trophy in other sports. There are several companies in the business of constructing championship belts.","Championship belts are usually awarded in combat sports, which include boxing, mixed martial arts, and professional wrestling. The belts are used to designate the champions of the promotion or the company.",summarization List the vegetation found in Antarctica in a common separated manner.,"Antarctica (/ænˈtɑːrktɪkə/) is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean), it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, being about 40% larger than Europe, and has an area of 14,200,000 km2 (5,500,000 sq mi). Most of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, with an average thickness of 1.9 km (1.2 mi). Antarctica is, on average, the coldest, driest, and windiest of the continents, and it has the highest average elevation. It is mainly a polar desert, with annual precipitation of over 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. About 70% of the world's freshwater reserves are frozen in Antarctica, which, if melted, would raise global sea levels by almost 60 metres (200 ft). Antarctica holds the record for the lowest measured temperature on Earth, −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F). The coastal regions can reach temperatures over 10 °C (50 °F) in summer. Native species of animals include mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Where vegetation occurs, it is mostly in the form of lichen or moss. The ice shelves of Antarctica were probably first seen in 1820, during a Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev. The decades that followed saw further exploration in French, American, and British expeditions. The first confirmed landing was by a Norwegian team in 1895. In the early 20th century, there were a few expeditions into the interior of the continent. British explorers were the first to reach the magnetic South Pole in 1909, and the geographic South Pole was first reached in 1911 by Norwegian explorers.","Lichen, moss.",information_extraction What is Occupation Therapy.,,"Occupation Therapy helps make you independent to do the daily tasks that are important to your quality of life. Occupational therapists strive to help their patients improve your functional independence through various activities that are related to strengthening, balance, endurance.",open_qa what are the benefit of meditation?,,"Meditation practice will train mind to focus on specific objects, like: breath or body sensation, which will relief brain from high dense thoughts or strong emotions. It can help brain calm down and be present in current situation. It will avoid the mind to get lost in past regrets or get too anxious in the future desire. This is not only help brain to get great rest, but also an efficient exercise for brain to rebuild the neuron cells and extend their connections. Reports showed, even 15 mins daily meditation can greatly help people with mitigating nervous, pressure, sadness and almost all negative emotions. Long time mediation can lead mind in the ""deep calm down"" state, which can help people understanding things in the deep root and see things as they really are. These will be the foundation to trigger wisdom and enlightenment. Just like human boy need work out, human brain also need exercise, which is meditation. Meditation now becomes more and more popular and lots of people already get benefit from it and keep it as a daily exercise.",open_qa What is Oktoberfest,,"The Oktoberfest is the world's largest Volksfest, featuring a beer festival and a travelling carnival. It is held annually in Munich, Bavaria. It is a 16- to 18-day folk festival running from mid- or late-September to around the first Sunday in October, with more than six million international and national visitors attending the event. Locally, it is called d’Wiesn, after the colloquial name for the fairgrounds, Theresienwiese. The Oktoberfest is an important part of Bavarian culture, having been held since the year 1810. Other cities across the world also hold Oktoberfest celebrations that are modeled after the original Munich event. During the event, large quantities of Oktoberfest Beer are consumed. For example, during the 16-day festival in 2014, 7.7 million litres (2,000,000 US gal) were served, making it the year where the most beer was consumed at the Oktoberfest. Visitors also enjoy numerous attractions, such as amusement rides, sidestalls, and games. There is also a wide variety of traditional foods available. The Munich Oktoberfest originally took place in the 16-day period leading up to the first Sunday in October. In 1994, this longstanding schedule was modified in response to German reunification. As a result, if the first Sunday in October falls on the 1st or the 2nd, then the festival would run until 3 October (German Unity Day). Thus, the festival now runs for 17 days when the first Sunday is 2 October and 18 days when it is 1 October. In 2010, the festival lasted until the first Monday in October (4 October), to mark the event's bicentennial.",open_qa "Given the following paragraph about the nutrition profile of peanut butter, what minerals is peanut butter rich in?","In a 100 gram amount, smooth peanut butter supplies 597 Calories and is composed of 51% fat, 22% protein, 22% carbohydrates (including 5% dietary fiber), and 1% water (table). Both crunchy and smooth peanut butter are sources of saturated and monounsaturated fats (mainly oleic acid) as 25% of total serving amount, and polyunsaturated fat (12% of total), primarily as linoleic acid). Peanut butter is a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of dietary fiber, vitamin E, pantothenic acid, folate, niacin, and vitamin B6 (table, USDA FoodData Central). Also high in content are the dietary minerals manganese, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, and sodium (added as salt during manufacturing). Peanut butter is a moderate source (10–19% DV) of thiamin, riboflavin, iron, and potassium (table).","Minerals that peanut butter is rich in include manganese, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, and sodium.",closed_qa What train is the GB Class 2,"GB Class 2 was a series of two trams and two trailers built by Skabo Jernbanevognfabrikk for Graakalbanen of Trondheim, Norway. Each of the four Siemens motors had an effect of 60 kW (80 hp). There were two compartments, both with four-abreast seating, with reversible seats. Despite running in part in city streets, the trams were 2.6 m (8 ft 6 in) wide. They had seating for 40 passengers. The trams were ordered in 1941, and a single set of tram and trailer was delivered in May 1940. Not until 1947 were to additional trailers delivered. In 1950, the second motor was delivered from Siemens, and the first trailer could be rebuilt to a tram. The trams remained in service until 1973 when they were replaced by the TS Class 7 trams, following the merger of Graakalbanen into Trondheim Trafikkselskap, and the subsequent reorganizing of routes, so the Gråkallen Line was operated onwards along the Lademoen Line. No. 5 is preserved as a heritage tram at Trondheim Tramway Museum, while no. 6 was scrapped in 1983.","The GB Class 2 was a series of two trams and two trailers built by Skabo Jernbanevognfabrikk for Graakalbanen of Trondheim, Norway. Each of the four Siemens motors had an effect of 60 kW (80 hp). There were two compartments, both with four-abreast seating, with reversible seats. Despite running in part in city streets, the trams were 2.6 m (8 ft 6 in) wide. They had seating for 40 passengers.",closed_qa How many cents do I have if I have 3 dimes?,,"If you have 3 dimes, you have 30 cents.",open_qa Does Spark support JavaScript?,,"Spark does not have native built-in support for JavaScript, but it is possible to use JavaScript with Spark through 3rd party libraries.",open_qa Who is the oldest driver to win a Formula 1 race?,Luigi Fagioli is the oldest winner of a Formula One Grand Prix; he was 53 years and 22 days old when he won the 1951 French Grand Prix,"The oldest driver to win a Formula 1 race is the Italian named Luigi Fagioli while 53 years and 22 days old, with his only win at the 1951 France Grand Prix.",closed_qa What year did the Calgary Flames win the Stanley Cup?,,1989,open_qa "Given these paragraphs about the Tesla bot, what kind of tasks is it expected to perform?","Optimus, also known as Tesla Bot, is a conceptual general-purpose robotic humanoid under development by Tesla, Inc. It was announced at the company's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Day event on August 19, 2021. CEO Elon Musk claimed during the event that Tesla would likely build a prototype by 2022. Musk is on record having said that he thinks Optimus ""has the potential to be more significant than the vehicle business over time."" Tesla Bot is planned to measure 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) tall and weigh 125 lb (57 kg). According to the presentation made during the first AI Day event, a Tesla Bot will be ""controlled by the same AI system Tesla is developing for the advanced driver-assistance system used in its cars"" and have a carrying capacity of 45 lb (20 kg). Proposed tasks for the product are ones that are ""dangerous, repetitive and boring"", such as providing manufacturing assistance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimus_(robot)","Proposed tasks for the Tesla Bot are ones that are ""dangerous, repetitive and boring"", such as providing manufacturing assistance.",closed_qa Who is Eric Brewer? What is he known for?,,"Eric Allen Brewer is professor emeritus of computer science at the University of California, Berkeley and vice-president of infrastructure at Google. His research interests include operating systems and distributed computing. He is known for formulating the CAP theorem about distributed network applications in the late 1990s.",open_qa Where is the village of Congosto,"Congosto (Spanish pronunciation: [koŋˈɡosto]) is a village and municipality located in the region of El Bierzo (province of León, Castile and León, Spain) . It is located near to Ponferrada, the capital of the region. The village of Congosto has about 350 inhabitants. Its economy was traditionally based on agriculture, wine and coal mining. Nowadays, most of the inhabitants work on the surrounding area on activities such as wind turbine manufacturing or coal mining. Congosto also a large reservoir in its vicinity, the Barcena reservoir, to which many tourists visit during the summer.","Congosto is a village and municipality located in the region of El Bierzo (province of Leon, Castile and Leon, Spain). It is located near to Ponferrada, the capital of the region. The village of Congosto has about 350 inhabitants. Its economy was traditionally based on agriculture, wine and coal mining. Nowadays, most of the inhabitants work on the surrounding area on activities such as wind turbine manufacturing or coal mining. Congosto also a large reservoir in its vicinity, the Barcena reservoir, to which many tourists visit during the summer.",summarization Who won the Golden Shoe Award for the season 2018-2019?,,Lionel Messi won this award for the 6th time.,open_qa Name one science fiction book from China,,"Three body problem is good science fiction, which win Hugo Award for best novel in 2015. It makes a good story about time and civilization. It also describes reactions from different people when they know the existence of aliens.",open_qa what was population of India during Mauryan Era?,"Prehistory to early 19th century The following table lists estimates for the population of India (including what are now Pakistan and Bangladesh) from prehistory up until 1820. It includes estimates and growth rates according to five economic historians, along with interpolated estimates and overall aggregate averages derived from their estimates.[citation needed] Estimates of historical world population Year Aggregate average Period Average % growth / century Population % of World population 10,000 BC 1,000 0.83% Stone Age 30.28 4000 BC 1,000,000 30.83% 2000 BC 13,000,000 37.143% Bronze Age 26.25 500 BC 25,000,000 41.70% Iron Age 400 BC 26,000,000 43.96% 200 BC 31,000,000 47.63% Maurya era 1 AD 35,000,000 35.56% Classical era 200 41,000,000 36.15% 400 47,000,000 40% 500 50,000,000 43.58% 600 53,000,000 48.83% Early medieval era 700 60,000,000 56.67% 800 64,000,000 55% 900 70,000,000 53.34% 1000 79,000,000 30% 1100 83,000,000 35% Late medieval era 1200 86,000,000 36.67% 1300 91,000,000 38.34% 1400 97,000,000 30% 1500 105,000,000 21.67% 1600 140,000,000 23.33% Early modern era 1650 170,000,000 26.15% 1700 140,000,000 20% 1750 183,000,000 21.53% 1800 200,000,000 20% 1820 210,000,000 19.09% The population grew from the South Asian Stone Age in 10,000 BC to the Maurya Empire in 200 BC at a steadily increasing growth rate, before population growth slowed down in the Early Medieval Era up to 700 AD, and then started decreasing the up to 1500 AD. Under Mughal Empire, India experienced a high economic and demographic upsurge, due to Mughal agrarian reforms that intensified agricultural production. 15% of the population lived in urban centres, higher than the percentage of the population in 19th-century British India and contemporary Europe up until the 19th century. Those estimates were criticised by Tim Dyson, who considers them exaggerations. According to Dyson, urbanisation of the Mughal empire was less than 9% Under the reign of Akbar (reigned 1556–1605) in 1600, the Mughal Empire's urban population was up to 17 million people, larger than the urban population in Europe. By 1700, Mughal India had an urban population of 23 million people, larger than British India's urban population of 22.3 million in 1871. Nizamuddin Ahmad (1551–1621) reported that, under Akbar's reign, Mughal India had 120 large cities and 3,200 townships. A number of cities in India had a population between a quarter-million and half-million people, with larger cities including Agra (in Agra Subah) with up to 800,000 people and Dhaka (in Bengal Subah) with over 1 million people. Mughal India also had a large number of villages, with 455,698 villages by the time of Aurangzeb (reigned 1658–1707).","It was around 31,000,000 during Maurya Era (200BC) .",closed_qa What is JSON?,,"JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write. It is easy for machines to parse and generate. It is a common data format with diverse uses in electronic data interchange, including that of web applications with servers.",open_qa What's the architecture in Maskavas Forstate look like?,"Maskavas Forštate (German: Moskauer Vorstadt) also known as Maskavas priekšpilsēta and colloquially as Maskačka, is a suburb of Riga situated on the right bank of the Daugava. The neighborhood is located to the south of Old Riga along the road historically connecting Riga to Moscow, from which its name is derived. History See also: Riga Ghetto The history of Maskavas Forštate, whose name in English literally means Moscow Suburb goes back to at least the 14th century, in some parts the medieval street network has been preserved. However, the area is first mentioned in 1348 by the name of Lastādija (German: Lastadie). Architecturally, the neighborhood reflects its history as an area of Russian, Belarusian and Jewish migration, especially characteristic wooden homes. During the Nazi occupation of Riga, the neighborhood was turned into a ghetto for Jews. Today, there are memorials on the site of the Great Choral Synagogue and the Old Jewish cemetery. Most of the prewar buildings remain standing.","The architecture of Maskavas Forštate reflects the history of Russian, Belarusian, and Jewish migration.",closed_qa When did WWII begin?,"World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war.",WWII began in 1939 and lasted until 1945.,closed_qa Why invest in the stock market?,,Long term investing in the stock market is a good idea. Short term growth is risky and fluctuates a lot but long term growth can show returns as much at 10% - 15% return per year on average. Tracking the S&P 500 is a great way to get started because its a well diversified option that tracks 500 of the largest companies listed on stock exchanges. It has a historical return of nearly 10% and the S&P 500 was introduced in 1957.,open_qa Why did TSMC choose Arizona for its chip manufacturing,"On the face of it, Arizona, a state known for its Grand Canyon and barren deserts, might seem an odd choice for an industry that demands huge amounts of water. But water, it turns out, is one of the least concerns. Semiconductor manufacturing needs a big ecosystem to get the best cost position. Semiconductor manufacturing need to have not just one company or one fab, but a big cluster of 10 to 15 of these things, to be able to get that world class performance and to be able to build a big enough ecosystem around you.This includes everything from equipment suppliers, which are needed to update and perform maintenance on chipmaking machines, to companies providing chemicals and other materials needed in making chips.Arizona has such a complete semiconductor supply chain already is thanks in no small part to Intel. Back in 1980, Intel started manufacturing microcontroller chips at its facility in Chandler, Arizona which is now Intel's largest manufacturing site in the world. In addition to Intel, leading semiconductor makers including NXP, ON Semiconductor, Qualcomm, Microchip, Broadcom and Benchmark Electronics have also built facilities in the state. Apart from its cluster of semiconductor companies, geopolitics have also worked in Arizona's favor. Arizona was also a more politically savvy state for fresh investment than strongly Democratic Washington. Arizona Gov. Doug Ducey, a Republican, was a close ally of Trump throughout both of his presidential campaigns","TSMC chose Arizona for its chip making facility because Arizona already has an ecosystem of equipment suppliers, fabrication units. Having an ecosystem makes it cost effective. Also Arizona is home to other chip companies like Intel, NXP, ON semiconductor, Qualcomm, Microchip, Broadcom and Benchmark Electronics. Also geopolitics then worked in favor of Arizona state. Arizona is a Republican state then and under Trump presidency would have given more incentives for the chip makers establishment.",summarization What are the advantages of space based telescopes?,,"Space-based telescopes have the advantage of being above the blurring effects of the Earth's atmosphere. In addition, there are many wavelengths from the electromagnetic spectrum that do not reach Earth because they are absorbed or reflected by the Earth's atmosphere. Only the wavelengths of visible light, a portion of infrared, and part of the radio wavelengths reach Earth. To observe other parts of the spectrum - ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays or infrared, telescopes have to be outside of Earth's atmosphere. Studying gamma-rays for example, helps astronomers learn more about things like blazars, gamma-ray bursts, pulsars and solar flares than would be possible with just optical telescopes. Similarly, studying x-rays gives invaluable information about the very hot regions of the universe such as exploded stars, clusters of galaxies, and the matter around black holes. The benefits of getting clean, unblurred optical images as well as the ability to observe other parts of the spectrum are worth the expense of putting telescopes in space.",open_qa "From this paragraph, what are indicators that Singapore's healthcare system performs well?","Singapore has a generally efficient healthcare system, even though health expenditures are relatively low for developed countries. The World Health Organisation ranks Singapore's healthcare system as 6th overall in the world in its World Health Report. Singapore has had the lowest infant mortality rates in the world for the past two decades. In 2019, Singaporeans had the longest life expectancy of any country at 84.8 years. Women can expect to live an average of 87.6 years with 75.8 years in good health. The averages are lower for men. Singapore is ranked 1st on the Global Food Security Index.","For the last two decades, Singapore has had the world's lowest infant mortality rates. Additionally, in 2019, Singapore had the world's longest life expectancy.",summarization What is the KPMG company?,,"KPMG stands for Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler. They are one of the world's leading accounting firms. They were first found in 1881, and they have more than 200,000 professionals operating in offices all over the world in over 153 different countries. KPMG offers audit services and tax advisory services to large companies, medium sized companies and many companies in the public sector.",open_qa Who is considered the greatest rock drummer?,John Bonham is considered the most influential drummers in rock. Bonham was ranked no. 1 on Classic Rock's 2005 list of 50 Greatest Drummers in Rock,"John Henry Bonham (31 May 1948 – 25 September 1980) was an English musician, best known as the drummer for the rock band Led Zeppelin. Esteemed for his speed, power, fast single-footed kick drumming, distinctive sound, and feel for groove, he is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential drummers in music history.",summarization Write a letter to my mom to convince her that I should be able to get a cat.,,"Dear Mom, I would like to get a cat because it has been shown that having a companion animal leads to lower stress levels and higher empathy in humans who have cats. Cats do not require as much active daily management as dogs do (so when we need to be out of the house for part of the day, the cat will be able to be alone for a number of hours). I've prepared a schedule on how often I will feed the cat and empty the little box so that you will not need to take on that responsibility. Also, I've already asked my friend Hannah if she would come and take care of the cat when we are away on vacation. I have saved up enough money to buy the items necessary for owning a cat and I plan on using my allowance to buy food for the cat. I think you'll enjoy having a cat too! They are fun to play with, love affection/petting and they have such fun personalities.",creative_writing "Which of the following are models of hoka running shoes? Clifton, ghost, superblast, rincon",,Clifton and Rincon are models of Hoka running shoes,classification When did Maggie Wilson first appear on TV?,"Wilson's first TV appearance was for GMA Network 7's Kakabakaba Adventure (2003) where she was a regular cast member until the show ended in 2004. Between 2003 and 2011, Wilson appeared and starred in several TV series and soap operas. With supporting roles in All Together Now (2004), Encantadia (2005), Darna (2005), Asian Treasures (2007) and Joaquin Bordado (2008). As part of the main cast in Saang Sulok ng Langit (2005), where she was nominated as Best TV Villain, My Guardian Abby (2006), Darna (2009) and Beauty Queen (2010).",Wilson first appeared on TV on Kakabakaba Adventure in 2003.,closed_qa Who is the founder of Vanguard?,,John C. Bogle,open_qa Extract from the text the method encouraged to use in Apache Spark.,"Apache Spark has its architectural foundation in the resilient distributed dataset (RDD), a read-only multiset of data items distributed over a cluster of machines, that is maintained in a fault-tolerant way. The Dataframe API was released as an abstraction on top of the RDD, followed by the Dataset API. In Spark 1.x, the RDD was the primary application programming interface (API), but as of Spark 2.x use of the Dataset API is encouraged even though the RDD API is not deprecated. The RDD technology still underlies the Dataset API.",Dataset API,information_extraction "From the passage provided, extract the name of the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.","Rabindranath Tagore FRAS (/rəˈbɪndrənɑːt tæˈɡɔːr/ (listen); pronounced [rɔˈbindɾɔnatʰ ˈʈʰakuɾ]; 7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941) was a Bengali polymath who worked as a poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer and painter. He reshaped Bengali literature and music as well as Indian art with Contextual Modernism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Author of the ""profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful"" poetry of Gitanjali, he became in 1913 the first non-European and the first lyricist to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Tagore's poetic songs were viewed as spiritual and mercurial; however, his ""elegant prose and magical poetry"" remain largely unknown outside Bengal. He was a fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society. Referred to as ""the Bard of Bengal"", Tagore was known by sobriquets: Gurudeb, Kobiguru, Biswokobi.",Rabindranath Tagore was the first non-European and the first lyricist to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.,information_extraction Who introduced the concept of the electric field and what is it?,"The concept of the electric field was introduced by Michael Faraday. An electric field is created by a charged body in the space that surrounds it, and results in a force exerted on any other charges placed within the field. The electric field acts between two charges in a similar manner to the way that the gravitational field acts between two masses, and like it, extends towards infinity and shows an inverse square relationship with distance. However, there is an important difference. Gravity always acts in attraction, drawing two masses together, while the electric field can result in either attraction or repulsion. Since large bodies such as planets generally carry no net charge, the electric field at a distance is usually zero. Thus gravity is the dominant force at distance in the universe, despite being much weaker. An electric field generally varies in space and its strength at any one point is defined as the force (per unit charge) that would be felt by a stationary, negligible charge if placed at that point. The conceptual charge, termed a 'test charge', must be vanishingly small to prevent its own electric field disturbing the main field and must also be stationary to prevent the effect of magnetic fields. As the electric field is defined in terms of force, and force is a vector, having both magnitude and direction, so it follows that an electric field is a vector field. The study of electric fields created by stationary charges is called electrostatics. The field may be visualised by a set of imaginary lines whose direction at any point is the same as that of the field. This concept was introduced by Faraday, whose term 'lines of force' still sometimes sees use. The field lines are the paths that a point positive charge would seek to make as it was forced to move within the field; they are however an imaginary concept with no physical existence, and the field permeates all the intervening space between the lines. Field lines emanating from stationary charges have several key properties: first, that they originate at positive charges and terminate at negative charges; second, that they must enter any good conductor at right angles, and third, that they may never cross nor close in on themselves.","The concept of the electric field was introduced by Michael Faraday. An electric field is created by a charged body in the space that surrounds it, and results in a force exerted on any other charges placed within the field.",information_extraction "What type of bike is suitable for children to learn: Balance Bike, Foldable bike, Mountain Bike, Road Bike",,The bike suitable for children to start learning bicycle is Balance Bike,classification "From the passage provided, extract the total corporate debt of Adani group","Adani Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Ahmedabad. It was founded by Gautam Adani in 1988 as a commodity trading business, with the flagship company Adani Enterprises. The Group's diverse businesses include port management, electric power generation and transmission, renewable energy, mining, airport operations, natural gas, food processing and infrastructure. In April 2021, Adani Group crossed US$100 billion in market capitalization, and in April 2022 it crossed the $200 billion mark, in both cases becoming the third Indian conglomerate to do so, after Tata Group and Reliance Industries. In November 2022, it reached $280 billion (INR 24 trillion) surpassing Tata Group. Adani subsequently lost more than $104 billion of market capitalization after fraud and market manipulation allegations by short-seller firm Hindenburg Research. The Adani Group has also attracted other controversies due to various reports of irregular practices. More than 60 percent of the Adani Group's revenue is derived from coal-related businesses. The company's corporate debt totaled $30 billion in 2022.",Adani groups corporate debt totaled $30 billion in 2022,information_extraction "What are some of the ways that people celebrate the ""Jindo's Sea Way"" festival in South Korea?","A medium-sized hunting dog breed called the Korean Jindo Dog originates from Jindo. It is known in Korea for its fierce loyalty, attachment to home and hunting abilities. Since 1936, the dog is considered as a national cultural legacy and has been protected during the war times. There is a Jindo Dog Research and Testing Center on the island. The tide-related sea level variations result in a land pass 2.9 km long and 10–40 meters wide opening for approximately an hour between the main Jindo island and the small Modo island to the south of Jindo. The event occurs about twice a year, around April–June. It had long been celebrated in a local festival called ""Jindo's Sea Way"", but was largely unknown to the world until 1975, when the French ambassador Pierre Randi described the phenomenon in a French newspaper. Nowadays, nearly half a million foreign and local tourists attend the event annually. It is accompanied by local festivals which include Ganggangsuwollae (Korean traditional circle dance), Ssitkim-gut (a shaman ritual, consoling the souls of the dead), Deul Norae (traditional farmers songs), Manga (burial ceremony songs), Jindo dog show, Buknori (drum performance) and fireworks. The island has three art galleries, Sojun, Namjin and Sochi, containing collections of painters who worked here over the past centuries.","Almost half a million people travel to Jindo annually to celebrate the ""Jindo's Sea Way"" festival each year. Celebrations include traditional circle dancing, farmer songs, fireworks, and a Jindo dog show.",summarization "Given a reference text bout the Tampa Convention Center, when did it open and how big is it?","The Tampa Convention Center is a mid-sized convention center located in downtown Tampa, Florida at the mouth of the Hillsborough River. It has both waterfront views of Tampa Bay and views of the city's skyline. Harbour Island is across the eponymous bridge on the other side of the Garrison Channel. The center is connected to the neighboring Channelside District and Ybor City via the TECO Line Streetcar, which has a station across the street. The center opened in 1990 and encompasses 600,000 square feet (56,000 m2) in total. It has a 200,000 square feet (19,000 m2) exhibit hall, a ballroom capable of accommodating over 2,000 guests, and 36 meeting rooms that can be adjusted to various sizes. The facility hosts over 300 events per year.","The Tampa Convention Center opened in 1990 and is about 600,000 square feet.",closed_qa Who is the mercedes formula 1 team principal?,,Toto Wolff is the team principal and CEO of the Mercedes-AMG PETRONAS F1 team,classification What is the capital of Florida?,,Tallahassee is the capital of Florida,open_qa From the passage identify the sacred animals of Hera. Display the results in a comma separated format.,"Hera (Ἥρα, Hḗra) Queen of the gods, and goddess of women, marriage, childbirth, heirs, kings, and empires. She is the goddess of the sky, the wife and sister of Zeus, and the daughter of Cronus and Rhea. She was usually depicted as a regal woman in the prime of her life, wearing a diadem and veil and holding a lotus-tipped staff. Although she is the goddess of marriage, Zeus's many infidelities drive her to jealousy and vengefulness. Her sacred animals include the heifer, the peacock, and the cuckoo. Her Roman counterpart is Juno.","heifer, the peacock, the cuckoo",information_extraction When did the gallipoli campaign take place?,"The Gallipoli campaign was a military campaign in the First World War that took place on the Gallipoli peninsula (Gelibolu in modern Turkey), from 19 February 1915 to 9 January 1916. The Entente powers, Britain, France and the Russian Empire, sought to weaken the Ottoman Empire, one of the Central Powers, by taking control of the Ottoman straits. This would expose the Ottoman capital at Constantinople to bombardment by Allied battleships and cut it off from the Asian part of the empire. With Turkey defeated, the Suez Canal would be safe and a year-round Allied supply route could be opened through the Black Sea to warm-water ports in Russia.",The gallipoli campaign took place from the 19th of February 1915 to the 9th of January 1916.,closed_qa What are the benefits of using genetically modified crops in agriculture?,,"There are many benefits to using genetically modified crops in agriculture. The benefits include making the crops hardier with greater resistance to diseases and droughts. The resulting crops can also make food more nutritious and taste better. An additional environmental benefit of genetically modified crops is that they have the potential to reduce resources needed to grow, including water and fertilizer.",creative_writing What are some interesting facts about Nelson Mandel Boulevard described on this paragraph?,"Nelson Mandela Boulevard (Persian: بلوار نلسون ماندلا) (old name: Jordan Street and Africa Boulevard) still known as Jordan is an affluent and upper-class district in northern Tehran, and some people draw similarities between Jordan District as being much alike Kensington District in London, UK as the area is a mixture of residential and commercial locale, filled with the homes and businesses of many politicians, diplomats, expatriates, and artists. Before the Iranian Revolution in 1979 it was called Jordan street, named after the American presbyterian missionary Samuel M. Jordan and used to be one of the most popular avenue in Tehran, Iran. Renamed Nelson Mandela Boulevard in recent years, it is amongst the most famous streets in north Tehran after Valiasr Street which is the longest conventional street in the Middle East, spanning a south–north axis. It is also famous for being one of the liveliest streets of Tehran, experiencing regular traffic jams even at 2:00A.M during Summer.","It holds a mixture of residential and commercial locale from upper-class citizens, like politicians, diplomats, expatriates and artists. It used to be called Jordan street before the Iranian revolution. It's amongst the most famous streets of Tehran, experiencing regular traffic jams even at 2:00 AM during Summer.",summarization What age is considered legal adulthood in much of the western world?,,18 years is typically when one is legally an adult,open_qa "What is a good second language to learn beyond English, and why?",,"The most popular second languages to learn for English speakers are Spanish, French, and Italian, although from a utility perspective the most widely spoken languages aside from English are Mandarin and Hindi. You might choose a second language to learn based on upcoming travel plans or for work reasons, or purely for fun!",open_qa What is a speedrun in video games?,,"In gaming, a speedrun is the task of playing a game, or a section of a game, with the goal of completing it as quickly as possible. While there are many categories of speedrunning, they often include strategy, planned routes, or even glitches to get to the end credits of the game in the shortest possible time.",open_qa "Based on the following paragraph on drinking water, is there a risk of drinking too much water during exercising?","The human body contains from 55% to 78% water, depending on body size.[user-generated source?] To function properly, the body requires between one and seven liters (0.22 and 1.54 imp gal; 0.26 and 1.85 U.S. gal)[citation needed] of water per day to avoid dehydration; the precise amount depends on the level of activity, temperature, humidity, and other factors. Most of this is ingested through foods or beverages other than drinking straight water. It is not clear how much water intake is needed by healthy people, though the British Dietetic Association advises that 2.5 liters of total water daily is the minimum to maintain proper hydration, including 1.8 liters (6 to 7 glasses) obtained directly from beverages. Medical literature favors a lower consumption, typically 1 liter of water for an average male, excluding extra requirements due to fluid loss from exercise or warm weather. Healthy kidneys can excrete 0.8 to 1 liter of water per hour, but stress such as exercise can reduce this amount. People can drink far more water than necessary while exercising, putting them at risk of water intoxication (hyperhydration), which can be fatal. The popular claim that ""a person should consume eight glasses of water per day"" seems to have no real basis in science. Studies have shown that extra water intake, especially up to 500 milliliters (18 imp fl oz; 17 U.S. fl oz) at mealtime, was associated with weight loss. Adequate fluid intake is helpful in preventing constipation.","Yes, since exercise induced stress can reduce the volume of water that the kidneys can excrete, drinking too much water during exercise can result in water intoxication which can be fatal.",closed_qa How did YouTube exit?,"YouTube is an American global online video sharing and social media platform headquartered in San Bruno, California, United States. It was launched on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. It is owned by Google and is the second most visited website, after Google Search. YouTube has more than 2.5 billion monthly users, who collectively watch more than one billion hours of videos each day. As of May 2019, videos were being uploaded at a rate of more than 500 hours of content per minute. In October 2006, YouTube was bought by Google for $1.65 billion. Google's ownership of YouTube expanded the site's business model, expanding from generating revenue from advertisements alone to offering paid content such as movies and exclusive content produced by YouTube. It also offers YouTube Premium, a paid subscription option for watching content without ads. YouTube also approved creators to participate in Google's AdSense program, which seeks to generate more revenue for both parties. YouTube reported revenue of $29.2 billion in 2022. In 2021, YouTube's annual advertising revenue increased to $28.8 billion, an increase in revenue of 9 billion from the previous year. Since its purchase by Google, YouTube has expanded beyond the core website into mobile apps, network television, and the ability to link with other platforms. Video categories on YouTube include music videos, video clips, news, short films, feature films, songs, documentaries, movie trailers, teasers, live streams, vlogs, and more. Most content is generated by individuals, including collaborations between YouTubers and corporate sponsors. Established media corporations such as Disney, Paramount, NBCUniversal, and Warner Bros. Discovery have also created and expanded their corporate YouTube channels to advertise to a larger audience. YouTube has had unprecedented social impact, influencing popular culture, internet trends, and creating multimillionaire celebrities. Despite all its growth and success, YouTube has been widely criticized. Criticism of YouTube includes the website being used to facilitate the spread of misinformation, copyright issues, routine violations of its users' privacy, enabling censorship, their guidelines and how they are implemented, and endangering child safety and wellbeing.",YouTube was bought by Google for $1.65 billion in October 2006.,summarization What is 75 hard and what are the tasks?,,"75 hard is a mental toughness challenge created by Andy Frisella. For 75 consecutive days, you follow the daily tasks as prescribed, no shortcuts. If you miss a task, you reset to day 1 and start all over again. The tasks include: - Take a daily progress picture. - Follow a diet . No cheating and no alcohol. - Perform TWO separate 45 minute workouts, one of which needs to be outside. - Drink 1 gallon of water. - Read 10 pages of a non-fiction book. Audiobooks don't count.",brainstorming "Given a reference text about Putlacheruvu, how many canals are there and what are they used for?","Putlacheruvu is a village in the Mandavalli Mandal, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh state, India. According to the 2011 census it has a population of 1873 living in 583 households. Geography The village of Putlacheruvu is 6 km from Kolleru Lake and consists of three areas: Krishnapuram, Ramapuram, and Putlacheruvu proper. It features a 7.5 acre freshwater lake with a Naandi Foundation water treatment plant (which is a small failure )and a 12-foot tall statue of Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy at the south end of the lake. There are three large canals off the Krishna river on both ends of the village. One of these is used for drinking water and the other two are sewage canals used for pumping water into the fish tanks. The soil is very rich and suitable for many crops including rice and coconut. The local wildlife includes parrots, sparrows, minas, and black crows. In the evenings and early mornings, snake birds form in large migrations.",There are three canals in Putlacheruvu. One is used for drinking water and the other two are sewage canals used for pumping water into the fish tanks.,closed_qa How many continents are there on Earth?,,"There are 7 continents - Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America.",open_qa Given this paragraph about the Republic of Finland becoming a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) what year did it start a formal relations with NATO?,"Finland has had formal relations with NATO since 1994, when it joined the Partnership for Peace program, and has been a member of the European Union (EU), which largely overlaps with NATO in membership, since 1995.",Finland has started the formal relationship with NATO in 1994 when it joined the Partnership for Peace program. However it wasn't a NATO member up until April 4 2023 when it became an official member of NATO.,closed_qa What is Merlot?,"Merlot (/ˈmɜːrloʊ/ MUR-loh) is a dark blue–colored wine grape variety, that is used as both a blending grape and for varietal wines. The name Merlot is thought to be a diminutive of merle, the French name for the blackbird, probably a reference to the color of the grape. Its softness and ""fleshiness,"" combined with its earlier ripening, make Merlot a popular grape for blending with the sterner, later-ripening Cabernet Sauvignon, which tends to be higher in tannin.","Merlot (/ˈmɜːrloʊ/ MUR-loh) is a dark blue–colored wine grape variety, that is used as both a blending grape and for varietal wines.",closed_qa What is the Masters Tournament?,"The Masters Tournament (usually referred to as simply The Masters, or the U.S. Masters outside North America) is one of the four major championships in professional golf. Scheduled for the first full week of April, the Masters is the first major of the year, and unlike the others, it is always held at the same location, Augusta National Golf Club, a private course in the city of Augusta, Georgia, in the southeastern United States. The Masters was started by amateur champion Bobby Jones and investment banker Clifford Roberts. After his grand slam in 1930, Jones acquired the former plant nursery and co-designed Augusta National with course architect Alister MacKenzie. First played 89 years ago in 1934, the tournament is an official money event on the PGA Tour, the European Tour, and the Japan Golf Tour. The field of players is smaller than those of the other major championships because it is an invitational event, held by the Augusta National Golf Club. The tournament has a number of traditions. Since 1949, a green jacket has been awarded to the champion, who must return it to the clubhouse one year after his victory, although it remains his personal property and is stored with other champions' jackets in a specially designated cloakroom. In most instances, only a first-time and currently reigning champion may remove his jacket from the club grounds. A golfer who wins the event multiple times uses the same green jacket awarded upon his initial win (unless they need to be re-fitted with a new jacket). The Champions Dinner, inaugurated by Ben Hogan in 1952, is held on the Tuesday before each tournament, and is open only to past champions and certain board members of the Augusta National Golf Club. Beginning in 1963, legendary golfers, usually past champions, have hit an honorary tee shot on the morning of the first round to commence play. These have included Fred McLeod, Jock Hutchinson, Gene Sarazen, Sam Snead, Byron Nelson, Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus, Gary Player, Lee Elder, and Tom Watson. Since 1960, a semi-social contest at the par-3 course has been played on Wednesday, the day before the first round.","The Masters Tournament is played in Augusta, Georgia. It is four major championships in professional golf. It is usually played the first week of April. It is known for the Green Jacket that is awarded to the winner of the tournament. The Masters Tournament is an invitation only event so therefore it is usually smaller than a typical PGA event. Augusta National Golf Club is a private invitation only club.",summarization List down some information about Ahilya Bai from given passage,"After the demise of her husband Khande Rao Holkar and father-in-law Malhar Rao Holkar, Ahilya Bai herself undertook the affairs of Holkar dynasty. She defended the Malwa state against intruders and personally led armies into battle, with Tukoji Rao Holkar as her military commander. Ahilya Bai was a great pioneer and builder of Hindu temples who constructed hundreds of temples and Dharmashalas throughout India. She is specially renowned for refurbishing & reconsecrating some of the most sacred sites of Hindu pilgrimage that had been desecrated & demolished in the previous century by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb","1.Ahilya bai Holkar under took the affairs of Holkar Dynasty after demise of her husband khande Rao Holkar and father in law Malhar Rao Holkar. 2.Ahilya Bai defended the Malwa state against intruders and personally led armies into battle, with Tukoji Rao Holkar as her milatary commander. 3.Ahilya Bai was a great pioneer and builder of Hindu temples and Dharmshalas through out India. 4.Ahilya Bai is specially renowned for refurbishing & reconsecrating some of the most sacred sites of Hindu pilgrimage that had been demolished by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.",summarization "Given this paragraph about the Roman temple known as the Pantheon, tell me whether we definitively know why the temple was called the Pantheon.","The name ""Pantheon"" is from the Ancient Greek ""Pantheion"" meaning ""of, relating to, or common to all the gods"". Cassius Dio, a Roman senator who wrote in Greek, speculated that the name comes either from the statues of many gods placed around this building, or from the resemblance of the dome to the heavens. His uncertainty strongly suggests that ""Pantheon"" (or Pantheum) was merely a nickname, not the formal name of the building. In fact, the concept of a pantheon dedicated to all the gods is questionable. The only definite pantheon recorded earlier than Agrippa's was at Antioch in Syria, though it is only mentioned by a sixth-century source. Ziegler tried to collect evidence of pantheons, but his list consists of simple dedications ""to all the gods"" or ""to the Twelve Gods"", which are not necessarily true pantheons in the sense of a temple housing a cult that literally worships all the gods.","We do not know why the temple was called the Pantheon. Even Cassius Dio, a Roman senator who would have had more context by nature of living and ruling in Roman society, was only able to speculate where the name came from.",closed_qa Who was the first man to walk on the moon?,,"Neil Armstrong, 1969",open_qa Which of the star signs are earth signs?,,"Virgo, Taurus and Capricorn are the three astrological earth signs in the Zodiac.",open_qa What can help with puppy teething?,,"Puppy teething will typically last until they are 4 or 5 months old. To help with the discomfort, you can give them puppy safe chew toys, a frozen carrot or banana, bully sticks, or cooling teethers. You can also try giving them a frozen kong toy, or wet and twist a rag, then freeze it.",open_qa "Given the following paragraph, where was Omar ibn Said born?","Omar ibn Said was a real person, born and raised in Futa Toro, an Islamic state located in the part of West Africa that is now Senegal. His family was wealthy and he was highly educated as a Muslim scholar. He was captured by slavers in 1807 at the age of 37 and was taken to America to be sold in the Charleston slave market. Initially purchased by a harsh master, he escaped after two years and traveled to Fayetteville, North Carolina. There he was captured and jailed, but ultimately sold to planter James Owen. Owen was impressed by ibn Said's education, since very few slaves even knew how to read and write. Owen attempted to convert him to Christianity and provided him with a Bible and other books. He also urged him to write his memoirs, which he did in 1831. He wrote at least thirteen other Arabic documents, mostly on history and theology. Ibn Said lived until his mid-90s and died in 1864, still enslaved.","Omar ibn Said was born and raised in Futa Toro, an Islamic state located in the part of West Africa that is now Senegal.",closed_qa Who created Craigslist?,"Craigslist (stylized as craigslist) is a privately-held American company operating a classified advertisements website with sections devoted to jobs, housing, for sale, items wanted, services, community service, gigs, résumés, and discussion forums. Craig Newmark began the service in 1995 as an email distribution list to friends, featuring local events in the San Francisco Bay Area. It became a web-based service in 1996 and expanded into other classified categories. It started expanding to other U.S. and Canadian cities in 2000, and now covers 70 countries.",Craig Newmark created Craigslist in 1995. It started as an email distribution list to friends that featured local events in the San Francisco Bay Area.,information_extraction Give me a listing of ways I can incorporate physical activity into my daily routine.,,"Incorporating physical activity into your daily routine can come in many forms. Some examples include standing, walking, running, jogging, and walking the dog. You can also incorporate physical activity into everyday activities such as parking further away from the store's entrance in order to walk more.",brainstorming Is it possible to visit the German Bundestag?,,"Yes, it is possible for tourists to visit the Bundestag. With prior registration, you can enter the roof terrace and the dome. From there, visitors have a view of the parliament and Berlin's skyline. The visitor area is open seven days a week, with the exception of public holidays, such as Christmas. The last admission is at 9:45 PM.",open_qa What type of music is featured in the album The Great Ray Charles,"The Great Ray Charles is the second studio album by American musician Ray Charles, released in 1957 by Atlantic Records. An instrumental jazz album, it features cover art designed by Marvin Israel. Later CD re-issues of The Great Ray Charles often include six out of the eight songs from the 1961 album The Genius After Hours, as bonus tracks.",instrumental jazz,information_extraction "Given these paragraphs about a well-known Scottish University of some import, tell me specific details about when and where it was founded, what it's most well known for, and who are some of its most famous alumni.","The University of Edinburgh (Scots: University o Edinburgh, Scottish Gaelic: Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann; abbreviated as Edin. in post-nominals) is a public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Founded by the town council under the authority of a royal charter of King James VI in 1582 and officially opened in 1583, it is one of Scotland's four ancient universities and the sixth-oldest university in continuous operation in the English-speaking world. The university played an important role in Edinburgh becoming a chief intellectual centre during the Scottish Enlightenment and contributed to the city being nicknamed the ""Athens of the North."" Edinburgh is ranked among the top universities in the United Kingdom and the world. Edinburgh is a member of several associations of research-intensive universities, including the Coimbra Group, League of European Research Universities, Russell Group, Una Europa, and Universitas 21. In the fiscal year ending 31 July 2022, it had a total income of £1.262 billion, of which £331.6 million was from research grants and contracts. It has the third-largest endowment in the UK, behind only Cambridge and Oxford. The university has five main campuses in the city of Edinburgh, which include many buildings of historical and architectural significance such as those in the Old Town. Edinburgh is the seventh-largest university in the UK by enrolment and receives over 75,000 undergraduate applications per year, making it the second-most popular university in the UK by volume of applications. Edinburgh had the eighth-highest average UCAS points amongst British universities for new entrants in 2020. The university continues to have links to the royal family, having had Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh as its chancellor from 1953 to 2010 and Anne, Princess Royal since March 2011. The alumni of the university includes some of the major figures of modern history. Inventor Alexander Graham Bell, naturalist Charles Darwin, philosopher David Hume, and physicist James Clerk Maxwell studied at Edinburgh, as did writers such as Sir J. M. Barrie, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, J. K. Rowling, Sir Walter Scott, and Robert Louis Stevenson. The university counts several heads of state and government amongst its graduates, including three British Prime Ministers. Three Supreme Court Justices of the UK were educated at Edinburgh. As of January 2023, 19 Nobel Prize laureates, four Pulitzer Prize winners, three Turing Award winners, and an Abel Prize laureate and Fields Medalist have been affiliated with Edinburgh as alumni or academic staff. Edinburgh alumni have won a total of ten Olympic gold medals.","The University of Edinburgh is based out of Edinburgh, Scotland founded by the royal charter of King James the 6th in 1582, officially opening for students in 1583. The University of Edinburgh is famous for being the sixth oldest University in the English-speaking world and the seventh largest by enrollment in the United Kingdom where Scotland resides today. A top public research university often nicknamed the ""Athens of the North"" whose famous alumni were pivotal in contributing to the Scottish Enlightenment, the University of Edinburgh is known as one of the top-ranked universities in the United Kingdom. With such esteemed alumni as Alexander Graham Bell, Charles Darwin, and David Hume not to mention famous authors such as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and J.K. Rowling, and even several heads of state in three British Prime Ministers.",closed_qa Who is the prime minister of India,,The prime minister of India is Narendra Modi who has been in power since 2014. He belongs to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He is the 14th prime minister of India.,open_qa Will you say sorry to your kids?,,"When I was a child, my mom never apologized to me, making it seem like she could never make a mistake. I didn't like the dynamic of our relationship then; and even now, as an adult, I feel like I should be able to talk to her as equals. Unfortunately, she still believes that she can never be wrong simply because she's my mom. That's why I've made a conscious decision to be a different kind of parent - one who is willing to apologize when they make a mistake. I believe that it's important to treat our children with fairness and respect, and that includes acknowledging when we are in the wrong and taking responsibility for our actions.",creative_writing What is paella?,,"Paella is a dish that is very popular in Spain. It is made of rice, saffron, and usually comes with fish or chicken.",open_qa What does the software company Teamwork do and where is it located,,"Teamwork is an Irish, privately owned, web-based software company headquartered in Cork, Ireland. Teamwork creates task management and team collaboration software. Founded in 2007, as of 2016 the company stated that its software was in use by over 370,000 organisations worldwide (including Disney, Spotify and HP), and that it had over 2.4m users.",open_qa "which of the following cities are in Texas: Austin ,Fort Worth, San Diego, Houston, Plano, San Jose, Chicago.",,"Austin, Fort Worth, Houston and Plano",classification What type of television program did Julia Child work on?,,Julia Child was famous for her cooking shows,open_qa What is sweep rowing?,"Rowing, sometimes called crew in the United States, is the sport of racing boats using oars. It differs from paddling sports in that rowing oars are attached to the boat using oarlocks, while paddles are not connected to the boat. Rowing is divided into two disciplines: sculling and sweep rowing. In sculling, each rower holds two oars—one in each hand, while in sweep rowing each rower holds one oar with both hands. There are several boat classes in which athletes may compete, ranging from single sculls, occupied by one person, to shells with eight rowers and a coxswain, called eights. There are a wide variety of course types and formats of racing, but most elite and championship level racing is conducted on calm water courses 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) long with several lanes marked using buoys.",Sweep rowing is a rowing discipline in which rowers hold one oar with both hands.,summarization Can you paint watercolor styled painting with acrylics?,,"Yes, you can! The idea is to dilute your paint as much as possible to get the water transparency of watercolor. The process might take a bit of challenge as the opacity of acrylic paint is very thick, but with time and experience, it is possible. The best thing is to combine this watercolor effect with other streak using the opacity of acrylic paint to give multiple effect to your painting, such as finishing details and specks of paint on the last layers.",open_qa "From the text below, tell me where Mount Balinhard got its name.","Mount Balinhard is a summit in Alberta, Canada. Mount Balinhard was named for a title bestowed on the Earl of Southesk.","Balinhard was a title bestowed on the Earl of Southesk, from which Mount Balinhard gets its name.",summarization What types of problems in government could AI be used to solve,"The potential uses of AI in government are wide and varied, with Deloitte considering that ""Cognitive technologies could eventually revolutionize every facet of government operations"". Mehr suggests that six types of government problems are appropriate for AI applications: - Resource allocation - such as where administrative support is required to complete tasks more quickly. - Large datasets - where these are too large for employees to work efficiently and multiple datasets could be combined to provide greater insights. - Experts shortage - including where basic questions could be answered and niche issues can be learned. - Predictable scenario - historical data makes the situation predictable. - Procedural - repetitive tasks where inputs or outputs have a binary answer. - Diverse data - where data takes a variety of forms (such as visual and linguistic) and needs to be summarised regularly.",The potential uses of AI in government are wide and varied but some appropriate areas to consider AI applications include: Resource allocation; Large datasets; Repetitive tasks; Answering basic questions; Summarising data from multiple forms; Predicting future scenarios based on historical data.,closed_qa What is FrieslandCampina?,,"FrieslandCampina is one of the biggest dairy companies in the world. Their headquaters is in the Netherlands in Amersfoort. Its main brands are Friesche Vlag (or Frisian Flag in Indonesian market), Chocomel, Fristi, Friso, Dutch Lady, Milner, Campina, Landliebe, Optimel, Mona and ""Mix'it""",open_qa What are some ways that I can reduce the latency of my API?,,"To reduce the latency of your API, you could consider caching any database operations you may have, reducing the number of network requests required, or scaling up the number of instances of your server.",brainstorming "Based on the provided text, what technology rendered Extended ASCII obsolete?","Extended ASCII is a repertoire of character encodings that include (most of) the original 96 ASCII character set, plus up to 128 additional characters. There is no formal definition of ""extended ASCII"", and even use of the term is sometimes criticized, because it can be mistakenly interpreted to mean that the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) had updated its ANSI X3.4-1986 standard to include more characters, or that the term identifies a single unambiguous encoding, neither of which is the case. The ISO standard ISO 8859 was the first international standard to formalize a (limited) expansion of the ASCII character set: of the many language variants it encoded, ISO 8859-1 (""ISO Latin 1"") – which supports most Western European languages – is best known in the West. There are many other extended ASCII encodings (more than 220 DOS and Windows codepages). EBCDIC (""the other"" major character code) likewise developed many extended variants (more than 186 EBCDIC codepages) over the decades. The technology has largely been rendered technically obsolete by Unicode, which has code points for all the characters encoded in the various attempts to extend ASCII. All modern operating systems use this technology. Nevertheless, the topic remains important in the history of computing.",Unicode rendered extended ASCII obsolete.,closed_qa How do archaeologist use stratigraphy?,,"Stratigraphy is very important for archaeologists and is used to interpret time and space within a site. In general, the soil horizons near the top are the most recent and those lower down are older. Stratigraphy can help archaeologist determine how old a site is as well as different events that might have taken place at the site.",open_qa Which USA government agency is responsible for preventing diseases?,,The Centers for Disease Control is a US Federal agency responsible for preventing diseases and sharing health tools and information for communities to protect their health.,open_qa "Based on the following paragraph on astrobiology, what is the Viking program?","The modern field of astrobiology can be traced back to the 1950s and 1960s with the advent of space exploration, when scientists began to seriously consider the possibility of life on other planets. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, which marked the beginning of the Space Age. This event led to an increase in the study of the potential for life on other planets, as scientists began to consider the possibilities opened up by the new technology of space exploration. In 1959, NASA funded its first exobiology project, and in 1960, NASA founded the Exobiology Program, now one of four main elements of NASA's current Astrobiology Program. In 1971, NASA funded Project Cyclops, part of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, to search radio frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum for interstellar communications transmitted by extraterrestrial life outside the Solar System. In the 1960s-1970s, NASA established the Viking program, which was the first US mission to land on Mars and search for metabolic signs of present life; the results were inconclusive.","The Viking program, established by NASA in the 1960s to 1970s, was the first US mission with the goal to land on Mars and search for metabolic signs of present life.",closed_qa Please provide details on Brisbane International tournament with given text as a reference,"The Brisbane International established in 2009 is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts in Brisbane, Queensland in Australia. It is a WTA Premier tournament of the WTA Tour and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the ATP World Tour until 2019, when it was dropped from the ATP Tour. The tournament is held annually in January at the Queensland Tennis Centre just before the first Grand Slam tournament of the season, the Australian Open (part of the Australian Open Series). It is owned by Tennis Australia.","1. The Brisbane International, which began in 2009, is an outdoor hardcourt professional tennis competition held in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 2. It is a WTA Premier competition on the WTA Tour, and up until 2019, it was a part of the ATP World Tour 250 series on the ATP World Tour. 3. The competition is conducted each year in January at the Queensland Tennis Center, right before the season's first Grand Slam event, the Australian Open. (part of the Australian Open Series). 4. Tennis Australia is the owner.",summarization What does RAND Corporation do?,"The RAND Corporation (from the phrase ""research and development"") is a non-partisan American nonprofit global policy think tank and research institute that conducts research and development (R&D) in multiple fields and industries including national security, military-defense, aerospace, education, public health, energy, the environment (environmental science, studies), economics, political science and international relations, infrastructure, law and criminology (criminal justice), anthropology, sociology, social policy, the social sciences, natural sciences, technology, engineering, mathematics, and their application on public policy, public administration, and business administration issues.","RAND is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous.",information_extraction Tell me about the football club Unione Sassuolo,"Unione Sportiva Sassuolo Calcio, commonly referred to as Sassuolo (Italian pronunciation: [sasˈswɔːlo]), is an Italian football club based in Sassuolo, Emilia-Romagna. Their colours are black and green, hence the nickname Neroverdi (literally ""black and green"", in Italian). Sassuolo have played in Serie A since the 2013–14 season, joining a select group of teams playing in the Serie A but not belonging to a provincial capital city: U.S. Savoia 1908 (Torre Annunziata), Empoli, Legnano, Pro Patria (Busto Arsizio), Carpi and Casale.","Unione Sportiva Sassuolo Calcio, commonly referred to as Sassuolo is an Italian football club based in Sassuolo, Emilia-Romagna. Their colours are black and green, hence the nickname Neroverdi (literally ""black and green"", in Italian). Sassuolo have played in Serie A since the 2013–14 season, joining a select group of teams playing in the Serie A but not belonging to a provincial capital city: U.S. Savoia 1908 (Torre Annunziata), Empoli, Legnano, Pro Patria (Busto Arsizio), Carpi and Casale.",closed_qa which band sold the most albums of all time?,,"The Beatles. Perhaps unsurprisingly, British rock band The Beatles are top of the list for best-selling artists worldwide, with 183 million units certified sales. The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time and were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and popular music's recognition as an art form.",open_qa What is physical security?,,"Physical security describes security measures that are designed to deny unauthorized access to facilities, equipment, and resources and to protect personnel and property from damage or harm (such as espionage, theft, or terrorist attacks). Physical security involves the use of multiple layers of interdependent systems that can include CCTV surveillance, security guards, protective barriers, locks, access control, perimeter intrusion detection, deterrent systems, fire protection, and other systems designed to protect persons and property.",open_qa Has Thailand been part in the ABU TV Song Festival,"The participation of Thailand in the ABU TV Song Festival has occurred twice since the inaugural ABU TV Song Festival began in 2012. Since their début in 2013, the Thai entry has been organised by the national broadcaster Thai Public Broadcasting Service (TPBS). In 2015, Thailand withdrew from the festival.","Indeed, Thailand has been participating in the ABU TV Song Festival. It has occurred twice since the inaugural ABU TV Song Festival began in 2012. Since their début in 2013, the Thai entry has been organised by the national broadcaster Thai Public Broadcasting Service (TPBS). In 2015, Thailand withdrew from the festival.",summarization What is Linux?,,"Linux is an open-source UNIX-like operating system initially developed by Linus Torvalds and now with thousands of contributors around the world. Linux is actually the operating system kernel and the other components necessary to form an operating system are coming from other open source projects and in particular the GNU project. For this reason, the operating system is sometimes referred to as GNU/Linux.",open_qa "On what day did the invasion of Normandy, France occur in World War II?",,"June 6, 1944",open_qa what is Sociology?,,"Sociology is a social science that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. It uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis: 3–5  to develop a body of knowledge about social order and social change.: 32–40  While some sociologists conduct research that may be applied directly to social policy and welfare, others focus primarily on refining the theoretical understanding of social processes and phenomenological method. Subject matter can range from micro-level analyses of society (i.e. of individual interaction and agency) to macro-level analyses (i.e. of social systems and social structure)",classification What is the fastest train in the world?,,"Shanghai Maglev in Shanghai, China",open_qa How do you maintain good dental hygiene,,Good dental hygiene is maintained by brushing and flossing your teeth everyday and eating low amounts of sugar.,open_qa Who is BTS?,,"BTS is a South Korean group consisting of seven members, Jin, Suga, J-Hop, RM, Jimin, V and Jungkook. Their music style has evolved from when they originally debuted as a hip hop group in 2010. The subject of their songs include topics like coming of age, mental health and troubles faced in your youth. BTS has come along way since their early years have won dozens awards and have several Grammy nominations under their belt.",open_qa Why do people like to travel?,,"Traveling has always been innate in human behavior for many reasons. The desire to discover, experience and answer simple curiosities drives many people to travel to places near and far. There are many benefits of traveling such as improving mental health, gain creativity and inspiration, finding an understanding of yourself and reducing stress and anxiety.",open_qa What is CBT?,"Technological advances also renewed interest in mental states and mental representations. English neuroscientist Charles Sherrington and Canadian psychologist Donald O. Hebb used experimental methods to link psychological phenomena to the structure and function of the brain. The rise of computer science, cybernetics, and artificial intelligence underlined the value of comparing information processing in humans and machines. A popular and representative topic in this area is cognitive bias, or irrational thought. Psychologists (and economists) have classified and described a sizeable catalogue of biases which recur frequently in human thought. The availability heuristic, for example, is the tendency to overestimate the importance of something which happens to come readily to mind. Elements of behaviorism and cognitive psychology were synthesized to form cognitive behavioral therapy, a form of psychotherapy modified from techniques developed by American psychologist Albert Ellis and American psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck. On a broader level, cognitive science is an interdisciplinary enterprise involving cognitive psychologists, cognitive neuroscientists, linguists, and researchers in artificial intelligence, human–computer interaction, and computational neuroscience. The discipline of cognitive science covers cognitive psychology as well as philosophy of mind, computer science, and neuroscience. Computer simulations are sometimes used to model phenomena of interest.","Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychological treatment that is very effective to treat anxiety, substance abuse, eating disorders and several other mental health disorders.",information_extraction Who is the current prime minister of India?,,Shri Narendra Modi is the current prime minister of India.,open_qa "Given a reference text that describes about hotpot, from which country does this dish originate?","Hot pot or hotpot (simplified Chinese: 火锅; traditional Chinese: 火鍋; pinyin: huǒguō; lit. 'fire pot'), also known as soup-food or steamboat, is a dish whereby a heat source placed on the dining table keeps a pot of soup stock simmering, and a variety of Chinese foodstuffs and ingredients are served beside the pot for the diners to put into the hot stock.",Hot pot or Hotpot is originated from China.,closed_qa Which player has scored the most world cup goals?,,"After playing in four different World Cup editions, Germany's Miroslav Klose currently holds the record for most goals scored in the competition's history. Klos scored 16 times across the 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014 tournaments combined, at an average of 0.67 goals per game.",open_qa Based on this paragraph about Brazilian jiu-jitsu. which martial arts influenced Jiu-Jitsu.,"BJJ eventually came to be its own defined combat sport through the innovations, practices, and adaptation of Gracie jiu-jitsu and Judo, and became an essential martial art for modern MMA. Governing bodies such as the IBJJF work worldwide, and set the rules and standards to be held in sport BJJ competitions.",Jiu-jitsu and Judo,closed_qa What was unique about Scrubs?,"Scrubs focuses on the unique point of view of its main character and narrator, Dr. John Michael ""J.D."" Dorian (Zach Braff) for the first eight seasons, with season nine being narrated by the new main character Lucy Bennett (Kerry Bishé). Most episodes feature multiple story lines thematically linked by voice-overs done by Braff, as well as the comical daydreams of J.D. According to Bill Lawrence, ""What we decided was, rather than have it be a monotone narration, if it's going to be Zach's voice, we're going to do everything through J.D.'s eyes. It opened up a visual medium that those of us as comedy writers were not used to."" Actors were given the chance to improvise their lines on set with encouragement by series creator Bill Lawrence, with Neil Flynn and Zach Braff being the main improvisors.","Most episodes featured voice-overs done by Zach Braff (who stars as the main character, J.D.), as well as the comical daydreams of J.D. This opened up a unique visual medium that the comedy writers were not used to. Also, actors were given the chance to improvise their lines on set.",closed_qa Which movie won the Best Picture award at 95th Academy Awards?,"The 95th Academy Awards was a ceremony held by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) on March 12, 2023, at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles. It honored films released in 2022. The event was televised in the U.S. by ABC and was produced by Ricky Kirshner and Glenn Weiss. Weiss was also the director. Comedian and late-night talk show host Jimmy Kimmel hosted the show for the third time, after emceeing the 89th and 90th editions of the ceremony in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Everything Everywhere All at Once led the ceremony with eleven nominations and seven wins, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay for Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert, and three of the four acting awards. Other winners included All Quiet on the Western Front with four awards, The Whale with two, and Avatar: The Way of Water, Black Panther: Wakanda Forever, Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio, Navalny, RRR, Top Gun: Maverick, and Women Talking each with one. Short film winners included The Boy, the Mole, the Fox and the Horse, The Elephant Whisperers, and An Irish Goodbye.","Everything Everywhere All at Once won the award for Best Picture at the 95th Academy Awards. Additionally, this movie also won Best Director and Best Original Screenplay for Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert, and three of the four acting awards.",information_extraction "Given the reference text below, what is a GATR?",The Guided Advanced Tactical Rocket (GATR) is a weapons system under development by Orbital ATK and Elbit Systems. It is intended to provide a low-cost guided missile compatible with existing unguided 70mm rocket launch platforms such as the Hydra 70. The penetrating version of the GATR is equipped with a steel-cased M282 warhead and a programmable fuze. It can be set from the cockpit to detonate on impact or after a delay and is capable of penetrating a triple-brick wall and light-vehicle armor.,A Guided Advanced Tactical Rocket (GATR) is a low-cost guided missile equipped with a steel-cased M282 warhead and a programmable fuze.,closed_qa Who was the first man in space,,Yuri Gagarin,open_qa Who created pilates?,,Pilates was developed by Joseph Pilates.,open_qa "Given a reference text about the 35th Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Awards Night, tell me who won the best actor award.","The 35th Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Awards Night was held on May 6, 1988 at the Manila Hotel Fiesta Pavilion in the Philippines, honoring the best films of 1987. Saan Nagtatago ang Pag-ibig won the most awards with four wins including the most coveted FAMAS Award for Best Picture Three people were elevated to the ""Hall Of Fame"" status after winning their respective categories five times. They were Fernando Poe Jr. for best actor, Augusto Salvador for editing and George Canseco for musical score. This is the second time for Canseco who was earlier inducted to the Hall of Fame for winning five time in the Theme Song Category.",Fernando Poe Jr. won the best actor award at the 35th Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Awards Night.,closed_qa "Are space objects affected by planets? If so, why?",,"Planets can impact the trajectory of objects in space, because they are pulled by the planet's gravity.",open_qa What is the most popular sport in Brazil?,,"Football is the most popular sport in Brazil. It is a widespread sport practiced in schools, streets and clubs by millions of people. It is considered a national passion in the country.",open_qa What is the name of Baltimore Maryland's professional football team?,,The Baltimore Ravens,open_qa Who directed the movie The House of Flowers: The Movie?,"The House of Flowers: The Movie (Spanish: La Casa de las Flores: la película) is a 2021 Mexican comedy-drama film directed by Manolo Caro. The film was announced in April 2021 and is a sequel of the series of the same name. The film premiered on Netflix on June 23, 2021. Synopsis Florist Delia, a confidant of the de la Mora family, requests from her deathbed that Paulina de la Mora find evidence in the old family home in order to have proof against Agustín Corcuera for the murder of Paulina's father, Pato. The de la Mora siblings and associates are reunited to try and retrieve it, but have to devise a plan when the new occupant won't entertain them. In a concurrent storyline set in 1987, Paulina's mother, Virginia, and her friends gather the evidence and hide it.",The director for The House of Flowers: The Movie is Manolo Caro.,summarization Which city will host the 2024 Summer Olympics?,,"The 2024 Summer Olympics will be hosted mainly at Paris from 26 July to 11 August 2024, with other 16 cities spread across Metropolitan France and one in Tahiti as subsites.",open_qa Why is Spanish spoken in large parts of Latin America?,,Spanish is spoken in Latin America because one of the original colonizing countries of the Western Hemisphere was Spain,open_qa Who was Neale James Cooper,"Neale James Cooper (24 November 1963 – 28 May 2018) was a Scottish football player and coach. He played as a midfielder during the 1980s and 1990s, most prominently for the Aberdeen team managed by Alex Ferguson, and later played for Aston Villa, Rangers, Reading, Dunfermline Athletic and Ross County. Cooper then became a coach, and worked as a manager in England with Hartlepool United (twice) and Gillingham, and in Scotland with Ross County and Peterhead.","Neale James Cooper (24 November 1963 – 28 May 2018) was a Scottish football player and coach. He played as a midfielder during the 1980s and 1990s, most prominently for the Aberdeen team managed by Alex Ferguson, and later played for Aston Villa, Rangers, Reading, Dunfermline Athletic and Ross County.",summarization What is compound weightlifting?,,"Compound weightlifting is a style of weight training that uses multiple muscle groups, joints and movement patterns in order to perform the lift. Typical lifts include the deadlift, bench press, overhead press and squat.",open_qa What kind of bears can you see in the Katmai National Park and Preserve?,,Brown bears are a main attraction at the Katmai Park.,open_qa "Given the following paragraph, where did the L'Aquila earth occur?","The 2009 L'Aquila earthquake occurred in the region of Abruzzo, in central Italy. The main shock occurred at 03:32 CEST (01:32 UTC) on 6 April 2009, and was rated 5.8 or 5.9 on the Richter magnitude scale and 6.3 on the moment magnitude scale; its epicentre was near L'Aquila, the capital of Abruzzo, which together with surrounding villages suffered the most damage. There have been several thousand foreshocks and aftershocks since December 2008, more than thirty of which had a Richter magnitude greater than 3.5.","The 2009 L'Aquila earthquake occurred in the region of Abruzzo, in central Italy.",closed_qa "Given this reference text about Neonatology, tell me which specialty it is related to, and where it is typically practiced.","Neonatology is a subspecialty of pediatrics that consists of the medical care of newborn infants, especially the ill or premature newborn. It is a hospital-based specialty, and is usually practiced in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The principal patients of neonatologists are newborn infants who are ill or require special medical care due to prematurity, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, congenital malformations (birth defects), sepsis, pulmonary hypoplasia or birth asphyxia.","Neonatology is a subspecialty of pediatrics, which is typically practiced in a hospital's Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, often referred to as a NICU.",closed_qa Who played Billy the Kid in The Left Handed Gun,,Paul Newman,open_qa Summarize the interesting points about Arc'teryx,"Arc'teryx Arc'teryx is a Canadian high-end design company specializing in outdoor apparel and equipment headquartered in North Vancouver, British Columbia. It focuses on technical apparel for mountaineering and Alpine sports, including related accessories. The company's name and logo reference the Archaeopteryx, the transitional fossil of early dinosaurs to modern dinosaurs (birds). Arc'teryx is known for their waterproof Gore-Tex shell jackets, knitwear, and down parkas. Founded in 1989 as Rock Solid, the company re-branded in 1991 as Arc'teryx to produce outerwear and climbing gear for the Coast Mountains in Canada. The company was sold to Salomon Group in 2001 and Amer Sports in 2005. Arc'teryx maintains two divisions: Veilance, their luxury streetwear retailer and LEAF, their retailer of technical gear for law enforcement and military forces. The company is a major influence in the ""gorpcore"" and ""normcore"" fashion movements, the wearing of minimalist, outdoor apparel in urban settings. History An Arc'teryx boutique on Mercer Street, London in July 2016 Originally named ""Rock Solid"" by founder Dave Lane, the company's first line of products was climbing gear. Dave Lane sold his 50% interest to Blair Murdoch and Tim Duholke who became silent partners in 1989. Then-principal Jeremy Guard changed the company name to Arc'teryx in 1991 to reflect the company's vision of creating disruptive ""evolutionary"" innovation within the outdoor products industry. Guard was president and principal of the company from 1991 to 2001. Using a heat laminate (thermolamination) technology, the partners designed and marketed the Vapor harness, which would become the company's most popular item. In 1993, after a series of relocations and staff additions, Arc'teryx released the Bora backpack using the same Vapor technology. In 1996, the company introduced technical apparel featuring Gore-Tex after obtaining a license from W. L. Gore & Associates. Arc'teryx re-located its headquarters to Burnaby, British Columbia in 1999 and then to North Vancouver in 2005. In 2001, Arc'teryx was purchased by Salomon Group, a French subsidiary of the German retailer Adidas. In 2005, Arc'teryx was sold to Finnish retailer Amer Sports. In 2019, Chinese retailer Anta Sports bought a controlling stake (56%) in Amer. The Arc'teryx head office is located in North Vancouver and harnesses, backpacks, and other apparel is made in its own factory in New Westminster, BC. As their apparel line expanded Arc'teryx began manufacturing in international markets, specifically in China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Bangladesh, El Salvador, Laos, and Greece. Jon Hoerauf joined the company as president in 2012, assuming the additional role of general manager in 2016. During the early 2020s, Arc'teryx co-produced items with high-fashion brands and designers which expanded their consumer market beyond outdoor enthusiasts. Divisions Veilance Arc'teryx launched their luxury formal urban-wear brand in 2009, branded as Arc'teryx Veilance. LEAF Arc'teryx's Law Enforcement and Armed Forces (LEAF) line is aimed at the military and police market. In the consumer and Internet market, it is often referred to as ""military birds"". Some of the collections are designed for their civilian counterparts, while others, such as Arc'teryx's Tango and Charlie backpacks, feature camouflage designs that are entirely geared toward the military. In contrast, military bird products use dark colors and military colors. Only a handful of products, such as the Alpha jacket, are currently made in Canada, while the rest, such as Assault Shirt, are made overseas, such as in El Salvador and Vietnam. Subculture Arc'teryx has become widely popular in the street fashion scene and Internet culture. The theft (""racking"") of Arc'teryx and other Gore-Tex items is considered to be part of the street subculture. It is seen as a high-end status symbol among youth, ""just shy of Stone Island and Moncler."" The Atlantic noted the brand as selling ""premium-tier outdoorsiness"" while the Financial Times noted one of their largest demographics as ""urbanites"" in 2022. Labeled a cult brand by Fast Company in 2021, Arc'teryx is worn by "" hikers and hype-beasts"" according to The New York Times. The company is a major influence in the ""gorpcore"" and ""normcore"" fashion movements – the wearing of minimalist, outdoor apparel in urban settings, along with Mammut, REI, Marmot and Patagonia. Throughout 2022, a TikTok trend emerged where individuals would shower, fully clothed with an Arc'teryx jacket, as British rapper YT's song ""Arc'teryx"" played on background.","- Arc'teryx is a Canadian company which produces high-tech outdoor gears - Their best known products include waterproof Gore-Tex shell jackets, knitwear, and down parkas - Started as a company selling climbing gears, the company went through several re-branding and, in early 2020s, co-produced items with high-fashion brands which expanded their consumer market beyond outdoor enthusiasts - The company owns two branches, one for commercial consumers, the other for military and police market - The company, especially its Gore-Tex product line, has become a popular urban street fashion and has a major influence in the ""gorpcore"" and ""normcore"" fashion movements, along with similar brands such as Mammut, REI, Marmot and Patagonia",summarization What is the largest land animal in the world?,,African Elephant,open_qa how to give a great presentation,,"Giving a great presentation requires a combination of effective planning, engaging delivery, and thoughtful audience engagement. Here are some tips to help you create and deliver a successful presentation: Understand your audience: Before creating your presentation, research your audience to understand their interests, knowledge level, and expectations. This will help you tailor your content to their needs and make your presentation more engaging. Plan your content: Create a clear and concise outline that covers the main points you want to make. Use visuals, such as slides or videos, to support your message, but don't overload your presentation with too many images or text. Practice, practice, practice: Rehearse your presentation several times, preferably in front of a small audience or mirror. This will help you feel more confident and comfortable with your delivery. Use engaging delivery techniques: Use your voice, body language, and eye contact to engage your audience. Vary your tone and pace to keep your audience interested and use gestures and movements to emphasize your points. Encourage audience participation: Ask questions, invite feedback, and create opportunities for your audience to engage with you. This will help keep their attention and create a more interactive presentation. Be authentic and passionate: Show your enthusiasm for your topic and let your personality shine through. Your audience will be more engaged if they can see that you're passionate about what you're presenting. Close with a strong ending: Summarize your main points and leave your audience with a clear call to action or a memorable takeaway. This will help them remember your presentation and take action on your message. By following these tips, you can give a great presentation that engages and informs your audience. Remember to practice, be yourself, and have fun!",creative_writing Where can I find Leptodactylus tapiti?,"Leptodactylus tapiti is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are moist savanna, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and rivers.","Leptodactylus tapiti is a species of frog that are native to Brazil. Its natural habitats are moist savanna, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and rivers.",closed_qa How many planets are there in the solar system?,,There are 8 planets in the solar system.,open_qa Where is the first Summer Olympics held?,,"Athens, Greece 1896",open_qa Write a paragraph on why visit and stay at Marysville in Victoria Australia.,,"Maryville is located 120km from Melbourne. Nestled just past the Victorian Yarra Valley, Marysville offers a range of activities for the outdoor enthusiast. Mountain Biking, Bush Walking and during winter Marysville's Lake Mountain is the closest snow resort to the Melbourne CBD. Marysville has some fantastic accommodation options from Caravan Parks all the way to high-end houses for multiple families to enjoy time together. A magnificent location to get away and feel connected with nature. Marysville also has some amazing places to enjoy a meal. From the Duck Inn Pub to the various other eatery options Marysville caters for all tastes and budgets.",creative_writing "Given a reference about the creation of the UFC, tell me the member of the Gracie family who co-created the UFC and the city they hosted the first UFC event.","The UFC was founded by businessman Art Davie and Brazilian martial artist Rorion Gracie, and the first event was held in 1993 at the McNichols Sports Arena in Denver, Colorado. The purpose of the early Ultimate Fighting Championship competitions was to identify the most effective martial art in a contest with minimal rules and no weight classes between competitors of different fighting disciplines.",Rorion Gracie is the co-creator. The first event was held in Denver. Colorado.,closed_qa "Based on this paragraph from Wikipedia, what's the origin of the word Kubernetes?","Kubernetes (/ˌk(j)uːbərˈnɛtɪs, -ˈneɪtɪs, -ˈneɪtiːz, -ˈnɛtiːz/, commonly abbreviated K8s) is an open-source container orchestration system for automating software deployment, scaling, and management. Originally designed by Google, the project is now maintained by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation. The name Kubernetes originates from Greek, meaning 'helmsman' or 'pilot'. Kubernetes is often abbreviated as K8s, counting the eight letters between the K and the s (a numeronym). Kubernetes works with containerd and CRI-O. Its suitability for running and managing large cloud-native workloads has led to widespread adoption of it in the data center. There are multiple distributions of this platform – from ISVs as well as hosted-on cloud offerings from all the major public cloud vendors.",Kubernetes originates from the Greek word for Helmsman.,closed_qa Which parks are popular in London?,"A 2013 report by the City of London Corporation said that London is the ""greenest city"" in Europe with 14,164 hectares (35,000 acres) of public parks, woodlands and gardens. The largest parks in the central area of London are three of the eight Royal Parks, namely Hyde Park and its neighbour Kensington Gardens in the west, and Regent's Park to the north. Hyde Park in particular is popular for sports and sometimes hosts open-air concerts. Regent's Park contains London Zoo, the world's oldest scientific zoo, and is near Madame Tussauds Wax Museum. Primrose Hill, immediately to the north of Regent's Park, at 256 feet (78 m) is a popular spot from which to view the city skyline.","Popular parks in London includes Hyde Park, Regent's Park and Kensington Gardens.",closed_qa What is Christianity?,,"Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.4 billion followers representing one-third of the global population. Its adherents, known as Christians, are estimated to make up a majority of the population in 157 countries and territories, and believe that Jesus is the Son of God, whose coming as the Messiah was prophesied in the Hebrew Bible (called the Old Testament in Christianity) and chronicled in the New Testament.",open_qa "Select the dishes that are Chinese from this menu: hamburger, pizza, fried rice, soup dumplings, spaghetti, scallion pancakes.",,"From this list, the dishes that can be found in a Chinese menu are fried rice, soup dumplings, and scallion pancakes.",classification Who won the WNBA championship in 2018?,,Seattle Storm,open_qa Who is the company Adecco,"The Adecco Group, is a Swiss–French company based in Zurich, Switzerland. It is the world's second largest Human Resources provider and temporary staffing firm, and a Fortune Global 500 company. The Adecco Group global headquarters in Zurich is located in Bellerivestrasse since 2017 The Adecco Group global headquarters in Zurich is located in Bellerivestrasse since 2017 They directly employ 700,000 people a day, and with the expansion of its operations to China, the number of people working under them totals up to 3.5 million.","The Adecco Group, is a Swiss–French company based in Zurich, Switzerland. It is the world's second largest Human Resources provider and temporary staffing firm, and a Fortune Global 500 company.",summarization What does Midnight Sun mean?,"Midnight sun is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the summer months in places north of the Arctic Circle or south of the Antarctic Circle, when the Sun remains visible at the local midnight. When midnight sun is seen in the Arctic, the Sun appears to move from left to right, but in Antarctica the equivalent apparent motion is from right to left. This occurs at latitudes from 65°44' to 90° north or south, and does not stop exactly at the Arctic Circle or the Antarctic Circle, due to refraction.","Midnight sun is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the summer months in places north of the Arctic Circle or south of the Antarctic Circle, when the Sun remains visible at the local midnight.",closed_qa How many times was Edinburgh Castle besieged in its long history?,"Edinburgh Castle is a historic castle in Edinburgh, Scotland. It stands on Castle Rock, which has been occupied by humans since at least the Iron Age, although the nature of the early settlement is unclear. There has been a royal castle on the rock since at least the reign of David I in the 12th century, and the site continued to be a royal residence until 1633. From the 15th century, the castle's residential role declined, and by the 17th century it was principally used as military barracks with a large garrison. Its importance as a part of Scotland's national heritage was recognised increasingly from the early 19th century onwards, and various restoration programmes have been carried out over the past century and a half. As one of the most important strongholds in the Kingdom of Scotland, Edinburgh Castle was involved in many historical conflicts from the Wars of Scottish Independence in the 14th century to the Jacobite rising of 1745. Research undertaken in 2014 identified 26 sieges in its 1,100-year history, giving it a claim to having been ""the most besieged place in Great Britain and one of the most attacked in the world"".","Recent research - in the last ten years - has identified that the castle was attacked (besieged) 26 times in the course of its 1,100 year history. This meant it was almost constantly being attacked, destroyed and rebuilt. And at one point - in the 14th century - the castle was intentionally destroyed by Edward The Bruce after he had recaptured it, to prevent further attacks from happening on the same spot.",information_extraction What is the Boone and Crockett Club?,"Yellowstone was part of a federally governed territory. With no state government that could assume stewardship of the land, the federal government took on direct responsibility for the park, the official first national park of the United States. The combined effort and interest of conservationists, politicians and the Northern Pacific Railroad ensured the passage of enabling legislation by the United States Congress to create Yellowstone National Park. Theodore Roosevelt and his group of conservationists, the Boone and Crockett Club, were active campaigners and were highly influential in convincing fellow Republicans and big business to back the bill. Yellowstone National Park soon played a pivotal role in the conservation of these national treasures, as it was suffering at the hands of poachers and others who stood at the ready to pillage what they could from the area. Theodore Roosevelt and his newly formed Boone and Crockett Club successfully took the lead in protecting Yellowstone National Park from this plight, resulting in laws designed to conserve the natural resources in Yellowstone and other parks under the Government's purview.",The Boone and Crockett Club is a group of conservationists who campaigned with Theodore Roosevelt to pass a bill in the US Congress that established Yellowstone National Park.,information_extraction What is one of Poseidon's many powers?,"The Call to Adventure The hero begins in a situation of normality from which some information is received that acts as a call to head off into the unknown. According to Campbell, this region is represented by a distant land, a forest, a kingdom underground, beneath the waves, or above the sky, a secret island, lofty mountaintop, or profound dream state; but it is always a place of strangely fluid and polymorphous beings, unimaginable torments, superhuman deeds, and impossible delight. The hero can go forth of their own volition to accomplish the adventure, as did Theseus when he arrived in his father's city, Athens, and heard the horrible history of the Minotaur; or they may be carried or sent abroad by some benign or malignant agent as was Odysseus, driven about the Mediterranean by the winds of the angered god, Poseidon. The adventure may begin as a mere blunder... or still, again, one may be only casually strolling when some passing phenomenon catches the wandering eye and lures one away from the frequented paths of man. Examples might be multiplied, ad infinitum, from every corner of the world.",Poseidon has power to control the winds that guide ships on the seas of the Mediterranean.,closed_qa "From the text below about the history of peanut butter, where can the first reference be traced from?","The earliest references to peanut butter can be traced to Aztec and Inca civilizations, who ground roasted peanuts into a paste.[clarification needed] However, several people can be credited with the invention of modern peanut butter and the processes involved in making it.[according to whom?] The US National Peanut Board credits three modern inventors with the earliest patents related to the production of modern peanut butter. Marcellus Gilmore Edson of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, obtained the first patent for a method of producing peanut butter from roasted peanuts using heated surfaces in 1884. Edson's cooled product had ""a consistency like that of butter, lard, or ointment"" according to his patent application which described a process of milling roasted peanuts until the peanuts reached ""a fluid or semi-fluid state"". He mixed sugar into the paste to harden its consistency.[citation needed]",The earliest reference to peanut butter can be traced to Aztec and Inca civilizations.,closed_qa Tell me some brief highlights as to why adopting a vegan diet is a better choice.,,"Vegan diets provide many benefits, including: - Reducing one's individual contributions to carbon emissions by electing to not eat farmed meat - Lowering one's risks of cardiovascular disease - Lowering one's risks of possessing high cholesterol - Adopting a healthier diet by consuming more fruits, vegetables, and fiber - Having fewer intolerances to trigger foods, such as dairy - Appreciation from animals that won't be eaten",creative_writing What does the company Navibulgar do,,"Navibulgar is a Bulgarian shipping company, the largest in the country, with a fleet of 70 vessels: 46 bulk carriers, 9 container vessels, 5 tanker and chemical vessels, and 10 combined tonnage vessels, including their new 30,700-tonne ship, which became a part of their fleet in June 2012.",open_qa What is Microfinance?,,"Microfinance refers to the financial services provided to low-income individuals or groups who are typically excluded from traditional banking. Most microfinance institutions focus on offering credit in the form of small working capital loans, sometimes called microloans or microcredit.",open_qa "Given this text about speakers of varieties of Louisiana French, has the number of French speakers in Texas increased or decreased since the middle of the twentieth century?","Reliable counts of speakers of Louisiana French are difficult to obtain as distinct from other varieties of French. However, the vast majority of native residents of Louisiana and east and southeast Texas who speak French are likely speakers of Louisiana French. In Louisiana, as of 2010, the population of French speakers was approximately 115,183. These populations were concentrated most heavily in the southern, coastal parishes. In Texas, as of 2010, the French-speaking population was 55,773, though many of these were likely immigrants from France and other locations, living in the urban areas. Nevertheless, in the rural eastern/southeastern Texas counties of Orange, Jefferson, Chambers, Newton, Jasper, Tyler, Liberty, and Hardin alone—areas where it can be reasonably presumed that almost all French speakers are Louisiana French speakers—the total French-speaking population was composed of 3,400 individuals. It is likely a substantial portion of the 14,493 speakers in Houston's Harris county are also Louisiana French speakers. With this in mind, a marked decline in the number of French speakers in Texas has been noticed in the last half of the twentieth century. For example, at one point[when?] the French-speaking population of Jefferson County was 24,049 as compared to the mere 1,922 today. Likewise, in Harris County the French-speaking population has shifted from 26,796 to 14,493 individuals. Louisiana French-speaking populations can also be found in southern Mississippi and Alabama, as well as pockets in other parts of the United States.","It has generally decreased. For example, in the second half of the twentieth century, the French-speaking population of Jefferson County was 24,049 as compared to 1,922 today. Similarly, in Harris County the French-speaking population has shifted from 26,796 to 14,493.",closed_qa "From the following passage, extract the device used to shoot this film.","High Flying Bird is a 2019 American sports drama film directed by Steven Soderbergh, from a story suggested by André Holland, with the screenplay by Tarell Alvin McCraney. The film stars Holland, Zazie Beetz, Melvin Gregg, Sonja Sohn, Zachary Quinto, Glenn Fleshler, Jeryl Prescott, Justin Hurtt-Dunkley, Caleb McLaughlin, Bobbi Bordley, Kyle MacLachlan and Bill Duke, with additional appearances of basketball players Reggie Jackson, Karl-Anthony Towns and Donovan Mitchell. The film follows a sports agent who must pull off a plan in 72 hours, pitching a controversial opportunity to his client, a rookie basketball player during the company’s lockout. The film was shot entirely on the iPhone 8, becoming Soderbergh's second film to be shot on an iPhone, after Unsane.",High Flying Bird is a 2019 American sports drama film that was shot on the iPhone 8.,information_extraction What is the main language spoken in Latin America?,,Spanish is the main language in Latin America. There are 18 countries with Spanish as the official language. Each country has regional words and their own accent. Spanish in Latin America is sometimes referred to as 'Castellano' which refers to the Castile area of Spain.,open_qa What's the population of Mattim Birta?,"Mattim Birta is a town and Village Development Committee in Khotang District in the Sagarmatha Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5,021 persons residing in 899 individual households.","The population of Mattim Birta in Nepal is 5,021 people.",summarization What are the health benefits of walking for exercise?,"Regular, brisk exercise of any kind can improve confidence, stamina, energy, weight control and life expectancy and reduces stress. It can also decrease the risk of coronary heart disease, strokes, diabetes, high blood pressure, bowel cancer and osteoporosis. Scientific studies have also shown that walking, besides its physical benefits, is also beneficial for the mind, improving memory skills, learning ability, concentration, mood, creativity, and abstract reasoning. Sustained walking sessions for a minimum period of thirty to sixty minutes a day, five days a week, with the correct walking posture, reduce health risks and have various overall health benefits, such as reducing the chances of cancer, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, anxiety disorder and depression. Life expectancy is also increased even for individuals suffering from obesity or high blood pressure. Walking also improves bone health, especially strengthening the hip bone, and lowering the harmful low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and raising the useful high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Studies have found that walking may also help prevent dementia and Alzheimer's.","Walking daily, as little as 30 minutes a day, provides several physical and mental benefits. It can lower stress, is beneficial for the mind and reduces several health risks.",summarization Please tell me about burgundy wine,"Burgundy wine (French: Bourgogne or vin de Bourgogne) is made in the Burgundy region of eastern France, in the valleys and slopes west of the Saône, a tributary of the Rhône. The most famous wines produced here, and those commonly referred to as ""Burgundies,"" are dry red wines made from pinot noir grapes and white wines made from chardonnay grapes. Burgundy has a higher number of appellations d'origine contrôlée (AOCs) than any other French region, and is often seen as the most terroir-conscious of the French wine regions. The various Burgundy AOCs are classified from carefully delineated grand cru vineyards down to more non-specific regional appellations. There are 100 Appellations in Burgundy and these are classified into four quality categories. These are Bourgogne, village, premier cru and grand cru.","Burgundy wine aka Bourgogne in French is made in Burgundy region of eastern France. The most famous red wines coming out of this region are dry and made out of red pinot noir grapes and white wines are from chardonnay grapes. There are 100 Appellations in Burgundy and these are classified into four categories - Bourgogne, village, premier cru and grand cru.",summarization Jot down some points about University of Liverpool from given text,"The University of Liverpool (abbreviated UOL) is a public research university based in the city of Liverpool, England. Founded as a college in 1881, it gained its Royal Charter in 1903 with the ability to award degrees, and is also known to be one of the six 'red brick' civic universities, the first to be referred to as The Original Red Brick. It comprises three faculties organised into 35 departments and schools. It is a founding member of the Russell Group, the N8 Group for research collaboration and the university management school is triple crown accredited.","1. The institution of Liverpool is a public research institution with its main campus in Liverpool, England (abbreviated UOL). 2. The Original Red Brick was the first of the six civic universities known as ""red bricks,"" and it was established in 1881 as a college before receiving its Royal Charter in 1903, enabling it to grant degrees. 3. It has 35 departments and schools divided into three faculties. 4. The university management school has earned the triple crown of accreditation, and it is a founding member of the Russell Group and the N8 Group for research collaboration.",summarization Which author created Dick Tracy,,Chester Gould,open_qa Write one paragraph on the relevance of AI/ML in the field of Data Engineering,,"AI/ML can be used for multiple aspects of Data Engineering including but not limited to data pipeline automation, automated anomaly detection frameworks, automated data quality improvement, table relationship detection (Primary Key/Foreign Key relationship detection), automated semantic data model creation and mapping, etc. Each one of these applications has the potential for significant impact in the Data Engineering field whether in terms of people hours saved through automation, the feasibility of capabilities which were not economically viable before because of labor costs or other factors.",creative_writing What is YouTube?,,YouTube is a consumer video-sharing platform owned by Alphabet.,open_qa Who was declared as Person of the Year by Time Magazine in 2019?,,"Greta Thunberg, Swedish environmental activist who is known for challenging world leaders to take immediate action for climate change mitigation.",open_qa "Given a reference text about Lollapalooza, where does it take place, who started it and what is it?","Lollapalooza /ˌlɒləpəˈluːzə/ (Lolla) is an annual American four-day music festival held in Grant Park in Chicago. It originally started as a touring event in 1991, but several years later, Chicago became its permanent location. Music genres include but are not limited to alternative rock, heavy metal, punk rock, hip hop, and electronic dance music. Lollapalooza has also featured visual arts, nonprofit organizations, and political organizations. The festival, held in Grant Park, hosts an estimated 400,000 people each July and sells out annually. Lollapalooza is one of the largest and most iconic music festivals in the world and one of the longest-running in the United States. Lollapalooza was conceived and created in 1991 as a farewell tour by Perry Farrell, singer of the group Jane's Addiction.","Lollapalooze is an annual musical festival held in Grant Park in Chicago, Illinois. It was started in 1991 as a farewell tour by Perry Farrell, singe of the group Jane's Addiction. The festival includes an array of musical genres including alternative rock, heavy metal, punk rock, hip hop, and electronic dance music. The festivals welcomes an estimated 400,000 people each year and sells out annually. Some notable headliners include: the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Chance the Rapper, Metallica, and Lady Gage. Lollapalooza is one of the largest and most iconic festivals in the world and a staple of Chicago.",closed_qa What does the Atomic Energy Research Establishment School do,"Atomic Energy Research Establishment School & College, former name A. E. R. E High School (Bengali: পরমাণু শক্তি গবেষণা প্রতিষ্ঠান স্কুল এন্ড কলেজ), is a school in Savar Upazila, Dhaka, Bangladesh. History It was established as a high school for the children of employees residing at Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE) campus and also the children from surrounding areas in 1983. After 2008 it has been enlarged as a college which has been named as Atomic Energy Research Establishment School and College. It is a part of AERE, under Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission. It is maintained by a governing body headed by the DG of AERE. Now there are more than 1,600 students in various classes, more than 37 teachers and 13 office stuffs are working there.","The Atomic Energy Research Establishment School & College, former name A. E. R. E High School is a school in Savar Upazila, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was established as a high school for the children of employees residing at Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE) campus and also the children from surrounding areas in 1983. After 2008 it has been enlarged as a college which has been named as Atomic Energy Research Establishment School and College. It is a part of AERE, under Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission. It is maintained by a governing body headed by the DG of AERE. Now there are more than 1,600 students in various classes, more than 37 teachers and 13 office stuffs are working there.",summarization Who is Bon Jovi,"Bon Jovi is an American rock band formed in 1983 in Sayreville, New Jersey. It consists of singer Jon Bon Jovi, keyboardist David Bryan, drummer Tico Torres, guitarist Phil X, and bassist Hugh McDonald. Original bassist Alec John Such quit the band in 1994, and longtime guitarist and co-songwriter Richie Sambora left in 2013. The band has been credited with "" the gap between heavy metal and pop with style and ease"".","Bon Jovi is an American rock band formed in 1983 in Sayreville, New Jersey. It consists of singer Jon Bon Jovi, keyboardist David Bryan, drummer Tico Torres, guitarist Phil X, and bassist Hugh McDonald. Original bassist Alec John Such quit the band in 1994, and longtime guitarist and co-songwriter Richie Sambora left in 2013. The band has been credited with bridging the gap between heavy metal and pop with style and ease.",summarization "From the passage provided, extract the country which hosted the 2022 world cup.","The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The tournament has been held every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War. The reigning champions are Argentina, who won their third title at the 2022 tournament. The format involves a qualification phase, which takes place over the preceding three years, to determine which teams qualify for the tournament phase. In the tournament phase, 32 teams compete for the title at venues within the host nation(s) over about a month. The host nation(s) automatically qualify to the group stage of the tournament. The FIFA World Cup has been scheduled to expand to 48 teams for the 2026 tournament. As of the 2022 FIFA World Cup, 22 final tournaments have been held and a total of 80 national teams have competed. The trophy has been won by eight national teams. Brazil, with five wins, are the only team to have played in every tournament. The other World Cup winners are Germany and Italy, with four titles each; Argentina, with three titles; France and inaugural winner Uruguay, each with two titles; and England and Spain, with one title each. The World Cup is the most prestigious association football tournament in the world, as well as the most widely viewed and followed single sporting event in the world. The viewership of the 2018 World Cup was estimated to be 3.57 billion (close to half of the global population), while the engagement with 2022 World Cup was estimated to be around 5 billion with close to 1.5 billion people watching the final match. Seventeen countries have hosted the World Cup, most recently Qatar, who hosted the 2022 edition. The 2026 tournament will be jointly hosted by Canada, the United States and Mexico, which will give Mexico the distinction of being the first country to host games in three World Cups.",Qatar hosted 2022 FIFA World Cup,information_extraction What are some examples of CPU architectures that do not use a dedicated flag register?,"Some CPU architectures, such as the MIPS and Alpha, do not use a dedicated flag register. Others do not implicitly set and/or read flags. Such machines either do not pass implicit status information between instructions at all, or they pass it in an explicitly selected general purpose register.",Some examples of CPU architectures that do not use a dedicated flag register include MIPS and Alpha.,information_extraction What is the name of the major school of praxiology not developed by Ludwig von Mises,"In philosophy, praxeology or praxiology (/ˌpræksiˈɒlədʒi/; from Ancient Greek πρᾶξις (praxis) 'deed, action', and -λογία (-logia) 'study of') is the theory of human action, based on the notion that humans engage in purposeful behavior, contrary to reflexive behavior and other unintentional behavior. French social philosopher Alfred Espinas gave the term its modern meaning, and praxeology was developed independently by two principal groups: the Austrian school, led by Ludwig von Mises, and the Polish school, led by Tadeusz Kotarbiński.","The major school of praxiology not developed by Ludwig von Mises is the Polish school, which was led by Tadeusz Kotarbiński.",closed_qa What is Pullman National Historical Park?,"Pullman National Historical Park is a historic district located in Chicago and was the first model, planned industrial community in the United States. The district had its origins in the manufacturing plans and organization of the Pullman Company and became one of the most well-known company towns in the United States, as well as the scene of the violent 1894 Pullman strike. It was built for George Pullman as a place to produce the famous Pullman sleeping cars.","Pullman National Historical Park is a historic district located in Chicago and was the first model, planned industrial community in the United States. It was built for George Pullman as a place to produce the famous Pullman sleeping cars.The park was made a national monument by president Barack Obama on February 19, 2015. The district had its origins in the manufacturing plans and organization of the Pullman Company and became one of the most well-known company towns in the United States, as well as the scene of the violent 1894 Pullman strike. During the strike the American Railway Union led by Eugene V. Debs boycotted the company following the panic of 1893 crippling railroad traffic in the United States. Thousands of U.S marshals and army troops were deployed to break up the strike. The strike ultimately changed the American labor landscape showing the power a union could have against an industry.",information_extraction Tell me some point by point details about Art Deco using given text as a reference,"Art Deco, short for the French Arts Décoratifs, and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the United States and Europe during the 1920s and 1930s. Through styling and design of the exterior and interior of anything from large structures to small objects, including how people look (clothing, fashion and jewelry), Art Deco has influenced bridges, buildings (from skyscrapers to cinemas), ships, ocean liners, trains, cars, trucks, buses, furniture, and everyday objects like radios and vacuum cleaners.","1. A style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, Art Deco—short for the French Arts Décoratifs—first debuted in France in the 1910s, soon before World War I, and flourished in the United States and Europe in the 1920s and 1930s. 2. Art Deco has influenced bridges, buildings (from skyscrapers to cinemas), ships, ocean liners, trains, cars, trucks, buses, furniture, and common household items like radios and vacuum cleaners. 3. Art Deco has also influenced styling and design of the exterior and interior of anything from large structures to small objects, as well as how people look (clothing, fashion, and jewellery).",summarization Why have modern newspapers declined in the 21st century?,,Modern newspapers have declined due to a loss of advertising revenue in the 21st century with the rise of digital media as a serious source of competition,open_qa What is the Six Flags Great Escape Lodge,"Six Flags Great Escape Lodge & Indoor Waterpark is a resort and waterpark, located in Queensbury, New York that first opened in 2006. The resort is owned and operated by Six Flags. History The resort officially opened on February 7, 2006 and became the first one in the state of New York to feature an indoor waterpark. It features 200 rooms and a 38,000-square-foot water park called White Water Bay. The park is opened year-round and constant 80-degree water temperature. On the other side across US 9 is the Six Flags theme park, Great Escape. This is the second resort the company has built, the first being Lodge on the Lake next to Darien Lake that opened in 1998. In November 2012, it announced an annual event, Holiday in the Lodge, to celebrate Christmas.","Six Flags Great Escape Lodge & Indoor Waterpark is a resort and waterpark, located in Queensbury, New York that first opened in 2006. The resort is owned and operated by Six Flags.",summarization What qualities do Australian Cattle Dogs have?,,"Australian Cattle Dogs are loyal, driven and highly energetic breed. They were raised in Australia to heard cattle and were exposed to extreme conditions making them highly resilient. They are loving animals and can be protective of their families. Activity is important to Cattle Dogs as they are very smart and need mental stimulation to be satisfied with their quality of life.",open_qa How well establish is the Cuban red-tailed hawk as a species?,"The Cuban red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis solitudinus) is a subspecies of red-tailed hawk native to the Bahamas, Florida, and Cuba. Like other island races, the validity of this subspecies has been called into question, but it has its defenders as well. Generally, this subspecies appears as a diminutive version of B. j. umbrinus in plumage characteristics but is considerably isolated from that race.","The validity of this subspecies has been called into question, but it has its defenders as well.",information_extraction Name different games that can be played at a casino in Las Vegas.,,"Games that can be played at a casino in Las Vegas include poker, blackjack, roulette, slot machines, and craps.",open_qa Who is the protagonist in CyberPunk 2077?,"Cyberpunk 2077 is a 2020 action role-playing video game developed by CD Projekt Red and published by CD Projekt. Set in Night City, an open world set in the Cyberpunk universe, players assume the role of a customisable mercenary known as V, who can acquire skills in hacking and machinery with options for melee and ranged combat. The main story follows V's struggle as they deal with a mysterious cybernetic implant that threatens to overwrite their body with the personality and memories of a deceased celebrity only perceived by V; the two must work together to be separated and save V's life.","The main story revolves around the protagonist V, as they deal with a mysterious cybernetic implant that threatens to overwrite their body with another person's memories.",closed_qa Who is the protagonist in CyberPunk 2077?,"Cyberpunk 2077 is a 2020 action role-playing video game developed by CD Projekt Red and published by CD Projekt. Set in Night City, an open world set in the Cyberpunk universe, players assume the role of a customisable mercenary known as V, who can acquire skills in hacking and machinery with options for melee and ranged combat. The main story follows V's struggle as they deal with a mysterious cybernetic implant that threatens to overwrite their body with the personality and memories of a deceased celebrity only perceived by V; the two must work together to be separated and save V's life.","The main story revolves around the protagonist V, as they deal with a mysterious cybernetic implant that threatens to overwrite their body with another person's memories.",closed_qa Who was the original singer of Static-X?,,"The original singer of metal band, Static-X, was Wayne Static.",open_qa "Based on this paragraph, which two objects account for the majority of the mass of the Solar System?","The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and the objects that orbit it. It formed 4.6 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud. The vast majority (99.86%) of the system's mass is in the Sun, with most of the remaining mass contained in the planet Jupiter. The planetary system around the Sun contains eight planets. The four inner system planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars—are terrestrial planets, being composed primarily of rock and metal. The four giant planets of the outer system are substantially larger and more massive than the terrestrials. The two largest, Jupiter and Saturn, are gas giants, being composed mainly of hydrogen and helium; the next two, Uranus and Neptune, are ice giants, being composed mostly of volatile substances with relatively high melting points compared with hydrogen and helium, such as water, ammonia, and methane. All eight planets have nearly circular orbits that lie near the plane of Earth's orbit, called the ecliptic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System","Based on this paragraph, the Sun and Jupiter are the two objects that account for the majority of the mass of the Solar System, with the Sun responsible for 99.86% of the total.",closed_qa What types of ritual use Ayahuasca?,"Ayahuasca[note 1] is a South American psychoactive and entheogenic brewed drink traditionally used both socially and as a ceremonial or shamanic spiritual medicine among the indigenous peoples of the Amazon basin, and more recently in North America and Europe. The tea causes altered states of consciousness often known as ""psychedelic experiences"" which include visual hallucinations and altered perceptions of reality.",Ayahuasca is used both socially and as a ceremonial or shamanic spiritual medicine,closed_qa Please summarize President Joe Biden's statement below.,"I’ve directed my team to bring every element of the federal government together to help with immediate needs and long-term rebuilding. Early this morning, I approved an expedited major disaster declaration to quickly provide Federal assistance to the people of Arkansas. This weekend, I reached out to Governor J.B. Pritzker of Illinois and spoke with Governor Sarah Huckabee Sanders, Little Rock Mayor Frank Scott Jr., and Wynne Mayor Jennifer Hobbs of Arkansas as well as Governor John Carney of Delaware to let them know that my administration will do everything we can to help, as long as it takes. I also spoke with my FEMA Administrator, who already has teams on the ground and is in Arkansas today to coordinate Federal response and recovery efforts. We are working closely with the state of Indiana and other impacted states as they assess damages, and stand ready to respond to any additional requests for Federal assistance.","I approved disaster assistance for Arkansas. I told Arkansas leaders that the federal government will help. I spoke with the FEMA Administrator, who is coordinating efforts. We will work with other states that need assistance.",summarization Who is the singer in Bon Iver?,Bon Iver (/ˌboʊn iːˈvɛər/ BOHN ee-VAIR) is an American indie folk band founded in 2006 by singer-songwriter Justin Vernon.,Justin Vernon is the singer-songwriter in Bon Iver.,closed_qa What were Ansel Adams key achievements?,"Ansel Easton Adams (February 20, 1902 – April 22, 1984) was an American landscape photographer and environmentalist known for his black-and-white images of the American West. He helped found Group f/64, an association of photographers advocating ""pure"" photography which favored sharp focus and the use of the full tonal range of a photograph. He and Fred Archer developed a system of image-making called the Zone System, a method of achieving a desired final print through a technical understanding of how the tonal range of an image is the result of choices made in exposure, negative development, and printing. Adams was a life-long advocate for environmental conservation, and his photographic practice was deeply entwined with this advocacy. At age 12, he was given his first camera during his first visit to Yosemite National Park. He developed his early photographic work as a member of the Sierra Club. He was later contracted with the United States Department of the Interior to make photographs of national parks. For his work and his persistent advocacy, which helped expand the National Park system, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1980.",Ansel Adams was a famous landscape photographer and environmentalist. His photography focused on black-and-white photos of the American West. He garnered critical acclaim for his technical understanding of imaging along with being a vocal advocate for environmental conservation. He won the Presidential Medal of Freedom for helping to expand the National Park System through his photography.,summarization Why is soccer the most popular sport in the world?,,Soccer is the most popular sport in the world because of several reasons including: It is easy to understand the rules and thus it is easy to play. The scoring system is simple - one goal equals 1 point. It does not require a lot of equipment. As a soccer player you have a lot of freedom in decision making compared to other sports like American football where players are expected to follow specific directions and plays from the coach. Soccer can be played in many different formats - from official team sizes with 11 players vs. 11 players to smaller teams of 2 players vs 2 players. Soccer is fun and exciting to play or watch.,open_qa Who is Marshall Strickland,"Marshall Strickland (born March 1, 1983) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball at Indiana University for four years from 2002 to 2006. He is originally from Kingston, Massachusetts and went to Winchendon Prep in Winchendon before transferring to South Carroll High School in Carroll County, Maryland. He is 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) tall and weighs 195 pounds (88 kg). He is the son of Marshall and Joanna Strickland, and younger brother of former Maryland Terrapins star Marche Strickland. Marshall is a graduate of the University of Maryland School of Dentistry in 2017.","Marshall Strickland (born March 1, 1983) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball at Indiana University for four years from 2002 to 2006. He is originally from Kingston, Massachusetts and went to Winchendon Prep in Winchendon before transferring to South Carroll High School in Carroll County, Maryland. He is 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) tall and weighs 195 pounds (88 kg). He is the son of Marshall and Joanna Strickland, and younger brother of former Maryland Terrapins star Marche Strickland. Marshall is a graduate of the University of Maryland School of Dentistry in 2017.",summarization Who wrote Gone with the Wind,,Margaret Mitchell,open_qa "Based on the following passage regarding the economy of Sweden, what is the economic sector that accounts for the largest output?","Sweden is an export-oriented mixed economy featuring a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber, hydropower and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Sweden's engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. Telecommunications, the automotive industry and the pharmaceutical industries are also of great importance. Agriculture accounts for 2 percent of GDP and employment. The armaments industry has a technologically highly advanced reputation.","According to this passage, the engineering sector accounts for the largest output, generating 50% of output and exports.",information_extraction Best Actor award in 27th Screen Actors Guild(SAG) Awards was given posthumously to whom?,,Chadwick Boseman for Black Bottom,open_qa How would you define electricity based on the following paragraph?,"Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others. The presence of either a positive or negative electric charge produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. In most applications, a force acts on a charge with a magnitude given by Coulomb's law. Electric potential is typically measured in volts. Electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies, being used for: Electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment; Electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though progress in theoretical understanding remained slow until the 17th and 18th centuries. The theory of electromagnetism was developed in the 19th century, and by the end of that century electricity was being put to industrial and residential use by electrical engineers. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at this time transformed industry and society, becoming a driving force for the Second Industrial Revolution. Electricity's extraordinary versatility means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which include transport, heating, lighting, communications, and computation. Electrical power is now the backbone of modern industrial society.",Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge.,information_extraction Which country produces the most wine on an annual basis?,,Italy,open_qa What is a good city to visit in Michigan in the summer?,,"Michigan is well known for the variety of activities it offers year round. In the summer, camping, golfing, bicycling, hiking and swimming are some of the popular activities locals and visitors enjoy. While there are many great cities in the state that cater to these and other activities, a perennial favorite is Traverse City. Traverse City is located on the western side of Michigan right on Lake Michigan and Grand Traverse Bay. This side of Michigan is often referred to as the Middle or Third Coast given the abundant shoreline. Traverse City is known for ease of access to all of the activities listed above as well as offering a small town feel with larger city amenities. There are also numerous cities and destinations all within a day’s drive including the famous Sleeping Bear Sand Dunes national lakeshore. The western side of Michigan is also known for its wine production and Traverse City has over 30 wineries within a 30 minute drive. Throughout the summer, Traverse City hosts many events, the most famous being the National Cherry Festival as Michigan is the largest tart cherry producing state in the US.",creative_writing Where is the Black See?,"The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. The Black Sea is supplied by major rivers, principally the Danube, Dnieper, and Don. Consequently, while six countries have a coastline on the sea, its drainage basin includes parts of 24 countries in Europe.","The Black Sea is lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine.",closed_qa Are alpacas and llamas the same thing?,,"No, alpacas and llamas are related species but are not the same species. Both are natives of South America, but are slightly different sizes and have different physical features",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the most recent stable version of C#","C# (pronounced C sharp) is a general-purpose high-level programming language supporting multiple paradigms. C# encompasses static typing, strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines. The C# programming language was designed by Anders Hejlsberg from Microsoft in 2000 and was later approved as an international standard by Ecma (ECMA-334) in 2002 and ISO/IEC (ISO/IEC 23270) in 2003. Microsoft introduced C# along with .NET Framework and Visual Studio, both of which were closed-source. At the time, Microsoft had no open-source products. Four years later, in 2004, a free and open-source project called Mono began, providing a cross-platform compiler and runtime environment for the C# programming language. A decade later, Microsoft released Visual Studio Code (code editor), Roslyn (compiler), and the unified .NET platform (software framework), all of which support C# and are free, open-source, and cross-platform. Mono also joined Microsoft but was not merged into .NET. As of November 2022, the most recent stable version of the language is C# 11.0, which was released in 2022 in .NET 7.0.","As of November 2022, the most recent stable version of the language is C# 11.0",information_extraction List the club sports teams that Neumann University has,"Neumann University is a member of the Atlantic East Conference as well as the United Collegiate Hockey Conference (UCHC). It competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), Division III. In 2009 Neumann University's men's ice hockey team won the NCAA Division III National Championship. In the summer of 2012, Neumann University constructed the Mirenda Center, a 72,000 square foot athletic complex which houses an indoor track, NCAA Division III regulation basketball court, dance studios, student lounges, a classroom, weight and cardio rooms as well as the Center for Sport Spirituality and Character Development. Neumann sponsors 12 women's athletic teams and 10 men's teams. In addition the 22 varsity teams, Neumann University also has a very active club sports roster which includes baseball, basketball, cheer leading, a dance team, ice hockey, roller hockey as well as men's and women's rugby. Most recently, Neumann University won back to back national championships (2015 and 2016) as part of the National Collegiate Roller Hockey Association (NCHRA).","Based off of the shared information, Neumann University has the following club sports teams: * baseball * basketball * cheer leading * a dance team * ice hockey * roller hockey * men's rugby * women's rugby Note that this may not be a fully exhaustive list.",summarization Why do cloud service providers need to be FedRAMP authorized if they want to do business with U.S. federal agencies?,,"U.S. federal agencies must use FedRAMP-authorized service providers if the agencies want to use cloud computing services, as it is a federal government requirement.",open_qa What is predictive maintenance?,,"Predictive Maintenance is widely used in the manufacturing industry. It is all about figuring out when an asset should be maintained, and what specific maintenance activities need to be performed, based on an asset’s actual condition or state, rather than on a fixed schedule, so that you can maximize uptime and productivity. It is all about predicting & preventing failures and performing the right maintenance routines in order to reduce costly equipment downtimes.",open_qa What is Azure HDInsight?,,"Azure HDInsight is a cloud-based service from Microsoft for big data analytics that helps organizations process large amounts of streaming or historical data. It runs popular open-source frameworks—including Apache Hadoop, Spark, Hive, Kafka, and more.",open_qa what is oracle?,,"Oracle is a company that offers a scalable and robust database management solution. Prior to the cloud migration era Oracle offered this database management as an on-premise solution using physical servers. Their database helped thousands of businesses manage their data, implement data analysis, secure their data, and allow company and business applications to access data for decision analysis based on historical data.",open_qa "Given a reference text about the E.S. Hoyt House, tell me how big the inside of the house is and how many rooms it has.","The E.S. Hoyt House is a historic house in Red Wing, Minnesota, United States, designed by the firm of Purcell & Elmslie and built in 1913. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is also a contributing property to the Red Wing Residential Historic District. Description and history The house is one of their more elaborate designs because its owner had a budget that allowed for lavish decoration. The result is comparable to the William Gray Purcell House and the Edward L. Powers House, both in Minneapolis. The horizontal lines of the Prairie School are more pronounced in this house; they are expressed in the bands of art glass windows on both levels and the cantilevered second story. Its owner, E.S. Hoyt, was the president of the Red Wing Stoneware Company. The exterior is clad with brick on the first floor and red stucco on the second floor. The house has ten rooms and about 3,600 square feet (330 m2) of floor space. It has 99 diamond-paned art glass windows and a considerable amount of quarter sawn white oak wood ornamentation. The second story of the house is cantilevered over the first story. The entrance opens into a hallway that leads to a library on the left and a living room on the right. The living room, dining room, and an enclosed porch are all stretched across the front of the house and provide plenty of light through the art glass windows. Several of these windows provide panoramic views of the Mississippi River. The kitchen is located behind the dining room, although it has been remodeled since its original design. The second floor of the house has four bedrooms and two bathrooms, several of which have corner windows that expand the sense of space. The maid's room, over the kitchen, had a separate staircase.[","The E.S. Hoyt House is about 3,600 square feet and has ten rooms.",closed_qa How many cents do I have if I have 3 dollars and a dime?,,"If you have 3 dollars and a dime, you have 310 cents in total.",open_qa What is the largest state in the US?,,Alaska,open_qa What is the play Esther?,"Esther is a play in three acts written in 1689 by the French dramatist, Jean Racine. It was premièred on January 26, 1689, performed by the pupils of the Maison royale de Saint-Louis, an educational institute for young girls of noble birth. The subject is taken from the biblical Book of Esther.","Esther is a play written in 1689 by Jean Racine, a French dramatist. It premiered on January 26, 1689 and is about the biblical Book of Esther.",information_extraction "According to this paragraph about bull sharks, how long are male adult sharks in meters?","Bull sharks are large and stout, with females being larger than males. The bull shark can be up to 81 cm (2 ft 8 in) in length at birth. Adult female bull sharks average 2.4 m (8 ft) long and typically weigh 130 kg (290 lb), whereas the slightly smaller adult male averages 2.25 m (7 ft) and 95 kg (209 lb). While a maximum size of 3.5 m (11 ft) is commonly reported, a single record exists of a female specimen of exactly 4.0 m (13 ft). A 3.25 m (10.7 ft) long pregnant individual reached 450 kg (990 lb). Bull sharks are wider and heavier than other requiem sharks of comparable length, and are grey on top and white below. The second dorsal fin is smaller than the first. The bull shark's caudal fin is longer and lower than that of the larger sharks, and it has a small snout, and lacks an interdorsal ridge.",Male adult bull sharks average 2.25 meters in length.,closed_qa Based on the above passage what are the heavier elements which are more fissionable?,"Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei are combined to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons or protons). The difference in mass between the reactants and products is manifested as either the release or absorption of energy. This difference in mass arises due to the difference in nuclear binding energy between the atomic nuclei before and after the reaction. Nuclear fusion is the process that powers active or main-sequence stars and other high-magnitude stars, where large amounts of energy are released. A nuclear fusion process that produces atomic nuclei lighter than iron-56 or nickel-62 will generally release energy. These elements have a relatively small mass and a relatively large binding energy per nucleon. Fusion of nuclei lighter than these releases energy (an exothermic process), while the fusion of heavier nuclei results in energy retained by the product nucleons, and the resulting reaction is endothermic. The opposite is true for the reverse process, called nuclear fission. Nuclear fusion uses lighter elements, such as hydrogen and helium, which are in general more fusible; while the heavier elements, such as uranium, thorium and plutonium, are more fissionable. The extreme astrophysical event of a supernova can produce enough energy to fuse nuclei into elements heavier than iron.","uranium, thorium and plutonium.",information_extraction "Which of the following are colors: red, black, yellow, orange, sun, sunflower, chips, book, white, pink, blue, keyboard.",,"The colors are: red, black, yellow, orange, white, pink and blue.",classification "Given these paragraphs about Asperger Multiomics, what is the goal in combining all the ""omes""?","Multiomics, multi-omics, integrative omics, ""panomics"" or ""pan-omics"" is a biological analysis approach in which the data sets are multiple ""omes"", such as the genome, proteome, transcriptome, epigenome, metabolome, and microbiome (i.e., a meta-genome and/or meta-transcriptome, depending upon how it is sequenced); in other words, the use of multiple omics technologies to study life in a concerted way. By combining these ""omes"", scientists can analyze complex biological big data to find novel associations between biological entities, pinpoint relevant biomarkers and build elaborate markers of disease and physiology. In doing so, multiomics integrates diverse omics data to find a coherently matching geno-pheno-envirotype relationship or association. The OmicTools service lists more than 99 softwares related to multiomic data analysis, as well as more than 99 databases on the topic. Systems biology approaches are often based upon the use of panomic analysis data. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) defines panomics as referring to ""the interaction of all biological functions within a cell and with other body functions, combining data collected by targeted tests ... and global assays (such as genome sequencing) with other patient-specific information."" Single-cell multiomics A branch of the field of multiomics is the analysis of multilevel single-cell data, called single-cell multiomics. This approach gives us an unprecedent resolution to look at multilevel transitions in health and disease at the single cell level. An advantage in relation to bulk analysis is to mitigate confounding factors derived from cell to cell variation, allowing the uncovering of heterogeneous tissue architectures. Methods for parallel single-cell genomic and transcriptomic analysis can be based on simultaneous amplification or physical separation of RNA and genomic DNA. They allow insights that cannot be gathered solely from transcriptomic analysis, as RNA data do not contain non-coding genomic regions and information regarding copy-number variation, for example. An extension of this methodology is the integration of single-cell transcriptomes to single-cell methylomes, combining single-cell bisulfite sequencing to single cell RNA-Seq. Other techniques to query the epigenome, as single-cell ATAC-Seq and single-cell Hi-C also exist. A different, but related, challenge is the integration of proteomic and transcriptomic data. One approach to perform such measurement is to physically separate single-cell lysates in two, processing half for RNA, and half for proteins. The protein content of lysates can be measured by proximity extension assays (PEA), for example, which use DNA-barcoded antibodies. A different approach uses a combination of heavy-metal RNA probes and protein antibodies to adapt mass cytometry for multiomic analysis. Multiomics and machine learning In parallel to the advances in highthroughput biology, machine learning applications to biomedical data analysis are flourishing. The integration of multi-omics data analysis and machine learning has led to the discovery of new biomarkers. For example, one of the methods of the mixOmics project implements a method based on sparse Partial Least Squares regression for selection of features (putative biomarkers). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiomics","By combining these ""omes"", scientists can analyze complex biological big data to find novel associations between biological entities, pinpoint relevant biomarkers and build elaborate markers of disease and physiology. In doing so, multiomics integrates diverse omics data to find a coherently matching geno-pheno-envirotype relationship or association.",closed_qa "Given these paragraphs about Asperger syndrome, what disorder has it merged into?","Asperger syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger's, is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour and interests. The syndrome is no longer recognised as a diagnosis in itself, having been merged with other conditions into autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It was considered to differ from other diagnoses that were merged into ASD by relatively unimpaired spoken language and intelligence. The syndrome was named after the Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger, who, in 1944, described children in his care who struggled to form friendships, did not understand others' gestures or feelings, engaged in one-sided conversations about their favourite interests, and were clumsy. In 1994, the diagnosis of Asperger's was included in the fourth edition (DSM-IV) of the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; however, with the publication of DSM-5 in 2013 the syndrome was removed, and the symptoms are now included within autism spectrum disorder along with classic autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). It was similarly merged into autism spectrum disorder in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) as of 2021. The exact cause of Asperger's is poorly understood. While it has high heritability, the underlying genetics have not been determined conclusively. Environmental factors are also believed to play a role. Brain imaging has not identified a common underlying condition. There is no single treatment, and the UK's National Health Service (NHS) guidelines suggest that 'treatment' of any form of autism should not be a goal, since autism is not 'a disease that can be removed or cured'. According to the Royal College of Psychiatrists, while co-occurring conditions might require treatment, 'management of autism itself is chiefly about the provision of the education, training and social support/care required to improve the person's ability to function in the everyday world'. The effectiveness of particular interventions for autism is supported by only limited data. Interventions may include social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy, parent training, and medications for associated problems, such as mood or anxiety. Autistic characteristics tend to become less obvious in adulthood, but social and communication difficulties usually persist. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asperger_syndrome",It has been merged with other conditions into autism spectrum disorder (ASD),closed_qa Who is Paul Cezanne?,"Paul Cézanne (/seɪˈzæn/ say-ZAN, also UK: /sɪˈzæn/ sə-ZAN, US: /seɪˈzɑːn/ say-ZAHN; French: [pɔl sezan]; 19 January 1839 – 22 October 1906) was a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter whose work introduced new modes of representation and influenced avant garde artistic movements of the early 20th century. Cézanne is said to have formed the bridge between late 19th-century Impressionism and the early 20th century's new line of artistic enquiry, Cubism.",Paul Cezanne was a French artist who introduced new modes of representation such as cubism in the early 20th century.,summarization "Based on the following passage where did plums, apricots and peaches originate?","Traditional dried fruit such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots and apples have been a staple of Mediterranean diets for millennia. This is due partly to their early cultivation in the Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt. Drying or dehydration also happened to be the earliest form of food preservation: grapes, dates, and figs that fell from the tree or vine would dry in the hot sun. Early hunter-gatherers observed that these fallen fruit took on an edible form, and valued them for their stability as well as their concentrated sweetness. The earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC, which contain what are probably the oldest known written recipes. These clay slabs, written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia, were inscribed in cuneiform and tell of diets based on grains (barley, millet, wheat), vegetables and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, pomegranates, and grapes. These early civilizations used dates, date juice evaporated into syrup and raisins as sweeteners. They included dried fruits in their breads for which they had more than 300 recipes, from simple barley bread for the workers to very elaborate, spiced cakes with honey for the palaces and temples. The date palm was one of the first cultivated trees. It was domesticated in Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago. It grew abundantly in the Fertile Crescent and it was so productive (an average date palm produces 50 kg (100 lbs) of fruit a year for 60 years or more) that dates were the cheapest of staple foods. Because they were so valuable, they were well recorded in Assyrian and Babylonian monuments and temples. The villagers in Mesopotamia dried them and ate them as sweets. Whether fresh, soft-dried or hard-dried, they helped to give character to meat dishes and grain pies. They were valued by travelers for their energy and were recommended as stimulants against fatigue. Figs were also prized in early Mesopotamia, Palestine, Israel, and Egypt where their daily use was probably greater than or equal to that of dates. As well as appearing in wall paintings, many specimens have been found in Egyptian tombs as funerary offerings. In Greece and Crete, figs grew very readily and they were the staple of poor and rich alike, particularly in their dried form. Grape cultivation first began in Armenia and the eastern regions of the Mediterranean in the 4th century BC. Raisins were produced by drying grapes in the hot desert sun. Very quickly, viticulture and raisin production spread across northern Africa including Morocco and Tunisia. The Phoenicians and the Egyptians popularized the production of raisins, probably due to the perfect arid environment for sun drying. They put them in jars for storage and allotted them to the different temples by the thousands. They also added them to breads and various pastries, some made with honey, some with milk and eggs. From the Middle East, these fruits spread through Greece to Italy where they became a major part of the diet. Ancient Romans consumed raisins in spectacular quantities and at all levels of society, including them as a key part of their common meals, along with olives and fresh fruits. Raisined breads were common for breakfast and were consumed with their grains, beans, and cultured milks. Raisins were so valued that they transcended the food realm and became rewards for successful athletes, as well as premium barter currency. Having dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: ""She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year."" Figs were also extremely popular in Rome. Dried figs were added to bread and formed a major part of the winter food of country people. They were rubbed with spices such as cumin, anise and fennel seeds, or toasted sesame, wrapped in fig leaves and stored in jars. Today, major producing regions include Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza and many other Arabic countries. Dried figs are rich in vitamins, phosphorus and various other important minerals. Plums, apricots and peaches had their origins in Asia. They were domesticated in China in the 3rd millennium BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were also very popular, fresh and dried alike. They arrived in Greece and Italy much later and were very expensive but valued in the preparation of gourmet dishes with port or stewed with honey and spices.","Plums, apricots and peaches had their origins in Asia. They were domesticated in China in the 3rd millennium BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were also very popular, fresh and dried alike. They arrived in Greece and Italy much later and were very expensive but valued in the preparation of gourmet dishes with port or stewed with honey and spices.",information_extraction What are Indic languages?,"Languages spoken in the Republic of India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians, both families together are sometimes known as Indic languages.Languages spoken by the remaining 2.31% of the population belong to the Austroasiatic, Sino–Tibetan, Tai–Kadai, and a few other minor language families and isolates.  As per the People's Linguistic Survey of India, India has the second highest number of languages (780), after Papua New Guinea (840). Ethnologue lists a lower number of 456.",Indic languages are the languages spoken in the Republic of India composed of Indo-Aryan languages and Dravidian languages.,information_extraction When was the Berlin wall torn down?,"After World War II and its subsequent occupation by the victorious countries, the devastated city was divided; West Berlin became a de facto exclave of West Germany, surrounded by the Berlin Wall (from August 1961 to November 1989) and East German territory. East Berlin was declared capital of East Germany, while Bonn became the West German capital. Following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all of Germany.",The Berlin wall was torn down in 1989.,information_extraction Tell me about Potrerillos,"Potrerillos is a corregimiento in Dolega District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It has a land area of 55.4 square kilometres (21.4 sq mi) and had a population of 1,562 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 28.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (73/sq mi). Its population as of 1990 was 1,157; its population as of 2000 was 1,378.","Potrerillos is a corregimiento in Dolega District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It has a land area of 55.4 square kilometres (21.4 sq mi) and had a population of 1,562 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 28.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (73/sq mi).",summarization Why do you love to work hard,,"It will keep you stay focus, make you productive and lead you to success",brainstorming How many wheels does a bicycle have?,,A bicycle has two wheels,open_qa How many Silver Star awards did James Frederick Moriarty receive?,"James Frederick Moriarty (May 8, 1896 – January 30, 1981) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of brigadier general. A veteran of World War I, he distinguished himself several times as a company officer with the 6th Machine Gun Battalion and received four awards of the Silver Star.",James Frederick Moriarty received four awards of the Silver Star,closed_qa "Given the reference text below, what is Isthmohyla debilis?","Isthmohyla debilis is a rare species of frog in the family Hylidae. It occurs in the Atlantic slopes of the Cordillera Central and Cordillera Talamanca in Costa Rica and western Panama as well as on the Pacific slopes in southwestern Panama. Common name Isla Bonita treefrog has been suggested for it (the type locality is ""Isla Bonita"" in Costa Rica).",Isthmohyla debilis is a rare species of Frog that is found in Costa Rica and Panama.,closed_qa "Which of these are animals: Oak, goat, dog, train, airplane, cat, tiger, bat, rose, boat.",,"Goat, dog, cat, tiger and bat are animals.",classification What is the Turkish drink that tastes similar to,"Ouzo is a clear liquid. However, when water or ice is added, ouzo turns a milky-white colour. This is because anethole, the essential oil of anise, is completely soluble in alcohol at approximately 38% ABV and above, but not in water. Diluting the spirit causes it to separate, creating an emulsion whose fine droplets scatter the light. This process is called louching and is also seen while preparing absinthe. The drinks with a similar flavour of Ouzu include sambuca from (Italy), pastis from (France), oghi (from Armenia), rakı from Turkey, and arak (from the Levant). Its aniseed flavour is also similar to the anise-flavoured liqueur of anís (Spain) and the stronger spirits of absinthe (France and Switzerland). Aguardiente (Latin America), made from sugar cane, is also similar. The Italian drink Pallini Mistra, named after the Greek city of Mystras in the Peloponnese is a version of ouzo made in Rome that closely resembles Greek and Cypriot ouzo.",Rakı is a drink from Turkey that has similar flavour with Ouzo.,information_extraction Who did Donald's grandfather body guard for?,"Ross was born in Nairn, in Middlesex County, Ontario, the son of Donald Ross and Margaret Halbert. His grandfather was part of Duke Wellington's body guard at Waterloo, and was an escort to Napoleon Bonaparte on his exile to St. Helena. Ross was educated at Nairn Public School, and moved to Manitoba in 1874, where he worked on the first telegraph line. In 1877, he established a real estate business. Ross served on the Winnipeg City Council for eight years, the Winnipeg School Board for twenty-three years, and the Winnipeg Public Parks Board for eleven years. In 1880, he married Margaret McIvor.",Donald's grandfather was a body guard for Duke Wellington.,closed_qa Summarize in one sentence this article about a famous song.,"""I'm an Old Cowhand (From the Rio Grande)"" is a comic song written by Johnny Mercer for the Paramount Pictures release Rhythm on the Range and sung by its star, Bing Crosby. The Crosby commercial recording was made on July 17, 1936, with Jimmy Dorsey & his Orchestra for Decca Records. It was a huge hit in 1936, reaching the No. 2 spot in the charts of the day, and it greatly furthered Mercer's career. Crosby recorded the song again in 1954 for his album Bing: A Musical Autobiography. Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. Background Mercer and his wife were driving across the US en route to his hometown, Savannah, Georgia, after having apparently failed to succeed in Hollywood. Mercer was amused by the sight of cowboys, with spurs and ten-gallon hats, driving cars and trucks instead of riding horses. Singing cowboys were popular in films and on the radio then, and within 15 minutes, writing on the back of an envelope, Mercer transferred the image he was seeing into a song whose satirical lyrics vented some of his own bitter frustration with Hollywood. The lyrics, about a 20th-century cowboy who has little in common with the cowpunchers of old, have been included in some anthologies of light verse.","I'm an Old Cowhand (From the Rio Grande), written by Johnny Mercer and recorded by Bing Crosby, is popular song from 1936 that satirizes cowboy culture of the time.",summarization Why do Filipinos like eating rice so much?,,"Well, that has to do with the fact that the Filipino soil is ideal for rice cultivation. Also, given that rice is produced in abundance in the Phillipines, it becomes cheaper than other food staples. Therefore, rice easily became the most common dish in an ordinary Filipino household. One can also say, that the neutral nature of rice flavour parries well with the Filipino traditional dishes like Adobo, Sinigang and Kare-Kare which are rich in flavour and welcome more neutral side dishes",creative_writing What is Game of Thrones based on?,,Game of Thrones is based on the books written by George R. R. Martin called a Song of Ice and Fire.,open_qa What is the Family of the orchid Bulbophyllum concatenatum?,"Bulbophyllum concatenatum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum. Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Order: Asparagales Family: Orchidaceae Subfamily: Epidendroideae Tribe: Dendrobieae Genus: Bulbophyllum Species: B. concatenatum",Orchidaceae,information_extraction What is the project management approach that have a serious of distinct steps?,"There are five phases to a project lifecycle; known as process groups. Each process group represents a series of inter-related processes to manage the work through a series of distinct steps to be completed. This type of project approach is often referred to as ""traditional"" or ""waterfall"". The five process groups are: Typical development phases of an engineering project Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring and Controlling Closing Some industries may use variations of these project stages and rename them to better suit the organization. For example, when working on a brick-and-mortar design and construction, projects will typically progress through stages like pre-planning, conceptual design, schematic design, design development, construction drawings (or contract documents), and construction administration. While the phased approach works well for small, well-defined projects, it often results in challenge or failure on larger projects, or those that are more complex or have more ambiguities, issues, and risks","The waterfall, sometimes called traditional, approach is the project management approach that has a series of related processes.",information_extraction Who owns the Dallas Cowboys?,,Jerry Jones,open_qa Where is the basketball Hall of Fame?,,"The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame is an American history museum and hall of fame, located at 1000 Hall of Fame Avenue in Springfield, Massachusetts.",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the power consumption of a GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founder's Edition.","As the processing power of graphics cards increased, so did their demand for electrical power. Current high-performance graphics cards tend to consume large amounts of power. For example, the thermal design power (TDP) for the GeForce Titan RTX is 280 watts. When tested with video games, the GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founder's Edition averaged 300 watts of power consumption. While CPU and power supply manufacturers have recently aimed toward higher efficiency, power demands of graphics cards continued to rise, with the largest power consumption of any individual part in a computer. Although power supplies have also increased their power output, the bottleneck occurs in the PCI-Express connection, which is limited to supplying 75 watts.",A GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founder's Edition averaged 300 watts of power consumption.,information_extraction What is Sinigang?,"Sinigang is a Filipino soup or stew characterized by its sour and savory taste. It is most often associated with tamarind (Filipino: ""sampalok""), although it can use other sour fruits and leaves as the souring agent","Sinigang is a popular dish in the Philippines characterized by its sour, tangy, and savory taste. Tamarind is the most common souring agent used, but other sour fruits may be used as well. Various types of protein can be used in this soup dish, ranging from pork belly, shrimp, fish, and beef.",closed_qa Who invented the radio?,"The invention of radio communication was preceded by many decades of establishing theoretical underpinnings, discovery and experimental investigation of radio waves, and engineering and technical developments related to their transmission and detection. These developments allowed Guglielmo Marconi to turn radio waves into a wireless communication system.","The radio was invented by Guglielmo Marconi, which allowed the harnessing of radio waves into a wireless communication system. This invention did not happen in a vacuum. It was enabled by investigating radio waves and understanding how to detect and transmit them.",closed_qa Are red roses typically considered an appropriate romantic gift?,,"Yes, a bouquet of red roses is a classic romantic gesture",open_qa "Why should you stay at our rental cabin in Speedway, Indiana?",,"The Indianapolis 500 comes to Speedway, Indiana each year in May. It's the largest gathering for a sports event in the world. It's truly an event you don't want to miss! The buzz of the cars speeding by, the crowds cheering in a way you can't experience at traditional sporting events, all under the warm summer sun. It's truly a once in a lifetime event you can't experience like it anywhere else. Staying in our cabin allows you to be close to the action, with a walkable distance to the track, and run back should you want to take a quick break from the action. It has great views of the track, is a walkable distance, and nearby to many restaurants and shopping vendors during the event.",creative_writing What is tollywood?,"Telugu cinema, also known as Tollywood, is the segment of Indian cinema dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Telugu language, widely spoken in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Telugu cinema is based in Film Nagar, Hyderabad. As of 2021, Telugu cinema is the largest film industry in India in terms of box-office. Telugu films sold 23.3 crore (233 million) tickets in 2022, the highest among various film industries in India.",Tollywood is a nickname for movies made by Telugu cinema in India.,closed_qa "Which of the following historical figures are known for their contribution to music: Mozart, George Washington, Vincent Van Gogh, Golda Meir, and Billy Holiday?",,Mozart and Billy Holiday are known for music.,classification How do I get good at magic tricks?,,You can get good at magic through hours and hours of practice. Getting a deck of cards and learning how to hold them and do flourishes is a great way to start because magic takes extreme dexterity that is built through muscle memory in the hands. This takes hours and hours of repetition to get good at. Other factors that play into how good you get at magic are your interest in it. If you are aren't interested in it then you won't get good at magic. You can also join a club and practice magic tricks with other people that are interested in it too. One of the best organizations to join is the Society of American Magicians (SAM).,open_qa List some import aspects about location Ljubija in given text,"In the 19th century, Ljubija developed into one of the most important locations for the area's economy due to its iron ore deposits. After World War II Ljubija became one of the largest iron mines in the world which employed more than 5,000 people at any one time. Until 1963 it was governed as a separate municipality, before it was merged with Prijedor.","1. Because of its iron ore resources, Ljubija became one of the most significant destinations for the region's economy in the 19th century. 2. Ljubija grew to be one of the world's largest iron mines after World War II, employing more than 5,000 people at any given moment. 3. Prior to being amalgamated with Prijedor, it was governed as an independent municipality until 1963.",summarization What is barbecue?,"Barbecue or barbeque (informally BBQ in the UK, US, and Canada; barbie in Australia; and braai in South Africa) is a term used with significant regional and national variations to describe various cooking methods that use live fire and smoke to cook the food. The term is also generally applied to the devices associated with those methods, the broader cuisines that these methods produce, and the meals or gatherings at which this style of food is cooked and served. The cooking methods associated with barbecuing vary significantly but most involve outdoor cooking. The various regional variations of barbecue can be broadly categorized into those methods which use direct and those which use indirect heating. Indirect barbecues are associated with North American cuisine, in which meat is heated by roasting or smoking over wood or charcoal. These methods of barbecue involve cooking using smoke at low temperatures and long cooking times, for several hours. Elsewhere, barbecuing more commonly refers to the more direct application of heat, grilling of food over hot coals or a gas fire. This technique is usually done over direct, dry heat or a hot fire for a few minutes. Within these broader categorizations are further national and regional differences.[",Barbecue is a term to describe different cooking methods that use live fire and smoke to cook and the types of devices used. It can also refer to the meal or gathering at which this type of food is cooked and served.,summarization Which family of moth does the Euxoa brevipennis belong to?,"Euxoa brevipennis is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Smith in 1888. In Canada, it is found in British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan. In the United States, it has been recorded from Utah, Colorado and California.",The Euxoa brevipennis moth belongs to the Noctuidae family of moths.,closed_qa Who tends to participates in hackathons?,"A hackathon (also known as a hack day, hackfest, datathon or codefest; a portmanteau of hacking and marathon) is an event where people engage in rapid and collaborative engineering over a relatively short period of time such as 24 or 48 hours. They are often run using agile software development practices, such as sprint-like design wherein computer programmers and others involved in software development, including graphic designers, interface designers, product managers, project managers, domain experts, and others collaborate intensively on engineering projects, such as software engineering. The goal of a hackathon is to create functioning software or hardware by the end of the event. Hackathons tend to have a specific focus, which can include the programming language used, the operating system, an application, an API, or the subject and the demographic group of the programmers. In other cases, there is no restriction on the type of software being created or the design of the new system.","Computer programmers and others involved in software development, including graphic designers, interface designers, product managers, project managers, domain experts, and others tend to participate in hackathons. They collaborate intensively on engineering projects, such as software engineering with the goal of creating functioning software or hardware by the end of the event.",closed_qa "Given a reference text about the electrolytic detector, when was it replaced and what replaced it?","The electrolytic detector, or liquid barretter, was a type of detector (demodulator) used in early radio receivers. First used by Canadian radio researcher Reginald Fessenden in 1903, it was used until about 1913, after which it was superseded by crystal detectors and vacuum tube detectors such as the Fleming valve and Audion (triode). It was considered very sensitive and reliable compared to other detectors available at the time such as the magnetic detector and the coherer. It was one of the first rectifying detectors, able to receive AM (sound) transmissions. On December 24, 1906, US Naval ships with radio receivers equipped with Fessenden's electrolytic detectors received the first AM radio broadcast from Fessenden's Brant Rock, Massachusetts transmitter, consisting of a program of Christmas music.",The electrolytic detector was replaced around 1913 by crystal and vacuum tube detectors.,closed_qa Is Leonidas from Sparta a real man? What was he famous for?,,"Yes, Leonidas from Sparta was a real man. He was famous for his courage and leadership during the Battle of Thermopylae in 480 BC.",brainstorming How large is the Gull Harbour and where exactly is it located,"Gull Harbour (former names States Harbour, Great Harbour) is the 1.3 km wide bay indenting for 2.8 km the east coast of Weddell Island in the Falkland Islands. It is entered north of Gull Point and south of Mark Point, and is centred at 51°53′56″S 60°53′20″WCoordinates: 51°53′56″S 60°53′20″W. The principal settlement of the island, Weddell Settlement, is situated at the head of the bay. Until the mid-nineteenth century Gull Harbour was known as Great Harbour.","Gull Harbour, that has been formerly named as States Harbour or Great Harbour is the 1.3 km wide bay indenting for 2.8 km the east coast of Weddell Island in the Falkland Islands. It is entered north of Gull Point and south of Mark Point, and is centred at 51°53′56″S 60°53′20″W. The principal settlement of the island, Weddell Settlement, is situated at the head of the bay. Until the mid-nineteenth century Gull Harbour was known as Great Harbour.",closed_qa "In The Divergent series by Veronica Roth, what is the name used to refer to people who don't fit into a specific faction?",,Divergents are people who cannot be classified neatly into a specific faction.,open_qa Write some important points about the National Basketball League from the given text,"The National Basketball League (NBL) was a professional basketball league in the United States established in 1937. After the 1948–49 season, its twelfth, it merged with the Basketball Association of America (BAA) to create the National Basketball Association (NBA). Five current NBA teams trace their history back to the NBL: the Atlanta Hawks, the Detroit Pistons, the Los Angeles Lakers, the Philadelphia 76ers, and the Sacramento Kings.","1. In the United States, a professional basketball league called the National Basketball League (NBL) was founded in 1937. 2. It united with the Basketball Association of America (BAA) to become the National Basketball Association after its twelfth season, 1948–1949 (NBA). 3. The Atlanta Hawks, Detroit Pistons, Los Angeles Lakers, Philadelphia 76ers, and Sacramento Kings are five current NBA teams whose roots can be traced to the NBL.",summarization Which trophy was Frost able to keep and why?,"Frost became interested in sport at a young age and was an all-round athlete. He won medals for running and swimming and was a prominent member of the Winchester Harriers sports club. He particularly excelled as a cyclist, entering competitive events at an early age and holding several amateur cycling records. In 1898, Frost won, within the space of a fortnight, Britain's two leading cycle racing trophies, the Bath Road 100 and the Cawardine Challenge Cup, as well as the national championship. By the time he retired he had won every important amateur cycling trophy in the nation. He is particularly remembered for winning the Carwardine Challenge Cup, a 100-mile race held annually at the Herne Hill race track. This huge cup was donated by the vice-president of the Anerley Bicycle Club in 1895 and was made from 650 ounces of silver, with ornamentation of solid gold. The tradition at the time was that if someone won a trophy three times they could keep it. Frost, riding for the Bath Road club in Hayes, first won it in 1896, repeated the victory in 1898 and was victorious for the third time in 1900. The cup is occasionally exhibited in Winchester.","Frost was a prominent cyclist. In the late 1800s and early 1900s when he was active he was able to win the Carwardine Cup trophy and keep it. The tradition at the time was that if one could win a trophy 3 times, one could keep the trophy. Frost won this trophy in 1896, 1898 and 1900.",summarization is security a great career,,yes,open_qa What is the biggest passenger airliner?,"The Airbus A380 is a large wide-body airliner that was developed and produced by Airbus. It is the world's largest passenger airliner and only full-length double-deck jet airliner. Airbus studies started in 1988, and the project was announced in 1990 to challenge the dominance of the Boeing 747 in the long-haul market. The then-designated A3XX project was presented in 1994; Airbus launched the €9.5 billion ($10.7 billion) A380 programme on 19 December 2000. The first prototype was unveiled in Toulouse on 18 January 2005, with its first flight on 27 April 2005. It then obtained its type certificate from the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) on 12 December 2006. Due to difficulties with the electrical wiring, the initial production was delayed by two years and the development costs almost doubled. It was first delivered to Singapore Airlines on 15 October 2007 and entered service on 25 October. Production peaked at 30 per year in 2012 and 2014. However, after the largest customer, Emirates, reduced its last order in February 2019, Airbus announced that A380 production would end in 2021. On 16 December 2021, Emirates received its 123rd A380, which was the 251st and last delivered by Airbus. The $25 billion investment was not recouped. The full-length double-deck aircraft has a typical seating for 525 passengers, with a maximum certified capacity for 853 passengers. The quadjet is powered by Engine Alliance GP7200 or Rolls-Royce Trent 900 turbofans providing a range of 8,000 nmi (14,800 km). As of December 2021, the global A380 fleet had completed more than 800,000 flights over 7.3 million block hours with no fatalities and no hull losses. As of December 2022, there were 237 aircraft in service with 16 operators worldwide.","A380 is the largest passenger airliner. It has a typical seating for 525 passengers, with a maximum certified capacity for 853 passengers and has a range of 14,800km.",closed_qa Extract the location that the Kirtland's warbler lives in the winter.,"Kirtland's warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii), also known in Michigan by the common name jack pine bird, or the jack pine warbler, is a small songbird of the New World warbler family (Parulidae), named after Jared Potter Kirtland, an Ohio doctor and amateur naturalist. Nearly extinct just 50 years ago, populations have recovered due to conservation efforts. It requires large areas, greater than 160 acres (65 hectares), of dense young jack pine for its breeding habitat. This habitat was historically created by wildfire, but today is created through the harvest of mature jack pine, and planting of jack pine seedlings. The population of the species spends the spring and summer in their breeding range in Ontario, Wisconsin or Michigan, especially the northeastern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, and winters in The Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola and the Turks and Caicos Islands.","Kirtland's warbler is a small songbird that spends its winters in The Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.",information_extraction Explain me the characteristics of the Monalisa that make it a masterpiece,"Considered an archetypal masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance, it has been described as ""the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world"". The painting's novel qualities include the subject's enigmatic expression, monumentality of the composition, the subtle modelling of forms, and the atmospheric illusionism. The painting has been definitively identified to depict Italian noblewoman Lisa del Giocondo. It is painted in oil on a white Lombardy poplar panel. Leonardo never gave the painting to the Giocondo family, and it is believed he later left it in his will to his favored apprentice Salaì. It was believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506; however, Leonardo may have continued working on it as late as 1517. It was acquired by King Francis I of France and is now the property of the French Republic. It has been on permanent display at the Louvre in Paris since 1797. The painting's global fame and popularity stem from its 1911 theft by Vincenzo Peruggia, who attributed his actions to Italian patriotism—a belief it should belong to Italy. The theft and subsequent recovery in 1914 generated unprecedented publicity for an art theft, and led to the publication of many cultural depictions such as the 1915 opera Mona Lisa, two early 1930s films (The Theft of the Mona Lisa and Arsène Lupin) and the song Mona Lisa recorded by Nat King Cole—one of the most successful songs of the 1950s. The Mona Lisa is one of the most valuable paintings in the world. It holds the Guinness World Record for the highest-known painting insurance valuation in history at US$100 million in 1962 equivalent to $1 billion as of 2023.","The enigmatic expression of the subject, the monumentality of the composition, the subtle modelling of forms, and the atmospheric illusionism made the Mona Lisa one of the most valuable paintings in the world.",summarization "What marathon did the first woman officially finish, based on the paragraph.","For a long time after the Olympic marathon started, there were no long-distance races, such as the marathon, for women. Although a few women, such as Stamata Revithi in 1896, had run the marathon distance, they were not included in any official results. Marie-Louise Ledru has been credited as the first woman to complete a marathon, in 1918. Violet Piercy has been credited as the first woman to be officially timed in a marathon, in 1926. Arlene Pieper became the first woman to officially finish a marathon in the United States when she completed the Pikes Peak Marathon in Manitou Springs, Colorado, in 1959. Kathrine Switzer was the first woman to run the Boston Marathon ""officially"" (with a number), in 1967. However, Switzer's entry, which was accepted through an ""oversight"" in the screening process, was in ""flagrant violation of the rules"", and she was treated as an interloper once the error was discovered. Bobbi Gibb had completed the Boston race unofficially the previous year (1966), and was later recognized by the race organizers as the women's winner for that year, as well as 1967 and 1968.","The first marathon that a woman officially finished was the Pikes Peak Marathon, completed by Arlene Pieper in 1959.",closed_qa "Based on this article, how did the existence of trains impact the development of Roche Percee?","In 1872 the Boundary Commission travelled through this area while surveying the border between Canada and the United States. During the 1874 March West trek of the North-West Mounted Police, the force established its first camp (called Short Creek Camp) at this location. The community began being served by the Soo Line in 1893, permitting the coal mines in the region to become operational. Roche Percée incorporated as a village on January 12, 1909.","The area that became Roche Percee was impacted by trains when the Soo Line connected the village to a train line. This train line allowed for coal mining in the region to develop by providing access for transporting coal. After the development of these coal mines, the area was eventually able to grow enough to become incorporated as a village.",closed_qa What awards does someone need to be an EGOT winner?,,"The person would need an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony award to get EGOT status.",open_qa What is Cabernet Sauvignon?,"Cabernet Sauvignon (French: [kabɛʁnɛ soviɲɔ̃]) is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Australia and British Columbia, Canada to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley. Cabernet Sauvignon became internationally recognized through its prominence in Bordeaux wines, where it is often blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc. From France and Spain, the grape spread across Europe and to the New World where it found new homes in places like California's Santa Cruz Mountains, Paso Robles, Napa Valley, New Zealand's Hawke's Bay, South Africa's Stellenbosch region, Australia's Margaret River, McLaren Vale and Coonawarra regions, and Chile's Maipo Valley and Colchagua. For most of the 20th century, it was the world's most widely planted premium red wine grape until it was surpassed by Merlot in the 1990s. However, by 2015, Cabernet Sauvignon had once again become the most widely planted wine grape, with a total of 341,000 hectares (3,410 km2) under vine worldwide",Cabernet Sauvignon (French: [kabɛʁnɛ soviɲɔ̃]) is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties.,closed_qa What are tacos?,,"Tacos are Mexican food, made up of a tortilla with a stuffing of protein (meats) or veggies. You add toppings like cilantro, onions, and hot sauce to the tacos. Tacos are delicious and make a fabulous meal.",open_qa How did early civilizations use dates and dried fruits?,"Traditional dried fruit such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots and apples have been a staple of Mediterranean diets for millennia. This is due partly to their early cultivation in the Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt. Drying or dehydration also happened to be the earliest form of food preservation: grapes, dates, and figs that fell from the tree or vine would dry in the hot sun. Early hunter-gatherers observed that these fallen fruit took on an edible form, and valued them for their stability as well as their concentrated sweetness. The earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC, which contain what are probably the oldest known written recipes. These clay slabs, written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia, were inscribed in cuneiform and tell of diets based on grains (barley, millet, wheat), vegetables and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, pomegranates, and grapes. These early civilizations used dates, date juice evaporated into syrup and raisins as sweeteners. They included dried fruits in their breads for which they had more than 300 recipes, from simple barley bread for the workers to very elaborate, spiced cakes with honey for the palaces and temples. The date palm was one of the first cultivated trees. It was domesticated in Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago. It grew abundantly in the Fertile Crescent and it was so productive (an average date palm produces 50 kg (100 lbs) of fruit a year for 60 years or more) that dates were the cheapest of staple foods. Because they were so valuable, they were well recorded in Assyrian and Babylonian monuments and temples. The villagers in Mesopotamia dried them and ate them as sweets. Whether fresh, soft-dried or hard-dried, they helped to give character to meat dishes and grain pies. They were valued by travelers for their energy and were recommended as stimulants against fatigue. Figs were also prized in early Mesopotamia, Palestine, Israel, and Egypt where their daily use was probably greater than or equal to that of dates. As well as appearing in wall paintings, many specimens have been found in Egyptian tombs as funerary offerings. In Greece and Crete, figs grew very readily and they were the staple of poor and rich alike, particularly in their dried form. Grape cultivation first began in Armenia and the eastern regions of the Mediterranean in the 4th century BC. Raisins were produced by drying grapes in the hot desert sun. Very quickly, viticulture and raisin production spread across northern Africa including Morocco and Tunisia. The Phoenicians and the Egyptians popularized the production of raisins, probably due to the perfect arid environment for sun drying. They put them in jars for storage and allotted them to the different temples by the thousands. They also added them to breads and various pastries, some made with honey, some with milk and eggs. From the Middle East, these fruits spread through Greece to Italy where they became a major part of the diet. Ancient Romans consumed raisins in spectacular quantities and at all levels of society, including them as a key part of their common meals, along with olives and fresh fruits. Raisined breads were common for breakfast and were consumed with their grains, beans, and cultured milks. Raisins were so valued that they transcended the food realm and became rewards for successful athletes, as well as premium barter currency. Having dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: ""She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year."" Figs were also extremely popular in Rome. Dried figs were added to bread and formed a major part of the winter food of country people. They were rubbed with spices such as cumin, anise and fennel seeds, or toasted sesame, wrapped in fig leaves and stored in jars. Today, major producing regions include Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza and many other Arabic countries. Dried figs are rich in vitamins, phosphorus and various other important minerals. Plums, apricots and peaches had their origins in Asia. They were domesticated in China in the 3rd millennium BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were also very popular, fresh and dried alike. They arrived in Greece and Italy much later and were very expensive but valued in the preparation of gourmet dishes with port or stewed with honey and spices.","Early civilizations used dates, date juice evaporated into syrup and raisins as sweeteners. They included dried fruits in their breads for which they had more than 300 recipes, from simple barley bread for the workers to very elaborate, spiced cakes with honey for the palaces and temples.",information_extraction What is a security in finance?,,"A security is a tradable financial asset. The term commonly refers to any form of financial instrument, but its legal definition varies by jurisdiction. In some countries and languages people commonly use the term ""security"" to refer to any form of financial instrument, even though the underlying legal and regulatory regime may not have such a broad definition. In some jurisdictions the term specifically excludes financial instruments other than equities and Fixed income instruments. In some jurisdictions it includes some instruments that are close to equities and fixed income, e.g., equity warrants. Securities may be represented by a certificate or, more typically, they may be ""non-certificated"", that is in electronic (dematerialized) or ""book entry only"" form. Certificates may be bearer, meaning they entitle the holder to rights under the security merely by holding the security, or registered, meaning they entitle the holder to rights only if they appear on a security register maintained by the issuer or an intermediary. They include shares of corporate stock or mutual funds, bonds issued by corporations or governmental agencies, stock options or other options, limited partnership units, and various other formal investment instruments that are negotiable and fungible.",open_qa Who is the lead singer of Limp Bizkit?,,"Fred Durst is the leader singer of nu-metal rap band, Limp Bizkit.",open_qa Tell me about the botanical garden?,"A botanical garden or botanic garden[nb 1] is a garden with a documented collection of living plants for the purpose of scientific research, conservation, display, and education. Typically plants are labelled with their botanical names. It may contain specialist plant collections such as cacti and other succulent plants, herb gardens, plants from particular parts of the world, and so on; there may be greenhouses, shadehouses, again with special collections such as tropical plants, alpine plants, or other exotic plants. Most are at least partly open to the public, and may offer guided tours, educational displays, art exhibitions, book rooms, open-air theatrical and musical performances, and other entertainment.","A botanical garden have a collection of living plants for the purpose of scientific research, conservation, display, and education. Plants are labelled with their botanical names. It may contain specialist plant collections such as cacti and other succulent plants, herb gardens, p tropical plants, alpine plants, or other exotic plants. The origin of modern botanical gardens is generally traced to the appointment of professors of botany to the medical faculties of universities in 16th century Renaissance Italy, which also entailed the curation of a medicinal garden. Botanical gardens are often run by universities or other scientific research organizations. The staff will normally include botanists as well as gardeners. Worldwide, there are now about 1800 botanical gardens and arboreta in about 150 countries (mostly in temperate regions) of which about 550 are in Europe (150 of which are in Russia), 200 in North America, and an increasing number in East Asia. These gardens attract about 300 million visitors a year.",summarization What is the best hand in poker?,,"The best hand possible in poker is a Royal Flush. This hand consists of a Ten, Jack, Queen, King, and Ace, all from the same suit.",open_qa Where are the oldest oak trees in Central America?,"The Cerro Arenal Natural Reserve was declared a protected area on November 4, 1991, it compromises one of 78 protected areas of Nicaragua and is managed by Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (MARENA). The highest point in the reserve is located inside a tropical cloud forest 1,570 meters above sea level, rain occurs 8 months annually, between May and December. Cerro Arenal Natural Reserve is one of the smallest protected areas of Nicaragua and is abundant with flora and fauna. Many animals are present throughout the reserve, animals such as monkeys, and armadillos. The reserve also contains the oldest oak trees in Central America.","The oldest oak trees reside in the Cerro Arenal Natural Reserve, which was officially declared a protected area on November 4, 1991.",closed_qa Who is the Denver Broncos best player in franchise history?,,"John Elway is widely considered the best player for the Denver Broncos. In addition to leading the team to five Super Bowls, and winning three, he is also a holder of numerous franchise and NFL records. He became a fan favorite for his toughness. His most memorable moment was the ""helicopter play"" in Super Bowl XXXII, a key moment in the game. Other notable players include Steve Atwater, Shannon Sharpe, Randy Gradishar, Terrell Davis, Rod Smith, Peyton Manning, Jake Plummer, and Tom Jackson.",creative_writing What is Ethereum?,,"Ethereum is a decentralized blockchain with smart contract functionality. Ether (is the native cryptocurrency of the platform. Among cryptocurrencies, ether is second only to bitcoin in market capitalization. It is open-source software. Ethereum was conceived in 2013 by programmer Vitalik Buterin. Additional founders of Ethereum included Gavin Wood, Charles Hoskinson, Anthony Di Iorio and Joseph Lubin.",open_qa What is the largest city in Washington state?,,Seattle,open_qa Is the sun a star or a planet?,,"The sun is not a planet but a star. It is not only the nearest and sole star in our solar system, it also happens to be its center.",classification "Given the paragraph around Star Trek starships, which is the fastest.","The warp drive of the Prometheus-class made the ships of this class faster than any other starship in the fleet at the time in the mid 2370s. The warp drive was capable of maintaining speeds exceeding warp 9.9. (VOY: ""Message in a Bottle"")",The fastest starship in the Star Trek universe is the USS Prometheus,closed_qa Which colors are in a rainbow?,,"A rainbow consists of the following seven colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.",open_qa How many disciplines of rowing are there?,"Rowing, sometimes called crew in the United States, is the sport of racing boats using oars. It differs from paddling sports in that rowing oars are attached to the boat using oarlocks, while paddles are not connected to the boat. Rowing is divided into two disciplines: sculling and sweep rowing. In sculling, each rower holds two oars—one in each hand, while in sweep rowing each rower holds one oar with both hands. There are several boat classes in which athletes may compete, ranging from single sculls, occupied by one person, to shells with eight rowers and a coxswain, called eights. There are a wide variety of course types and formats of racing, but most elite and championship level racing is conducted on calm water courses 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) long with several lanes marked using buoys.",There are two primary rowing disciplines: sweep rowing and sculling.,summarization Does Grigorievna Nazarenko live in Moscow?,Professor Tatyana Grigorievna Nazarenko is one of the leading Russian contemporary painters who has set new directions in Russian Art and Painting starting from the 1970s. She was born in Moscow where she still lives and works.,"Yes, she lives in Moscow",closed_qa Are there still grizzly bears in California?,,"No, although the grizzly bear is a symbol of California, grizzly bears are extinct in California",open_qa "Given this background text about the Byzantine Empire, which empire can the Byzantines trace their origins?","The Byzantine Empire,[note 1] also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople. It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire remained the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. The terms ""Byzantine Empire"" and ""Eastern Roman Empire"" were coined after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire and to themselves as Romans[note 2]—a term which Greeks continued to use for themselves into Ottoman times. Although the Roman state continued and its traditions were maintained, modern historians prefer to differentiate the Byzantine Empire from Ancient Rome as it was centered on Constantinople instead of Rome, oriented towards Greek rather than Latin culture, and was characterized by Eastern Orthodox Christianity. During the high period of the Roman Empire known as the Pax Romana, the western parts of the empire went through Latinization, while the eastern parts of the empire maintained to a large degree their Hellenistic culture. Several events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the period of transition during which the Roman Empire's Greek East and Latin West diverged. Constantine I (r. 324–337) reorganized the empire, made Constantinople the capital, and legalized Christianity. Under Theodosius I (r. 379–395), Christianity became the state religion, and other religious practices were proscribed. In the reign of Heraclius (r. 610–641), the empire's military and administration were restructured, and Greek was gradually adopted for official use in place of Latin. The borders of the empire fluctuated through several cycles of decline and recovery. During the reign of Justinian I (r. 527–565), the empire reached its greatest extent after the fall of the west, re-conquering much of the historically Roman western Mediterranean coast, including Africa, Italy and Rome, which it held for two more centuries. The Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 exhausted the empire's resources, and during the early Muslim conquests of the 7th century, it lost its richest provinces, Egypt and Syria, to the Rashidun Caliphate. It then lost Africa to the Umayyads in 698, before the empire was rescued by the Isaurian dynasty. During the Macedonian dynasty (9th–11th centuries), the empire expanded again and experienced the two-century-long Macedonian Renaissance, which came to an end with the defeat by Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. Civil wars and the ensuing Seljuk invasion led to the loss of most of Asia Minor. The empire recovered during the Komnenian restoration, and by the 12th century, Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city in Europe. The empire was delivered a mortal blow during the Fourth Crusade when Constantinople was sacked in 1204 and the territories that the empire formerly governed were divided into competing Byzantine Greek and Latin realms. Despite the eventual recovery of Constantinople in 1261, the Byzantine Empire remained only one of several small rival states in the area for the final two centuries of its existence. Its remaining territories were progressively annexed by the Ottomans in the Byzantine–Ottoman wars over the 14th and 15th centuries. The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 marked the end of the Byzantine Empire. Refugees fleeing the city after its capture would settle in Italy and other parts of Europe, helping to ignite the Renaissance. The Empire of Trebizond was conquered eight years later when its eponymous capital surrendered to Ottoman forces after it was besieged in 1461. The last Byzantine rump state, the Principality of Theodoro, was conquered by the Ottomans in 1475. Arguments can be made that the fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottomans is one of several factors contributing to the end of the Middle Ages and the start of the early modern period.[not verified in body]",The Byzantine Empire traces it's origins to the Roman Empire,closed_qa What is the height of the Domtoren in Utrecht.,"The Dom Tower (Cathedral Tower, Dutch: Domtoren) of Utrecht is the tallest church tower in the Netherlands, at 112.5 metres (368 feet) in height. It is considered the symbol of Utrecht. The tower was part of St. Martin's Cathedral, also known as the Dom Church, and was built between 1321 and 1382, to a design by John of Hainaut. The cathedral was never fully completed due to lack of money. Since the unfinished nave collapsed in 1674, the Dom tower has been a freestanding tower. The tower stands at the spot where the city of Utrecht originated almost 2,000 years ago. Design and construction The Dom Tower was one of the largest towers constructed in Europe during the fourteenth century, and it was planned to show the power of the church in Utrecht.[citation needed] Its construction led preacher Geert Groote to protest against the vanity of such an immense project, suggesting it was too tall, too expensive and all but aesthetic. The tower consists of two square blocks, topped by a much lighter lantern. One of the most striking features is the absence of visible buttresses. Its particular shape and original architecture had a large influence on many other towers in the Netherlands, including the Martinitoren in Groningen.[citation needed] Upon completion in 1382 the tower stood 109 metres tall. However the height was increased during the restorations in 1910, to its present height of 112.5 metres. The Dom tower was a multifunctional building. In addition to being a belfry, it contained a private chapel of the Bishop of Utrecht on the first floor. It also served as a watchtower; the tower guard was housed on the second floor of the lower square block.","The Dom Tower (Cathedral Tower, Dutch: Domtoren) of Utrecht is the tallest church tower in the Netherlands, at 112.5 metres (368 feet) in height.The Dom Tower was one of the largest towers constructed in Europe during the fourteenth century, and it was planned to show the power of the church in Utrecht.",summarization "Given this paragraph, who was the first person to run the Western States 100 in under 24 hours?","The Western States Trail Ride was first completed on foot by seven soldiers from Fort Riley, Kansas during the 1972 event, proving that the mountain course could be marched in less than two days. In 1974 Gordy Ainsleigh was the first to run it in under 24 hours. Ainsleigh had finished the Western States Trail Ride (Tevis Cup) in 1971 and 1972 on horseback, but in 1973 his new horse was pulled with lameness at the 29-mile checkpoint. In 1974, with the inspiration and encouragement of Drucilla Barner, the first woman to win the Tevis Cup and Secretary of the Western States Trail Foundation, Gordy joined the horses of the Western States Trail Ride to see if he could complete the course on foot in under 24 hours. Twenty-three hours and forty-two minutes later Gordy arrived in Auburn, proving that a runner could cover the Western States trail in a day. However, he did not run 100 miles. The course was at most 89 miles until 1980 when it was extended to 93.5 miles and in 1985 finally to 100 miles. Running 100 miles in a day was nothing new. About 1,000 runners worldwide had run or walked 100 miles in a day prior to 1974 on tracks, roads, and trails.",In 1974 Gordy Ainsleigh was the first to run it in under 24 hours.,closed_qa What is Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs?,"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. Based on the 1812 German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm, it is the first full-length traditionally animated feature film and the first Disney animated feature film. The production was supervised by David Hand, and the film's sequences were directed by Perce Pearce, William Cottrell, Larry Morey, Wilfred Jackson, and Ben Sharpsteen.",Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is an animated musical fantasy film produced in 1937. It was produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. It is the first full-length traditionally animated feature film and the first animated feature film from Disney.,information_extraction Summarize this paragraph about Candie Carawan's Highlander Center activism.,"At one point during her career in activism, after two weeks of sit-ins she was arrested and put into jail. While in jail, the guards separated the white women from the black women. ""The only connection we had with the others was the music"". However, with these sit-ins, she helped contribute to the abolishing of lunch-counter segregation in Nashville. Candie notes how she was ""naive"" saying ""I was sure we would have just a few sit-ins, point out to the nation that there was something wrong, and the world would change."" In 1966, the SNCC voted to remove whites from their membership. Candie says SNCC should get more credit for reducing the fear in Mississippi and prompting many people to join the movement.","Candie was an activist who helped contribute to the abolishment of lunch counter segregation in Nashville by participating in sit-ins. She notes that she was naive and thought a few sit-ins would bring awareness and cause the world to change. She was arrested after two weeks of participation in these sit-ins. The SNCC voted to remove whites from their membership in 1966, and Candie believes they should receive more credit for reducing fear in Mississippi and prompting many people to join the movement.",summarization List different ways in which Nuclear power can be obtained based on the passage.,"Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions. Presently, the vast majority of electricity from nuclear power is produced by nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium in nuclear power plants. Nuclear decay processes are used in niche applications such as radioisotope thermoelectric generators in some space probes such as Voyager 2. Generating electricity from fusion power remains the focus of international research. Most nuclear power plants use thermal reactors with enriched uranium in a once-through fuel cycle. Fuel is removed when the percentage of neutron absorbing atoms becomes so large that a chain reaction can no longer be sustained, typically three years. It is then cooled for several years in on-site spent fuel pools before being transferred to long term storage. The spent fuel, though low in volume, is high-level radioactive waste. While its radioactivity decreases exponentially it must be isolated from the biosphere for hundreds of thousands of years, though newer technologies (like fast reactors) have the potential to reduce this significantly. Because the spent fuel is still mostly fissionable material, some countries (e.g. France and Russia) reprocess their spent fuel by extracting fissile and fertile elements for fabrication in new fuel, although this process is more expensive than producing new fuel from mined uranium. All reactors breed some plutonium-239, which is found in the spent fuel, and because Pu-239 is the preferred material for nuclear weapons, reprocessing is seen as a weapon proliferation risk.","Nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions.",information_extraction Who is Sachin Tendulkar?,,"Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar is an Indian former international cricketer who captained the Indian national team. He is regarded as one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket. He is the all-time highest run-scorer in both ODI and Test cricket with more than 18,000 runs and 15,000 runs, respectively. He also holds the record for receiving the most man-of-the-match awards in international cricket.[",open_qa Why is sailing so much fun?,,"Sailing is a wonderful sport. It's a great way to learn about the wind, physics and environment while being out in the fresh air and sun. There are many enjoyable things you can learn while sailing: how to navigate, how to tie ropes, how to read the wind and how to change the sails. Sailing is often a team sport and is a great way to work together outside. There is nothing like feeling the wind in your face and salt in your hair.",open_qa What does IIT stand for in India?,"The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are prestigious central government owned public technical institutes located across India. Known for their excellence in education, they are under the ownership of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India. They are governed by the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961, declaring them as Institutes of National Importance and laying down their powers, duties, and framework for governance as the country's premier institutions in the field of technology. The act currently lists twenty-three IITs. Each IIT has autonomy and is linked to others through a common council called the IIT Council, which oversees their administration. The Minister of Education of India is the ex officio Chairperson of the IIT Council. Currently, there are 23 IITs across the country.","IIT stands for Indian Institutes of Technology. They are government owned technical institutes known for their excellence in education. Currently, there are 23 institutes across India.",information_extraction Why do kids have to take tests in school?,,"Children and adolescents take tests in school because it is a good way to measure their current knowledge. These students study certain topics and testing is a way to measure how much knowledge is retained. Tests are also ways to motivate students to try harder because tests are typically graded with a letter grade. A is associated with a perfect score, F is considered failing, and a C is considered average. These grades can act as motivators for students and create a friendly competition in schools and other external study programs to see who can do the best.",open_qa According to the passage what is the best way of making progress with mathematics?,"the famous professor Johann Bernoulli made it a special pleasure for himself to help me along in the mathematical sciences. Private lessons, however, he refused because of his busy schedule. However, he gave me a far more salutary advice, which consisted in myself getting a hold of some of the more difficult mathematical books and working through them with great diligence, and should I encounter some objections or difficulties, he offered me free access to him every Saturday afternoon, and he was gracious enough to comment on the collected difficulties, which was done with such a desired advantage that, when he resolved one of my objections, ten others at once disappeared, which certainly is the best method of making happy progress in the mathematical sciences.","Working through the more difficult mathematical books with great diligence, collect questions and difficulties and seek help from a professor to solve them",summarization Which league are West Ham in and where is there ground?,"West Ham United Football Club is an English professional football club that plays its home matches in Stratford, East London. The club competes in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. The club plays at the London Stadium, having moved from their former home, the Boleyn Ground, in 2016.",West Ham United are in the English Premier League which is the top tier in England. They play at the London Stadium in Stratford. Stratford is in East London. Up until 2016 West Ham played at the Boleyn Ground.,summarization is a career in enterprise software a good was to go?,,yes,open_qa What movie received the most nominations for the 70th Academy Awards?,"The nominees for the 70th Academy Awards were announced on February 10, 1998, at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Robert Rehme, president of the academy, and actress Geena Davis. Titanic received the most nominations with a record-tying fourteen (1950's All About Eve, and later 2016's La La Land, also achieved this distinction); Good Will Hunting and L.A. Confidential came in second with nine apiece.",Titanic received the most nominations at fourteen nominations at the 70th Academy Awards,information_extraction is finance a great career,,yes,open_qa What was the Counter Reformation?,,The Counter Reformation was a Catholic religious movement which was in response to the Protestant Reformation and sought to strengthen the Catholic faith.,open_qa "Given a reference text about Pwojè Pyebwa, who funded the project?","Pwojè Pyebwa (Tree Project) is a tree-planting project in Haiti. It was designed, implemented, and initially run by cultural anthropologists. Different from reforestation projects, Pwojè Pyebwa promoted agroforestry—the strategic mixing of crops, trees, and animals. The agroforestry project in Haiti project was funded by the United States Agency for International Development USAID, but implemented through the Pan American Development Organization (PADF) and CARE. It was originally called the Agroforestry Outreach Project (AOP). The original project spanned a decade (1981–1991), but policies from Pwojè Pyebwa continued to direct PADF tree-planting through a second decade (1992 to 2000). The project was executed throughout the country. Based on Haitian farmers’ voluntary and widespread participation, the project has been deemed a success by many. Pwojè Pyebwa distributed free trees to farmers, and advised on the incorporation of trees into existing cropping arrangements based on anthropological research into the land tenure, agricultural systems, and the historical market-orientation of Haitian peasant farmers. The project eventually won the Praxis prize in applied anthropology. It is estimated that the project involved one-third of the entire rural Haitian population. Approximately 65 million trees were planted.",Pwojè Pyebwa was funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).,closed_qa "Based on this paragraph about dogs, what is a French Bulldog?","The French Bulldog, French: Bouledogue Français, is a French breed of companion dog or toy dog. It appeared in Paris in the mid-nineteenth century, apparently the result of cross-breeding of Toy Bulldogs imported from England and local Parisian ratters. It is commonly kept as a pet, and is among the most frequently registered dogs in a number of countries including Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.","The French Bulldog is a French breed of companion dog or toy dog. It is is among the most frequently registered dogs in a number of countries including Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.",closed_qa "Name some reasons it's great to live in Marin County, California.",,"Marin County is a great place to live for many reasons, including the beautiful scenery, the mild, pleasant weather, and the abundance of outdoor activities, while at the same time being close to San Francisco. Mountain biking on the fire trails in the hills of Marin, and climbing various hilltops is very enjoyable. There are fantastic views of the city of San Francisco, and of San Francisco Bay from many points in the county. Walking or biking the Tiburon Bike Path is also great fun. From Marin it's easy to take great day trips to nearby Napa and Sonoma counties, to enjoy their beautiful natural settings and to visit the wineries and nice restaurants.",brainstorming "Given this paragraph about e-readers, what is the e-reader designed and marketed by Amazon?","Amazon Kindle is a series of e-readers designed and marketed by Amazon. Amazon Kindle devices enable users to browse, buy, download, and read e-books, newspapers, magazines and other digital media via wireless networking to the Kindle Store. The hardware platform, which Amazon subsidiary Lab126 developed, began as a single device in 2007. Currently, it comprises a range of devices, including e-readers with E Ink electronic paper displays and Kindle applications on all major computing platforms. All Kindle devices integrate with Windows and macOS file systems and Kindle Store content and, as of March 2018, the store had over six million e-books available in the United States.",Amazon Kindle,closed_qa "Which one of these instruments are brass instruments? trombone, viola, trumpet, tuba, flute, clarinet, saxophone and piano.",,"The instruments out that list that are brass instruments are: trombone, trumpet and tuba.",classification "Polly, a 51-year-old female, visits your fitness facility. She is dissatisfied with her body and is responding to a series of ads your facility uses to attract people interested in weight loss. Can we think of ways she can become more accepting of her body?",,"Instead of jumping to intense workout regimens or strict diets, we can coax her to focus more on what her body can accomplish physically versus just how it looks. We wish to encourage her to accept her body and cherish her progress in her athletic endeavors, e.g. if she is consistently performing resistance exercises, remind her that her body can now lift much more weight than when she first started. She can focus more on that, instead of purely a number on a scale. Moreover, we can also dig into where her body insecurities came from, and take steps so that she can work through this trauma. Suggestions include renaming a specific disliked body part, focusing on the great parts of her own body, and appreciating the inherent strength and functionality of her body.",brainstorming "Which of these shoe types are appropriate for running; boat shoes, derby shoes, hiking shoes, high heels, sneakers, sandals, tennis shoes, skating shoes, boats, mules",,"These shoes are appropriate for running; tennis shoes, sneakers, trainer shoes, skating shoes",classification What is renal compensation?,"Renal compensation is a mechanism by which the kidneys can regulate the plasma pH. It is slower than respiratory compensation, but has a greater ability to restore normal values. Kidneys maintain the acid-base balance through two mechanisms,- the secretion of H+ ions and the reabsorption of bicarbonate HCO3 from urine which is then released into the blood. The regulation of H+ ions and bicarbonate HCO3 is determined by the concentration of the two released within the urine. These mechanisms of secretion and reabsorption balance the pH of the bloodstream. A restored acid-base balanced bloodstream thus leads to a restored acid-base balance throughout the entire body.","Renal compensation is the mechanism that the kidneys use to regulate plasma pH. It is a slower process than respiratory compensation, but increases the body's ability to restore normal values.",information_extraction What conference does the Spokane Braves belong to?,"The Spokane Braves are a Junior ""B"" Ice Hockey team based in Spokane, Washington, United States. They are members of the Neil Murdoch Division of the Kootenay Conference of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League (KIJHL). They play their home games at Eagles Ice-A-Rena. The Braves are the only team in the KIJHL to play in the United States. They were forced to go on hiatus at the beginning of the 20/21 season due to the US/Canada border closure.",The Spokane Braves are members of the Kootenay Conference of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League (KIJHL).,summarization "Mahatma Gandhi gave a slogan on Aug 8, 1942 .What was the slogan?",,Do or Die for Independence,open_qa Abel Prize is given in which field ?,,Abel Prize is given in the field of Mathematics,open_qa Which is a species of fish? Snook or Sneak,,Snook,classification When was Galaga released?,"Galaga is a 1981 fixed shooter arcade video game developed and published by Namco. In North America, it was released by Midway Manufacturing. It is the sequel to Galaxian (1979), Namco's first major video game hit in arcades. Controlling a starship, the player is tasked with destroying the Galaga forces in each stage while avoiding enemies and projectiles. Some enemies can capture a player's ship via a tractor beam, which can be rescued to transform the player into a ""dual fighter"" with additional firepower.",Galaga was released in 1981 as a fixed shooter arcade video game developed and published by Namco.,closed_qa Why might YouTube employees be sensitive about guns?,"Through this period, YouTube tried several new ways to generate revenue beyond advertisements. In 2013, YouTube launched a pilot program for content providers to offer premium, subscription-based channels. This effort was discontinued in January 2018 and relaunched in June, with US$4.99 channel subscriptions. These channel subscriptions complemented the existing Super Chat ability, launched in 2017, which allows viewers to donate between $1 and $500 to have their comment highlighted. In 2014, YouTube announced a subscription service known as ""Music Key,"" which bundled ad-free streaming of music content on YouTube with the existing Google Play Music service. The service continued to evolve in 2015 when YouTube announced YouTube Red, a new premium service that would offer ad-free access to all content on the platform (succeeding the Music Key service released the previous year), premium original series, and films produced by YouTube personalities, as well as background playback of content on mobile devices. YouTube also released YouTube Music, a third app oriented towards streaming and discovering the music content hosted on the YouTube platform. The company also attempted to create products appealing to specific viewers. YouTube released a mobile app known as YouTube Kids in 2015, designed to provide an experience optimized for children. It features a simplified user interface, curated selections of channels featuring age-appropriate content, and parental control features. Also in 2015, YouTube launched YouTube Gaming—a video gaming-oriented vertical and app for videos and live streaming, intended to compete with the Amazon.com-owned Twitch. The company was attacked on April 3, 2018, when a shooting occurred at YouTube's headquarters in San Bruno, California, which wounded four and resulted in one death (the shooter).","In April 3, 2018, a shooting occurred at YouTube's headquarters in San Bruno, California, which wounded four and resulted in one death (the shooter). Also, depending on the political affiliation of the employees, they may be sensitive about topics regarding gun control and safety.",summarization What is Github Copilot?,"GitHub Copilot is a cloud-based artificial intelligence tool developed by GitHub and OpenAI to assist users of Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, Neovim, and JetBrains integrated development environments (IDEs) by autocompleting code. Currently available by subscription to individual developers, the tool was first announced by GitHub on 29 June 2021, and works best for users coding in Python, JavaScript, TypeScript, Ruby, and Go.",GitHub Copilot is a cloud-based artificial intelligence tool developed by GitHub and OpenAI,closed_qa What type of music do U2 make?,"U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin, formed in 1976. The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion). Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's musical style has evolved throughout their career, yet has maintained an anthemic quality built on Bono's expressive vocals and the Edge's chiming, effects-based guitar sounds. Bono's lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal and sociopolitical themes. Popular for their live performances, the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career.","U2 are a rock band. They started out as a post punk band and although this has evolved they have kept their anthemic style. Their sound is built on Bono's vocals and Edge's guitar. Their lyrics include spiritual images, and themes of a personal and political nature.",information_extraction Which is a species of fish? Trahira or Tahini,,Trahira,classification What mode of transport is stereotypically associated with San Francisco?,,The cable car is a famous type of transport in San Francisco,open_qa When was Kyoto the capital of Japan?,"Kyoto is one of the oldest municipalities in Japan, having been chosen in 794 as the new seat of Japan's imperial court by Emperor Kanmu. The original city, named Heian-kyō, was arranged in accordance with traditional Chinese feng shui following the model of the ancient Chinese capitals of Chang'an and Luoyang. The emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869. It was the scene of several key events of the Muromachi period, Sengoku period, and the Boshin War, such as the Ōnin War, the Honnō-ji Incident, the Kinmon incident and the Battle of Toba–Fushimi. The capital was relocated from Kyoto to Tokyo after the Meiji Restoration.",The emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto from 794 as the new seat of Japan's imperial court for eleven centuries until 1869.,closed_qa Give me a list of the usual accompaniments that are served with Peking duck,"Peking duck is a dish from Beijing (Peking) that has been prepared since the Imperial era. The meat is characterized by its thin, crispy skin, with authentic versions of the dish serving mostly the skin and little meat, sliced in front of the diners by the cook. Ducks bred especially for the dish are slaughtered after 65 days and seasoned before being roasted in a closed or hung oven. The meat is often eaten with spring onion, cucumber and sweet bean sauce with pancakes rolled around the fillings. Sometimes pickled radish is also inside. Crispy aromatic duck is a similar dish to Peking duck and is popular in the United Kingdom.","Peking duck is usually accompanied with spring onion, cucumber and sweet bean sauce",summarization "From the passage provided, extract the date when the iPhone was announced publicly for the first time.","Development of an Apple smartphone began in 2004, when Apple started to gather a team of 1,000 employees led by hardware engineer Tony Fadell, software engineer Scott Forstall, and design officer Jony Ive, to work on the highly confidential ""Project Purple"". Then-Apple CEO Steve Jobs steered the original focus away from a tablet (which was later revisited in the form of the iPad) towards a phone. Apple created the device during a secretive collaboration with Cingular Wireless (later renamed AT&T Mobility) at the time—at an estimated development cost of US$150 million over thirty months. According to Jobs in 1998, the ""i"" word in ""iMac"" (and therefore ""iPod"", ""iPhone"" and ""iPad"") stands for internet, individual, instruct, inform, and inspire. Apple rejected the ""design by committee"" approach that had yielded the Motorola ROKR E1, a largely unsuccessful ""iTunes phone"" made in collaboration with Motorola. Among other deficiencies, the ROKR E1's firmware limited storage to only 100 iTunes songs to avoid competing with Apple's iPod nano. Cingular gave Apple the liberty to develop the iPhone's hardware and software in-house, a rare practice at the time, and paid Apple a fraction of its monthly service revenue (until the iPhone 3G), in exchange for four years of exclusive U.S. sales, until 2011. Jobs unveiled the first-generation iPhone to the public on January 9, 2007, at the Macworld 2007 convention at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. The iPhone incorporated a 3.5-inch multi-touch display with few hardware buttons, and ran the iPhone OS operating system with a touch-friendly interface, then marketed as a version of Mac OS X. It launched on June 29, 2007, at a starting price of US$499 in the United States, and required a two-year contract with AT&T. Worldwide iPhone availability: iPhone available since its original release iPhone available since the release of iPhone 3G On July 11, 2008, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) 2008, Apple announced the iPhone 3G, and expanded its launch-day availability to twenty-two countries, and it was eventually released in 70 countries and territories. The iPhone 3G introduced faster 3G connectivity, and a lower starting price of US$199 (with a two-year AT&T contract). Its successor, the iPhone 3GS, was announced on June 8, 2009, at WWDC 2009, and introduced video recording functionality. First iPhone on display under glass at the January 2007 Macworld show The iPhone 4 was announced on June 7, 2010, at WWDC 2010, and introduced a redesigned body incorporating a stainless steel frame and a rear glass panel. At release, the iPhone 4 was marketed as the ""world's thinnest smartphone""; it uses the Apple A4 processor, being the first iPhone to use an Apple custom-designed chip. It introduced the Retina display, having four-times the display resolution of preceding iPhones, and was the highest-resolution smartphone screen at release; a front-facing camera was also introduced, enabling video calling functionality via FaceTime. Users of the iPhone 4 reported dropped/disconnected telephone calls when holding their phones in a certain way, and this issue was nicknamed ""antennagate"". In January 2011, as Apple's exclusivity agreement with AT&T was expiring, Verizon announced that they would be carrying the iPhone 4, with a model compatible with Verizon's CDMA network releasing on February 10","Then-Apple CEO Steve Jobs publicly announced the first-generation iPhone on January 9, 2007, at the Macworld 2007 convention at the Moscone Center in San Francisco.",information_extraction Extract the ingredients in bee pollen from the text.,"Bee pollen, also known as bee bread and ambrosia, is a ball or pellet of field-gathered flower pollen packed by worker honeybees, and used as the primary food source for the hive. It consists of simple sugars, protein, minerals and vitamins, fatty acids, and a small percentage of other components. Bee pollen is stored in brood cells, mixed with saliva, and sealed with a drop of honey. Bee pollen is harvested as food for humans and marketed as having various, but yet unproven, health benefits.","Bee pollen consists of simple sugars, protein, minerals, vitamins, fatty acids, and some other components.",information_extraction What is the chief economic activity of Weselberg?,Weselberg is a municipality in the Wallhalben municipality of the Südwestpfalz district of Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany. The sister portion of the town on the western outskirts is Zeselberg. The chief economic activity is agriculture.,agriculture,information_extraction How many people attended the Summer Breeze Open Air?,"Summer Breeze Open Air is an annual German heavy metal music festival. It was first held in 1997. The festival had been held in Abtsgmünd until 2006 when it was moved to its new location of Dinkelsbühl, Bavaria. The festival draws around 40,000 attendees annually.","The German heavy metal music festival Summer Breeze Open Air drew 40,000 attendees annually.",summarization Which is the capital of Union Territory of Ladakh ?,"The Leh–Manali Highway is a 428 km (266 mi) long highway in northernmost India connecting Leh, the capital of the Union Territory of Ladakh, to Manali in the state of Himachal Pradesh.",Leh is the capital of the Union Territory of Ladakh.,information_extraction "Given a reference text, who is the Ryder Cup named after?","The Ryder Cup is a biennial men's golf competition between teams from Europe and the United States. The competition is contested every two years with the venue alternating between courses in the United States and Europe. The Ryder Cup is named after the English businessman Samuel Ryder who donated the trophy. The event is jointly administered by the PGA of America and Ryder Cup Europe, the latter a joint venture of the PGA European Tour (60%), the PGA of Great Britain and Ireland (20%), and the PGAs of Europe (20%). Originally contested between Great Britain and the United States, the first official Ryder Cup took place in the United States in 1927 at Worcester Country Club in Worcester, Massachusetts. The home team won the first five contests, but with the competition's resumption after the Second World War, repeated American dominance eventually led to a decision to extend the representation of ""Great Britain and Ireland"" to include continental Europe from 1979. The inclusion of continental European golfers was partly prompted by the success of a new generation of Spanish golfers, led by Seve Ballesteros and Antonio Garrido. In 1973 the official title of the British Team had been changed from ""Great Britain"" to ""Great Britain and Ireland"", but this was simply a change of name to reflect the fact that golfers from the Republic of Ireland had been playing in the Great Britain Ryder Cup team since 1953, while Northern Irish players had competed since 1947. In addition to players from Great Britain and Ireland, the European team has since included players from Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain and Sweden.",The Ryder Cup is named after English businessman Samuel Ryder.,closed_qa What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?,,The ring of fire is the area around the pacific with high amounts of tectonic activity such as earthquakes and volcanos. Countries that have coastlines in the ring of fire include the United States and Japan,open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the names of moons/natural satellites of Mars.","Mars (1.382–1.666 AU (206.7–249.2 million km; 128.5–154.9 million mi) from the Sun) is smaller than Earth and Venus (0.107 MEarth). It has an atmosphere of mostly carbon dioxide with a surface pressure of 6.1 millibars (0.088 psi; 0.18 inHg); roughly 0.6% of that of Earth but sufficient to support weather phenomena. Its surface, peppered with volcanoes, such as Olympus Mons, and rift valleys, such as Valles Marineris, shows geological activity that may have persisted until as recently as 2 million years ago. Its red colour comes from iron oxide (rust) in its soil. Mars has two tiny natural satellites (Deimos and Phobos) thought to be either captured asteroids, or ejected debris from a massive impact early in Mars's history.",Mars has two moons/natural satellites : Deimos and Phobos,information_extraction "Given this paragraph about the Ain Elzarga Wetland, why is this location one of the most important wetlands in the region?","Ain Elzarga Wetland is a Ramsar-protected wetland of Libya. It was established in 2000 and covers an area of 33 hectares (82 acres). Ramsar says of it: ""A small natural sebkha or depression with at least one natural connection to the sea, wet all year round but with increasing water levels and salinity during summer. The sebkha, with mudflats and salt marsh community, is surrounded by dunes from east to west and rocky hills to the south and east. The site is one of the most important wetlands in the area of the El Kouf National Park for migratory waterbirds. The birdwatching and ecotourism potential is considerable but undeveloped. Unsustainable hunting and destruction of vegetation, especially during summer, are considered threats.",The Ain Elzarga Wetland is an important wetland due to being the home for migratory waterbirds.,closed_qa "Find the bird in this list: Aquatic warbler, Tiger, Shark",,Aquatic warbler,classification Which player has won the most Superbowls?,,Tom Brady,open_qa "Which of these cities are in Austria: Graz, Warsaw, Amsterdam, Vienna, New York, Jakarta",,"Out of the cities you listed, Graz and Vienna are in Austria.",classification "Who sings the song ""Riptide""?",,"Vance Joy sings ""Riptide""",open_qa Provide some key points on Cardiac surgery from the given text,"Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.","1. Cardiac surgery, often known as cardiovascular surgery, is heart or large vessel surgery carried out by cardiac surgeons. 2. It is frequently used to cure congenital heart disease, treat valvular heart disease from many causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis, or to address complications of ischemic heart disease (for instance, with coronary artery bypass grafting). 3. Heart transplantation is also a part of it.",summarization Is Yoga effective in losing weight?,,"Yoga helps burn calories. Specific forms of Yoga like Vinayasa, Ashtanga and Power Yoga help burn more calories since your body is mostly moving throughout the practice. Being consistent and having a balanced diet goes hand in hand with any form of workout if one wishes to lose weight. Yoga can also help increase muscle mass and tone. While practicing Yoga, one is constantly focusing on the breathing with each change in posture which helps increases mindfulness as well. Various researches have also shown that yoga also helps in managing stress and improve your mood.",open_qa "What happens during the section called ""Giggle Box""?","The TV series was starred and created by Justin Fletcher, who plays the characters in all of the comedy sketches and also wrote a few sketches in its first series. Some of the sketches are filmed in the studio, while other sketches are filmed outside; for example, one is filmed at Portmeirion, used for the fictional town of Wiggyville where Captain Adorable's sketches are set from Series 1 to 2. The show is interspersed with a selection of children called the Gigglekids, who tell jokes to Justin himself, in their own section called 'Giggle Box'.",Children called the Gigglekids tell jokes to Justin.,closed_qa Tell me more about congratulatory message.,,"A message of congratulations or best wishes sent to someone after they have accomplished a noteworthy feat or milestone is known as a congratulatory message. Congratulatory messages can be conveyed via a variety of media, including social media posts, emails, cards, emails, and text messages. It's customary to send congratulations to recognise and congratulate someone's accomplishment of a goal or significant milestone. They can be delivered for a range of events, such as graduations, promotions, new employment, marriages, births, or personal triumphs. Depending on the relationship between the sender and the recipient as well as the type of accomplishment being honoured, the tone and style of a congrats message may change. Depending on the congratulations, some remarks could be formal and professional.",open_qa "Based on the reference text about coffee, tell me where coffee plants are primarily grown and the most common bean types.","Coffee is a beverage prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It has the highest sales in the world market for hot drinks. Seeds of the Coffea plant's fruits are separated to produce unroasted green coffee beans. The beans are roasted and then ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and cream are often used to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor. Though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the Red Sea. The earliest credible evidence of coffee drinking in the form of the modern beverage appears in modern-day Yemen from the mid-15th century in Sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. The Yemenis procured the coffee beans from the Ethiopian Highlands via coastal Somali intermediaries and began cultivation. By the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the Middle East and North Africa, later spreading to Europe. In the 20th century, coffee became a global commodity, creating different coffee cultures around the world. The two most commonly grown coffee bean types are C. arabica and C. robusta. Coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and Africa. As of 2018, Brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing 35% of the world's total. Green, unroasted coffee is traded as an agricultural commodity. Despite sales of coffee reaching billions of dollars worldwide, farmers producing coffee beans disproportionately live in poverty. Critics of the coffee industry have also pointed to its negative impact on the environment and the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use","Coffee plants are cultivated mainly in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and Africa. The most common types of coffee beans are arabica and robusta.",closed_qa Who won March Madness?,"The 2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament involved 68 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament that determined the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's basketball national champion for the 2022–23 season. The 84th annual edition of the tournament began on March 14, 2023, and concluded with the UConn Huskies defeating the San Diego State Aztecs, 76–59 in the championship game on April 3 at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas.","UConn Huskies won the 2023 NCAA Division 1 men's basketball tournament defeating San Diego State Aztecs, 76-59. This tournament is popularly known as March Madness.",closed_qa What is Grafana?,,"Grafana is a multi-platform open source analytics and interactive visualization web application. It provides charts, graphs, and alerts for the web when connected to supported data sources.",open_qa "Based on the paragraph below, what are some potential benefits of TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) treatment?","Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a commonly used treatment approach to alleviate acute and chronic pain by reducing the sensitization of dorsal horn neurons, elevating levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine, and inhibiting glial activation. However, many systematic reviews and meta analyses assessing clinical trials looking at the effectiveness of using TENS to reduce different sources of pain have been inconclusive due to a lack of high quality and unbiased evidence. Potential benefits of TENS treatment include the safety, relative low cost, the ability to self-administer, and availability over the counter without a prescription. In principle, an adequate intensity of stimulation is necessary to achieve pain relief with TENS. An analysis of treatment fidelity (meaning that the delivery of TENS in a trial was in accordance with current clinical advice, such as using ""a strong but comfortable sensation"" and suitable, frequent treatment durations) showed that higher fidelity trials tended to have a positive outcome.","Some benefits of TENS treatment are the low cost, ability to self-administer (which lends itself to flexibility, and being able to treat at home), and availability without a prescription.",information_extraction Which band sang No Sleep Till Brooklyn?,,The Beastie Boys,open_qa What is R language?,,R is a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics.,open_qa Why was the show Seinfeld so popular?,,"Seinfeld was popular because it was a comedy that tackled everyday issues in a relatable and humorous way. The characters and storylines were very realistic and had a wide range of topics to explore, from relationships to social issues to mundane topics like New York City traffic. The show also had a strong ensemble cast that included Jerry Seinfeld, Elaine Benes, George Costanza, and the rest of the main characters. The show was also known for its witty dialogue, memorable catch phrases, and attention to detail in the writing.",brainstorming What is the largest animal in the world,,Blue Whale,open_qa Why do you love Biriyani?,,Because it's flavorful,brainstorming What is Halt and Catch Fire about?,"Halt and Catch Fire is an American period drama television series created by Christopher Cantwell and Christopher C. Rogers. It aired on the cable network AMC in the United States from June 1, 2014, to October 14, 2017, spanning four seasons and 40 episodes. It depicts a fictionalized insider's view of the personal computer revolution of the 1980s and the early days of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s. The show's title refers to computer machine code instruction Halt and Catch Fire (HCF), the execution of which would cause the computer's central processing unit to cease meaningful operation (and in an exaggeration, catch fire).",Halt and Catch Fire is an American period drama spanning four seasons and 40 episodes. It depicts a fictionalized insider's view of the personal computer revolution of the 1980s and the early days of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s.,closed_qa Based on the following passage summarize the history of grape cultivation and use of raisins.,"Traditional dried fruit such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots and apples have been a staple of Mediterranean diets for millennia. This is due partly to their early cultivation in the Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt. Drying or dehydration also happened to be the earliest form of food preservation: grapes, dates, and figs that fell from the tree or vine would dry in the hot sun. Early hunter-gatherers observed that these fallen fruit took on an edible form, and valued them for their stability as well as their concentrated sweetness. The earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC, which contain what are probably the oldest known written recipes. These clay slabs, written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia, were inscribed in cuneiform and tell of diets based on grains (barley, millet, wheat), vegetables and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, pomegranates, and grapes. These early civilizations used dates, date juice evaporated into syrup and raisins as sweeteners. They included dried fruits in their breads for which they had more than 300 recipes, from simple barley bread for the workers to very elaborate, spiced cakes with honey for the palaces and temples. The date palm was one of the first cultivated trees. It was domesticated in Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago. It grew abundantly in the Fertile Crescent and it was so productive (an average date palm produces 50 kg (100 lbs) of fruit a year for 60 years or more) that dates were the cheapest of staple foods. Because they were so valuable, they were well recorded in Assyrian and Babylonian monuments and temples. The villagers in Mesopotamia dried them and ate them as sweets. Whether fresh, soft-dried or hard-dried, they helped to give character to meat dishes and grain pies. They were valued by travelers for their energy and were recommended as stimulants against fatigue. Figs were also prized in early Mesopotamia, Palestine, Israel, and Egypt where their daily use was probably greater than or equal to that of dates. As well as appearing in wall paintings, many specimens have been found in Egyptian tombs as funerary offerings. In Greece and Crete, figs grew very readily and they were the staple of poor and rich alike, particularly in their dried form. Grape cultivation first began in Armenia and the eastern regions of the Mediterranean in the 4th century BC. Raisins were produced by drying grapes in the hot desert sun. Very quickly, viticulture and raisin production spread across northern Africa including Morocco and Tunisia. The Phoenicians and the Egyptians popularized the production of raisins, probably due to the perfect arid environment for sun drying. They put them in jars for storage and allotted them to the different temples by the thousands. They also added them to breads and various pastries, some made with honey, some with milk and eggs. From the Middle East, these fruits spread through Greece to Italy where they became a major part of the diet. Ancient Romans consumed raisins in spectacular quantities and at all levels of society, including them as a key part of their common meals, along with olives and fresh fruits. Raisined breads were common for breakfast and were consumed with their grains, beans, and cultured milks. Raisins were so valued that they transcended the food realm and became rewards for successful athletes, as well as premium barter currency. Having dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: ""She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year."" Figs were also extremely popular in Rome. Dried figs were added to bread and formed a major part of the winter food of country people. They were rubbed with spices such as cumin, anise and fennel seeds, or toasted sesame, wrapped in fig leaves and stored in jars. Today, major producing regions include Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza and many other Arabic countries. Dried figs are rich in vitamins, phosphorus and various other important minerals. Plums, apricots and peaches had their origins in Asia. They were domesticated in China in the 3rd millennium BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were also very popular, fresh and dried alike. They arrived in Greece and Italy much later and were very expensive but valued in the preparation of gourmet dishes with port or stewed with honey and spices.","Grape cultivation first began in Armenia and the eastern regions of the Mediterranean in the 4th century BC. Raisins were produced by drying grapes in the hot desert sun. Very quickly, viticulture and raisin production spread across northern Africa including Morocco and Tunisia. The Phoenicians and the Egyptians popularized the production of raisins, probably due to the perfect arid environment for sun drying. They put them in jars for storage and allotted them to the different temples by the thousands. They also added them to breads and various pastries. From the Middle East, these fruits spread through Greece to Italy where they became a major part of the diet. Ancient Romans consumed raisins in spectacular quantities and at all levels of society, including them as a key part of their common meals, along with olives and fresh fruits. Raisined breads were common for breakfast and were consumed with their grains, beans, and cultured milks. Raisins were so valued that they transcended the food realm and became rewards for successful athletes, as well as premium barter currency.",information_extraction What is the tallest mountain in Colorado?,,"Mount Elbert is the tallest mountain in Colorado standing at 14,439 feet",open_qa What are the common symptoms of COVID-19?,"The symptoms of COVID-19 are variable depending on the type of variant contracted, ranging from mild symptoms to a potentially fatal illness. Common symptoms include coughing, fever, loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia), with less common ones including headaches, nasal congestion and runny nose, muscle pain, sore throat, diarrhea, eye irritation, and toes swelling or turning purple, and in moderate to severe cases, breathing difficulties. People with the COVID-19 infection may have different symptoms, and their symptoms may change over time. Three common clusters of symptoms have been identified: one respiratory symptom cluster with cough, sputum, shortness of breath, and fever; a musculoskeletal symptom cluster with muscle and joint pain, headache, and fatigue; and a cluster of digestive symptoms with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. In people without prior ear, nose, or throat disorders, loss of taste combined with loss of smell is associated with COVID-19 and is reported in as many as 88% of symptomatic cases.","Common symptoms of COVID-19 includes coughing, fever, loss of smell and taste. Some people may also experience headaches, nasal congestion, runny nose, muscle pain, sore throat, diarrhea, and eye irritation.",summarization "Based on this paragraph about religions of the world, what are the ""big five"" religions?","World religions is a category used in the study of religion to demarcate the five—and in some cases more—largest and most internationally widespread religious movements. Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are always included in the list, being known as the ""Big Five"". Some scholars also include other world religions, such as Taoism, Jainism, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism, and the Baháʼí Faith, in the category. These are often juxtaposed against other categories, such as indigenous religions and new religious movements, which are also used by scholars in this field of research.","The ""Big Five"" refers to the five most prominent religious movements globally: Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.",closed_qa What is the capital of Alabama?,,Montgomery is the capital,open_qa "Using given passage as a reference, Jot down some points on Laredo Formation","The Laredo Formation is a geologic formation and Lagerstätte in Texas, United States and Nuevo León and Tamaulipas, Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the Lutetian stage of the Eocene period. Among many other fossils, the formation has provided invertebrates, vertebrates, leaves, pollen and spores and fossil wood of the brackish water palm Nypa sp.","1. The Laredo Formation is a geological formation and Lagerstätte in Tamaulipas and Nuevo León, Mexico, as well as Texas, United States. 2. It protects fossils that date back to the Eocene Lutetian stage. 3. The formation has produced a variety of different fossils, including insects, vertebrates, leaves, pollen, spores, and fossilised wood from the brackish water palm Nypa sp.",summarization Where is Lugașu de Jos,"Lugașu de Jos (Hungarian: Alsólugos, Slovak: Lugaše) is a commune in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania with a population of 3,580 people. It is composed of three villages: Lugașu de Jos, Lugașu de Sus (Felsőlugos) and Urvind (Örvénd).","Lugașu de Jos is a commune in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania with a population of 3,580 people. It is composed of three villages: Lugașu de Jos, Lugașu de Sus (Felsolugos) and Urvind (Oervend).",closed_qa Is Davos worth traveling?,"Davos is an Alpine resort town and a municipality in the Praettigau/Davos Region in the canton of Graubuenden, Switzerland. It has a permanent population of 10,832 (2020). Davos is located on the river Landwasser, in the Rhaetian Alps, between the Plessur and Albula Ranges. The municipality covers nearly the entire valley of the Landwasser, and the centre of population, economic activity, and administration is two adjacent villages: Davos Dorf (German: Davos Village) and Davos Platz (Davos Place), at 1,560 m (5,120 ft) above sea level. Gaining prominence in the 19th century as a mountain health resort, Davos is perhaps best known today for hosting the World Economic Forum—often referred to simply as ""Davos""—an annual meeting of global political and corporate leaders. With a long history of winter sport, Davos also has one of Switzerland's largest ski resorts, and hosts the international Spengler Cup ice hockey tournament each December. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davos","Davos is a very scenic town in the Swiss Alps. Famous for winter sports like skiing, cross-country skiing, sledding, ice hockey and ice skating and also for the World Economic Forum that take place annually.",closed_qa "Given these paragraphs about the Tesla bot, what is its expected height and weight?","Optimus, also known as Tesla Bot, is a conceptual general-purpose robotic humanoid under development by Tesla, Inc. It was announced at the company's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Day event on August 19, 2021. CEO Elon Musk claimed during the event that Tesla would likely build a prototype by 2022. Musk is on record having said that he thinks Optimus ""has the potential to be more significant than the vehicle business over time."" Tesla Bot is planned to measure 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) tall and weigh 125 lb (57 kg). According to the presentation made during the first AI Day event, a Tesla Bot will be ""controlled by the same AI system Tesla is developing for the advanced driver-assistance system used in its cars"" and have a carrying capacity of 45 lb (20 kg). Proposed tasks for the product are ones that are ""dangerous, repetitive and boring"", such as providing manufacturing assistance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimus_(robot)",Tesla Bot is planned to measure 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) tall and weigh 125 lb (57 kg).,closed_qa What is powerlifting?,,"Powerlifting is a strength sport which consists of having three attempts at lifting a maximal weight on three separate lifts using a barbell with weight plates. The three lifts are typically the squat, deadlift and bench press.",open_qa What is a fixed-rate mortgage (FRM)?,,"A fixed-rate mortgage (FRM) is a mortgage loan where the interest rate on the note remains the same through the term of the loan, as opposed to loans where the interest rate may adjust or ""float"". As a result, payment amounts and the duration of the loan are fixed and the person who is responsible for paying back the loan benefits from a consistent, single payment and the ability to plan a budget based on this fixed cost.",open_qa Give me a history of Valve,"Founding and Half-Life (1996–2003) Gabe Newell (foreground) and Doug Lombardi (background), 2007 Valve was founded as Valve, LLC, in 1996 by former Microsoft employees Gabe Newell and Mike Harrington. Newell had spent the prior 13 years at Microsoft developing Windows, including the Windows 95 port of Doom. Wanting to move onto a new venture using their shared wealth, Newell and Harrington founded Valve, L.L.C. in Kirkland, Washington (about five miles from the Microsoft campus in Redmond), on August 24, 1996, Newell's wedding day. Alternative names considered by Newell and Harrington include Fruitfly Ensemble and Rhino Scar. Valve's first game was Half-Life, a first-person shooter (FPS) with elements of horror. The development was aided by access to the Quake engine by id Software; Valve modified this engine into their GoldSrc engine. After struggling to find a publisher, Valve eventually signed with Sierra On-Line. Half-Life was released in November 1998 and was a critical and commercial success. With its realism, scripted sequences and seamless narrative, it had a lasting influence; according to IGN in 2014, the history of the FPS genre ""breaks down pretty cleanly into pre-Half-Life and post-Half-Life eras"".","Founding and Half-Life (1996–2003): Valve was founded as Valve, LLC, in 1996 by former Microsoft employees Gabe Newell and Mike Harrington in Kirkland, Washington. Valve's first game is Half-Life, a first-person shooter (FPS) released in November 1998. It was developed using the modified Quake engine GoldSrc. After struggling to find a publisher, Valve eventually signed with Sierra On-Line.",summarization Given this text give me short summary about Beavers,"Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two existing species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras, weighing up to 30 kilograms (66 lb). Beavers have stout bodies with large heads, long chisel-like incisors, brown or gray fur, hand-like front feet, webbed back feet, and tails that are flat and scaly. The two species differ in skull and tail shape and fur color. Beavers can be found in a number of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. They are herbivorous, consuming tree bark, aquatic plants, grasses and sedges.","Here is a short summary about Beavers: There are two existing species - North American and Eurasian. They are the second-largest living rodents. Physically species of Beaver can vary in terms of fur colour but they all have webbed back feet, hand-like front feet and flat scaly tails. Long chisel-like incisors are a key feature. Beavers can be found in freshwater habits. They are herbivores.",summarization Who are the little Japanese girls who find Totoro?,"In 1950s Japan, university professor Tatsuo Kusakabe and his daughters Satsuki and Mei (approximately ten and four years old, respectively) move into an old house close to the hospital where the girls' mother Yasuko is recovering from a long-term illness. The house is inhabited by small, dark, dust-like house spirits called susuwatari, which can be seen when moving from bright places to dark ones.[note 1] When the girls become comfortable in their new house, the susuwatari leave to find another empty house. Mei later discovers two small spirits who lead her into the hollow of a large camphor tree. She befriends a larger spirit, which identifies itself using a series of roars she interprets as ""Totoro"". Mei thinks Totoro is the troll from her illustrated book Three Billy Goats Gruff, with her mispronouncing troll. Mei falls asleep atop Totoro but when Satsuki finds her, she is on the ground. Despite many attempts, Mei cannot show her family Totoro's tree. Tatsuo comforts her by telling her Totoro will reveal himself when he wants to.",Mei and Satsuki are the two Japanese girls who discover Totoro in the famous Japanese anime My Neighbour Totoro.,closed_qa Summarize best way to climb Mount Everest,,"To climb Mount Everest, prepare physically and mentally, gain high-altitude experience, climb during pre/post-monsoon seasons, choose a suitable route, and hire a reputable expedition company for support and logistics.",brainstorming is IT a great career,,yes,open_qa "Which of the following countries are in Asia: India, South Korea, Japan, United States of America, Morocco, New Zealand, Indonesia, Singapore, Mexico?",,"The Asian countries are - India, South Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Singapore.",classification Is there a secure desktop operating system I can use today?,"Qubes OS is a desktop operating system based around the Xen hypervisor that allows grouping programs into a number of isolated sandboxes (virtual machines) to provide security. Windows for programs running within these sandboxes (""security domains"") can be color coded for easy recognition. The security domains are configurable, they can be transient (changes to the file system will not be preserved), and their network connection can be routed through special virtual machines (for example one that only provides Tor networking). The operating system provides secure mechanisms for copy and paste and for copying files between the security domains.",Use Qubes OS! It is fairly complete and provide good isolation for most of your applications.,summarization What is at the center of our solar system?,,The sun,open_qa "Given these paragraphs about Asperger syndrome, what are typical interventions that help improve the person's ability to function in the everyday world?","Asperger syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger's, is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour and interests. The syndrome is no longer recognised as a diagnosis in itself, having been merged with other conditions into autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It was considered to differ from other diagnoses that were merged into ASD by relatively unimpaired spoken language and intelligence. The syndrome was named after the Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger, who, in 1944, described children in his care who struggled to form friendships, did not understand others' gestures or feelings, engaged in one-sided conversations about their favourite interests, and were clumsy. In 1994, the diagnosis of Asperger's was included in the fourth edition (DSM-IV) of the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; however, with the publication of DSM-5 in 2013 the syndrome was removed, and the symptoms are now included within autism spectrum disorder along with classic autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). It was similarly merged into autism spectrum disorder in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) as of 2021. The exact cause of Asperger's is poorly understood. While it has high heritability, the underlying genetics have not been determined conclusively. Environmental factors are also believed to play a role. Brain imaging has not identified a common underlying condition. There is no single treatment, and the UK's National Health Service (NHS) guidelines suggest that 'treatment' of any form of autism should not be a goal, since autism is not 'a disease that can be removed or cured'. According to the Royal College of Psychiatrists, while co-occurring conditions might require treatment, 'management of autism itself is chiefly about the provision of the education, training and social support/care required to improve the person's ability to function in the everyday world'. The effectiveness of particular interventions for autism is supported by only limited data. Interventions may include social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy, parent training, and medications for associated problems, such as mood or anxiety. Autistic characteristics tend to become less obvious in adulthood, but social and communication difficulties usually persist. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asperger_syndrome","Interventions may include social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy, parent training, and medications for associated problems, such as mood or anxiety.",closed_qa What are the main football teams in the city of Madrid?,,"There are two world-class football/soccer teams in the city of Madrid, Spain: Real Madrid and Atletico de Madrid.",open_qa What was the profession of Araber Rahaman?,Araber Rahaman (died 28 April 2013) was an Indian politician. He was the Tripura MLA for Boxanagar from 1978–1988.,He was a politician.,closed_qa How are racial categories used historically?,"Racial categories have historically been used as a way to enable an oppressive figure or group to discriminate against other groups or individuals which were seen as different from that of the oppressor. In nineteenth and early twentieth century Europe, artwork was a common form of racialization which targeted countries in the Middle East and Asia. The artwork, predominantly paintings, were portrayed in order to instill prejudice in the Western populations through sexualizing and manipulating images. One of the most prominent examples of Orientalist work in art is a piece by Eugène Delacroix titled Women of Algiers in their Apartment. Dating back to 1834, it portrays three women resting in a harem in exotic clothing while an African woman is dressed in plain clothing, depicting her role as a servant. Fine textiles, hookahs, and other paraphernalia adorn the room, which represents a European fantasy of an exotic scene. Attempts to portray these cultures as strange, foreign and exotic through Orientalism led to intolerance towards the Arab and Asian communities in Europe and the United States. Others argue that Delacroix, who travelled in North Africa sketching extensively, was depicting a realistic scene of the era based on his first-hand knowledge and experience. In such an interpretation the clothing, for example, is consistent with the times, as Arab North Africans dressed differently from Europeans, and kept black slaves who would not have been treated as equals.","Historically, oppressive groups use racial categories to discriminate against other groups that are different from them.",closed_qa Who is widely considered the GOAT of basketball?,,Michael Jordan,open_qa "Given this paragraph about a hotel, how many stories is the Ansonia?","The Ansonia (formerly the Ansonia Hotel) is a condominium building at 2109 Broadway, between 73rd and 74th Streets, on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. The 17-story structure was designed by French architect Paul Emile Duboy in the Beaux-Arts style. It was built between 1899 and 1903 as a residential hotel by William Earle Dodge Stokes, who named it after his grandfather, the industrialist Anson Greene Phelps. Over the years, the Ansonia has housed many conductors, opera singers, baseball players, and other famous and wealthy people. The Ansonia is a New York City designated landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.",17 stories,closed_qa "Jot some points about ""Big Four"" using given passage as a reference","The Big Four are the four largest professional services networks in the world, the global accounting networks Deloitte, Ernst & Young (EY), KPMG, and PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). The four are often grouped because they are comparable in size relative to the rest of the market, both in terms of revenue and workforce; they are considered equal in their ability to provide a wide scope of professional services to their clients; and, among those looking to start a career in professional services, particularly accounting, they are considered equally attractive networks to work in, because of the frequency with which these firms engage with Fortune 500 companies.","1. Deloitte, Ernst & Young (EY), KPMG, and PricewaterhouseCoopers are the four largest professional services networks in the world together known as ""The Big Four."" (PwC). 2. The four are frequently grouped together because they have similar sizes to the rest of the market in terms of personnel and income, and they are viewed equally in terms of their capacity to offer a broad range of professional services to their clients. 3. Due to the regularity with which these organisations interact with Fortune 500 corporations, they are equally appealing networks to work in among people seeking to launch a career in professional services, particularly accounting.",summarization "Given this paragraph about material, what is lithophane?","A lithophane is a thin plaque of translucent material, normally porcelain, which has been moulded to varying thickness, such that when lit from behind the different thicknesses show as different shades, forming an image. Only when lit from behind does the image display properly. They were invented in the 19th century and became very popular, typically for lampshades, nightlights, or to be hung on windows. They could also be given stands, to be placed in front of a light source. The longest side of a lithophane is typically between 6 and 10 inches.","A lithophane is a thin plaque of translucent material, normally porcelain, which has been moulded to varying thickness, such that when lit from behind the different thicknesses show as different shades, forming an image.",closed_qa Which duke visited Swarcliffe Hall in 1888?,"Swarcliffe Hall is a large hall that was constructed in 1800 in Birstwith, near Harrogate, England. The current house was built by John Greenwood in 1850, who engaged Major Rohde Hawkins as his architect, and is a Grade II listed building. The original Swarcliffe Hall was built on the site c1800 by the Blessard family, however the current hall which was built by the Greenwood family was completed in 1850. Charlotte Brontë was employed as a governess at the hall in 1839 and it is said her time spent there helped inspire her novel Jane Eyre. Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale visited the hall in 1888 and again during the following year whilst opening the New Bath Hospital in nearby Harrogate.",Prince Albert Victor,closed_qa What is interesting about the play Polish Bethlehem?,"Lucjan Rydel, also known as Lucjan Antoni Feliks Rydel (17 May 1870 in Kraków – 8 April 1918 in Bronowice Małe), was a Polish playwright and poet from the Young Poland movement. Life Rydel was the son of Lucjan Rydel, a surgeon, ophthalmologist, professor and Rector of Jagiellonian University in Kraków, and of Helena Kremer. In 1904, Rydel wrote a nativity play, Polish Bethlehem (Betlejem polskie), and staged its production in two suburbs of Kraków, Tonie and Bronowice, with local villagers as actors. It was an expression of his profound respect for rural Poland as well as the result of his flair for theatrical experimentation. Rydel left the third and the final act of his play open. In the course of history, new characters, including contemporary Polish politicians and celebrities, were added to it by various producers to make the play appeal to new audiences.","The play Polish Bethlehem, written in 1904, has the third act open to future additions, enabling future producers to add new characters to the play to update it for contemporary times.",summarization What is the Carolina Hall,"Carolina Hall, formerly known as Saunders Hall, is a building on the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill campus in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, in the United States. Carolina Hall was built in 1922 and named for William L. Saunders, an alumnus and a colonel in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The name was changed to ""Carolina Hall"" in 2015.","The Carolina Hall, formerly known as Saunders Hall, is a building on the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill campus in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, in the United States. Carolina Hall was built in 1922 and named for William L. Saunders, an alumnus and a colonel in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The name was changed to ""Carolina Hall"" in 2015.",summarization "In the 2005 Lexus Cup, how many members did each team have?","The 2005 Lexus Cup was the inaugural edition of the annual golf match competed by women representing Asia and an international squad. Each team was made up of twelve members. The competition took place at the Tanah Merah Country Club in Singapore from 9–11 December 2005. Lexus was he title sponsor while Rolex, DBS, Singapore Airlines, and Singapore Sports Council are main sponsors. The total purse was US$960,000, with $50,000 going to each member of the winning team and $30,000 to members of the other team.",Each team was made up of twelve members.,information_extraction Why is Pickleball sport so popular,,"Pickleball is so popular because anyone can get started fairly easily, as the equipment is not expensive, and there are lot of freely available public courts to play. It is also an easy sport to quickly pick up and able to play at a decent level recreationally and competitively.",open_qa What is Indian Premier League?,"The Indian Premier League (IPL) (also known as the TATA IPL for sponsorship reasons) is a men's Twenty20 (T20) cricket league held annually in India and contested by ten city-based franchise teams. The league was founded by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. Brijesh Patel is the incumbent chairman of the IPL. The competition is usually held annually in summer (between March and May) and has an exclusive window in the ICC Future Tours Programme, meaning that less international cricket take place during the IPL seasons.",The Indian Premier League is a men's T20 cricket league held annually in India and it was founded by Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007.,information_extraction Where has the word ciao originated,"Ciao (/tʃaʊ/ CHOW, Italian: [ˈtʃaːo] (listen)) is an informal salutation in the Italian language that is used for both ""hello"" and ""goodbye"". Originally from the Venetian language, it has entered the vocabulary of English and of many other languages around the world. Its dual meaning of ""hello"" and ""goodbye"" makes it similar to shalom in Hebrew, salaam in Arabic, annyeong in Korean, aloha in Hawaiian, drud (bedrud) in Persian, and chào in Vietnamese (the latter is a false cognate; the two words are not linguistically related despite sounding similar to each other).","Ciao is an informal salutation in the Italian language that is used for both ""hello"" and ""goodbye"". Originally from the Venetian language, it has entered the vocabulary of English and of many other languages around the world. Its dual meaning of ""hello"" and ""goodbye"" makes it similar to shalom in Hebrew, salaam in Arabic, annyeong in Korean, aloha in Hawaiian, drud (bedrud) in Persian, and chao in Vietnamese (the latter is a false cognate; the two words are not linguistically related despite sounding similar to each other).",summarization What is Cadoo?,"Cadoo: a children's version of the game that has some elements of tic-tac-toe. Sold between October 2007 and January 2008, Cadoo units were recalled in January 2008 by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission because ""the surface paint on the die contains excessive levels of lead, violating the federal lead paint standard.""","Cadoo is a children version of the Cranium party game. It has some elements of tic-tac-toe, a decoding glass, and a pile of cards that the player can draw from and performing actions accordingly. The game was sold between October 2007 and January 2008. However, it was recalled by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission ""the surface paint on the die contains excessive levels of lead, violating the federal lead paint standard.""",information_extraction What are a lot of different options for traveling across New York City?,,"You could bike, ride a motorcycle, drive a car, take a bus, use the subway or hail a cab",brainstorming Who is the company Roche,,"F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, commonly known as Roche, is a Swiss multinational healthcare company that operates worldwide under two divisions: Pharmaceuticals and Diagnostics. Its holding company, Roche Holding AG, has shares listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange. The company headquarters are located in Basel. Roche is the fifth largest pharmaceutical company in the world by revenue, and the leading provider of cancer treatments globally.",open_qa How big is the Atlas Moth?,"The Atlas moth is one of the largest lepidopterans, with a wingspan measuring up to 24 cm (9.4 in) and a wing surface area of about 160 cm2 (≈25 in2). It is only surpassed in wingspan by the white witch (Thysania agrippina) and Attacus caesar, and in wing surface area by the Hercules moth (Coscinocera hercules). As in most silk moths, females are noticeably larger and heavier than males, while males have broader antennae.",The Atlas Moth has a wingspan measuring up to 24 cm.,information_extraction Do you know anything about the writer Joshua Braff,"Joshua Braff (born October 11, 1967) is an American writer. Braff's first novel, The Unthinkable Thoughts of Jacob Green, described as a Jewish coming of age tale, was published in 2004 by Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill. The Unthinkable Thoughts of Jacob Green was an ALA Notable Book, named to Booklist's Top 10 1st Novels List, and chosen for the Barnes & Noble Discover Great New Writers program. His second novel Peep Show was published by Algonquin in 2010. In a four-star review of Peep Show, People said, “Braff skillfully illuminates the failures and charms of a broken family. That teen longing for adults to act their age haunts long after the final page.”","Joshua Braff (born October 11, 1967) is an American writer. Braff's first novel, The Unthinkable Thoughts of Jacob Green, described as a Jewish coming of age tale, was published in 2004 by Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill. The Unthinkable Thoughts of Jacob Green was an ALA Notable Book, named to Booklist's Top 10 1st Novels List, and chosen for the Barnes & Noble Discover Great New Writers program. His second novel Peep Show was published by Algonquin in 2010. In a four-star review of Peep Show, People said, “Braff skillfully illuminates the failures and charms of a broken family. That teen longing for adults to act their age haunts long after the final page.”",closed_qa Who is István Szalay?,"István Szalay (22 March 1944 – 1 September 2022) was a Hungarian mathematician and politician. A member of the Hungarian Socialist Party, he served in the National Assembly from 1998 to 2002. Prior to that, he was mayor of Szeged from 1994 to 1998. Szalay died on 1 September 2022, at the age of 78.",István Szalay was a Hungarian mathematician and politician.,closed_qa Please give me a brief summary of this paragraph about Tom Brady's NFL accomplishments.,"The winningest quarterback in NFL history, Brady won 251 regular season games and 35 postseason games for a combined 286 wins. Brady holds a .754 winning percentage, which is the highest among NFL quarterbacks who have started 100 games. He is the only NFL quarterback to win 200 regular season games and his 35 postseason victories are more than twice those of any other quarterback. Brady is also the only NFL quarterback to win all 16 regular season games, which he accomplished in 2007. In 2021, Brady became one of four quarterbacks to defeat all 32 NFL teams. Brady has the most Pro Bowl selections in NFL history at 15 and was named league MVP three times in 2007, 2010, and 2017. His 2010 MVP was awarded in an unanimous decision; the first time this distinction was achieved. Brady was also named Male Athlete of the Year in 2007, making him third NFL player to receive the award, joining Joe Montana. Brady, Montana, and Patrick Mahomes are the only players to win multiple NFL MVP and Super Bowl MVP awards.","Brady is the winningest quarterback in NFL history. He holds numerous records in the regular season and postseason. He also holds distinctions as the only quarterback to accomplish certain feats, such as winning all 16 regular season games in 2007.",summarization what's the tallest mountain in the world,"Mount Everest is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The China–Nepal border runs across its summit point. Its elevation of 8,848.86 m was most recently established in 2020 by the Chinese and Nepali authorities",Mount Everest,closed_qa How many member states does the European Union have?,"The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of 4,233,255.3 km2 (1,634,469.0 sq mi) and an estimated total population of nearly 447 million. The EU has often been described as a sui generis political entity (without precedent or comparison) combining the characteristics of both a federation and a confederation.",27,closed_qa Which English football club has won the most FA Cup trophies?,"They hold the highest number of FA Cup trophies, with 14. The club is one of only six clubs to have won the FA Cup twice in succession, in 2002 and 2003, and 2014 and 2015. Arsenal have achieved three League and FA Cup ""Doubles"" (in 1971, 1998 and 2002), a feat only previously achieved by Manchester United (in 1994, 1996 and 1999). They were the first side in English football to complete the FA Cup and League Cup double, in 1993. Arsenal were also the first London club to reach the final of the UEFA Champions League, in 2006, losing the final 2–1 to Barcelona.",Arsenal - 14,closed_qa What is Apache Kafka?,,Apache Kafka is a distributed event store and stream-processing platform. It is an open-source system developed by the Apache Software Foundation written in Java and Scala.,open_qa What is a Maiestas trifasciatus,"Maiestas trifasciatus (formerly Recilia trifasciatus) is a species of bug from the Cicadellidae family that can be found on Canary Islands and countries including Iran and Burkina Faso. It was formerly placed within Recilia, but a 2009 revision moved it to Maiestas.","Maiestas trifasciatus (formerly Recilia trifasciatus) is a species of bug from the Cicadellidae family that can be found on Canary Islands and countries including Iran and Burkina Faso. It was formerly placed within Recilia, but a 2009 revision moved it to Maiestas.",summarization Who is Scarlett Johansson,"Scarlett Ingrid Johansson (/dʒoʊˈhænsən/; born November 22, 1984) is an American actress. The world's highest-paid actress in 2018 and 2019, she has featured multiple times on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list. Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2021. Her films have grossed over $14.3 billion worldwide, making Johansson the highest-grossing box office star of all time. She has received various accolades, including a Tony Award and a British Academy Film Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards.","Scarlett Ingrid Johansson, born November 22, 1984, is an American actress. The world's highest-paid actress in 2018 and 2019, she has featured multiple times on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list. Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2021. Her films have grossed over $14.3 billion worldwide, making Johansson the highest-grossing box office star of all time. She has received various accolades, including a Tony Award and a British Academy Film Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards.",summarization What is the best part of staying in a vacation rental on the lake?,,"Our vacation rental is on Lake James in Indiana. This lake is pristine, and the water is warm during the summer. You can go boating, tubing, skiing, or check out the local sandbar, where people come together to hang out. The nearby town has go-carting, local restaurants, and a lovely donut shop that opens first thing on Saturday mornings and may even sell out. If you like the appeal of a laid-back and low-key vacation, Lake James is your destination.",creative_writing What is Ford,,"Ford is an American auto manufacturer that is based in Detroit, Michigan. Ford is one of the most popular car brands in the United States and has been since it's inception. It's most popular vehicle is the F150 truck",open_qa Who is Cindy Robinson?,"Cindy Robinson is an American voice actress who voices in animations and video games. Some of her major roles are Makoto Nanaya and Gii from the Blazblue series, Betty Boop in commercials, Queen Beryl in Sailor Moon, Chitose Nanbu in Ah My Buddha, Kukaku Shiba, Miyako Shiba, Jinta Hanakari (kid) and Kiyone Kotetsu in Bleach, Zola in the Blue Dragon series, Madeline Hatter in ""Ever After High"" Minerva and Hinoka in Fire Emblem. She also makes an uncredited appearance as the voice of the Purge Emergency Broadcast System in The Purge franchise. Robinson is best known for her role as Amy Rose in the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise since 2010.",Cindy Robinson is an American voice actress best known for her role as Amy Rose in the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise since 2010.,summarization Who is Franz Kafka?,"Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German-speaking Bohemian novelist and short-story writer based in Prague, who is widely regarded as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature. His work fuses elements of realism and the fantastic. It typically features isolated protagonists facing bizarre or surrealistic predicaments and incomprehensible socio-bureaucratic powers. It has been interpreted as exploring themes of alienation, existential anxiety, guilt, and absurdity. His best known works include the short story ""The Metamorphosis"" and novels The Trial and The Castle. The term Kafkaesque has entered English to describe absurd situations, like those depicted in his writing.","Franz Kafka was a German-speaking author who has had a major impact in literature. Common themes in his writing include realism and the fantastic. HIs most famous works are ""The Metamorphosis"", ""The Trial"", and ""The Castle"". The term ""Kafkaesque"" has been coined based on his writings.",summarization What is Bollywood,,"Bollywood is a movie industry based in Mumbai, India. It primarily makes movies in Hindi language. Since it was based in a city previously known as Bombay, a convenient moniker Bollywood resembling Hollywood is used to describe Hindi language film industry.",open_qa From which countries is the aurora borealis visible?,"An aurora (pl: auroras or aurorae), also commonly known as the polar lights, is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic). Auroras display dynamic patterns of brilliant lights that appear as curtains, rays, spirals, or dynamic flickers covering the entire sky. Auroras are the result of disturbances in the magnetosphere caused by the solar wind. Major disturbances result from enhancements in the speed of the solar wind from coronal holes and coronal mass ejections. These disturbances alter the trajectories of charged particles in the magnetospheric plasma. These particles, mainly electrons and protons, precipitate into the upper atmosphere (thermosphere/exosphere). The resulting ionization and excitation of atmospheric constituents emit light of varying colour and complexity. The form of the aurora, occurring within bands around both polar regions, is also dependent on the amount of acceleration imparted to the precipitating particles. In northern latitudes, the effect is known as the aurora borealis or the northern lights. The former term was coined by Galileo in 1619, from the Roman goddess of the dawn and the Greek name for the north wind. The southern counterpart, the aurora australis or the southern lights, has features almost identical to the aurora borealis and changes simultaneously with changes in the northern auroral zone. The aurora australis is visible from high southern latitudes in Antarctica, Chile, Argentina, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia. The aurora borealis is visible from areas around the Arctic such as Alaska, the Canadian Territories, Iceland, Greenland, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Siberia. On rare occasions the aurora borealis can be seen as far south as the Mediterranean and the southern states of the US.","The aurora borealis is visible from areas around the Arctic such as Alaska, the Canadian Territories, Iceland, Greenland, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Siberia. On rare occasions the aurora borealis can be seen as far south as the Mediterranean and the southern states of the US.",information_extraction "Given this paragraph, what method of scientific study did Edmund Selous champion?","Edmund Selous started as a conventional naturalist, but developed a hatred of the killing of animals for scientific study and was a pioneer of bird-watching as a method of scientific study. He was a strong proponent of non-destructive bird-study as opposed to the collection of skins and eggs.",Edmund Selous was a pioneer of bird-watching as a method of scientific study.,closed_qa "Given a reference text about Tujhse He Raabta, tell me who played the main role in the film.","Tujhse He Raabta is a 2015 Pakistani television film directed by Nivdeita Basu and written by Moomal Shunaid. This television film was produced by Saurabh Pandey and co-produced by Yasir Shah under the banner of White Light Army Pictures. It was first aired on Geo Television on 15 February 2015 at 7:00 p.m. in Pakistan. It features Sara Khan as the lead role in this television film. She rose to fame with her appearance in the Indian soap “Bidaai” while her co-lead, Yasir Shah, is a Pakistani actor, producer, screenwriter and model who started his acting career in India. The special feature of this telefilm is the high-red production camera due to which it has feature film quality.",Sara Khan played the lead role in the film Tujhse He Raabta.,closed_qa "Based on the paragraph about the Korean War, what is the name of the new sovereign state created in the north?","In 1910, Imperial Japan annexed Korea, where it ruled for 35 years until its surrender at the end of World War II on 15 August 1945. The United States and the Soviet Union divided Korea along the 38th parallel into two zones of occupation. The Soviets administered the northern zone and the Americans administered the southern zone. In 1948, as a result of Cold War tensions, the occupation zones became two sovereign states. A socialist state, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, was established in the north under the totalitarian communist leadership of Kim Il-sung, while a capitalist state, the Republic of Korea, was established in the south under the autocratic leadership of Syngman Rhee. Both governments of the two new Korean states claimed to be the sole legitimate government of all of Korea, and neither accepted the border as permanent.",Democratic People's Republic of Korea,closed_qa write a short essay on day spent in central park,,"Central Park is one of the most iconic landmarks in New York City, and a popular destination for locals and tourists alike. Spending a day in Central Park is an unforgettable experience, filled with beauty, excitement, and relaxation. The park offers a wide range of activities and attractions, from boating on the lake and exploring the many walking paths, to visiting the Central Park Zoo and the famous Alice in Wonderland statue. There are also numerous opportunities for outdoor sports and recreation, including baseball fields, basketball courts, and running trails. One of the most popular activities in Central Park is picnicking. Visitors can spread out a blanket on the grass and enjoy a meal with friends or family while taking in the stunning views of the park's natural beauty. There are also plenty of food vendors and cafes throughout the park, offering everything from hot dogs and ice cream to gourmet sandwiches and salads. Central Park is also home to many cultural events and performances throughout the year. From concerts and plays to art exhibits and film screenings, there is always something exciting happening in the park. Visitors can check the park's schedule to find out about upcoming events and plan their visit accordingly. Whether you're looking for a relaxing day in nature or an action-packed adventure, a day spent in Central Park has something for everyone. The park's beauty and charm make it a must-visit destination for anyone visiting New York City, and a favorite spot for locals to escape the hustle and bustle of city life.",creative_writing What is Swift?,,"Swift is a powerful and intuitive programming language for iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, and watchOS.",open_qa When was the first Academy Awards?,,"The first Academy Awards was Thursday, May 16, 1929",open_qa Who was the Greek goddess of love,,Aphrodite,open_qa Pick a few months with 31 days.,,"January, March, May, July, August, October and December have 31 days.",brainstorming "What is ""Six Feet Under""?","Six Feet Under is an American drama television series created and produced by Alan Ball. It premiered on the premium network HBO in the United States on June 3, 2001, and ended on August 21, 2005, spanning 63 episodes across five seasons. It depicts the lives of the Fisher family, who run a funeral home in Los Angeles, along with their friends and lovers.","Six Feet Under is an American drama television series created and produced by Alan Ball. It premiered on the premium network HBO in the United States on June 3, 2001, and ended on August 21, 2005, spanning 63 episodes across five seasons. It depicts the lives of the Fisher family, who run a funeral home in Los Angeles, along with their friends and lovers. The ensemble drama stars Peter Krause, Michael C. Hall, Frances Conroy, Lauren Ambrose, Freddy Rodriguez, Mathew St. Patrick, and Rachel Griffiths as the central characters. It was produced by Actual Size Films and The Greenblatt/Janollari Studio, and was shot on location in Los Angeles and in Hollywood studios. Six Feet Under received widespread critical acclaim, particularly for its writing and acting, and consistently drew high ratings for the HBO network. It is widely regarded as one of the greatest television series of all time. The show's finale has also been described as one of the greatest television series finales. The series won numerous awards, including nine Emmy Awards, three Screen Actors Guild Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and a Peabody Award.",information_extraction What is the field of study that looks at tissues and their structure?,,Histology is the field of study that takes a look at tissues and their structure via microscope.,open_qa What are the features offered by Github Copilot?,"When provided with a programming problem in natural language, Codex is capable of generating solution code. It is also able to describe input code in English and translate code between programming languages. According to its website, GitHub Copilot includes assistive features for programmers, such as the conversion of code comments to runnable code and autocomplete for chunks of code, repetitive sections of code, and entire methods and/or functions. GitHub reports that Copilot’s autocomplete feature is accurate roughly half of the time; with some Python function header code, for example, Copilot correctly autocompleted the rest of the function body code 43% of the time on the first try and 57% of the time after ten attempts. GitHub states that Copilot’s features allow programmers to navigate unfamiliar coding frameworks and languages by reducing the amount of time users spend reading documentation.","GitHub Copilot includes assistive features for programmers, such as the conversion of code comments to runnable code and autocomplete for chunks of code, repetitive sections of code, and entire methods and/or functions.",closed_qa What is the plot of the Waterloo Road,"The ninth series of the British television drama series Waterloo Road began airing on 5 September 2013 on BBC One and ended on 12 March 2014. The series follows the lives of the staff and pupils of the eponymous school, a troubled Scottish comprehensive school. It consists of twenty episodes. This series also marks the departure of Grantly Budgen (Philip Martin Brown), the last of the original cast members. Plot The show follows the lives of the teachers and the pupils at the eponymous school of Waterloo Road, a failing inner-city comprehensive, tackling a wide range of issues often seen as taboo such as drug dealing, sexting, catfishing, stuttering, prescription drug abuse, stroke, identity fraud, stalking, human trafficking, deportation, drink driving and empty nest syndrome.","The ninth series of the British television drama series Waterloo Road began airing on 5 September 2013 on BBC One and ended on 12 March 2014. The series follows the lives of the staff and pupils of the eponymous school, a troubled Scottish comprehensive school. It consists of twenty episodes. This series also marks the departure of Grantly Budgen (Philip Martin Brown), the last of the original cast members. The show follows the lives of the teachers and the pupils at the eponymous school of Waterloo Road, a failing inner-city comprehensive, tackling a wide range of issues often seen as taboo such as drug dealing, sexting, catfishing, stuttering, prescription drug abuse, stroke, identity fraud, stalking, human trafficking, deportation, drink driving and empty nest syndrome.",summarization Which classical composer was deaf?,,Ludwig van Beethoven,open_qa What film is recognized as the first film in the world with an entirely black cast?,"William D. Foster, sometimes referred to as Bill Foster (1884 – 15 April 1940), was a pioneering African-American film producer who was an influential figure in the Black film industry in the early 20th century, along with others such as Oscar Micheaux. He was the first African American to found a film production company, establishing the Foster Photoplay Company in Chicago in 1910. Foster had a vision for the African-American community to portray themselves as they wanted to be seen, not as someone else depicted them. He was influenced by the black theater community and wanted to break the racial stereotyping of blacks in film. He was an actor and writer under the stage name Juli Jones, as well as an agent for numerous vaudeville stars. His film The Railroad Porter, released in 1912, is credited as being the world's first film with an entirely black cast and director. The film is also credited with being the first black newsreel, featuring images of a YMCA parade. Foster's company produced four films that were silent shorts.","The Railroad Porter, produced by Bill Foster in 1912, is recognized as the first film in the world with a fully black cast and director.",information_extraction "From the given text, Provide some info regarding consistory","In the Roman Catholic Church a consistory is a formal meeting of the College of Cardinals called by the pope. There are two kinds of consistories, extraordinary and ordinary. An ""extraordinary"" consistory is held to allow the pope to consult with the entire membership of the College of Cardinals. An ""ordinary"" consistory is ceremonial in nature and attended by cardinals resident in Rome. For example, the pope elevates new cardinals to the College at a consistory; Pope Francis has called consistories for ceremonies of canonization.","1. A consistory is a formal gathering of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church that is summoned by the pope. 2. Consistories come in two varieties: remarkable and ordinary. 3. The pope can consult with the full College of Cardinals by calling a ""extraordinary"" consistory. 4. Cardinals who live in Rome attend ""ordinary"" consistories, which are ceremonial in nature. 5. Pope Francis has convened consistories for canonization ceremonies, for instance, where he elevates new cardinals to the College of Cardinals.",summarization Why does the capital of Uzbekistan contain the biggest Greek community?,"The Greeks in Uzbekistan number approximately 9,000. The community is made up of Greeks from Russia who were deported by force from that country to Uzbekistan in the 1940s, and political refugees from Greece. About 30,000 Greeks lived in the country before World War II and a further 11,000 arrived after the Greek Civil War and the defeat of Democratic Army of Greece. Their numbers have dwindled from a high of some 40,000 in the 1960s. The main reason is emigration to Greece after the end of the Cold War when laws allowed the return of all ethnic Greeks who had been exiled for political reasons after the Greek Civil War. The biggest Greek community in the country is in the capital city of Tashkent where most of the Greek political refugees were relocated by the Soviet authorities. In ancient times the south of the country was part of the Hellenistic Seleucid Kingdom but the few Greek communities there have since assimilated. The most important organization representing ethnic Greeks is the Greek Cultural Association of Tashkent. The activities of this organization include Greek language instruction (19 classes with a total of 571 students, classes for adults) and the teaching of Greek dances and music.",Most of the Greek political refugees in Uzbekistan were relocated by the Soviet authorities to the capital city of Tashkent.,information_extraction "Given a reference text about Conus episcopatus, describe the shell.","Conus episcopatus common name the dignified cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of ""stinging"" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all. Description The size of the shell varies between 40 mm and 115 mm. The shell of Conus Episcopatus is elongated and has a high spire, which means that it has a tall apex. The shell is relatively thick and heavy, with a glossy surface and a series of raised ridges or ribs that run along its length. The overall shape of the shell is conical, with a pointed apex and a wider base. The coloration of the shell can vary widely, but it basically has a base color of white or cream, with a series of darker or lighter bands, blotches, or spots that form complex patterns. The patterns can be quite intricate and unique, which is one reason why cone snails are prized by collectors. Like all cone snails, Conus Episcopatus is venomous and uses its venom to immobilize and kill its prey. Venom is delivered through a harpoon-like structure called a radula tooth located on the proboscis of the snail. The venom of some species of cone snail can be highly toxic and dangerous to humans, and care must be taken when handling them.",The shell size ranges from 40mm to 115mm and has a base color of white or cream with series of darker or lighter blotches that form complex patterns.,closed_qa What is the ICC ?,"The International Cricket Council (ICC) is the global governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by representatives from Australia, England and South Africa. It was renamed as the International Cricket Conference in 1965, and took up its current name in 1987. The ICC has its headquarters in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The ICC has 108 member nations currently: 12 Full Members that play Test matches, and 96 Associate Members. The ICC is responsible for the organisation and governance of cricket's major international tournaments, most notably the Cricket World Cup and the T20 World Cup. It also appoints the umpires and referees that officiate at all sanctioned Test matches, One Day Internationals and Twenty20 Internationals. It promulgates the ICC Code of Conduct, which sets professional standards of discipline for international cricket, and also co-ordinates action against corruption and match-fixing through its Anti-Corruption and Security Unit (ACSU).",ICC stands for International Cricket Council and is governing body of Cricket. The ICC is responsible for the governance of all Cricketing tournaments.,information_extraction "Given this paragraph about magnesium, what is the element symbol of magnesium?","Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray metal having a low density, low melting point and high chemical reactivity. Like the other alkaline earth metals (group 2 of the periodic table) it occurs naturally only in combination with other elements and it almost always has an oxidation state of +2. It reacts readily with air to form a thin passivation coating of magnesium oxide that inhibits further corrosion of the metal. The free metal burns with a brilliant-white light. The metal is obtained mainly by electrolysis of magnesium salts obtained from brine. It is less dense than aluminium and is used primarily as a component in strong and lightweight alloys that contain aluminium.",Mg is the element symbol of magnesium.,closed_qa "Given a reference text about Nicholas Theodore, tell me where he went to medical school and what he is known for.","Nicholas Theodore is an American neurosurgeon and researcher at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He is known for his work in spinal trauma, minimally invasive surgery, robotics, and personalized medicine. He is Director of the Neurosurgical Spine Program at Johns Hopkins and Co-Director of the Carnegie Center for Surgical Innovation at Johns Hopkins. Dr. Theodore graduated from Cornell University, where he was the recipient of a Cornell Tradition Academic Fellowship. He attended medical school at Georgetown University, where he graduated with honors. After completing his internship at Bethesda Naval Hospital, Dr. Theodore served as a Senior General Medical Officer with the United States Marine Corps in Okinawa, Japan. Dr. Theodore completed his neurosurgical residency and a fellowship in spinal surgery at the Barrow Neurological Institute. After completing his residency in 2001, he served as Chief of the Division of Neurosurgery at Naval Medical Center San Diego, overseeing the largest neurosurgery complement in the Navy. In 2003, Dr. Theodore joined the faculty at the Barrow Neurological Institute, and assumed the position of Director of Neurotrauma. In 2004 he was appointed Associate Director of the Neurosurgery Residency Program at Barrow. The Neurosurgery Residency Program at Barrow is the largest in the United States, training four residents per academic year, for a total of 28 residents. In 2009 he became the Chief of the Spine Section at the Barrow Neurological Institute and was appointed the Volker K.H. Sonntag Chair in 2015. In 2016 he became the second Donlin M. Long Professor of Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Dr. Theodore also holds professorships in Orthopedics and Biomedical Engineering at Johns Hopkins. He is also actively involved in the area of preventative medicine within neurosurgery. He has been associated with the ThinkFirst Foundation for several years, having served as the foundation’s Medical Director and President. In 2017, Dr. Theodore was appointed to the National Football League’s Head, Neck and Spine Committee, of which he became Chairman in 2018. In 2020, Michael J. Fox revealed in his memoir that Dr. Theodore performed a risky but successful surgery on him to remove an ependymoma in Fox’s spinal cord.","Nicholas Theodore went to medical school at Georgetown University and is known for his work in spinal trauma, robotics, minimally invasive surgery, and personalized medicine.",closed_qa Where is Allauch,"Allauch (French pronunciation: ​; Occitan: Alaug) is a French commune situated east of Marseille in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as Allaudiens or Allaudiennes in French.","Allauch is a French commune situated east of Marseille in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as Allaudiens or Allaudiennes in French.",summarization What are 4 good reasons to get solar panels and a powerwall for my house?,,"The following are 4 good reasons to get solar panels and a powerwall on your house: 1. Solar panels produce electricity to significantly lower utility costs 2. In certain locations, you can sell power back to your utility provider and make additional money off of your solar panels 3. Using solar panels is beneficial for the environment due to reduced reliance on electricity generated from mechanisms that produce CO2 emissions 4. During a power outage, you can use power stored in your powerwall to keep your own electricity running",brainstorming Who were the Beatles?,"The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time and were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and popular music's recognition as an art form. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock 'n' roll, their sound incorporated elements of classical music and traditional pop in innovative ways; the band also explored music styles ranging from folk and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock. As pioneers in recording, songwriting and artistic presentation, the Beatles revolutionised many aspects of the music industry and were often publicised as leaders of the era's youth and sociocultural movements.",The Beatles were a rock band comprised of 4 musicians. They were pioneers who had a huge influence on the music industry and wider sociocultural movements.,summarization Why is the University of Waterloo the best school for software engineering?,,"The University of Waterloo boasts an impressive history of successful alumni in the software industry. One major reason for this success is its cooperative education program. It implements a system in which six four month internships are spread across a four year degree, combining experiential learning with theoretical education. Because of this, Waterloo's students, who are selected from the brightest in Canada, gain extensive exposure to the software engineering industry prior to graduation.",open_qa Who founded Ford,"Ford Motor Company (commonly known as Ford) is an American multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand, and luxury cars under its Lincoln luxury brand. Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer Troller, an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom and a 32% stake in China's Jiangling Motors. It also has joint ventures in China (Changan Ford), Taiwan (Ford Lio Ho), Thailand (AutoAlliance Thailand), and Turkey (Ford Otosan). The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family; they have minority ownership but the majority of the voting power.","Henry Ford founded Ford Motor Company (aka Ford) in on June 16, 1903 in Dearborn Michigan.",closed_qa What is the Premier League?,"The Premier League (legal name: The Football Association Premier League Limited) is the highest level of the English football league system. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League (EFL). Seasons typically run from August to May with each team playing 38 matches (playing all other teams both home and away). Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons, with occasional weekday evening fixtures.","The Premier League is the top tier in English Football. The league has 20 teams where the bottom 3 teams are relegated to the 2nd tier and the top 3 teams from the 2nd tier are promoted. Each team plays the other 19 teams twice. Once home and once away, for a total of 38 games. Most games are played on the weekends from August to May.",summarization Why should I read books?,,"Books can be our best friends. We can carry them anywhere with us and get immersed in them. Books are also a great source of knowledge and developing perspective. One can learn about new technologies, historical events, places to visit and more. Finally books also help us focus our mind on something specific for a long duration instead of jumping around to various things when browsing the internet.",open_qa What teams were a part of the 2021 Valletta Cup?,"The 2021 Valletta Cup was a Twenty20 International (T20I) cricket tournament held in Malta between 21 and 24 October 2021. It was the second edition of the Valletta Cup. The matches were played at the Marsa Sports Club in Marsa. The participating teams were the hosts Malta along with Bulgaria, Gibraltar and Switzerland. This was the first international tournament for Switzerland since the introduction of global T20I status in January 2019, and their re-admittance to the International Cricket Council (ICC) in July 2021. Cricket Switzerland (previously known as the Swiss Cricket Association), had been suspended by the ICC in 2012 due to non-compliance following the formation of a second organization also claiming to oversee cricket in the country. They were one of three nations to gain Associate membership after the ICC's annual general meeting in July 2021. Switzerland finished on top of the round-robin stage with three wins. Malta defeated Switzerland in the final, after Bulgaria defeated Gibraltar in the third-place playoff. After the tournament, Malta and Gibraltar played a rain-affected two-match bilateral T20I series that was shared after one game was lost to the weather and the other finished as a DLS method tie.","Malta, Bulgaria, Gibraltar & Switzerland were of the participating teams in the 2021 Valletta Cup.",summarization What sound was 'This Mortal Coil' known for?,"This Mortal Coil were a British music collective led by Ivo Watts-Russell, founder of the British record label 4AD. Although Watts-Russell and John Fryer were the only two official members, the band's recorded output featured a large rotating cast of supporting artists, many of whom were otherwise associated with 4AD, including members of Cocteau Twins, Pixies and Dead Can Dance. The project became known for its gothic, dream pop sound, and released three full albums, beginning in 1984 with It'll End in Tears.","This Mortal Coil known for its gothic, dream pop sound.",closed_qa What is the most popular breed of dog to have as a pet in the United States?,,Labrador Retriever,open_qa What are the words of House Stark?,,"""Winter is Coming""",open_qa What is the state capitol of Nevada?,,The state capitol of Nevada is Carson City which was founded in 1858 and is named after Kit Carson.,open_qa "Where is the ""Prairie Chicken Capital of the World""?","Cassoday is a city in Butler County, Kansas, United States. It is known as the ""Prairie Chicken Capital of the World"". As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 113.","Cassoday, KS in Butler County, Kansas is known as the ""Prairie Chicken Capital of the World"". Its population in the 2020 census was 113 people.",summarization "Given these paragraphs about battery storage power stations, for how long a battery storage power station can output?","A battery storage power station is a type of energy storage power station that uses a group of batteries to store electrical energy. Battery storage is the fastest responding dispatchable source of power on electric grids, and it is used to stabilise those grids, as battery storage can transition from standby to full power in under a second to deal with grid contingencies. At full rated power, battery storage power stations are generally designed to output for up to a few hours. Battery storage can be used for short-term peak power and ancillary services, such as providing operating reserve and frequency control to minimize the chance of power outages. They are often installed at, or close to, other active or disused power stations and may share the same grid connection to reduce costs. Since battery storage plants require no deliveries of fuel, are compact compared to generating stations and have no chimneys or large cooling systems, they can be rapidly installed and placed if necessary within urban areas, close to customer load.","At full rated power, battery storage power stations are generally designed to output for up to a few hours.",closed_qa Summarize what the network Bravo is about,"Bravo is an American basic cable television network, launched on December 8, 1980. It is owned by the NBCUniversal Television and Streaming division of Comcast's NBCUniversal. The channel originally focused on programming related to fine arts and film. It currently mainly focuses on lifestyle reality television series targeted at 25-to-54-year-old women as well as the LGBTQIA+ community. As of January 2016, approximately 89,824,000 American households (77% of households with TV) receive Bravo.",Bravo is a television network that show reality TV shows which are targeted at 25-54 year old women as well as the LGBTQIA+ community. Approximately 77% of households with a TV have access to Bravo.,summarization Who is Carl Rimmer,"Carl Rimmer (born 29 April 1986 in Banbury, England) is a Rugby Union player for Exeter Chiefs in the Aviva Premiership. Rimmer is equally capable of playing at both loosehead and tighthead prop and made his debut for Exeter against London Welsh on 16 September 2012, subsequently starting at both loosehead and tighthead. Rimmer joined Exeter from fellow westcountry side Cornish Pirates and is qualified to play for both England or Wales. He was a replacement as Exeter Chiefs defeated Wasps to be crowned champions of the 2016-17 English Premiership.","Carl Rimmer (born 29 April 1986 in Banbury, England) is a Rugby Union player for Exeter Chiefs in the Aviva Premiership.",summarization Is Divine Child High School a private or public school?,"Divine Child High School, commonly known as Divine Child (DC), is a private, Roman Catholic, college-preparatory, parish high school in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. Divine Child is a highly ranked private high school in Michigan, scoring in the top 15 percent of private schools in the State. Notably, it is the seventh-largest private high school in Michigan and the largest co-educational Catholic high school in the State.",private school,closed_qa Why is Santa Fe New Mexico such a great place to live?,,"Santa Fe New Mexico has many wonderful qualities. The cost of living is low relative to high-density urban areas. The area is surrounded by mountains yet the city itself is easy to get to. Santa Fe has a world-class opera house and a strong local culture of artisans and creative types. The weather is dry, with occasional thunderstorms in the summer and snow in the winter. The sunsets can be so beautiful that words fail to describe them. Finally, and perhaps most important, the city has a strong history dating back to Pre-Columbian times, and hosts many cultures in relative harmony in a beautiful high-desert western settings.",creative_writing "List down some key points about the song ""El Rey"" from the given text","""El Rey"" (""The King"") is a 1971 song by Mexican singer José Alfredo Jiménez. It is one of his best known songs and a Latin Grammy Hall of Fame recipient. The song is about ""a macho guy convinced his rough-and-tumble life doesn't preclude him from remaining the king among his peers"". A chart published by Record World credited ""El Rey"" as reaching number one in Mexico in 1974, a year after Jiménez's death.","1. José Alfredo Jiménez, a singer from Mexico, released the song ""El Rey"" (""The King"") in 1971. 2. It is one of his most well-known songs and was inducted into the Latin Grammy Hall of Fame. 3. The song is about ""a macho guy convinced that his tough life doesn't stop him from remaining the king among his peers."" 4. In 1974, a year after Jiménez's passing, ""El Rey"" was credited with topping a Record World list in Mexico.",summarization "Given the lineage of this historical military aircraft, when was the Avro Arrow first flown and what were the operating characteristics of that flight?","The Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow was a delta-winged interceptor aircraft designed and built by Avro Canada. The CF-105 held the promise of Mach 2 speeds at altitudes exceeding 50,000 feet (15,000 m) and was intended to serve as the Royal Canadian Air Force's (RCAF) primary interceptor into the 1960s and beyond. The Arrow was the culmination of a series of design studies begun in 1953 that examined improved versions of the Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck. After considerable study, the RCAF selected a dramatically more powerful design, and serious development began in March 1955. The aircraft was intended to be built directly from the production line, skipping the traditional hand-built prototype phase. The first Arrow Mk. 1, RL-201, was rolled out to the public on 4 October 1957, the same day as the launch of Sputnik I. Flight testing began with RL-201 on 25 March 1958, and the design quickly demonstrated excellent handling and overall performance, reaching Mach 1.9 in level flight. Powered by the Pratt & Whitney J75, another four Mk. 1s were completed, RL-202, RL-203, RL-204 and RL-205. The lighter and more powerful Orenda Iroquois engine was soon ready for testing, and the first Mk 2 with the Iroquois, RL-206, was ready for taxi testing in preparation for flight and acceptance tests by RCAF pilots by early 1959.","The Avro Canada RL-201 Arrow was first flown in a test flight on March 25, 1958. During that flight, handling and performance proved excellent and the aircraft reached speeds of up to Mach 1.9 in level flight.",information_extraction When was IGFBP3 first characterized?,"Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, also known as IGFBP-3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP3 gene. IGFBP-3 is one of six IGF binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to IGFBP-6) that have highly conserved structures and bind the insulin-like growth factors IGF-1 and IGF-2 with high affinity. IGFBP-7, sometimes included in this family, shares neither the conserved structural features nor the high IGF affinity. Instead, IGFBP-7 binds IGF1R, which blocks IGF-1 and IGF-2 binding, resulting in apoptosis. Function IGFBP-3 was first isolated, characterized, and quantitated in human plasma, in 1986. It has well-documented functions in the circulation, in the extracellular environment, and inside cells. It is the main IGF transport protein in the bloodstream, where it carries the growth factors predominantly in stable complexes that contain the binding protein, either IGF-1 or IGF-2, and a third protein called the acid-labile subunit or ALS.","The Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 or IGFBP-3 was first isolated, characterized, and quantitated in human plasma, in 1986.",closed_qa "From the passage provided, extract the state Lincoln was born in","Abraham Lincoln (/ˈlɪŋkən/ LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the nation as a constitutional union and succeeded in abolishing slavery, bolstering the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy. Lincoln was born into poverty in a log cabin in Kentucky and was raised on the frontier, primarily in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. Congressman from Illinois. In 1849, he returned to his successful law practice in central Illinois. In 1854, he was angered by the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened the territories to slavery, and he re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the new Republican Party. He reached a national audience in the 1858 Senate campaign debates against Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln ran for president in 1860, sweeping the North to gain victory. Pro-slavery elements in the South viewed his election as a threat to slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. During this time, the newly formed Confederate States of America began seizing federal military bases in the south. Just over one month after Lincoln assumed the presidency, the Confederate States attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S. fort in South Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lincoln mobilized forces to suppress the rebellion and restore the union.",Lincoln was born in the state of Kentucky,information_extraction "Given the reference text about The Masters, where is the tournament played and what is the name of the golf course?","The Masters Tournament (usually referred to as simply The Masters, or the U.S. Masters outside North America) is one of the four major championships in professional golf. Scheduled for the first full week of April, the Masters is the first major of the year, and unlike the others, it is always held at the same location, Augusta National Golf Club, a private course in the city of Augusta, Georgia, in the southeastern United States. The Masters was started by amateur champion Bobby Jones and investment banker Clifford Roberts. After his grand slam in 1930, Jones acquired the former plant nursery and co-designed Augusta National with course architect Alister MacKenzie. First played 89 years ago in 1934, the tournament is an official money event on the PGA Tour, the European Tour, and the Japan Golf Tour. The field of players is smaller than those of the other major championships because it is an invitational event, held by the Augusta National Golf Club.","The Masters is played at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia.",closed_qa what was the british empire,"The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.","The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, 23 per cent of the world population at the time, and by 1920, it covered 35.5 million km2 (13.7 million sq mi), 24 per cent of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its constitutional, legal, linguistic, and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was described as ""the empire on which the sun never sets"", as the Sun was always shining on at least one of its territories.",summarization "When was the first episode of the TV show, The X-Files?",,"The first episode of The X-Files, titled ""Pilot,"" September 10, 1993",open_qa Extract the highest point in the city of Paris from this paragraph.,"Paris is located in northern central France, in a north-bending arc of the river Seine whose crest includes two islands, the Île Saint-Louis and the larger Île de la Cité, which form the oldest part of the city. The river's mouth on the English Channel (La Manche) is about 233 mi (375 km) downstream from the city. The city is spread widely on both banks of the river. Overall, the city is relatively flat, and the lowest point is 35 m (115 ft) above sea level. Paris has several prominent hills, the highest of which is Montmartre at 130 m (427 ft).",The highest points is Montmartre at 130m or 427ft.,information_extraction Which is a species of fish? Paradise fish or Heaven,,Paradise fish,classification Between what oceans does the Panama Canal save time?,"The Panama Canal (Spanish: Canal de Panamá) is an artificial 82 km (51 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and South America. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduces the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan.",The Panama Canal cuts down on the transportation time between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.,closed_qa When and where was Nero born?,"Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (/ˈnɪəroʊ/ NEER-oh; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68), was the fifth Roman emperor and final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 until his death in AD 68. He was adopted by the Roman emperor Claudius at the age of 13 and succeeded him on the throne. Nero was popular with the members of his Praetorian Guard and lower-class commoners in Rome and its provinces, but he was deeply resented by the Roman aristocracy. Most contemporary sources describe him as tyrannical, self-indulgent, and debauched. After being declared a public enemy by the Roman Senate, he committed suicide at age 30. Nero was born at Antium in AD 37, the son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina the Younger, a great-granddaughter of the emperor Augustus. When Nero was two years old, his father died. His mother married the emperor Claudius, who eventually adopted Nero as his heir; when Claudius died in AD 54, Nero became emperor with the support of the Praetorian Guard and the Senate. In the early years of his reign Nero was advised and guided by his mother Agrippina, his tutor Seneca the Younger, and his praetorian prefect Sextus Afranius Burrus, but he soon sought to rule independently and to rid himself of restraining influences. His power struggle with his mother was eventually resolved when he had her murdered. Roman sources also implicate Nero in the deaths of his wife Claudia Octavia – supposedly so that he could marry Poppaea Sabina – and of his step brother Britannicus. Nero's practical contributions to Rome's governance focused on diplomacy, trade, and culture. He ordered the construction of amphitheaters, and promoted athletic games and contests. He also made public appearances as an actor, poet, musician, and charioteer, which scandalised his aristocratic contemporaries as these occupations were usually the domain of slaves, public entertainers and infamous persons. The provision of such entertainments made Nero popular among lower-class citizens, but his performances undermined the Imperial dignity. The costs involved were borne by local elites either directly or through taxation, and were much resented. During Nero's reign, the general Corbulo fought the Roman–Parthian War of 58–63, and made peace with the hostile Parthian Empire. The Roman general Suetonius Paulinus quashed a major revolt in Britain led by the Iceni's queen Boudica. The Bosporan Kingdom was briefly annexed to the empire, and the First Jewish–Roman War began. When the Roman senator Vindex rebelled, with support from the eventual Roman emperor Galba, Nero was declared a public enemy and condemned to death in absentia. He fled Rome, and on 9 June AD 68 he committed suicide. His death sparked a brief period of civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors. Most Roman sources offer overwhelmingly negative assessments of his personality and reign. The historian Tacitus claims the Roman people thought him compulsive and corrupt. Suetonius tells that many Romans believed that the Great Fire of Rome was instigated by Nero to clear land for his planned ""Golden House"". Tacitus claims that Nero seized Christians as scapegoats for the fire and had them burned alive, seemingly motivated not by public justice but by personal cruelty. Some modern historians question the reliability of the ancient sources on Nero's tyrannical acts, considering his popularity among the Roman commoners. In the eastern provinces of the Empire, a popular legend arose that Nero had not died and would return. After his death, at least three leaders of short-lived, failed rebellions presented themselves as ""Nero reborn"" in order to gain popular support. Early life Nero was born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus on 15 December 37 AD in Antium (modern Anzio).: 87  He was an only-child, the son of the politician Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina the Younger. His mother Agrippina was the sister of the third Roman emperor Caligula.: 5  Nero was also the great-great-grandson of former emperor Augustus (descended from Augustus' only daughter, Julia).: 2  The ancient biographer Suetonius, who was critical of Nero's ancestors, wrote that emperor Augustus had reproached Nero's grandfather for his unseemly enjoyment of violent gladiator games. According to Jürgen Malitz, Suetonius tells that Nero's father was known to be ""irascible and brutal"", and that both ""enjoyed chariot races and theater performances to a degree not befitting their position"".: 3  Suetonius also mentions that when Nero's father Domitius was congratulated by his friends for the birth of his son, he replied that any child born to him and Agrippina would have a detestable nature and become a public danger. Domitius died in 40 AD. A few years before his father's death, his father was involved in a serious political scandal.: 3  His mother and his two surviving sisters, Agrippina and Julia Livilla, were exiled to a remote island in the Mediterranean Sea.: 4  His mother was said to have been exiled for plotting to overthrow the emperor Caligula. Nero's inheritance was taken from him, and he was sent to live with his paternal aunt Domitia Lepida the Younger, the mother of later emperor Claudius's third wife, Messalina.: 11  An aureus of Nero and his mother, c. 54. Caption: NERONIS CAES MATER AGRIPP. AVG. DIVI CLAVD. / NERONI CLAVD. DIVI F. CAES. AVG. GERM. IMP. TR. P. – EX SC After Caligula's death, Claudius became the new Roman Emperor. Nero's mother married Claudius in 49 AD, becoming his fourth wife. By February, 49 AD, his mother had persuaded Claudius to adopt her son Nero. After Nero's adoption by the emperor, ""Claudius"" became part of his name: Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus. Claudius had gold coins issued to mark the adoption.: 119  Classics professor Josiah Osgood has written that ""the coins, through their distribution and imagery alike, showed that a new Leader was in the making."": 231  However, David Shotter noted that, despite events in Rome, Nero's step-brother Britannicus was more prominent in provincial coinages during the early 50s.: 52  Bust of Nero, National Museum in Oslo Nero formally entered public life as an adult in 51 AD at approximately 14 years old.: 51  When he turned 16, Nero married Claudius' daughter (his step-sister), Claudia Octavia. Between the years 51 AD and 53 AD, he gave several speeches on behalf of various communities, including the Ilians; the Apameans (requesting a five-year tax reprieve after an earthquake); and the northern colony of Bologna, after their settlement had suffered a devastating fire.: 231  Claudius died in 54 AD; many ancient historians claim that he was poisoned by Agrippina. Shotter has written that ""Claudius' death in 54 AD has usually been regarded as an event hastened by Agrippina due to signs that Claudius was showing a renewed affection for his natural son"". He also notes that among ancient sources, the Roman historian Josephus was uniquely reserved in describing the poisoning as a rumor.: 53  Contemporary sources differ in their accounts of the poisoning. Tacitus says that the poison-maker Locusta prepared the toxin, which was served to the Emperor by his servant Halotus. Tacitus also writes that Agrippina arranged for Claudius' doctor Xenophon to administer poison, in the event that the Emperor survived.: 53  Suetonius differs in some details, but also implicates Halotus and Agrippina. Like Tacitus, Cassius Dio writes that the poison was prepared by Locusta, but in Dio's account it is administered by Agrippina instead of Halotus. In Apocolocyntosis, Seneca the Younger does not mention mushrooms at all.: 54  Agrippina's involvement in Claudius' death is not accepted by all modern scholars.: 589  Before Claudius' death, Agrippina had maneuvered to remove Claudius' sons' tutors in order to replace them with tutors that she had selected. She was also able to convince Claudius to replace two prefects of the Praetorian Guard (who were suspected of supporting Claudius' son) with Afranius Burrus (Nero's future guide).: 13  Since Agrippina had replaced the guard officers with men loyal to her, Nero was subsequently able to assume power without incident.: 417","Nero was born at Antium (modern day Anzio, Italy) on December, 15th 37 AD.",closed_qa "From the passage provided, extract which month is the coolest in Chennai","Chennai has a dry-summer tropical wet and dry climate under the (Köppen climate classification). The city lies on the thermal equator and is also on the coast, which prevents extreme variation in seasonal temperature. The hottest part of the year is late May to early June, known regionally as Agni Nakshatram (""fire star"") or as Kathiri Veyyil, with maximum temperatures around 35–40 °C (95–104 °F). The coolest part of the year is January, with minimum temperatures around 19–25 °C (66–77 °F). The lowest recorded temperature was 13.9 °C (57.0 °F) on 11 December 1895 and 29 January 1905. The highest recorded temperature was 45 °C (113 °F) on 31 May 2003. The average annual rainfall is about 140 cm (55 in).",The coolest part of the year is January,information_extraction Why should I visit Netherlands?,,There are many museums in the Netherlands that you can visit. Netherlands has had many famous painters. The city center of Amsterdam is also very nice. It is also considered as one of the best party places in the Europe. There are many famous events that you can join and enjoy.,brainstorming Who was the most popular musical artist in the 1980s?,,Michael Jackson was the number one selling musical artist in the 1980s.,open_qa Without quoting directly from the text give me a summary of the differences between Iyengar Yoga and other yoga practices.,"According to the Iyengar Yoga Institute, unlike more experiential approaches where students are encouraged to independently ""find their way"" to the asanas by imitating the teacher, an Iyengar Yoga class is precise, with misalignments and errors actively explained and corrected. It states that the style ""emphasizes precision and alignment"", and prioritizes correct movement over quantity, i.e. moving a small amount in the right direction is preferred to moving more but in other directions. Postures are held for a relatively long period of time compared to other schools of yoga; this allows the muscles to relax and lengthen, and encourages awareness in the pose. Props including belts, blocks and blankets are freely used to assist students in correct working in the asanas.","Based on the given text, Iyengar yoga differs from other types of yoga in the following points: By focusing on precision and alignment, Iyengar yoga gives you precise instructions and continuously explains and corrects the misalignments and errors. It also prioritizes the quality of the postures over the intensity of doing them. It also keeps the practitioners in the postures for a longer time in comparison to other yoga styles. Also the practitioners are provided with different props like belts, blocks and blankets that they can use freely to help themselves to perform the asanas correctly.",summarization Who is the author of Atomic Habits?,,James Clear is the author of the bestselling book titled Atomic Habits.,open_qa What are all the different names for COVID-19 and which one is the most recommended?,"During the initial outbreak in Wuhan, the virus and disease were commonly referred to as ""coronavirus"" and ""Wuhan coronavirus"", with the disease sometimes called ""Wuhan pneumonia"". In the past, many diseases have been named after geographical locations, such as the Spanish flu, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and Zika virus. In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended 2019-nCoV and 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease as interim names for the virus and disease per 2015 guidance and international guidelines against using geographical locations or groups of people in disease and virus names to prevent social stigma. The official names COVID‑19 and SARS-CoV-2 were issued by the WHO on 11 February 2020 with COVID-19 being shorthand for ""coronavirus disease 2019"". The WHO additionally uses ""the COVID‑19 virus"" and ""the virus responsible for COVID‑19"" in public communications.","Here are a list of names for COVID-19 that were mentioned: coronavirus, Wuhan coronavirus, Wuhan pneumonia, 2019-nCoV, 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, COVID‑19, SARS-CoV-2, the COVID‑19 virus, the virus responsible for COVID‑19. The official names COVID‑19 and SARS-CoV-2 were issued by the WHO on 11 February 2020, but they also use ""the COVID‑19 virus"" and ""the virus responsible for COVID‑19"" in public communications. Based on this information, the most recommended name is COVID-19.",closed_qa What kind of swimming pool was used in the 1908 Summer Olympics in London?,"At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, six swimming events were contested. These were the first Olympic Games in which a 100-metre pool had been especially constructed (inside the main stadium's track and field oval). Previous Olympic events were swum in open water (1896: The Mediterranean Sea, 1900: The Seine River, 1904: an artificial lake). Only men participated in the swimming events. The competitions were held from Monday, July 13, 1908, to Saturday, July 25, 1908. All six of the 1908 events became staples of the Olympic swimming programme, and have been contested at every edition of the Games since. The 50 m, 200 m, and 800 m freestyle events were dropped from the previous edition (though the 50 m and 200 m would later return), the relay was lengthened from 4×50 yards to 4×200 m, and the 400 m breaststroke was shortened to 200 metres.",The 1908 Summer Olympics swimming competition was held in a specially constructed 100 meter swimming pool.,summarization "How does the ""fire power"" help Fargus?","Pandemonium 2 is a psychedelic 2.5D game; specifically, it renders characters and environments with polygons and uses a 3D camera to create the appearance of 3-D, while gameplay is actually on a 2-D plane. Players can choose to be either Nikki or Fargus - who each have different specialties - with the option to change for each level. The player characters' abilities have been expanded over those in Pandemonium! with the ability to climb ropes, crawl, and pull themselves up ledges. During the quest, players can earn extra lives by collecting treasure. Unique powers collected during gameplay may replace, extend or add to previous powers, depending on which character is in play and which power has been obtained. The characters handle the unique powers differently. For instance, collecting the ""fire power"" allows Nikki to shoot destructive fireballs, while it grants Fargus invincibility and a deadly touch, but requires him to constantly move forward. Machines and equipment are also available throughout the game, although they are tied to certain areas.",It grants Fargus invincibility and a deadly touch.,closed_qa What is an apple?,,An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree. Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus Malus.,open_qa "Given this paragraph about Jordan, tell me where it is located and which countries it borders?","Jordan (Arabic: الأردن, tr. Al-ʾUrdunn [al.ʔur.dunː]), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south and east, Iraq to the northeast, Syria to the north, and the Palestinian West Bank, Israel, and the Dead Sea to the west. It has a 26 km (16 mi) coastline in its southwest on the Gulf of Aqaba's Red Sea, which separates Jordan from Egypt. Amman is Jordan's capital and largest city, as well as its economic, political, and cultural centre.","Jordan is a country in Western Asia and it is border by Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria, Palestine, and Israel.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph about the Grammy Awards, who has the most Grammys of all time?","The record for the most Grammy Awards won in a lifetime is held by Beyoncé, an American singer, songwriter, and dancer, who has won 32. It was previously held by Georg Solti, a Hungarian-British conductor, who won 31.",The current record holder for most Grammy Awards won in a lifetime is Beyoncé.,closed_qa What is the capital of Telangana?,"Telangana (/ˌtɛlənˈɡɑːnə/ (listen); Telugu: [ˈtelaŋɡaːɳa], Urdu: [ˈtɪləŋɡɑːna] (listen)) is a state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the eleventh-largest state and the twelfth-most populated state in India with a geographical area of 112,077 km2 (43,273 sq mi) and 35,193,978 residents as per 2011 census. On 2 June 2014, the area was separated from the northwestern part of Andhra Pradesh as the newly formed state of Telangana, with Hyderabad as its capital. Its other major cities include Warangal, Nizamabad, Khammam, Karimnagar and Ramagundam. Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north, Chhattisgarh to the northeast, Karnataka to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south. The terrain of Telangana consists mostly of the Deccan Plateau with dense forests covering an area of 27,292 km2 (10,538 sq mi). As of 2019, the state of Telangana is divided into 33 districts.",Hyderabad,closed_qa Who does the Navy Cross is awarded to?,"The Navy Cross is the United States Naval Service's second-highest military decoration awarded for sailors and marines who distinguish themselves for extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force. The medal is equivalent to the Army's Distinguished Service Cross, the Air and Space Forces' Air Force Cross, and the Coast Guard Cross. The Navy Cross is bestowed by the Secretary of the Navy and may also be awarded to members of the other armed services, and to foreign military personnel while serving with the U.S. Naval Service. The Navy Cross was established by Act of Congress (Public Law 65-253) and approved on February 4, 1919.",The Navy Cross is awarded to Sailors and Marines who display heroism in combat with an armed enemy force.,closed_qa "What type of natural disaster is known for occurring in San Francisco, California?",,Earthquakes are associated with San Francisco,open_qa Extract a name of a water passage that separates Egypt form Jordan and Saudi Arabia,"Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast. At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the 14th-most populated country in the world.",The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia.,information_extraction When was The White Mandigos band formed?,"The White Mandingos are a rock supergroup from Woodstock, New York consisting of rapper Murs, former Rolling Stone journalist and MTV / VH1 producer Sacha Jenkins and Bad Brains' bassist Darryl Jenifer. Biography The band was formed in late 2012 when Jenkins met up at Jenifer's house in Woodstock to discover if there was anything in common between their respective favourite music genres. They considered their initial collaborations unimpressive, so Jenkins suggested collaborating with Murs, who provided lyrics. Their first album, The Ghetto Is Tryna Kill Me was released in June 2013, and followed with a short tour of the eastern United States, including gigs in New York's New Museum, Boston and Washington DC. The album is a concept album around Tyrone White, a young black man from a New York City housing project, who subsequently obtains a recording contract and gets a white girlfriend. Jenifer and Jenkins have described the album Tommy by The Who as an important influence. Reviewing the album, Baltimore City Paper 's Baynard Woods thought the group ""actually manage to do service to punk and hip hop"" and praised the band's sense of humour, particularly the music video for their first single, ""My First White Girl"". Washington City Paper's Marcus J Moore described the video for the group's ""Warn A Brotha"" as ""a cool ode to skateboarding"".","The White Mandingos was formed in late 2012, and their first album 'The Guetto is Tryna Kill Me' was released in June 2013.",closed_qa What's the oldest capital in the world?,"Damascus (/dəˈmæskəs/ də-MASS-kəs, UK also /dəˈmɑːskəs/ də-MAH-skəs; Arabic: دمشق‎, romanized: Dimashq, IPA: [diˈmaʃq]) is the capital of Syria, the oldest capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth holiest city in Islam. Known colloquially in Syria as aš-Šām (الشَّام‎) and dubbed, poetically, the ""City of Jasmine"" (مَدِينَةُ الْيَاسْمِينِ‎ Madīnat al-Yāsmīn), Damascus is a major cultural center of the Levant and the Arab world.",Damascus,closed_qa "From the passage provided, extract the year Adani group was founded.","Adani Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Ahmedabad. It was founded by Gautam Adani in 1988 as a commodity trading business, with the flagship company Adani Enterprises. The Group's diverse businesses include port management, electric power generation and transmission, renewable energy, mining, airport operations, natural gas, food processing and infrastructure. In April 2021, Adani Group crossed US$100 billion in market capitalization, and in April 2022 it crossed the $200 billion mark, in both cases becoming the third Indian conglomerate to do so, after Tata Group and Reliance Industries. In November 2022, it reached $280 billion (INR 24 trillion) surpassing Tata Group. Adani subsequently lost more than $104 billion of market capitalization after fraud and market manipulation allegations by short-seller firm Hindenburg Research. The Adani Group has also attracted other controversies due to various reports of irregular practices. More than 60 percent of the Adani Group's revenue is derived from coal-related businesses. The company's corporate debt totaled $30 billion in 2022.",Adani group was founded in 1988,information_extraction What are some benefits of public transportation?,,"Public transportation is better for the environment. Buses and trains emit less carbon dioxide per person than private transportation. Public transportation is more affordable than private transportation. By spreading out the cost of transportation ownership and maintenance among the large number of public transportation riders, public transportation is cheaper than private transportation.",creative_writing Who is David Oliver Siegmund,"David Oliver Siegmund (born November 15, 1941) is an American statistician who has worked extensively on sequential analysis. Biography Siegmund grew up in Webster Groves, Missouri. He received his baccalaureate degree, in mathematics, from Southern Methodist University in 1963, and a doctorate in statistics from Columbia University in 1966. His Ph.D. advisor was Herbert Robbins. After being an assistant and then a full professor at Columbia, he went to Stanford University in 1976, where he is currently a professor of statistics. He has served twice as the chair of Stanford's statistics department. He has also held visiting positions at Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the University of Zurich, the University of Oxford, and the University of Cambridge.","David Oliver Siegmund (born November 15, 1941) is an American statistician who has worked extensively on sequential analysis. Siegmund grew up in Webster Groves, Missouri. He received his baccalaureate degree, in mathematics, from Southern Methodist University in 1963, and a doctorate in statistics from Columbia University in 1966. His Ph.D. advisor was Herbert Robbins. After being an assistant and then a full professor at Columbia, he went to Stanford University in 1976, where he is currently a professor of statistics. He has served twice as the chair of Stanford's statistics department. He has also held visiting positions at Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the University of Zurich, the University of Oxford, and the University of Cambridge.",closed_qa What is the appeal of Flathead Lake as a Summer vacation destination?,,"Flathead Lake is the largest natural freshwater lake West of the Mississippi in lower 48 contiguous states, with over 200 square miles of water and 185 miles of coastline. It is a beautiful lake, surrounded by the tall and impressive Mission Mountains on the east and the smaller Salish Mountains to the west. It borders several Indian reservations on the Southern end of the lake. The lake offers an abundance of Summer activities including: sailing, boating, swimming, and camping. The lake offers excellent fishing and the fish species in the lake consist primarily of lake trout, pike, yellow perch and whitefish, with some rainbow trout, bass, and salmon. The lake trout can reach monstrous sizes, frequently exceeding twenty-pounds. Overall, Flathead Lake is one of the premiere recreational and fishing lakes in Montana. It is popular for both fishing and pleasure boating and the sheer beauty of the lake makes it a memorable one regardless of which activity is pursued.",creative_writing please tell me about the golden gate bridge without quoting directly from this text,"The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the one-mile-wide (1.6 km) strait connecting San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. The structure links the U.S. city of San Francisco, California—the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula—to Marin County, carrying both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait. It also carries pedestrian and bicycle traffic, and is designated as part of U.S. Bicycle Route 95. Recognized by the American Society of Civil Engineers as one of the Wonders of the Modern World, the bridge is one of the most internationally recognized symbols of San Francisco and California.","The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the one-mile-wide (1.6 km) strait connecting San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. The structure links the U.S. city of San Francisco, California—the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula—to Marin County, carrying both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait. It also carries pedestrian and bicycle traffic, and is designated as part of U.S. Bicycle Route 95. Recognized by the American Society of Civil Engineers as one of the Wonders of the Modern World, the bridge is one of the most internationally recognized symbols of San Francisco and California. The idea of a fixed link between San Francisco and Marin had gained increasing popularity during the late 19th century, but it was not until the early 20th century that such a link became feasible. Joseph Strauss served as chief engineer for the project, with Leon Moisseiff, Irving Morrow and Charles Ellis making significant contributions to its design. The bridge opened to the public in 1937 and has undergone various retrofits and other improvement projects in the decades since. The Golden Gate Bridge is described in Frommer's travel guide as ""possibly the most beautiful, certainly the most photographed, bridge in the world.""At the time of its opening in 1937, it was both the longest and the tallest suspension bridge in the world, titles it held until 1964 and 1998 respectively. Its main span is 4,200 feet (1,280 m) and total height is 746 feet (227 m)",summarization Which is a species of fish? Goat or Goatfish,,Goatfish,classification "Given the paragraph above paragraph, what is the PMP and who established the exam.","Project Management Professional (PMP) is an internationally recognized professional designation offered by the Project Management Institute (PMI). As of 31 July 2020, there are 1,036,368 active PMP-certified individuals and 314 chartered chapters across 214 countries and territories worldwide. The exam is one of eight credentials offered by PMI and is based on the ECO PMP Examination Content Outline. Most of the questions reference the Exam Content Outline PMP Examination Content Outline (also known as the E.C.O ).","PMP stands for Project Management Professional, and it was established by the Project Management Institute (PMI). The PMP is a professional certification for project managers that is recognized internationally. The PMP is based on the ECO PMP Examination Content Outline.",closed_qa Identify the political office or offices Julius Steele Barnes held.,"Julius Steele Barnes (23 February 1792 – 12 November 1870) was an American physician. Besides being a skillful practitioner, and devoted to his calling, he also labored heartily for the social good of the community. He served one term as Connecticut State Senator, and held for a time the office of Judge of Probate.",Julius Steele Barnes was a Connecticut State senator and a Judge of Probate.,summarization Why is JDAM so cost effective?,"The Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) is a guidance kit that converts unguided bombs, or ""dumb bombs"", into all-weather precision-guided munitions. JDAM-equipped bombs are guided by an integrated inertial guidance system coupled to a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, giving them a published range of up to 15 nautical miles (28 km). JDAM-equipped bombs range from 500 to 2,000 pounds (230 to 910 kg). The JDAM's guidance system was jointly developed by the United States Air Force and United States Navy, hence the ""joint"" in JDAM. When installed on a bomb, the JDAM kit is given a GBU (Guided Bomb Unit) identifier, superseding the Mark 80 or BLU (Bomb, Live Unit) nomenclature of the bomb to which it is attached. The JDAM is not a stand-alone weapon; rather it is a ""bolt-on"" guidance package that converts unguided gravity bombs into precision-guided munitions (PGMs). The key components of the system consist of a tail section with aerodynamic control surfaces, a (body) strake kit, and a combined inertial guidance system and GPS guidance control unit. The JDAM was meant to improve upon laser-guided bomb and imaging infrared technology, which can be hindered by bad ground and weather conditions. Laser seekers are now being fitted to some JDAMs.","The Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) is a guidance kit that converts unguided bombs to precision-guided munitions. There are several reasons why JDAM is one of the most cost effective weapons ever invented. By using GPS navigation, the JDAM guidance kit can be extremely cheap, as low as $25k/kit. It is likely cheaper than any other precision-guided weapons. GPS navigation provides good targeting precision, typically within meters. Combined with blast radius of 500-2000 lbs unguided bombs, JDAM can effectively destroy any targets on the ground. Because JDAM has navigation capability, pilots no longer need to precisely aim the bombers against the targets. It allows a bomber to quickly and precisely hit multiple targets along the route. Some JDAM guidance kits include targeting sensors, such as laser targeting. They can be used against mobile targets, which further increases the use cases for JDAM. In summary, by combining dumb bombs with a guidance kit, JDAM becomes a very cost effective weapon system, and is widely adopted by the US and other military forces.",closed_qa How often should you brush your teeth?,"Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping one's mouth clean and free of disease and other problems (e.g. bad breath) by regular brushing of the teeth (dental hygiene) and cleaning between the teeth. It is important that oral hygiene be carried out on a regular basis to enable prevention of dental disease and bad breath. The most common types of dental disease are tooth decay (cavities, dental caries) and gum diseases, including gingivitis, and periodontitis. General guidelines for adults suggest brushing at least twice a day with a fluoridated toothpaste: brushing last thing at night and at least on one other occasion. Cleaning between the teeth is called interdental cleaning and is as important as tooth brushing. This is because a toothbrush cannot reach between the teeth and therefore only removes about 50% of plaque from the surface of the teeth. There are many tools to clean between the teeth, including floss, tape and interdental brushes; it is up to each individual to choose which tool they prefer to use.","Oral Hygiene is important to maintain a healthy mouth free of disease. Keeping one's mouth clean avoids problems such as bad breath as well as tooth decay, gum disease and gingivitis. General guidelines for adults suggest brushing at least twice a day with fluoridated toothpaste. A good strategy is to brush your teeth in the morning and before you go to bed each night.",information_extraction What is Amazon Web Services?,,"AWS or Amazon Web Services is the cloud platform that is offered by Amazon. They have services like compute, virtual machines, databases, storage, serverless sql and serverless functions, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data science, data lakes, and internet of things. A platform like AWS has all the tools for seamless integration to build an entire analytics platform for your business. AWS also serves the most business who have moved to cloud compared to their competitors Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Platform.",open_qa Extract the year that the Volvo XC40 was released.,"The Volvo XC40 is a subcompact luxury crossover SUV manufactured by Volvo Cars. It was unveiled on 21 September 2017 as the smallest SUV model from Volvo, below the XC60. Orders started in September of 2017, and manufacturing began in November 2017. It was introduced with conventional petrol and diesel engines, with a plug-in hybrid model being introduced in 2019, and a battery electric vehicle model was released in 2020 as the XC40 Recharge. A version of the battery electric model with a sloping rear roof was released in 2021 as the C40 Recharge.",The XC40 was released in the year 2017.,information_extraction is engineering a great career,,yes,open_qa What is the largest employer in the world?,"Walmart is the world's largest company by revenue, with about US$570 billion in annual revenue, according to the Fortune Global 500 list in October 2022. It is also the largest private employer in the world with 2.2 million employees. It is a publicly traded family-owned business, as the company is controlled by the Walton family. Sam Walton's heirs own over 50 percent of Walmart through both their holding company Walton Enterprises and their individual holdings. Walmart was the largest United States grocery retailer in 2019, and 65 percent of Walmart's US$510.329 billion sales came from U.S. operations.",Walmart,closed_qa Where was the first season of The X-Files filmed?,,"The first season of the X-Files was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.",open_qa What is Scala?,,Scala is a strong statically typed high-level general-purpose programming language that supports both object-oriented programming and functional programming.,open_qa Is the Jakobshorn in Davos worth a trip,"The Jakobshorn (2,590 metres (8,500 ft)) is a mountain of the Albula Alps, overlooking Davos in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. It is also one of the five skiing regions of the Davos Klosters Mountains, offering 14 pistes. Jakobshorn panorama Located at the northern end of the range between the Dischmatal and Sertigtal, the Jakobshorn is served by a two-part cable car running from Davos Platz. Once on the mountain there are three chairlifts, one short cable car, and one T-Bar. Since 1995 there has also been a two-person chair-lift, running from near the base station to the near the bottom of Usser Isch. There are a variety of pistes on the Jakobshorn—blue, red and black—and the mountain is renowned for being a centre for snowboarding; Bolgen provides an illuminated super pipe. Pistes are very wide and the area is popular with novice skiers, there are however a number of black terrains for the more adventurous skier. The main two lifts also open during the summer, from July–October, and there are many walks on the Jakobshorn. The Jakobshorn is also a favoured take-off point for hang-gliders and snowkiters.","The Jakobshorn (2,590 metres (8,500 ft)) is a mountain of the Albula Alps, overlooking Davos in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. It is also one of the five skiing regions of the Davos Klosters Mountains, offering 14 pistes. There are a variety of pistes on the Jakobshorn—blue, red and black—and the mountain is renowned for being a centre for snowboarding; Bolgen provides an illuminated super pipe. Pistes are very wide and the area is popular with novice skiers, there are however a number of black terrains for the more adventurous skier. The main two lifts also open during the summer, from July–October, and there are many walks on the Jakobshorn. The Jakobshorn is also a favoured take-off point for hang-gliders and snowkiters.",summarization Which district is Lightwater in?,"Lightwater is a village in the Surrey Heath district of Surrey, England, about 27 miles (43 km) southwest of central London. Immediately surrounding towns and villages include Bagshot, Deepcut, Windlesham, Camberley, and West End, Woking. It is bounded to the north-west by the M3 motorway and to the north-east by the ""Lightwater Bypass"" (A322). To the south-east it is bounded by the ""Red Road"" (B311), while to the south-west there are vehicle-testing tracks owned by the Ministry of Defence. The village is adjacent to junction 3 of the M3 motorway. The nearest railway station is at Bagshot, on the line between Ascot and Aldershot. Lightwater is part of the civil parish of Windlesham, which has a population of 17,000 and also includes the neighbouring village of Bagshot.",Lightwater is in Surrey Heath district in Surrey. It is in the civil parish of Windlesham.,information_extraction What are some foods to cook to celebrate St. Patrick's Day?,,"Most people in Ireland and elsewhere like to celebrate St. Patrick's Day with traditional (or regionally adapted) Irish foods. These can include things like: corned beef and cabbage, potatoes, scotched eggs, shoulder bacon, soda bread, shepard's pie, beef stew, corned beef hash, colcannon.",brainstorming "Without directly quoting from the text, give me a summary of the second home controversy in Gwynedd, Wales.","Controversy erupted in mid-winter 2001 when Seimon Glyn, Gwynedd Council's housing committee chairman and Plaid Cymru member, voiced frustration over ""English immigrants"" moving into traditionally Welsh speaking communities. Glyn was commenting on a report underscoring the dilemma of rocketing house prices outstripping what locals could pay, with the report warning that ""...traditional Welsh communities could die out..."" as a consequence. In 2001 nearly a third of all purchases of properties in Gwynedd were by buyers from out of the county, with some communities reporting as many as a third of local homes used as holiday homes. Holiday home owners typically spend less than six months of the year in the local community. The issue of locals being priced out of the local housing market is common to many rural communities throughout Britain, but in Wales the added dimension of language further complicates the issue, as many new residents do not learn the Welsh language. Concerned for the Welsh language under these pressures, Glyn said ""Once you have more than 50% of anybody living in a community that speaks a foreign language, then you lose your indigenous tongue almost immediately"". His comments attracted strong criticism of Plaid Cymru from other national parties. By spring 2002 both the Snowdonia National Park (Welsh: Parc Cenedlaethol Eryri) and Pembrokeshire Coast National Park (Welsh: Parc Cenedlaethol Arfordir Penfro) authorities began limiting second home ownership within the parks, following the example set by Exmoor. According to planners in Snowdonia and Pembroke applicants for new homes must demonstrate a proven local need or the applicant must have strong links with the area.","By the end of 2001, as much as a third of the homes in the Gwynedd county was owned by owners not using these houses as a primary home. The local community was concerned that the use of the Welsh language was at risk because a growing amount of owners did only speak English, not Welsh. To combat this phenomenon, two national parks in the county started limiting second home ownership in the area, requiring proof of local need or strong ties in the area.",summarization Who was the winner of Top Chef Season 4?,"Stephanie Izard is an American chef and television personality best known as the first female chef to win Bravo's Top Chef, taking the title during its fourth season. She is the co-owner and executive chef of three award-winning Chicago restaurants, Girl and the Goat, Little Goat, and Duck Duck Goat, and opened her first restaurant, Scylla (now closed) as chef-owner at the age of 27. Izard received a James Beard Foundation Award for ""Best Chef: Great Lakes"" in 2013 for her work at Girl and the Goat. She has made a number of appearances on Top Chef since her win, both as a guest judge on subsequent seasons and as a participant in Top Chef Duels. In 2017, Izard competed in the Food Network series Iron Chef Gauntlet, where she overall defeated chefs Bobby Flay, Michael Symon, and Masaharu Morimoto to obtain the title of Iron Chef.",Stephanie Izard won the fourth season of Top Chef,information_extraction What is the official name of Singapore?,"Singapore (/ˈsɪŋ(ɡ)əpɔːr/ (listen)), officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor to the north. The country's territory is composed of one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet; the combined area of these has increased by 25% since the country's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects. It has the third highest population density in the world. With a multicultural population and recognising the need to respect cultural identities of the major ethnic groups within the nation, Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. English is the lingua franca and numerous public services are available only in English. Multi-racialism is enshrined in the constitution and continues to shape national policies in education, housing, and politics.",The official name of Singapore is The Republic of Singapore,information_extraction What is the capital of CA?,,Sacramento,open_qa What is the current reigning dynasty of Thailand?,,The current reigning dynasty of Thailand is Chakri dynasty and the current King of the dynasty is Maha Vajiralongkorn.,open_qa Why was Harry Potter famous in the wizarding world?,"Harry Potter lives with his abusive aunt and uncle, Vernon and Petunia Dursley, and their bullying son, Dudley. On Harry's eleventh birthday, a half-giant named Rubeus Hagrid personally delivers an acceptance letter to Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, revealing that Harry's parents, James and Lily Potter, were wizards. When Harry was one year old, an evil and powerful dark wizard, Lord Voldemort, murdered his parents. Harry survived Voldemort's killing curse that rebounded and seemingly destroyed the Dark Lord, leaving a lightning bolt-shaped scar on his forehead. Unknown to Harry, this act made him famous in the wizarding world.",Harry Potter survived the killing curse of a powerful dark wizard - Lord Voldemort.,summarization Toronto Maple Leafs is a team in the NHL. Who was their captain and star player in the early 2000s?,,Mats Sundin,open_qa What was the football team that played at the University of Oregon in 1949?,"The 1949 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1949 college football season. In their third season under head coach Jim Aiken, the Webfoots compiled a 4–6 record (2–5 against PCC opponents), finished in a tie for sixth place in the PCC, and outscored their opponents, 250 to 219. The team played its home games at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon.","The team that played football at the University of Oregon in 1949 was the Oregon Webfoots. The coach at the time was Jim Aiken, and the Webfoots held a 4-6 record (2-5 against PCC opponents), and finished with a tie for sixth place. Their home games were played at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon.",summarization Who is Robert Kiyosaki?,,"Robert Kiyosaki is an American entrepreneur and author who became famous primarily due to his book Rich Dad Poor Dad, a book which many refer to as ""the bible of financial literacy"". He has acquired much of his wealth through investing in real estate successfully and teaching others financial skills that are not taught in typical school systems.",open_qa What is Central Park?,"Central Park is an urban park in New York City located between the Upper West and Upper East Sides of Manhattan. It is the fifth-largest park in the city, covering 843 acres (341 ha). It is the most visited urban park in the United States, with an estimated 42 million visitors annually as of 2016, and is the most filmed location in the world.","Central Park is an urban park located in the borough of Manhattan, New York City, NY. It is located between the Upper West Side and the Upper East Side. It is 843 acres and is actually the 5th largest park in the city. It is the most visited urban park in the United States, with an estimated 42 million visitors annually.",summarization Who is the rbr formula 1 team principal?,,The Red Bull Racing team principal is Christian Horner,classification "Given this paragraph about books, what is the Poison Book Project?","The Poison Book Project is a project of the Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library and the University of Delaware to identify and catalog books known to contain poisonous substances, particularly arsenic in Paris green pigments. It was started in 2019 when Winterthur staff members Melissa Tedone and Rosie Grayburn identified a book containing Paris green in the institution's collection. The project has since confirmed at least 100 other books from libraries across the world that contain Paris green, allowing librarians to take measures to minimize the risk to those handling the books.","The Poison Book Project is a project of the Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library and the University of Delaware to identify and catalog books known to contain poisonous substances, particularly arsenic in Paris green pigments.",closed_qa What is the largest American city by population?,,New York City is the largest US city,open_qa Extract what happened to Athens in the Peloponnesian War,"Lack of political unity within Greece resulted in frequent conflict between Greek states. The most devastating intra-Greek war was the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), won by Sparta and marking the demise of the Athenian Empire as the leading power in ancient Greece. Both Athens and Sparta were later overshadowed by Thebes and eventually Macedon, with the latter uniting most of the city-states of the Greek hinterland in the League of Corinth (also known as the Hellenic League or Greek League) under the control of Philip II. Despite this development, the Greek world remained largely fragmented and would not be united under a single power until the Roman years.",Athens lost the Peloponnesian war leading to the demise of the Athenian Empire,information_extraction What is the Maareech Advanced Torpedo Defence System (ATDS)?,"Maareech Advanced Torpedo Defence System (ATDS) is a torpedo detection and countermeasure system used by the Indian Navy. The system offers a complete solution to detect and locate an incoming torpedo and to apply countermeasures to protect naval platform against torpedo attack. It was developed as a joint project of the Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL), Kochi and the Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL), Visakhapatnam. Bharat Electronics is manufacturing it India.",The Maareech Advanced Torpedo Defence System (ATDS is a torpedo detection and countermeasure system used by the Indian Navy.,information_extraction What is the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB)?,,"The Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB) is a database that provides a wealth of information about the 3D structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and other macromolecules. The database contains experimentally determined atomic coordinates for a large number of macromolecules, which can be used to study their structures, functions, and interactions. The RCSB PDB is widely used in genomics research and drug discovery, as it provides a valuable resource for understanding the structural basis of many biological processes and for designing new drugs that target specific macromolecules. In addition to the atomic coordinates, the RCSB PDB contains a wealth of additional information about each macromolecule, including experimental methods used for structure determination, citations to relevant scientific literature, and information about biological function, sequence, and homology. The database also provides a variety of tools and resources for visualizing, analyzing, and downloading structural data, including a web-based viewer that allows users to interactively explore the 3D structures of macromolecules.",open_qa "Given a reference text about the Pitt Street Mall, tell me how big it is and how many specialty stores it has.","Pitt Street Mall is the pedestrianised section of Pitt Street in the Sydney central business district, in the Australian state of New South Wales. Running for approximately 200 metres between Market Street and King Street, it is one block long and one of Australia's busiest and most cosmopolitan shopping precincts. Floorspace rents are the highest in Australia, in part due to other cities' shopping precincts being longer. In 2015, its rents were the fifth-highest in the world in terms of city streets. Despite its small size, Pitt Street Mall hosts many flagship chain stores and more than 400 specialty stores. It is one of the flagship venues of Sydney Fashion Week held in the month of May.",The Pitt Street Mall is 200 meters long and has more than 400 specialty stores.,closed_qa Summarize the important contributions of Thomas Edison from this paragraph in a bulleted list.,"Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures.These inventions, which include the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and early versions of the electric light bulb, have had a widespread impact on the modern industrialized world. He was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of organized science and teamwork to the process of invention, working with many researchers and employees. He established the first industrial research laboratory.","Thomas Edison's research and inventions have had a significant influence over the modern industrialized world. Here is a glimpse of his achievements: 1. Invented the phonograph 2. Invented the motion picture camera 3. Invented early versions of electric light bulbs 4. He established the first industrial research labratory 5. He developed devices across several fields of research, including: power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures",summarization Who created Doge Coin and when?,"Dogecoin (/ˈdoʊ(d)ʒkɔɪn/ DOHJ-koyn or DOHZH-koyn, Abbreviation: DOGE; sign: Ð) is a cryptocurrency created by software engineers Billy Markus and Jackson Palmer, who decided to create a payment system as a ""joke"", making fun of the wild speculation in cryptocurrencies at the time. It is considered both the first ""meme coin"", and, more specifically, the first ""dog coin"". Despite its satirical nature, some consider it a legitimate investment prospect. Dogecoin features the face of the Shiba Inu dog from the ""doge"" meme as its logo and namesake. It was introduced on December 6, 2013, and quickly developed its own online community, reaching a market capitalization of over $85 billion on May 5, 2021. As of 2021, it is the sleeve sponsor of Watford Football Club.","Doge coin was created by Billy Markus and Jackson Palmer and it was introduced in December 6, 2013.",closed_qa Which team won the 2023 NCAA Men's National Championship?,"The 2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament involved 68 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament that determined the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's basketball national champion for the 2022–23 season. The 84th annual edition of the tournament began on March 14, 2023, and concluded with the UConn Huskies defeating the San Diego State Aztecs, 76–59 in the championship game on April 3 at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas.",The University of Connecticut Huskies,closed_qa What did Ralph Agas did as a profession?,"Ralph Agas (or Radulph Agas) (c. 1540 – 26 November 1621) was an English land surveyor and cartographer. He was born at Stoke-by-Nayland, Suffolk, in about 1540, and lived there throughout his life, although he travelled regularly to London. He began to practise as a surveyor in about 1566, and has been described as ""one of the leaders of the emerging body of skilled land surveyors"". Agas is particularly known for his large-scale town map of Oxford (surveyed 1578, published 1588). Early maps of London and Cambridge were also formerly attributed to him, but these attributions are no longer upheld.","Ralph Agas was an English land surveyor and cartographer, he was born at Stoke-by-Nayland, Suffolk.",summarization Which is a species of fish? Opah or Oprah,,Opah,classification What US state has the greatest population?,,California is the most populous American state.,open_qa Which is a species of fish? Sturgeon or Surgeon,,Sturgeon,classification Describe the benefits of riding the bus to work instead of driving a car.,,"Riding the bus to work instead of driving a car to work reduces greenhouse gas emissions. While you are riding the bus, you can also do other tasks that you could not do while driving, such as catching up on work, messaging your friends, or taking a nap. In areas where bus lanes exist, they can make the bus as fast or faster than a car for your commute because the bus won't get stuck in traffic. Finally, if you take the bus, you don't have to worry about finding parking for your car at your destination.",creative_writing Give me a summary of Dataphor based on this text,"Dataphor is an open-source truly-relational database management system (RDBMS) and its accompanying user interface technologies, which together are designed to provide highly declarative software application development. The Dataphor Server has its own storage engine or it can be a virtual, or federated, DBMS, meaning that it can utilize other database engines for storage. Dataphor has been praised for its adherence to relational principles, more closely so than any SQL product.",Dataphor is an open-source database management system that provides a declarative software application development that has been praised for its adherence to relational principles. The Dataphor Server has its own storage engine but it can also utilize other database engines for storage that are virtual or federated DBMS.,summarization "Given this paragraph about the demographics of Osaka, what was the highest number of residents ever recorded to be living in Osaka at any one point in time?","Population numbers have been recorded in Osaka since as early as 1873, in the early Meiji era. According to the census in 2005, there were 2,628,811 residents in Osaka, an increase of 30,037 or 1.2% from 2000. There were 1,280,325 households with approximately 2.1 persons per household. The population density was 11,836 persons per km2. The Great Kantō earthquake caused a mass migration to Osaka between 1920 and 1930, and the city became Japan's largest city in 1930 with 2,453,573 people, outnumbering even Tokyo, which had a population of 2,070,913. The population peaked at 3,252,340 in 1940, and had a post-war peak of 3,156,222 in 1965, but continued to declined since, as the residents moved out to the suburbs. There were 144,123 registered foreigners, the two largest groups being Korean (60,110) and Chinese (39,551) 2021 years. Ikuno, with its Tsuruhashi district, is the home to one of the largest population of Korean residents in Japan, with 20,397 registered Zainichi Koreans.","The highest population ever recorded in Osaka was 3,252,340 in 1940.",closed_qa "Given these paragraphs about battery storage power stations, for how long battery power storage was cheaper than open cycle gas turbine power as of 2019?","As of 2021, the power and capacity of the largest individual battery storage power plants is an order of magnitude less than that of the largest pumped storage power plants, the most common form of grid energy storage. For example, the Bath County Pumped Storage Station, the second largest in the world, can store 24GWh of electricity and dispatch 3GW while the first phase of Vistra Energy's Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility can store 1.2GWh and dispatch 300MW. Grid batteries do not however have to be large, and smaller ones can be deployed widely across a grid for greater redundancy. As of 2019, battery power storage is cheaper than open cycle gas turbine power for use up to two hours, and there was around 365 GWh of battery storage deployed worldwide, growing extremely rapidly. Levelized cost of electricity from battery storage has fallen rapidly, halving in two years to US$150 per MWh as of 2020.","As of 2019, battery power storage is cheaper than open cycle gas turbine power for use up to two hours.",closed_qa "Based on the passage below, what do scientologists believe cause neuroses and mental problems?","Scientology texts say that a human possesses an immortal inner self, termed a thetan, that resides in the physical body and has experienced many past lives. Scientologists believe that traumatic events experienced by the thetan over its lifetimes have resulted in negative ""engrams"" forming in the mind, causing neuroses and mental problems. They claim that the practice of auditing can remove these engrams; Scientology groups charge fees for clients undergoing auditing. Once an auditing practitioner deems the engrams to have been removed, an individual is given the status of ""clear"". They can take part in a further series of activities that are termed ""Operating Thetan"" (OT) levels, which require further payments.","Scientologists believe that neuroses and mental problems are caused by traumatic events experienced in past lives. These traumatic experiences result in negative ""engrams"" forming in the mind.",information_extraction Who won man booker International prize 2018?,,Polish author Olga Tokarczuk,open_qa "Given this reference text on the creation of centaurs, where did the mythology originate?","The centaurs were usually said to have been born of Ixion and Nephele. As the story goes, Nephele was a cloud made into the likeness of Hera in a plot to trick Ixion into revealing his lust for Hera to Zeus. Ixion seduced Nephele and from that relationship centaurs were created. Another version, however, makes them children of Centaurus, a man who mated with the Magnesian mares. Centaurus was either himself the son of Ixion and Nephele (inserting an additional generation) or of Apollo and the nymph Stilbe. In the latter version of the story, Centaurus's twin brother was Lapithes, ancestor of the Lapiths. Another tribe of centaurs was said to have lived on Cyprus. According to Nonnus, they were fathered by Zeus, who, in frustration after Aphrodite had eluded him, spilled his seed on the ground of that land. There were also the Lamian Pheres, twelve rustic daimones (spirits) of the Lamos river. They were set by Zeus to guard the infant Dionysos, protecting him from the machinations of Hera, but the enraged goddess transformed them into ox-horned Centaurs. The Lamian Pheres later accompanied Dionysos in his campaign against the Indians. The centaur's half-human, half-horse composition has led many writers to treat them as liminal beings, caught between the two natures they embody in contrasting myths; they are both the embodiment of untamed nature, as in their battle with the Lapiths (their kin), and conversely, teachers like Chiron.",A centaur is a creature from Greek mythology according to this paragraph. It can be inferred because numerous Greek gods were referenced in the passage.,closed_qa write short essay on Buzz Aldrin experience on moon,,"Buzz Aldrin, the second person to step onto the Moon's surface after Neil Armstrong, had a unique experience during the Apollo 11 mission in 1969. Like Armstrong, Aldrin spent just over two hours outside the lunar module, conducting experiments and collecting samples. Aldrin's experience on the Moon was both exhilarating and challenging. He described the lunar landscape as ""magnificent desolation,"" with vast, barren plains and towering mountains in the distance. Aldrin also noted the difficulty of moving around in the bulky spacesuit and the constant hissing sound of his oxygen supply. Despite these challenges, Aldrin managed to conduct experiments and collect samples that would later be used to study the Moon's geology and history. He also took photographs and planted the American flag on the lunar surface. Aldrin's experience on the Moon was a testament to human resilience and the spirit of exploration. He, along with Armstrong and the rest of the Apollo 11 team, pushed the boundaries of what was possible and opened up new frontiers for science and discovery. Aldrin's dedication to science and exploration continue to inspire future generations of astronauts and scientists.",creative_writing "Given the reference text about ""The New Deal"", what are the ""3 R's"" historians refer to about the program.","The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939. Major federal programs and agencies included the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Works Progress Administration (WPA), the Civil Works Administration (CWA), the Farm Security Administration (FSA), the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA) and the Social Security Administration (SSA). They provided support for farmers, the unemployed, youth, and the elderly. The New Deal included new constraints and safeguards on the banking industry and efforts to re-inflate the economy after prices had fallen sharply. New Deal programs included both laws passed by Congress as well as presidential executive orders during the first term of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt. The programs focused on what historians refer to as the ""3 R's"": relief for the unemployed and for the poor, recovery of the economy back to normal levels, and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression. The New Deal produced a political realignment, making the Democratic Party the majority (as well as the party that held the White House for seven out of the nine presidential terms from 1933 to 1969) with its base in progressive ideas, the South, big city machines and the newly empowered labor unions, and various ethnic groups. The Republicans were split, with progressive Republicans in support but conservatives opposing the entire New Deal as hostile to business and economic growth. The realignment crystallized into the New Deal coalition that dominated presidential elections into the 1960s while the opposing conservative coalition largely controlled Congress in domestic affairs from 1937 to 1964.","The ""3 R's"" historians refer to are the following: - Relief for the unemployed and for the poor - Recovery of the economy back to normal levels - Reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression",closed_qa Is figure skating a hard sport?,"Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, pairs, or groups perform on figure skates on ice. It was the first winter sport to be included in the Olympic Games, when contested at the 1908 Olympics in London. The Olympic disciplines are men's singles, women's singles,[note 1] pair skating, and ice dance; the four individual disciplines are also combined into a team event, first included in the Winter Olympics in 2014. The non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating, Theater on Ice, and four skating. From intermediate through senior-level competition, skaters generally perform two programs (the short program and the free skate), which, depending on the discipline, may include spins, jumps, moves in the field, lifts, throw jumps, death spirals, and other elements or moves. Figure skaters compete at various levels from beginner up to the Olympic level (senior) at local, regional, sectional, national, and international competitions. The International Skating Union (ISU) regulates international figure skating judging and competitions. These include the Winter Olympics, the World Championships, the World Junior Championships, the European Championships, the Four Continents Championships, the Grand Prix series (senior and junior), and the ISU Challenger Series. The sport is also associated with show business. Major competitions generally conclude with exhibition galas, in which the top skaters from each discipline perform non-competitive programs. Many skaters, both during and after their competitive careers, also skate in ice shows, which run during the competitive season and the off-season.","Figure skating is one of the most difficult sports due to a number of reasons, including the precision needed to execute tricks, talent for performing required, and the costs involved in competing. The skill needed to perform tricks like the axel or double axel is already very high and on top of that, figure skaters need to be good at performing their routines. In addition, the costs for practicing, buying good figure skates, and tailoring competition costumes can add up quickly.",summarization What is the English Premier League?,,The English Premier League is the top flight of English football.,open_qa "Which of these countries is in North America: Canada, China, or Poland",,Canada is located in North America,classification "Given this paragraph about cat's senses, what light level can domestic house cats see at in comparison to human sight?","Cats have excellent night vision and can see at only one-sixth the light level required for human vision.: 43  This is partly the result of cat eyes having a tapetum lucidum, which reflects any light that passes through the retina back into the eye, thereby increasing the eye's sensitivity to dim light. Large pupils are an adaptation to dim light. The domestic cat has slit pupils, which allow it to focus bright light without chromatic aberration. At low light, a cat's pupils expand to cover most of the exposed surface of its eyes. The domestic cat has rather poor color vision and only two types of cone cells, optimized for sensitivity to blue and yellowish green; its ability to distinguish between red and green is limited. A response to middle wavelengths from a system other than the rod cells might be due to a third type of cone. This appears to be an adaptation to low light levels rather than representing true trichromatic vision. Cats also have a nictitating membrane, allowing them to blink without hindering their vision.",Domestic cats are able to see at one-sixth the light level required for human vision.,closed_qa What season does Easter happen during?,,Easter is a Spring holiday,open_qa Who won the 2016 Nobel Prize?,"The word ""autophagy"" was in existence and frequently used from the middle of the 19th century. In its present usage, the term autophagy was coined by Belgian biochemist Christian de Duve in 1963 based on his discovery of the functions of lysosome. The identification of autophagy-related genes in yeast in the 1990s allowed researchers to deduce the mechanisms of autophagy, which eventually led to the award of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Japanese researcher Yoshinori Ohsumi.",The Japanese researcher Yoshinori Ohsumi.,closed_qa "Of the following, identify which are TV shows that originally aired in black-and-white, brands of toothpaste, and places where you can participate in water sports: the beach, The Honeymooners, I Love Lucy, Colgate, Florida, a river, The Munsters, Crest, Aquafresh, a lake, a pool, Rembrandt, The Addams Family",,"TV shows that originally aired in black-and-white: The Honeymooners, I Love Lucy, The Munsters, The Addams Family Toothpaste brands: Crest, Colgate, Aquafresh, Rembrandt Places you can participate in water sports: the beach, Florida, a river, a lake, a pool",classification Who was the first coach of the Seattle SuperSonics?,"On December 20, 1966, Los Angeles businessmen Sam Schulman and Eugene V. Klein, both of whom owned the AFL side San Diego Chargers, and a group of minority partners were awarded an NBA franchise for Seattle, the first major-league sports franchise in the city. Schulman served as the active partner and head of team operations, and named the team SuperSonics as a nod to the city’s ties to the aviation industry, with Boeing's having recently been awarded a contract for an SST project. Seattle SuperSonics began play on October 13, 1967; they were coached by Al Bianchi, and included All-Star guard Walt Hazzard and All-Rookie Team members Bob Rule and Al Tucker. The expansion team debuted in San Francisco with a 144–116 loss in their first game against Golden State Warriors. On October 21, the Seattle team's first win came against the San Diego Rockets in overtime 117–110, and SuperSonics finished the season with a 23–59 record.",Al Bianchi was the first coach.,information_extraction Which NBA player has the most championships in NBA history?,"William Felton ""Bill"" Russell (February 12, 1934 – July 31, 2022) was an American professional basketball player who played as a center for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1956 to 1969. A five-time NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) and a 12-time NBA All-Star, he was the centerpiece of the Celtics dynasty that won 11 NBA championships during his 13-year career.","William Felton ""Bill"" Russell won 11 NBA championships during his 13-year career with the Boston Celtics.",information_extraction Which full-frame mirrorless camera was first available in the market?,"Sony was the first to introduce a full-frame mirrorless camera, the α7, in 2013.",Sony α7 in 2013,closed_qa Which English football team have held the FA cup the longest?,"Portsmouth have the distinction of being the football club which has held the FA Cup trophy for the longest uninterrupted period - seven years. Portsmouth had defeated Wolverhampton Wanderers 4–1 in the 1939 FA Cup Final and were awarded the trophy as 1938–39 FA Cup winners. But with the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, the regular Football League and FA Cup competitions for the 1939–40 season were cancelled for the duration of the war. Portsmouth's manager Jack Tinn was rumoured to have kept the FA Cup trophy 'safe under his bed' throughout the duration of the war, but this is an urban myth. Because the naval city of Portsmouth was a primary strategic military target for German Luftwaffe bombing, the FA Cup trophy was actually taken ten miles to the north of Portsmouth, to the nearby Hampshire village of Lovedean, and there it resided in a quaint thatched roof country pub called The Bird in Hand for the seven years of the war. After the conclusion of World War II, the FA Cup trophy was presented back to the Football Association by the club in time for the 1946 FA Cup Final.",Portsmouth FC,closed_qa "Given this paragraph about Computer Worm history, tell me the name of the earliest computer worm that caused damages to many computers on the Internet and the date when it was unleashed by his creator.","A computer worm is a standalone malware computer program that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers. It often uses a computer network to spread itself, relying on security failures on the target computer to access it. It will use this machine as a host to scan and infect other computers. When these new worm-invaded computers are controlled, the worm will continue to scan and infect other computers using these computers as hosts, and this behaviour will continue. Computer worms use recursive methods to copy themselves without host programs and distribute themselves based on exploiting the advantages of exponential growth, thus controlling and infecting more and more computers in a short time. Worms almost always cause at least some harm to the network, even if only by consuming bandwidth, whereas viruses almost always corrupt or modify files on a targeted computer. Many worms are designed only to spread, and do not attempt to change the systems they pass through. However, as the Morris worm and Mydoom showed, even these ""payload-free"" worms can cause major disruption by increasing network traffic and other unintended effects. History The actual term ""worm"" was first used in John Brunner's 1975 novel, The Shockwave Rider. In the novel, Nichlas Haflinger designs and sets off a data-gathering worm in an act of revenge against the powerful men who run a national electronic information web that induces mass conformity. ""You have the biggest-ever worm loose in the net, and it automatically sabotages any attempt to monitor it. There's never been a worm with that tough a head or that long a tail!"" The second ever computer worm was devised to be an anti-virus software. Named Reaper, it was created by Ray Tomlinson to replicate itself across the ARPANET and delete the experimental Creeper program (the first computer worm, 1971). On November 2, 1988, Robert Tappan Morris, a Cornell University computer science graduate student, unleashed what became known as the Morris worm, disrupting many computers then on the Internet, guessed at the time to be one tenth of all those connected. During the Morris appeal process, the U.S. Court of Appeals estimated the cost of removing the worm from each installation at between $200 and $53,000; this work prompted the formation of the CERT Coordination Center and Phage mailing list. Morris himself became the first person tried and convicted under the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.","The first computer worm publicly known to cause real disruptions and malfunctioning to computers connected to the Internet is known to be the Morris worm, created in 1988 by Robert Morris, a computer science student at Cornell University.",closed_qa What was the first vid on YT?,"YouTube was founded by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. The trio were early employees of PayPal, which left them enriched after the company was bought by eBay. Hurley had studied design at the Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. According to a story that has often been repeated in the media, Hurley and Chen developed the idea for YouTube during the early months of 2005, after they had experienced difficulty sharing videos that had been shot at a dinner party at Chen's apartment in San Francisco. Karim did not attend the party and denied that it had occurred, but Chen remarked that the idea that YouTube was founded after a dinner party ""was probably very strengthened by marketing ideas around creating a story that was very digestible"". Karim said the inspiration for YouTube first came from the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy, when Janet Jackson's breast was briefly exposed by Justin Timberlake during the halftime show. Karim could not easily find video clips of the incident and the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami online, which led to the idea of a video-sharing site. Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. They created posts on Craigslist asking attractive women to upload videos of themselves to YouTube in exchange for a $100 reward. Difficulty in finding enough dating videos led to a change of plans, with the site's founders deciding to accept uploads of any video. The YouTube logo used from its launch until 2007; it returned in 2008 before being removed again in 2010. Another version of this logo without the ""Broadcast Yourself"" slogan was used until 2011. YouTube began as a venture capital–funded technology startup. Between November 2005 and April 2006, the company raised money from various investors, with Sequoia Capital, $11.5 million, and Artis Capital Management, $8 million, being the largest two. YouTube's early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and a Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. In February 2005, the company activated www.youtube.com. The first video was uploaded April 23, 2005. Titled Me at the zoo, it shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo and can still be viewed on the site. In May, the company launched a public beta and by November, a Nike ad featuring Ronaldinho became the first video to reach one million total views. The site launched officially on December 15, 2005, by which time the site was receiving 8 million views a day. Clips at the time were limited to 100 megabytes, as little as 30 seconds of footage. YouTube was not the first video-sharing site on the Internet; Vimeo was launched in November 2004, though that site remained a side project of its developers from CollegeHumor at the time and did not grow much, either. The week of YouTube's launch, NBC-Universal's Saturday Night Live ran a skit ""Lazy Sunday"" by The Lonely Island. Besides helping to bolster ratings and long-term viewership for Saturday Night Live, ""Lazy Sunday""'s status as an early viral video helped establish YouTube as an important website. Unofficial uploads of the skit to YouTube drew in more than five million collective views by February 2006 before they were removed when NBCUniversal requested it two months later based on copyright concerns. Despite eventually being taken down, these duplicate uploads of the skit helped popularize YouTube's reach and led to the upload of more third-party content. The site grew rapidly; in July 2006, the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The choice of the name www.youtube.com led to problems for a similarly named website, www.utube.com. That site's owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube subsequently changed its website to www.utubeonline.com.","The first video uploaded on YouTube is ""Me at the zoo"", showing co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo.",summarization What is SAS language?,,"The SAS language is a computer programming language used for statistical analysis, created by Anthony James Barr at North Carolina State University.",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the well-known superheroes from Marvel comic books.","Marvel Comics is an American comic book publisher and the flagship property of Marvel Entertainment, a division of The Walt Disney Company since September 1, 2009. Evolving from Timely Comics in 1939, Magazine Management/Atlas Comics in 1951 and its predecessor, Marvel Mystery Comics, the Marvel Comics title/name/brand was first used in June 1961. Marvel was started in 1939 by Martin Goodman as Timely Comics, and by 1951 had generally become known as Atlas Comics. The Marvel era began in June 1961 with the launch of The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others. The Marvel brand, which had been used over the years and decades, was solidified as the company's primary brand. Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, Daredevil, Wolverine, Black Panther and Captain Marvel, as well as popular superhero teams such as the Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy. Its stable of well-known supervillains includes the likes of Doctor Doom, Magneto, Ultron, Thanos, Kang the Conqueror, Green Goblin, Galactus, Loki, and Kingpin. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with most locations mirroring real-life places; many major characters are based in New York City, New York, United States. Additionally, Marvel has published several licensed properties from other companies. This includes Star Wars comics twice from 1977 to 1986 and again since 2015.","Well-known superheroes from Marvel include Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, Daredevil, Wolverine, Black Panther, and Captain Marvel. Many Marvel superheroes also are part of teams such as the Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy.",information_extraction "Given this paragraph about Pittsford, New York, what year was the town settled?","The Town of Pittsford (formerly part of the town of Northfield) was settled in 1789 and incorporated in 1796. The Village of Pittsford was incorporated in 1827. It was named by Colonel Caleb Hopkins, War of 1812 hero and subsequently Pittsford Town Supervisor, for the town of his birth, Pittsford, Vermont.",The town of Pittsford was settled in 1789.,closed_qa "Which of the following bodies of water are below sea level: Dead Sea, Lake Ontario, Sea of Galilee, the Hudson Bay, Lake Assal?",,"The Dead Sea, the Sea of Galilee, and Lake Assal are all below sea level.",classification "Given this paragraph about computers, what is the first RISC system?","Michael J. Flynn views the first RISC system as the IBM 801 design, begun in 1975 by John Cocke and completed in 1980. The 801 developed out of an effort to build a 24-bit high-speed processor to use as the basis for a digital telephone switch. To reach their goal of switching 1 million calls per hour (300 per second) they calculated that the CPU required performance on the order of 12 million instructions per second (MIPS), compared to their fastest mainframe machine of the time, the 370/168, which performed at 3.5 MIPS.","The first RISC system was the IBM 801, started in 1975 and completed in 1980.",closed_qa write a short essay fire fighters working on California wild fires,,"The wildfires that rage through California every year are some of the most destructive and dangerous natural disasters that the state faces. The firefighters who work tirelessly to control these fires are some of the bravest and most dedicated professionals in the world. Firefighters working on California wildfires are faced with enormous challenges. The fires can spread quickly, fueled by strong winds and dry conditions, and can be difficult to control. Firefighters often work long hours in dangerous conditions, battling flames that can reach hundreds of feet high. Despite the risks, California's firefighters are highly trained and equipped with state-of-the-art technology to help them do their jobs. They use a range of tools, from helicopters and bulldozers to chainsaws and shovels, to contain the fires and prevent them from spreading. Firefighters working on California wildfires come from all over the state and sometimes from other states as well. They work together in teams, coordinating their efforts to make the most effective use of resources and manpower. They work not just to control the fires, but also to help people who have been affected by them, offering shelter and support to those who have lost their homes or businesses. The bravery and dedication of California's firefighters cannot be overstated. They put their lives on the line to protect others, working tirelessly to control fires that threaten entire communities. Their work is essential to the safety and well-being of the state's residents, and they are rightly celebrated as heroes for their efforts.",creative_writing Randy Couture was one of how many fighters over the age of 40 to have won a UFC championship?,"Couture has competed in a record 16 title fights. He is tied for the record for the most wins in UFC Heavyweight Championship bouts (6) with former UFC Heavyweight champion Stipe Miocic. He had the most title reigns in the UFC, with six. His last fight with Lyoto Machida marked his 24th fight in the UFC. He is the fourth member of the UFC Hall of Fame. He is one of only 2 over the age of 40 to have won a UFC championship fight, having done so four times. He is one of the few MMA champions to regain a title he had lost, and the only to have done it three times (twice at heavyweight, once at light heavyweight).",Randy Couture was one of two fighters over the age of 40 that won a UFC championship fight.,closed_qa How many cycling world championships has Peter Sagan won?,"Sagan is considered one of cycling's greatest talents, having earned many prestigious victories, including three consecutive World Championships, one European Championship, two Paris–Nice stages, seven Tirreno–Adriatico stages, one in the Tour de Romandie, three and the overall classification in the Tour de Pologne, a record seventeen stages and the overall in the Tour of California, and another fifteen in the Tour de Suisse.",Sagan has won three consecutive cycling world championships,closed_qa What is an isotherm?,"An isotherm is a line that connects points on a map that have the same temperature. Therefore, all points through which an isotherm passes have the same or equal temperatures at the time indicated. An isotherm at 0 °C is called the freezing level. The term was coined by the Prussian geographer and naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, who as part of his research into the geographical distribution of plants published the first map of isotherms in Paris, in 1817.",An isotherm is a line that connects points on a map that have the same temperature.,summarization What are some fun and inexpensive things to do with kids during the summer?,,"Here are a few ideas for things to do with kids to do with kids in the summer that are inexpensive: 1. Go for a picnic 2. Go for a bike ride 3. Go for a hike 4. Go swimming in a pool or a lake. But do take necessary precautions and be safe. 5. Camping 6. Go to a water park. 7. Go to a park or a splash pad There are many such things that are inexpensive or even free that one could do with kids during the summer.",brainstorming What is a good way to get around without a car?,,"If you live in a city you can access public transport such as buses and trains. You can also walk, use a bicycle, or electric scooter to get around.",brainstorming What do you love most about spring?,,I love the weather in spring and how the sun shines brighter. The warmth feels so good after you’ve had a cold winter. I love to see the flowers blooming and to feel the crisp morning air. Spring is a special time and makes you know that summer is near.,brainstorming How good as a pianist is Yeol Eum Son,"Yeol Eum Son (born May 2, 1986, in Wonju, South Korea) is a South Korean classical pianist. She first drew international attention in October 2004 at age 18 when she appeared as a soloist performing Liszt Piano Concerto No. 1 with the New York Philharmonic under the baton of Lorin Maazel on their Asia tour in Seoul, Daejeon, and Tokyo. Son again performed with Maazel and the New York Philharmonic when they returned to the Seoul Arts Center in February 2008, this time as soloist for Beethoven Piano Concerto No. 2. Her awards include Silver Medals at both the Thirteenth Van Cliburn International Piano Competition (2009) and 2011 International Tchaikovsky Competition, where she also received the Best Chamber Concerto Performance and the Best Performance of the Commissioned Work prizes. She also won the Bronze Medal at the Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition (2005) ","Yeol Eum Son (born May 2, 1986, in Wonju, South Korea) is a South Korean classical pianist. She first drew international attention in October 2004 at age 18 when she appeared as a soloist performing Liszt Piano Concerto No. 1 with the New York Philharmonic under the baton of Lorin Maazel on their Asia tour in Seoul, Daejeon, and Tokyo. Son again performed with Maazel and the New York Philharmonic when they returned to the Seoul Arts Center in February 2008, this time as soloist for Beethoven Piano Concerto No. 2. Her awards include Silver Medals at both the Thirteenth Van Cliburn International Piano Competition (2009) and 2011 International Tchaikovsky Competition, where she also received the Best Chamber Concerto Performance and the Best Performance of the Commissioned Work prizes. She also won the Bronze Medal at the Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition (2005)",summarization "Given this paragraph about Harold Brainerd Hersey, what did he do and when were his observations published?","Harold Brainerd Hersey (April 11, 1893 – March 1956) was an American pulp editor and publisher, publishing several volumes of poetry. His pulp industry observations were published in hardback as Pulpwood Editor (1937).",Harold Brainerd Herse was an American pulp editor and publisher. His observations were published in 1937.,closed_qa Why was the show Curb Your Enthusiasm so popular?,,"Curb Your Enthusiasm was popular for its unique brand of humor and for its ability to capture the nuances of everyday life. The show was also well-received for its depiction of a wide range of different characters and situations, from the struggles of a struggling actor to the dysfunctional relationships of a married couple. The show also offered a unique take on the idea of success, as Larry David often explored the idea of what it means to achieve success in the modern world.",brainstorming What are some dishes that avocados can be used in?,,"Avocados are a delicious creamy fruit that can be used in a variety of dishes and in cooking. Avocados can be sliced up and added into salads, or they can be mashed up and spread on toast to make avocado toast. Avocados are also the main ingredient in guacamole. They can also be diced into small cubes and added into poke. Some people also blend avocados and put them into smoothies, or use it in desserts as a healthier alternative ingredient.",brainstorming How was the Iraqi embassy in Beirut destroyed?,"1981 Iraqi embassy bombing in Beirut Article Talk Read Edit View history Tools From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from 1981 Iraqi embassy bombing) Iraqi embassy bombing in Beirut Part of Lebanese Civil War and spillover of the Iran–Iraq War Location Beirut, Lebanon Coordinates 33°52′31″N 35°29′03″ECoordinates: 33°52′31″N 35°29′03″E Date December 15, 1981; 41 years ago Attack type Suicide car bomb Deaths 61 Injured 100+ Perpetrator Al-Dawa vte Lebanese Civil War vte Iran–Iraq War On December 15, 1981, the Iraqi Shi'a Islamist group al-Dawa carried out a suicide car bombing targeting the Iraqi embassy in Beirut, Lebanon. The explosion leveled the embassy and killed 61 people, including Iraq's ambassador to Lebanon, and injured at least 100 others. The attack is considered by some to be the second modern suicide bombing, preceded by the 1927 Bath School bombings and presaged the 1983 United States embassy bombing and the 1983 Beirut barracks bombings. Background Emboldened by the success of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the anti-Baathist Shi'a Islamist group al-Dawa, with financial and military assistance from the Islamic Republic of Iran, began to employ violence in its struggle against the Iraqi government. In 1979 and 1980, al-Dawa assassinated a number of ""senior but low-profile"" Baathist officials in Iraq. In response to a failed assassination attempt on Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz in April 1980 by al-Dawa, the Iraqi government launched a severe crackdown on the group, which included the execution of al-Dawa spiritual leader Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr. The remaining al-Dawa leadership fled to Iran and the group became an ""effective proxy"" for the Iranian government against Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War, which broke out in September 1980. Bombing On December 15, 1981, a car filled with approximately 100 kilograms of explosives was driven into Iraq's embassy building in Beirut by a suicide bomber. The ensuing explosion devastated the embassy, killed 61 people, including the Iraq ambassador, Abdul Razzak Lafta, and injured more than 100 others. Balqis al-Rawi, the Iraqi wife of Syrian poet Nizar Qabbani, who worked for the embassy's cultural section, was also killed in the attack. Impact The attack, which presaged the 1983 United States embassy bombing and the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing, is considered by some to be the first modern suicide bombing, though others nominate earlier attacks.","On December 15, 1981, a car filled with approximately 100 kilograms of explosives was driven into Iraq's embassy building in Beirut by a suicide bomber. The ensuing explosion devastated the embassy, killed 61 people, including the Iraq ambassador, Abdul Razzak Lafta, and injured more than 100 others.",closed_qa What was the first full-length animated movie that Disney released?,,"""Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs"" was the first full-length animated Disney movie, released in 1937.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about the 2011 NBA Finals, who won the championship and the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player award?","In the 2011 NBA Finals, Dallas once again faced the Miami Heat, which had acquired All-Stars LeBron James and Chris Bosh before the season began. During a Game 1 loss in Miami, Nowitzki tore a tendon in his left middle finger; however, MRIs were negative, and Nowitzki vowed that the injury would not be a factor. In Game 2, he led a Dallas rally from an 88–73 fourth-quarter deficit, making a driving left-handed layup over Bosh to tie the series at 1. Miami took a 2–1 series lead after Nowitzki missed a potential game-tying shot at the end of Game 3. Despite carrying a 101 °F (38 °C) fever in Game 4, he hit the winning basket to tie the series yet again at 2, evoking comparisons to Michael Jordan's ""Flu Game"" against Utah in the 1997 NBA Finals. Dallas went on to win the next two games, with Nowitzki scoring 10 fourth-quarter points in the series-clinching game in Miami. The championship was the first in the history of the franchise. Nowitzki was named NBA Finals Most Valuable Player.",The Dallas Mavericks won the 2011 NBA championship and the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player award was given to Dirk Nowitzki.,closed_qa What are ways to calm myself down when I get upset?,,"If you become upset or agitated, a great way to calm down is take a deep breath, like a “dragon breath.” Breathe in as deeply as you can and then breathe out slowly. Repeat this several times. You can also lay on the floor for several minutes. Laying on the floor can be particularly grounding. Another way to relax when you get upset is to go outside and look at the sky or a body of water if you can get to one. Look for a flying bird, or focus on a small flower or piece of grass. A long walk can also help calm you down.",open_qa What is the name of the family at the centre of the TV show Succession?,"Succession is an American satirical black comedy-drama television series created by Jesse Armstrong. It premiered on June 3, 2018, on HBO. The series centers on the Roy family, the owners of Waystar RoyCo, a global media and entertainment conglomerate, who are fighting for control of the company amid uncertainty about the health of the family's patriarch, Logan Roy (Brian Cox). The series has been renewed for a fourth and final season, which premiered on March 26, 2023.","Succession centres on the Roy family, the owners of Waystar RoyCo",closed_qa What is a mediterranean diet?,,"The mediterranean diet consists of traditional foods from countries bordering the mediterranean sea, such as Greece, France, and Italy. The diet typically contains fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lentils, nuts, and seeds. Extra-virgin olive oil is a typical source of healthy fats. The diet does not contain heavily processed foods, products with added sugar, or large amounts of unhealthy fats as found in butter, red meat, and cheese.",open_qa Extract the type of animals that a wolf would feed on,"Of all members of the genus Canis, the wolf is most specialized for cooperative game hunting as demonstrated by its physical adaptations to tackling large prey, its more social nature, and its highly advanced expressive behaviour, including individual or group howling. It travels in nuclear families consisting of a mated pair accompanied by their offspring. Offspring may leave to form their own packs on the onset of sexual maturity and in response to competition for food within the pack. Wolves are also territorial, and fights over territory are among the principal causes of mortality. The wolf is mainly a carnivore and feeds on large wild hooved mammals as well as smaller animals, livestock, carrion, and garbage. Single wolves or mated pairs typically have higher success rates in hunting than do large packs. Pathogens and parasites, notably rabies virus, may infect wolves.","A wolf would feed on large wild hooved mammals as well as smaller animals, livestock, carrion, and garbage",information_extraction What does the Romantic Novelists' Association do?,"The Romantic Novelists' Association (RNA) is the professional body that represents authors of romantic fiction in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1960 by Denise Robins (first president), Barbara Cartland (first vice-president), Vivian Stuart (first elected chairman), and other authors including Elizabeth Goudge, Netta Muskett, Catherine Cookson, Rosamunde Pilcher and Lucilla Andrews. The RNA has a membership approaching 1000, composed of authors and publishing professionals. It promotes and celebrates excellence in romantic fiction across all sub-genres. It offers a programme of events throughout the year including an annual conference and workshops/seminars on aspects of writing craft and the publishing industry. The organisations also supports a number of regional chapters, who meet regularly to discuss issues of concern to writers of romantic fiction. The organisation also runs the New Writers' Scheme, under which unpublished authors receive an appraisal of their work from an experienced member of the Association. Netta Muskett was co-founder and vice-president of the association and the Netta Muskett Award for new writers, now called the RNA New Writers Scheme, was created in her honour. Many of its members are best-selling and award-winning international authors and also speakers and creative writing tutors.","The Romantic Novelists' Association is a membership organization with roughly 1000 authors of romantic fiction and publishing professionals that organizes events throughout the year. The RNA holds an annual conference and workshops on writing craft and the publishing industry and is also known for its New Writers' Scheme, which allows unpublished authors to have their work reviewed by experienced members of the organization.",summarization Summarize Clemson University to me,"Clemson University (/ˈklɛmp.sən, ˈklɛm.zən/[note a]) is a public land-grant research university in Clemson, South Carolina. Founded in 1889, Clemson is the second-largest university by enrollment in South Carolina. For the fall 2019 semester, the university enrolled a total of 20,195 undergraduate students and 5,627 graduate students, and the student/faculty ratio was 18:1. Clemson's 1,400-acre campus is in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The campus now borders Lake Hartwell, which was formed by the dam completed in 1962. The university manages the nearby 17,500-acre Clemson Experimental Forest that is used for research, education, and recreation. Clemson University consists of seven colleges: Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences; Architecture, Arts and Humanities; The Wilbur O. and Ann Powers College of Business; Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences; Education; Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences; and Science. U.S. News & World Report ranks Clemson University 77th for 2022 among national U.S. universities. Clemson University is classified among ""R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity.""[12","Clemson University is based in the upstate of South Carolina in a town called Clemson. It was founded in 1889 and is the 2nd largest university in South Carolina. Clemson University consists of seven colleges: Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences; Architecture, Arts and Humanities; The Wilbur O. and Ann Powers College of Business; Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences; Education; Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences; and Science. Clemson ranks 77th for 2022 among national U.S. universities.",summarization Who is Romulo Gallegos?,"Rómulo Ángel del Monte Carmelo Gallegos Freire (2 August 1884 – 5 April 1969) was a Venezuelan novelist and politician. For a period of nine months during 1948, he governed as the first freely elected president in Venezuela's history. He was removed from power by military officers in the 1948 Venezuelan coup.","Rómulo Ángel del Monte Carmelo Gallegos Freire (2 August 1884 – 5 April 1969) was a Venezuelan novelist and politician. For a period of nine months during 1948, he governed as the first freely elected president in Venezuela's history. He was removed from power by military officers in the 1948 Venezuelan coup. Rómulo Gallegos is considered the most relevant Venezuelan novelist of the 20th century, and a prominent figure in Latin American literature.",information_extraction Is having a board of directors important,,yes,open_qa Tell me about the Schoenbrunn Palace,"Schönbrunn Palace (German: Schloss Schönbrunn [ˈʃlɔs ʃøːnˈbʁʊn] (listen); Central Bavarian: Schloss Scheenbrunn) was the main summer residence of the Habsburg rulers, located in Hietzing, Vienna. The name Schönbrunn (meaning ""beautiful spring"") has its roots in an artesian well from which water was consumed by the court. The 1,441-room Rococo palace is one of the most important architectural, cultural, and historic monuments in the country. The history of the palace and its vast gardens spans over 300 years, reflecting the changing tastes, interests, and aspirations of successive Habsburg monarchs. It has been a major tourist attraction since the mid-1950s.","Schoenbrunn Palace was the main summer residence of the Habsburg rulers, located in Hietzing, Vienna. The name Schoenbrunn (meaning ""beautiful spring"") has its roots in an artesian well from which water was consumed by the court. The 1,441-room Rococo palace is one of the most important architectural, cultural, and historic monuments in the country.",summarization How many cities in the world have a population exceeding 5 million people ?,There are 81 cities in the world with a population exceeding 5 million people.,"There are 81 cities in the world with a population exceeding 5 million people, according to 2018 estimates by the United Nations. The U.N. figures include a mixture of city proper, metropolitan area, and urban area.",information_extraction What is the Genomie Aggregation Databaise (genomAD)?,,"The Genome Aggregation Database (genomAD) is a large-scale database of genetic variation data that aggregates and harmonizes genetic data from multiple population genetics studies. The database was created by the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard in collaboration with other research institutions, and it contains genomic data from over 140,000 individuals from diverse populations around the world. The goal of genomAD is to provide a comprehensive resource for the study of genetic variation, allowing researchers to identify rare and common variants, assess their frequency in different populations, and analyze their potential effects on human health and disease. GenomAD includes both exome and whole-genome sequencing data, and it is widely used in genomics research and clinical genomics applications.",open_qa What is the name of the famous park in New York City?,,Central Park,open_qa What was the purpose of the Security Exchange Act of 1934?,"The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (also called the Exchange Act, '34 Act, or 1934 Act) (Pub. L. 73–291, 48 Stat. 881, enacted June 6, 1934, codified at 15 U.S.C. § 78a et seq.) is a law governing the secondary trading of securities (stocks, bonds, and debentures) in the United States of America. A landmark of wide-ranging legislation, the Act of '34 and related statutes form the basis of regulation of the financial markets and their participants in the United States. The 1934 Act also established the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the agency primarily responsible for enforcement of United States federal securities law. Companies raise billions of dollars by issuing securities in what is known as the primary market. Contrasted with the Securities Act of 1933, which regulates these original issues, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 regulates the secondary trading of those securities between persons often unrelated to the issuer, frequently through brokers or dealers. Trillions of dollars are made and lost each year through trading in the secondary market.",The purpose of the Security Exchange Act (SEA) of 1934 in the United States was to regulate the secondary trading market of securities like stocks and bonds between persons unrelated to the issuer. This act also created the Securities and Exchange commission (SEC) that enforces United States federal securities law.,summarization "Given this paragraph about Drangajökull, tell me where it's located.","Drangajökull (pronounced [ˈtrauŋkaˌjœːkʏtl̥], regionally also [ˈtraŋk-]) is the northernmost glacier of Iceland. It is situated southwest of the peninsula Hornstrandir in the Westfjords region. The glacier covers an area of 160–200 km2 (62–77 sq mi), at an altitude of up to 925 m (3,035 ft). It is the only Icelandic glacier which lies entirely below an altitude of 1000 metres and also the only one that has not shrunk in recent years.",Drangajökull is located in Iceland in the Westfjords region.,closed_qa Where is the home country of Joan of Arc?,,France,open_qa Who found and named Devil's Garden?,"In the early 1920s, an immigrant prospector from Hungary named Alexander Ringhoffer came across the Klondike Bluffs, a similar area with fins and arches to the west of Salt Valley, which he named Devil's Garden. Ringhoffer contacted officials at the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad to determine whether the land could become a tourist attraction. The railroad company realized the lucrative potential of the area and contacted the National Park Service to consider making it a national monument. President Herbert Hoover signed an executive order on April 12, 1929 that created Arches National Monument. The monument originally consisted of two parts: the Windows and Devils Garden, with the latter name being taken from Ringhoffer's name for the Klondike Bluffs, an area not initially included in the park. Arches remained a national monument until 1971 when Congress passed a bill that re-designated it as a national park.",Alexander Ringhoffer came across the area that he then named Devil's Garden.,information_extraction Who is the first astronaut to get into space in China?,"In 2003, Yang Liwei was launched aboard Shenzhou 5, becoming the first person sent into space by the Chinese space program. This achievement made China the third country to independently send humans into space.","Yang Liwei, who reached space in 2003 onboard the Shenzhou 5 space ship, is the first astronaut in China to reach space.",closed_qa "Given a reference text about multiple myeloma, tell me the risk factors and the cause of the disease.","Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma and simply myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies. Often, no symptoms are noticed initially. As it progresses, bone pain, anemia, kidney dysfunction, and infections may occur. Complications may include amyloidosis. The cause of multiple myeloma is unknown. Risk factors include obesity, radiation exposure, family history, and certain chemicals. There is an increased risk of multiple myeloma in certain occupations. This is due to the occupational exposure to aromatic hydrocarbon solvents having a role in causation of multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma may develop from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance that progresses to smoldering myeloma. The abnormal plasma cells produce abnormal antibodies, which can cause kidney problems and overly thick blood. The plasma cells can also form a mass in the bone marrow or soft tissue. When one tumor is present, it is called a plasmacytoma; more than one is called multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is diagnosed based on blood or urine tests finding abnormal antibodies, bone marrow biopsy finding cancerous plasma cells, and medical imaging finding bone lesions. Another common finding is high blood calcium levels.","Although the cause of multiple myeloma is not known, risk factors for developing the disease are obesity, radiation exposure, family history, and exposure to certain chemicals.",closed_qa Who was John Moses Browning?,"John Moses Browning (January 23, 1855 – November 26, 1926) was an American firearm designer who developed many varieties of military and civilian firearms, cartridges, and gun mechanisms – many of which are still in use around the world. He made his first firearm at age 13 in his father's gun shop and was awarded the first of his 128 firearm patents on October 7, 1879, at the age of 24. He is regarded as one of the most successful firearms designers of the 19th and 20th centuries and pioneered the development of modern repeating, semi-automatic, and automatic firearms. Browning influenced nearly all categories of firearms design, especially the autoloading of ammunition. He invented, or made significant improvements to, single-shot, lever-action, and pump-action rifles and shotguns. He developed the first reliable and compact autoloading pistols by inventing the telescoping bolt, then integrating the bolt and barrel shroud into what is known as the pistol slide. Browning's telescoping bolt design is now found on nearly every modern semi-automatic pistol, as well as several modern fully automatic weapons. He also developed the first gas-operated firearm, the Colt–Browning Model 1895 machine gun – a system that surpassed mechanical recoil operation to become the standard for most high-power self-loading firearm designs worldwide. He also made significant contributions to automatic cannon development. Browning's most successful designs include the M1911 pistol, the water-cooled M1917, the air-cooled M1919, and heavy M2 machine guns, the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle, and the Browning Auto-5 – the first semi-automatic shotgun. Some of these arms are still manufactured, often with only minor changes in detail and cosmetics to those assembled by Browning or his licensees. The Browning-designed M1911 and Hi-Power are some of the most copied firearms in the world.","John Moses Browning is one of the most well-known designer of modern firearms. He started building firearms in his father's shop at the age of 13, and was awarded his first patent when he was 24. He designed the first reliable automatic pistol, and the first gas-operated firearm, as well inventing or improving single-shot, lever-action, and pump-action rifles and shotguns. Today, he is most well-known for the M1911 pistol, the Browning Automatic Rifle, and the Auto-5 shotgun, all of which are in still in current production in either their original design, or with minor changes. His M1911 and Hi-Power pistols designs are some of the most reproduced firearms in the world today.",information_extraction Given the paragraph what are the recommended places to visit in Las Vegas?,"The Las Vegas Strip is a stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard South in Clark County, Nevada, that is known for its concentration of resort hotels and casinos. The Strip, as it is known, is about 4.2 mi (6.8 km) long, and is immediately south of the Las Vegas city limits in the unincorporated towns of Paradise and Winchester, but is often referred to simply as ""Las Vegas"". Many of the largest hotel, casino, and resort properties in the world are on the Strip, known for its contemporary architecture, lights, and wide variety of attractions. Its hotels, casinos, restaurants, residential high-rises, entertainment offerings, and skyline have established the Strip as one of the most popular and iconic tourist destinations in the world and is one of the driving forces for Las Vegas's economy. Most of the Strip has been designated as an All-American Road, and the North and South Las Vegas Strip routes are classified as Nevada Scenic Byways and National Scenic Byways.","The Strip is a recommended destination in Las Vegas. It's a boulevard lined with some of the largest hotels, casinos, and resort properties in the city.",summarization In what century was the airplane commercialized?,,Commercial airplanes became available in the 20th century,open_qa Which sport is the most popular worldwide?,,Football (called soccer is US) is the most popular sport worldwide. The FIFA World cup is being watched by millions of people around the world.,open_qa "Given this paragraph about a Tree well, why is it so dangerous for hikers, snowboarder, skiers and any snow practitioners","A tree well, also known as a spruce trap, is the space around a tree under its branches that does not get the same amount of snow as the surrounding open space. This creates a void or area of loose snow below the branches and around the trunk that is dangerous to any hikers, snowshoers, skiers, snowboarders, and snowmobilers who fall into them. If someone lands in such a well, often as a result of a fall, it can be too deep for them to climb up the surrounding loose snow before they are buried. Making the situation more dangerous, they often fall into the well head-first and as the result of an accident which could leave them injured or unconscious","It is dangerous because it creates an area of loose snow below the branches and around the trunk, and when someone will fall into this area it can be too deep for this person to climb up before they are buried. Another dangerous aspect is the fact that they could fall head-first which could leave them injured or unconscious.",closed_qa Where did the bishop live after 1801?,"He was named bishop of Saint-Omer on 29 June 1775, then bishop of Carcassonne in 1778. In 1788, he became the Archbishop of Bourges. A deputy to Estates-General of 1789, on the French Revolution he emigrated to Wolfenbüttel, where he lived with the archbishop of Rheims, Talleyrand-Périgord. The 1801 Concordat between France and the Pope forced him to resign, but allowed him to return to Rabastens, where he then lived until his death.","The bishop lived in Rabastens after 1801, where he resided until his death, after being forced to resign by the pope.",information_extraction "Given this paragraph about the Pearl Mill Village Historic District, tell me where it is located.","Pearl Mill Village Historic District is a national historic district located at Durham, Durham County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 26 contributing residential buildings built by owners of Pearl Cotton Mills. The mill village dwellings are either two-story duplex type built about 1905 or a one-story bungalow constructed about 1924.","The Pearl Mill Village Historic District is in Durham, North Carolina.",closed_qa Write the first paragraph of a post from an alum describing the appeal of attending UC Berkeley for an undergraduate degree.,,"UC Berkeley, the number 1 public university in the nation, is a top choice for many prospective undergraduate applicants. UC Berkeley is home to some of the best researchers and teachers in their fields in areas such as Computer Science, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Economics, opening access for students to take advantage of this wealth of educational opportunities that is hard to come by in other places. The academic rigor and independence afforded to you prepares you well for future careers or schooling. The mild year-round weather and location in the heart of the Bay Area, a hub of innovation, allows students access to some of the best climates and locales around the nation. Berkeley is a very special place and I am very happy to have been able to study there.",creative_writing Summarize what Alpha Phi is.,"Alpha Phi International Women's Fraternity (ΑΦ, also known as APhi) is an international sorority with 172 active chapters and over 250,000 initiated members. Founded at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York on September 18, 1872, it is the fourth Greek-letter organization founded for women, and the first women's fraternity founded in the northeast. Alpha Phi is a member of the National Panhellenic Conference, the governing council of 26 women's fraternities. Alpha Phi's international headquarters are located in Evanston, Illinois.","Alpha Phi is one of the first women's fraternities founded in the Northeast. They have over 172 active chapters at College campuses and over 250,000 initiated members. Alpha Phi was founded at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York on September 18, 1872.",summarization "From the below text about MS Dhoni, tell me what they were most famous for?","MS Dhoni, is a former Indian cricketer and captain of the Indian national team in limited-overs formats from 2007 to 2017 and in Test cricket from 2008 to 2014, who plays as a Wicket-keeper-Batsman. He is also the current captain of Chennai Super Kings in the Indian Premier League. Under his captaincy, India won the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, the 2011 Cricket World Cup, and the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy, the most by any captain. He also led India to victory in the 2010 and 2016 Asia Cup. Additionally, under his leadership, India won the 2010 and 2011 ICC Test Mace and 2013 ICC ODI Championship. Dhoni is a right-handed wicket-keeper batsman known for his calm captaincy and his ability to finish matches in tight situations. He has scored 17,266 runs in International Cricket (including 10,000 plus runs in ODI Internationals) and is considered one of the best finishers in the game, as well as one of the greatest wicket-keepers and captains in the history of cricket.","MS Dhoni is a former cricketer and captain of the Indian national team. He is most famously known for leading India to victory in 2007 ICC World Twenty20, the 2011 Cricket World Cup and the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy. He is also known for his calm captaincy and considered as one of the best finishers and greatest wicket-keepers in the history of the game.",closed_qa "Jing is a 46-year-old male. He is an insurance executive who is married with two children. Jing is active in his church and plays golf on the weekends. He went to see his cardiologist because he experienced recent fatigue with chest pain on exertion. He has never smoked but he consumes 1 to 2 alcoholic drinks per day. His medical history reveals a blood cholesterol level of 260 mg%, a triglyceride level of 198 mg% and an HDL-C value of 43 mg%. Considering his sex, age, symptoms, and risk factors, can you reason about the likelihood of Jing having coronary heart disease?",,"Considering his sex, Jing is male, and men are generally at greater risk of coronary artery disease. Age is also a risk factor, as getting older increases his risk of damaged arteries. Additionally, he has experienced angina, which can be a common symptom of coronary artery disease. He also has high cholesterol, and high triglyceride levels. He also consumes alcohol at high levels. All this in consideration, Jing has a good likelihood of having some degree of coronary heart disease.",brainstorming "Why is Lafayette, California such an appealing place to live?",,"Lafayette, California is a small that is about a 30-minute drive, east of San Francisco in Contra Costa County. To get to Lafayette from San Francisco, you have to drive through a tunnel in the Sibley Volcanic Preserve. Lafayette has a small downtown area with cheery stores, restaurants and coffee shops. It is home to about 25,000 residents and it is very walkable and easy to access public transportation. The weather in Lafayette is considered to be a Mediterranean climate, so it is generally warm and sunny. There is a beautiful reservoir with a walking trail, paddle boats and a well-known lookout tower. The schools are considered to be some of the top schools in California, which makes the area very appealing for families.",creative_writing Write the first paragraph of a blog post describing the appeal of Boston as a tourist destination,,"Boston is a vibrant city with a rich history, incredible architecture, and diverse culture. Its cobblestone streets, charming neighborhoods, and vibrant nightlife make it an ideal destination for visitors. From the Freedom Trail to the Boston Common, Boston offers visitors a unique experience unlike any other. From historic sites to vibrant nightlife, Boston is a great place to visit and explore. The suburbs are great too.",creative_writing What is Brownism?,"In British politics, Brownism is the political ideology of the former Prime Minister and leader of the Labour Party Gordon Brown and those that follow him. Proponents of Brownism are referred to as Brownites. Brownites tend to be less enthusiastic about market driven reforms such as tuition fees and foundation hospitals and more keen on the role of the state, less critical of Labour's links to the unions and critical of media management techniques such as the use of spin doctors. Will Hutton opined: ""Like Tony Blair [Gordon Brown] is a believer in a pluralist and fair society, social mobility, and marrying economic efficiency with social justice"".","In British politics, Brownism is the political ideology of the former Prime Minister and leader of the Labour Party Gordon Brown and those that follow him. Brownites tend to be less enthusiastic about market driven reforms such as tuition fees and foundation hospitals and more keen on the role of the state, less critical of Labour's links to the unions and critical of media management techniques such as the use of spin doctors",closed_qa "Who were the original members of the Pivit band, and how many albums did they record?","Pivit is an American punk rock band hailing from Poway and Cardiff, California, formed in late 1994 by original drummer Mark McLemore, lead singer Chris Moore, and guitarist Eric Sisson in San Diego County, California. In 1995, they recorded their first demo entitled Find the Fuzz. Eventually they produced 3 albums together, Pressure in 1996, Millennium in 1998 and finally Thanks for Coming Back in 2002.","The original members were Mark McLemore on drums, lead singer Chris Moore, and guitarist Eric Sisson. They produced 3 albums together.",summarization Write a brief passage arguing for wearing fanny packs when walking around town.,,"A fanny pack, otherwise known as a belt bag or waist pack, is a functional and fashionable item to wear while going around town. It can hold any items essential to make your day comfortable, such as keys, a wallet, sunglasses, snacks, lip balm, or others. It's especially useful for when your clothes either don't have pockets, or don't have pockets large enough to fit everything you'd like to bring. In the past, fanny packs were considered ugly and bulky, but in recent times, fanny packs have become quite fashionable; luxury brands have started selling fanny packs and fashion magazine outfits often incorporate a fanny pack slung around a shoulder or around the waist. Overall, fanny packs are a capable item that is sure to improve your experience when talking a walk.",creative_writing "Based on this information given, what groups combined to create the New JEWEL Movement, and on what date were they organized by which leader?","The New JEWEL Movement (NJM) was formally established on 11 March 1973 as an alliance of the Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation (JEWEL), Organization for Revolutionary Education and Liberation, and the Movement for Assemblies of the People (MAP), led by young lawyer Maurice Bishop. The NJM's initial manifesto was largely drafted by MAP's major intellectual, Franklyn Harvey, who had been heavily influenced by the writings of C.L.R. James. From 1973 to 1979, the NJM was an opposition political party active in Grenada. During the 1970s, the political situation in Grenada became increasingly polarized and violent. For the 1976 general elections the organisation formed an electoral coalition known as the People's Alliance with the Grenada National Party and the United People's Party. However, the alliance lost to the ruling Grenada United Labour Party in elections which were branded fraudulent by international observers. In the late 1970s, the NJM formed the National Liberation Army (NLA), also known as ""the 12 Apostles"".","On March 11th 1973, Maurice Bishop brought together the Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation (JEWEL), Organization for Revolutionary Education and Liberation, and the Movement for Assemblies of the People to form the New JEWEL Movement.",closed_qa "From the article, tell me why the trail beneath the Landscape Arch has been closed.","Landscape Arch is a natural arch in Arches National Park, Utah, United States. It is among the longest natural rock arches in the world. The arch is among many in the Devils Garden area in the north of the park. Landscape Arch was named by Frank Beckwith who explored the area in the winter of 1933–1934 as the leader of an Arches National Monument scientific expedition. The arch can be reached by a 0.8 mi (1.3 km) graded gravel trail. The Natural Arch and Bridge Society (NABS) considers Landscape Arch the fifth longest natural arch in the world, after four arches in China. In 2004, the span of Landscape Arch was measured at 290.1 ft (88.4 m), ±0.8 ft (0.24 m), with a height of 77.5 ft (23.6 m). NABS measured the span of the slightly shorter Kolob Arch in Zion National Park at 287 ft (87 m) in 2006. The most recent recorded rockfall events occurred in the 1990s when one large slab fell in 1991 and then two additional large rockfalls occurred in 1995. Since the rockfalls, the trail beneath the arch has been closed.",The trail beneath the Landscape Arch has been closed because of rockfall events. The most recent recorded rockfall events occurred in the 1990s when one large slab fell in 1991 and then two additional large rockfalls occurred in 1995.,information_extraction How many soccer teams are in the English Premier League?,,The English Premier League consists of 20 teams.,open_qa What is Autism and how varied is the spectrum?,"The autism spectrum, often referred to as just autism, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or sometimes autism spectrum condition (ASC), identifies a loosely defined cluster of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by challenges in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and often repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. Other common features include unusual responses to sensory stimuli and a preference for sameness or unusual adherence to routines. Autism is generally understood to be a spectrum disorder, as it can manifest differently in each person: any autistic individual is likely to show some, but not all, of the characteristics associated with it, and the person may exhibit them to varying degrees and frequencies.There is large variation in the support needs of autistic people, and some are nonspeaking, while others have proficient spoken language.","Autism is a highly variable neurodevelopmental disorder that is generally thought to cover a broad and deep spectrum, manifesting very differently from one person to another. Some have high support needs, may be non-speaking, and experience developmental delays; this is more likely with other co-existing diagnoses. Others have relatively low support needs; they may have more typical speech-language and intellectual skills but atypical social/conversation skills, narrowly focused interests, and wordy, pedantic communication.They may still require significant support in some areas of their lives. The spectrum model should not be understood as a continuum running from mild to severe, but instead means that autism can present very differently in each individual.How a person presents can depend on context, and may vary over time.",closed_qa "Which of these actions should we do and not to do in case of security incidents? deleting forensic artefacts, hiding the security incident, informing the security team.",,"In case of security incidents, first you need to inform the security team. It is important to not delete any forensic artefacts or files so the security team can check what has happened. Hiding the security incident can have serious consequences for the company and should not be done.",classification What is the oldest ballpark in Major League Baseball?,,"The oldest ballpark in Major League Baseball is Fenway Park in Boston, which was build in 1912.",open_qa What record label did 101 Damnations go through?,"101 Damnations is the debut studio album by English rock band Carter the Unstoppable Sex Machine, released on 15 January 1990 through Big Cat Records. After playing in different bands, James Robert ""Jim Bob"" Morrison and Les ""Fruitbat"" Carter formed Bob and played their first show in August 1987, before changing the name to Carter the Unstoppable Sex Machine. Over the next year, they played various shows across London before signing to Big Cat; with shows further north of the city in early 1989, a fanbase started building. The duo recorded their debut album with producer Simon Painter at Important Notice Studios, which was a garage on Painter's property, in Mitcham, South London. 101 Damnations is a punk rock and glam rock album that merged the styles of David Bowie and Pet Shop Boys, alongside loud guitars, drum machines and samples taken from films and TV shows.","101 Damnations was released on January 15, 1990 through Big Cat Records.",closed_qa Who is the inventor of electric light?,,Thomas Edison,open_qa Based on this paragraph on Tardigrades when did we first send them to space?,"Tardigrades are the first known animal to survive after exposure to outer space. In September 2007, dehydrated tardigrades were taken into low Earth orbit on the FOTON-M3 mission carrying the BIOPAN astrobiology payload. For 10 days, groups of tardigrades, some of them previously dehydrated, some of them not, were exposed to the hard vacuum of outer space, or vacuum and solar UV radiation. Back on Earth, more than 68% of the subjects protected from solar UV radiation were reanimated within 30 minutes following rehydration, although subsequent mortality was high; many of these produced viable embryos. In contrast, hydrated samples exposed to the combined effect of vacuum and full solar UV radiation had significantly reduced survival, with only three subjects of Milnesium tardigradum surviving. Also, it was found that the space vacuum did not have a significant effect on egg-laying in either R. coronifer or M. tardigradum. However, M. tardigradum exposed to UV radiation had a lower egg laying rate. In May 2011, Italian scientists sent tardigrades on board the International Space Station along with extremophiles on STS-134, the final flight of Space Shuttle Endeavour. Their conclusion was that microgravity and cosmic radiation ""did not significantly affect survival of tardigrades in flight, and stated that tardigrades represent a useful animal for space research."" In November 2011, they were among the organisms to be sent by the U.S.-based Planetary Society on the Russian Fobos-Grunt mission's Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment to Phobos; however, the launch failed. In August 2019, scientists reported that a capsule containing tardigrades in a cryptobiotic state may have survived for a while on the Moon after the April 2019 crash landing of Beresheet, a failed Israeli lunar lander, but in May 2021 it was reported that they were unlikely to have survived the impact.",The FOTON-M3 mission in September of 2007 is where Tardigrades were exposed to the hard vacuum of outer space for the first time.,closed_qa What enabled Libya to obtain rapid economic growth prior to 1990?,"Upon independence an overwhelming majority of Africans lived in extreme poverty. The continent suffered from the lack of infrastructural or industrial development under colonial rule, along with political instability. With limited financial resources or access to global markets, relatively stable countries such as Kenya still experienced only very slow economic development. Only a handful of African countries succeeded in obtaining rapid economic growth prior to 1990. Exceptions include Libya and Equatorial Guinea, both of which possess large oil reserves.",Libya possessed large oil reserves enabling it to experience rapid economic growth.,closed_qa "Which of these numbers are odd? 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8",,"In this list, 1,3,5,7 are odd numbers",classification What is the launch date of Artemis mission?,"During preliminary reviews in 2011, the launch date of Artemis was placed somewhere between 2019 and 2021, but afterwards the launch date was delayed to 2023 on a Space Launch System (SLS) launch vehicle. Although, as of March 2023, the mission is pegged for a November 2024 launch, the need to recycle and refurbish components from Orion that flew on Artemis 1 may push this back to later in 2024 or the first quarter of 2025.",Artemis launch date is November 2024 as of now but it’s likely to change.,closed_qa "Why was Michael Jackson the ""King of Pop""?",,"Michael Jackson dominated the pop music genre for decades. His music traveled worldwide and was a music sensation across the globe. He was famous since he was a young boy. He stunned the music world with trademark moves like the ""moonwalk"" and ""robot"" dance moves.",open_qa "Given a reference text about ""More"", when was it the top song on Christian radio and how long did it maintain its spot?","""More"" is a song written and performed by American contemporary Christian musician Matthew West, from his first album, Happy. The album was released in late 2003, and it was the first and most successful radio single of West's career up to that time. The song stayed at No. 1 on Christian radio for nine consecutive weeks during 2004, breaking the previous record of eight weeks. In 2004, it was the most-played contemporary Christian song of the year. By request of astronaut Rex J. Walheim, ""More"" was played during the Day 5 wake-up call aboard STS-135, NASA's last Space Shuttle fligh","The song ""More"" was the top song on Christian radio for nine weeks in 2004.",closed_qa When was the first episode of Big Brother on CBS?,,The first episode of Big Brother aired on CBS in July 2000.,open_qa "Given this paragraph about the history of the marathon, who won the first official olympic marathon.","When the modern Olympics began in 1896, the initiators and organizers were looking for a great popularizing event, recalling the glory of ancient Greece. The idea of a marathon race came from Michel Bréal, who wanted the event to feature in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 in Athens. This idea was heavily supported by Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympics, as well as by the Greeks. The Greeks staged a selection race for the Olympic marathon on 22 March 1896 (Gregorian) that was won by Charilaos Vasilakos in 3 hours and 18 minutes (with the future winner of the introductory Olympic Games marathon, Spyridon ""Spyros"" Louis, coming in fifth at a second race two weeks later). The winner of the first Olympic marathon, on 10 April 1896 (a male-only race), was Spyridon Louis, a Greek water-carrier, in 2 hours 58 minutes and 50 seconds. The marathon of the 2004 Summer Olympics was run on the traditional route from Marathon to Athens, ending at Panathinaiko Stadium, the venue for the 1896 Summer Olympics. That men's marathon was won by Italian Stefano Baldini in 2 hours 10 minutes and 55 seconds, a record time for this route until the non-Olympics Athens Classic Marathon of 2014, when Felix Kandie lowered the course record to 2 hours 10 minutes and 37 seconds.",Spyridon Louis was the first winner of the Olympic Marathon on 10 April 1896.,closed_qa What is Artisanal Mining?,"An artisanal miner or small-scale miner (ASM) is a subsistence miner who is not officially employed by a mining company, but works independently, mining minerals using their own resources, usually by hand. Small-scale mining includes enterprises or individuals that employ workers for mining, but generally still using manually-intensive methods, working with hand tools. ASM is an important socio-economic sector for the rural poor in many developing nations, many of whom have few other options for supporting their families. Over 90% of the world's mining workforce are ASM. There are an estimated 40.5 million men, women and children directly engaged in ASM, from over 80 countries in the global south. 20% of the global gold supply is produced by the ASM sector, as well as 80% of the global gemstone and 20% of global diamond supply, and 25% of global tin production. More than 150 million depend on ASM for their livelihood. 70 - 80% of small-scale miners are informal, and approximately 30% are women, although this ranges in certain countries and commodities from 5% to 80%. ASM is an important socio-economic sector for the rural poor in many developing nations, many of whom have few other options for supporting their families. Over 90% of the world's mining workforce are ASM. There are an estimated 40.5 million men, women and children directly engaged in ASM, from over 80 countries in the global south. 20% of the global gold supply is produced by the ASM sector, as well as 80% of the global gemstone and 20% of global diamond supply, and 25% of global tin production. More than 150 million depend on ASM for their livelihood. 70 - 80% of small-scale miners are informal, and approximately 30% are women, although this ranges in certain countries and commodities from 5% to 80%.","Artisanal Mining is a done by miners who are not officially employed by a mining company, but works independently, mining minerals using their own resources, often by hand. Artisanal Mining is an important socio-economic sector for the rural poor in many developing nations, many of whom have few other options for supporting their families. Over 90% of the world's mining workforce are Artisanal miners.",summarization What are some uses of Styrofoam?,"Styrofoam has a variety of uses. Styrofoam is composed of 98% air, making it lightweight and buoyant. DuPont produces Styrofoam building materials, including varieties of building insulation sheathing and pipe insulation. The claimed R-value of Styrofoam insulation is five per inch. Styrofoam can be used under roads and other structures to prevent soil disturbances due to freezing and thawing. DuPont also produces Styrofoam blocks and other shapes for use by florists and in craft products. DuPont insulation Styrofoam has a distinctive blue color; Styrofoam for craft applications is available in white and green.","Styrofoam is used in building insulation, as a soil stabilization material, and as crafting material.",summarization "From the passage provided, extract the acquisition details of Tableau.","Tableau Software (/tæbˈloʊ/ tab-LOH) is an American interactive data visualization software company focused on business intelligence. It was founded in 2003 in Mountain View, California, and is currently headquartered in Seattle, Washington. In 2019 the company was acquired by Salesforce for $15.7 billion. At the time, this was the largest acquisition by Salesforce (a leader in the CRM field) since its foundation. It was later surpassed by Salesforce's acquisition of Slack. The company's founders, Christian Chabot, Pat Hanrahan and Chris Stolte, were researchers at the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University. They specialized in visualization techniques for exploring and analyzing relational databases and data cubes, and started the company as a commercial outlet for research at Stanford from 1999 to 2002. Tableau products query relational databases, online analytical processing cubes, cloud databases, and spreadsheets to generate graph-type data visualizations. The software can also extract, store, and retrieve data from an in-memory data engine.",Tableau was acquired in 2019 by Salesforce for $15.7 billion.,information_extraction "Which of the following is useful for transportation: a glass of wine, a lamp, a train, an iced cube tray, a plane, a bicycle, an apple and a scooter.",,"The useful objects for transportation in the list are train, plane, bicyle and scooter.",classification Please share some important points to remember for Oscar awards from the given text,"The Academy Awards, also known as the Oscars, are awards for artistic and technical merit for the film industry. They are presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), in recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy's voting membership. The Academy Awards are regarded by many as the most prestigious, significant awards in the entertainment industry in the United States and worldwide. The Oscar statuette depicts a knight rendered in the Art Deco style.","1. The Oscars, usually referred to as the Academy Awards, are prizes given to filmmakers for outstanding artistic and technical achievement. 2. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) bestows them annually in appreciation of outstanding contributions to cinema as judged by the Academy's voting membership. 3. Many people consider the Academy Awards to be the most prestigious and important honours in the American and international entertainment industries. 4. The Oscar trophy has an Art Deco-styled rendering of a knight.",summarization What is the Monument to the Victims of the Holocaust?,"The Monument to the Victims of the Holocaust (Spanish: Monumento a las víctimas del Holocausto) is a monument in Madrid, Spain, in memory of the victims of the Holocaust during World War II. It is located in the Three Cultures Garden (Spanish: Jardín de las Tres Culturas) in Juan Carlos I Park. Inaugurated in 2007, the monument was the first Holocaust memorial in Spain.","The Monument to the Victims of the Holocaust honors the memory of the victims of the Holocaust during World War II and is located in Madrid, Spain.",information_extraction What is DevSecOps?,"DevSecOps is an augmentation of DevOps to allow for security practices to be integrated into the DevOps approach. Contrary to a traditional centralized security team model, each delivery team is empowered to factor in the correct security controls into their software delivery. Security practices and testing are performed earlier in the development lifecycle, hence the term ""shift left"" can be used. Security is tested in three main areas: static, software composition, and dynamic. Checking the code statically via static application security testing (SAST) is white-box testing with special focus on security. Depending on the programming language, different tools are needed to do such static code analysis. The software composition is analyzed, especially libraries and their versions are checked against vulnerability lists published by CERT and other expert groups. When giving software to clients, licenses and its match to the one of the software distributed are in focus, especially copyleft licenses. Dynamic testing is also called black-box testing. The software is tested without knowing its inner functions. In DevSecOps it is on one hand called dynamically (DAST), or penetration testing. The goal is to catch, amongst others, errors like cross-site scripting, or SQL injection early. Threat types are for example published by the open web application security project, e.g. its TOP10. On the other hand, especially with microservices interactive application testing (IAST) is helpful to check which code is executed when running automated functional tests, the focus is to detect vulnerabilities within the applications. Contrary to SAST and DAST, IAST works inside the application. DevSecOps has also been described as a cultural shift involving a holistic approach to producing secure software by integrating security education, secure by design, and security automation.",DevSecOps is an augmentation of DevOps with security integrated into the DevOps approach. It has been growing in recent years as producing secure software is becoming a top priority for companies.,summarization Who is the company Sonova,"Sonova Holding AG (Phonak Holding AG before 1 August 2007) is an internationally active Swiss group of companies headquartered in Stäfa that specializes in hearing care (hearing instruments, cochlear implants, wireless communication). The Sonova group operates through its core business brands Phonak, Unitron, Hansaton, Advanced Bionics, AudioNova and Sennheiser. It is one of the largest providers in the sector worldwide. The group and its brands hold 24% of the global hearing aid market in sales. As of 11 September 2022, Sonova is a component of the Swiss Market Index.","Sonova Holding AG (Phonak Holding AG before 1 August 2007) is an internationally active Swiss group of companies headquartered in Staefa that specializes in hearing care (hearing instruments, cochlear implants, wireless communication). The Sonova group operates through its core business brands Phonak, Unitron, Hansaton, Advanced Bionics, AudioNova and Sennheiser. It is one of the largest providers in the sector worldwide. The group and its brands hold 24% of the global hearing aid market in sales. As of 11 September 2022, Sonova is a component of the Swiss Market Index.",summarization How many moons does Mars have?,,"Mars has two moons, they were named Phobos and Deimos by the American astronomer Asaph Hall, who discovered them in August 1877.",open_qa What event triggered the start of WWI?,,WWI began with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand,open_qa "Given this reference text, what was John Dalberg-Acton's most famous pronouncement, and to whom did he make it?","John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton, 13th Marquess of Groppoli, KCVO, DL (10 January 1834 – 19 June 1902), better known as Lord Acton, was an English Catholic historian, politician, and writer. He is best remembered for the remark he wrote in a letter to an Anglican bishop in 1887: ""Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men…"" In 1870, along with his mentor Döllinger, Acton opposed the moves to promulgate the doctrine of papal infallibility in the First Vatican Council, travelling to Rome to lobby against it, ultimately unsuccessfully. Unlike Döllinger, Acton did not become an Old Catholic, and continued attending Mass regularly; he received the last rites on his deathbed. The Catholic Church did not try to force his hand. It was in this context that, in a letter he wrote to scholar and ecclesiastic Mandell Creighton, dated April 1887, Acton made his most famous pronouncement: But if we might discuss this point until we found that we nearly agreed, and if we do agree thoroughly about the impropriety of Carlylese denunciations and Pharisaism in history, I cannot accept your canon that we are to judge Pope and King unlike other men, with a favourable presumption that they did no wrong. If there is any presumption it is the other way, against the holders of power, increasing as the power increases. Historic responsibility has to make up for the want of legal responsibility. Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men, even when they exercise influence and not authority, still more when you superadd the tendency or the certainty of corruption by authority. There is no worse heresy than that the office sanctifies the holder of it. That is the point at which the negation of Catholicism and the negation of Liberalism meet and keep high festival, and the end learns to justify the means. You would hang a man of no position like Ravaillac; but if what one hears is true, then Elizabeth asked the gaoler to murder Mary, and William III of England ordered his Scots minister to extirpate a clan. Here are the greatest names coupled with the greatest crimes; you would spare those criminals, for some mysterious reason. I would hang them higher than Haman, for reasons of quite obvious justice, still more, still higher for the sake of historical science. Thenceforth he steered clear of theological polemics. He devoted himself to reading, study and congenial society. With all his capacity for study, he was a man of the world and a man of affairs, not a bookworm. His only notable publications were a masterly essay in the Quarterly Review of January 1878 on ""Democracy in Europe;"" two lectures delivered at Bridgnorth in 1877 on ""The History of Freedom in Antiquity"" and ""The History of Freedom in Christianity""—these last the only tangible portions put together by him of his long-projected ""History of Liberty;"" and an essay on modern German historians in the first number of the English Historical Review, which he helped to found (1886). After 1879 he divided his time between London, Cannes, and Tegernsee in Bavaria, enjoying and reciprocating the society of his friends. In 1872 he had been given the honorary degree of Doctor of Philosophy by the University of Munich; in 1888 Cambridge gave him the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws, and in 1889 Oxford the Doctor of Civil Law; and in 1890 he received the high academic accolade of being made a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford.","In a letter to Mandell Creighton, John Dalberg-Acton made his most famous pronouncement: ""Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men, even when they exercise influence and not authority, still more when you superadd the tendency or the certainty of corruption by authority.""",closed_qa Does Minnesota have a professional hockey team?,,"Yes, the Minnesota Wild are the primary hockey team in Minnesota. They are 1 of 32 teams in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Minnesota Wild play in St. Paul, the capitol of Minnesota at the Excel Energy Center.",creative_writing "Tell me which of these countries has more than 1 billion population: Japan, Canada, United States, Russia, China, India",,China and India,classification What programming language does Spark support?,"Apache Spark has built-in support for Scala, Java, SQL, R, and Python with 3rd party support for the .NET CLR, Julia and more.","Apache Spark has built-in support for Scala, Java, SQL, R, and Python. It also supports 3rd party programming language such as .NET CLR, Julia and more.",summarization Who was the US president when WWII ended?,,Harry S. Truman was the US president at the end of World War II,open_qa Which country is the best at hockey?,,Canada is widely considered to be the strongest country in ice hockey. The National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level of competition in the world. About half of NHL players are Canadian.,open_qa "According to the following paragraph on LeBron James, how did he announce joining the Miami Heat?","James grew up playing basketball for St. Vincent–St. Mary High School in his hometown of Akron, Ohio. He was heavily touted by the national media as a future NBA superstar. A prep-to-pro, he was selected by the Cleveland Cavaliers with the first overall pick of the 2003 NBA draft. Named the 2004 NBA Rookie of the Year, he soon established himself as one of the league's premier players, leading the Cavaliers to their first NBA Finals appearance in 2007 and winning the NBA MVP award in 2009 and 2010. After failing to win a championship with Cleveland, James left in 2010 as a free agent to join the Miami Heat; this was announced in a nationally televised special titled The Decision and is among the most controversial free agency moves in sports history.","LeBron James announced his move from the Cleveland Cavaliers to the Miami Heat in a television special called ""The Decision"" that was televised nationally.",closed_qa What is the Australian Open?,"The Australian Open is a tennis tournament held annually at Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The tournament is the first of the four Grand Slam tennis events held each year, preceding the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open. The Australian Open starts in the middle of January and continues for two weeks coinciding with the Australia Day holiday. It features men's and women's singles; men's, women's, and mixed doubles; junior's championships; and wheelchair, legends, and exhibition events. Before 1988, it was played on grass courts, but since then two types of hardcourt surfaces have been used: green-coloured Rebound Ace up to 2007 and blue Plexicushion since 2008.","The Australian Open is an annual tennis tournament held at Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is one of the four Grand Slam tennis events, alongside the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open.",closed_qa "Given this reference text about the Catholic University of America, tell me when it was established, where it is located, and who founded it.","The Catholic University of America (CUA) is a private Roman Catholic research university in Washington, D.C. It is a pontifical university of the Catholic Church in the United States and the only institution of higher education founded by U.S. Catholic bishops. Established in 1887 as a graduate and research center following approval by Pope Leo XIII, the university began offering undergraduate education in 1904. It is classified among ""R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity"". Its campus is adjacent to the Brookland neighborhood, known as ""Little Rome"", which contains 60 Catholic institutions, including Trinity Washington University, the Dominican House of Studies, and Archbishop Carroll High School, as well as the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception. CUA's programs emphasize the liberal arts, professional education, and personal development. The school stays closely connected with the Catholic Church and Catholic organizations. The residential U.S. cardinals put on the American Cardinals Dinner each year to raise scholarship funds. The university also has a long history of working with the Knights of Columbus; its law school and basilica have dedications to the involvement and support of the Knights.","The Catholic University was founded in 1887 by the US Catholic Bishops, and is located in Washington, DC.",closed_qa When did Virgin Australia start operating?,"Virgin Australia, the trading name of Virgin Australia Airlines Pty Ltd, is an Australian-based airline. It is the largest airline by fleet size to use the Virgin brand. It commenced services on 31 August 2000 as Virgin Blue, with two aircraft on a single route. It suddenly found itself as a major airline in Australia's domestic market after the collapse of Ansett Australia in September 2001. The airline has since grown to directly serve 32 cities in Australia, from hubs in Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney.","Virgin Australia commenced services on 31 August 2000 as Virgin Blue, with two aircraft on a single route.",closed_qa What is the capital of Tamilnadu?,"Tamil Nadu (/ˌtæmɪl ˈnɑːduː/; Tamil: [ˈtamiɻ ˈnaːɽɯ] (listen), abbr. TN) is the southern-most state of India. The tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population, Tamil Nadu is the home of the Tamil people, whose Tamil language—one of the longest surviving classical languages in the world—is widely spoken in the state and serves as its official language. The capital and largest city is Chennai.",Chennai,closed_qa What are some of the facts about the festival of San Fermín that could explain it to someone that doesn't know about it based on this text.,"The festival of San Fermín is a weeklong, historically rooted celebration held annually in the city of Pamplona, Navarre, in northern Spain. The celebrations start at noon on July 6 and continue until midnight on July 14. A firework starts off the celebrations and the popular song Pobre de mí is sung at the end. The most famous event is the running of the bulls, which begins at 8 in the morning from July 7 to 14, but the festival involves many other traditional and folkloric events. It is known locally as Sanfermines and is held in honour of Saint Fermin, the co-patron of Navarre. Its events were central to the plot of The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway, which brought it to the general attention of the English-speaking world. It has become probably the most internationally renowned festival in Spain with over a million people coming to participate.","The festival has celebrations that last an entire week, made up of several festivities, from fireworks and a traditional closing song to the famous running of the bulls. It became world-renowned due to its feature on the novel The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway.",summarization "From the given text, provide a couple of points on Supreme Court of Iran","The Supreme Court of Iran is the highest juridical authority in Iran, established to supervise the correct implementation of laws by courts of justice and consisting of the most prominent judges of the country. The head of the judiciary assigns criteria to ensure uniformity of judicial procedure and to carry out all legal responsibilities.","1. The Supreme Court of Iran, which is composed of the most eminent judges in the nation and was founded to oversee the proper application of laws by courts of justice, is the highest legal authority in Iran. 2. To ensure judicial procedure is uniform and to fulfil all legal obligations, the head of the court assigns standards.",summarization "According to this text, when did Disney become a public company?","Disney is one of the biggest and best-known companies in the world, and has been ranked number 53 on the 2022 Fortune 500 list of biggest companies in the United States by revenue. Since its founding, the company has won 135 Academy Awards, 26 of which have been awarded to Walt. The company has been said to have produced some of the greatest films of all time, as well as revolutionizing the theme park industry. Disney has been criticized for supposed plagiarism, depicting racial stereotypes in the past, and both including and lacking LGBT-related elements in its films. The company, which has been public since 1940, trades on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) with ticker symbol DIS and has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 1991. In August 2020, just under two-thirds of the stock was owned by large financial institutions.","According to this text, Disney became a publicly listed company on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 1940 with the ticker symbol DIS.",closed_qa "Given a reference text about the Davie School, tell me when it was added to the register of historic places and when it was open and closed..","The Davie School (also known as the Old Davie School) is a historic school in Davie, Florida, USA. It is located at 6650 Griffin Road. It was designed by August Geiger. It opened its doors in 1918 to 90 students, and was in continuous use as a school until 1978. On March 29, 1988, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. It is the oldest extant school building in Broward County. School building The architect Geiger was hired by the school board in 1917 and presented them with his plans for the school that September. It is a T-shaped two-story building constructed of concrete with a textured stucco finish. The building has a hip roof with a surrounding parapet. Architectural elements include horseshoe and bell-shaped openings, raised bands of stucco and multiple panel windows.","The Davie School opened in 1918 and closed in 1978. It was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic places on March 29, 1988.",closed_qa What is a noun?,,"A noun is a word that is used to identify a person, place, or thing.",open_qa What animals can I see on safari?,,"Typically, you can spot a variety of wildlife on Safari. Depending on the region, you can see lions, giraffes, elephants, leopards, wild birds, and more. The most popular safaris are found in Africa, in countries like Tanzania, South Africa and Kenya.",open_qa What are some cardio machines at the gym?,,"Gyms often had a variety of cardio machines, including the treadmill, elliptical, rowing machine, stair climber, and spin bike.",brainstorming What is parkrun,"Parkrun (stylised as parkrun) is a collection of 5-kilometre (3.1 mi) events for walkers, runners and volunteers that take place every Saturday morning at more than 2,000 locations in 22 countries across six continents. Junior Parkrun (stylised as junior parkrun) is a spin-off event that provides a 2 kilometres (1+1⁄4 mi) event for children aged 4–14 on a Sunday morning. Parkrun events are free to enter and are delivered by volunteers, supported by a small group of staff at its headquarters.","Parkrun is a community event that takes place each Saturday morning where entrants walk, jog, or run a 5-kilometre course. Events take place at a range of general locations including parks, forests, rivers, lakes, beaches, and nature reserves. The first ever parkrun event took place on 2 October 2004 in Bushy Park, London involving 13 runners. Today more than 3 million people across more than 2,000 locations in 22 countries participate in parkrun each week. Parkrun events are free to enter and are delivered by volunteers.",closed_qa "Tell me which of these would be an instrument played in a Rock band: Drums, lawnmower, guitar, bicycle, bass, chair, keyboards",,"Drums, guitar, bass, keyboards",classification Who recorded the song Ghost Town,"""Ghost Town"" is a song recorded by American singer Adam Lambert for his third studio album, The Original High (2015). It was released as the album's lead single on April 21, 2015. The single garnered considerable commercial and critical success, becoming somewhat of a sleeper hit in select countries and receiving a substantial amount of radio play in the US.","Ghost Town is a song recorded by American singer Adam Lambert for his third studio album, The Original High (2015). It was released as the album's lead single on April 21, 2015. The single garnered considerable commercial and critical success, becoming somewhat of a sleeper hit in select countries and receiving a substantial amount of radio play in the US.",closed_qa Write a convincing argument about why cats are better than dogs,,"Cats are better than dogs because they are independent pets that don't require intensive care, so they are well suited for the lifestyle of someone who works in an office or likes to be able to go out on the weekends, as they can be left alone for longer periods of time than dogs. Cats can also be housebroken very easily, and don't need to be let outside to use the bathroom, unlike dogs which require more frequent walks. Cats are especially well suited to small apartments or homes, as they don't take up as much space as dogs. Finally, cats are much softer and more fun to pet than dogs, and don't require frequent bathing as they keep themselves clean.",creative_writing "Which is bigger, a lion or a house cat?",,A lion is bigger than a house cat,open_qa What is the tallest building in the San Francisco Bay Area?,,The tallest building in the SF Bay Area is the Salesforce Tower.,open_qa What is the capital of California?,,Sacramento is the capital,open_qa How strong was the Kent earthquake,"The 2007 Kent earthquake registered 4.3 on the Richter scale and struck south east Kent, South East England on 28 April 2007 at 07:18:12 UTC (08:18:12 local time), at a shallow depth of 5.3 km. The worst affected area was the town of Folkestone, although the towns of Deal, Dover and Ashford were also affected. The tremors could be felt across much of Kent and south east England, including as far as East Sussex, Essex and Suffolk, as well as on the other side of the English Channel at Calais and Brussels.","The 2007 Kent earthquake registered 4.3 on the Richter scale and struck south east Kent, South East England on 28 April 2007 at 07:18:12 UTC (08:18:12 local time), at a shallow depth of 5.3 km.",summarization What is a baby cat called?,,A baby cat is called a kitten,open_qa What is Doña Barbara?,"Doña Bárbara is a novel written by the Venezuelan Rómulo Gallegos and published by Editorial Araluce, on February 15 , 1929 . 1 It has been republished more than forty times and translated into other languages. It consists of three parts and is set in Apure plains in Venezuela , on the Arauca river property .","Doña Bárbara is a novel written by the Venezuelan Rómulo Gallegos and published by Editorial Araluce, on February 15 , 1929 . 1 It has been republished more than forty times and translated into other languages. It consists of three parts and is set in Apure plains in Venezuela , on the Arauca river property . Doña Bárbara is the most popular Venezuelan novel: since its appearance in 1929, it has been read avidly perhaps because between the lines Gallegos expressed his rebellion against the dictatorial regime of Juan Vicente Gómez and the backwardness that the country was experiencing. The novel examines the sociological topic, rooted in positivism, civilization versus barbarism in rural Venezuelan life. Among other merits, the writer's mastery in terms of character creation stands out, as well as the description of the llanero landscape.",information_extraction What wines are made in Napa Valley?,"A trend of larger national and international companies like E & J Gallo Winery, Diageo and Constellation Brands buying smaller wineries, vineyards and brands began to gain momentum in the early part of the 21st century. Today Napa Valley features more than 450 wineries that grow grape varieties including Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Pinot noir, Merlot, Zinfandel, among others. While winemakers may produce wines from specific AVAs within the valley, many wines are made as a blend from grapes grown on the valley floor and the surrounding hillsides.","Napa Valley grows a wide variety of wine grapes. Initially, they were made famous for Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay. Today they also produce Pinot Noir, Merlot, and Zinfandel.",summarization Who is the company Nestle,"Nestlé S.A. (/ˈnɛsleɪ, -li, -əl/ NESS-lay, -⁠lee, -⁠əl, French: [nɛsle], German: [ˈnɛstlə] (listen)) is a Swiss multinational food and drink processing conglomerate corporation headquartered in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland. It is the largest publicly held food company in the world, measured by revenue and other metrics, since 2014. It ranked No. 64 on the Fortune Global 500 in 2017 and No. 33 in the 2016 edition of the Forbes Global 2000 list of largest public companies.","Nestle S.A. is a Swiss multinational food and drink processing conglomerate corporation headquartered in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland. It is the largest publicly held food company in the world, measured by revenue and other metrics, since 2014.",summarization Who was the first American president?,,The first president of the United States was George Washington,open_qa "Given the following paragraph, where did House music originate?","House is a music genre characterized by a repetitive four-on-the-floor beat and a typical tempo of 120 beats per minute. It was created by DJs and music producers from Chicago's underground club culture in the early/mid 1980s, as DJs began altering disco songs to give them a more mechanical beat. House was pioneered by African American DJs and producers in Chicago such as Frankie Knuckles, Ron Hardy, Jesse Saunders, Chip E., Joe Smooth, Steve ""Silk"" Hurley, Farley ""Jackmaster"" Funk, Marshall Jefferson, Phuture, and others. House music expanded to other cities such as London, then New York City and became a worldwide phenomenon.","House music originated in Chicago, Illinois in the United States of America by producers/DJs such as Frankie Knuckles, Ron Hardy, and Jesse Saunders.",closed_qa What is American Red Cross,"The American Red Cross (ARC), also known as the American National Red Cross, is a non-profit humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and disaster preparedness education in the United States. It is the designated US affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the United States movement to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.","The American Red Cross is a non profit humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and disaster preparedness education in the United States",information_extraction "Given a reference text about Konstantin Konstantinovich Sluchevsky, tell me where he was born and where he studied.","Konstantin Konstantinovich Sluchevsky (Russian: Константин Константинович Случевский), (1837–1904) was a Russian poet. Sluchevsky was born in St. Peterburg into a Russian noble family. He graduated from the First Cadet Corps, served in the Imperial Russian Guard, then entered the Academy of the General Staff, but in 1861 he quit the military service and went abroad. For a number of years he studied in Paris, Berlin, and Heidelberg, where he got the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1865. On his return to Russia he worked for the Ministry of Internal Affairs and State Property. From 1891 to 1902 he was the Chief Editor of the journal Pravitelstvenny Vestnik (Government Bulletin). He was also a member of the Council of the Chief Printing Office and had a title of Hofmeister.","Konstantin Konstantinovich Sluchevsky was born in St. Petersburg, Russia and studied in Paris, Berlin, and Heidelberg.",closed_qa When did India get Independence?,,"India got Independence from the British Empire on 15th August, 1947",open_qa What is the oldest higher learning institution in the United States,"Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and is widely considered to be one of the most prestigious universities in the world.","The oldest higher learning institution in the United States is Harvard University, which is widely considered the most prestigious university in the world.",summarization What two colors are used in the Canadian flag?,"The National Flag of Canada (French: le Drapeau national du Canada), often simply referred to as the Canadian flag or, unofficially, as the maple leaf flag or l'Unifolié (French: [l‿ynifɔlje]; lit. 'the one-leafed'), consists of a red field with a white square at its centre in the ratio of 1∶2∶1, in which is featured a stylized, red, 11-pointed maple leaf charged in the centre. It is the first flag to have been adopted by both houses of Parliament and officially proclaimed by the Canadian monarch as the country's official national flag. The flag has become the predominant and most recognizable national symbol of Canada.",The Canadian flag colors are red and white.,information_extraction When is the best time to go to Wallis and Futuna,"Wallis and Futuna is located about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand. It is 13°18′S 176°12′W Coordinates: 13°18′S 176°12′W, 360 km (220 mi) west of Samoa and 480 km (300 mi) northeast of Fiji. The territory includes the island of Uvéa (also called Wallis), which is the most populous; the island of Futuna; the virtually uninhabited island of Alofi; and 20 uninhabited islets. The total area of the territory is 274 square kilometres (106 sq mi), with 129 kilometres (80 mi) of coastline. The highest point in the territory is Mont Puke, on the island of Futuna, at 524 metres (1,719 ft). The islands have a hot, rainy season from November to April, when tropical cyclones passing over them cause storms. Then they have a cool, dry season from May to October, caused by the southeast trade winds that predominate during those months. The average annual rainfall is between 2,500 and 3,000 millimetres (98–118 in), and rain is likely on at least 260 days per year. The average humidity is 80%. The average annual temperature is 26.6 °C (79.9 °F), rarely falling below 24.0 °C (75.2 °F); during the rainy season, it ranges between 28.0 °C (82.4 °F) and 32.0 °C (89.6 °F). Only 5% of the islands' land area consists of arable land; permanent crops cover another 20%. Deforestation is a serious problem: Only small portions of the original forests remain, largely because the inhabitants use wood as their main fuel source, and, as a result, the mountainous terrain of Futuna is particularly susceptible to erosion. The island of Alofi lacks natural freshwater resources, so it has no permanent settlements. Volcanic activity during the mid-Pleistocene created numerous volcanic crater lakes on Uvea (Wallis Island). The names of some of them are: Lalolalo, Lano, Lanutavake, Lanutuli, Lanumaha, Kikila, and Alofivai. Wallis and Futuna is part of the Fiji tropical moist forests terrestrial ecoregion.",It is best to go from May to October in the dry season. The temperature are lower but at least it is not raining so often.,closed_qa Where is Dutch spoken?,"Dutch is an official language of the Netherlands proper, Belgium, Suriname, the Dutch Caribbean municipalities (St. Eustatius, Saba and Bonaire), Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten. Dutch is also an official language of several international organisations, such as the European Union, Union of South American Nations and the Caribbean Community. At an academic level, Dutch is taught in about 175 universities in 40 countries. About 15,000 students worldwide study Dutch at university. In Europe, most of the population of the Netherlands (where it is the only official language spoken countrywide) and about 60% of the population of Belgium (as one of three official languages) speak Dutch. Outside the Low Countries, Dutch is the native language of the majority of the population of the South American country of Suriname, a former Dutch colony, where it also holds an official status, as it does in the Caribbean island countries of Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten, which are constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Up to half a million native speakers reside in the United States, Canada and Australia combined,[n 3] and historical linguistic minorities on the verge of extinction remain in parts of France, Germany and Indonesia.[n 4]","Dutch is mostly spoken in The Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname, where it is an official language. In addition, it is taught across 40 other countries around the world.",information_extraction Please tell me who Bishop Patrick MacMullan was and when he died.,"Bishop Patrick MacMullan (17 March 1752 – 25 October 1824) was an Irish Roman Catholic Prelate and 20th Bishop of Down and Connor. He was a native of mid Down and details of his early life in the latter half of the eighteenth century are sketchy. It is believed he was ordained to the priesthood in 1775. He received episcopal consecration on 2 September 1793, and the following year succeeded his distant cousin Hugh as Bishop of Down and Connor. In 1814 he made a report to Rome on the state of his diocese (served by around 35 parish priests and a few curates) which although vague gives some indication of the state of the diocese. He died on 25 October 1824 in the house of his nephew in Loughinisland and is buried at Loughinisland Graveyard. A notice of his death, circulated in many Irish newspapers noted that ""the Catholic Clergy of that diocese [Down and Connor] have been under the scriptural jurisdiction of this amiable Prelate for 31 years, during which he has presided over them with the politeness of a Gentleman, the abilities of a Theologian, and the meekness of a humble and exemplary Christian.""","Patrick MacMullan was an Irish Roman Catholic Bishop. He passed away on October 25th, 1824.",summarization What is wine?,"Wine is an alcoholic drink typically made from fermented grapes. Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are major factors in different styles of wine. These differences result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape, the reactions involved in fermentation, the grape's growing environment (terroir), and the wine production process. Many countries enact legal appellations intended to define styles and qualities of wine. These typically restrict the geographical origin and permitted varieties of grapes, as well as other aspects of wine production. Wines can be made by fermentation of other fruit crops such as plum, cherry, pomegranate, blueberry, currant and elderberry.",Wine is an alcoholic drink typically made from fermented grapes.,closed_qa What colors are typically associated with Christmas?,,Red and Green are associated with Christmas,open_qa "What is a good park in Redmond, WA",,"Marymoor Park in Redmond, WA",open_qa Give me some reasons to work for a tech company,,"Working for a tech company has many advantages, here are some of them: * You will be working on cutting edge technologies * You'll have the opportunity to help people and organisations solve everyday problems with technology * You will be rewarded for your creativity and sense of initiative * The salaries in tech companies are high compared to average * There is high demand for tech workers so you can easily find new opportunities",brainstorming What video game console can you play ATV Offroad Fury 3 on?,"ATV Offroad Fury 3 is a racing video game developed by Climax Racing and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for PlayStation 2. The game was succeeded by ATV Offroad Fury 4 in 2006.",ATV Offroad Fury 3 was published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2 video game console.,information_extraction In what year did Apple debut the 'Mac Operating System'?,"In 1984, Apple debuted the operating system that is now known as the """"Classic"""" Mac OS with its release of the original Macintosh System Software. The system, rebranded """"Mac OS"""" in 1997, was pre-installed on every Macintosh until 2002 and offered on Macintosh clones for a short time in the 1990s. Noted for its ease of use, it was also criticized for its lack of modern technologies compared to its competitors. The current Mac operating system is macOS, originally named """"Mac OS X"""" until 2012 and then """"OS X"" until 2016. Developed between 1997 and 2001 after Apple's purchase of NeXT, Mac OS X brought an entirely new architecture based on NeXTSTEP, a Unix system, that eliminated many of the technical challenges that the classic Mac OS faced. The current macOS is pre-installed with every Mac and receives a major update annually. It is the basis of Apple's current system software for its other devices – iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and tvOS.","In 1984, Apple debuted the operating system that is now known as the ""Classic"" Mac OS",closed_qa Is a jaguar a big cat or a small cat?,,"Jaguar is a big cat or large cat species. It is the third largest cat species in the world, with a body length of up to 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) and a weight of up to 158 kg (348 lb).",classification Write some information in points on Kelvyn Park High School from the given passage.,"Kelvyn Park High School is a public 4–year high school located in the Hermosa neighborhood on north-west side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Opened in 1933, Kelvyn Park is operated by the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) district. In addition to being a neighborhood high school, Kelvyn Park also serves as a middle school with seventh and eighth grades. Kelvyn Park attendance boundaries extends to the Logan Square, Cragin and Belmont Gardens neighborhoods.","1. The Hermosa neighbourhood on the north-west side of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States, is home to the public 4-year Kelvyn Park High School. 2. Kelvyn Park, which was established in 1933, is run by the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) organisation. 3. Kelvyn Park not only functions as a neighbourhood high school, but also as a middle school housing the seventh and eighth classes. 4. The neighbourhoods of Logan Square, Cragin, and Belmont Gardens are included in the Kelvyn Park attendance boundaries.",summarization What are the three major Abrahamic religions?,,"Judaism, Christianity and Islam are the three largest Abrahamic religions",open_qa What is the most popular sport?,,Currently soccer/football is the most popular sport globally to participate in and watch with an estimated 3.5 billion fans. With the low entry cost to play and ability to be played or practiced most anywhere it makes it easy for pretty much anyone to participate.,open_qa Where is Smuggler Cove Shell Midden located?,"The Smuggler Cove Shell Midden (Smithsonian trinomial: 35TI46) is an archeological site located in Oswald West State Park near Neahkahnie Beach, Oregon, United States. First documented by archeologists in 1976, the midden has been found to contain remains of mussels, barnacles, and chiton to a depth of approximately 30 centimeters (12 in). Radiocarbon dating of a single sample of shell debris indicates that the Smuggler Cove campsite was occupied around 1660 CE, approximately the same date as the supposed wreck of a European ship at nearby Nehalem Spit, suggesting the site may preserve information from both before and after first contact between local people and Europeans. The site has been heavily damaged by construction of recreational facilities and coastal erosion, but a significant portion remains with potential to contribute to future research. Data generated from the site may help answer questions related to environmental change in the Oregon Coast region, settlement and subsistence patterns, emergence of ethnographic patterns among coastal people, the change in cultural patterns from before to after contact with European Americans, and other topics.","Smuggler Cove shell Midden is located in Oswald West State Park near Neahkahnie Beach in Oregon, United States.",closed_qa What are the three most common types of radioactive decay?,"Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is considered radioactive. Three of the most common types of decay are alpha decay (α-decay), beta decay (β-decay), and gamma decay (γ-decay), all of which involve emitting one or more particles. The weak force is the mechanism that is responsible for beta decay, while the other two are governed by the electromagnetism and nuclear force. A fourth type of common decay is electron capture, in which an unstable nucleus captures an inner electron from one of the electron shells. The loss of that electron from the shell results in a cascade of electrons dropping down to that lower shell resulting in emission of discrete X-rays from the transitions. A common example is iodine-125 commonly used in medical settings.","Three of the most common types of radioactive decay are alpha decay (α-decay), beta decay (β-decay), and gamma decay (γ-decay), all of which involve emitting one or more particles.",summarization "According to this paragraph, what was the most common type of castle in England following the Norman Conquest?","There are nine castles in Greater Manchester, a metropolitan county in North West England. They consist of four motte-and-bailey castles, three fortified manor houses, an enclosure castle, and a possible shell keep. A motte-and-bailey castle is characterised by two elements: the motte is an artificial mound with a wooden stockade and stronghold on top, usually a stone keep or tower, while the bailey is a defended enclosure adjacent to the motte, typically enclosed by a ditch and a bank topped by a timber palisade or stone wall. Motte-and-bailey castles were the most common type of castle in England following the Norman Conquest. A shell keep was a motte with a stone wall rather than a wooden stockade on top; there would have been no tower within the walls. Four of Greater Manchester's castles are scheduled monuments: Buckton, Bury, Radcliffe Tower, and Watch Hill. A scheduled monument is a ""nationally important"" archaeological site or historic building, given protection against unauthorised change.","According to this text, the Motte-and-bailey castles were the most common following the Norman Conquest.",closed_qa Write a short paragraph about experiencing a safari in South Africa.,,"South Africa is a country that is full of natural beauty. The country has hundreds of miles of gorgeous coastline, an abundance of vegetation and a diverse population of wild animals. Experiencing a safari can be a life changing event for many. Witnessing animals in their natural habitat has a calming effect on most people. Kruger National Park, one of the largest game reserves in South Africa, is teaming full of wildlife. On any given day, you may see a variety of animals, including lions, elephants, giraffes and buffaloes. These animals and their ancestors have been living in these ecosystems for hundreds of thousands of years.",creative_writing "What is Cisco's formal company name, where is their headquarters, and how many employees are there in the company?","Cisco Systems, Inc., commonly known as Cisco, is an American-based multinational digital communications technology conglomerate corporation headquartered in San Jose, California. Cisco develops, manufactures, and sells networking hardware, software, telecommunications equipment and other high-technology services and products. Cisco specializes in specific tech markets, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), domain security, videoconferencing, and energy management with leading products including Webex, OpenDNS, Jabber, Duo Security, and Jasper. Cisco is one of the largest technology companies in the world ranking 74 on the Fortune 100 with over $51 billion in revenue and nearly 80,000 employees.","Cisco Systems, Inc. is located in San Jose, California and has nearly 80,000 employees.",closed_qa What are some of the natural materials used in construction?,"Building material is material used for construction. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, wood, and even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic. The manufacturing of building materials is an established industry in many countries and the use of these materials is typically segmented into specific specialty trades, such as carpentry, insulation, plumbing, and roofing work. They provide the make-up of habitats and structures including homes.","Clay, rocks, sand and wood are some of the common natural materials used in construction.",information_extraction What is K8s?,,"Kubernetes, also known as K8s, is an open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.",brainstorming "Using the given text, summarize the main features of the Fender Stratocaster","The guitar introduced into the popular market several features that were innovative for electric guitars in the mid-1950s. The distinctive body shape, which has become commonplace among electric guitars, was revolutionary for the time period, and for the first time a mass-market electric guitar did not significantly resemble earlier acoustic models. The double cutaway, elongated horns, and heavily contoured back were all designed for better balance and comfort to play while standing up and slung off the shoulder with a strap. The three-pickup design offered players increased versatility and choice in tone quality over earlier one- and two-pickup electric guitars, and a responsive and simplified vibrato arm integrated into the bridge plate, which marked a significant design improvement over other vibrato systems, such as those manufactured by Bigsby. All of these design elements were popularized and later became an industry standard due to the success of the Stratocaster. The Fender Stratocaster is one of the most iconic electric guitar models of all time.","The Fender Stratocaster is an electric guiar model introduced in the 1950s. Some of its main design features were part of its revolutionary body shape. For the first time, an electric guitar didn't look like an acoustic counterpart. The double cutaway, long horns, three-pickup and a simplified vibrato arm integrated into the bridge plate are some of the features of the Fender Stratocaster. All of these features, with some variations, became standard in the design of electric guitars.",summarization find the most famous historical places in Egypt,"Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest. Egypt's long and rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, which reflects its unique transcontinental location being simultaneously Mediterranean, Middle Eastern and North African. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity, but was largely Islamised in the seventh century and remains a predominantly Sunni Muslim country, albeit with a significant Christian minority, along with other lesser practiced faiths.","the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest",information_extraction Tell me about the Qingdao Qianwan Container Terminal,"Qingdao Qianwan Container Terminal is a port of China, located at Qianwan (literally The Front Bay), Qingdao, Shandong province. Qingdao Port ranked 10th in 2008 world's busiest container ports with 10,320 thousands TEU, current projects were expected to raise the capacity to 15,000 thousands or more.","The Qingdao Qianwan Container Terminal is a port of China, located at Qianwan (literally The Front Bay), Qingdao, Shandong province. Qingdao Port ranked 10th in 2008 world's busiest container ports with 10,320 thousands TEU, current projects were expected to raise the capacity to 15,000 thousands or more.",summarization What are some of the common elements of visual design?,"Design elements are the basic units of any visual design which form its structure and convey visual messages. Painter and design theorist Maitland E. Graves (1902-1978), who attempted to gestate the fundamental principles of aesthetic order in visual design, in his book, The Art of Color and Design (1941), defined the elements of design as line, direction, shape, size, texture, value, and color, concluding that ""these elements are the materials from which all designs are built.""","Line, shape, size, texture, color and direction are some of the common visual design elements.",information_extraction Where is the annual indoor rowing World Championship?,"Ergometer rowing machines (colloquially ergs or ergo) simulate the rowing action and provide a means of training on land when waterborne training is restricted, and of measuring rowing fitness. Ergometers do not simulate the lateral balance challenges, the exact resistance of water, or the exact motions of true rowing including the sweep of the oar handles. For that reason ergometer scores are generally not used as the sole selection criterion for crews (colloquially ""ergs don't float""), and technique training is limited to the basic body position and movements. However, this action can still allow a workout comparable to those experienced on the water. Indoor rowing has become popular as a sport in its own right with numerous indoor competitions (and the annual World Championship CRASH-B Sprints in Boston) during the winter off-season.",The indoor rowing world championship is held annually in Boston during the winter off-season.,summarization What is Maven?,,Maven is a build automation tool used primarily for Java projects.,open_qa Who developed Pilates?,"Pilates is a type of mind-body exercise developed in the early 20th century by German physical trainer Joseph Pilates, after whom it was named. Pilates called his method ""Contrology"". It is practiced worldwide, especially in countries such as Australia, Canada, South Korea, the United States and the United Kingdom. As of 2005, approximately 11 million people were practicing the discipline regularly, and there were 14,000 instructors in the US.Pilates was developed by Joseph Pilates from Mönchengladbach, Germany. His father was a gymnast and his mother a naturopath.","Pilates was developed by Joseph Pilates in the early 20th century, and he lived in Monchengladbach, Germany.",summarization What are 3 things I should always have before leaving my house?,,"Always make sure you have your wallet, keys and phone with you",brainstorming What type of cheeses can you use to make a grilled cheese sandwich.,"A grilled cheese sandwich is made by placing a cheese filling, often cheddar or American cheese, between two slices of bread, which is then heated until the bread browns and the cheese melts. A layer of butter or mayonnaise may be added to the outside of the bread for additional flavor and texture. Alternatives may include additional ingredients, such as meat, peppers, tomatoes, or onions. Methods for heating the sandwich include cooking on a griddle, fried in a pan, or using a panini grill or sandwich toaster, the latter method more common in the United Kingdom, where the sandwiches are normally called ""toasted sandwiches"" or ""toasties"", in Australia, where they are called ""jaffles"" or ""toasted sandwiches"", and South Africa, where they are called “snackwiches”. Other methods include baking in an oven or toaster oven — or in a toasting bag in an electric toaster.","Common cheeses to make a grilled cheese are cheddar or American cheese, although you are not limited to those cheeses. Depending on a persons preferences there are a large variety of cheeses that are well suited for a grilled cheese sandwich. Many people enjoy Swiss cheese, provolone, mozzarella cheese, brie, Monterey jack cheese, pepper jack cheese, gouda, havarti, fontina and many others.",summarization "Which of the following are cities from South India: Bangalore, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Srinagar, Jaipur, Kolkata, Pune, Kochi?",,"Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kochi are cities in South India.",classification Which is a species of fish? Lion or Lionfish,,Lionfish,classification Who was Singhari Shyamasundar Kar,"Desaraja Adiguru Singhari Shyamasundar Kar (Odia: ସିଂହାରୀ ଶ୍ୟାମସୁନ୍ଦର କର, romanized: Singhāri Syāmasundara Kara; 4 March 1908 – 16 March 1975) was a renowned Odissi musician, Guru, singer, scholar and composer. Born to a sebayata (servitor) family of the Jagannatha Temple, he was groomed under veteran masters of the temple tradition and soon rose to be one of the towering Gurus of Odissi classical music in the 20th century. He was most known for his powerful voice and intricate style, his command over the Mardala as well as his contribution towards the academic institutionalization of Odissi music education. Most of the performers of Odissi music, Mardala and Odissi dance of his period admit to having come under the commanding influence and knowledge of Singhari. He died on 16 March 1975.","Desaraja Adiguru Singhari Shyamasundar Kar (4 March 1908 – 16 March 1975) was a renowned Odissi musician, Guru, singer, scholar and composer. Born to a sebayata (servitor) family of the Jagannatha Temple, he was groomed under veteran masters of the temple tradition and soon rose to be one of the towering Gurus of Odissi classical music in the 20th century. He was most known for his powerful voice and intricate style, his command over the Mardala as well as his contribution towards the academic institutionalization of Odissi music education. Most of the performers of Odissi music, Mardala and Odissi dance of his period admit to having come under the commanding influence and knowledge of Singhari. He died on 16 March 1975.",closed_qa What is the oldest hiking trail in the US?,"An early example of an interest in hiking in the United States is Abel Crawford and his son Ethan's clearing of a trail to the summit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire in 1819. This 8.5-mile path is the oldest continually used hiking trail in the United States. The influence of British and European Romanticism reached North America through the transcendentalist movement, and both Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–82) and Henry David Thoreau (1817-62) were important influences on the outdoors movement in North America. Thoreau's writing on nature and on walking include the posthumously published ""Walking"" (1862)"". His earlier essay ""A Walk to Wachusett"" (1842) describes a four-day walking tour Thoreau took with a companion from Concord, Massachusetts to the summit of Mount Wachusett, Princeton, Massachusetts and back. In 1876 the Appalachian Mountain Club, America’s earliest recreation organization, was founded to protect the trails and mountains in the northeastern United States.",The oldest hiking trail in the US is an 8.5 mile long route leading to the summit of Mount Washington in New Hampshire. The route was first cleared in 1819 by Abel Crawford and his son.,information_extraction What is there to do in Cleveland Ohio?,,"Cleveland is located in Northeast Ohio and is home to the Rock & Roll Hall-of-Fame, among many other great places. Cleveland has a broad culture and is know sports pride and great local food locations. If you can withstand the winter months, Cleveland is a great place to visit year round!",brainstorming "Given this paragraph on Macquarie University Real Tennis Club, please tell me how many tennis courts the club had.","The Macquarie University Real Tennis Club (formerly the Sydney Real Tennis Club) played real tennis at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. Its only court closed on 31 December 2005, converted to other athletic uses. However, the university has agreed to provide land for another court as well as A$350,000 toward its construction. The club is working to provide additional funds required to begin construction.","Based on this paragraph, it appears that the Macquarie University Real Tennis Club had only one tennis court.",closed_qa What is the fourth album from The Tragically Hip?,Day for Night is the fourth studio album by the Canadian rock band The Tragically Hip. It is named for the film of the same name.,Day for Night is the Tragically Hip's 4th studio album released in 1994,closed_qa What is Christmas?,,"Christmas is a Christian holiday that represents when Jesus was born. This holiday is celebrated on December 25 every year. Church's will have a manger setup with figures showing what the birth of Christ would have looked like thousands of years ago. The figures represented would be the wise men, mary, joseph, and Jesus in the manger. The wise men were led to the manger of Jesus by following a star in the sky. Billions of people all over the world celebrate this holiday every year.",open_qa Please summarize what Linkedin does.,"LinkedIn (/lɪŋktˈɪn/) is a business and employment-focused social media platform that works through websites and mobile apps. It launched on May 5, 2003. It is now owned by Microsoft. The platform is primarily used for professional networking and career development, and allows jobseekers to post their CVs and employers to post jobs. From 2015 most of the company's revenue came from selling access to information about its members to recruiters and sales professionals. Since December 2016, it has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Microsoft. As of March 2023, LinkedIn has more than 900 million registered members from over 200 countries and territories. LinkedIn allows members (both workers and employers) to create profiles and connect with each other in an online social network which may represent real-world professional relationships. Members can invite anyone (whether an existing member or not) to become a connection. LinkedIn can also be used to organize offline events, join groups, write articles, publish job postings, post photos and videos, and more.","Linkedin is a social platform that business professionals create profiles on and network with other business professionals. It is used to network, career development, and for jobseekers to find jobs. Linkedin has over 900 million users from over 200 countries. Linkedin can be used to post resumes/CVs, organizing events, joining groups, writing articles, publishing job postings, posting picture, posting videos, and more!",summarization What is Matong,"Matong /məˈtɒŋ/ is a town in the central east part of the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. The town is 37 kilometres (23 mi) east of Narrandera and 26 kilometres (16 mi) west of Coolamon. At the 2016 census, Matong had a population of 164 people. Sport The most popular sport in Matong is Australian rules football, as it lies in the narrow 'canola belt', a geographical triangle stretching from the Grong Grong and Marrar at either end of the Canola Way, to Ungarie, in which Australian football retains a strong following, despite New South Wales being a largely rugby league supporting state.","Matong is a town in the central east part of the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. The town is 37 kilometres (23 mi) east of Narrandera and 26 kilometres (16 mi) west of Coolamon. At the 2016 census, Matong had a population of 164 people. Sport The most popular sport in Matong is Australian rules football, as it lies in the narrow 'canola belt', a geographical triangle stretching from the Grong Grong and Marrar at either end of the Canola Way, to Ungarie, in which Australian football retains a strong following, despite New South Wales being a largely rugby league supporting state.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph about Robert Russell, what is he known for?","In 1839, Russell designed St James Old Cathedral, the oldest building in Melbourne (though moved just outside the city grid in 1914) and one of the very few pre-Gold Rush buildings in the city. Russell later practised as an architect in Melbourne until he was forced to retire by old age. He kept his mind to the last and died at Richmond, Melbourne, on 10 April 1900, aged 92. He married and was survived by two sons and two daughters. In addition to being an architect and surveyor Russell did 'extensive work as a sketcher, amateur photographer, etcher, lithographer (and) carver'. He did valuable work as an amateur artist by preserving many original sketches of Melbourne in its early years, in both water-colour and pencil and in 1952 an exhibition of his 'lost paintings' was held at the Tye gallery in Melbourne Russell's artwork is in the collections of the State Library of Victoria, National Gallery of Victoria, the National Library of Australia and the State Library of New South Wales. There is a portrait of him in old age painted c1890 by Frederick McCubbin in the collection of the National Library of Australia. In 1969, the Victorian chapter of the Australian Institute of Architects named their St. Kilda Road property 'Robert Russell House' in recognition of his work.","Rober Russell was an architect, surveyor and amateur artist who designed the oldest building in Melbourne, Australia, i.e., St James Old Cathedral in 1839. His art work including numerous sketches of Melbourne in the 1800s is on display in various galleries and museums in Victoria and New South Wales, Australia, such as the State Library of Victoria, National Gallery of Victoria, the National Library of Australia and the State Library of New South Wales.",summarization What happened in Woodstock,"Woodstock Music and Art Fair, commonly referred to as Woodstock, was a music festival held during August 15–18, 1969, on Max Yasgur's dairy farm in Bethel, New York, United States, 40 miles (65 km) southwest of the town of Woodstock. Billed as ""an Aquarian Exposition: 3 Days of Peace & Music"" and alternatively referred to as the Woodstock Rock Festival, it attracted an audience of more than 400,000 attendees. Thirty-two acts performed outdoors despite sporadic rain. It was one of the largest music festivals held in history. The festival has become widely regarded as a pivotal moment in popular music history as well as a defining event for the counterculture generation. The event's significance was reinforced by a 1970 documentary film, an accompanying soundtrack album, and a song written by Joni Mitchell that became a major hit for both Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and Matthews Southern Comfort. Musical events bearing the Woodstock name were planned for anniversaries, which included the tenth, twentieth, twenty-fifth, thirtieth, fortieth, and fiftieth. In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine listed it as number 19 of the 50 Moments That Changed the History of Rock and Roll. In 2017, the festival site became listed on the National Register of Historic Places.","The Woodstock Music and Art Fair, commonly referred to as Woodstock, was a music festival held during August 15–18, 1969, on Max Yasgur's dairy farm in Bethel, New York, United States, 40 miles (65 km) southwest of the town of Woodstock. Billed as ""an Aquarian Exposition: 3 Days of Peace & Music"" and alternatively referred to as the Woodstock Rock Festival, it attracted an audience of more than 400,000 attendees. Thirty-two acts performed outdoors despite sporadic rain. It was one of the largest music festivals held in history. The festival has become widely regarded as a pivotal moment in popular music history as well as a defining event for the counterculture generation. The event's significance was reinforced by a 1970 documentary film, an accompanying soundtrack album, and a song written by Joni Mitchell that became a major hit for both Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and Matthews Southern Comfort. Musical events bearing the Woodstock name were planned for anniversaries, which included the tenth, twentieth, twenty-fifth, thirtieth, fortieth, and fiftieth. In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine listed it as number 19 of the 50 Moments That Changed the History of Rock and Roll. In 2017, the festival site became listed on the National Register of Historic Places.",summarization "Given this paragraph about composer Arvo Pärt, tell me where and when he studied composition and with which teacher.","Pärt's musical education began at the age of seven when he began attending music school in Rakvere. By his early teenage years, Pärt was writing his own compositions. His first serious study came in 1954 at the Tallinn Music Middle School, but less than a year later he temporarily abandoned it to fulfill military service, playing oboe and percussion in the army band. After his military service he attended the Tallinn Conservatory, where he studied composition with Heino Eller and it was said of him, ""he just seemed to shake his sleeves and the notes would fall out"". During the 1950s, he also completed his first vocal composition, the cantata Meie aed ('Our Garden') for children's choir and orchestra. He graduated in 1963.",Arvo Pärt studied composition at the Tallinn Conservatory during the 1950s. His composition teacher was Heino Eller.,closed_qa Does Arizona use Daylight Savings?,,"No, Arizona does not use Daylight Savings?",open_qa What is Intel Xeon good for?,,"Intel's Xeon line of processors is intended for business workstations and servers. For servers and workstations running data-intensive applications, particularly those that are mission-critical, Xeon CPUs are the best option.",open_qa Where is Landscape Arch?,"Landscape Arch is a natural rock arch in Arches National Park in the U.S. state of Utah. With a length of 290.1 feet (88.4 m), it is the longest natural arch in the park and the United States, and the fifth-longest in the world. Landscape Arch was named by Frank Beckwith, who explored the area in the winter of 1933–34 as the leader of a scientific expedition.",Landscape Arch is a natural rock arch in Arches National Park in the U.S. state of Utah.,information_extraction Which company constructed the Japanese submarine Yu 12?,"Yu 12 was an Imperial Japanese Army transport submarine of the Yu 1 subclass of the Yu I type. Constructed for use during the latter stages of World War II, she served in the waters of the Japanese archipelago. Construction In the final two years of World War II, the Imperial Japanese Army constructed transport submarines — officially the Type 3 submergence transport vehicle and known to the Japanese Army as the Maru Yu — with which to supply its isolated island garrisons in the Pacific. Only submarines of the Yu I type were completed and saw service. The Yu I type was produced in four subclasses, each produced by a different manufacturer and differing primarily in the design of their conning towers and details of their gun armament. None carried torpedoes or had torpedo tubes. Yu 12 was a unit of the Yu 1 subclass. The Hitachi Kasado Works (Hitachi Kasado Seisakujo) at Kudamatsu, Japan, constructed Yu 12. Records of the details of the construction of Yu 12 have not been discovered, but the earlier Yu I-type submarines were laid down and launched during the latter half of 1943 and entered service at the end of 1943 or early in 1944.",The company that constructed the Japanese submarine Yu 12 was Hitachi Kasado Works.,closed_qa What is the capital of Alaska?,,Juneau is the capital,open_qa How does an umpire signal that a batter has been dismissed in a cricket match ?,"The match details, including runs and dismissals, are recorded by two official scorers, one representing each team. The scorers are directed by the hand signals of an umpire (see image, right). For example, the umpire raises a forefinger to signal that the batter is out (has been dismissed); he raises both arms above his head if the batter has hit the ball for six runs. The scorers are required by the Laws to record all runs scored, wickets taken and overs bowled; in practice, they also note significant amounts of additional data relating to the game",An umpire signals that a batter has been dismissed by raising a forefinger.,summarization "Given a reference text about Megan Reid, American professional soccer player, what college did she attend and how many soccer games did she start in her senior year of college?","Reid attended the University of Virginia, where she made 83 appearances and scored two goals. Her senior year, she started all 21 games, scored a golden goal at No. 2 West Virginia, and had two game-winning assists. Also in her senior year, she was named to the All-ACC second team and the ACC Women's Soccer All-Academic team.",Reid attended the University of Virginia and during her senior year she started all 21 games.,closed_qa What is the net worth of one of Taylor Swift's cats?,"Swift is known for her love of cats. Her pet cats have been featured in her visual works, and one of them is the third richest pet animal in the world with an estimated $97 million net worth.","One of Taylor Swift's cats is the third richest pet animal in the world, and it's estimated net worth is $97 million.",closed_qa What foods are commonly eaten with ketchup?,"Ketchup or catsup is a table condiment with a sweet and sour flavor. The unmodified term (""ketchup"") now typically refers to tomato ketchup, although early recipes used egg whites, mushrooms, oysters, grapes, mussels, or walnuts, among other ingredients. Tomato ketchup is made from tomatoes, sugar, and vinegar, with seasonings and spices. The spices and flavors vary, but commonly include onions, allspice, coriander, cloves, cumin, garlic, and mustard, and sometimes include celery, cinnamon, or ginger.[citation needed] The market leader in the United States (60% market share) and the United Kingdom (82%) is Heinz Tomato Ketchup. Tomato ketchup is most often used as a condiment to dishes that are usually served hot and are fried or greasy: french fries and other potato dishes, hamburgers, hot dogs, chicken tenders, hot sandwiches, meat pies, cooked eggs, and grilled or fried meat. Ketchup is sometimes used as the basis for, or as one ingredient in, other sauces and dressings, and the flavor may be replicated as an additive flavoring for snacks, such as potato chips.","Ketchup is often used with french fries and other potato dishes, hamburgers, hot dogs, chicken tenders, hot sandwiches, meat pies, cooked eggs, grilled or fried meat and as an ingredient for salad dressing and sauces.",summarization Who is called Iron Man of India and why?,"Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel (Gujarati: [ʋəlːəbːʰɑi dʒʰəʋeɾbʰɑi pəʈel]; pə-TEL; 31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), commonly known as Sardar Patel, was an Indian lawyer, influential political leader, barrister and statesman who served as the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India from 1947 to 1950. He was a barrister and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress, who played a leading role in the country's struggle for independence, guiding its integration into a united, independent nation. In India and elsewhere, he was often called Sardar, meaning ""chief"" in Hindi, Urdu, Bengali and Persian. He acted as the Home Minister during the political integration of India and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. Patel was born in Nadiad, Kheda district, and raised in the countryside of the state of Gujarat. He was a successful lawyer. One of Mahatma Gandhi's earliest political lieutenants, he organised peasants from Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the British Raj, becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He was appointed as the 49th President of Indian National Congress, organising the party for elections in 1934 and 1937 while promoting the Quit India Movement. As the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India, Patel organised relief efforts for partition refugees fleeing to Punjab and Delhi from Pakistan and worked to restore peace. He led the task of forging a united India, successfully integrating into the newly independent nation those British colonial provinces that formed the Dominion of India. Besides those provinces that had been under direct British rule, approximately 565 self-governing princely states had been released from British suzerainty by the Indian Independence Act of 1947. Patel persuaded almost every princely state to accede to India. His commitment to national integration in the newly independent country was total and uncompromising, earning him the sobriquet ""Iron Man of India"". He is also remembered as the ""patron saint of India's civil servants"" for having established the modern All India Services system. The Statue of Unity, the world's tallest statue which was erected by the Indian government at a cost of US$420 million, was dedicated to him on 31 October 2018 and is approximately 182 metres (597 ft) in height.","Sardar Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel is known as Iron Man of India. Born in 31 October 1875 in Gujarat, Patel was an Indian lawyer, influential political leader, barrister and statesman who served as the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India from 1947 to 1950. After the Indian independence as the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India, Patel organized relief efforts for partition refugees fleeing to Punjab and Delhi from Pakistan and worked to restore peace. He led the task of creating a united India, successfully integrating into the newly independent nation those British colonial provinces that formed the Dominion of India. Approximately 565 self-governing princely states had been released from British suzerainty by the Indian Independence Act of 1947 and became part of the Indian Union. Patel persuaded almost every princely state to accede to India. His commitment to national integration in the newly independent country was total and uncompromising, earning him the sobriquet ""Iron Man of India""",information_extraction Did the Bisons have a winning season in 1958?,"The 1958 North Dakota State Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota State University during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the North Central Conference. In their second year under head coach Bob Danielson, the team compiled a 3–6 record.","No, the Bisons had a losing season in 1958, only winning 3 of their 9 games and losing 6.",summarization Please provide me a summary about Iron Maiden band.,"Iron Maiden are an English heavy metal band formed in Leyton, East London, in 1975 by bassist and primary songwriter Steve Harris. Although fluid in the early years of the band, the lineup for most of the band's history has consisted of Harris, lead vocalist Bruce Dickinson, drummer Nicko McBrain, and guitarists Dave Murray, Adrian Smith and Janick Gers. The band have released 41 albums, including 17 studio albums, 13 live albums, four EPs and seven compilations. They have also released 47 singles and 20 video albums. Two electronic games have been released with Iron Maiden soundtracks, and the band's music is featured in a number of other video games.","Iron Maiden are an English heavy metal band. The most popular lineup is Steve Harris, Bruce Dickinson, Nicko McBrain, Dave Murray, Adrian Smith and Janick Gers. They have released 41 albums, 47 singles, 20 video albums and their music is featured in a number of video games.",summarization Who was Edmund Converse Pierce II?,"Edmund Converse Peirce II (October 9, 1917 – August 8, 2003) was an American physician who was professor and director of hyperbaric medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in Manhattan, New York City from 1966 to 1991. During his career, Peirce published over 150 research articles and is notable for his well-regarded contributions to the refinement of artificial circulatory technologies including the membrane oxygenator.",Edmund Converse Pierce II was an American physician and professor and director of hyperbaric medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine. He was well-regarded for his contributions to the improvement of artificial circulatory technologies.,summarization Give me a list of different berries that I could put in a smoothie,,"Blackberries, strawberries, blueberries, and raspberries would all be good in a smoothie",brainstorming When did the Post Office in Mission Beach first open?,"In the late 1920s after the construction of a road from El Arish, the area became a popular camping place. It was known as Mission Beach due to the mistaken belief that the Hull River Aboriginal Settlement previously located in the region was a religious mission. Mission Beach developed into a town during the 1940s and 50s with the Mission Beach Post Office opening on 15 December 1949.",Mission Beach Post Office opened on 15 December 1949.,closed_qa Why I want to visit Chicago,,"Chicago is one of the best cities in the USA, chicago is known for its architecture. There are lot of fun things to do in and around downtown chicago. Chicago downtown is also known for its best food, you will have option of variety of food when you walk around downtown. Would surely recommend doing the architecture boat ride on the chicago river",creative_writing What is the largest American state by land mass?,,Alaska is the largest state in the United States,open_qa "Given this reference on Yorkshire Terriers, tell me where they originate from, and what are their typical size and color.","The Yorkshire Terrier is a British breed of toy dog of terrier type. It is among the smallest of the terriers and indeed of all dog breeds, with a weight of no more than 3.2 kg. It originated in the nineteenth century in the English county of Yorkshire, for which it is named. Their coats are typically tan on the head with a dark steel-grey body, but they can come in a variety of colors. It is a playful and energetic dog, usually kept as a companion dog. It has contributed to the development of other breeds including the Silky Terrier, and also to cross-breeds such as the Yorkipoo.","Yorkshire Terrier originated from English county of Yorkshire, it has a small size with weight of no more than 3.2 kg. They have a variety of colors but typically their coats are tan on the head and dark steel-grey on the body.",closed_qa What is a Cigar,"A cigar is a rolled bundle of dried and fermented tobacco leaves made to be smoked. Cigars are produced in a variety of sizes and shapes. Since the 20th century, almost all cigars are made of three distinct components: the filler, the binder leaf which holds the filler together, and a wrapper leaf, which is often the highest quality leaf used. Often there will be a cigar band printed with the cigar manufacturer's logo. Modern cigars often come with two bands, especially Cuban cigar bands, showing Limited Edition (Edición Limitada) bands displaying the year of production.","A cigar is a rolled bundle of dried and fermented tobacco leaves made to be smoked. Cigars are produced in a variety of sizes and shapes. Since the 20th century, almost all cigars are made of three distinct components: the filler, the binder leaf which holds the filler together, and a wrapper leaf, which is often the highest quality leaf used.",summarization "Given this paragraph about history of China, what is the name of the river that nurtured China's civilization.","The history of the area now known as China has alternated between periods of prosperity, political unity, and peace and periods of war and statehood. The Yellow River nurtured China's civilization. Between eras of multiple kingdoms and warlordism, Chinese dynasties have ruled parts or all of China; in some eras control stretched as far as Xinjiang, Tibet and Inner Mongolia, as at present. The regions were occupied by other people-groups; often, non-settled peoples of the steppe identified as Mongolic, Turkic and Khitan. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is among the world's oldest civilizations and is regarded as one of the cradles of civilization.",The river nurtured China's civilization is named the Yellow River,closed_qa "Given the reference text below, what is Safer Internet Day?","Safer Internet Day is celebrated worldwide to raise awareness about online safety. Many people take safety on the internet for granted and for that reason it is important to educate people about possible data breaches. Childnet, as part of the UK Safer Internet Centre, coordinate Safer Internet Day in the UK. Safer Internet Day 2015 saw over 800 organizations in the UK taking part to help promote the safe, responsible and positive use of digital technology for children and young people. For the day the UK Safer Internet Centre launched a new study Friendship in a Digital Age and launched the #Up2Us film, which was made by 150 young people to inspire others to do something kind online.",Safer Internet Day raises awareness about internet safety for children and young people.,closed_qa What country has the most all time medals at the Winter Olympics?,,Norway leads the all time medal count for the winter olympics,open_qa What is The Masters?,"The Masters Tournament (usually referred to as simply The Masters, or the U.S. Masters outside North America) is one of the four major championships in professional golf. Scheduled for the first full week of April, the Masters is the first major of the year, and unlike the others, it is always held at the same location, Augusta National Golf Club, a private course in the city of Augusta, Georgia, in the southeastern United States.","The Masters Tournament is one of the four major professional golf championships and is scheduled for the first full week of April. The Masters is the first major of the year and is held at the same location every year - Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia.",information_extraction What is The Dark Side of the Moon?,"The Dark Side of the Moon is the eighth studio album by the English rock band Pink Floyd, released on 1 March 1973 by Harvest Records. Developed during live performances before recording began, it was conceived as a concept album that would focus on the pressures faced by the band during their arduous lifestyle, and also deal with the mental health problems of former band member Syd Barrett, who departed the group in 1968. New material was recorded in two sessions in 1972 and 1973 at EMI Studios (now Abbey Road Studios) in London.",The Dark Side of the Moon is Pink Floyd's 8th studio album. It is about the band's difficult lifestyle and touches on the mental health problems of former band member Syd Barrett.,summarization What is the Firefly Music Festival?,,"The Firefly Music Festival is a multi genre music festival that started in 2012. It is held in Dover, Delaware and is 4 days long. The artists who perform at Firefly vary significantly in genre, including country, pop, punk, hip hop, EDM, and alternative. Most people who attend Firefly camp onsite, but you can also stay in local hotels or commute to the festival.",open_qa What is the history of the national commission for aerospace research and development,"The National Commission for Aerospace Research and Development (CONIDA) (Spanish: Comisión Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Aeroespacial) is a national space agency tasked with government space activities in Peru. History CONIDA was founded on 11 June 1974 following Decree Law 20643, designated to be an entity subordinate to then the Ministry of Aeronautics, which was later merged into the Ministry of Defense. Peru joined the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization on 28 October 2005.","The National Commission for Aerospace Research and Development (CONIDA) is a national space agency tasked with government space activities in Peru. CONIDA was founded on 11 June 1974 following Decree Law 20643, designated to be an entity subordinate to then the Ministry of Aeronautics, which was later merged into the Ministry of Defense. Peru joined the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization on 28 October 2005.",summarization Who is the lead singer of the band elbow?,,Guy Garvey is the lead singer of elbow.,open_qa Is the capital city and the largest city of Chile same or different?,"Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country located in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. With an area of 756,096 square kilometers (291,930 sq mi) and a population of 17.5 million as of 2017, Chile shares borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. The country also controls several Pacific islands, including Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island, and claims about 1,250,000 square kilometers (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica as the Chilean Antarctic Territory.[nb 2] The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago, and the national language is Spanish.",They are the same. Santiago.,closed_qa What is the capital of Arkansas?,,Little Rock is the capital,open_qa What programming languages does freeCodeCamp teach to students?,"freeCodeCamp (also referred to as Free Code Camp) is a non-profit organization that consists of an interactive learning web platform, an online community forum, chat rooms, online publications and local organizations that intend to make learning web development accessible to anyone. Beginning with tutorials that introduce students to HTML, CSS and JavaScript, students progress to project assignments that they complete either alone or in pairs. Upon completion of all project tasks, students are partnered with other nonprofits to build web applications, giving the students practical development experience.","freeCodeCamp is a non-profit organization that has tutorials that introduce students to HTML, CSS and JavaScript.",closed_qa "Given the reference text about the science fiction novel Neuromancer, tell me the novel's author and the name of the main protagonist.","Neuromancer is a 1984 science fiction novel by American-Canadian writer William Gibson. Considered one of the earliest and best-known works in the cyberpunk genre, it is the only novel to win the Nebula Award, the Philip K. Dick Award, and the Hugo Award. It was Gibson's debut novel and the beginning of the Sprawl trilogy. Set in the future, the novel follows Henry Case, a washed-up hacker hired for one last job, which brings him in contact with a powerful artificial intelligence.",Neuromancer was written by William Gibson and its main protagonist is Henry Case.,closed_qa Who are the top 4 in EPL?,"The 2000s saw the rise of first Liverpool, and then Arsenal to real competitiveness, Chelsea finally breaking the duopoly by winning in 2004-05. The dominance of the so-called ""Top Four"" clubs. Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool and Manchester United saw them finish at the top of the table for the bulk of the decade, thereby guaranteeing qualification for the UEFA Champions League. Only three other clubs managed to qualify for the competition during this period: Newcastle United (2001–02 and 2002–03), Everton (2004–05) and Tottenham Hotspur (2009–10) – each occupying the final Champions League spot, with the exception of Newcastle in the 2002–03 season, who finished third. Following the 2003–04 season, Arsenal acquired the nickname ""The Invincibles"" as it became the first, and to date, only club to complete a Premier League campaign without losing a single game. In May 2008, Kevin Keegan stated that ""Top Four"" dominance threatened the division: ""This league is in danger of becoming one of the most boring but great leagues in the world."" Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore said in defence: ""There are a lot of different tussles that go on in the Premier League depending on whether you're at the top, in the middle or at the bottom that make it interesting."" Between 2005 and 2012 there was a Premier League representative in seven of the eight Champions League finals, with only ""Top Four"" clubs reaching that stage. Liverpool (2005), Manchester United (2008) and Chelsea (2012) won the competition during this period, with Arsenal (2006), Liverpool (2007), Chelsea (2008) and Manchester United (2009 and 2011) all losing Champions League finals. Leeds United were the only non-""Top Four"" side to reach the semi-finals of the Champions League, in the 2000–01 season. There were three Premier League teams in the Champions League semi-finals in 2006–07, 2007–08, and 2008–09, a feat only ever achieved five times (along with Serie A in 2002–03 and La Liga in 1999–2000). Additionally, between the 1999–2000 and 2009–10 seasons, four Premier League sides reached UEFA Cup or Europa League finals, with only Liverpool managing to win the competition in 2001. Arsenal (2000), Middlesbrough (2006) and Fulham (2010) all lost their finals. Although the group's dominance was reduced to a degree after this period with the emergence of Manchester City and Tottenham, in terms of all-time Premier League points won they remain clear by some margin. As of the end of the 2021–22 season – the 27th season of the Premier League – Liverpool, in fourth place in the all-time points table, were over 300 points ahead of the next team, Tottenham Hotspur. They are also the only teams to maintain a winning average of over 50% throughout their entire Premier League tenures.","Arsenal, Liverpool, Manchester United and Chelsea are know as the ""Top Four"" in the English Premier league.",summarization Which is a species of fish? Reedfish or Reed,,Reedfish,classification Why is wine country in Northern California a great place to travel?,,"Traveling to wine country in Northern California is an excellent place to travel. There are countless vineyards to visit, some of the best restaurants in the country, and picturesque views everywhere. Visiting wine country is a relaxing vacation where travelers can enjoy slowing down their daily pace and just enjoy the beautiful surroundings around them. Wine country is also rich in history and the quaint towns can be fun to just walk around.",creative_writing "Identify the bird from the list: Bar-tailed godwit, Leopard, Shark",,Bar-tailed godwit,classification When was slavery abolished in the United States?,"After the United States was founded in 1776, abolition of slavery occurred in the Northern United States. The country was split into slave and free states. Still, slavery was not finally ended throughout the nation until near the end of the American Civil War and the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865.",Slavery was abolished via the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 near the end of the American Civil War,closed_qa Which artist made the hit song One More Time?,,Daft Punk,open_qa Who created the scheme programming language?,"Scheme is a dialect of the Lisp family of programming languages. Scheme was created during the 1970s at the MIT AI Lab and released by its developers, Guy L. Steele and Gerald Jay Sussman, via a series of memos now known as the Lambda Papers. It was the first dialect of Lisp to choose lexical scope and the first to require implementations to perform tail-call optimization, giving stronger support for functional programming and associated techniques such as recursive algorithms. It was also one of the first programming languages to support first-class continuations. It had a significant influence on the effort that led to the development of Common Lisp.",The scheme programming language was developed by Guy L. Steele and Gerald Jay Sussman during the 1970s at the MIT AI Lab in a series of memos known as the Lambda Papers.,information_extraction Who are the three main characters of the Harry Potter Series?,,"Harry Potter, Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley are the main characters of Harry Potter",open_qa Where is the post office of Shawboro located?,"Shawboro is an unincorporated community located in Currituck County, North Carolina, United States. The area takes its name from Henry Marchmore Shaw. The post office is located close to the intersection of Shawboro Road (NC 34) and North Indian Town Road (SR 1147). The ZIP Code is 27973. The Shawboro area is covered by three different telephone exchanges: Elizabeth City, Moyock, and Shiloh. Shawboro is served by Crawford Township fire and rescue services as well as Shawboro Elementary School, a K–5 school with approximately 500 students. Culong, the Shaw House, and Twin Houses are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.","The post office of Shawboro, North Carolina is located close to the intersection of NC 34 Shawboro road and North Indian Town Road (SR 1147).",summarization When is the World Teacher's Day celebrated?,,World Teacher's Day is celebrated on 5th October,open_qa "Given this paragraph about the original church in Guston in 1892, what were the two ways that were used to announce the beginning of services?","English congregationalist preacher Rev. William Davis found some success evangelizing the miners and their families after establishing a church in Guston in 1892, the only one in the Red Mountain Mining District. The church had not only a bell but also a steam whistle to announce when services were commencing. Davis had earlier tried unsuccessfully to establish a church in Red Mountain Town. The day after the Guston church opened, the commercial district of Red Mountain Town was destroyed in a fire, with some local residents suggesting it was the result of ""divine intervention"". Between 1941 and 1945, the by-then abandoned Guston church had begun to tilt heavily, eventually collapsing.",The church used both a bell and a steam whistle to announce the start of services.,closed_qa Who won the San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Cinematography in 2012?,"The San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Cinematography is an award given by the San Diego Film Critics Society to honor the finest directing achievements in filmmaking. Winners 2000s Year Winner Cinematographer(s) 2000 Gladiator John Mathieson 2001 The Man Who Wasn't There Roger Deakins 2002 Road to Perdition Conrad L. Hall 2003 Girl with a Pearl Earring Eduardo Serra 2004 Hero (Ying xiong) Christopher Doyle The Phantom of the Opera John Mathieson 2005 The New World Emmanuel Lubezki 2006 The Illusionist Dick Pope 2007 No Country for Old Men Roger Deakins 2008 Slumdog Millionaire Anthony Dod Mantle 2009 The Road Javier Aguirresarobe 2010s Year Winner Cinematographer(s) 2010 Inception Wally Pfister 2011 The Tree of Life Emmanuel Lubezki 2012 Life of Pi Claudio Miranda 2013 To the Wonder Emmanuel Lubezki 2014 Nightcrawler Robert Elswit 2015 Sicario Roger Deakins 2016 Hell or High Water Giles Nuttgens 2017 Dunkirk Hoyte van Hoytema 2018 The Ballad of Buster Scruggs Bruno Delbonnel The Rider Joshua James Richards 2019 The Lighthouse Jarin Blaschke 2020s Year Winner Cinematographer(s) 2020 Nomadland Joshua James Richards",Claudio Miranda won the San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Cinematography in 2012 as cinematographer for Life of Pi,information_extraction What happened at the 1947 Amateur World Series,"The 1947 Amateur World Series was held from November 29 through December 20 in Barranquilla, Colombia. It was the 9th Amateur World Series. The Cuban national team sat out and the competition only consisted of other Caribbean, Central American and South American teams.[citation needed] Thus, host Colombia won its first title.","The 1947 Amateur World Series was held from November 29 through December 20 in Barranquilla, Colombia. It was the 9th Amateur World Series. The Cuban national team sat out and the competition only consisted of other Caribbean, Central American and South American teams. Thus, host Colombia won its first title.",summarization What is the name of the professional football team in Colorado?,,The Denver Broncos,open_qa "Given this text about the Major League Baseball, where do Major League Baseball teams play spring training games and why.","Spring training is a series of practices and exhibition games preceding the start of the regular season. Teams hold training camps in the states of Arizona and Florida, where the early warm weather allows teams to practice and play without worrying about the late winter cold. Spring training allows new players to compete for roster and position spots and gives existing team players practice time prior to competitive play. The teams that hold spring training in Arizona are grouped into the Cactus League, while teams that hold camp in Florida are known as the Grapefruit League. Spring training has always attracted fan attention, drawing crowds who travel to the warmer climates to enjoy the weather and watch their favorite teams play, and spring training usually coincides with spring break for many college students. Autograph seekers also find greater access to players during spring training.[citation needed]","Spring training games are played in the states of Arizona or Florida due to the warm weather, even early in the year.",closed_qa "Given the following paragraph on gene regulation, what are operons and where do they occur?","The regulation of gene expression by environmental factors and during different stages of development can occur at each step of the process such as transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene expression can be influenced by positive or negative regulation, depending on which of the two types of regulatory proteins called transcription factors bind to the DNA sequence close to or at a promoter. A cluster of genes that share the same promoter is called an operon, found mainly in prokaryotes and some lower eukaryotes (e.g., Caenorhabditis elegans). In positive regulation of gene expression, the activator is the transcription factor that stimulates transcription when it binds to the sequence near or at the promoter. Negative regulation occurs when another transcription factor called a repressor binds to a DNA sequence called an operator, which is part of an operon, to prevent transcription. Repressors can be inhibited by compounds called inducers (e.g., allolactose), thereby allowing transcription to occur. Specific genes that can be activated by inducers are called inducible genes, in contrast to constitutive genes that are almost constantly active. In contrast to both, structural genes encode proteins that are not involved in gene regulation. In addition to regulatory events involving the promoter, gene expression can also be regulated by epigenetic changes to chromatin, which is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells.",Operons are clusters of genes that share the same promoter. They occur mainly in prokaryotes and some lower eukaryotes such as Caenorhabditis elegans.,closed_qa "Given a reference text about Kostas Georgakis, when did he go to Italy and what did he do there?","Kostas Georgakis (Greek: Κώστας Γεωργάκης) (23 August 1948 – 19 September 1970) was a Greek student of geology, who in the early hours of 19 September 1970, set himself ablaze in Matteotti square in Genoa in a fatal protest against the dictatorial regime of Georgios Papadopoulos. Early life Georgakis grew up in Corfu in a family of five. His father was a self-employed tailor of modest means. Both his father and grandfather distinguished themselves in the major wars that Greece fought in the 20th century. He attended the second lyceum in Corfu where he excelled in his studies. In August 1967, a few months after the 21 April coup in Greece, Georgakis went to Italy to study as a geologist in Genoa. He received 5,000 drachmas per month from his father and this, according to friends' testimony, made him feel guilty for the financial burden his family endured so that he could attend a university. In Italy he met Rosanna, an Italian girl of the same age and they got engaged. In 1968 Georgakis became a member of the Center Union party of Georgios Papandreou.","Kostas Georgakis went to Genoa, Italy in 1967 to study geology.",closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Mola mola or Molar,,Mola mola,classification Who are Coldplay,"Coldplay are a British rock band formed in London in 1997. They consist of vocalist and pianist Chris Martin, guitarist Jonny Buckland, bassist Guy Berryman, drummer Will Champion and creative director Phil Harvey. They met at University College London and began playing music together from 1997 to 1998, initially calling themselves Starfish.","Coldplay are a British rock band formed in London in 1997. They consist of vocalist and pianist Chris Martin, guitarist Jonny Buckland, bassist Guy Berryman, drummer Will Champion and creative director Phil Harvey. They met at University College London and began playing music together from 1997 to 1998, initially calling themselves Starfish.",summarization "Based on the reference text about McDonalds, tell me what year it was founded, how many daily customers they have, and their best selling product.","McDonald's Corporation is an American multinational fast food chain, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States. They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand, and later turned the company into a franchise, with the Golden Arches logo being introduced in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona. In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers. McDonald's had its previous headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but moved its global headquarters to Chicago in June 2018. McDonald's is the world's largest fast food restaurant chain, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries in more than 40,000 outlets as of 2021. McDonald's is best known for its hamburgers, cheeseburgers and french fries, although their menu also includes other items like chicken, fish, fruit, and salads. Their best-selling licensed item are their french fries, followed by the Big Mac. The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants. McDonald's is the world's second-largest private employer with 1.7 million employees (behind Walmart with 2.3 million employees). As of 2022, McDonald's has the sixth-highest global brand valuation. McDonald's has been subject to criticism over the health effects of its products, its treatment of employees, and other business practices.",McDonalds was founded in 1940 and serves over 69 million customers a day as of 2021. It's best selling product are their french fries.,closed_qa "Given the text about the 2019 Masters Tournament, tell me who won the golf tournament, where the tournament was held and what age the winner was?","The 2019 Masters Tournament was the 83rd edition of the Masters Tournament and the first of golf's four major championships in 2019, held between April 11 and 14 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Tiger Woods won his fifth Green Jacket, and fifteenth major, by one stroke ahead of three runners-up. It left him one shy of Jack Nicklaus's record six Masters wins, and three short of his record eighteen major wins. At age 43, he became the eleventh oldest player to win a major, and the second oldest Masters winner, again only bettered by Nicklaus who won at age 46. It was 11 years after his last major win, the 2008 U.S. Open, and 14 years since his last Masters win beating the previous record of 13 years held by Gary Player. Due to the high profile of Woods, and his storied fall from the top of the game due to personal issues and injuries, the victory generated a large amount of publicity around the world, and is regarded as one of the great sporting comebacks.","Tiger Woods won the golf tournament at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, GA and was 43 years old.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph about the town of Birkenhead, what the does the name Birkenhead probably mean?","The name Birkenhead probably means ""headland overgrown with birch"", from the Old English bircen meaning birch tree, of which many once grew on the headland which jutted into the river at Woodside. The name is not derived from the Birket, a stream which enters the Mersey between Birkenhead and Seacombe. The Birket is a later name which was introduced by Ordnance Survey.","It probably means ""headland overgrown with birch"".",closed_qa In what year was pickleball invented?,"The game was created in 1965 on Bainbridge Island, Washington, at the summer home of Joel Pritchard, who later served in the United States Congress and as Washington's lieutenant governor. Pritchard and two of his friends, Barney McCallum and Bill Bell, are credited with devising the game and establishing the rules.","Pickleball was created in 1965 on Bainbridge Island, Washington.",closed_qa What is a byte?,"The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures. To disambiguate arbitrarily sized bytes from the common 8-bit definition, network protocol documents such as the Internet Protocol (RFC 791) refer to an 8-bit byte as an octet. Those bits in an octet are usually counted with numbering from 0 to 7 or 7 to 0 depending on the bit endianness. The first bit is number 0, making the eighth bit number 7.","A byte is a unit of digital information consisting of eight bits (typically). Historically, a byte was the number of bits needed to encode a single character of text in a computer. Because of this, a byte is the smallest unit of. memory in many computer architectures.",summarization In what part of the United States is the New England region?,,New England is located in the northeast of the United States.,open_qa When is India's independence day?,,India celebrates her independence day on the 15th day of August every year. The prime minister hoists the national flag at red fort and gives a speech to the nation.,open_qa Where is the Kilo railway station,"Kilo is a station on the VR commuter rail network on the Rantarata line located in Kilo, a district of the city of Espoo in Finland. It is situated between Leppävaara railway station and Kera railway station, approximately 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northwest/west of Helsinki Central railway station.","Kilo is a station on the VR commuter rail network on the Rantarata line located in Kilo, a district of the city of Espoo in Finland. It is situated between Leppavaara railway station and Kera railway station, approximately 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northwest/west of Helsinki Central railway station.",closed_qa What is an adjacency list?,"In graph theory and computer science, an adjacency list is a collection of unordered lists used to represent a finite graph. Each unordered list within an adjacency list describes the set of neighbors of a particular vertex in the graph. This is one of several commonly used representations of graphs for use in computer programs.","In graph theory and computer science, an adjacency list is a collection of unordered lists used to represent a finite graph.",closed_qa What was the first electric car to pass 1 million global sales?,"The Tesla Model 3 became the world's all-time best-selling electric car in early 2020, and in June 2021 became the first electric car to pass 1 million global sales. Together with other emerging automotive technologies such as autonomous driving, connected vehicles and shared mobility, electric cars form a future mobility vision called Autonomous, Connected, Electric and Shared (ACES) Mobility.",The Tesla Model 3,closed_qa "Given the reference paragraph, when was the CUBC formed?","The Cambridge University Boat Club (CUBC) is the rowing club of the University of Cambridge, England. The club was founded in 1828 and has been located at the Goldie Boathouse on the River Cam, Cambridge since 1882. Nowadays, training primarily takes place on the River Great Ouse at Ely.",The Cambridge University Boat Club (CUBC) was founded in 1828,closed_qa Why do people like Blue Light Therapy?,,"Blue Light Therapy, similar to Red Light Therapy, helps with acne and clearing up skin. It helps reduce the bacteria on your face and can also decrease blemishes. Some devices are only Blue Light Therapy, but if you are interested in both Blue and Red Light Therapy, you can find some that offer both settings.",creative_writing Hip Hop song Make Me Proud,"""Make Me Proud"" is a hip hop song by Canadian recording artist Drake, released as the third single from his second studio album, Take Care, featuring rapper Nicki Minaj. It was released as a digital download on October 16, 2011 and impacted rhythmic radio on October 25, 2011 in the U.S.","Make Me Proud is a hip hop song by Canadian recording artist Drake, released as the third single from his second studio album, Take Care, featuring rapper Nicki Minaj. It was released as a digital download on October 16, 2011 and impacted rhythmic radio on October 25, 2011 in the U.S.",summarization "Which of these are contact sports - hockey, badminton, tennis, grid iron football",,hockey and grid iron football are contact sports,classification What countries are regarded as Nordic?,,"Nordic countries can be found in Northern Europe. It includes Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Iceland.",open_qa "Given a reference text about Anoop Nautiyal, what did his work focus on?","Anoop Nautiyal is a social activist based in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. His work has focused on issues of environment and sustainable development of the state. He is the founder of Social Development Communities Foundation, an NGO and think tank based in Dehradun, which works works at the grassroots level for the empowerment of communities, as well as the sustainable development of the mountain state of Uttarakhand. He is a prolific social communicator and has also been a columnist for the Indian Express. He had a brief foray in the political space and contested the 2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election. Anoop Nautiyal attended Shri Ram College of Commerce and National Institute of Fashion Technology in New Delhi.[1",Anoop Nautiyal's work has focused on issues regarding the environment and sustainable development.,closed_qa "Given this paragraph about speed limits, what was first law regulating speed limits in UK, when was it enacted and what speed limits it set.","The use of speed limits predates both motorized vehicles, and enforcement of the laws. Facing the invention of the automobile, many nations enacted speed limit laws, and appropriate measures to enforce them. The Locomotive Acts in the UK set speed limits for vehicles, and later codified enforcement methods. The first Locomotive Act, passed in 1861, set a speed limit of 10 miles per hour (16 km/h) in uninhabited areas, and 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h) within towns. This act also included the value of fines for violations of the law.","The first speed limit law in UK was called Locomotive Act, passed in 1861, set a speed limit of 10 miles per hour (16 km/h) in uninhabited areas, and 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h) within towns.",closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Toadfish or Toad,,Toadfish,classification "Given a reference text about Kennebunkport, tell me its neighboring towns and where it is located.","Kennebunkport /ˌkɛniˈbʌŋkˌpɔːrt/ is a resort town in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,629 people at the 2020 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford metropolitan statistical area. The town center, the area in and around Dock Square, is located along the Kennebunk River, approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) from the mouth of the river on the Atlantic Ocean. Historically a shipbuilding and fishing village, for well over a century the town has been a popular summer colony and seaside tourist destination. The Dock Square area has a district of souvenir shops, art galleries, schooner attractions, seafood restaurants, and bed and breakfasts. Cape Porpoise, while retaining its identity as a fishing harbor, has a very small village area with several restaurants, a church, grocery store, coffee shop, small library, and art gallery. Kennebunkport has a reputation as a summer haven for the upper class and is one of the wealthiest communities in the state of Maine. The Municipality of Kennebunkport includes the constituent villages of Kennebunkport Village, Cape Arundel & Colony Beach, the Cottage Coast, Wilde's District (Wildwood), Goose Rocks Beach, Turbatts Creek, Cape Porpoise Village, North Village Crossing (Townhouse Corner), among various other newer developments. The town is the home of Walker's Point, a summer estate of the Bush family. Kennebunkport and neighboring towns Kennebunk and Arundel comprise school district RSU 21. The Kennebunkport Christmas Prelude takes place annually in the town, beginning either in late November or early December.","Kennebunkport is located in York County, Maine and is neighbored by the towns of Kennebunk and Arundel.",closed_qa What is Pinot Noir?,"Pinot noir (French: [pino nwaʁ]) is a red-wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. The name may also refer to wines created predominantly from pinot noir grapes. The name is derived from the French words for pine and black. The word pine alludes to the grape variety having tightly clustered, pinecone–shaped bunches of fruit. Pinot noir is grown around the world, mostly in cooler climates, and the variety is chiefly associated with the Burgundy region of France. Pinot noir is now used to make red wines around the world, as well as champagne, sparkling white wines such as the Italian Franciacorta, and English sparkling wines. Regions that have gained a reputation for red pinot noir wines include the Willamette Valley of Oregon; the Carneros, Central Coast, Sonoma Coast, and Russian River AVAs of California; the Elgin and Walker Bay wine regions of South Africa; the Mornington Peninsula, Adelaide Hills, Great Southern, Tasmania, and Yarra Valley in Australia; and the Central Otago, Martinborough, and Marlborough wine regions of New Zealand. Pinot noir is the most planted varietal (38%) used in sparkling wine production in Champagne and other wine regions.","Pinot noir (French: [pino nwaʁ]) is a red-wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Pinot noir is grown around the world, mostly in cooler climates, and the variety is chiefly associated with the Burgundy region of France. Pinot noir is now used to make red wines around the world, as well as champagne, sparkling white wines such as the Italian Franciacorta, and English sparkling wines.",closed_qa Which is the most popular Italian Song Festival,"The Sanremo Music Festival (Italian: Festival di Sanremo [ˈfɛstival di sanˈrɛːmo, festiˈval -]), officially the Italian Song Festival (Italian: Festival della canzone italiana), is the most popular Italian song contest and awards ceremony, held annually in the city of Sanremo, Liguria",The Sanremo Music Festival,closed_qa "Given a reference text about the history of Real Madrid Football Club, tell me the year it was founded and the name of its current stadium.","Founded in 1902 as Madrid Football Club, the club has traditionally worn a white home kit since its inception. The honorific title real is Spanish for ""royal"" and was bestowed to the club by King Alfonso XIII in 1920 together with the royal crown in the emblem. Real Madrid have played their home matches in the 81,044-capacity Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in downtown Madrid since 1947. Unlike most European sporting entities, Real Madrid's members (socios) have owned and operated the club throughout its history. The club is one of the most widely supported in the world, and was estimated to be worth $5.1 billion in 2022, making it the world's most valuable football team. In 2021, it was the second highest-earning football club in the world, with an annual revenue of €640.7 million.","Real Madrid was founded in 1902 as Madrid Football Club. Its current stadium, where they play their home matches, is Santiago Bernabeu Stadium.",closed_qa "Given a reference text about N.V. Virgin Express S.A., tell me its main hub and when it was founded.","N.V. Virgin Express S.A. was a Belgian airline created within the Virgin Group. It operated flights mainly to southern Europe from its hub at Brussels Airport. Ticket sales were mainly through the Internet. The airline merged with SN Brussels Airlines to form Brussels Airlines, which started operations on 25 March 2007. Virgin Express' head office was in Building 116 at Brussels Airport in Zaventem, Belgium, near Brussels. History Virgin Express was founded on 23 April 1996, when the Virgin Group (with chairman Richard Branson) bought the Belgian leisure airline EBA - EuroBelgian Airlines, founded by Victor Hasson and Georges Gutelman, and rebranded it Virgin Express. It also took over EBA's fleet of Boeing 737s and operated this type of aircraft from thereon. The airline soon concentrated on low-budget scheduled flights out of its Brussels hub, and became a major competitor for Sabena and later SN Brussels Airlines. In October 2004, the Virgin Group sold its assets to SN Brussels Airlines, and both airlines were integrated into the parent holding company SN Airholding, chaired by Viscount Étienne Davignon. On 31 March 2006, SN Brussels Airlines and Virgin Express announced their merger into a single company, named Brussels Airlines. The combined airline added long haul destinations and strengthened its position in Africa.","N.V. Virgin Express S.A. was founded on April 23, 1996 and its main hub was the Brussels Airport.",closed_qa "Given a reference text about Gaya Island, how many hiking trails and 5 star resorts are on the island?","Gaya Island (Malay: Pulau Gaya) is a sizeable Malaysian island of 1,465 ha, just 10 minutes off Kota Kinabalu, Sabah and forms part of the Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park. Gaya Island derived its name from the Bajau word ""Gayo"" which means big and occupies an area of 15 km2 (3,700 acres) with an elevation of up to 300 metres. Several ridges rise more than 600 feet (180 m), peaking at 1,000 feet (300 m), along the backbone of Gaya Island. Gaya is the largest island in the Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park, closest to downtown Kota Kinabalu (KK) and is covered with dense virgin, tropical forest. It has been a forest reserve since 1923. The island has 20 km of hiking trails and three 5 star resorts named Gayana Marine Resort, home to the Marine Ecology Research Centre, the neighboring Gaya Island Resort (by YTL Hotel Group), the Bunga Raya Island Resort on the north-east part of the island. Historically, Gaya Island was also the site of the English colonialist's British North Borneo Company's harbour, razed by the folk hero Mat Salleh on 9 July 1897. In recent years, there has been a plan to turn Gaya Island into a city island and tourism hub. A cable car line has also been proposed before to connect with the city centre.",Gaya Island has 20km of hiking trails and three 5 star resorts.,closed_qa Who is Ronald Peter Nash,Ronald Peter Nash CMG (born 18 September 1946) is a British diplomat who served as Ambassador to Afghanistan from 2002 to 2003. He was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 2004 New Year Honours.,"Ronald Peter Nash CMG (born 18 September 1946) is a British diplomat who served as Ambassador to Afghanistan from 2002 to 2003. He was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 2004 New Year Honours.",summarization Which is a species of fish? Puppy or Pupfish,,Pupfish,classification What do you know about Apache Spark?,"Apache Spark is an open-source unified analytics engine for large-scale data processing. Spark provides an interface for programming clusters with implicit data parallelism and fault tolerance. Originally developed at the University of California, Berkeley's AMPLab, the Spark codebase was later donated to the Apache Software Foundation, which has maintained it since.",Apache Spark is an open-source analytics engine for large-scale data processing.,closed_qa What is New England,"New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick to the northeast and Quebec to the north. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and southeast, and Long Island Sound is to the southwest. Boston is New England's largest city, as well as the capital of Massachusetts. Greater Boston is the largest metropolitan area, with nearly a third of New England's population; this area includes Worcester, Massachusetts (the second-largest city in New England), Manchester, New Hampshire (the largest city in New Hampshire), and Providence, Rhode Island (the capital of and largest city in Rhode Island).","New England is a region in the Northeastern part of United States comprising of six states namely, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont. Boston is the largest city in New England.",summarization Using examples taken from the text give me a summary of why the Boston Marathon is well known.,"The Boston Marathon is an annual marathon race hosted by several cities and towns in greater Boston in eastern Massachusetts, United States. It is traditionally held on Patriots' Day, the third Monday of April. Begun in 1897, the event was inspired by the success of the first marathon competition in the 1896 Summer Olympics. The Boston Marathon is the world's oldest annual marathon and ranks as one of the world's best-known road racing events. It is one of six World Marathon Majors. Its course runs from Hopkinton in southern Middlesex County to Copley Square in Boston. The Boston Athletic Association (B.A.A.) has organized this event annually since 1897, except for 2020 when it was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021, it was held later, in October. The race has been managed by DMSE Sports, Inc., since 1988. Amateur and professional runners from all over the world compete in the Boston Marathon each year, braving the hilly Massachusetts terrain and varying weather to take part in the race. The event attracts 500,000 spectators each year, making it New England's most widely viewed sporting event. Starting with just 15 participants in 1897, the event now attracts an average of about 30,000 registered participants each year, with 30,251 people entering in 2015. The Centennial Boston Marathon in 1996 established a record as the world's largest marathon with 38,708 entrants, 36,748 starters, and 35,868 finishers.","The Boston Marathon, which began in 1897, is the world's oldest annual marathon inspired by the 1896 Summer Olympics. The Boston Marathon is one of the six World Marathon Majors. The race has been held annually since 1897 except for 2020, when the race was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The marathon is traditionally held on Patriot's Day, the third Monday of April. It attracts 500,000 spectators and 30,000 registered participants each year making it one of the most well known road racing events.",summarization What is Jenkins?,,"Jenkins is an open source automation server. It helps automate the parts of software development related to building, testing, and deploying, facilitating continuous integration and continuous delivery.",open_qa "Who founded the Society of Jesus, and what are they more commonly known as?","The Society of Jesus, commonly known as the Jesuits, is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions, with the approval of Pope Paul III. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations. Jesuits work in education, research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also conduct retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social and humanitarian ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue.",The Society of Jesus are more commonly known as the Jesuits and were founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola and six of his companions. They are known for their work in the field of education.,summarization What is LSD,"Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD (from German Lysergsäure-diethylamid), also known colloquially as acid, is a potent psychedelic drug. Effects typically include intensified thoughts, emotions, and sensory perception. At sufficiently high dosages LSD manifests primarily mental, visual, as well as auditory, hallucinations. Dilated pupils, increased blood pressure, and increased body temperature are typical. Effects typically begin within half an hour and can last for up to 20 hours. LSD is also capable of causing mystical experiences and ego dissolution. It is used mainly as a recreational drug or for spiritual reasons. LSD is both the prototypical psychedelic and one of the ""classical"" psychedelics, being the psychedelics with the greatest scientific and cultural significance. LSD is typically either swallowed or held under the tongue. It is most often sold on blotter paper and less commonly as tablets, in a watery solution or in gelatin squares called panes.","Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD (from German Lysergsaeure-diethylamid), also known colloquially as acid, is a potent psychedelic drug. Effects typically include intensified thoughts, emotions, and sensory perception. At sufficiently high dosages LSD manifests primarily mental, visual, as well as auditory, hallucinations. Dilated pupils, increased blood pressure, and increased body temperature are typical.",summarization How many continents are there in total?,,There are 7 continents in total.,open_qa "Given this paragraph about British Shorthairs, what are the typical characteristics of this cat breed's temperament?","British Shorthairs are an easygoing and dignified breed, not as active and playful as many, but sweet-natured and devoted to their owners, making them a favorite of animal trainers. They tend to be safe around other pets and children since they will tolerate a fair amount of physical interaction, but as a rule do not like to be picked up or carried. They require only minimal grooming and take well to being kept as indoor-only cats; however, they can be prone to obesity unless care is taken with their diet. They are quiet and vigilant, but if they trust their owners, they will silently follow the owners’ activities and stay with them. British Shorthair cats are not lap cats. They are more accustomed to staying beside people than squatting on people’s laps. Similarly, they prefer the feeling of having their feet on the ground. They have low voice and a moderate activity level. When there is no one at home, they will stay at home quietly and wait for their owners to come back.","British Shorthairs are an easygoing, quiet and dignified breed. They are sweet-natured and devoted to their owners. When there is no one at home, they will stay at home quietly and wait for their owners to come back.",closed_qa Who has the most #1 hits in country music?,,"George Strait. As of 2015, George Strait holds the record for the most country number-one singles with 44.",open_qa What is Armin van Buuren known for?,,"Armin van Buuren is known for his innovative DJing style, which blends progressive house, techno, and trance. He has been hailed as one of the most influential DJs in the electronic music scene, and his unique sound and style have made him a global superstar.",open_qa How many World Series have the Detroit Tigers won?,,"The Detroit Tigers are an American professional baseball team based in Detroit that plays in the American League (AL). The Tigers have won four World Series titles (1935, 1945, 1968, 1984) and 11 AL pennants.",open_qa What public health inventions did Louis Pasteur contribute to society?,,Louis Pasteur is famous for the discovery of the pasteurization process and vaccination methods,open_qa What professional football team play in red and blue and are based in south london?,"Crystal Palace Football Club, commonly referred to as Palace, is a professional football club based in Selhurst in the Borough of Croydon, South London, England, which competes in the Premier League, the highest level of English football. The club's kit colours were claret and blue until 1973, when they changed to the red and blue vertical stripes worn today.",Crystal Palace FC,closed_qa How many continents are in the world?,,There are seven continents in the world,open_qa Who are the Smiths?,"The Smiths were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1982. They comprised the singer Morrissey, the guitarist Johnny Marr, the bassist Andy Rourke and the drummer Mike Joyce. Morrissey and Marr formed the band's songwriting partnership. They are regarded as one of the most important acts to emerge from the 1980s British independent music.","The Smiths were an English rock band from the 1980s. The lead singer was Morrissey. The other band members were: Johnny Marr on guitar, Andy Rourke on bass, and Mike Joyce on drums.",summarization Please provided me some context in form of bullet points on Open Doors organisation,"Open Doors is a non-denominational mission supporting persecuted Christians in the world. They work with local partners to distribute Bibles and Christian literature, give discipleship training and provide practical support, such as emergency relief aid. Open Doors' stated aims are to raise awareness of global persecution, mobilising prayer, support and action among Christians from around the world. It is based in Ermelo, The Netherlands. Open Doors is also a member of the Forum of Bible Agencies International.","1. Open Doors is a nondenominational organisation that helps Christians who are persecuted throughout the world. 2. They collaborate with local partners to spread Bibles and Christian literature, provide discipleship training, and offer practical assistance like immediate aid in times of need. 3. The stated goals of Open Doors are to increase awareness of international persecution and to encourage Christians all across the world to pray, support, and take action. 4. Its headquarters are in Ermelo, Netherlands. 5. Open Doors is a part of the International Forum of Bible Agencies.",summarization What is measure of inflation in the US?,"In economics, inflation is an increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services; consequently, inflation corresponds to a reduction in the purchasing power of money. The opposite of inflation is deflation, a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. The common measure of inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general price index. As prices faced by households do not all increase at the same rate, the consumer price index (CPI) is often used for this purpose. The employment cost index is also used for wages in the United States.",Inflation is measured using consumer price index (CPI) in the US.,summarization When is the world diabetes day celebrated?,,World diabetes day is celebrated on November 14,open_qa Given a reference text about the rock band Pink Floy: What was the name of Pink Floyd's last album and when was it released?,"Pink Floyd are an English rock band formed in London in 1965. Gaining an early following as one of the first British psychedelic groups, they were distinguished by their extended compositions, sonic experimentation, philosophical lyrics and elaborate live shows. They became a leading band of the progressive rock genre, cited by some as the greatest progressive rock band of all time. Pink Floyd were founded in 1965 by Syd Barrett (guitar, lead vocals), Nick Mason (drums), Roger Waters (bass guitar, vocals), and Richard Wright (keyboards, vocals). Under Barrett's leadership, they released two charting singles and the successful debut album The Piper at the Gates of Dawn (1967). The guitarist and vocalist David Gilmour joined in January 1968; Barrett left in April 1968 due to deteriorating mental health. Waters became the primary lyricist and thematic leader, devising the concepts behind Pink Floyd's most successful albums, The Dark Side of the Moon (1973), Wish You Were Here (1975), Animals (1977) and The Wall (1979). The musical film based on The Wall, Pink Floyd – The Wall (1982), won two BAFTA Awards. Pink Floyd also composed several film scores. Following personal tensions, Wright left Pink Floyd in 1981, followed by Waters in 1985. Gilmour and Mason continued as Pink Floyd, rejoined later by Wright. They produced the albums A Momentary Lapse of Reason (1987) and The Division Bell (1994), backed by major tours, before entering a long hiatus. In 2005, all but Barrett reunited for a performance at the global awareness event Live 8. Barrett died in 2006, and Wright in 2008. The last Pink Floyd studio album, The Endless River (2014), was based on unreleased material from the Division Bell recording sessions. In 2022, Gilmour and Mason reformed Pink Floyd to release the song ""Hey, Hey, Rise Up!"" in protest of the Russo-Ukrainian War. By 2013, Pink Floyd had sold more than 250 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling music artists of all time. The Dark Side of the Moon and The Wall were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, and these albums and Wish You Were Here are among the best-selling albums of all time. Four Pink Floyd albums topped the US Billboard 200, and five topped the UK Albums Chart. Pink Floyd's hit singles include ""See Emily Play"" (1967), ""Money"" (1973), ""Another Brick in the Wall, Part 2"" (1979), ""Not Now John"" (1983), ""On the Turning Away"" (1987) and ""High Hopes"" (1994). They were inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. In 2008, Pink Floyd were awarded the Polar Music Prize in Sweden for their contribution to modern music.","The last album of Pink Floyd was called ""The Endless River"" and was released in 2014.",closed_qa Highlight relevant facts related to Heidelberg,"Heidelberg (German: [ˈhaɪdl̩bɛʁk] (listen); Palatine German: Heidlberg) is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany. As of the 2016 census, its population was 159,914, of which roughly a quarter consisted of students. Located about 78 km (48 mi) south of Frankfurt, Heidelberg is the fifth-largest city in Baden-Württemberg. Heidelberg is part of the densely populated Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region. Heidelberg University, founded in 1386, is Germany's oldest and one of Europe's most reputable universities. Heidelberg is a scientific hub in Germany and home to several internationally renowned research facilities adjacent to its university, including the European Molecular Biology Laboratory and four Max Planck Institutes. The city has also been a hub for the arts, especially literature, throughout the centuries, and it was designated a ""City of Literature"" by the UNESCO Creative Cities Network. Heidelberg was a seat of government of the former Electorate of the Palatinate and is a popular tourist destination due to its romantic cityscape, including Heidelberg Castle, the Philosophers' Walk, and the Baroque old town.","Heidelberg has the oldest University in Germany. The city is a scientific hub and home to several internationally renowned research facilities. It was designated a ""City of Literature"" by the UNESCO Creative Cities Network.",summarization How many seasons is Deadwood?,"Deadwood is an American Western television series that aired on the premium cable network HBO from March 21, 2004, to August 27, 2006, spanning three seasons and 36 episodes. The series is set in the 1870s in Deadwood, South Dakota, before and after the area's annexation by the Dakota Territory, and charts Deadwood's growth from camp to town. The show was created, produced, and largely written by David Milch. Deadwood features a large ensemble cast headed by Timothy Olyphant and Ian McShane, playing the real-life Deadwood residents Seth Bullock and Al Swearengen, respectively. Many other historical figures appear as characters, including George Crook, Wyatt Earp, E. B. Farnum, George Hearst, Wild Bill Hickok, Calamity Jane, Sol Star, A. W. Merrick, Jack McCall, and Charlie Utter. The plot lines involving these characters include historical truths as well as substantial fictional elements. Milch used actual diaries and newspapers from 1870s Deadwood residents as reference points for characters, events, and the look and feel of the show.",Deadwood has three seasons and 36 episodes.,summarization What is Lawson in Japan?,"Lawson, Inc. (株式会社ローソン, Kabushiki gaisha Rōson) is a convenience store franchise chain in Japan. The store originated in the United States in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, but exists today as a Japanese company based in Shinagawa, Tokyo.",Lawson is a convenience store franchise chain in Japan,closed_qa What are some of the top places to visit in Switzerland?,,"Switzerland is an amazing country with many popular tourist attractions. Cities to visit include Zurich, Geneva, Lucerne, and Zermatt. During the summer months, you can hike in the mountains near Bern or Interlaken. Tourists will often take a ferry ride across Lake Geneva in the summer of visit Chateau de Chillon. There are beautiful waterfalls that form from the snow melt in the valleys. In the winter, it is popular to go skiing or snowboarding in the Swiss Alps, particularly in Zermatt and St. Moritz.",brainstorming Who is the all time leading goal scorer in the NHL?,,"The all time leading goal scorer in the NHL is Wayne Gretzky with 894 goals., Gretzky played in the NHL for 21 seasons, spending most of his time with the Edmonton Oilers and the Los Angeles Kings, but he also played for the New York Rangers and briefly, for the St Louis Blues.",open_qa What year was Craigslist founded?,"Craigslist (stylized as craigslist) is a privately-held American company operating a classified advertisements website with sections devoted to jobs, housing, for sale, items wanted, services, community service, gigs, résumés, and discussion forums. Craig Newmark began the service in 1995 as an email distribution list to friends, featuring local events in the San Francisco Bay Area. It became a web-based service in 1996 and expanded into other classified categories. It started expanding to other U.S. and Canadian cities in 2000, and now covers 70 countries.",Craigslist was founded in the year 1995 by Craig Newmark.,information_extraction Which club has won the most number of UEFA Champions League?,"The UEFA Champions League is a seasonal football competition established in 1955. Prior to the 1992–93 season, the tournament was named the European Cup. The UEFA Champions League is open to the league champions of all UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) member associations (except Liechtenstein, which has no league competition), as well as to the clubs finishing from second to fourth position in the strongest leagues. Originally, only the champions of their respective national league and the defending champions of the competition were allowed to participate. However, this was changed in 1997 to allow the runners-up of the stronger leagues to compete as well, and again in 1999 when third and fourth-placed teams of the said leagues also became eligible. In the Champions League era, the defending champions of the competition did not automatically qualify until the rules were changed in 2005 to allow title holders Liverpool to enter the competition. Teams that have won the UEFA Champions League three consecutive times, or five times overall, receive a multiple-winner badge. Six teams have earned this privilege: Real Madrid, Ajax, Bayern Munich, Milan, Liverpool, and Barcelona. Until 2009, clubs that had earned that badge were allowed to keep the European Champion Clubs' Cup and a new one was commissioned; since 2009, the winning team each year has received a full-size replica of the trophy, while the original is retained by UEFA. A total of 22 clubs have won the Champions League/European Cup. Real Madrid hold the record for the most victories, having won the competition fourteen times, including the inaugural edition. They have also won the competition the most consecutive times, with five straight titles from 1956 to 1960. Juventus have been runners-up the most times, losing seven finals. Atlético Madrid is the only team to reach three finals without having won the trophy while Reims and Valencia have finished as runners-up twice without winning. Spain has provided the most champions, with nineteen wins from two clubs. England have produced fourteen winners from five clubs and Italy have produced twelve winners from three clubs. English teams were banned from the competition for five years following the Heysel disaster in 1985. The current champions are Real Madrid, who beat Liverpool 1–0 in the 2022 final for a record-extending fourteenth title.","Real Madrid has won 14 of UEFA Champions League titles, make it the club that has won the most number of the tile, among all European clubs.",closed_qa Summarize why critics liked Kanye West’s album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy.,"Rolling Stone chief critic Rob Sheffield called My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy West's best and most wildly inspired album upon its release, asserting that no other act was recording music as dark or uncanny; he added the rapper transgresses the very conventions he had established for rap and pop music in the past five years. Steve Jones of USA Today echoed this sentiment, declaring that West ""unleashes an array of sonic flavors — old school hip-hop, progressive rock, R&B, classical music — and deftly mixes and matches them"", concluding his only predictability is a consistent drive to make every project his best. The Village Voice's Sean Fennessey found the album skillfully engineered and sequenced because of the way each song transitions over ""like some long night out into the hazy morning after"". Esteemed reviewer Robert Christgau, in MSN Music, hailed the album as a ""world-beating return to form"" for West. Pitchfork awarded the album a 10/10, the first perfect score the publication had given to a new release since Wilco's Yankee Hotel Foxtrot in 2002.","Several top music critical outlets including Rolling Stone, USA Today, The Village Voice, MSN music, and Pitchfork praised Kanye’s album, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy. One critic praised Kanye’s willingness to diverge from past albums as well as trends in rap music that Kanye himself had helped establish. Another praised Kanye’s “array of sonic flavors” with elements across multiple genres skillfully mixed and matched. Notably, Pitchfork awarded the album a perfect 10/10 rating, its first for a new release since 2002.",summarization Who is Oji Hiroi,"Oji Hiroi (広井 王子, Hiroi Ōji, born 8 February 1954), real name Teruhisa Hiroi (廣井 照久, Hiroi Teruhisa), is an author and video game developer. He co-authored Samurai Crusader with Ryoichi Ikegami. He also created the Far East of Eden and Sakura Wars role-playing video game franchises, and wrote the Sakura Wars manga.","Oji Hiroi, born 8 February 1954), real name Teruhisa Hiroi, is an author and video game developer. He co-authored Samurai Crusader with Ryoichi Ikegami. He also created the Far East of Eden and Sakura Wars role-playing video game franchises, and wrote the Sakura Wars manga.",summarization "Given the paragraph below, what is the population of Switzerland?","Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located at the confluence of Western, Central and Southern Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 8.7 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts the largest cities and economic centres, including Zürich, Geneva and Basel.","The population of Switzerland is 8.7 million. The majority of the population reside in the plateau region which is home to cities such as Zurich, Geneva, and Basel.",information_extraction When is the Indian Teachers day celebrated?,,Indian Teachers day is celebrated on 5th September,open_qa "Identify the bird from the list: Pendulum, Bewick's swan, Iceberg",,Bewick's swan,classification "Given these paragraphs about Hydrogen Storage, what have been the two main historical forms of storage?","Several methods exist for storing hydrogen. These include mechanical approaches such as using high pressures and low temperatures, or employing chemical compounds that release H2 upon demand. While large amounts of hydrogen are produced by various industries, it is mostly consumed at the site of production, notably for the synthesis of ammonia. For many years hydrogen has been stored as compressed gas or cryogenic liquid, and transported as such in cylinders, tubes, and cryogenic tanks for use in industry or as propellant in space programs. Interest in using hydrogen for on-board storage of energy in zero-emissions vehicles is motivating the development of new methods of storage, more adapted to this new application. The overarching challenge is the very low boiling point of H2: it boils around 20.268 K (−252.882 °C or −423.188 °F). Achieving such low temperatures requires expending significant energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_storage",For many years hydrogen has been stored as compressed gas or cryogenic liquid.,closed_qa In which regions has Starbucks come under scrutiny?,"Starbucks, an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain, has been the subject of multiple controversies. Public and employee criticism against the company has come from around the world, including a wide range issues from tax avoidance in Europe, anti-competitive practices in the United States, human rights issues in multiple countries, and labor issues involving union busting, questions about pay equity, and ethics in partnerships in Africa.","Criticism of Starbucks has been noted in Europe, the United States, as well as Africa.",summarization "Given this short paragraph about the L-21 submarine, what was an example of an improvement made compared to earlier versions?","The World War II Soviet submarine L-21 belonged to the L-class or Leninets class of minelayer submarines. She was part of the last series (Group 4) of her class, having some improvements including more torpedo tubes. The commander during the war was Sergey S. Mogilevskiy.",The L-21 had more torpedo tubes.,closed_qa Who is Micky Mouse?,"Mickey Mouse is an animated cartoon character co-created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks. The longtime mascot of The Walt Disney Company, Mickey is an anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves. Taking inspiration from silent film personalities such as Charlie Chaplin's Tramp, Mickey is traditionally characterized as a sympathetic underdog who gets by on pluck and ingenuity. The character’s status as a small mouse is personified through his diminutive stature and falsetto voice, the latter of which was originally provided by Disney. Mickey is one of the world's most recognizable and universally acclaimed fictional characters of all time.","Mickey Mouse is an animated cartoon character co-created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks. The longtime mascot of The Walt Disney Company, Mickey is an anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves. Taking inspiration from silent film personalities such as Charlie Chaplin's Tramp, Mickey is traditionally characterized as a sympathetic underdog who gets by on pluck and ingenuity. Mickey is one of the world's most recognizable and universally acclaimed fictional characters of all time. Mickey generally appears alongside his girlfriend Minnie Mouse, his pet dog Pluto, and his friends Donald Duck and Goofy.",closed_qa Where is the baseball Hall of Fame?,,"The National Baseball Hall of Fame is a history museum and hall of fame in Cooperstown, New York.",open_qa "Given a reference text about the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, how many Super Bowls have they won.","The Tampa Bay Buccaneers are a professional American football team based in Tampa, Florida. The Buccaneers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) South division. The club joined the NFL in 1976 as an expansion team, along with the Seattle Seahawks, and played its first season in the American Football Conference (AFC) West division. Prior to the 1977 season, Tampa Bay switched conferences and divisions with Seattle, becoming a member of the NFC Central division. As a result of the league's realignment prior to the 2002 season, the Buccaneers joined three former NFC West teams to form the NFC South. The club is owned by the Glazer family and plays its home games at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa. The Buccaneers have won two Super Bowl championships and, along with the Baltimore Ravens, are the only two NFL franchises who are undefeated in multiple Super Bowl appearances. They were regarded as a perennial losing franchise for most of their first two decades due to suffering 26 consecutive losses in their first two seasons (including a winless inaugural season) and 14 consecutive losing seasons from 1983 to 1996. Despite these early struggles, Tampa Bay is the first post-merger expansion team to clinch a division title, win a playoff game, and host a conference championship; feats they accomplished by their fourth season in 1979. The team's image improved by the time of their first championship in 2002, also the first for a franchise built after the merger, but they would not win another playoff game until their second Super Bowl championship season in 2020. Concurrent to the lack of success outside of their Super Bowl wins, the Buccaneers hold the NFL's lowest winning percentage at .404.",The Buccaneers have won two Super Bowl championships.,closed_qa What individual has won the most Olympic gold medals in the history of the games?,,Michael Phelps has won the most gold medals of all time with 23 golds.,open_qa Are lilies safe for cats?,,"No, lilies are toxic to cats if consumed and should not be kept in a household with cats",open_qa What kind of game is Binding of Isaac and what platforms can I play it on?,"The Binding of Isaac is a roguelike video game designed by independent developers Edmund McMillen and Florian Himsl. It was released in 2011 for Microsoft Windows, then ported to OS X, and Linux. The game's title and plot are inspired by the Biblical story of the Binding of Isaac. In the game, Isaac's mother receives a message from God demanding the life of her son as proof of her faith, and Isaac, fearing for his life, flees into the monster-filled basement of their home where he must fight to survive. Players control Isaac or one of seven other unlockable characters through a procedurally generated dungeon in a roguelike manner, fashioned after those of The Legend of Zelda, defeating monsters in real-time combat while collecting items and power-ups to defeat bosses and eventually Isaac's mother. The game was the result of a week-long game jam between McMillen and Himsl to develop a The Legend of Zelda-inspired roguelike that allowed McMillen to showcase his feelings about both positive and negative aspects of religion that he had come to discover from conflicts between his Catholic and born again Christian family members while growing up. McMillen had considered the title a risk but one he could take after the financial success of Super Meat Boy, and released it without much fanfare to Steam in September 2011, not expecting many sales. The game soon gained popularity partially as a result of various Let's Play videos showcasing the title. McMillen and Himsl released an expansion ""Wrath of the Lamb"" in May 2012, but were limited from further expansion due to limitations with the Flash platform. They had started working with Nintendo in 2012 to release a 3DS version, but Nintendo later backed out of the deal, citing controversy over the game's religious themes. Developer Nicalis worked with McMillen in 2014 to complete a remake of the game, The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth, bringing additional features that McMillen had planned that exceeded Flash's limitation, as well as to improve the game's graphics and enable ports for other systems beyond personal computers, including PlayStation 4 and Vita, Xbox One, Wii U, Nintendo 3DS, and the Nintendo Switch. This remake has commonly been cited as one of the best roguelike games of all time. McMillen later worked with James Id to develop The Legend of Bum-bo, which serves as a prequel to The Binding of Isaac. The Binding of Isaac has been well-received, with critics praising the game's roguelike nature to encourage repeated playthroughs. By July 2014, McMillen reported over 3 million copies had been sold. The game has been said to contribute to renewed interest in the roguelike genre from both players and developers.","The Binding of Isaac is a roguelike video game that is available to play on several platforms including Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, PlayStation 4/Vita, Xbox One, Wii U, Nintendo 3DS, and the Nintendo Switch.",summarization What is the capital of Colorado?,,Denver is the capital,open_qa "Given a reference text about the Cuban Missile Crisis, when did the crisis occur and how long did it last?","The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis (of 1962) (Spanish: Crisis de Octubre) in Cuba, the Caribbean Crisis (Russian: Карибский кризис, tr. Karibsky krizis, IPA: [kɐˈrʲipskʲɪj ˈkrʲizʲɪs]) in Russia, or the Missile Scare, was a 35-day (October 16 – November 20, 1962) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, which escalated into an international crisis when American deployments of missiles in Italy and Turkey were matched by Soviet deployments of similar ballistic missiles in Cuba. Despite the short time frame, the Cuban Missile Crisis remains a defining moment in national security and nuclear war preparation. The confrontation is often considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war.","The Cuban Missile crises lasted 35 days, from October 16 to November 20, 1962.",closed_qa What is the B61 nuclear bomb?,The B61 nuclear bomb is the primary thermonuclear gravity bomb in the United States Enduring Stockpile following the end of the Cold War. It is a low to intermediate-yield strategic and tactical nuclear weapon featuring a two-stage radiation implosion design.,"The B61 nuclear bomb is a low to intermediate yield strategic and tactical nuclear weapon. It features a two-stage radiation implosion design, and is the primary thermonuclear gravity bomb in the United States Enduring stockpile following the end of the Cold War.",summarization Who is Antonello Padovano,"Antonello Padovano, is an Italian film director and producer. He is currently[when?] the director of Hands That Should Be Farming Productions based in England. Padovano won the 2019 Bayern 2 - Audience Prize at the Tegernsee International Mountain Film Festival for his documentary The Ascent of Everest which featured footage of Sir Edmund Hillary. Filmography Joe Petrosino: A Shot in the Dark (2006) Le quattro porte del deserto (2006) The Ascent of Everest (2019)","Antonello Padovano, is an Italian film director and producer. He has been the director of Hands That Should Be Farming Productions based in England. Padovano won the 2019 Bayern 2 - Audience Prize at the Tegernsee International Mountain Film Festival for his documentary The Ascent of Everest which featured footage of Sir Edmund Hillary.",summarization "From the passage provided, extract the year Pro Kabaddi League was established.","Asian Games Main article: Kabaddi at the Asian Games (video) Kabaddi being played in Japan, 2015 Kabaddi was played as a demonstration event at the First Asian Games in 1951, and again in 1982, before becoming a medal event for the first time in 1990. The Indian national team won every men's and women's kabaddi competition in the Asian Games from 2002 through 2014. At the 2018 Asian Games, Iran became the first country other than India to win gold medals in kabaddi, with India's men's team winning bronze, and India's women's team being beaten by Iran to win silver. Pro Kabaddi League Main article: Pro Kabaddi League The Pro Kabaddi League was established in 2014. The league modeled its business upon that of the Indian Premier League of Twenty20 cricket, with a large focus on marketing, the backing of local broadcaster Star Sports, and changes to the sport's rules and its presentation to make it more suitable for a television audience. The Pro Kabaddi League quickly became a ratings success on Indian television; the 2014 season was watched by at least 435 million viewers over the course of the season, and the inaugural championship match was seen by 98.6 million viewers. Additional rules are used in the Pro Kabaddi League to encourage scoring: when a defensive side has three or fewer players remaining, tackles are worth two points instead of one. Furthermore, if a team performs two empty raids in a row, the next raider must score a point, or else they will be declared out and the opposing team will score a point.",The Pro Kabaddi League was established in 2014,information_extraction Who is the company Swiss Re,"Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd, commonly known as Swiss Re, is a reinsurance company based in Zurich, Switzerland. It is one of the world's largest reinsurers, as measured by net premiums written. Swiss Re operates through offices in more than 25 countries and was ranked 118th in Forbes Global 2000 leading companies list in 2016. It was also ranked 313th on the Fortune Global 500 in 2015.","Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd, commonly known as Swiss Re, is a reinsurance company based in Zurich, Switzerland. It is one of the world's largest reinsurers, as measured by net premiums written. Swiss Re operates through offices in more than 25 countries and was ranked 118th in Forbes Global 2000 leading companies list in 2016. It was also ranked 313th on the Fortune Global 500 in 2015.",summarization What is Good Friday?,"Good Friday is a Christian holiday commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus and his death at Calvary. It is observed during Holy Week as part of the Paschal Triduum. It is also known as Holy Friday, Great Friday, Great and Holy Friday (also Holy and Great Friday), and Black Friday. Members of many Christian denominations, including the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, Anglican, Methodist, Oriental Orthodox, United Protestant and some Reformed traditions (including certain Continental Reformed, Presbyterian and Congregationalist churches), observe Good Friday with fasting and church services. In many Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and Methodist churches, the Service of the Great Three Hours' Agony is held from noon until 3 pm, the time duration that the Bible records as darkness covering the land to Jesus' sacrificial death on the cross. Communicants of the Moravian Church have a Good Friday tradition of cleaning gravestones in Moravian cemeteries. The date of Good Friday varies from one year to the next in both the Gregorian and Julian calendars. Eastern and Western Christianity disagree over the computation of the date of Easter and therefore of Good Friday. Good Friday is a widely instituted legal holiday around the world, including in most Western countries and 12 U.S. states. Some predominantly Christian countries, such as Germany, have laws prohibiting certain acts such as dancing and horse racing, in remembrance of the somber nature of Good Friday.",Good Friday is a Christian holiday to remember the crucifixion of Jesus. Members of a lot of christian denominations observe this holiday with fasting and church services. The date of the holiday varies from year to year depending on the computation of the date of Easter.,summarization How does meditation help?,,"Meditation helps relax the mind by helping it focus on a specific object (such as breathing). This brings the mind to that object by cutting down the noise of multitude of thoughts that keep swarming in our minds. Meditation also helps train the mind to focus on a topic and be more present in conversations, with people or at work. Finally, it's helps reduce stress too as the mind does not spend too much time circling on negative thoughts.",open_qa "Given this paragraph, what is an important function of the London Assembly?","The administration of London is formed of two tiers: a citywide, strategic tier and a local tier. Citywide administration is coordinated by the Greater London Authority (GLA), while local administration is carried out by 33 smaller authorities. The GLA consists of two elected components: the mayor of London, who has executive powers, and the London Assembly, which scrutinises the mayor's decisions and can accept or reject the mayor's budget proposals each year.",A important function of the London Assembly is to scrutinise the mayor's decisions and accept or reject the mayor's budget proposals each year.,closed_qa "Replace the word ""lawyer"" with ""judge"" and the word ""pacifist"" with ""peace lover""","Hermann Fernau (born 1883 or 1884) was a German lawyer, writer, journalist and pacifist.","Hermann Fernau (born 1883 or 1884) was a German judge, writer, journalist and peace lover.",information_extraction Provide me a 3 bulleted points summarizing the Los Angeles Lakers,"The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles. The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Lakers play their home games at Crypto.com Arena, an arena shared with the NBA's Los Angeles Clippers, the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association, and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League. The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA, and have won 17 NBA championships, tied with the Boston Celtics for the most in NBA history. The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team, the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League (NBL). The new team began playing in Minneapolis, Minnesota, calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers. Initially a member of the NBL, the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America, where they would win five of the next six championships, led by star George Mikan. After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan's retirement, they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960–61 season.","The Los Angeles Lakers are one of the most storied franchises in the NBA (national basketball association) with a strong fan base following. Here are a few important points to know about the Lakers: - The lakers are a professional basketball team based in Los Angeles and play at the Crypto.com arena - the team has won 17 NBA championships, which is tied for most all time - the franchise initially started playing in Minnesota but relocated in 1960",summarization "Given this reference text about the Koala, tell me what makes up most of their diet, how long joeys spend in their mothers' pouches and what are some of the pathogens they are threatened by.","The koala or, inaccurately, koala bear (Phascolarctos cinereus), is an arboreal herbivorous marsupial native to Australia. It is the only extant representative of the family Phascolarctidae and its closest living relatives are the wombats. The koala is found in coastal areas of the mainland's eastern and southern regions, inhabiting Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. It is easily recognisable by its stout, tailless body and large head with round, fluffy ears and large, spoon-shaped nose. The koala has a body length of 60–85 cm (24–33 in) and weighs 4–15 kg (9–33 lb). Fur colour ranges from silver grey to chocolate brown. Koalas from the northern populations are typically smaller and lighter in colour than their counterparts further south. These populations possibly are separate subspecies, but this is disputed. Koalas typically inhabit open Eucalyptus woodland, as the leaves of these trees make up most of their diet. This eucalypt diet has low nutritional and caloric content and contains toxins that deter most other mammals from feeding on it. Koalas are largely sedentary and sleep up to twenty hours a day. They are asocial animals, and bonding exists only between mothers and dependent offspring. Adult males communicate with loud bellows that intimidate rivals and attract mates. Males mark their presence with secretions from scent glands located on their chests. Being marsupials, koalas give birth to underdeveloped young that crawl into their mothers' pouches, where they stay for the first six to seven months of their lives. These young koalas, known as joeys, are fully weaned around a year old. Koalas have few natural predators and parasites, but are threatened by various pathogens, such as Chlamydiaceae bacteria and koala retrovirus.",Eucalyptus makes up most of their diet. Joeys spend the first six to seven months of their lives in their mothers' pouches. They are threatened by pathogens like Chlamydiaceae and koala retrovirus.,closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Icefish or Iceberg,,Icefish,classification "Given this paragraph about Duchess Auguste of Württemberg, what happened to personal life?","On 17 March 1773, Auguste’s spouse succeeded as the 4th Prince of Thurn and Taxis. The marriage was at that point severely deteriorated. Auguste left Karl Anselm and settled in Paris. Rumours claimed that she lived with a lover. However, she was tormented by economical problems, ran out of funds and was hounded by creditors.",Auguste’s marriage was severely deteriorated and she had debt problems.,closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Rock bass or Rock,,Rock bass,classification Tell me about the album The Any Day Now,"The Any Day Now EP is Elbow's third release. This EP was released through Elbow's first record label Ugly Man Records, as well as their second record label V2 Records. Both EPs each have a different track listing. The song ""George Lassoes the Moon"" on the Ugly Man Records version of the EP differs from the version on The Noisebox EP. Not only is it a minute shorter, but it also is musically more produced than the rough first version. ""Wurzel"" is an instrumental song.","The Any Day Now EP is Elbow's third release. This EP was released through Elbow's first record label Ugly Man Records, as well as their second record label V2 Records. Both EPs each have a different track listing. The song ""George Lassoes the Moon"" on the Ugly Man Records version of the EP differs from the version on The Noisebox EP. Not only is it a minute shorter, but it also is musically more produced than the rough first version. ""Wurzel"" is an instrumental song.",closed_qa Who was the first person to do spacewalk?,,"Alexei Leonov, a soviet cosmonaut was the first person to do spacewalk",open_qa "According to this paragraph about the University of Virginia, where did Edgar Allan Poe live during his time at the university?","It is considered a great honor to be invited to live on The Lawn, and 54 fourth-year undergraduates do so each year, joining ten members of the faculty who permanently live and teach in the Pavilions there. Similarly, graduate students may live on The Range. Edgar Allan Poe formerly lived in 13 West Range, and since 1904 the Raven Society has retrofitted and preserved his room much as it may have existed in the 1820s.",Edgar Allen Poe lived in 13 West Range on The Lawn at the University of Virginia.,closed_qa "Based on the reference text, how did the United States implement separation of powers?","Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws, in which he argued for a constitutional government with three separate branches, each of which would have defined abilities to check the powers of the others. This philosophy heavily influenced the drafting of the United States Constitution, according to which the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of the United States government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power. The American form of separation of powers is associated with a system of checks and balances. During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as Montesquieu advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. His writings considerably influenced the Founding Fathers of the United States, such as Alexander Hamilton, who participated in the Constitutional Convention of 1787 which drafted the Constitution. Some U.S. states did not observe a strict separation of powers in the 18th century. In New Jersey, the governor also functioned as a member of the state's highest court and as the presiding officer of one house of the New Jersey Legislature. The president of Delaware was a member of the Court of Appeals; the presiding officers of the two houses of the state legislature also served in the executive department as vice presidents. In both Delaware and Pennsylvania, members of the executive council served at the same time as judges. On the other hand, many southern states explicitly required separation of powers. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia all kept the branches of government ""separate and distinct.""","The United states implemented separation of powers by creating three distinct branches of government in the United States Constitution. The three branches of government are the Legislative, Judicial, and Executive branches.",summarization Who is Marina Vishmidt,"Marina Vishmidt (born 1976) is an American writer, editor and critic. She lectures at the Centre for Cultural Studies at Goldsmiths, University of London in the MA program Culture Industry, and teaches Art Theory in the MA Art Praxis at the Dutch Art Institute in Arnhem. Her research mainly concerns the relationship between art, value and labour. She further explores this through works on debt, social reproduction and artistic entrepreneurialism. In 2013, she completed her PhD entitled 'Speculation as a Mode of Production in Art and Capital' at the Queen Mary University of London.","Marina Vishmidt (born 1976) is an American writer, editor and critic. She lectures at the Centre for Cultural Studies at Goldsmiths, University of London in the MA program Culture Industry, and teaches Art Theory in the MA Art Praxis at the Dutch Art Institute in Arnhem. Her research mainly concerns the relationship between art, value and labour. She further explores this through works on debt, social reproduction and artistic entrepreneurialism. In 2013, she completed her PhD entitled 'Speculation as a Mode of Production in Art and Capital' at the Queen Mary University of London.",summarization Which is the mighty river that begins at Lake Itasca in Northern Minnesota,,The Mississippi River,open_qa What is Microsoft?,"Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft's best-known software products are the Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers. Microsoft ranked No. 14 in the 2022 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue; it was the world's largest software maker by revenue as of 2022. It is considered as one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet (parent company of Google), Amazon, Apple, and Meta (formerly Facebook).","Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft's best-known software products are the Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers.",information_extraction Which era of counterculture were the Beatles pivotal to?,"he Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time and were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and popular music's recognition as an art form. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock 'n' roll, their sound incorporated elements of classical music and traditional pop in innovative ways; the band also explored music styles ranging from folk and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock. As pioneers in recording, songwriting and artistic presentation, the Beatles revolutionised many aspects of the music industry and were often publicised as leaders of the era's youth and sociocultural movements",The Beatles were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture,closed_qa Which era of counterculture were the Beatles pivotal to?,"he Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time and were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and popular music's recognition as an art form. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock 'n' roll, their sound incorporated elements of classical music and traditional pop in innovative ways; the band also explored music styles ranging from folk and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock. As pioneers in recording, songwriting and artistic presentation, the Beatles revolutionised many aspects of the music industry and were often publicised as leaders of the era's youth and sociocultural movements",The Beatles were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture,closed_qa Is tap water safe to drink in Japan?,,"Yes, tap water is safe to drink in Japan.",open_qa "Given this paragraph about Siedlce, tell me how many people live there and how far away from Warsaw it is.","Siedlce [Polish pronunciation: ['ɕɛdlt͡sɛ] (listen)] (Yiddish: שעדליץ Shedlits) is a city in eastern Poland with 77,354 inhabitants (as of 2021). Situated in the Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999), previously the city was the capital of a separate Siedlce Voivodeship (1975–1998). The city is situated between two small rivers, the Muchawka and the Helenka, and lies along the European route E30, around 90 kilometres (56 mi) east of Warsaw. It is the fourth largest city of the Voivodeship, and the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Siedlce. Siedlce is a local educational, cultural and business center.","Siedlce is 90 kilometers east of Warsaw and has a population of 77,354 people.",closed_qa When was the first Reading railway station opened?,"Reading railway station is a major transport hub in Reading, Berkshire, England. It is on the northern edge of the town centre, near the main retail and commercial areas and the River Thames, 36 miles (58 km) from London Paddington. The first Reading station was opened on 30 March 1840 as the temporary western terminus of the original line of the Great Western Railway (GWR). Reading is the ninth-busiest station in the UK outside London and the second busiest interchange station outside London with over 3.8 million passengers changing trains at the station annually.","The first Reading railway station was opened on the 30th of March, 1840.",closed_qa Who invented the game of basketball?,,"The game of basketball as it is known today was created by Dr. James Naismith in December 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, to condition young athletes during cold months.",open_qa Who is the star of the movie Breakfast at Tiffany's?,,Audrey Hepburn starred in Breakfast at Tiffany's,open_qa What is ECharts Java?,"ECharts Java is a lightweight but comprehensive library for Java developers to easily use JavaScript visualization library Apache ECharts. The simple chart mode facilitates users to write visualization fast and easily, empowered by the clean APIs provided by ECharts Java. The advanced mode helps create an Option object and its Json representation in chainable Java codes, which includes almost all the features defined in Apache ECharts. Now ECharts Java supports Apache ECharts version 5.x. Features - Simple, clean and organized APIs, supporting method chaining - Full coverage of Apache ECharts functionalities - Easily integrate with Web Frameworks - Flexible export format, including HTML and images - Complete and detailed documentation and examples","ECharts Java is a lightweight, comprehensive library for Java developers to easily integrate JavaScript visualization library Apache ECharts into their web frameworks. The simple and clean APIs facilitate users to develop visualization components fast and easily. For complex and advanced usage, it allows developers to create an Option object and its Json representation. It is compatible with Apache ECharts version 5.x and provides almost full coverage of Apache ECharts functionalities. Here are some highlights of ECharts Java: - Simple, clean, organized APIs with method chaining - Full coverage of Apache ECharts functionalities - Easily integrate with Web Frameworks - Flexible export format, including HTML and images - Complete and detailed documentation and examples",closed_qa "Given the reference text about Mother Teresa's international charity, how many languages did Mother Teresa speak?","Mother Teresa said, ""By blood, I am Albanian. By citizenship, an Indian. By faith, I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the world. As to my heart, I belong entirely to the Heart of Jesus."" Fluent in five languages – Bengali, Albanian, Serbian, English and Hindi – she made occasional trips outside India for humanitarian reasons. At the height of the Siege of Beirut in 1982, Mother Teresa rescued 37 children trapped in a front-line hospital by brokering a temporary cease-fire between the Israeli army and Palestinian guerrillas. Accompanied by Red Cross workers, she travelled through the war zone to the hospital to evacuate the young patients. When Eastern Europe experienced increased openness in the late 1980s, Mother Teresa expanded her efforts to Communist countries which had rejected the Missionaries of Charity. She began dozens of projects, undeterred by criticism of her stands against abortion and divorce: ""No matter who says what, you should accept it with a smile and do your own work."" She visited Armenia after the 1988 earthquake and met with Soviet Premier Nikolai Ryzhkov. Mother Teresa travelled to assist the hungry in Ethiopia, radiation victims at Chernobyl and earthquake victims in Armenia. In 1991 she returned to Albania for the first time, opening a Missionaries of Charity Brothers home in Tirana. By 1996, the Missionaries of Charity operated 517 missions in over 100 countries. The number of sisters in the Missionaries of Charity grew from twelve to thousands, serving the ""poorest of the poor"" in 450 centres worldwide. The first Missionaries of Charity home in the United States was established in the South Bronx area of New York City, and by 1984 the congregation operated 19 establishments throughout the country.","Mother Teresa was fluent in five languages, namely Bengali, Albanian, Serbian, English and Hindi.",closed_qa What is the length of an Olympic size swimming pool?,,Olympic size swimming pool is 50 meters in length,open_qa "As a 16-year old high school student, write a short summary of your visit to the Vermeer exhibition in the Rijksmuseum.",,"My friends and I went to the Rijksmuseum the other day to see the Vermeer exhibition. I have to say, I wasn't too excited about it at first, but it turned out to be pretty cool. Vermeer was a Dutch painter from the 1600s and he was known for his realistic paintings of everyday life. We saw a lot of his paintings and they were really impressive, especially when you consider the time period they were from. My favorite painting was definitely the Girl with a Pearl Earring. The colors and lighting were amazing, and it was kind of mesmerizing to look at. We also saw some other paintings from different artists, like Rembrandt and Frans Hals, and they were all really cool too. It was a nice break from all the usual teenage stuff and I actually learned something new.",creative_writing write a short essay on murals in jersey city,,"Jersey City is known for its vibrant street art scene, with murals adorning walls throughout the city. These murals not only add beauty and character to the city, but also serve as a form of public art that is accessible to everyone. The murals in Jersey City come in all shapes and sizes, with a variety of themes and styles. Some feature colorful abstract designs, while others depict realistic images of people, animals, and landscapes. Many of the murals also incorporate social and political messages, addressing issues such as social justice, inequality, and the environment. One of the most famous murals in Jersey City is the ""Sixth Borough"" mural, which depicts the city as a mythical sixth borough of New York City. This mural, which covers an entire building, has become an iconic symbol of Jersey City's identity and sense of community. The murals in Jersey City are created by a diverse group of artists, both local and international. Some are commissioned by the city or private businesses, while others are created by artists who are drawn to the city's thriving street art scene. Many of the murals are created as part of organized events, such as the annual Jersey City Mural Festival, which brings together artists from around the world to create new works throughout the city. The murals in Jersey City are not only beautiful and inspiring, but also serve as a reflection of the city's culture, history, and values. They are a testament to the power of art to bring people together, to inspire change, and to make the world a more beautiful and meaningful place.",creative_writing "Given this paragraph about Zoom, where is the company based and when was the Zoom software released?","Zoom Video Communications, Inc. (commonly shortened to Zoom, and stylized as zoom) is a communications technology company headquartered in San Jose, California. It provides videotelephony and online chat services through a cloud-based peer-to-peer software platform used for video communications (Meetings), messaging (Chat), voice calls (Phone), conference rooms for video meetings (Rooms), virtual events (Events) and contact centers (Contact Center), and offers an open platform allowing third-party developers to build custom applications on its unified communications platform (Developer Platform). The company was founded in 2011 by Eric Yuan, a former Cisco engineer and executive. It launched its software in 2013.","Zoom Video Communications, Inc is based in San Jose, California. The software launched by the company was released in 2013.",closed_qa What is the First Amendment of the US constitution?,,The First Amendment protects freedom of speech and religion.,open_qa Extract the source of silicone carbide in nature.,"Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum (/ˌkɑːrbəˈrʌndəm/), is a hard chemical compound containing silicon and carbon. A semiconductor, it occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite, but has been mass-produced as a powder and crystal since 1893 for use as an abrasive. Grains of silicon carbide can be bonded together by sintering to form very hard ceramics that are widely used in applications requiring high endurance, such as car brakes, car clutches and ceramic plates in bulletproof vests. Large single crystals of silicon carbide can be grown by the Lely method and they can be cut into gems known as synthetic moissanite.",Silicon carbide occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite,information_extraction What is electrostatics the study of?,"The concept of the electric field was introduced by Michael Faraday. An electric field is created by a charged body in the space that surrounds it, and results in a force exerted on any other charges placed within the field. The electric field acts between two charges in a similar manner to the way that the gravitational field acts between two masses, and like it, extends towards infinity and shows an inverse square relationship with distance. However, there is an important difference. Gravity always acts in attraction, drawing two masses together, while the electric field can result in either attraction or repulsion. Since large bodies such as planets generally carry no net charge, the electric field at a distance is usually zero. Thus gravity is the dominant force at distance in the universe, despite being much weaker. An electric field generally varies in space and its strength at any one point is defined as the force (per unit charge) that would be felt by a stationary, negligible charge if placed at that point. The conceptual charge, termed a 'test charge', must be vanishingly small to prevent its own electric field disturbing the main field and must also be stationary to prevent the effect of magnetic fields. As the electric field is defined in terms of force, and force is a vector, having both magnitude and direction, so it follows that an electric field is a vector field. The study of electric fields created by stationary charges is called electrostatics. The field may be visualised by a set of imaginary lines whose direction at any point is the same as that of the field. This concept was introduced by Faraday, whose term 'lines of force' still sometimes sees use. The field lines are the paths that a point positive charge would seek to make as it was forced to move within the field; they are however an imaginary concept with no physical existence, and the field permeates all the intervening space between the lines. Field lines emanating from stationary charges have several key properties: first, that they originate at positive charges and terminate at negative charges; second, that they must enter any good conductor at right angles, and third, that they may never cross nor close in on themselves.",The study of electric fields created by stationary charges is called electrostatics.,information_extraction What is Sea Hear Now,,"Sea Hear Now is a music festival that's held annually in Asbury Park, New Jersey. It's held on the beach at the end of the boardwalk next to the convention center. There are three stages, two of which are in the sand with varying acts spanning multiple genres. Sea Hear know is known for its incorporation of local artists and surfers along with great music. Sea Hear now is also family friendly which is an added bonus",open_qa What city in the United States is known for its Mardi Gras celebrations?,,New Orleans is famous for its celebrations of Mardi Gras,open_qa What awards did Bill Murray receive for Lost in Translation?,"Murray's performance in Sofia Coppola's Lost in Translation (2003) earned him a Golden Globe and a British Academy Film Award and an Oscar nomination for Best Actor. He has frequently collaborated with directors Ivan Reitman, Harold Ramis, Wes Anderson, Sofia Coppola, Jim Jarmusch, John McNaughton and the Farrelly brothers. He received Golden Globe nominations for his roles in Ghostbusters, Rushmore (1998), Hyde Park on Hudson (2012), St. Vincent (2014), On the Rocks (2020) and the HBO miniseries Olive Kitteridge (2014), for which he later won his second Primetime Emmy Award.",Bill Murray earned a Golden Globe and a British Academy Film Award and an Oscar nomination for Best Actor for his role in Lost in Translation.,closed_qa "Given this paragraph, where is The Walt Disney Company headquarters?","The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney (/ˈdɪzni/), is an American multinational, mass media and entertainment conglomerate that is headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios complex in Burbank, California. Disney was founded on October 16, 1923, by brothers Walt and Roy O. Disney as Disney Brothers Studio; it also operated under the names Walt Disney Studio and Walt Disney Productions before changing its name to The Walt Disney Company in 1986. Early in its existence, the company established itself as a leader in the animation industry, with the creation of the widely popular character Mickey Mouse, who first appeared in Steamboat Willie, which used synchronized sound, to become the first post-produced sound cartoon. The character would go on to become the company's mascot.","According to this text, The Walt Disney Company is headquartered in Burbank, California.",closed_qa "Which of the companies in this list are social media platforms: Twitter, Amazon, Instagram, Square, Venmo, Tiktok, Apple.",,"In this list, Twitter, Instagram, and Tiktok are social media platforms.",classification "Given this paragraph about planting and harvesting for peanut butter, when are peanuts typically harvested?","Due to weather conditions, peanuts are usually planted in spring. The peanut comes from a yellow flower that bends over and penetrates the soil after blooming and wilting, and the peanut starts to grow in the soil. Peanuts are harvested from late August to October, while the weather is clear. This weather allows for dry soil so that when picked, the soil does not stick to the stems and pods. The peanuts are then removed from vines and transported to a peanut shelling machine for mechanical drying. After cropping, the peanuts are delivered to warehouses for cleaning, where they are stored unshelled in silos.",Peanuts are typically harvested from late August to October,closed_qa What was Dick Lammi's most famous work?,"Dick Lammi (January 15, 1909 – November 29, 1969) was an American jazz tubist and bassist associated with Dixieland jazz. Lammi played violin and banjo early in his career, and played as a banjoist in various groups in the Pacific Northwest in the late 1920s. He settled in Portland, Oregon in the early 1930s, and played bass in a group there; after a move to San Francisco in 1936, he began playing tuba alongside bass. His best-known work was as a member of Lu Watters's band, the Yerba Buena Jazz Band. Lammi played in the ensemble from 1941 to 1950, including on virtually all of their recordings.","Dick Lammi was most famous for his work as a member of Lu Watters's band, the Yerba Buena Jazz Band.",closed_qa What two continents is Russia a part of?,,Russia is a part of Europe and Asia,open_qa Which US city is best known for its Mardi Gras celebrations?,,New Orleans in Louisiana,open_qa Who started the Reformation?,,The reformation was started by Martin Luther,open_qa On what date was the country of Belize granted independence?,,"Belize was granted independence from the British Empire on September 21, 1981.",open_qa What are the benefits of working with a coach?,,"Working with a coach can help you move more quickly and effectively towards achieving your goals than if you worked alone. A coach can help you set the right goals, facilitate creating a plan of action to work towards your goals and help keep you accountable to taking the actions that will lead you towards achieving your goals.",brainstorming Which hosts Wikipedia ?,"Wikipedia is a multilingual free online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and using a wiki-based editing system called MediaWiki. Wikipedia is the largest and most-read reference work in history. It is consistently one of the 10 most popular websites ranked by Similarweb and formerly Alexa; as of 2023, Wikipedia was ranked the 5th most popular site in the world. It is hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, an American non-profit organization funded mainly through donations.","Wikipedia is hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, an American non-profit organization.",summarization What continent is Peru a part of?,,Peru is in South America,open_qa What was the primary reason for constructing the Berlin Wall?,"The Berlin Wall (German: Berliner Mauer, pronounced [bɛʁˌliːnɐ ˈmaʊ̯ɐ] (listen)) was a guarded concrete barrier that encircled West Berlin of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) (GDR). Construction of the Berlin Wall was commenced by the government of the GDR on 13 August 1961. It included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, accompanied by a wide area (later known as the ""death strip"") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, beds of nails and other defenses. The primary intention for the Wall's construction was to prevent East German citizens from fleeing to the West.",The Berlin Wall was primarily constructed to prevent East German citizens from fleeing to the West.,information_extraction Where is the Porce III Dam,"The Porce III Dam is an embankment dam on the Porce River 90 kilometres (56 mi) northeast of Medellín in Antioquia Department, Colombia. The dam was constructed between 2004 and 2011 for the primary purpose of hydroelectric power generation. Background Between 1974 and 1976, hydrological studies were carried out on the Porce River and between 1982 and 1983, studies regarding the river's hydroelectric development were completed. The study recommended the five projects, Porce I, Porce II, Porce III, Porce IV and Ermitaño. In December 1984, the feasibility report for Porce III was submitted and complementary studies were carried out between 1986 and 1996. In 2002, the design and consultancy contracts were awarded along with the environmental license issued. In 2004, construction on the dam began and the river was diverted by 2007. By 2010, the dam began to impound the reservoir and was complete by 2010. Between 2011, all four generators were commissioned.","The Porce III Dam is an embankment dam on the Porce River 90 kilometres (56 mi) northeast of Medellín in Antioquia Department, Colombia. The dam was constructed between 2004 and 2011 for the primary purpose of hydroelectric power generation.",closed_qa Why do people like Red Light Therapy?,,"Red Light Therapy is good for anti-aging as well as other benefits. It has been shown to increase the amount of collagen your body produces, thus helping to decrease fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, it can help reduce the appearance of scars and stretch marks. It's easy, painless and can even be done at home in as little as 3-10 minutes each day.",creative_writing "Based on the reference text, who won the men's 2022 FIFA World Cup and where was it located?","The 2022 FIFA World Cup was an international football tournament contested by the men's national teams of FIFA's member associations and 22nd edition of the FIFA World Cup. It took place in Qatar from 20 November to 18 December 2022, making it the first World Cup held in the Arab world and Muslim world, and the second held entirely in Asia after the 2002 tournament in South Korea and Japan.[A] This tournament was the last with 32 participating teams, with the number of teams being increased to 48 for the 2026 edition. To avoid the extremes of Qatar's hot climate,[B] the event was held during November and December.[C] It was held over a reduced time frame of 29 days with 64 matches played in eight venues across five cities. Qatar entered the event—their first World Cup—automatically as the host's national team, alongside 31 teams determined by the qualification process. Argentina were crowned the champions after winning the final against the title holder France 4–2 on penalties following a 3–3 draw after extra time. It was Argentina's third title and their first since 1986, as well being the first nation from outside of Europe to win the tournament since 2002. French player Kylian Mbappé became the first player to score a hat-trick in a World Cup final since Geoff Hurst in the 1966 final and won the Golden Boot as he scored the most goals (eight) during the tournament. Argentine captain Lionel Messi was voted the tournament's best player, winning the Golden Ball. Teammates Emiliano Martínez and Enzo Fernández won the Golden Glove, awarded to the tournament's best goalkeeper, and the Young Player Award, awarded to the tournament's best young player, respectively. With 172 goals, the tournament set a new record for the highest number of goals scored with the 32-team format, with every participating team scoring at least one goal. The choice to host the World Cup in Qatar attracted significant criticism, with concerns raised over the country's treatment of migrant workers, women and members of the LGBT community, as well as Qatar's climate, lack of a strong football culture, scheduling changes, and allegations of bribery for hosting rights and wider FIFA corruption.[D]","The men's 2022 FIFA world cup was located in Qatar. Argentina won the world cup, beating France on penalties after drawing 3-3 during the game.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph about blockchain, how did blockchain influence bitcoin cryptocurrency?","Blockchains are typically managed by a peer-to-peer (P2P) computer network for use as a public distributed ledger, where nodes collectively adhere to a consensus algorithm protocol to add and validate new transaction blocks. Although blockchain records are not unalterable, since blockchain forks are possible, blockchains may be considered secure by design and exemplify a distributed computing system with high Byzantine fault tolerance. A blockchain was created by a person (or group of people) using the name (or pseudonym) Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008 to serve as the public distributed ledger for bitcoin cryptocurrency transactions, based on previous work by Stuart Haber, W. Scott Stornetta, and Dave Bayer. The implementation of the blockchain within bitcoin made it the first digital currency to solve the double-spending problem without the need of a trusted authority or central server. The bitcoin design has inspired other applications and blockchains that are readable by the public and are widely used by cryptocurrencies. The blockchain may be considered a type of payment rail.","Blockchain is the technology that enables the existence of cryptocurrency and bitcoin is the name of the best-known cryptocurrency. The implementation of bitcoin using blockchain made it the first digital currency to solve the double-spending problem without the need of a trusted authority or central server. Bitcoin has inspired other applications and blockchains that are highly available, public, and are widely used by cryptocurrencies.",closed_qa What tree nut is commonly used when making pesto?,,Pine nuts are used in pesto.,open_qa "Given the following paragraph about the Sanford Stadium of the University of Georgia, where does the name of the stadium originate from?","Built for $360,000 to replace the former Sanford Field in nearby Central Campus, Sanford Stadium was inaugurated on October 12, 1929, with a 15–0 victory over the Yale Bulldogs football team. Originally constructed to accommodate 30,000 fans, a double deck addition in 1967 added 19,000 more seats, and a 1981 addition to encircle the field added another 19,000 seats. After several more renovations, the stadium now holds more than 93,000 spectators, making it one of the largest collegiate stadiums in the country and the thirteenth largest stadium in the world. The stadium is named for Steadman Sanford, a former president of the university and chancellor of the University System of Georgia. Besides being the home of the Georgia Bulldogs football team, the stadium also serves as an event venue, the location of undergraduate graduation ceremonies, and was used for the medal competition of men's and women's Olympic football (soccer) at the 1996 Summer Olympics.",The Sanford Stadium of the University of Georgia is named after Steadman Sanford who was both a former president and chancellor of the University of Georgia.,closed_qa Which country has topped the swimming medals list in the summer olympics?,"Summary Games Year Events Best Nation 1 1896 4 Hungary 2 1900 7 Great Britain 3 1904 9 Germany 4 1908 6 Great Britain 5 1912 9 Germany 6 7 1920 10 United States 8 1924 11 United States 9 1928 11 United States 10 1932 11 Japan 11 1936 11 Japan 12 13 14 1948 11 United States 15 1952 11 United States 16 1956 13 Australia Games Year Events Best Nation 17 1960 15 United States 18 1964 18 United States 19 1968 29 United States 20 1972 29 United States 21 1976 26 United States 22 1980 26 East Germany 23 1984 29 United States 24 1988 31 East Germany 25 1992 31 United States 26 1996 32 United States 27 2000 32 United States 28 2004 32 United States 29 2008 34 United States 30 2012 34 United States 31 2016 34 United States 32 2020 37 United States",United States,closed_qa Who is the company Novartis,"Novartis AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland and Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (global research). Consistently ranked in the global top five, Novartis is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world and was the fourth largest by revenue in 2022.","Novartis AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland and Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (global research). Consistently ranked in the global top five, Novartis is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world and was the fourth largest by revenue in 2022.",summarization What is the TSA church?,"The Salvation Army (TSA) is a Protestant Christian church and an international charitable organization headquartered in London, England that is aligned with the Wesleyan-Holiness movement. The organisation reports a worldwide membership of over 1.7 million, comprising soldiers, officers and adherents collectively known as Salvationists. Its founders sought to bring salvation to the poor, destitute, and hungry by meeting both their ""physical and spiritual needs"". It is present in 133 countries, running charity shops, operating shelters for the homeless and disaster relief, and humanitarian aid to developing countries.","The TSA church typically stands for The Salvation Army (TSA) and it is a Protestant Christian church, as well as an international charitable organization with head quarters in England.",information_extraction What is the capital of Arizona?,,Phoenix is the capital,open_qa FATF was established in which year?,,FATF was established in the year 1989,open_qa What is Google Sheets and how does it compatible with Microsoft Excel?,"Google Sheets is a spreadsheet program included as part of the free, web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google. Google Sheets is available as a web application, mobile app for: Android, iOS, Microsoft Windows, BlackBerry OS and as a desktop application on Google's ChromeOS. The app is compatible with Microsoft Excel file formats. The app allows users to create and edit files online while collaborating with other users in real-time. Edits are tracked by a user with a revision history presenting changes. An editor's position is highlighted with an editor-specific color and cursor and a permissions system regulates what users can do. Updates have introduced features using machine learning, including ""Explore"", offering answers based on natural language questions in a spreadsheet. This is one of the services provided by Google that also includes Google Docs, Google Slides, Google Drawings, Google Forms, Google Sites and Google Keep.","Google Sheets is a spreadsheet program included as part of the free, web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google and is compatible with Microsoft Excel file formats (e.g., .XLS, .XLSX, .CSV, etc., . . .).",closed_qa "Given the reference text about AC Milan, how many FIFA and UEFA trophies have they won?","Associazione Calcio Milan (Italian pronunciation: [assotʃatˈtsjoːne ˈkaltʃo ˈmiːlan]), commonly referred to as AC Milan (Italian pronunciation: [a ˈtʃi ˈmiːlan]) or simply Milan (Italian pronunciation: [miːlan]), is a professional football club in Milan, Italy, founded in 1899. The club has spent its entire history, with the exception of the 1980–81 and 1982–83 seasons, in the top flight of Italian football, known as Serie A since 1929–30. AC Milan's 18 FIFA and UEFA trophies is the fourth highest out of any club (joint with Boca Juniors[nb 1]), and the most out of any Italian club. Milan has won a joint record three Intercontinental Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup, seven European Cup/Champions League titles (Italian record), the UEFA Super Cup a joint record five times and the Cup Winners' Cup twice. With 19 league titles, Milan is tied as the second most successful club in Serie A with local rivals Inter Milan (also with 19 league titles), behind Juventus (36 league titles). They have also won the Coppa Italia five times, and the Supercoppa Italiana seven. Milan's home games are played at San Siro, also known as the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza. The stadium, which was built by Milan's second chairman Piero Pirelli in 1926 and is shared since 1947 with city rivals Internazionale, is the largest in Italian football, with a total capacity of 75,923. They have a long-standing rivalry with Inter, with whom they contest the Derby della Madonnina which is one of the most followed derbies in football. The club is one of the wealthiest in Italian and world football. It was a founding member of the now-defunct G-14 group of Europe's leading football clubs as well as its replacement, the European Club Association.","AC Milan has won 18 FIFA and UEFA trophies, which is the fourth most out of any club.",closed_qa Who are U2,,"U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin, formed in 1976. The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion). Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's musical style has evolved throughout their career, yet has maintained an anthemic quality built on Bono's expressive vocals and the Edge's chiming, effects-based guitar sounds. Bono's lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal and sociopolitical themes. Popular for their live performances, the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career.",open_qa "Based on the paragraph below, please list out the 2 major causes supported by Kelly Slater.","Slater is also a fundraiser and spokesperson for suicide prevention awareness. He has surfed in celebrity events for Surfers Against Suicide, telling sports website 'Athletes Talk': ""I've lost a couple of friends myself to suicide and it's just a horrible thing that can be prevented. People get in this dark place and they don't know what to do so it's always nice to see a non-profit that isn't turning into anything else other than just trying to help people."" Slater is passionate about preserving oceans globally and protecting temperate reefs in California through his relationship with Reef Check. Slater is on the Board of Advisors (the Ocean Advocacy Advisory Board) of ocean conservation organization Sea Shepherd Conservation Society.",Kelly Slater's main activism has been directed towards suicide prevention and ocean conservation.,closed_qa What style of music is played in the World of Warcraft game?,"Almost all of the music in World of Warcraft is orchestral, with a wide variety of classical and folk instruments in harmony, often playing widely transformative, non-repetitive melodies. While the player is in game, music is usually playing from a set of tracks composed to match the mood of the type of environment your character is in such as ""mountain"", ""forest"", ""plains"", ""jungle"", et cetera; while some individual zones and cities such as Elwynn Forest and Thunder Bluff are given their own set of tracks. Some environments play different music depending on the time of day you are in them.","Most of the music in World of Warcraft is orchestral, with a variety of classical and folk instruments in harmony.",closed_qa "What is apartheid, and which country experienced it?","Portugal's overseas presence in sub-Saharan Africa (most notably in Angola, Cape Verde, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe) lasted from the 16th century to 1975, after the Estado Novo regime was overthrown in a military coup in Lisbon. Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence from the United Kingdom in 1965, under the white minority government of Ian Smith, but was not internationally recognized as an independent state (as Zimbabwe) until 1980, when black nationalists gained power after a bitter guerrilla war. Although South Africa was one of the first African countries to gain independence, the state remained under the control of the country's white minority through a system of racial segregation known as apartheid until 1994.",Apartheid is a system of racial segregation in South Africa.,closed_qa When was Scarlett Johansson born?,"Scarlett Ingrid Johansson (/dʒoʊˈhænsən/; born November 22, 1984) is an American actress. The world's highest-paid actress in 2018 and 2019, she has featured multiple times on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list. Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2021. Her films have grossed over $14.3 billion worldwide, making Johansson the highest-grossing box office star of all time. She has received various accolades, including a Tony Award and a British Academy Film Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards.","Scarlett Johansson was born November 22, 1984.",closed_qa Why Bali is a perfect destination for a family holiday?,,"Bali is a province in Indonesia. It is also called the Island of Paradise. Balinese culture was strongly influenced by Indian, Chinese, and particularly Hindu culture. There are many beautiful hotels & resorts, places of interest, and amazing selections of F&B outlets in Bali. It is a perfect destination for a family holiday because there are many activities that cater to all ages e.g. sightseeing for family, sea sports activities for young adults, romantic restaurants for couples, and kids clubs for the young ones. On top of that, Balinese people are very kind, sincere, and friendly.",creative_writing What is the definition of Vegan?,Veganism is the practice of abstaining from the use of animal product—particularly in diet—and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals. An individual who follows the diet or philosophy is known as a vegan.,Veganism is the practice of abstaining from the use of animal product,closed_qa Do George Lucas and Steven Spielberg know each other?,,"Yes, George Lucas and Steven Spielberg are long-time friends, dating back to their first meeting in 1967. They have collaborated and supported each other on a number of films and celebrated each others success in the field of filmmaking.",open_qa Where was Mazzy Star formed?,"""Mazzy Star is an American alternative rock band formed in 1988 in Santa Monica, California, from remnants of the group Opal. Founding member David Roback's friend Hope Sandoval became the group's vocalist when Kendra Smith left Opal. Mazzy Star is best known for the song """"Fade into You"""", which brought the band some success in the mid-1990s and was the group's biggest mainstream hit, earning extensive exposure on MTV, VH1, and radio airplay. Roback and Sandoval were the creative center of the band, with Sandoval as lyricist and Roback as composer of the majority of the band's material until his death in Los Angeles on February 24, 2020, from metastatic cancer. Mazzy Star's founding drummer Keith Mitchell, originally part of Opal, died on May 14, 2017 from cancer.""","Mazzy Star was formed in Santa Monica, California in 1988",closed_qa How much PVC produced each year?,"Polyvinyl chloride (alternatively: poly(vinyl chloride), colloquial: polyvinyl, or simply vinyl; abbreviated: PVC) is the world's third-most widely produced synthetic polymer of plastic (after polyethylene and polypropylene). About 40 million tons of PVC are produced each year.",Each year about 40 million tons of PVC are produced.,closed_qa "Given a reference text about the 2015 UEFA Super Cup, tell me who played in the game, who won, and the score.","The 2015 UEFA Super Cup was a football match between Spanish teams Barcelona and Sevilla on 11 August 2015 at the Boris Paichadze Dinamo Arena in Tbilisi, Georgia. It was the 40th UEFA Super Cup, an annual tournament contested by the winners of the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League. Barcelona were appearing in the Super Cup for the ninth time, they had previously won and lost the competition four times each. Sevilla were appearing in the competition for the fourth time, they had won once and lost twice. The two sides had met before in the competition in 2006, when Sevilla won 3–0. The teams had qualified for the competition by winning the two seasonal European competitions. Barcelona won the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League, defeating Italian Juventus 3–1 in the final. Sevilla qualified as winners of the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League. They beat Ukrainian team Dnipro 3–2 in the final. Barcelona won the game 5–4 after extra time to claim their fifth Super Cup title, tying Milan's record. Their ninth Super Cup appearance was also a record, two ahead of Milan. Dani Alves's fourth Super Cup win and fifth appearance matched Paolo Maldini's records, while Luis Enrique became the fourth man to lift the UEFA Super Cup as coach and player after Pep Guardiola, Carlo Ancelotti and Diego Simeone. The nine goals scored was also the most in any Super Cup fixture, and the attendance of 51,940 was a record for a one-off, neutral venue UEFA Super Cup.",Barcelona played Sevilla in the 2015 UEFA Super Cup. Barcelona won 5-4 after extra time.,closed_qa Is Parsenn nice for skiing,"Parsenn is a ski area near Davos, Switzerland, offering 35 ski runs. The Parsenn area is the largest and most modern of Davos' five mountains. The recently updated Parsenn ""red railway"" funicular covers the difference of 1,100 metres (3,609 ft) up to the Weissfluhjoch ridge. One can also get from Klosters to Gotschna/Parsenn with a large cable car which runs from here run up to 17 kilometres (10.6 mi) into the Prättigau valley.","Parsenn is a ski area near Davos, Switzerland, offering 35 ski runs. The Parsenn area is the largest and most modern of Davos' five mountains and is considered as very nice.",summarization "Write a few paragraphs on the Smoky Mountains in the United States, and why it is a nice vacation spot.",,"The Smoky Mountains are located in Tennessee and North Carolina, and constitute a portion of the Appalachian Mountains along the mid-east of the United States. The Smoky Mountains boasts a wide variety of rich and diverse plant and animal life, which draws tourists from around the world. Outdoor activities in the Smoky Mountains include hiking, zip-lining, biking, boating, kayaking, fly-fishing, skiing, canyoning, to name a few. The Smoky Mountains area also have popular destinations like Asheville, NC - a center of music, art, food, and culture. Asheville is home to the Biltmore Estate, America's largest privately-owned home, constructed by the Vanderbilt family in 1889. Overall, the Smoky Mountain area offers a wide range of fun activities that make for a great vacation for all ages.",creative_writing Which city is the capital city of California?,,Sacramento is the capital of California.,open_qa What geographic area do Sephardic Jews originate from?,,Sephardic Judaism is rooted in the Iberian peninsula,open_qa "Based on the reference text, what colors do the Tampa Bay Rowdies wear and what stadium do they play in?","The Tampa Bay Rowdies are an American professional soccer team based in St. Petersburg, Florida. The club was founded in 2008 and first took the pitch in 2010. Since 2017, the Rowdies have been members of the USL Championship in the second tier of the American soccer pyramid. They formerly played in USSF Division 2 (in 2010) and the North American Soccer League (NASL) (from 2011 to 2016), which were also second-tier leagues. The Rowdies play their home games at Al Lang Stadium on St. Petersburg's downtown waterfront. The current club is a phoenix club of the original Tampa Bay Rowdies, who were active from 1975 until 1993, most notably in the original North American Soccer League. It shares its name, logo, and some of its club culture with the original club. The owners of the current club announced their intention to use the old Rowdies' trademarks at its introductory press conference in 2008. However, licensing issues forced the club to use the name FC Tampa Bay until December 2011, when it gained full rights to the Rowdies name and other intellectual property. The current Rowdies have always used the same green and yellow color scheme and ""hoops"" as the original team, even when they could not yet use the Rowdies name. The Rowdies captured the NASL championship in Soccer Bowl 2012, and their team shield includes two stars: one for their 2012 win and one for the 1975 Soccer Bowl championship won by the original Rowdies. The club has had a long-standing rivalry with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers, with whom they have contested the Florida Derby since the original Rowdies and Strikers first met in 1977. The Rowdies were also named co-league champions in 2020 after winning the USL Regular Season title and Eastern Conference Championship, but the title game was canceled due to COVID-19. They were Eastern Conference Champions again in 2021, but lost in the title game. In October 2018, the Tampa Bay Rays, the area's Major League Baseball franchise, announced plans to purchase the Rowdies and assume control of Al Lang Stadium.",The Tampa Bay Rowdies wear green and yellow and play in Al Lang Stadium in downtown St. Petersburg.,closed_qa What is the Pandemis corylana,"Pandemis corylana, the chequered fruit-tree tortrix, hazel tortrix moth, filbert tortricid or barred fruit tree moth, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found from northern and central Europe to Siberia, Korea and Japan.","The Pandemis corylana, the chequered fruit-tree tortrix, hazel tortrix moth, filbert tortricid or barred fruit tree moth, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found from northern and central Europe to Siberia, Korea and Japan.",summarization Who is Robert Mitchum?,"Robert Mitchum (1917–1997) was an American actor who appeared in over 110 films and television series over the course of his career. He is ranked 23rd on the American Film Institute's list of the 50 greatest American screen legends of all time. His first credited named role was as Quinn in the 1943 western Border Patrol. That same year he appeared in the films Follow the Band, Beyond the Last Frontier, Cry 'Havoc' and Gung Ho! as well as several Hopalong Cassidy films including Colt Comrades, Bar 20, False Colors, and Riders of the Deadline. In 1944, he starred in the western Nevada as Jim ""Nevada"" Lacy, and a year later in the film West of the Pecos as Pecos Smith. During the 1940s, he was also cast in the film noirs Undercurrent (1946), Crossfire (1947), Out of the Past (1947) and The Big Steal (1949). Mitchum was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as a world-weary soldier in the 1945 film The Story of G.I. Joe, which received critical acclaim and was a commercial success.","Robert Mitchum was a prolific American actor, appearing in over 110 films and television shows. He was an Academy Award nominee and his primary film genre was Western.",summarization What city is the capital of Alberta Canada?,,The capital city of the province of Alberta in Canada is Edmonton.,open_qa What is the most popular sport in Canada?,,The most popular sport in Canada is ice hockey. It is also the national sport of Canada.,open_qa "Given the reference text about the genus Banksia, tell me how many species of Banksia there are and what size they can grow to.","Banksia is a genus of around 170 species in the plant family Proteaceae. These Australian wildflowers and popular garden plants are easily recognised by their characteristic flower spikes, and fruiting ""cones"" and heads. Banksias range in size from prostrate woody shrubs to trees up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall. They are found in a wide variety of landscapes: sclerophyll forest, (occasionally) rainforest, shrubland, and some more arid landscapes, though not in Australia's deserts.",There are around 170 species of Banksia. Banksias range in size from prostrate woody shrubs to trees up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall.,closed_qa describe experience of child fighting with autism,,"Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a child's social communication and interaction, as well as their behavior and interests. Children with autism may have difficulty understanding social cues and may struggle to express their emotions, which can make it challenging for them to navigate social situations and communicate effectively. Children with autism may also experience sensory processing difficulties, where they are either over or under sensitive to different sensory stimuli, such as sound, touch, taste, or smell. This can lead to sensory overload and cause them to become overwhelmed or upset. When a child with autism experiences a challenging situation, such as a conflict with another child, their reaction can vary. They may struggle to communicate their feelings effectively, which can lead to frustration or even aggression. In some cases, they may become overwhelmed by their emotions and engage in self-injurious behavior, such as hitting or biting themselves. It's important to remember that every child with autism is unique, and their experience of fighting with autism may vary depending on their individual strengths and challenges. However, with early diagnosis, proper support, and effective intervention, children with autism can learn to manage their emotions and develop positive social skills to navigate social situations successfully.",creative_writing "Given this paragraph, what is the strongest part of the scapholunate ligament?","The scapholunate ligament is an intraarticular ligament binding the scaphoid and lunate bones of the wrist together. It is divided into three areas, dorsal, proximal and palmar, with the dorsal segment being the strongest part. It is the main stabilizer of the scaphoid. In contrast to the scapholunate ligament, the lunotriquetral ligament is more prominent on the palmar side.","Given this text, the dorsal segment is the strongest part of the scapholunate ligament.",closed_qa What is the dominant character encoding for the World Wide Web?,"UTF-8 is the dominant encoding for the World Wide Web (and internet technologies), accounting for 97.9% of all web pages, over 99.0% of the top 10,000 pages, and up to 100.0% for many languages, as of 2023. Virtually all countries and languages have 95.0% or more use of UTF-8 encodings on the web.",The dominant character encoding for the World Wide Web is UTF-8. It is used by 97.9% of all web pages.,information_extraction What is Stanley B. Goldenberg's profession?,"Stanley B. Goldenberg is a meteorologist with NOAA/AOML's Hurricane Research Division in Miami (Virginia Key), Florida. Goldenberg has specialized in climate studies and hurricanes. Stan's hurricane-related research has included developing and implementing significant improvements to one of the earlier numerical hurricane-track prediction models used by the National Hurricane Center and more recently, examining the various climatic factors which influence the variability of hurricane activity in the Atlantic from intraseasonal to multidecadal time scales. He has done extensive research into the physical mechanisms responsible for the connection between El Niño and Atlantic hurricane activity. He was the first author of the research report published in Science establishing the fact that the Atlantic hurricane basin has entered a multidecadal-scale era of greatly increased hurricane activity. The paper concluded that the increase in hurricane activity was due to natural climate fluctuations rather than from any long-term temperature trends (which some attribute to anthropogenic global warming). (This paper was recognized with the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Outstanding Scientific Paper Award.) He is one of the lead authors of NOAA's Seasonal Hurricane Outlooks for the Atlantic basin and was a co-recipient of NOAA's Bronze Medal for that work. Goldenberg has participated in numerous research flights into and around hurricanes on NOAA's WP-3D and Gulfstream IV aircraft, including flights into Hurricane Katrina (2005) as it made landfall on the Louisiana/Mississippi coast.","Stanley B. Goldenberg is a meteorologist with NOAA/AOML's Hurrican Research Division, specializing in climate studies and hurricanes.",information_extraction What type of poetry is Sappho best known for?,,Sappho is an ancient Greek poet best known for her lyric poetry.,open_qa Is it safe for dogs to eat chocolate?,,"No, chocolate is considered dangerous for dogs to consume.",open_qa Who is the most decorated olympian of all time?,,Michael Phelps is the most decorated olympian winning a total of 28 medals.,open_qa How did the Getty Museum in Los Angeles respond to the global pandemic?,"Many museums turned to their existing social media presences to engage their audience online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inspired by the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam and Instagram accounts such as the Dutch Tussen Kunst & Quarantaine (“between art and quarantine”) and Covid Classics, the Getty sponsored the Getty Museum Challenge, inviting people to use everyday objects to recreate works of art and share their creations on social media, prompting thousands of submissions. The museum was among those singled out for particular praise by industry analysts for their successful social media content strategy during the shutdown, both for the challenge and for incorporating its works into the popular video game Animal Crossing.","Like other art institutions, the Getty Museum leveraged its social media presence in a creative way to keep engagement levels high during the pandemic. The Getty invited people to reimagine classic works of art using every day objects, the results of which were posted on social media for others' enjoyment and commentary. Thousands of people were inspired to post submissions, and industry analysts praised the museum for this successful social media strategy.",information_extraction How many paralympics did Paraskevi compete in?,"Paraskevi has competed in three Paralympics competing in the T11 100m, 200m and long jump. Her first games were the 2004 Summer Paralympics in her home country where she won a bronze in the 100m. She was unable to match this in Beijing in the 2008 Summer Paralympics and in London in 2012 Summer Paralympics where she failed to win any medals.",Paraskevi competed in three paralympics.,closed_qa Who is the Buhler Group,"The Bühler Holding AG is a Swiss multinational plant equipment manufacturer based in Uzwil, Switzerland. It is known for plant and equipment and related services for processing foods and manufacturing advanced materials. The organization holds leading market positions worldwide in the fields of technology as well as processes for transforming grain into flour and animal feeds, producing pasta and chocolate, and manufacturing die cast components. The core technologies of the Group are in the field of mechanical and thermal process engineering. Bühler Group operates in over 140 countries, has a global payroll of 12,490, 30 manufacturing sites worldwide and generated revenues of CHF 2,70 billion in 2021.","The Buhler Holding AG is a Swiss multinational plant equipment manufacturer based in Uzwil, Switzerland. It is known for plant and equipment and related services for processing foods and manufacturing advanced materials. The organization holds leading market positions worldwide in the fields of technology as well as processes for transforming grain into flour and animal feeds, producing pasta and chocolate, and manufacturing die cast components. The core technologies of the Group are in the field of mechanical and thermal process engineering.",summarization What is the largest city in Oregon?,,Portland,open_qa Where does the Golden Retriever originate from?,"The Golden Retriever is a Scottish breed of retriever dog of medium size. It is characterised by a gentle and affectionate nature and a striking golden coat. It is commonly kept as a pet and is among the most frequently registered breeds in several Western countries. It is a frequent competitor in dog shows and obedience trials; it is also used as a gundog, and may be trained for use as a guide dog. The breed was created by Sir Dudley Marjoribanks at his Scottish estate Guisachan in the late nineteenth century. He cross-bred Flat-coated Retrievers with Tweed Water Spaniels, with some further infusions of Red Setter, Labrador Retriever and Bloodhound. The breed was recognised by the Kennel Club in 1913, and during the interwar period spread to many parts of the world.",The Golden Retriever dog breed originates from Scotland.,information_extraction What are the rivers in Rajkot area?,Rajkot is located at 22.3°N 70.78°E. It has an average elevation of 128 metres (420 ft). The city is located on the bank of Aji River and Nyari River which remains dry except the monsoon months of July to September. The city is spread in the area of 170.00 km2.,There are two rivers - Aaji and Nyari - in the vicinity of Rajkot.,closed_qa Who is the company Geberit,Geberit (Alemannic German pronunciation: [ˈɡeberɪ:t] is a Swiss multinational group specialized in manufacturing and supplying sanitary parts and related systems. It is a leader in its field in Europe with a global presence through its subsidiaries.,Geberit is a Swiss multinational group specialized in manufacturing and supplying sanitary parts and related systems. It is a leader in its field in Europe with a global presence through its subsidiaries.,summarization For whom was Harvard University named?,"Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and is widely considered to be one of the most prestigious universities in the world.",Harvard University was names for John Harvard - the Puritan clergyman who was the university's first benefactor.,summarization "As per Bernoulli's principle what should the sum of kinetic energy, potential energy and internal energy be?","Bernoulli's principle is a key concept in fluid dynamics that relates pressure, speed and height. Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.  The principle is named after the Swiss mathematician and physicist Daniel Bernoulli, who published it in his book Hydrodynamica in 1738.Although Bernoulli deduced that pressure decreases when the flow speed increases, it was Leonhard Euler in 1752 who derived Bernoulli's equation in its usual form. The principle is only applicable for isentropic flows: when the effects of irreversible processes (like turbulence) and non-adiabatic processes (e.g. thermal radiation) are small and can be neglected. Bernoulli's principle can be derived from the principle of conservation of energy. This states that, in a steady flow, the sum of all forms of energy in a fluid is the same at all points that are free of viscous forces. This requires that the sum of kinetic energy, potential energy and internal energy remains constant. Thus an increase in the speed of the fluid—implying an increase in its kinetic energy (dynamic pressure)—occurs with a simultaneous decrease in (the sum of) its potential energy (including the static pressure) and internal energy. If the fluid is flowing out of a reservoir, the sum of all forms of energy is the same because in a reservoir the energy per unit volume (the sum of pressure and gravitational potential ρ g h) is the same everywhere. Bernoulli's principle can also be derived directly from Isaac Newton's second Law of Motion. If a small volume of fluid is flowing horizontally from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure, then there is more pressure behind than in front. This gives a net force on the volume, accelerating it along the streamline. Fluid particles are subject only to pressure and their own weight. If a fluid is flowing horizontally and along a section of a streamline, where the speed increases it can only be because the fluid on that section has moved from a region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure; and if its speed decreases, it can only be because it has moved from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. Consequently, within a fluid flowing horizontally, the highest speed occurs where the pressure is lowest, and the lowest speed occurs where the pressure is highest.","Bernoulli's principle requires that the sum of kinetic energy, potential energy and internal energy remains constant.",summarization Describe thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada.,"Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather, while in other places (particularly in Eastern Asia because of the monsoon) it is associated with rainy weather. The wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the savanna climate regime. Where the wet season is associated with a seasonal shift in the prevailing winds, it is known as a monsoon. In the northern Atlantic Ocean, a distinct tropical cyclone season occurs from 1 June to 30 November. The statistical peak of the Atlantic hurricane season is 10 September. The Northeast Pacific Ocean has a broader period of activity, but in a similar timeframe to the Atlantic. The Northwest Pacific sees tropical cyclones year-round, with a minimum in February and March and a peak in early September. In the North Indian basin, storms are most common from April to December, with peaks in May and November. In the Southern Hemisphere, the tropical cyclone season runs from the start of November until the end of April with peaks in mid-February to early March. Thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada runs in the spring through summer but sometimes can run as late as October or even November in the fall. These storms can produce hail, strong winds and tornadoes, usually during the afternoon and evening.","Thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada runs in the spring through summer but sometimes can run as late as October or even November in the fall. These storms can produce hail, strong winds and tornadoes, usually during the afternoon and evening.",information_extraction Who is the author of Harry Potter?,,J.K. Rowling is the British author of the seven-volume Harry Potter series,open_qa "From the passage provided, extract where the first session of Indian National Congress was held","The Indian National Congress conducted its first session in Bombay from 28 to 31 December 1885 at the initiative of retired Civil Service officer Allan Octavian Hume, known for his pro-Indian activities. In 1883, Hume had outlined his idea for a body representing Indian interests in an open letter to graduates of the University of Calcutta. It aimed to obtain a greater share in government for educated Indians and to create a platform for civic and political dialogue between them and the British Raj. Hume took the initiative, and in March 1885 a notice convening the first meeting of the Indian National Union to be held in Poona the following December was issued. However due to a cholera outbreak there, it was moved to Bombay.",The Indian National Congress conducted its first session in Bombay from 28 to 31 December 1885.,information_extraction What is the capital of Mongolia?,"Mongolia (/mɒŋˈɡoʊliə/ (listen)) is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometres (603,909 square miles), with a population of just 3.3 million, making it the world's most sparsely populated sovereign nation. Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea, and much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to roughly half of the country's population.",Ulaanbaatar is the capital of Mongolia,closed_qa "Write an explanation for why someone would want to visit New York City. Use details about the nightlife, restaurants, arts and entertainment.",,"New York City is one of the most exciting places to visit in the United States. Among many factors, New York offers world-class museums and art galleries, as well as concerts, theatre productions. The city also offers a wide variety of dining options - ranging from Michelin-starred restaurants to street carts, and everything in between. In addition to eating, visitors can go to hundreds of different bars and nightclubs throughout the city.",creative_writing "Given this paragraph about London, give me one reason why epidemics were spread in London.","With the onset of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, an unprecedented growth in urbanisation took place, and the number of High Streets (the primary street for retail in Britain) rapidly grew. London was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925, with a population density of 325 per hectare. In addition to the growing number of stores selling goods such as Harding, Howell & Co. on Pall Mall—a contender for the first department store—the streets had scores of street sellers loudly advertising their goods and services. London's overcrowded conditions led to cholera epidemics, claiming 14,000 lives in 1848, and 6,000 in 1866. Rising traffic congestion led to the creation of the world's first local urban rail network. The Metropolitan Board of Works oversaw infrastructure expansion in the capital and some surrounding counties; it was abolished in 1889 when the London County Council was created out of county areas surrounding the capital.",London's overcrowded conditions is one reason why epidemics spread in London.,closed_qa Which Baseball team won the 2016 World Series?,,The Chicago Cubs won the World Series of Baseball in 2016.,open_qa How many Spitfire fighter aircraft remain airworthy,"The Supermarine Spitfire is a British single-seat fighter aircraft used by the Royal Air Force and other Allied countries before, during, and after World War II. Many variants of the Spitfire were built, from the Mk 1 to the Rolls-Royce Griffon-engined Mk 24 using several wing configurations and guns. It was the only British fighter produced continuously throughout the war. The Spitfire remains popular among enthusiasts; around 70 remain airworthy, and many more are static exhibits in aviation museums throughout the world.",around 70 remain airworthy,closed_qa "From the passage provided, list the awards won. Include when they were won and by whom.","""I'm the Urban Spaceman"" was the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band's most successful single, released in 1968. It reached #5 in the UK charts. The song was written by Neil Innes—who won an Ivor Novello Award in 1968 for the song—and produced by Paul McCartney under the pseudonym ""Apollo C. Vermouth"". The B-side was written by Vivian Stanshall. A well-known staging of the song involves Innes performing solo while a female tap dancer performs an enthusiastic but apparently under-rehearsed routine around him. This skit originally appeared in a 1975 edition of Rutland Weekend Television, with Lyn Ashley as the dancer, and was more famously revived in the 1982 film Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl with Carol Cleveland taking over the role. Leeds indie rock band Cud performed an extremely fast version (1:07 long) for a 1989 Peel Session. The recording appears on their albums Elvis Belt and BB Cudn't C.","Neil Innes won the Ivor Novello Award in 1968 for writing the song ""I'm the Urban Spaceman"".",information_extraction What is the capital of Maine?,,Augusta is the capital of Maine,open_qa Is it safe for dogs to eat grapes?,,"No, grapes are considered dangerous for dogs to consume.",open_qa What team has won the most Stanley Cups?,,The Montreal Canadiens have won the most Stanley Cups with 24.,open_qa "From the given text, List some details about the song ""Key West (Philosopher Pirate)""","""Key West (Philosopher Pirate)"" is a song written and performed by the American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan and released as the ninth track on his 2020 album Rough and Rowdy Ways. It is a mid-tempo, accordion-driven ballad that has been cited as a high point of the album by many critics. It is the only song on the album to feature a traditional chorus and one of only two songs (the other being ""I've Made Up My Mind to Give Myself to You"") to feature backing vocals.","1. Bob Dylan, an American singer-songwriter, wrote and recorded the song ""Key West (Philosopher Pirate),"" which was included as the ninth track on his 2020 album Rough and Rowdy Ways. 2. Many reviews have praised this mid-tempo, accordion-driven ballad as the album's best track. 3. It is one of just two songs on the album (the other being ""I've Made Up My Mind to Give Myself to You"") to have backup singers, and it is the only song on the album with a conventional chorus.",summarization What is the capital of Brazil?,,Brasília is the capital of Brazil,open_qa Where in Australia is Palm Cove located?,Palm Cove is located in Far North Queensland on the Australian coast. It has a long sandy beach along most of its seafront except for the rocky headland around Buchan Point in the north of the suburb.,Palm Cove is located in Far North Queensland on the Australian coast.,closed_qa Why is dried fruit prized?,"Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators. Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating back to the fourth millennium BC in Mesopotamia, and is prized because of its sweet taste, nutritive value and long shelf life. Today, dried fruit consumption is widespread. Nearly half of the dried fruits sold are raisins, followed by dates, prunes, figs, apricots, peaches, apples, and pears. These are referred to as ""conventional"" or ""traditional"" dried fruits: fruits that have been dried in the sun or in heated wind tunnel dryers. Many fruits such as cranberries, blueberries, cherries, strawberries, and mango are infused with a sweetener (e.g. sucrose syrup) prior to drying. Some products sold as dried fruit, like papaya, kiwifruit and pineapple, are most often candied fruit. Dried fruits retain most of the nutritional value of fresh fruits. The specific nutrient content of the different dried fruits reflects their fresh counterpart and the processing method.","Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating back to the fourth millennium BC in Mesopotamia, and is prized because of its sweet taste, nutritive value and long shelf life.",information_extraction "Given this paragraph, how many public high schools are in Arlington, Virginia?","Arlington Public Schools operates the county's public K-12 education system of 22 elementary schools; 6 middle schools (Dorothy Hamm Middle School, Gunston Middle School, Kenmore Middle School, Swanson Middle School, Thomas Jefferson Middle School, and Williamsburg Middle School); and 3 public high schools (Wakefield High School, Washington-Liberty High School, and Yorktown High School). H-B Woodlawn and Arlington Tech are alternative public schools. Arlington County spends about half of its local revenues on education. For the FY2013 budget, 83 percent of funding was from local revenues, and 12 percent from the state. Per pupil expenditures are expected to average $18,700, well above its neighbors, Fairfax County ($13,600) and Montgomery County ($14,900).","There are 3 public high schools in Arlington, Va.",closed_qa What device is used to resolve combat outcomes in Quest of the Ancients?,"Quest of the Ancients is an independent role-playing game published in the late 1980s by Unicorn Game Publications. It is mainly a Dungeons & Dragons clone, in that it was character class- and level-based, used a Dungeon & Dragons style Vancian Magic system, and used a skill system similar to the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons thief skill system. Most notably, it used a thirty sided die (or d30) for combat resolution. Written by Vince Garcia of Fresno, California, the game system implements a large number of character classes.",A thirty sided die (or d30) is used for combat resolution.,closed_qa What were Georgije Hranislav hobbies?,"On 24 January 1829, Archimandrite Georgije was consecrated Bishop of Pakrac, since the former Bishop Josef (Putnik) moved to the Timisoara Cathedral. Bishop Georgije remained there for a decade. In 1839, Bishop Georgije was transferred to the Diocese of Bačka on 26 May. With the death of Metropolitan Stefan Stanković, he administered the Metropolitanate of Karlovci in the period from 31 July 1841 until the election of the new Metropolitan in 1842. Bishop Georgije was a very educated man of his time and had a penchant for literature, translating, writing and collecting books. His contemporaries were men of letters such as Sava Mrkalj, Jovan Muškatirović, Sava Tekelija, Lukijan Mušicki, Pavle Solarić, and Jovan Savić. In addition, he helped the poor and educated young people. He translated a German cookbook into Serbian in 1804. Georgije Hranislav died on 22 June 1843. He was buried in the Cathedral of the Serbian Orthodox Church of Novi Sad","Georgije Hranislav had several interesting hobbies, including: literature, translating, writing and collecting books.",summarization What is the capital of Texas?,,Austin is the capital of Texas,open_qa From the passage identify the type of video games which Gamezebo reviews. Display the results in a comma separated format.,"Gamezebo (sometimes stylized GameZebo) is a website which reports on and reviews video games. Founded in 2005 by Joel Brodie, it originally focused on casual games before expanding its scope to social games in 2009. After being acquired by the causal game company iWin in 2016, Gamezebo was redesigned and expanded its coverage to PC games. It is based in Walnut Creek, California. Gamezebo was launched in 2005. It was founded by Joel Brodie, the former head of business development at Yahoo! Games. Brodie found that many video game publications ""looked down"" on casual games and started the website to review and cover news on the genre. It was billed as the first website which solely covered casual games.Gamezebo and the Casual Games Association launched the Zeebys in 2007, which were awarded to casual games. In 2008, it held another installment of the Zebbys which was aired on Lifetime and was nominated for a Webby Award for 'Games-Related' websites. It used RSS for its content feed. In 2009, Gamezebo expanded its scope with the growing popularity of social games such as FarmVille (2009). By February 2010, it had a staff and twenty freelance journalists. The website was redesigned in 2014.In 2015, editor-in-chief Jim Squires told MacRumors that Gamezebo was struggling as larger mobile developers shifted away from traditional advertising. In March 2016, Gamezebo was acquired by casual game company iWin. It launched another redesign shortly after, improving navigation and expanding its coverage to PC games. Gamezebo, Inc. is based in Walnut Creek, California.","casual games, social games",information_extraction How many times have the Boston Celtics won the NBA championship?,,The Celtics have won 17 NBA championships.,open_qa "Given this reference text about the consumption of peanut butter, when is national peanut butter day?","The United States is a leading exporter of peanut butter, and one of the largest consumers of peanut butter annually per capita. January 24 is National Peanut Butter Day in the United States. In March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, retail sales of peanut butter in the United States increased by 75% over the level in March 2019. According to Jon Krampner's 2013 book on peanut butter, per capita consumption of peanut butter in Canada and the Netherlands – the largest consumer per capita in Europe – exceed that in the United States. In Israel, the peanut-butter-flavored puffcorn snack Bamba accounts for 25% of the snack market; its consumption by infants has been linked to a low incidence of peanut allergies among Israelis.",National Peanut Butter Day takes place on January 24th in the United States.,closed_qa Why do people like the band 'My Morning Jacket?',,"Many committed fans gravitate to their unique sound including traditional rock n roll elements like guitar, drums, bass guitar, and keyboard, but also including unique sounds like slide guitar, saxophone, acoustic guitar, and an Omnichord. My Morning Jacket's lead singer, guitarist, and songwriter, Jim James, has an incredible voice and is an amazing live performer. Further, many dedicated fans love their unique live performances and will travel around the world to attend their concerts.",brainstorming What is the capital of Kansas?,,Topeka is the capital of Kansas,open_qa Is it safe to smoke at a gas station?,,"No, it is unsafe to smoke at a gas station because there is a risk that fuel could be ignited and cause a fire.",open_qa "Given a reference text about Ainley's storm petrel, tell me when and where they breed.","Ainley's storm petrel (Hydrobates cheimomnestes) is a species of seabird in the family Hydrobatidae. It breeds in the winter on Guadalupe Island off the western coast of Mexico. It ranges south to the Galápagos Islands. It is considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of Leach's storm petrel. Taxonomy This species was first described as a subspecies of Leach's storm petrel (Hydrobates leucorhoa), by the United States marine ornithologist David Ainley. He distinguished it on grounds of physiology, morphology and voice, separating it from Townsend's storm petrel (Hydrobates socorroensis) which breeds on the same islands in the summer whereas Hydrobates cheimomnestes breeds in the winter. The species name cheimomnestes means ""winter suitor"", in reference to the fact that this bird breeds in the winter. There is still disagreement among authorities as to whether it should be regarded as a separate species. It is recognised as such by Avibase, but not by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. It was formerly defined in the genus Oceanodroma before that genus was synonymized with Hydrobates.",Ainley's storm petrel breed on Guadalupe Island in the winter.,closed_qa "From the passage provided, extract the official language of Tamil Nadu.","Tamil Nadu (/ˌtæmɪl ˈnɑːduː/; Tamil: [ˈtamiɻ ˈnaːɽɯ] (listen), abbr. TN) is the southern-most state of India. The tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population, Tamil Nadu is the home of the Tamil people, whose Tamil language—one of the longest surviving classical languages in the world—is widely spoken in the state and serves as its official language. The capital and largest city is Chennai.",Tamil is the official language of Tamil Nadu.,information_extraction "Given a reference text about Pultenaea empetrifolia, tell me the colors of its flowers.","Pultenaea empetrifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spindly, prostrate or spreading shrub with down-curved, cylindrical, grooved leaves and yellow to orange and red flowers. Description Pultenaea empetrifolia is a spindly, prostrate or spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 40 cm (16 in) and has glabrous stems. The leaves are cylindrical and curved strongly downwards with one or two grooves along the lower surface, 3–4.5 mm (0.12–0.18 in) long and 0.6–1.0 mm (0.024–0.039 in) wide with stipules at the base. The flowers are yellow to orange and red, and sessile or on a pedicel about up to 0.5 mm (0.020 in) long. The sepals are hairy and 4.0–4.6 mm (0.16–0.18 in) long with hairy bracteoles 1.5–3 mm (0.059–0.118 in) long at the base. The standard petal is 8.0–8.5 mm (0.31–0.33 in) long, the wings 7–8 mm (0.28–0.31 in) long and the keel 6.2–7.0 mm (0.24–0.28 in) long. Flowering occurs from September to October and the fruit is a pod.",The Pultenaea empetrifolia has yellow to orange and red flowers.,closed_qa Give me some details about the MV Cape Race please,The MV Cape Race (T-AKR-9960) was originally built as the MV Seaspeed America for the Transocean RO-RO Corp. She was sold to various other corporations until she was purchased by the United States Navy in April 1993. She underwent conversion to fit a more active role in and serve a military need better and was placed back in service April 1993. She has served on multiple occasions but is currently in the US Ready Reserve Fleet.,"The MV Cape Race (T-AKR-9960) was originally built as the MV Seaspeed America for the Transocean RO-RO Corp. She was sold to various other corporations until she was purchased by the United States Navy in April 1993. She underwent conversion to fit a more active role in and serve a military need better and was placed back in service April 1993. She has served on multiple occasions but is currently in the US Ready Reserve Fleet.",summarization Did Neo take the blue pill or the red pill?,,Neo took the red pill in the first The Matrix movie.,open_qa what language is spoken in Brazil?,,"Portuguese is the official and national language of Brazil being widely spoken by most of the population. Brazil is the most populous Portuguese-speaking country in the world, with its lands comprising the majority of Portugal’s former colonial holdings in the Americas.",open_qa how many times did India won the cricket world cup,,"Indian cricket team won world cup 2 times. In addition to winning the 1983 Cricket World Cup, Indian team also won the Cricket World Cup on home soil in 2011.",open_qa What type of effect does Coffee have on humans?,"""Coffee is a beverage prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It has the highest sales in the world market for hot drinks. Seeds of the Coffee plant's fruits are separated to produce un-roasted green coffee beans. The beans are roasted and then ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and cream are often used to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor.""","Coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content.",closed_qa What is the capital of Germany?,,The capital of Germany is Berlin,open_qa "Given this paragraph about grunge guitarists, what types of amplifiers would typically be preferred?","Grunge is generally characterized by a sludgy electric guitar sound with a thick middle register and rolled-off treble tone and a high level of distortion and fuzz, typically created with small 1970s-style stompbox pedals, with some guitarists chaining several fuzz pedals together and plugging them into a tube amplifier and speaker cabinet.Grunge guitarists use very loud Marshall guitar amplifiers and some used powerful Mesa-Boogie amplifiers, including Kurt Cobain and Dave Grohl (the latter in early, grunge-oriented Foo Fighters songs). Grunge has been called the rock genre with the most ""lugubrious sound""; the use of heavy distortion and loud amps has been compared to a massive ""buildup of sonic fog"" or even dismissed as ""noise"" by one critic.As with metal and punk, a key part of grunge's sound is very distorted power chords played on the electric guitar.",Some grunge guitarists use loud Marshall or Mesa-Boogie amplifiers.,closed_qa Who was Manchester United's most successful manager?,"Manchester United have won a record 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, six League Cups, and a record 21 FA Community Shields. They have won the European Cup/UEFA Champions League three times, and the UEFA Europa League, the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, the UEFA Super Cup, the Intercontinental Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup once each. In 1968, under the management of Matt Busby, 10 years after eight of the club's players were killed in the Munich air disaster, they became the first English club to win the European Cup. Sir Alex Ferguson is the club's longest-serving and most successful manager, winning 38 trophies, including 13 league titles, five FA Cups, and two Champions League titles between 1986 and 2013. In the 1998–99 season, under Ferguson, the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the European treble of the Premier League, FA Cup, and UEFA Champions League. In winning the UEFA Europa League under José Mourinho in 2016–17, they became one of five clubs to have won the original three main UEFA club competitions (the Champions League, Europa League and Cup Winners' Cup).",Manchester United's most successful manager is Sir Alex Ferguson who won 38 trophies including 13 league titles,summarization Which is the most popular sport in India?,,The most popular sport in India is Cricket,open_qa Is there a high school in Fairdale,"Fairdale High School is a high school located in the Fairdale area of Louisville, Kentucky, United States. It is part of the Jefferson County Public Schools. As of the 2013–14 school year, there were 1,804 students at the school.","Yes. The Fairdale High School is a high school located in the Fairdale area of Louisville, Kentucky, United States. It is part of the Jefferson County Public Schools. As of the 2013–14 school year, there were 1,804 students at the school.",closed_qa Who was the lead singer for the band Aerosmith?,,Steven Tyler was the lead singer for Aerosmith,open_qa "Given a reference text about Run Towards the Danger, tell me how many essays are part of the collection.","Run Towards the Danger is a 2022 Canadian essay collection by Sarah Polley, a former child star, director, and screenwriter. The six essays in the collection examine aspects of Polley's career on stage, screen, and on film detailing her roles in a Stratford Festival production of Alice Through the Looking Glass, as well as her breakout roles in The Adventures of Baron Munchausen and the TV series Road to Avonlea. The book also revealed for the first time that Polley had been a victim of Jian Ghomeshi who sexually and physically assaulted her when she was 16 and he was 28.",Six essays are part of the Run Towards the Danger essay collection.,closed_qa What is the Eupithecia spinibarbata,"Eupithecia spinibarbata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in India (Darjeeling). The wingspan is about 19 mm. The forewings are pale whitish grey.","The Eupithecia spinibarbata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in India (Darjeeling). The wingspan is about 19 mm. The forewings are pale whitish grey.",summarization What were gulags and who lived in them?,"The Gulag was the government agency in charge of the Soviet network of forced labour camps which were set up by order of Vladimir Lenin, reaching its peak during Joseph Stalin's rule from the 1930s to the early 1950s. English-language speakers also use the word gulag in reference to each of the forced-labor camps that existed in the Soviet Union, including the camps that existed in the post-Lenin era. The full official name of the agency changed several times. The Gulag is recognized as a major instrument of political repression in the Soviet Union. The camps housed a wide range of convicts, from petty criminals to political prisoners, a large number of whom were convicted by simplified procedures, such as NKVD troikas or other instruments of extrajudicial punishment. In 1918–1922, the agency was administered by the Cheka, followed by the GPU (1922–1923), the OGPU (1923–1934), later known as the NKVD (1934–1946), and the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) in the final years. The Solovki prison camp, the first correctional labour camp which was constructed after the revolution, was opened in 1918 and legalized by a decree, ""On the creation of the forced-labor camps"", on April 15, 1919.","Gulags were forced labour camps created during the Soviet Union that were used as an instrument of political repression and punishment. Gulags housed a wide range of individuals, from political prisoners to petty criminals.",summarization "Given the reference text about Karl Marx, tell me when he died, what subjects he studied and at which universities he studied.","Karl Heinrich Marx FRSA (German: [maʁks]; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, critic of political economy, and socialist revolutionary. His best-known titles are the 1848 pamphlet The Communist Manifesto and the four-volume Das Kapital (1867–1883). Marx's political and philosophical thought had enormous influence on subsequent intellectual, economic, and political history. His name has been used as an adjective, a noun, and a school of social theory. Born in Trier, Germany, Marx studied law and philosophy at the universities of Bonn and Berlin. He married German theatre critic and political activist Jenny von Westphalen in 1843. Due to his political publications, Marx became stateless and lived in exile with his wife and children in London for decades, where he continued to develop his thought in collaboration with German philosopher Friedrich Engels and publish his writings, researching in the British Museum Reading Room. Marx's critical theories about society, economics, and politics, collectively understood as Marxism, hold that human societies develop through class conflict. In the capitalist mode of production, this manifests itself in the conflict between the ruling classes (known as the bourgeoisie) that control the means of production and the working classes (known as the proletariat) that enable these means by selling their labour-power in return for wages. Employing a critical approach known as historical materialism, Marx predicted that capitalism produced internal tensions like previous socioeconomic systems and that these tensions would lead to its self-destruction and replacement by a new system known as the socialist mode of production. For Marx, class antagonisms under capitalism—owing in part to its instability and crisis-prone nature—would eventuate the working class's development of class consciousness, leading to their conquest of political power and eventually the establishment of a classless, communist society constituted by a free association of producers. Marx actively pressed for its implementation, arguing that the working class should carry out organised proletarian revolutionary action to topple capitalism and bring about socio-economic emancipation. Marx has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history, and his work has been both lauded and criticised. His work in economics laid the basis for some current theories about labour and its relation to capital. Many intellectuals, labour unions, artists, and political parties worldwide have been influenced by Marx's work, often modifying or adapting his ideas. Marx is typically cited as one of the principal architects of modern social science.",Karl Marx studied law and philosophy at the universities of Bonn and Berlin. He died on March 14 1883.,closed_qa How many James Bond movies did Daniel Craig star in?,,Daniel Craig starred in 5 James Bond movies,open_qa "From this paragraph about Taylor Swift, how many AMAs has she won.","Swift has won 12 Grammy Awards (including three for Album of the Year—tying for the most by an artist), an Emmy Award, 40 American Music Awards (the most won by an artist), 29 Billboard Music Awards (the most won by a woman), 92 Guinness World Records, 14 MTV Video Music Awards (including three Video of the Year wins—the most by an act), 12 Country Music Association Awards (including the Pinnacle Award), eight Academy of Country Music Awards, and two Brit Awards. As a songwriter, she has been honored by the Nashville Songwriters Association, the Songwriters Hall of Fame, and the National Music Publishers' Association and was the youngest person on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time in 2015. At the 64th BMI Awards in 2016, Swift was the first woman to be honored with an award named after its recipient. In 2023, Swift became the first act to be named the global best-selling artist of the year by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) thrice.",Taylor Swift has won 40 AMAs (American Music Awards).,closed_qa "Based on the reference text about Bruce Nodwell, what did he create?","Bruce Nodwell, OC (May 12, 1914 – January 20, 2006) was a Canadian inventor who invented the Nodwell 110, a multi-purpose two-tracked vehicle capable of traversing a wide variety of adverse terrain, including sand, mud, muskeg, swamp, and snow. In 1970, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada, Canada's highest civilian honor, ""for his contribution to the opening of the Canadian North through his inventions and development of various types of tracked vehicles"". A mountain in Antarctica ""Nodwell Peaks"" and a lake in NWT bear his name.","Bruce Nodwell invented the Nodwell 110, a two-tracked vehicle capable of traversing a wide variety of terrain.",closed_qa who is nayanthara ?,,"Nayanthara is an Indian actress who is well known in Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam film Industry.",open_qa "Given this paragraph, how much control of the world's cocaine market did the Cali Cartel have at its peak?","The Cali Cartel (Spanish: Cartel de Cali) was a drug cartel based in southern Colombia, around the city of Cali and the Valle del Cauca. Its founders were the brothers Gilberto Rodríguez Orejuela, Miguel Rodríguez Orejuela and José Santacruz Londoño. They broke away from Pablo Escobar and his Medellín associates in 1987, when Hélmer ""Pacho"" Herrera joined what became a four-man executive board that ran the cartel. At the height of the Cali Cartel's reign from 1993 to 1995, they were cited as having control of over 80% of the world's cocaine market and were said to be directly responsible for the growth of the cocaine market in Europe, controlling 80% of the market there as well. By the mid-1990s, the leaders of the Cali Cartel's multibillion-dollar international drug trafficking empire were operating a US$20 billion a year global criminal empire.","At the Cali Cartel's peak from 1993 to 1995, they controlled over 80% of the world's cocaine market.",closed_qa "Given a reference text about Amanecer, who made the album and what viral song did it include?","Amanecer is an album by Bomba Estéreo. It earned Bomba Estéreo a Latin Grammy Award nomination for Best Alternative Music Album and a Grammy Award nomination for Best Latin Rock, Urban or Alternative Album. It peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart. It was also considered the best Latin album of 2015 by Rolling Stone. It includes the viral hit ""Soy Yo"", which features Costa Rican child star Sarai Gonzalez, and received over 109 million views on YouTube. The song and video were called a ""celebration of self and a symbol of proud Latinidad"" and ""an ode to brown girls"".","Bomba Estéreo made the album Amanecer. The album includes the viral song ""Soy Yo"".",closed_qa "Given this paragraph about the Cold War, why did the Soviets pull out of their war in Afghanistan?","After World War II, parts of Eastern and Central Europe, including East Germany and eastern parts of Austria were occupied by Red Army according to the Potsdam Conference. Dependent communist governments were installed in the Eastern Bloc satellite states. After becoming the world's second nuclear power, the Soviet Union established the Warsaw Pact alliance, and entered into a struggle for global dominance, known as the Cold War, with the rivaling United States and NATO. After Stalin's death in 1953 and a short period of collective rule, the new leader Nikita Khrushchev denounced Stalin and launched the policy of de-Stalinization, releasing many political prisoners from the Gulag labor camps. The general easement of repressive policies became known later as the Khrushchev Thaw. At the same time, Cold War tensions reached its peak when the two rivals clashed over the deployment of the United States Jupiter missiles in Turkey and Soviet missiles in Cuba. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, thus starting the Space Age. Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit the Earth, aboard the Vostok 1 manned spacecraft on 12 April 1961. Following the ousting of Khrushchev in 1964, another period of collective rule ensued, until Leonid Brezhnev became the leader. The era of the 1970s and the early 1980s was later designated as the Era of Stagnation. The 1965 Kosygin reform aimed for partial decentralisation of the Soviet economy. In 1979, after a communist-led revolution in Afghanistan, Soviet forces invaded the country, ultimately starting the Soviet–Afghan War. In May 1988, the Soviets started to withdraw from Afghanistan, due to international opposition, persistent anti-Soviet guerrilla warfare, and a lack of support by Soviet citizens. From 1985 onwards, the last Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, who sought to enact liberal reforms in the Soviet system, introduced the policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to end the period of economic stagnation and to democratise the government. This, however, led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements across the country. Prior to 1991, the Soviet economy was the world's second-largest, but during its final years, it went into a crisis. By 1991, economic and political turmoil began to boil over as the Baltic states chose to secede from the Soviet Union. On 17 March, a referendum was held, in which the vast majority of participating citizens voted in favour of changing the Soviet Union into a renewed federation. In June 1991, Boris Yeltsin became the first directly elected president in Russian history when he was elected president of the Russian SFSR. In August 1991, a coup d'état attempt by members of Gorbachev's government, directed against Gorbachev and aimed at preserving the Soviet Union, instead led to the end of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. On 25 December 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, along with contemporary Russia, fourteen other post-Soviet states emerged.","The Soviets withdrew from the Soviet-Afghan War beginning in May 1988 due to international opposition, persistent anti-Soviet guerrilla warfare, and a lack of support by Soviet citizens.",closed_qa Why are pulse tools used in product assembly over impact wrenches?,"Impact wrenches are widely used in many industries, such as automotive repair, heavy equipment maintenance, product assembly, major construction projects, and any other instance where a high torque output is needed. For product assembly, a pulse tool is commonly used, as it features a reactionless tightening while reducing the noise levels the regular impacts suffer from. Pulse tools use oil as a medium to transfer the kinetic energy from the hammer into the anvil. This gives a smoother impulse, a slightly lower torque to weight ratio and a possibility to design a shut off mechanism that shuts the tool down when achieving the correct torque. Pulse tools are not referred to as ""impact wrenches"" as the performance and technology are not the same.",Pulse tools are used for product assembly because they have reactionless tightening and are able to reduce noise levels,summarization "Given this paragraph on LeBron James' early career, when did he win his first NBA MVP?","James grew up playing basketball for St. Vincent–St. Mary High School in his hometown of Akron, Ohio. He was heavily touted by the national media as a future NBA superstar. A prep-to-pro, he was selected by the Cleveland Cavaliers with the first overall pick of the 2003 NBA draft. Named the 2004 NBA Rookie of the Year, he soon established himself as one of the league's premier players, leading the Cavaliers to their first NBA Finals appearance in 2007 and winning the NBA MVP award in 2009 and 2010. After failing to win a championship with Cleveland, James left in 2010 as a free agent to join the Miami Heat; this was announced in a nationally televised special titled The Decision and is among the most controversial free agency moves in sports history.",LeBron James won his first NBA MVP in 2009.,closed_qa Who was Yoshikazu Shirakawa?,"Yoshikazu Shirakawa was a Japanese photographer. He is particularly well known for his book Himalayas, published by Harry N. Abrams in 1971.","Yoshikazu Shirakawa was a Japanese photographer. He is particularly well known for his book Himalayas, published by Harry N. Abrams in 1971. He also wrote The Alps, translated by Max A. Wyss.",information_extraction "Given a reference text about the 2008 Pittsburgh Pirates season, what was their record for the season?","The 2008 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 127th season of the franchise; the 122nd in the National League. This was their eighth season at PNC Park. It was the first under new president Frank Coonelly, general manager Neal Huntington, and manager John Russell. Unable to improve on their 68–94, last place finish during the 2007 season, the Pirates had not had a winning record or made it to the playoffs since 1992, and finished 67–95 for their 16th straight losing season. The season was the final of play-by-play announcer Lanny Frattare, whose 33-year tenure as Pirates' broadcaster was the longest in franchise history.",The 2008 Pittsburgh Pirates finished the season with a record of 67-95.,closed_qa "Given the following paragraph about the history of tallest buildings, which was the first skyscraper and when was it build?","Historically, the world's tallest man-made structure was the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, which held the position for over 3800 years until the construction of Lincoln Cathedral in 1311. The Strasbourg Cathedral in France, completed in 1439, was the world's tallest building until 1874. The first skyscraper was pioneered in Chicago with the 138 ft (42.1 m) Home Insurance Building in 1885. The United States would remain the location of the world's tallest building throughout the 20th century until 1998, when the Petronas Towers were completed. Since then, two other buildings have gained the title: Taipei 101 in 2004 and Burj Khalifa in 2010. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Middle East, China, and Southeast Asia have experienced booms in skyscraper construction",The first skyscraper was the Home Insurance Building in Chicago. It was build in 1885.,closed_qa What is the current capital of Japan?,"Tokyo (/ˈtoʊkioʊ/; Japanese: 東京, Tōkyō, [toːkʲoː] (listen)), officially the Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to), is the capital and most populous city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area (13,452 square kilometers or 5,194 square miles) is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 million residents as of 2018; the city proper has a population of 13.99 million people. Located at the head of Tokyo Bay, the prefecture forms part of the Kantō region on the central coast of Honshu, Japan's largest island. Tokyo serves as Japan's economic center and is the seat of both the Japanese government and the Emperor of Japan.",Tokyo is the current capital of Japan.,information_extraction What kind of magazine was Nova,"Nova was a British glossy magazine that was published from March 1965 to October 1975 It was described by The Times as ""a politically radical, beautifully designed, intellectual women's magazine."" Nova covered such once-taboo subjects as abortion, cancer, the birth control pill, race, homosexuality, divorce and royal affairs. It featured stylish and provocative cover images.","Nova was a British glossy magazine that was published from March 1965 to October 1975. It was described by The Times as ""a politically radical, beautifully designed, intellectual women's magazine."" Nova covered such once-taboo subjects as abortion, cancer, the birth control pill, race, homosexuality, divorce and royal affairs. It featured stylish and provocative cover images.",summarization What is the capital city of the United States?,,Washington DC is the capital city of the United States,open_qa What product do the Girl Scouts sell?,,Girl Scouts sell cookies,open_qa Extract the types of communication methods that domestic cats use.,"Domestic cats use many vocalizations for communication, including purring, trilling, hissing, growling/snarling, grunting, and several different forms of meowing.","Domestic cats communicate by purring, trilling, hissing, growling, snarling, grunting, and meowing.",information_extraction "From a 10-year old child's perspective, write a short summary of a visit to the Rijksmuseum for the Vermeer exhibition.",,I went to the Rijksmuseum with my mom and dad to see the Vermeer exhibition. Vermeer was a painter who lived a long time ago and he painted really cool pictures. We saw a lot of paintings of people and things from a long time ago. Some of them were really big and some were really small. My favorite painting was one of a girl with a pearl earring. She looked so pretty and I wanted to take her home with me! We also got to see some other paintings by different artists and they were all really pretty too. It was a really fun day and I learned a lot about art!,creative_writing The album the ways to love a man by Tammy Wynette,"The Ways to Love a Man is a studio album by American country artist, Tammy Wynette. It was released on January 26, 1970 via Epic Records and was the seventh studio album in Wynette's career. The disc consisted of 11 tracks which included both original material and cover recordings. Its title track was the album's only single included. It became a number one song on the North American country charts while also reaching chart positions in other musical genres as well. The album itself also reached chart positions on the country albums chart following its release. Critics and journalists gave the album a positive reception in the years that followed.","The Ways to Love a Man is a studio album by American country artist, Tammy Wynette. It was released on January 26, 1970 via Epic Records and was the seventh studio album in Wynette's career. The disc consisted of 11 tracks which included both original material and cover recordings. Its title track was the album's only single included. It became a number one song on the North American country charts while also reaching chart positions in other musical genres as well. The album itself also reached chart positions on the country albums chart following its release. Critics and journalists gave the album a positive reception in the years that followed.",summarization "From the passage provided, extract when Gandhi moved to South Africa","Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (/ˈɡɑːndi, ˈɡændi/ GA(H)N-dee, Gujarati: [ˈmoɦəndɑs ˈkəɾəmtʃənd ˈɡɑ̃dʱi]; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule. He inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: ""great-souled"", ""venerable""), first applied to him in 1914 in South Africa, is now used throughout the world. Born and raised in a Hindu family in coastal Gujarat, Gandhi trained in the law at the Inner Temple, London, and was called to the bar at age 22 in June 1891. After two uncertain years in India, where he was unable to start a successful law practice, he moved to South Africa in 1893 to represent an Indian merchant in a lawsuit. He went on to live in South Africa for 21 years. It was here that Gandhi raised a family and first employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights. In 1915, aged 45, he returned to India and soon set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against excessive land-tax and discrimination.",Gandhi moved to South Africa in 1893,information_extraction What wine is the Oregon Willamette Valley known for?,,Oregon's Willamette Valley is known best for producing renowned Pinot Noirs.,open_qa How popular is K-pop around the world?,"Modern K-pop ""idol"" culture began in the 1990s, as K-pop idol music grew into a subculture that amassed enormous fandoms of teenagers and young adults. After a slump in early idol music, from 2003, TVXQ and BoA started a new generation of K-pop idols that broke the music genre into the neighboring Japanese market and continue to popularize K-pop internationally today. With the advent of online social networking services and South Korean TV shows, the current spread of K-pop and South Korean entertainment, known as the Korean Wave, is seen not only in East Asia and Southeast Asia, but also in Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Latin America, North Africa, Southern Africa and East Africa, the Middle East and throughout the Western world, gaining an international audience.",K-pop is a popular music genre that has a fan following across the whole world. It spread to worldwide fandom with the advent and proliferation of online social networking services.,closed_qa What type of diet does Dr. Michael Greger advocate for?,,Dr. Michael Greger advocates for a whole foods plant based diet.,open_qa What is Mozart’s contribution to the music?,"Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791) was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition resulted in more than 800 works of virtually every genre of his time. Many of these compositions are acknowledged as pinnacles of the symphonic, concertante, chamber, operatic, and choral repertoire. Mozart is widely regarded as among the greatest composers in the history of Western music, with his music admired for its ""melodic beauty, its formal elegance and its richness of harmony and texture"".","Mozart contributed more than 800 pieces of music that are known for melodic beauty, elegance and richness.",closed_qa "Using the reference information, how many years was the People's Revolutionary Government in control in Grenada, and under what leader?","The New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation, or New JEWEL Movement (NJM), was a Marxist–Leninist vanguard party in the Caribbean island nation of Grenada that was led by Maurice Bishop. Established in 1973, the NJM issued its manifesto prior to the granting of independence to Grenada in 1974. The movement took control of the country with a successful bloodless revolution in 1979 and ruled by decree as the People's Revolutionary Government until 1983. In 1983, Bishop was killed by paramilitaries affiliated with hard-liners in his own party. This led to a military government, which was deposed by the US military in a 1983 invasion.","Maurice Bishop led the People's Revolutionary Government for 4 years in Grenada, between 1979 and 1983.",closed_qa "What position did Andre Piters play in soccer, given the following paragraph?","André Piters (18 January 1931 – 23 October 2014) was a Belgian footballer who played as a striker. Piters played club football for Herve, Standard Liège, Olympic de Charleroi and Fortuna 54. He earned a total of 23 caps for Belgium between 1955 and 1961, four of which came in FIFA World Cup qualifying matches.",André Piters played as a striker,closed_qa What is the largest city in the United Kingdom?,"London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a 50-mile (80 km) estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for two millennia. The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as Londinium and retains its medieval boundaries.[note 1] The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national government and parliament. Since the 19th century, the name ""London"" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which since 1965 has largely comprised Greater London, which is governed by 33 local authorities and the Greater London Authority.[note 2]",London is the largest and capital city of the United Kingdom.,closed_qa "Given this paragraph, what is Peru's most popular tourist attraction and how many people visit it every year?","Machu Picchu is both a cultural and natural UNESCO World Heritage Site. Since its rediscovery in 1911, growing numbers of tourists have visited the site each year, with numbers exceeding 1.4 million in 2017. As Peru's most visited tourist attraction, and a major revenue generator, it is continually exposed to economic and commercial forces. In the late 1990s, the Peruvian government granted concessions to allow the construction of a cable car and a luxury hotel, including a tourist complex with boutiques and restaurants and a bridge to the site. Many people protested the plans, including Peruvians and foreign scientists, saying that more visitors would pose a physical burden on the ruins. In 2018, plans were restarted to again construct a cable car to encourage Peruvians to visit Machu Picchu and boost domestic tourism. A no-fly zone exists above the area. UNESCO is considering putting Machu Picchu on its List of World Heritage in Danger.","Machu Picchu is Peru's most visited tourist attraction, and a considerable number of people visit it every year. My data shows 1.4 million people visited Machu Picchu in the year 2017.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph that describes the country of Peru, what is its population size?","Peru, officially the Republic of Peru (Spanish: República del Perú (help·info)), is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River. Peru has a population of over 34 million, and its capital and largest city is Lima. At 1,285,216 km2 (496,225 sq mi), Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America.",Peru has a population of over 34 million people.,closed_qa What can a person do in Virtual Reality?,"""Virtual reality (VR) is a simulated experience that employs pose tracking and 3D near-eye displays to give the user an immersive feel of a virtual world. Applications of virtual reality include entertainment (particularly video games), education (such as medical or military training) and business (such as virtual meetings). Other distinct types of VR-style technology include augmented reality and mixed reality, sometimes referred to as extended reality or XR, although definitions are currently changing due to the nascence of the industry. Currently, standard virtual reality systems use either virtual reality headsets or multi-projected environments to generate some realistic images, sounds and other sensations that simulate a user's physical presence in a virtual environment. A person using virtual reality equipment is able to look around the artificial world, move around in it, and interact with virtual features or items. The effect is commonly created by VR headsets consisting of a head-mounted display with a small screen in front of the eyes, but can also be created through specially designed rooms with multiple large screens. Virtual reality typically incorporates auditory a""","A person using virtual reality equipment is able to look around the artificial world, move around in it, and interact with virtual features or items.",closed_qa "From the passage provided, extract the official language of Andhra Pradesh","Andhra Pradesh (English: /ˌɑːndrə prəˈdɛʃ/, Telugu: [ãːndʱrɐ prɐdeːʃ] (listen) abbr. AP) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state by area covering an area of 162,975 km2 (62,925 sq mi) and tenth-most-populous state, with 49,386,799 inhabitants. It is bordered by Telangana to the north-west, Chhattisgarh to the north, Odisha to the north-east, Tamil Nadu to the south, Karnataka to the west and the Bay of Bengal to the east. It has the second longest coastline in India after Gujarat, of about 974 km (605 mi). Andhra State was the first state to be formed on a linguistic basis in India on 1 October 1953. On 1 November 1956, Andhra State was merged with the Telugu-speaking areas (ten districts) of the Hyderabad State to form United Andhra Pradesh. In 2014, these merged areas of Hyderabad State were bifurcated from United Andhra Pradesh to form the new state Telangana. The present form of Andhra is similar to Andhra state, but some mandalas like Bhadrachalam are still included in Telangana. Amaravati serves as the capital of the state with the largest city being Visakhapatnam. Andhra Pradesh was once a major Buddhist pilgrimage site in the country and a Buddhist learning center which can be seen in many sites in the state in the form of monastery ruins, chaityas, and stupas. It is also known for being the land of Koh-i-Noor and other globally known diamonds from Kollur Mine. It is also a major producer of rice known as the ""Rice bowl of India"". Its official language is Telugu; one of the classical languages of India, the fourth most spoken language in India, and the 13th-most spoken language in the world. Andhra Pradesh's second official language is Urdu.",Telugu is the official language of Andhra Pradesh,information_extraction "What does Cisco specialize in, what technology markets do they address, and what are their most successful products?","Cisco Systems, Inc., commonly known as Cisco, is an American-based multinational digital communications technology conglomerate corporation headquartered in San Jose, California. Cisco develops, manufactures, and sells networking hardware, software, telecommunications equipment and other high-technology services and products. Cisco specializes in specific tech markets, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), domain security, videoconferencing, and energy management with leading products including Webex, OpenDNS, Jabber, Duo Security, and Jasper. Cisco is one of the largest technology companies in the world ranking 74 on the Fortune 100 with over $51 billion in revenue and nearly 80,000 employees.","Cisco develops, manufactures, and sells networking hardware, software, telecommunications equipment and other high-technology services and products. Cisco specializes in specific tech markets, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), domain security, videoconferencing, and energy management with leading products including Webex, OpenDNS, Jabber, Duo Security, and Jasper.",closed_qa When was Super Mario Kart launched?,"The series was launched in 1992 with Super Mario Kart on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, to critical and commercial success. The Mario Kart series totals fourteen games, with six on home consoles, three on handheld consoles, four arcade games co-developed with Namco, and one for mobile phones. The latest game in the series, Mario Kart Live: Home Circuit, was released on the Nintendo Switch in October 2020. Over 164.43 million copies in the series have been sold worldwide.",Super Mario Kart was launched in 1992 on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System,information_extraction "From the passage provided, extract which cinema industries are located in Mumbai","Mumbai is the financial, commercial, and the entertainment capital of India. It is also one of the world's top ten centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow, generating 6.16% of India's GDP, and accounting for 25% of industrial output, 70% of maritime trade in India (Mumbai Port Trust and JNPT), and 70% of capital transactions to India's economy. The city houses important financial institutions and the corporate headquarters of numerous Indian companies and multinational corporations. It is also home to some of India's premier scientific and nuclear institutes. The city is also home to Bollywood and Marathi cinema industries. Mumbai's business opportunities attract migrants from all over India.",Mumbai is home to Bollywood and Marathi cinema industries.,information_extraction Where is Lake Como located?,"Lake Como (Italian: Lago di Como [ˈlaːɡo di ˈkɔːmo], locally [ˈkoːmo]; Western Lombard: Lagh de Còmm [ˈlɑː‿dːe ˈkɔm], Cómm [ˈkom] or Cùmm [ˈkum]), also known as Lario (Italian: [ˈlaːrjo]; after the Latin: Larius Lacus), is a lake of glacial origin in Lombardy, Italy. It has an area of 146 square kilometres (56 sq mi), making it the third-largest lake in Italy, after Lake Garda and Lake Maggiore. At over 400 metres (1,300 ft) deep, it is the fifth deepest lake in Europe, and the deepest outside Norway; the bottom of the lake is more than 200 metres (660 ft) below sea level. Lake Como has been a popular retreat for aristocrats and wealthy people since Roman times, and a very popular tourist attraction with many artistic and cultural gems. It has many villas and palaces such as Villa Olmo, Villa Serbelloni, and Villa Carlotta. Many famous people have had and have homes on the shores of Lake Como. One of its particularities is its ""Y"" shape, which forms the ""Larian Triangle"", with the little town of Canzo as its capital. In 2014, The Huffington Post called it the most beautiful lake in the world for its microclimate and environment with prestigious villas and villages",Lake Como is located in the Lombardy region in Italy.,closed_qa Which fruits are often infused with a sweetener prior to drying?,"Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators. Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating back to the fourth millennium BC in Mesopotamia, and is prized because of its sweet taste, nutritive value and long shelf life. Today, dried fruit consumption is widespread. Nearly half of the dried fruits sold are raisins, followed by dates, prunes, figs, apricots, peaches, apples, and pears. These are referred to as ""conventional"" or ""traditional"" dried fruits: fruits that have been dried in the sun or in heated wind tunnel dryers. Many fruits such as cranberries, blueberries, cherries, strawberries, and mango are infused with a sweetener (e.g. sucrose syrup) prior to drying. Some products sold as dried fruit, like papaya, kiwifruit and pineapple, are most often candied fruit. Dried fruits retain most of the nutritional value of fresh fruits. The specific nutrient content of the different dried fruits reflects their fresh counterpart and the processing method.","Many fruits such as cranberries, blueberries, cherries, strawberries, and mango are infused with a sweetener (e.g. sucrose syrup) prior to drying.",information_extraction What empire was Augustus the leader of?,,Augustus was a leader of the Roman Empire,open_qa Where are the headquarters of FATF,,"FATF has headquarters in Paris, France",open_qa How many strings does a cello have?,"The cello (/ˈtʃɛloʊ/ CHEL-oh), properly violoncello (/ˌvaɪələnˈtʃɛloʊ/ VY-ə-lən-CHEL-oh, Italian pronunciation: [vjolonˈtʃɛllo]), is a bowed (sometimes plucked and occasionally hit) string instrument of the violin family. Its four strings are usually tuned in perfect fifths: from low to high, C2, G2, D3 and A3. The viola's four strings are each an octave higher. Music for the cello is generally written in the bass clef, with tenor clef, and treble clef used for higher-range passages.",A cello has four strings,information_extraction What was Canon EOS DCS 1 resolution?,"The Canon EOS DCS 1 was Kodak's third Canon-based Digital SLR camera (a rebranded Kodak EOS DCS-1). It was released in December 1995, following the cheaper EOS DCS 3, which was released earlier that year. Like that camera, it combined an EOS-1N body with a modified Kodak DCS 460 digital back. Despite offering a then-enormous resolution of 6 megapixels with a relatively large APS-H sensor, a number of technical issues (together with its 3.6 million yen price) meant that it was never a very popular camera other than for a few people with specialized roles. Although the sensor was much larger than the EOS DCS 3, the DCS 1 had a lower fixed sensitivity of ISO 80. The large image size resulted in a burst rate of just over one image per second for two images, followed by an eight-second delay to clear the buffer. A typical contemporary 340MB PCMCIA card or IBM Microdrive could store 53 images. In line with the rest of the Kodak DCS range, the EOS DCS 1 could not produce JPEG files in camera. The EOS DCS 1 was succeeded in 1998 by the EOS D6000 (a rebranded Kodak DCS 560).","The Canon EOS DCS 1 had a resolution of 6 megapixels, which at that time of release was considered to be a breakthrough in technology.",summarization What is Sauvignon blanc?,"Sauvignon blanc is a green-skinned grape variety that originates from the city of Bordeaux in France. The grape most likely gets its name from the French words sauvage (""wild"") and blanc (""white"") due to its early origins as an indigenous grape in South West France. It is possibly a descendant of Savagnin. Sauvignon blanc is planted in many of the world's wine regions, producing a crisp, dry, and refreshing white varietal wine. The grape is also a component of the famous dessert wines from Sauternes and Barsac. Sauvignon blanc is widely cultivated in France, Chile, Romania, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Bulgaria, the states of Oregon, Washington, and California in the US. Some New World Sauvignon blancs, particularly from California, may also be called ""Fumé Blanc"", a marketing term coined by Robert Mondavi in reference to Pouilly-Fumé. Depending on the climate, the flavor can range from aggressively grassy to sweetly tropical. In cooler climates, the grape has a tendency to produce wines with noticeable acidity and ""green flavors"" of grass, green bell peppers and nettles with some tropical fruit (such as passion fruit) and floral (such as elderflower) notes. In warmer climates, it can develop more tropical fruit notes but risks losing much aroma from over-ripeness, leaving only slight grapefruit and tree fruit (such as peach) notes.","Sauvignon blanc is a green-skinned grape variety that originates from the city of Bordeaux in France. Sauvignon blanc is planted in many of the world's wine regions, producing a crisp, dry, and refreshing white varietal wine.",closed_qa What is the main source of electricity generation in France?,"According to the International Energy Agency, France has historically generated a very low level of carbon dioxide emissions compared to other G7 economies due to its reliance on nuclear energy. Energy in France is generated from five primary sources: coal, natural gas, liquid fuels, nuclear power, and renewables. In 2020, nuclear power made up the largest portion of electricity generation, at around 78%. Renewables accounted for 19.1% of energy consumption. France has the largest share of nuclear electricity in the world. The country is also among the world's biggest net exporters of electricity. The country is increasingly investing in renewable energy and has set a target of 32% by 2030.",The electricity production in France is dominated by nuclear power that accounted around 78% of electricity generation in 2020.,information_extraction What year did the Titanic sink?,,The Titanic sank in 1912.,open_qa What fruit is wine produced from?,,Wine is made from grapes,open_qa How many prototypes were made?,"The first prototype was entirely mechanical. Three prototypes were made, and they were improved over one year. In the meantime, sure of having found a solution to the problem of taking 360° photos, Leme applied for a patent registration, a process that went on for some years.",Three prototypes were made and improved over one year.,closed_qa What is the capital city of Croatia?,,Zagreb is the capital city of Croatia,open_qa "Given this paragraph about Jack Kerouac, tell me where he was raised, what was his most famous book, when was that book published, and which movement was he a part of?","Of French-Canadian ancestry, Kerouac was raised in a French-speaking home in Lowell, Massachusetts. He ""learned English at age six and spoke with a marked accent into his late teens."" During World War II, he served in the United States Merchant Marine; he completed his first novel at the time, which was published more than 40 years after his death. His first published book was The Town and the City (1950), and he achieved widespread fame and notoriety with his second, On the Road, in 1957. It made him a beat icon, and he went on to publish 12 more novels and numerous poetry volumes. Kerouac is recognized for his style of spontaneous prose. Thematically, his work covers topics such as his Catholic spirituality, jazz, travel, promiscuity, life in New York City, Buddhism, drugs, and poverty. He became an underground celebrity and, with other Beats, a progenitor of the hippie movement, although he remained antagonistic toward some of its politically radical elements. He has a lasting legacy, greatly influencing many of the cultural icons of the 1960s, including Bob Dylan, the Beatles, Jerry Garcia and the Doors. In 1969, at the age of 47, Kerouac died from an abdominal hemorrhage caused by a lifetime of heavy drinking. Since then, his literary prestige has grown, and several previously unseen works have been published.","Jack Kerouac raised in Lowell, Massachusetts. He most famous book, On the Road, was published in 1957. He was a member of the Beats.",closed_qa What cause did the Suffragettes advance?,,The Suffragettes advocated for the right to vote for women,open_qa How many times has Tiger Woods won the Masters tournament?,,Tiger Woods has won the Masters 5 times.,open_qa From the passage provided extract how many European and worldwide tittles Barcelona has won.,"Domestically, Barcelona has won a record 76 trophies: 26 La Liga, 31 Copa del Rey, fourteen Supercopa de España, three Copa Eva Duarte, and two Copa de la Liga titles, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In international club football, the club has won 22 European and worldwide titles: five UEFA Champions League titles, a record four UEFA Cup Winners' Cups, a joint record five UEFA Super Cups, a record three Inter-Cities Fairs Cups, a joint record two Latin Cups and three FIFA Club World Cups.",Barcelona has won 22 European and worldwide titles,information_extraction What country was Frida Kahlo from and what career was she famous for?,,Frida Kahlo is a well known Mexican artist,open_qa What genre did Taylor Swift begin her career in?,,Taylor Swift began her career as a country artist,open_qa "Based on the provided text, In what year did the National Gallery of Ireland open its doors to the public and what kind of art is it known for?","The National Gallery of Ireland (Irish: Gailearaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann) houses the national collection of Irish and European art. It is located in the centre of Dublin with one entrance on Merrion Square, beside Leinster House, and another on Clare Street. It was founded in 1854 and opened its doors ten years later. The gallery has an extensive, representative collection of Irish paintings and is also notable for its Italian Baroque and Dutch masters painting. The current director is Caroline Campbell.","The National Gallery of Ireland opened in 1864 and is known for its Irish, Italian Baroque, and Dutch masters paintings",closed_qa Is Python a popular programming language?,"Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation via the off-side rule. Python is dynamically typed and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional programming. It is often described as a ""batteries included"" language due to its comprehensive standard library. Guido van Rossum began working on Python in the late 1980s as a successor to the ABC programming language and first released it in 1991 as Python 0.9.0. Python 2.0 was released in 2000. Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a major revision not completely backward-compatible with earlier versions. Python 2.7.18, released in 2020, was the last release of Python 2. Python consistently ranks as one of the most popular programming languages.","Yes Python is a very popular general high level programming language. It is growing rapidly and is widely used in the data science community",information_extraction What family was well known for their power in Renaissance Italy?,,The Medici family was a famously influential presence in Renaissance Italy,open_qa When did King Charles II return to Navarre?,"King Charles II returned to Navarre in November 1361, leaving his wife and son behind in France. When in January 1363 it was her turn to move to Navarre, Queen Joan left Charles in the custody of his aunt Blanche, sister of his father and widow of his maternal great-grandfather King Philip VI of France. Charles was reunited with his mother when she returned to France in December 1365, and the following August Charles set foot in his father's kingdom for the first time.",King Charles II returned to Navarre in November 1361.,closed_qa Eminem's 8 Mile is named after a road in which city?,,Detroit.,open_qa Name the spyware used by Israel to hack Whatsapp?,,Pegasus,open_qa What did Deneen do in her teens?,"In her teens in the 1880s, she taught school for a time in Sac County, Iowa. She studied at the Mount Carroll Seminary (later known as Shimer College), exiting in 1890. Although then as now primarily a liberal arts institution, the school also offered courses in stenography and typewriting. Deneen performed well enough in her studies to be hired as an instructor of these subjects in 1889 and 1890.","In her teens, Deneen taught school in Sac County, Iowa.",closed_qa How many states are there in the United States?,,50,open_qa What are the three biggest cities by population in Spain?,,"The three biggest cities by population in Spain are Madrid, Barcelona, and Valencia.",open_qa From the passage note down the various themes on which Harry Potter series is based upon. List the results in comma separated format.,"Harry Potter is a series of seven fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling. The novels chronicle the lives of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The main story arc concerns Harry's conflict with Lord Voldemort, a dark wizard who intends to become immortal, overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic and subjugate all wizards and Muggles (non-magical people). The series was originally published in English by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom and Scholastic Press in the United States. All versions around the world are printed by Grafica Veneta in Italy. A series of many genres, including fantasy, drama, coming-of-age fiction, and the British school story (which includes elements of mystery, thriller, adventure, horror, and romance), the world of Harry Potter explores numerous themes and includes many cultural meanings and references. According to Rowling, the main theme is death. Other major themes in the series include prejudice, corruption, and madness. Since the release of the first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, on 26 June 1997, the books have found immense popularity, positive reviews, and commercial success worldwide. They have attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers and are widely considered cornerstones of modern literature. As of February 2023, the books have sold more than 600 million copies worldwide, making them the best-selling book series in history, and have been available in 85 languages. The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history, with the final instalment selling roughly 2.7 million copies in the United Kingdom and 8.3 million copies in the United States within twenty-four hours of its release.","death, prejudice, corruption, madness",information_extraction "Which of the following are studio albums created by J. Cole: KOD, The Off-Season, Illmatic, Reasonable Doubt, The Eminem Show, Born Sinner",,"KOD, The Off-Season, Born Sinner",classification Extract all the football competitions mentioned in the passage and present them using bullet points.,"Barcelona is one of three founding members of the top division that have never been relegated from the top division since its inception in 1929, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the UEFA Champions League, and also became the first Spanish football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year, by also winning the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup, and FIFA Club World Cup.","- La Liga - Copa del Rey - UEFA Champions League - Spanish Super Cup - UEFA Super Cup - FIFA Club World Cup",information_extraction Extract from the text the Australian city on which the show Bluey is inspired,"The show follows Bluey, an anthropomorphic six-year-old Blue Heeler puppy who is characterised by her abundance of energy, imagination and curiosity of the world. The young dog lives with her father, Bandit; mother, Chilli; and younger sister, Bingo, who regularly joins Bluey on adventures as the pair embark on imaginative play together. Other characters featured each represent a different dog breed. Overarching themes include the focus on family, growing up and Australian culture. The program was created and is produced in Queensland; the culture and lifestyle of Brisbane inspires the show's setting.",Brisbane,information_extraction "From the passage provided, extract the winter months in Andhra Pradesh. Separate them with a comma.","The climate of Andhra Pradesh varies considerably, depending on the geographical region. Summers last from March to June. In the coastal plain, the summer temperatures are generally higher than the rest of the state, with temperature ranging between 20 and 41 °C (68 and 106 °F). July to September is the season for tropical rains. About one-third of the total rainfall is brought by the northeast monsoon. October and November see low-pressure systems and tropical cyclones form in the Bay of Bengal which, along with the northeast monsoon, bring rains to the southern and coastal regions of the state. November, December, January, and February are the winter months in Andhra Pradesh. Since the state has a long coastal belt the winters are not very cold. The range of winter temperature is generally 12 to 30 °C (54 to 86 °F). Lambasingi in Visakhapatnam district is also nicknamed as the ""Kashmir of Andhra Pradesh"" due to its relatively cool climate as compared to others and the temperature ranges from 0 to 10 °C (32 to 50 °F).","November, December, January, February",information_extraction Extract all the place names from the paragraph. Different places should be separated by comma.,"The Summer Olympic Games (French: Jeux olympiques d'été), also known as the Games of the Olympiad, and often referred to as the Summer Olympics, is a major international multi-sport event normally held once every four years. The inaugural Games took place in 1896 in Athens, Greece, and the most recent Games were held in 2021 in Tokyo, Japan. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is responsible for organising the Games and for overseeing the host city's preparations. The tradition of awarding medals began in 1904; in each Olympic event, gold medals are awarded for first place, silver medals for second place, and bronze medals for third place. The Winter Olympic Games were created out of the success of the Summer Olympic Games, which are regarded as the largest and most prestigious multi-sport international event in the world.","Athens, Greece, Tokyo, Japan",information_extraction What is the smallest state in the USA?,,Rhode Island,open_qa Extract the various manufacturers and suppliers of the Tomahawk missile and separate them by comma,"The Tomahawk (/ˈtɒməhɔːk/) Land Attack Missile (TLAM) is a long-range, all-weather, jet-powered, subsonic cruise missile that is primarily used by the United States Navy and Royal Navy in ship and submarine-based land-attack operations. Under contract from the U.S. Navy, the Tomahawk was designed at the APL/JHU in a project led by James Walker near Laurel, Maryland, and was first manufactured by General Dynamics in the 1970s. It was intended to fill the role of a medium- to long-range, low-altitude missile that could be launched from a naval surface warfare platform, and featured a modular design accommodating a wide variety of warhead, guidance, and range capabilities. At least six variants and multiple upgraded versions of the TLAM have been added since the original design was introduced, including air-, sub-, and ground-launched variants with conventional and nuclear armaments. In 1992–1994, McDonnell Douglas Corporation was the sole supplier of Tomahawk Missiles and produced Block II and Block III Tomahawk missiles and remanufactured many Tomahawks to Block III specifications. In 1994, Hughes outbid McDonnell Douglas Aerospace to become the sole supplier of Tomahawk missiles. By 2019, the only variants in service were non-nuclear, sea-launched variants manufactured by Raytheon. In 2016, the U.S. Department of Defense purchased 149 Tomahawk Block IV missiles for $202.3 million.","General Dynamics, McDonnell Douglas Corporation, Hughes, Raytheon",information_extraction Who wrote the novel Tom Jones in 1749,,Henry Fielding,open_qa Who wrote The History of Mr Polly,,H. G. Wells,open_qa Who introduced primogeniture into East Frisia?,"Johan I of East Frisia (1506–1572) was a member of the house of Cirksena and a non-reigning Count of East Frisia and later imperial governor of Limburg. His father, Edzard the Great, had introduced primogeniture in the county of East Frisia, so that his older brother Enno II of East Frisia inherited the county alone and he had to hold back. Despite his ambitions, he always acknowledged his brother's rights and did not dispute the inheritance.",Edzard the Great,closed_qa What year was the movie Big Trouble in Little China released?,"Big Trouble in Little China (also known as John Carpenter's Big Trouble in Little China) is a 1986 American fantasy action-comedy film directed by John Carpenter, and starring Kurt Russell, Kim Cattrall, Dennis Dun and James Hong. The film tells the story of truck driver Jack Burton (Russell), who helps his friend Wang Chi (Dun) rescue Wang's green-eyed fiancée from bandits in San Francisco's Chinatown. They go into the mysterious underworld beneath Chinatown, where they face an ancient sorcerer named David Lo Pan (Hong), who requires a woman with green eyes to marry him in order to be released from a centuries-old curse.",1986,closed_qa What does the acronym IMET stand for?,"International Military Education and Training (IMET) is the title of a United States security assistance program, a type of student exchange program.",International Military Education and Training,closed_qa Who invented punched cards used in early computing 1880s,,Herman Hollerith,open_qa To which town in the UK did the Ford Motor Company relocate to in 1931?,"In 1931 the Ford Motor Company relocated from Trafford Park in Manchester, to a larger new plant in Dagenham, which was already the location of supplier Briggs Motorway Bodies. A 500-acre (200 ha) riverside site was developed to become Europe's largest car plant, a vast vertically integrated site with its own blast furnaces and power station, importing iron ore and exporting finished vehicles. By the 1950s Ford had taken over Briggs at Dagenham and its other sites at Doncaster, Southampton, Croydon and Romford. At its peak the Dagenham plant had 4,000,000 square feet (370,000 m2) of floor space and employed over 40,000 people, although this number gradually fell during the final three decades of the 20th century as production methods advanced and Ford invested in other European factories as well. Some of Britain's best selling cars, including the Fiesta, Escort, Cortina and Sierra, were produced at the plant over the next 71 years.",Dagenham,closed_qa Extract the systems College Hoops 2K7 was released on. Separate them with a comma.,"College Hoops 2K7 is an American college basketball video game initially released on November 22, 2006 for the Xbox and Xbox 360 and released later for the PlayStation 2 (December 11) and PlayStation 3 (March 14, 2007). It is the 5th installment of the series, which began with NCAA College Basketball 2K3. It features former Duke JJ Redick on the cover. It is produced by 2K Sports. It is the first college basketball game for the PlayStation 3. Redick was a special correspondent to the development of the game and added his signature shot style in motion capture. Every school competing in Division I NCAA College Basketball is included in 2K7, including D-1 transitional independents (such as New Jersey Institute of Technology). The game also features the ability to change and modify rosters. Coaches Roy Williams, Lute Olson, Billy Donovan, John Calipari, Jay Wright, and Sidney Lowe lend their likenesses to the game.[citation needed] There is a preview show with hosts Greg Gumbel and Clark Kellogg.","Xbox, Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3",information_extraction Which is a species of fish? John Dory or Jack Sparrow,,John Dory,classification In what year did Endless Nights come out?,"Endless Nights in Aurora (Chinese: 極光之愛) is a 2014 Taiwanese romantic drama film directed by Lee Szu-yuan. It stars Rainie Yang and Chris Wang. It was released on December 19, 2014. Revolving around the romantic relationship of two generations, Alisha and her mother Xiao-feng, two parallel love stories are re-enacted across two and a half decades. With equally heated passion, the star-crossed lovers in different generations are faithfully attached to their experiences in love through promises, anticipation, losses, and forgiveness.",2014,closed_qa Extract the names of creators of The Needle from the text provided. Separate them with a comma.,"The Needle is a fictional character, a mutant supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Mark Gruenwald, Carmine Infantino, and Al Gordon, the character first appeared in Spider-Woman #9 (December 1978). Creator Mark Gruenwald brought the character back during his run on the West Coast Avengers as a member of the villain team Night Shift, which included other former Spider-Woman foes.","Mark Gruenwald, Carmine Infantino, Al Gordon",information_extraction "Who amongst these are tennis players: Virat Kohli, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, Serena Williams, PV Sindhu, Virender Sehwag, Maria Sharapova, Steffi Graf, Venus Williams.",,"Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, Serena Williams, Maria Sharapova, Steffi Graf, Venus Williams are tennis players.",classification Find the four eye shapes on Maitum anthropomorphic pottery and separate them with a comma,"Since the eyes are believed to be expressive, the eyes portrayed in Maitum jars are given high regard in describing the dead. The eyes are classified to four major shapes: (1) almond, (2) ovaloid, (3) round and (4) rectangular.","almond, ovaloid, round, rectangular",closed_qa Who wrote The Picture of Dorian Grey in 1891,,Oscar Wilde,open_qa Which author created Fu Manchu,,Sax Rohmer,open_qa Which African country was founded by Americans,,Liberia,open_qa "Based on this paragraph, who directed White Rabbit?","White Rabbit is a 2013 American psychological drama film directed by Tim McCann and starring Nick Krause, Sam Trammell and Britt Robertson. Written by Anthony Di Pietro, the film concerns a mentally-ill teen being bullied in high school, whose visions urge him to take revenge. It was produced by Robert Yocum (Burning Sky Films), Shaun Sanghani (SSS Entertainment) and Jacky Lee Morgan. It had its world premiere at the Zurich Film Festival and is being distributed in the United States by Breaking Glass Pictures.",Tim McCann,closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Turbot or Turbo,,Turbot,classification What are the words of House Baratheon?,,"""Ours is the Fury""",open_qa Is SAS a language or a software product?,,SAS is both a programming language and a software product.,classification "Based on this paragraph about Massimo Bray, what language do you think he writes in?","Massimo Bray is an academic publisher and a magazine editor. He was on the editorial board of the Italian Institute of Human Sciences until 1994. He is the cofounder of Notte della Taranta, which is among the most popular music festivals in Europe. He launched a blog on the Italian-language version of the Huffington Post.",Massimo Bray likely writes in Italian.,closed_qa "Given this reference test, what is the daily recommended amount of magnesium for women in the U.S.?","In the UK, the recommended daily values for magnesium are 300 mg for men and 270 mg for women. In the U.S. the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are 400 mg for men ages 19–30 and 420 mg for older; for women 310 mg for ages 19–30 and 320 mg for older.",The daily recommended amount of magnesium for women in the U.S. is 310 mg for ages 19-30 and 320 mg for older.,closed_qa Who was the first lead guitarist of Metallica?,,Dave Mustaine,open_qa "Given the reference text about the Emancipation Proclamation, approximately how many enslaved African Americans were freed?","The Emancipation Proclamation, officially Proclamation 95, was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the Civil War. The Proclamation changed the legal status of more than 3.5 million enslaved African Americans in the secessionist Confederate states from enslaved to free. As soon as slaves escaped the control of their enslavers, either by fleeing to Union lines or through the advance of federal troops, they were permanently free. In addition, the Proclamation allowed for former slaves to ""be received into the armed service of the United States"".",Approximately 3.5 million enslaved African Americans were freed by the Emancipation Proclamation.,closed_qa What is the name of the largest red-light district in Amsterdam?,,The largest red-light district in Amsterdam is De Wallen.,open_qa "Who wrote the book ""The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Families"" ?",,Stephen R. Covey,open_qa "Given this paragraph about National Beer Day in the United States, which president signed National Beer Day into law?","National Beer Day is celebrated in the United States every year on April 7, marking the day that the Cullen–Harrison Act came into force after having been signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 22, 1933. This led to the Eighteenth Amendment being repealed on December 5, 1933, with the ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment. April 6, the day prior to National Beer Day, is known as New Beer's Eve.",Franklin D. Roosevelt.,closed_qa "Extract the title of the game, the name of its developer and the name of the main character and separate them by a comma.","Horizon Zero Dawn is a 2017 action role-playing game developed by Guerrilla Games and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment. It is the first game of the Horizon video game series. The plot follows Aloy, a young hunter in a world overrun by machines, who sets out to uncover her past. The player uses ranged weapons, a spear, and stealth to combat mechanical creatures and other enemy forces. A skill tree provides the player with new abilities and bonuses. The player can explore the open world to discover locations and take on side quests. It is the first game in the Horizon series and was released for the PlayStation 4 in 2017 and Windows in 2020.","Horizon Zero Dawn, Guerrilla Games, Aloy",information_extraction What was Meghan Markle's royal title?,,Meghan Markle's royal title is Duchess of Sussex.,open_qa "In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Baratheon?",,Orys Baratheon,open_qa "Given the following paragraph about politicians, who was the last surviving person to have been a member of the Irish House of Commons?","Sir Thomas Staples, 9th Baronet (31 July 1775 – 14 May 1865) was an Anglo-Irish politician and lawyer. He was the last surviving person to have been a member of the Irish House of Commons, albeit only having been in the House for a short time.","Sir Thomas Staples, 9th Baronet",closed_qa Extract the name of the comedy films that Cage performed in. Separate them with a comma.,"Cage made his acting debut in the 1981 television pilot The Best of Times, which was never picked up by ABC. His film debut followed in 1982, with a minor role as an unnamed co-worker of Judge Reinhold's character in the coming-of-age film Fast Times at Ridgemont High, having originally auditioned for Reinhold's part. His experience on the film was marred by cast members endlessly quoting his uncle's films, which inspired him to change his name. Cage's first starring role came opposite Deborah Foreman in the romantic comedy Valley Girl (1983), in which he played a punk who falls in love with the titular valley girl, a plot loosely inspired by Romeo and Juliet. The film was a modest box office success and has been branded a cult classic. He auditioned for the role of Dallas Winston in his uncle's film The Outsiders, based on S.E. Hinton's novel, but lost to Matt Dillon. Cage, however, would co-star in Coppola's adaptation of another Hinton novel, Rumble Fish, in that year. In 1984, Cage appeared in three period films, none of which fared well at the box office. In the drama, Racing with the Moon (1984), Cage featured opposite Sean Penn as friends who are awaiting deployment to the U.S. Marine Corps. Coppola's crime drama The Cotton Club saw him play a fictionalized version of mob hitman Vincent ""Mad Dog"" Coll, earning praise from critic Paul Attanasio for ""artully his few moments to sketch a brawny, violent thug"". His final release of the year was Alan Parker's drama Birdy, in which he starred with Matthew Modine as two close friends and their trauma inflicted by serving in the Vietnam War. Cage lost weight for the role and had two of his front teeth pulled out to appear disfigured. Despite massively underperforming at the box office, the film, and Cage and Modine's performances, received positive reviews, with The New York Times critic Janet Maslin writing, ""Mr. Cage very sympathetically captures Al's urgency and frustration. Together, these actors work miracles with what might have been unplayable."" In 1986, Cage starred in the little-seen Canadian sports drama The Boy in Blue and his uncle's fantasy comedy Peggy Sue Got Married (1987) as the husband to Kathleen Turner's character, who has travelled back in time to their high school days. He then starred in the Coen brothers' crime comedy Raising Arizona (1987) as a dim-witted ex-con. Cage's biggest breakthrough came in 1987 with the romantic comedy Moonstruck, in which he starred alongside Cher as a hot-tempered baker who falls in love with his estranged brother's widowed fiancé. The film was a hit with critics and audiences alike, earning Cage a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy In his retrospective review, Roger Ebert wrote that he felt Cage's performance was worthy of an Oscar.","Valley Girl, Peggy Sue Got Married, Raising Arizona, Moonstruck",information_extraction "Which of these are Pixar movies? Finding Nemo, Shrek, Avatar, Toy Story, Fast and Furious, Up, Inside Out, Turning Red, Everything Everywhere All at Once, John Wick 4, Ice Age, Madagascar, Incredibles 2",,"Finding Nemo, Toy Story, Up, Inside Out, Turning Red, and Incredibles 2 are Pixar movies.",classification Extract from the paragraph the winner of the 2022 World Snooker Championship.,"The 2022 World Snooker Championship (officially the 2022 Betfred World Snooker Championship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 16 April to 2 May 2022 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England, the 46th consecutive year the World Snooker Championship was held at the venue. The 16th and final ranking event of the 2021–22 snooker season, the tournament was organised by the World Snooker Tour and sponsored by sports betting company Betfred. It was broadcast in the United Kingdom by the BBC, in Europe (including the UK) by Eurosport, and elsewhere in the world by Matchroom Sport and other broadcasters. The total prize fund was £2,395,000, of which the winner received £500,000. Qualifying rounds for the tournament took place from 4 to 13 April 2022 at the English Institute of Sport, featuring 128 professional and invited amateur players. The main stage of the tournament featured 32 players: the top 16 players from the snooker world rankings and another 16 players from the qualifying rounds. Ashley Hugill, Jackson Page, and Hossein Vafaei were debutants at the Crucible, Vafaei being the first Iranian player to reach the main stage. Mark Selby was the defending champion, having won the 2021 final 18–15 against Shaun Murphy. He lost 10–13 to Yan Bingtao in a second-round match that produced the longest frame ever played at the Crucible, lasting 85 minutes. Ronnie O'Sullivan equalled Steve Davis's record of 30 Crucible appearances. He reached a record 20th quarter-final and a record 13th semi-final before defeating Judd Trump 18–13 in the final to equal Stephen Hendry's record of seven world titles. It was O'Sullivan's 39th ranking title and 21st Triple Crown title. Aged 46 years and 148 days, he became the oldest world champion in the sport's history, surpassing Ray Reardon, who was aged 45 years and 203 days when he won his last world title in 1978. O'Sullivan also broke Hendry's record of 70 wins at the Crucible, setting a new record of 74. Neil Robertson made a maximum break in his second-round match against Jack Lisowski, the fifth of his career and the 12th time a 147 had been achieved at the Crucible. Graeme Dott also made a maximum break in his third-round qualifying match against Pang Junxu, the second of his career and the fifth time that a maximum had been made in the World Championship qualifiers. The main stage produced a record 109 century breaks, surpassing the 108 centuries made the preceding year. Mark Williams made 16 centuries during the event, equalling the record set by Hendry in 2002.",Ronnie O'Sullivan,information_extraction Which is a species of fish? Haddock or Polar,,Haddock,classification In what year did George Washington die and how old was he?,"Washington's death came more swiftly than expected. On his deathbed, out of fear of being entombed alive, he instructed his private secretary Tobias Lear to wait three days before his burial. According to Lear, Washington died between 10 p.m. and 11 p.m. on December 14, 1799, with Martha seated at the foot of his bed. His last words were ""'Tis well"", from his conversation with Lear about his burial. He was 67.",George Washington died in the year 1799 at the age of 67.,closed_qa In what city was the first season of MTV's The Real World filmed?,,The first season of MTV's The Real World was filmed in New York.,open_qa "Given the following paragraph, what university has evidence of teaching as early as 1096?","The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation. It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two English ancient universities share many common features and are jointly referred to as Oxbridge.",The University of Oxford,closed_qa "Based on this questio about Kingdom Hearts, what company published it?","Kingdom Hearts is a fantasy action role-playing game franchise created by Japanese game designers Tetsuya Nomura and Shinji Hashimoto, being developed and published by Square Enix (originally by Square). It is a collaboration between Square Enix and The Walt Disney Company and is under the leadership of Nomura, a longtime Square Enix employee.",Square Enix,closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Prickleback or Prickle,,Prickleback,classification Which is a species of fish? American sole or American dream,,American sole,classification Which sub-Saharan colony was the first to gain independence?,"Imperial rule by Europeans would continue until after the conclusion of World War II, when almost all remaining colonial territories gradually obtained formal independence. Independence movements in Africa gained momentum following World War II, which left the major European powers weakened. In 1951, Libya, a former Italian colony, gained independence. In 1956, Tunisia and Morocco won their independence from France. Ghana followed suit the next year (March 1957), becoming the first of the sub-Saharan colonies to be granted independence. Most of the rest of the continent became independent over the next decade.",Ghana was the first sub-Saharan colony to gain independence.,closed_qa Which German word means lightning war used in WW2,,Blitzkrieg,open_qa "Given a reference text about Naul, tell me what country it's in and what river passes through it.","Naul (Irish: An Aill, meaning 'The Cliff', also known as ""The Naul""), is a village, townland, and civil parish at the northern edge of Fingal and the traditional County Dublin in Ireland. The Delvin River to the north of the village marks the county boundary with County Meath. Naul civil parish is in the historic barony of Balrothery West. Location and geography The village sits on the crossroad of the R122 and R108 regional roads, the latter being the traditional route between Dublin and the port of Drogheda, while the R122 travels from Finglas in the south to Balbriggan.: 2  The River Delvin passes through Naul at the north, through a deep valley known as 'The Roche' which is hemmed in by steep banks and rocky cliffs which rise to 20 metres at one point. In the valley, there is a natural waterfall known as 'Waterfall of The Roches'. Further downstream the river has been dammed, forming an artificial pond and cascade with a small private hydroelectric plant.: 2  Naul village and the surrounding townlands which comprise the area of Naul, sit on the Northern border of County Dublin and Fingal. However, the area locally known as Naul also extends north of the county border into county Meath. The area of north county Dublin comprises 2,627 acres and includes 15 townlands: Naul (An Aill), Hazardstown (Baile an Hasardaigh), Reynoldstown (Baile Raghnaill), Coolfores (An Chúil Fhuar), Doolagh (Dúlach), Fortyacres (Daichead Acra), Winnings (Uininn), Hynestown (Baile Héin), Cabin Hill (Cnoc an Chábáin), Flacketstown (Baile Fhlaicéid), Lecklinstown (Baile Leithghlinne) and Westown (An Baile Thiar).",Naul is located in Ireland and the River Delvin passes through it.,closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Soldierfish or Soldier Boy,,Soldierfish,classification "Given this paragraph about a country, what is the most populous Spanish-speaking country?","Throughout the 19th century, the population of Mexico had barely doubled. This trend continued during the first two decades of the 20th century. The 1921 census reported a loss of about 1 million inhabitants. The Mexican Revolution (c. 1910–1920) greatly impacted population increases. The growth rate increased dramatically between the 1930s and the 1980s, when the country registered growth rates of over 3% (1950–1980). The Mexican population doubled in twenty years, and at that rate it was expected that by 2000 there would be 120 million people living in Mexico. Life expectancy increased from 36 years (in 1895) to 72 years (in the year 2000). According to estimations made by Mexico's National Geography and Statistics Institute, is estimated in 2022 to be 129,150,971 as of 2017 Mexico had 123.5 million inhabitants making it the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world.",Mexico,closed_qa "Given this paragraph about magnesium, how is magnesium obtained?","Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray metal having a low density, low melting point and high chemical reactivity. Like the other alkaline earth metals (group 2 of the periodic table) it occurs naturally only in combination with other elements and it almost always has an oxidation state of +2. It reacts readily with air to form a thin passivation coating of magnesium oxide that inhibits further corrosion of the metal. The free metal burns with a brilliant-white light. The metal is obtained mainly by electrolysis of magnesium salts obtained from brine. It is less dense than aluminium and is used primarily as a component in strong and lightweight alloys that contain aluminium.",Magnesium is mainly obtained by electrolysis of magnesium salts obtained from brine.,closed_qa Who wrote Jane Eyre?,"Swarcliffe Hall is a large hall that was constructed in 1800 in Birstwith, near Harrogate, England. The current house was built by John Greenwood in 1850, who engaged Major Rohde Hawkins as his architect, and is a Grade II listed building. The original Swarcliffe Hall was built on the site c1800 by the Blessard family, however the current hall which was built by the Greenwood family was completed in 1850. Charlotte Brontë was employed as a governess at the hall in 1839 and it is said her time spent there helped inspire her novel Jane Eyre. Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale visited the hall in 1888 and again during the following year whilst opening the New Bath Hospital in nearby Harrogate.",Charlotte Brontë,closed_qa Which company designed SoundBridge?,"SoundBridge is a hardware device from Roku, Inc. designed to play internet radio or digital audio streamed across a home network, over either Wi-Fi or ethernet. SoundBridge devices directly browsed the Radio Roku guide. As of 2008 all Roku SoundBridge products were discontinued; Roku focused on IPTV. As of January 2012, the SoundBridge was no longer available from Roku. As of May 2018, internet radio functionality was no longer supported by Roku. The music is made available by a streaming server, usually a PC running media software. The SoundBridge had a high resolution vacuum fluorescent display and was compatible with various media servers, namely servers using Apple Computer's Digital Audio Access Protocol; popular servers are iTunes, or mt-daapd, Windows Media Connect, Rhapsody, SlimServer and UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) compatible servers such as TwonkyVision. Some of these servers run not only on PCs, but also on NAS devices like the Linksys NSLU2, so a SoundBridge could be operated without a PC.","The company that designed SoundBridge is Roku, Inc.",summarization Extract who developed Age of Empires 2 and the year it was released from the following text and separate them with a comma,"Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings is a real-time strategy video game developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft. Released in 1999 for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh, it is the second game in the Age of Empires series. The Age of Kings is set in the Middle Ages and contains thirteen playable civilizations. Players aim to gather resources, which they use to build towns, create armies, and defeat their enemies. There are five historically based campaigns, which conscript the player to specialized and story-backed conditions, as well as three additional single-player game modes; multiplayer is also supported.","Ensemble Studios, 1999",information_extraction Who starred as Rocky Balboa,,Sylvester Stallone,open_qa Which is a species of fish? Tarp or Carp,,Carp,classification Where is the Mall of America located?,,"The Mall of America is located in Bloomington, Minnesota, USA.",open_qa Which is a species of fish? Plaice or Place,,Plaice,classification Which is a species of fish? Barracuda or Barracks,,Barracuda,classification Which is a species of fish? Lizard or Lizardfish,,Lizardfish,classification Which is a species of fish? Blowfish or Toucan,,Blowfish,classification "Based on this paragraph about the Final Fantasy series, who created it?","Final Fantasy is a Japanese science fantasy anthology media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi and developed and owned by Square Enix (formerly Square). The franchise centers on a series of fantasy and science fantasy role-playing video games. The first game in the series was released in 1987, with 15 numbered main entries having been released to date.",Hironobu Sakaguchi,closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Trout or Bear,,Trout,classification Who wrote the music and lyrics for Replay?,"""Tomorrow"" is a show tune from the musical Annie, with music by Charles Strouse and lyrics by Martin Charnin, published in 1977. The number was originally written as ""Replay"" (The Way We Live Now) for the 1970 short film Replay, with both music and lyrics by Strouse. In 1972 Strouse, and Thomas Meehan began working on a musical based on the Little Orphan Annie comic strips, Annie. Strouse contributed a reworked version of ""Replay"" as ""Tomorrow"". ""Annie"" took until 1976 to reach Broadway and during that time Strouse reworked ""Replay"" again for possible use in what became ""Charlie and Algernon"", a musical version of Daniel Keyes's Flowers for Algernon with book by playwright David Rogers although it was not ultimately used. """,Charles Strouse,closed_qa Extract the text the name of the architect who designed the Josephine Shaw Lowell Memorial Fountain,"The Josephine Shaw Lowell Memorial Fountain is an outdoor fountain in Bryant Park, Manhattan, New York memorializing Josephine Shaw Lowell, a social worker active in the late 19th century. The fountain was designed by architect Charles A. Platt and dedicated in 1912.",Charles A. Platt,information_extraction What is the largest state by land size in the United States of America?,,The largest state by land size in the United States of America is Alaska.,open_qa "Find the bird in this list: Avocado, Avocet, Avian",,Avocet,classification "Identify the bird from the list: Elder, Eider, Either",,Eider,classification Which is a species of fish? Shaver or Razorfish,,Razorfish,classification "Identify the bird from the list: Canada Dry, Canada goose, Goosebumps",,Canada goose,classification Who adopted Superman as per the passage?,"Superman was born on the fictional planet Krypton and was named Kal-El. When he was a baby, his parents sent him to Earth in a small spaceship moments before Krypton was destroyed in a natural cataclysm. His ship landed in the American countryside, near the fictional town of Smallville. He was found and adopted by farmers Jonathan and Martha Kent, who named him Clark Kent. Clark developed various superhuman abilities, such as incredible strength and impervious skin. His adoptive parents advised him to use his abilities for the benefit of humanity, and he decided to fight crime. To protect his personal life, he changes into a colorful costume and uses the alias ""Superman"" when fighting crime. Clark resides in the fictional American city of Metropolis, where he works as a journalist for the Daily Planet. Superman's supporting characters include his love interest and fellow journalist Lois Lane, Daily Planet photographer Jimmy Olsen and editor-in-chief Perry White, and enemies such as Brainiac, General Zod, and his archenemy Lex Luthor.",Jonathan and Martha Kent,information_extraction "Given these paragraphs about Large language models, when was the first model in OpenAI's GPT series trained?","A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks. Properties Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design. Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to ""memorize"" a great quantity of facts during training. Hallucinations Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence) In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a ""hallucination"" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data. Emergent abilities On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities. Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called ""emergent abilities"". Researchers note that such abilities ""cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models"". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs. Architecture and training Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or ""filling in the blanks"", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus. The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens. LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million. A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters). Application to downstream tasks Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via ""prompting"" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions. Fine-tuning Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning) Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be ""frozen"", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen). Prompting See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing) In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In ""few-shot prompting"", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows: Review: This movie stinks. Sentiment: negative Review: This movie is fantastic! Sentiment: If the model outputs ""positive"", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be ""The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is"". Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering. Instruction tuning Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt ""Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet."" might provide a completion such as ""A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17."" In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, ""self-instruct"", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model",2018.,closed_qa From the passage identify the spin-off games release in the universe of Clash of Clans. Display the results in a comma separated format.,"Clash of Clans is a 2012 free-to-play mobile strategy video game developed and published by Finnish game developer Supercell. The game was released for iOS platforms on August 2, 2012, and on Google Play for Android on October 7, 2013. The game is set in a fantasy-themed persistent world where the player is a chief of a village. Clash of Clans tasks players to build their own village using the resources gained from attacking other player's villages with troops; earning rewards, buying them with medals or by producing them at their own village. The main resources are gold, elixir and dark elixir. Players can conjoin to create clans, groups of up to fifty people, who can then participate in Clan Wars together, donate and receive troops, and chat with each other. The minimum number of players of a Clan War is thirty. Clash of Clans was released to generally positive reviews from critics. Four spin-off games in the same universe of Clash of Clans were developed by Supercell. The first, Clash Royale, was released in 2016. The other three, Clash Quest, Clash Mini, and Clash Heroes, were announced in April 2021. Clash Quest development was discontinued on 17 August 2022.[9","Clash Royale, Clash Quest, Clash Mini, Clash Heroes",information_extraction "From the passage provided, list the major APIs in Kafka. Separate them with a comma.","Kafka stores key-value messages that come from arbitrarily many processes called producers. The data can be partitioned into different ""partitions"" within different ""topics"". Within a partition, messages are strictly ordered by their offsets (the position of a message within a partition), and indexed and stored together with a timestamp. Other processes called ""consumers"" can read messages from partitions. For stream processing, Kafka offers the Streams API that allows writing Java applications that consume data from Kafka and write results back to Kafka. Apache Kafka also works with external stream processing systems such as Apache Apex, Apache Beam, Apache Flink, Apache Spark, Apache Storm, and Apache NiFi. Kafka runs on a cluster of one or more servers (called brokers), and the partitions of all topics are distributed across the cluster nodes. Additionally, partitions are replicated to multiple brokers. This architecture allows Kafka to deliver massive streams of messages in a fault-tolerant fashion and has allowed it to replace some of the conventional messaging systems like Java Message Service (JMS), Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP), etc. Since the 0.11.0.0 release, Kafka offers transactional writes, which provide exactly-once stream processing using the Streams API. Kafka supports two types of topics: Regular and compacted. Regular topics can be configured with a retention time or a space bound. If there are records that are older than the specified retention time or if the space bound is exceeded for a partition, Kafka is allowed to delete old data to free storage space. By default, topics are configured with a retention time of 7 days, but it's also possible to store data indefinitely. For compacted topics, records don't expire based on time or space bounds. Instead, Kafka treats later messages as updates to older message with the same key and guarantees never to delete the latest message per key. Users can delete messages entirely by writing a so-called tombstone message with null-value for a specific key. There are five major APIs in Kafka: Producer API – Permits an application to publish streams of records. Consumer API – Permits an application to subscribe to topics and processes streams of records. Connector API – Executes the reusable producer and consumer APIs that can link the topics to the existing applications. Streams API – This API converts the input streams to output and produces the result. Admin API – Used to manage Kafka topics, brokers, and other Kafka objects. The consumer and producer APIs are decoupled from the core functionality of Kafka through an underlying messaging protocol. This allows writing compatible API layers in any programming language that are as efficient as the Java APIs bundled with Kafka. The Apache Kafka project maintains a list of such third party APIs.","Producer API, Consumer API, Connector API, Streams API, Admin API",information_extraction "Given these paragraphs about Large language models, how many words did the BookCorpus have when it was used to train the first model in OpenAI's GPT series trained in 2018?","A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks. Properties Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design. Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to ""memorize"" a great quantity of facts during training. Hallucinations Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence) In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a ""hallucination"" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data. Emergent abilities On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities. Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called ""emergent abilities"". Researchers note that such abilities ""cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models"". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs. Architecture and training Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or ""filling in the blanks"", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus. The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens. LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million. A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters). Application to downstream tasks Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via ""prompting"" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions. Fine-tuning Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning) Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be ""frozen"", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen). Prompting See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing) In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In ""few-shot prompting"", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows: Review: This movie stinks. Sentiment: negative Review: This movie is fantastic! Sentiment: If the model outputs ""positive"", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be ""The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is"". Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering. Instruction tuning Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt ""Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet."" might provide a completion such as ""A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17."" In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, ""self-instruct"", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model",985 million words.,closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Lemon shark or Lemon,,Lemon shark,classification What is the scientific name for a jaguar?,,Panthera onca,open_qa Which year was quantum computer demonstrated to be possible?,"Over the years, experimentalists have constructed small-scale quantum computers using trapped ions and superconductors. In 1998, a two-qubit quantum computer demonstrated the feasibility of the technology, and subsequent experiments have increased the number of qubits and reduced error rates. In 2019, Google AI and NASA announced that they had achieved quantum supremacy with a 54-qubit machine, performing a computation that is impossible for any classical computer. However, the validity of this claim is still being actively researched.",1998,closed_qa From the passage note down the various video categories on YouTube. List the results in comma separated format.,"YouTube is an American global online video sharing and social media platform headquartered in San Bruno, California, United States. It was launched on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. It is owned by Google and is the second most visited website, after Google Search. YouTube has more than 2.5 billion monthly users, who collectively watch more than one billion hours of videos each day. As of May 2019, videos were being uploaded at a rate of more than 500 hours of content per minute.In October 2006, YouTube was bought by Google for $1.65 billion. Google's ownership of YouTube expanded the site's business model, expanding from generating revenue from advertisements alone to offering paid content such as movies and exclusive content produced by YouTube. It also offers YouTube Premium, a paid subscription option for watching content without ads. YouTube also approved creators to participate in Google's AdSense program, which seeks to generate more revenue for both parties. YouTube reported revenue of $29.2 billion in 2022. In 2021, YouTube's annual advertising revenue increased to $28.8 billion, an increase in revenue of 9 billion from the previous year.Since its purchase by Google, YouTube has expanded beyond the core website into mobile apps, network television, and the ability to link with other platforms. Video categories on YouTube include music videos, video clips, news, short films, feature films, songs, documentaries, movie trailers, teasers, live streams, vlogs, and more. Most content is generated by individuals, including collaborations between YouTubers and corporate sponsors. Established media corporations such as Disney, Paramount, NBCUniversal, and Warner Bros. Discovery have also created and expanded their corporate YouTube channels to advertise to a larger audience.YouTube has had unprecedented social impact, influencing popular culture, internet trends, and creating multimillionaire celebrities. Despite all its growth and success, YouTube has been widely criticized. Criticism of YouTube includes the website being used to facilitate the spread of misinformation, copyright issues, routine violations of its users' privacy, enabling censorship, their guidelines and how they are implemented, and endangering child safety and wellbeing.","music videos, video clips, news, short films, feature films, songs, documentaries, movie trailers, teasers, live streams, vlogs",information_extraction Which two U.S. states don’t observe Daylight Saving Time?,,Arizona and Hawaii.,open_qa "Based on this text, please list the members of the band Phish, separated by commas.","Anastasio is a founding member of the rock band Phish, serving as lead guitarist and vocalist since their inception. Phish is noted for their musical improvisation, extended jams, exploration of a broad range of genres, and original live performances. Formed at the University of Vermont in 1983 (with the current line up solidifying in 1985), the band includes bassist and vocalist Mike Gordon; percussionist, vacuum player, and vocalist Jon Fishman; and keyboardist and vocalist Page McConnell. Phish performed together for over 20 years, releasing 10 studio albums, disbanding in August 2004. They reunited in March 2009 for a corresponding tour, released a reunion album Joy and have since resumed performing regularly.","Anastasio, Mike Gordon, Jon Fishman, Page McConnell",information_extraction "Given a reference text about Connie Passalacqua Hayman, tell me when and where taught journalism.","Connie Passalacqua Hayman is an American journalist and educator. Passalacqua Hayman has written on a number of topics, but is noted for her reporting and critical analysis of daytime soap operas. Career Passalacqua Hayman started her soap journalism career in 1980 as an assistant to newspaper columnist Jon-Michael Reed, ""the first soap journalist to review soaps as theater and edit soap magazines for intelligent readers."" She has since written about the daytime industry for various publications and news organizations, including Newsday, United Features Syndicate, The New York Times, Variety, the New York Daily News, TV Guide and USA Today. She was the editor of Afternoon TV magazine from 1980 to 1983, an editor for Soap Opera World and a contributor for Soap Opera Digest, Soap Opera People and others. Between 1995 and 2001, Passalacqua Hayman was an adjunct professor of journalism at New York University, and in 2001 she left writing full-time to earn a master's degree in education at NYU. She taught journalism at Marymount Manhattan College as an adjunct professor in the Communications Department from 2007 to 2014.",Connie Passalacqua Hayman taught journalism at New York University from 1995 to 2001 and at Marymount Manhattan College from 2007 to 2014.,closed_qa "Which one of these is a country: Banana, Chicken, Pine tree, or Japan?",,Japan,classification Which is a species of fish? Snapper or Tapper,,Snapper,classification "From the passage provided, extract list of language drivers for Cassandra. Separate them with a comma.","Cassandra introduced the Cassandra Query Language (CQL). CQL is a simple interface for accessing Cassandra, as an alternative to the traditional Structured Query Language (SQL). CQL adds an abstraction layer that hides implementation details of this structure and provides native syntaxes for collections and other common encodings. Language drivers are available for Java (JDBC), Python (DBAPI2), Node.JS (Datastax), Go (gocql) and C++. The keyspace in Cassandra is a namespace that defines data replication across nodes. Therefore, replication is defined at the keyspace level. Below an example of keyspace creation, including a column family in CQL 3.0:","Java (JDBC), Python (DBAPI2), Node.JS (Datastax), Go (gocql), C++",information_extraction "Given a reference text about the 2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing, how many people were injured and killed?","2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing On 21 April 2022, a powerful bomb rocked the Shia Seh Dokan mosque in Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh Province, Afghanistan killing at least 31 people and injuring more than 87 others. The Islamic State – Khorasan Province claimed responsibility via Telegram. Worshippers were performing the Zuhr prayer inside the mosque when the bomb exploded. Authorities counted 31 dead and at least 87 injured, six of whom were wounded critically. The bombing was part of a series of attacks on the same day, including two explosions targeting Taliban officers in Kunduz and Khogyani District and a bombing that injured two Shia children in Kabul.",At least 31 people were killed and more than 87 others were injured in the 2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing.,closed_qa "What band sings the song ""My Own Worst Enemy""?","a song by the American rock band Lit. It was commercially released in June 1999 as the lead single from Lit's second album, A Place in the Sun, which was also released that year. The song was only moderately successful at first, reaching number 17 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart on February 27, 1999. It later achieved mainstream success, peaking at number 51 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and number one on the Modern Rock Tracks (also known as Alternative Songs) chart.",Lit,closed_qa "Who designed the St. John the Baptist, Blackrock church?","St. John the Baptist, Blackrock is a Roman Catholic church in the parish of Blackrock, Ireland. The church is still in use and named after the Saint John the Baptist. It is located on Temple Road, Blackrock, County Dublin. The church was designed by the architect Patrick Byrne, who was educated at the Dublin Society Schools. It is one of the finest examples of the Gothic revival style in Ireland and was the first to be built in the Dublin Archdiocese. It is said to be inspired by the ideas of Augustus Welby Pugin (1812-1852). The initial building consisted of the nave, chancel and bell tower. To the rear of the church, two carved heads can be seen up high on either side of the rose window. The head on the left depicts St. John the Baptist, while the head on the right depicts the Archbishop Daniel Murray.",Patrick Byrne,closed_qa Extract the teams that Ayrton Senna raced during his Formula One career. Separate them with a comma.,"Senna began his motorsport career in karting, moved up to open-wheel racing in 1981 and won the 1983 British Formula Three Championship. He made his Formula One debut with Toleman-Hart in 1984, before moving to Lotus-Renault the following year and winning six Grands Prix over the next three seasons. In 1988, he joined Frenchman Alain Prost at McLaren-Honda. Between them, they won all but one of the 16 Grands Prix that year, and Senna claimed his first World Championship. Prost claimed the championship in 1989, and Senna his second and third championships in 1990 and 1991. In 1992, the Williams-Renault combination began to dominate Formula One. Senna nonetheless managed to finish the 1993 season as runner-up, winning five races and negotiating a move to Williams in 1994.","Toleman-Hart, Lotus-Renault, McLaren-Honda, Williams",information_extraction Which African country was formerly known as Abyssinia?,,Ethiopia,open_qa Extract all of the names of people in the below text separated by commas and ordered in alphabetical order by first name,"In addition to being well known for articles about scenery, history, and the most distant corners of the world, the magazine has been recognized for its book-like quality and its standard of photography. It was during the tenure of Society President Alexander Graham Bell and editor Gilbert H. Grosvenor (GHG) that the significance of illustration was first emphasized, in spite of criticism from some of the Board of Managers who considered the many illustrations an indicator of an “unscientific” conception of geography. By 1910, photographs had become the magazine's trademark and Grosvenor was constantly on the search for ""dynamical pictures"" as Graham Bell called them, particularly those that provided a sense of motion in a still image. In 1915, GHG began building the group of staff photographers and providing them with advanced tools including the latest darkroom.The magazine began to feature some pages of color photography in the early 1930s, when this technology was still in its early development. During the mid-1930s, Luis Marden (1913–2003), a writer and photographer for National Geographic, convinced the magazine to allow its photographers to use the so-called ""miniature"" 35 mm Leica cameras loaded with Kodachrome film over bulkier cameras with heavy glass plates that required the use of tripods.In 1959, the magazine started publishing small photographs on its covers, later becoming larger photographs. National Geographic photography quickly shifted to digital photography for both its printed magazine and its website. In subsequent years, the cover, while keeping its yellow border, shed its oak leaf trim and bare table of contents, to allow for a full page photograph taken for one of the month's articles. Issues of National Geographic are often kept by subscribers for years and re-sold at thrift stores as collectibles. The standard for photography has remained high over the subsequent decades and the magazine is still illustrated with some of the highest-quality photojournalism in the world. In 2006, National Geographic began an international photography competition, with over eighteen countries participating.","Alexander Graham Bell, Gilbert H. Grosvenor, Luis Marden",information_extraction "Given a reference text about James Henry Richards, tell me what sport he played, where he was born and where he died.","James Henry Richards (3 January 1855 – 24 August 1923) was an English cricketer. Richards' batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Brixton, Surrey. Richards made two first-class appearances for Surrey in 1881, against Middlesex at Lord's, and Lancashire at Old Trafford. In his first match, Surrey won the toss and elected to bat first, making 157 all out, with Richards scoring a single run before he was dismissed by Augustus Ford. Middlesex responded in their first-innings by making 192 all out, with Richards taking the wickets of A. J. Webbe and Isaac Walker to finish with figures of 2/40 from 28 overs. Surrey then made just 79 all out in their second-innings, with Richards being dismissed by James Robertson for a duck. This left Middlesex requiring just 45 for victory, which they reached without losing any wickets. In his second match, Lancashire won the toss and elected to bat first, making 324 all out, with Richards bowling fourteen wicketless overs. Surrey responded in their first-innings by making just 69 all out, with Richards being dismissed for 8 runs by Alexander Watson. Forced to follow-on in their second-innings, Surrey were dismissed for 130, with Richards dismissed for a duck by Dick Barlow. Lancashire won the match by an innings and 125 runs. He died at Tulse Hill, London, on 24 August 1923.","James Henry Richards played cricket. He was born in Brixton, Surrey and died in Tulse Hill, London.",closed_qa What are some languages that feature hygienic macros?,"Hygienic macros are macros whose expansion is guaranteed not to cause the accidental capture of identifiers. They are a feature of programming languages such as Scheme, Dylan, Rust, Nim, and Julia. The general problem of accidental capture was well known within the Lisp community prior to the introduction of hygienic macros. Macro writers would use language features that would generate unique identifiers (e.g., gensym) or use obfuscated identifiers in order to avoid the problem. Hygienic macros are a programmatic solution to the capture problem that is integrated into the macro expander itself. The term ""hygiene"" was coined in Kohlbecker et al.'s 1986 paper that introduced hygienic macro expansion, inspired by the terminology used in mathematics.","Some languages that feature hygienic macros include Scheme, Dylan, Rust, Nim, and Julia.",information_extraction "From the passage provided, extract the company that all original presto developers joined in 2020","Presto was originally designed and developed at Facebook, Inc. (later renamed Meta) for their data analysts to run interactive queries on its large data warehouse in Apache Hadoop. The first four developers were Martin Traverso, Dain Sundstrom, David Phillips, and Eric Hwang. Before Presto, the data analysts at Facebook relied on Apache Hive for running SQL analytics on their multi-petabyte data warehouse. Hive was deemed too slow for Facebook's scale and Presto was invented to fill the gap to run fast queries. Original development started in 2012 and deployed at Facebook later that year. In November 2013, Facebook announced its open source release. In 2014, Netflix disclosed they used Presto on 10 petabytes of data stored in the Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3). In November, 2016, Amazon announced a service called Athena that was based on Presto. In 2017, Teradata spun out a company called Starburst Data to commercially support Presto, which included staff acquired from Hadapt in 2014. Teradata's QueryGrid software allowed Presto to access a Teradata relational database. In January 2019, the Presto Software Foundation was announced. The foundation is a not-for-profit organization for the advancement of the Presto open source distributed SQL query engine. At the same time, Presto development forked: PrestoDB maintained by Facebook, and PrestoSQL maintained by the Presto Software Foundation, with some cross pollination of code. In September 2019, Facebook donated PrestoDB to the Linux Foundation, establishing the Presto Foundation. Neither the creators of Presto, nor the top contributors and committers, were invited to join this foundation. By 2020, all four of the original Presto developers had joined Starburst. In December 2020, PrestoSQL was rebranded as Trino, since Facebook had obtained a trademark on the name ""Presto"" (also donated to the Linux Foundation). Another company called Ahana was announced in 2020, with seed funding from GV (formerly Google Ventures, an arm of Alphabet, Inc.), to commercialize the PrestoDB fork as a cloud service, while also offering an open-source version. A $20 million round of funding for Ahana was announced in August 202",Starburst,information_extraction Which is a species of fish? Swordtail or Excalibur,,Swordtail,classification "Given this reference paragrah, who directed ""The Man in the Saddle?""",The Man in the Saddle (German: Der Mann im Sattel) is a 1945 German film directed by and starring Harry Piel.,Harry Piel,closed_qa From the passage list down the areas for which Dar es Salaam is Tanzania's most prominent city. List the results in comma separated format.,"Dar es Salaam (/ˌdɑːr ɛs səˈlɑːm/; from Arabic: دَار السَّلَام, romanized: Dâr es-Selâm, lit. 'Abode of Peace') or commonly known as Dar, is the largest city and financial hub of Tanzania. It is also the capital of Dar es Salaam Region. With a population of over six million people, Dar is the largest city in East Africa and the seventh-largest in Africa. Located on the Swahili coast, Dar es Salaam is an important economic centre and is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world. The town was founded by Majid bin Said, the first Sultan of Zanzibar, in 1865 or 1866. It was the main administrative and commercial center of German East Africa, Tanganyika, and Tanzania. The decision was made in 1974 to move the capital to Dodoma and was officially completed in 1996. Dar es Salaam is Tanzania's most prominent city for arts, fashion, media, film, television, and finance. It is the capital of the co-extensive Dar es Salaam Region, one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions, and consists of five districts: Kinondoni in the north; Ilala in the centre; Ubungo and Temeke in the south; and Kigamboni in the east across the Kurasini estuary.","arts, fashion, media, film, television, finance",information_extraction Which is the most sparsely populates nation?,"Mongolia (/mɒŋˈɡoʊliə/ (listen)) is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometres (603,909 square miles), with a population of just 3.3 million, making it the world's most sparsely populated sovereign nation. Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea, and much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to roughly half of the country's population.",Mongolia,closed_qa "Given a reference text about the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards, how is the position appointed?","The Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards is an officer of the British House of Commons. The work of the officer is overseen by the Commons Select Committee on Standards. The current commissioner is Daniel Greenberg. Duties The commissioner is in charge of regulating MPs' conduct and propriety. One of the commissioner's main tasks is overseeing the Register of Members' Financial Interests, which is intended to ensure disclosure of financial interests that may be of relevance to MPs' work. The Commissioner is the decision-maker in cases from the Independent Complaints and Grievance Scheme where the respondent is a Member of Parliament. If the Commissioner deems a sanction warranted, they refer cases to the Independent Expert Panel so the appropriate sanction can be determined. The Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards is appointed by a resolution of the House of Commons for a fixed term of five years and is an independent officer of the House, working a four-day week. The remit of the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards does not extend to the House of Lords: the post of Lords Commissioner for Standards was created in 2010.",The Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards is appointed by a resolution of the House of Commons for a fixed term of five years.,closed_qa How many cents do I have if I have 3 quarters?,,"If you have 3 quarters, you have 75 cents.",open_qa Who wrote Les Miserable,,Victor Hugo,open_qa "Given this paragraph about heart, for how many deaths (in %) as of 2008 do cardiovascular diseases account for?","Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death globally as of 2008, accounting for 30% of deaths. Of these more than three-quarters are a result of coronary artery disease and stroke. Risk factors include: smoking, being overweight, little exercise, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and poorly controlled diabetes, among others. Cardiovascular diseases do not frequently have symptoms but may cause chest pain or shortness of breath. Diagnosis of heart disease is often done by the taking of a medical history, listening to the heart-sounds with a stethoscope, ECG, echocardiogram, and ultrasound. Specialists who focus on diseases of the heart are called cardiologists, although many specialties of medicine may be involved in treatment.",30%,closed_qa "Given this paragraph about Singapore, who was Singapore's first president?","After being expelled from Malaysia, Singapore became independent as the Republic of Singapore on 9 August 1965, with Lee Kuan Yew and Yusof bin Ishak as the first prime minister and president respectively. In 1967, the country co-founded the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Race riots broke out once more in 1969. Lee Kuan Yew's emphasis on rapid economic growth, support for business entrepreneurship, and limitations on internal democracy shaped Singapore's policies for the next half-century. Economic growth continued throughout the 1980s, with the unemployment rate falling to 3% and real GDP growth averaging at about 8% up until 1999. During the 1980s, Singapore began to shift towards high-tech industries, such as the wafer fabrication sector, in order to remain competitive as neighbouring countries began manufacturing with cheaper labour. Singapore Changi Airport was opened in 1981 and Singapore Airlines was formed. The Port of Singapore became one of the world's busiest ports and the service and tourism industries also grew immensely during this period.",Yusof bin Ishak,closed_qa From the passage note down the various streaming services which are supported by Alexa. List the results in comma separated format.,"Alexa supports many subscription-based and free streaming services on Amazon devices. These streaming services include: Prime Music, Amazon Music, Amazon Music Unlimited, Apple Music, TuneIn, iHeartRadio, Audible, Pandora, and Spotify Premium. However, some of these music services are not available on other Alexa-enabled products that are manufactured by companies external of its services. This unavailability also includes Amazon's own Fire TV devices or tablets. Alexa is able to stream media and music directly. To do this, Alexa's device should be linked to the Amazon account, which enables access to one's Amazon Music library, in addition to any audiobooks available in one's Audible library. Amazon Prime members have an additional ability to access stations, playlists, and over two million songs free of charge. Amazon Music Unlimited subscribers also have access to a list of millions of songs. Amazon Music for PC allows one to play personal music from Google Play, iTunes, and others on an Alexa device. This can be done by uploading one's collection to My Music on Amazon from a computer. Up to 250 songs can be uploaded free of charge. Once this is done, Alexa can play this music and control playback through voice command options.","Prime Music, Amazon Music, Amazon Music Unlimited, Apple Music, TuneIn, iHeartRadio, Audible, Pandora, Spotify Premium",information_extraction "Based on this paragraph, who directed ""Before Morning?""","Before Morning is a 1933 American pre-Code crime drama directed by Arthur Hoerl, and starring Leo Carrillo, Lora Baxter, and Taylor Holmes. The film was adapted for the screen by Arthur Hoerl, from the 1933 Broadway play of the same name by Edward and Edna Riley.",Arthur Hoerl,closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Rohu or Naked Mole,,Rohu,classification "From the paragraph provide, extract the year of launch and the vendor of the first open source CRM system in the format {Year} - {Vendor}","The concept of customer relationship management started in the early 1970s, when customer satisfaction was evaluated using annual surveys or by front-line asking. At that time, businesses had to rely on standalone mainframe systems to automate sales, but the extent of technology allowed them to categorize customers in spreadsheets and lists. One of the best-known precursors of the modern-day CRM is the Farley File. Developed by Franklin Roosevelt’s campaign manager, James Farley, the Farley File was a comprehensive set of records detailing political and personal facts on people FDR and Farley met or were supposed to meet. Using it, people that FDR met were impressed by his ""recall"" of facts about their family and what they were doing professionally and politically. In 1982, Kate and Robert D. Kestenbaum introduced the concept of database marketing, namely applying statistical methods to analyze and gather customer data.[citation needed] By 1986, Pat Sullivan and Mike Muhney released a customer evaluation system called ACT! based on the principle of digital Rolodex, which offered a contact management service for the first time. The trend was followed by numerous companies and independent developers trying to maximize lead potential, including Tom Siebel of Siebel Systems, who designed the first CRM product, Siebel Customer Relationship Management, in 1993. In order to compete with these new and quickly growing stand-alone CRM solutions, the established enterprise resource planning (ERP) software companies like Oracle, SAP, Peoplesoft (an Oracle subsidiary as of 2005) and Navision started extending their sales, distribution and customer service capabilities with embedded CRM modules. This included embedding sales force automation or extended customer service (e.g. inquiry, activity management) as CRM features in their ERP. Customer relationship management was popularized in 1997, due to the work of Siebel, Gartner, and IBM. Between 1997 and 2000, leading CRM products were enriched with shipping and marketing capabilities. Siebel introduced the first mobile CRM app called Siebel Sales Handheld in 1999. The idea of a stand-alone, cloud-hosted customer base was soon adopted by other leading providers at the time, including PeopleSoft (acquired by Oracle), Oracle, SAP and Salesforce.com. The first open-source CRM system was developed by SugarCRM in 2004. During this period, CRM was rapidly migrating to the cloud, as a result of which it became accessible to sole entrepreneurs and small teams. This increase in accessibility generated a huge wave of price reduction. Around 2009, developers began considering the options to profit from social media's momentum and designed tools to help companies become accessible on all users' favourite networks. Many startups at the time benefited from this trend to provide exclusively social CRM solutions, including Base and Nutshell. The same year, Gartner organized and held the first Customer Relationship Management Summit, and summarized the features systems should offer to be classified as CRM solutions. In 2013 and 2014, most of the popular CRM products were linked to business intelligence systems and communication software to improve corporate communication and end-users' experience. The leading trend is to replace standardized CRM solutions with industry-specific ones, or to make them customizable enough to meet the needs of every business. In November 2016, Forrester released a report where it ""identified the nine most significant CRM suites from eight prominent vendors""",2004 - SugarCRM,information_extraction "From the passage provided, extract where Thomas finished high school.","Thomas attended the local Medicine Lodge school through the 11th grade, the last grade the school offered. He moved to Pasadena, California and finished high school at John Muir High School. He attended Pasadena Junior College for two years and then obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Forestry in February, 1941, from the University of Idaho, at Moscow, Idaho. In 1950, he enrolled in Texas A&M University, at College Station, Texas, where he obtained a MS degree in Wildlife Management in 1951 and a Ph.D in Wildlife Management in 1954 (called Range Management then).","Thomas finished high school at John Muir High School in Pasadena, California.",information_extraction Who was chairman of the board of directors of Tesla as of March 2004?,"The company was incorporated as Tesla Motors, Inc. on July 1, 2003, by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning. Eberhard and Tarpenning served as CEO and CFO, respectively. Eberhard said he wanted to build ""a car manufacturer that is also a technology company"", with its core technologies as ""the battery, the computer software, and the proprietary motor"". Ian Wright was Tesla's third employee, joining a few months later. In February 2004, the company raised $7.5 million in series A funding, including $6.5 million from Elon Musk, who had received $100 million from the sale of his interest in PayPal two years earlier. Musk became the chairman of the board of directors and the largest shareholder of Tesla. J. B. Straubel joined Tesla in May 2004 as chief technical officer. A lawsuit settlement agreed to by Eberhard and Tesla in September 2009 allows all five – Eberhard, Tarpenning, Wright, Musk, and Straubel – to call themselves co-founders.",Elon Musk,closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Ayu or Aye,,Ayu,classification What is the name of Google's email service?,,Gmail,open_qa Which is the second most populated state in India?,"Maharashtra (/məhɑːˈrɑːʃtrə/; Marathi: [məhaɾaːʂʈɾə] (listen), abbr. MH or Maha) is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. Maharashtra is the second-most populous state in India and the second-most populous country subdivision globally. It was formed on 1 May 1960 by splitting the bilingual Bombay State, which had existed since 1956, into majority Marathi-speaking Maharashtra and Gujarati-speaking Gujarat. Maharashtra is home to the Marathi people, the predominant ethno-linguistic group, who speak the Marathi language, the official language of the state. The state is divided into 6 divisions and 36 districts, with the state capital being Mumbai, the most populous urban area in India, and Nagpur serving as the winter capital, which also hosts the winter session of the state legislature. Godavari and Krishna are the two major rivers in the state. Forests cover 16.47 per cent of the state's geographical area. Out of the total cultivable land in the state, about 60 per cent is used for grain crops in the Deccan region, rice in coastal Konkan, and other high rainfall areas.",Maharashtra,closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Vendace or Venice,,Vendace,classification Which is a species of fish? Bream or Cream,,Bream,classification Which is a species of fish? Pike or Parrot,,Pike,classification "Given the reference text about The Sun Also Rises, when was the book written and who wrote it?","The Sun Also Rises is a 1926 novel by American writer Ernest Hemingway, his first, that portrays American and British expatriates who travel from Paris to the Festival of San Fermín in Pamplona to watch the running of the bulls and the bullfights. An early modernist novel, it received mixed reviews upon publication. Hemingway biographer Jeffrey Meyers writes that it is now ""recognized as Hemingway's greatest work"" and Hemingway scholar Linda Wagner-Martin calls it his most important novel. The novel was published in the United States in October 1926 by Scribner's. A year later, Jonathan Cape published the novel in London under the title Fiesta. It remains in print. The novel is a roman à clef: the characters are based on people in Hemingway's circle and the action is based on events, particularly Hemingway's life in Paris in the 1920s and a trip to Spain in 1925 for the Pamplona festival and fishing in the Pyrenees. Hemingway presents his notion that the ""Lost Generation""—considered to have been decadent, dissolute and irretrievably damaged by World War I—was in fact resilient and strong. Hemingway investigates the themes of love and death, the revivifying power of nature and the concept of masculinity. His spare writing style, combined with his restrained use of description to convey characterizations and action, demonstrates his ""Iceberg Theory"" of writing.",The Sun Also Rises was written in 1926 by Ernest Hemingway.,closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Herring or Hearing,,Herring,classification "Given a reference text about Giovanni Dominici, when was he beatified?","Giovanni Dominici (c. 1355 – 10 June 1419) was an Italian Catholic prelate and Dominican who became a cardinal. His ideas had a profound influence on the art of Fra Angelico who entered the order through him. But he once encountered difficulties becoming a friar due to a speech impairment that his superiors believed would rule him ineligible for both profession and the priesthood. Dominici became a noted theologian and preacher and was tireless in establishing monasteries and convents in cities such as Fiesole and Lucca. He attempted to resign his cardinalate in 1415 during the Council of Constance after he succeeded in convincing the pope to abdicate in order to end the Western Schism. But the Council refused to accept his resignation though he had resigned from the archbishopric that he held. He spent the remainder of his life as a papal legate for Pope Martin V until he died in Buda. He had been first named as a Blessed since 1622 though he had not been recognized as such until he was beatified on 9 April 1832.[","Giovanni Dominici was beatified on April 9, 1832.",closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Sardine or Sardinia,,Sardine,classification "Identify the bird from the list: Chough, Cough, Clough",,Chough,classification Which is a species of fish? Koi or Toy,,Koi,classification Who wrote the music for the ballets Firebird and Rites of Spring,,Igor Stravinsky,open_qa Which is a species of fish? Boar or Boarfish,,Boarfish,classification Which is a species of fish? Marlin or Doberman,,Marlin,classification "Given these paragraphs about battery storage power stations, how much was able to store and dispatch the first phase of Vistra Energy's Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility?","As of 2021, the power and capacity of the largest individual battery storage power plants is an order of magnitude less than that of the largest pumped storage power plants, the most common form of grid energy storage. For example, the Bath County Pumped Storage Station, the second largest in the world, can store 24GWh of electricity and dispatch 3GW while the first phase of Vistra Energy's Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility can store 1.2GWh and dispatch 300MW. Grid batteries do not however have to be large, and smaller ones can be deployed widely across a grid for greater redundancy. As of 2019, battery power storage is cheaper than open cycle gas turbine power for use up to two hours, and there was around 365 GWh of battery storage deployed worldwide, growing extremely rapidly. Levelized cost of electricity from battery storage has fallen rapidly, halving in two years to US$150 per MWh as of 2020.",The first phase of Vistra Energy's Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility can store 1.2GWh and dispatch 300MW.,closed_qa Extract the name of the founder of Salesforce from the text,"Salesforce, Inc. is an American cloud-based software company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It provides customer relationship management (CRM) software and applications focused on sales, customer service, marketing automation, e-commerce, analytics, and application development. Founded by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff, Salesforce quickly grew into one of the largest companies in the world, making its IPO in 2004. Salesforce's continued growth makes it the first cloud computing company to reach US$1 billion in annual revenue by fiscal year 2009, and the world's largest enterprise software firm by 2022. Today, Salesforce is one of the largest technology companies in the world, and as of September 19, 2022, is the 61st largest company in the world by market cap with a value of nearly US$153 billion. Salesforce ranked 136th on the most recent edition of the Fortune 500, making US$26.5 billion in 2022. Since 2020, Salesforce has also been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.",Marc Benioff,information_extraction "Find the bird in this list: Shark, Dog, Arctic tern",,Arctic tern,classification "Identify the bird from the list: Queensbury, Kingfisher, Bishopsgate",,Kingfisher,classification How long does it take for a mustard seed to germinate?,"Mustard seeds are the small round seeds of various mustard plants. The seeds are usually about 1 to 2 millimetres (0.039 to 0.079 in) in diameter and may be colored from yellowish white to black. They are an important spice in many regional foods and may come from one of three different plants: black mustard (Brassica nigra), brown mustard (B. juncea), or white mustard (Sinapis alba). Grinding and mixing the seeds with water, vinegar or other liquids creates the yellow condiment known as prepared mustard. Mustard seeds generally take eight to ten days to germinate if placed under the proper conditions, which include a cold atmosphere and relatively moist soil.","Mustard seeds generally take eight to ten days to germinate if placed under the proper conditions, which include a cold atmosphere and relatively moist soil.",closed_qa Who is the first African-American to perform at the Metropolitan Opera?,,Marian Anderson was the first African-American to perform at the Metropolitan Opera.,open_qa List the founders of Twitter from the above passage in a comma separated format.,"Twitter is an online social media and social networking service owned and operated by American company Twitter, Inc., on which users post or reply to texts, images and videos known as ""tweets"". Registered users can tweet, like, ""retweet"" tweets and direct message (DM), while unregistered users only have the ability to view public tweets. Users interact with Twitter through browser or mobile frontend software, or programmatically via its APIs. Twitter was created by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams in March 2006 and launched in July of that year. Twitter, Inc. is based in San Francisco, California and has more than 25 offices around the world. By 2012, more than 100 million users tweeted 340 million tweets a day, and the service handled an average of 1.6 billion search queries per day. In 2013, it was one of the ten most-visited websites and has been described as ""the SMS of the Internet"". By the start of 2019, Twitter had more than 330 million monthly active users. In practice, the vast majority of tweets are tweeted by a minority of users. In 2020, it was estimated that approximately 48 million accounts (15% of all accounts) were fake. On October 27, 2022, business magnate Elon Musk acquired Twitter, Inc. for US$44 billion, gaining control of the platform. On December 20, 2022, Musk announced he would step down as CEO once a replacement had been found. As of April 2023, Musk has yet to announce a successor and remains CEO.","Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, Evan Williams",information_extraction "From the passage provided, extract Tagore's nickname","The name Tagore is the anglicised transliteration of Thakur. The original surname of the Tagores was Kushari. They were Pirali Brahmin ('Pirali’ historically carried a stigmatized and pejorative connotation) originally belonged to a village named Kush in the district named Burdwan in West Bengal. The biographer of Rabindranath Tagore, Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya wrote in the first volume of his book Rabindrajibani O Rabindra Sahitya Prabeshak that The Kusharis were the descendants of Deen Kushari, the son of Bhatta Narayana; Deen was granted a village named Kush (in Burdwan zilla) by Maharaja Kshitisura, he became its chief and came to be known as Kushari. Life and events Early life: 1861–1878 Main article: Early life of Rabindranath Tagore Young Tagore in London, 1879 The last two days a storm has been raging, similar to the description in my song—Jhauro jhauro borishe baridhara [... amidst it] a hapless, homeless man drenched from top to toe standing on the roof of his steamer [...] the last two days I have been singing this song over and over [...] as a result the pelting sound of the intense rain, the wail of the wind, the sound of the heaving Gorai River, [...] have assumed a fresh life and found a new language and I have felt like a major actor in this new musical drama unfolding before me. — Letter to Indira Devi. The youngest of 13 surviving children, Tagore (nicknamed ""Rabi"") was born on 7 May 1861 in the Jorasanko mansion in Calcutta, the son of Debendranath Tagore (1817–1905) and Sarada Devi (1830–1875). Black-and-white photograph of a finely dressed man and woman: the man, smiling, stands with the hand on the hip and elbow turned outward with a shawl draped over his shoulders and in Bengali formal wear. In front of him, the woman, seated, is in elaborate dress and shawl; she leans against a carved table supporting a vase and flowing leaves. Tagore and his wife Mrinalini Devi, 1883 Tagore was raised mostly by servants; his mother had died in his early childhood and his father travelled widely. The Tagore family was at the forefront of the Bengal renaissance. They hosted the publication of literary magazines; theatre and recitals of Bengali and Western classical music featured there regularly. Tagore's father invited several professional Dhrupad musicians to stay in the house and teach Indian classical music to the children. Tagore's oldest brother Dwijendranath was a philosopher and poet. Another brother, Satyendranath, was the first Indian appointed to the elite and formerly all-European Indian Civil Service. Yet another brother, Jyotirindranath, was a musician, composer, and playwright. His sister Swarnakumari became a novelist. Jyotirindranath's wife Kadambari Devi, slightly older than Tagore, was a dear friend and powerful influence. Her abrupt suicide in 1884, soon after he married, left him profoundly distraught for years.",Rabi,information_extraction When was the second series of Renminbi banknotes introduced in China?,"The second series of Renminbi banknotes was introduced on March 1, 1955. Together with the introduction of the second series, the decimal point was moved 4 places to the left. As a result, one first series ¥10,000 note is equivalent to one second series ¥1 note. Though rarely used, coins of the 2nd series are still valid in the PRC, and the PBC also put new coins to the market.","The second series of Renminbi banknotes was introduced on March 1, 1955.",closed_qa "Given this paragraph about Riot Games' history, which game was used an indication that games could be supported and monetized long-term?","Riot Games' founders Brandon ""Ryze"" Beck and Marc ""Tryndamere"" Merrill became friends while roommates at the University of Southern California, where the two studied business. Beck and Merrill believed too many video game developers diverted their focus from game to game too often, distinguishing Defense of the Ancients as an indication that games could be supported and monetized long-term. They also drew inspiration from Asian video game designers who released their games for no up-front cost and instead charged for additional perks.",Defense of the Ancients (DotA),closed_qa "In a bingo game, which number is represented by the phrase “two little ducks”?",,22,open_qa "Given a reference text about Philip, Duke of Parma, who were his parents?","Philip, Duke of Parma Philip (Spanish: Felipe, Italian: Filippo; 15 March 1720 – 18 July 1765) was Duke of Parma from 18 October 1748 until his death in 1765. He was born a Spanish infante, being the second son of King Philip V and Elisabeth Farnese. The Duchy of Parma had been ruled by the House of Farnese, Queen Elisabeth's family. Philip founded the House of Bourbon-Parma, a cadet line of the House of Bourbon. He was a first cousin and son-in-law of the French king Louis XV.","Philip, Duke of Parma's parents were King Philip V and Elisabeth Farnese.",closed_qa From the passage identify the subtypes of Hepatovirus A. Display the results in comma separated format.,"Hepatovirus A is a species of virus in the order Picornavirales, family Picornaviridae, genus Hepatovirus. Humans and other vertebrates serve as natural hosts. Nine members of Hepatovirus are recognized. These species infect bats, rodents, hedgehogs, and shrews. Phylogenetic analysis suggests a rodent origin for Hepatitis A.[citation needed] A member virus of hepatovirus B (Phopivirus) has been isolated from a seal. This virus shared a common ancestor with Hepatovirus A about 1800 years ago.[citation needed] Another hepatovirus – Marmota himalayana hepatovirus – has been isolated from the woodchuck Marmota himalayana. This virus appears to have had a common ancestor with the primate-infecting species around 1000 years ago.[citation needed] One serotype and seven different genetic groups (four human and three simian) have been described. The human genotypes are numbered I–III. Six subtypes have been described (IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB). The simian genotypes have been numbered IV–VI. A single isolate of genotype VII isolated from a human has also been described. Genotype III has been isolated from both humans and owl monkeys. Most human isolates are of genotype I. Of the type I isolates subtype IA accounts for the majority. The mutation rate in the genome has been estimated to be 1.73–9.76 × 10−4 nucleotide substitutions per site per year. The human strains appear to have diverged from the simian about 3600 years ago. The mean age of genotypes III and IIIA strains has been estimated to be 592 and 202 years, respectively.","IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB",information_extraction Based on the passage list the four companies apart from Apple which are part of Big Five American information technology companies. Present the result in a comma separated manner.,"Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California. Apple is the largest technology company by revenue, totaling US$394.3 billion in 2022. As of March 2023, Apple is the world's biggest company by market capitalization. As of June 2022, Apple is the fourth-largest personal computer vendor by unit sales and second-largest mobile phone manufacturer. It is one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet (known for Google), Amazon, Meta (known for Facebook), and Microsoft. Apple was founded as Apple Computer Company on April 1, 1976, by Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs and Ronald Wayne to develop and sell Wozniak's Apple I personal computer. It was incorporated by Jobs and Wozniak as Apple Computer, Inc. in 1977. The company's second computer, the Apple II, became a best seller and one of the first mass-produced microcomputers. Apple went public in 1980 to instant financial success. The company developed computers featuring innovative graphical user interfaces, including the 1984 original Macintosh, announced that year in a critically acclaimed advertisement. By 1985, the high cost of its products, and power struggles between executives, caused problems. Wozniak stepped back from Apple amicably and pursued other ventures, while Jobs resigned bitterly and founded NeXT, taking some Apple employees with him.","Alphabet, Amazon, Meta, Microsoft",information_extraction Name the novel for which Douglas Stuart won the Booker.,,Shuggie Bain,open_qa Which singer’s real name is Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta?,,Lady Gaga,open_qa What is the name of the national museum of the Netherlands?,,The national museum of the Netherlands is called the Rijksmuseum.,open_qa Extract from the text the name of the state where Beaver Creek is located,"Beaver Creek is a tributary of the Des Moines River that rises at the northern border of Boone County in the U.S. state of Iowa, and then flows generally south and southeast through western Boone County, northeastern Dallas County, and finally northwestern Polk County before flowing into the Des Moines River approximately a mile south of the Saylorville Reservoir in Polk County. In total, the main channel is approximately 77 miles (124 km) in length, and the watershed drains approximately 380 square miles (980 km2).",Iowa,information_extraction "Given these paragraphs about Natural hydrogen, what is another name for it that distinguishes from other forms of hydrogen?","Natural hydrogen (known as white hydrogen), is naturally occurring molecular hydrogen on or in Earth (as opposed to hydrogen produced in the laboratory or in industry). The name white hydrogen distinguishes it from green hydrogen, which is produced from renewable energy sources, and from grey, brown or black hydrogen, which is obtained from fossil sources or from the electrolysis of water. Natural hydrogen may be renewable, non-polluting and allows for lower cost operation compared to industrial hydrogen. Natural hydrogen has been identified in many source rocks in areas beyond the sedimentary basins where oil companies typically operate. Origin of natural hydrogen There are several sources of natural hydrogen: - degassing of deep hydrogen from the Earth's crust and mantle; - reaction of water with ultrabasic rocks (serpentinisation); - contact of water with reducing agents in the Earth's mantle; - interaction of water with freshly exposed rock surfaces (weathering); - decomposition of hydroxyl ions in the structure of minerals; - Natural radiolysis of water; - decomposition of organic matter; - biological activity - Extraction - Natural hydrogen is extracted from wells, mixed with other gases such as nitrogen or helium. Several sources have been identified in France. Geologists Alain Prinzhofer and Eric Derville have demonstrated the existence of large reservoirs in a dozen countries, including Mali and the United States. However, their potential remains difficult to assess. Numerous emanations on the ocean floor have been identified but are difficult to exploit. The discovery of a significant emergence in Russia in 2008 suggests the possibility of extracting native hydrogen in geological environments. Geology Natural hydrogen is generated continuously from a variety of natural sources. There are many known hydrogen emergences on mid-ocean ridges. Another of the known reactions, serpentinisation, occurs under the sea floor (in the oceanic crust). Diagenetic origin (iron oxidation) in the sedimentary basins of cratons, notably in Russia. Other sources are being explored, such as mantle hydrogen, or hydrogen from radiolysis (natural electrolysis) or from bacterial activity. In France, the Alps and Pyrenees are suitable for exploitation. New Caledonia has hyperalkaline sources that show dihydrogen emissions. A large accumulation of natural hydrogen was discovered in Bourakebougou (Mali). Characteristics Dihydrogen is very soluble in fresh water, especially at depth (solubility increases with pressure). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_hydrogen",White hydrogen,closed_qa "Given this paragraph, who wrote ""August?""","August (2001), is the first novel by author Gerard Woodward. It was shortlisted for Whitbread Book Award (2001).",Gerard Woodward,closed_qa "Based on this paragraph, how many churches are in the The Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland?","The Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland (ABC, ABCi and ABCI) is a Baptist Christian denomination based in Ireland. It is a group of 117 autonomous Baptist churches working together in fellowship and evangelism, training and caring ministries. The association only acts on behalf of the churches for the work which the churches have agreed to do together.",117,closed_qa "Extract the years that Ayrton Senna da Silva won the Formula One World Championship, and put them separated by comma.","Ayrton Senna da Silva (21 March 1960 – 1 May 1994) was a Brazilian racing driver who won the Formula One World Drivers' Championship in 1988, 1990, and 1991. Senna is one of three Formula One drivers from Brazil to win the World Championship and won 41 Grands Prix and 65 pole positions, with the latter being the record until 2006.","1988, 1990, 1991",information_extraction "Given this paragraph, who wrote ""Greenmantle?""","Greenmantle is the second of five novels by John Buchan featuring the character Richard Hannay. It was first published in 1916 by Hodder & Stoughton, London. It is one of two Hannay novels set during the First World War, the other being Mr Standfast (1919); Hannay's first and best-known adventure, The Thirty-Nine Steps (1915), is set in the period immediately preceding the war.",John Buchan,closed_qa "Identify the bird from the list: Butter, Bittern, Bitterness",,Bittern,classification Who is the largest coatings company in the world by revenue?,"PPG Industries, Inc. is an American Fortune 500 company and global supplier of paints, coatings, and specialty materials. With headquarters in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PPG operates in more than 70 countries around the globe. By revenue it is the largest coatings company in the world followed by AkzoNobel. It is headquartered in PPG Place, an office and retail complex in downtown Pittsburgh, and is known for its glass facade designed by Postmodern architect Philip Johnson.","PPG Industries, Inc.",closed_qa Which is a species of fish? Mullet or Afro,,Mullet,classification Extract the different storage configurations available to the iPhone 14 that are mentioned in the text. Put them in a comma separated list.,"iPhone 14 and 14 Plus are available in three internal storage configurations: 128, 256, and 512 GB. It has 6 GB of RAM, an increase over the iPhone 13 and 13 mini model's 4 GB of RAM. The iPhone 14 and 14 Plus have the same IP68 rating for dust and water resistance as their predecessors.","128 GB, 256 GB, 512 GB",information_extraction Whats the name of the person who wrote the US declaration of independence?,,Thomas Jefferson,open_qa Which human rights organisation founded 1961 got Nobel 1977,,Amnesty International,open_qa Which is a species of fish? Loach or Poach,,Loach,classification Who was the very first American Idol winner?,,Kelly Clarkson.,open_qa From the passage note down the name of the countries which have most voting power. List the results in comma separated format.,"The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. The World Bank is the collective name for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA), two of five international organizations owned by the World Bank Group. It was established along with the International Monetary Fund at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference. After a slow start, its first loan was to France in 1947. In the 1970s, it focused on loans to developing world countries, shifting away from that mission in the 1980s. For the last 30 years, it has included NGOs and environmental groups in its loan portfolio. Its loan strategy is influenced by the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, as well as environmental and social safeguards. As of 2022, the World Bank is run by a president and 25 executive directors, as well as 29 various vice presidents. IBRD and IDA have 189 and 174 member countries, respectively. The U.S., Japan, China, Germany and the U.K. have the most voting power. The bank aims loans at developing countries to help reduce poverty. The bank is engaged in several global partnerships and initiatives, and takes a role in working toward addressing climate change. The World Bank operates a number of training wings and it works with the Clean Air Initiative and the UN Development Business. It works within the Open Data Initiative and hosts an Open Knowledge Repository. The World Bank has been criticized as promoting inflation and harming economic development, causing protests in 1988 and 2000. There has also been criticism of the bank's governance and response to the COVID-19 pandemic.","U.S., Japan, China, Germany, U.K.",information_extraction Which is a species of fish? Rainbowfish or Rain,,Rainbowfish,classification Which company introduced new kits for Marseille?,"This new season Adidas introduced Marseille's new kits, and these new ones are very different from last season, except the home kit, the colours of Marseille still stay white and sky blue. The away kit is an impressive kit with it being sky blue and has shades of black. The third kit was so far used in European competitions only. This kit is a full black kit but still has a little sky blue. In all of Marseille's kits there is one their main colour sky blue one.",Adidas,closed_qa What is the largest estuary in the United States?,"The Chesapeake Bay (/ˈtʃɛsəpiːk/ CHESS-ə-peek) is the largest estuary in the United States. The Bay is located in the Mid-Atlantic region and is primarily separated from the Atlantic Ocean by the Delmarva Peninsula, including parts of the Eastern Shore of Maryland, the Eastern Shore of Virginia, and the state of Delaware. The mouth of the Bay at its southern point is located between Cape Henry and Cape Charles. With its northern portion in Maryland and the southern part in Virginia, the Chesapeake Bay is a very important feature for the ecology and economy of those two states, as well as others surrounding within its watershed. More than 150 major rivers and streams flow into the Bay's 64,299-square-mile (166,534 km2) drainage basin, which covers parts of six states, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia, and all of Washington, D.C.",The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States.,information_extraction Where was Sarah Schechter born?,"Schechter was born in Boston and grew up in Brookline, Massachusetts and New York City. Her father, Danny Schechter, a grandson of Russian-Jewish immigrant socialists, was a human rights activist, author, filmmaker and television producer.","Sarah Schechter was born in Boston, Massachusetts.",closed_qa Where did Sly and the Family Stone come from?,"Sly and the Family Stone was an American funk rock band originated from San Francisco, California. Active from 1966 to 1983, they were pivotal in the development of funk, soul, rock, and psychedelic music. Their core line-up was led by singer-songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist Sly Stone, and included Stone's brother and singer/guitarist Freddie Stone, sister and singer/keyboardist Rose Stone, trumpeter Cynthia Robinson, drummer Greg Errico, saxophonist Jerry Martini, and bassist Larry Graham. The band was the first major American rock group to have a racially integrated, male and female lineup.","Sly and the Family Stone originated from San Francisco, California.",closed_qa "From the passage provided, extract the different bordering regions to Southeast Asia","Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainland China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and north-west of mainland Australia which is part of Oceania. Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia, to the west by South Asia and the Bay of Bengal, to the east by Oceania and the Pacific Ocean, and to the south by Australia and the Indian Ocean. Apart from the British Indian Ocean Territory and two out of 26 atolls of Maldives in South Asia, Maritime Southeast Asia is the only other subregion of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere. Mainland Southeast Asia is completely in the Northern Hemisphere. Timor-Leste and the southern portion of Indonesia are the only parts in Southeast Asia that are south of the Equator.","Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia, to the west by South Asia and the Bay of Bengal, to the east by Oceania and the Pacific Ocean, and to the south by Australia and the Indian Ocean.",information_extraction Extract comma separated list of the names of the tenants of the Willis Tower from the text.,"The Willis Tower (originally the Sears Tower) is a 110-story, 1,451-foot (442.3 m) skyscraper in the Loop community area of Chicago in Illinois, United States. Designed by architect Bruce Graham and engineer Fazlur Rahman Khan of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), it opened in 1973 as the world's tallest building, a title that it held for nearly 25 years. It is the third-tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, as well as the 23rd-tallest in the world. Each year, more than 1.7 million people visit the Skydeck observation deck, the highest in the United States, making it one of Chicago's most popular tourist destinations. As of April 2018, the building's largest tenant is United Airlines, which occupies around 20 floors. Other major tenants include the building's namesake Willis Towers Watson and law firms Schiff Hardin and Seyfarth Shaw. Morgan Stanley became the building's fourth-largest tenant in 2017.","United Airlines, Willis Towers Watson, Schiff Hardin, Seyfarth Shaw, Morgan Stanley",information_extraction Extract the full names of characters in the text. List them separated by newlines.,"This part is original to the 1951 book version. It takes place in 12,067 G.E. (""Galactic Era""). The story begins on Trantor, the capital of the 12,000-year-old Galactic Empire, powerful but slowly decaying. Hari Seldon, a mathematician and psychologist, has developed psychohistory, a new field of science and psychology that treats all possibilities in large societies by mathematics, allowing for the probabilistic prediction of future events. By means of psychohistory, Seldon has discovered the decline and eventual fall of the Empire, angering the aristocratic members of the Commission of Public Safety, the de facto rulers of the Empire. The Commission considers Seldon's views and statements treasonous, and he is arrested along with the young mathematician Gaal Dornick, who has arrived on Trantor to join Seldon's group. Seldon is tried by the Commission; he defends his beliefs, explaining his theories and predictions, including his belief that the Empire will collapse in 300 years and while a Second Empire will eventually rise it will only come after a 30,000-year dark age. He informs the Commission that an alternative to this future is attainable and explains to them that creating a compendium of all human knowledge, the Encyclopedia Galactica, may not prevent the inevitable fall of the Empire but would reduce the dark age to one millennium. The skeptical Commission, not wanting to make Seldon a martyr, offers him exile to a remote world, Terminus, with others who could help him create the Encyclopedia. He accepts their offer, prepares for the departure of the ""Encyclopedists"" and receives an imperial decree officially acknowledging his actions. Seldon informs Dornick that, despite the Empire's belief it won by exiling Seldon, the outcome was exactly what he had intended and hoped for. Terminus would be the home of the first Foundation while a second would be established ""at Star's End."" Seldon then reveals that he is dying, and implores Dornick to become a leader in the new Foundation.","Hari Seldon Gaal Dornick",information_extraction "Identify the bird from the list: Hoot, Coot, Foot",,Coot,classification Which U.S president had a home called The Hermitage?,,Andrew Jackson,open_qa "Which two of the world's ""super power"" nations engaged in a cold war, following World War II?","World War II changed the political alignment and social structure of the globe and set the foundation for the international order of the world's nations during the Cold War and into present day. The United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts, with the victorious great powers—China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States—becoming the permanent members of its Security Council. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the nearly half-century-long Cold War. In the wake of European devastation, the influence of its great powers waned, triggering the decolonization of Africa and Asia. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery and expansion. Political and economic integration, especially in Europe, began as an effort to forestall future hostilities, end pre-war enmities, and forge a sense of common identity.",The Soviet Union and the United States.,closed_qa "From the passage provided, extract the names of the writers for the movie Captain America: The First Avenger. Separate them with a comma.","Captain America: The First Avenger is a 2011 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures, it is the fifth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Joe Johnston, written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and stars Chris Evans as Steve Rogers / Captain America alongside Tommy Lee Jones, Hugo Weaving, Hayley Atwell, Sebastian Stan, Dominic Cooper, Toby Jones, Neal McDonough, Derek Luke, and Stanley Tucci. During World War II, Steve Rogers, a frail man, is transformed into the super-soldier Captain America and must stop the Red Skull (Weaving) from using the Tesseract as an energy source for world domination.","Christopher Markus, Stephen McFeely",information_extraction "From the passage provided, extract the programming languages supported by Flink. Separate them with a comma.","Flink provides a high-throughput, low-latency streaming engine as well as support for event-time processing and state management. Flink applications are fault-tolerant in the event of machine failure and support exactly-once semantics. Programs can be written in Java, Scala, Python, and SQL and are automatically compiled and optimized into dataflow programs that are executed in a cluster or cloud environment.","Java, Scala, Python, SQL",information_extraction Extract the shows that Bini the Bunny was featured. Separate them with a comma.,"Bini the Bunny is a rabbit, known for a series of videos posted on the internet. Bini is a 10-year-old male Holland Lop rabbit, referred to by the media and fans as the only rabbit in the world who can paint, play basketball, play the guitar/piano and comb and style hair. As of 2017, Bini and his owner, Shai (Asor) Lighter are Guinness Book of World Record holders for the most slam dunks by a rabbit in one minute. Bini's most popular video with over 20 million views was created in 2016, titled ""When Your Bunny is Addicted to Arcade Games"". Bini's social pages have more than 1 million followers. Bini was featured in various TV shows including The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon, two Netflix originals, and participated in America's Got Talent.","The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon, two Netflix originals, America's Got Talent.",information_extraction What year was Genghis Khan born?,,Genghis Khan was born in the year 1162.,open_qa "Based on this paragrah, what indie band released the album ""Popsicle""?","Popsicle is an alternative rock album by indie band Diamond Nights, released in 2005. The song ""The Girl's Attractive"" was featured in a 2006 Jaguar and an Austrian beer (Stiegl) advertisement, as well on the ""Thirst"" and ""Nicodemus"" episodes of the TV drama Smallville, and was included on its second Soundtrack The Metropolis Mix .",Diamond Nights,closed_qa From the passage identify the sacred animals of Apollo. Display the results in a comma separated format.,"Apollo (Ἀπόλλων, Apóllōn) God of music, arts, knowledge, healing, plague, prophecy, poetry, manly beauty, and archery. He is the son of Zeus and Leto, and the twin brother of Artemis. Both Apollo and Artemis use a bow and arrow. Apollo is depicted as young, beardless, handsome and athletic. In myth, he can be cruel and destructive, and his love affairs are rarely happy. He is often accompanied by the Muses. His most famous temple is in Delphi, where he established his oracular shrine. His signs and symbols include the laurel wreath, bow and arrow, and lyre. His sacred animals include roe deer, swans, and pythons. Some late Roman and Greek poetry and mythography identifies him as a sun-god, equivalent to Roman Sol and Greek Helios.","roe deer, swans, pythons",information_extraction Which classical composer wrote the Hungarian Rhapsody,,Franz Liszt,open_qa What is the legal drinking age in the USA?,,The legal drinking age in the USA is 21.,open_qa "Find the bird in this list: Arctic skua, Monkey, Lily",,Arctic skua,classification What singer was born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou?,,George Michael.,open_qa Hugh Lofting created which famous character,,Doctor Dolittle,open_qa What are the names of four large moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610?,"Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass more than two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined, and slightly less than one one-thousandth the mass of the Sun. Jupiter is the third brightest natural object in the Earth's night sky after the Moon and Venus, and it has been observed since prehistoric times. It was named after Jupiter, the chief deity of ancient Roman religion. Jupiter is primarily composed of hydrogen, followed by helium, which constitutes a quarter of its mass and a tenth of its volume. The ongoing contraction of Jupiter's interior generates more heat than the planet receives from the Sun. Because of its rapid rotation rate of 1 rotation per 10 hours, the planet's shape is an oblate spheroid: it has a slight but noticeable bulge around the equator. The outer atmosphere is divided into a series of latitudinal bands, with turbulence and storms along their interacting boundaries. A prominent result of this is the Great Red Spot, a giant storm which has been observed since at least 1831. Jupiter is surrounded by a faint planetary ring system and has a powerful magnetosphere. The planet's magnetic tail is nearly 800 million kilometres (5.3 astronomical units; 500 million miles) long. Jupiter has 95 known moons and probably many more, including the four large moons discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Ganymede, the largest of the four, is larger than the planet Mercury. Callisto is the second largest; Io and Europa are approximately the size of Earth's moon. Pioneer 10 was the first spacecraft to visit Jupiter, making its closest approach to the planet in December 1973. Jupiter has since been explored by multiple robotic spacecraft, beginning with the Pioneer and Voyager flyby missions from 1973 to 1979. The Galileo orbiter arrived in orbit around Jupiter in 1995. In 2007, New Horizons visited Jupiter for a gravity assist to increase its speed and bend its trajectory on the way to Pluto. The latest probe to visit Jupiter, Juno, entered its orbit in July 2016. Future targets for exploration in the Jupiter system include its moon Europa, which probably has an ice-covered liquid ocean which scientists think could sustain life.","Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.",information_extraction "From the passage provided, extract the names of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India. Separate them with a comma.","The Mahābhārata (/məˌhɑːˈbɑːrətə, ˌmɑːhə-/ mə-HAH-BAR-ə-tə, MAH-hə-; Sanskrit: महाभारतम्, Mahābhāratam, pronounced [mɐɦaːˈbʱaːrɐt̪ɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India in Hinduism, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa. It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pāṇḍava princes and their successors. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four ""goals of life"" or puruṣārtha (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the Mahābhārata are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Damayanti, the story of Shakuntala, the story of Pururava and Urvashi, the story of Savitri and Satyavan, the story of Kacha and Devayani, the story of Rishyasringa and an abbreviated version of the Rāmāyaṇa, often considered as works in their own right. Krishna and Arjuna at Kurukshetra, 18th–19th-century painting.","Mahābhārata, Rāmāyaṇa",information_extraction What is the average lifespan of a Golden Retriever?,"Golden Retrievers are a generally healthy breed; they have an average lifespan of 12 to 13 years. Irresponsible breeding to meet high demand has led to the prevalence of inherited health problems in some breed lines, including allergic skin conditions, eye problems and sometimes snappiness. These problems are rarely encountered in dogs bred from responsible breeders.",The average lifespan of a Golden Retriever is 12 to 13 years.,information_extraction What state is known as the Lone Star State?,,Texas.,open_qa Which is a species of fish? Pleco or Place,,Pleco,classification Fix the typos and grammar below,"Bernd Rosemeyer (14 October 1909 – 28 January 1938) was a german racing driver andd speed record holder. He is considered on of the greatest racing driver of all time. Tough he was no a member of the Nazi party, she was made a member of the SS for propaganda purposes and hold the rank off Hauptsturmführer.","Bernd Rosemeyer (14 October 1909 – 28 January 1938) was a German racing driver and speed record holder. He is considered one of the greatest racing drivers of all time. Though he was not a member of the Nazi party, he was made a member of the SS for propaganda purposes and held the rank of Hauptsturmführer.",information_extraction Annapolis is the capital city of which state?,"Annapolis (/əˈnæpəlɪs/ (listen) ə-NAP-ə-lis) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Maryland and the county seat of, and only incorporated city in, Anne Arundel County. Situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River, 25 miles (40 km) south of Baltimore and about 30 miles (50 km) east of Washington, D.C., Annapolis forms part of the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area. The 2020 census recorded its population as 40,812, an increase of 6.3% since 2010.",Annapolis is the capital city of Maryland.,closed_qa "From the passage provided, extract when hallmarking was first observed in England.","Hallmarking dates back to the 14th century when Edward I of England passed a law requiring any item made of silver, which was offered for sale to be at least of equal quality as that of the coin of the realm (silver currency). The four wardens of the Goldsmiths’ Company were tasked with visiting workshops in the City of London to assay (test) silver articles. If these articles were found to be below standard they were originally forfeit to the king, but if they passed, each article received the king's mark of authentication which was the mark of a leopard's head. By 1478, there were several hundred workshops and merchants manufacturing silver articles in the City of London. It was not possible for the wardens to visit them all so the merchants were ordered to bring their items to Goldsmiths’ Hall for testing and marking and a permanent assay office was established in the building. This is the origin of the term hallmark – struck with the king's mark at Goldsmiths’ Hall. In 1544 the Goldsmith's Company adopted the king's mark as their town mark and the mark of the leopard's head is now internationally recognized as the mark of this assay office.",Hallmarking was first observed in England in the 14th century.,information_extraction Which state is named in the passage?,The Brownstown Marl is a geologic formation in Arkansas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.,Arkansas,closed_qa Where are do the Los Angeles Lakers play their home games?,,The Los Angeles Lakers play their home games at the Staples Center.,open_qa What is the population in Suwon?,"Suwon (Korean: 수원; Hanja: 水原; lit. Waterfield, Korean pronunciation: [sʰu.wʌn]) is the capital and largest city of Gyeonggi-do, South Korea's most populous province which surrounds Seoul, the national capital. Suwon lies about 30 km (19 mi) south of Seoul. It is traditionally known as ""The City of Filial Piety"". With a population close to 1.3 million, it is larger than Ulsan, although it is not governed as a metropolitan city.",The population in Suwon is close to 1.3 million.,closed_qa From the passage find parts of plant which can be used as scion. Display the results in comma separated format.,"Grafting or graftage is a horticultural technique whereby tissues of plants are joined so as to continue their growth together. The upper part of the combined plant is called the scion (/ˈsaɪən/) while the lower part is called the rootstock. The success of this joining requires that the vascular tissues grow together and such joining is called inosculation. The technique is most commonly used in asexual propagation of commercially grown plants for the horticultural and agricultural trades. In most cases, one plant is selected for its roots and this is called the stock or rootstock. The other plant is selected for its stems, leaves, flowers, or fruits and is called the scion or cion. The scion contains the desired genes to be duplicated in future production by the stock/scion plant. In stem grafting, a common grafting method, a shoot of a selected, desired plant cultivar is grafted onto the stock of another type. In another common form called bud grafting, a dormant side bud is grafted onto the stem of another stock plant, and when it has inosculated successfully, it is encouraged to grow by pruning off the stem of the stock plant just above the newly grafted bud. For successful grafting to take place, the vascular cambium tissues of the stock and scion plants must be placed in contact with each other. Both tissues must be kept alive until the graft has ""taken"", usually a period of a few weeks. Successful grafting only requires that a vascular connection take place between the grafted tissues. Research conducted in Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls has shown that the connection of phloem takes place after three days of initial grafting, whereas the connection of xylem can take up to seven days. Joints formed by grafting are not as strong as naturally formed joints, so a physical weak point often still occurs at the graft because only the newly formed tissues inosculate with each other. The existing structural tissue (or wood) of the stock plant does not fuse.","stems, leaves, flowers, fruits",information_extraction Based on the above passage name the regions which is at the North border of Saudi Arabia . Display the results in a comma separated format.,"Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the Arab world, and the largest in Western Asia and the Middle East. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west; Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north; the Persian Gulf, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to the east; Oman to the southeast; and Yemen to the south. Bahrain is an island country off its east coast. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northwest separates Saudi Arabia from Egypt and Israel. Saudi Arabia is the only country with a coastline along both the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert, lowland, steppe, and mountains. Its capital and largest city is Riyadh. The country is home to Mecca and Medina, the two holiest cities in Islam. Pre-Islamic Arabia, the territory that constitutes modern-day Saudi Arabia, was the site of several ancient cultures and civilizations; the prehistory of Saudi Arabia shows some of the earliest traces of human activity in the world. The world's second-largest religion, Islam, emerged in what is now Saudi Arabia. In the early 7th century, the Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of the Arabian Peninsula and created a single Islamic religious polity. Following his death in 632, his followers rapidly expanded the territory under Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering huge and unprecedented swathes of territory (from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to parts of Central and South Asia in the east) in a matter of decades. Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661–750), Abbasid (750–1517), and Fatimid (909–1171) caliphates, as well as numerous other dynasties in Asia, Africa, and Europe.","Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait",information_extraction Extract the members of the band Radiohead in a comma separated list.,"Radiohead are an English rock band formed in Abingdon, Oxfordshire, in 1985. The band consists of Thom Yorke (vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards); brothers Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, keyboards, other instruments) and Colin Greenwood (bass); Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals); and Philip Selway (drums, percussion). They have worked with the producer Nigel Godrich and the cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994. Radiohead's experimental approach is credited with advancing the sound of alternative rock.","Thom Yorke, Jonny Greenwood, Colin Greenwood, Ed O'Brien, Philip Selway",information_extraction From the passage note down the years when global recession happened. List the results in comma separated format.,"The International Monetary Fund defines a global recession as ""a decline in annual per‑capita real World GDP (purchasing power parity weighted), backed up by a decline or worsening for one or more of the seven other global macroeconomic indicators: Industrial production, trade, capital flows, oil consumption, unemployment rate, per‑capita investment, and per‑capita consumption"".According to this definition, since World War II there were only four global recessions (in 1975, 1982, 1991 and 2009), all of them only lasting a year (although the 1991 recession would have lasted until 1993 if the IMF had used normal exchange rate weighted per‑capita real World GDP rather than the purchasing power parity weighted per‑capita real World GDP). The 2009 global recession, also known as the Great Recession, was by far the worst of the four postwar recessions, both in terms of the number of countries affected and the decline in real World GDP per capita.","1975, 1982, 1991, 2009",information_extraction What rank did Elvis Presley hold in the US Army?,"Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977), often referred to mononymously as Elvis, was an American singer, actor and sergeant in the United States Army. Dubbed the ""King of Rock and Roll"", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century. His energized interpretations of songs and sexually provocative performance style, combined with a singularly potent mix of influences across color lines during a transformative era in race relations, led him to both great success and initial controversy.",Elvis Presley held the rank of sergeant in the United States Army.,information_extraction Extract the names of the editors of Transportation Research Part D. Separate them with a comma.,"Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment is a peer-reviewed, international scientific journal which publishes work relating to land, sea, and air transportation systems and their impact on environmental systems. It was established in 1996 and is published by Elsevier. The editors-in-chief are Robert Noland (Rutgers University) and Jason Cao (University of Minnesota, Twin Cities).","Robert Noland, Jason Cao",information_extraction When was Mar-a-Lago built?,"Mar-a-Lago was built for businesswoman and socialite Marjorie Merriweather Post, former owner of General Foods Corporation, between the years 1924 to 1927. At the time of her death in 1973, Post bequeathed the property to the National Park Service, hoping it could be used for state visits or as a Winter White House, but because the costs of maintaining the property exceeded the funds provided by Post, and because it was difficult to secure the facility (as it is located in the flight path of Palm Beach Airport), the property was returned to the Post Foundation by an act of Congress in 1981.",Mar-a-Lago was built between the years 1924 to 1927.,closed_qa Extract the names of the Formula One teams Verstappen was a part of from the text. Separate them with a comma.,"Verstappen is the son of racing drivers Jos Verstappen, who also competed in Formula One, and Sophie Kumpen. He had a successful run in junior karting and single-seater categories – including KF3, WSK World Series, KZ2 and European Formula 3 – beating several records. At the 2015 Australian Grand Prix, when he was aged 17 years, 166 days, he became the youngest driver to compete in Formula One. After spending the 2015 season with Scuderia Toro Rosso, Verstappen started his 2016 campaign with the Italian team before being promoted to parent team Red Bull Racing after four races as a replacement for Daniil Kvyat. At the age of 18, he won the 2016 Spanish Grand Prix on his debut for Red Bull Racing, becoming the youngest-ever driver and the first Dutch driver to win a Formula One Grand Prix. After winning the 2021 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, Verstappen became the first Dutch driver to win the Formula One World Championship, and the 34th Formula One World Drivers' Champion. He won his second consecutive Formula One championship the next season.","Scuderia Toro Rosso, Red Bull Racing",information_extraction "Given this paragraph about rivers in Europe, tell me what are the two longest rivers in Europe.","The commercial and geopolitical importance of rivers is not ranked here. As a transportation artery, a river may unite a region commercially and economically, but major rivers, as barriers to travel, may also form political boundaries between states. The Danube, the second longest river in Europe, is notable for flowing through or past ten countries; the Rhine through or past six. The Volga, the longest river in Europe, unites a huge region of European Russia; eleven of the twenty largest cities in Russia lie on its banks. The Loire and the Po unite important regions within France and Italy respectively. The most important rivers in Europe include Rhone, Elbe, Oder, Tagus, Thames, Don and Dnieper, among others.",The two longest rivers in Europe are the Volga and the Danube.,closed_qa Extract the names of villages in the commune of Dăeni from the text. Separate them with a comma.,"Dăeni is a commune in Tulcea County, Northern Dobruja, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Dăeni.",Dăeni,information_extraction Who were the founding members of id Software?,"id Software LLC (/ɪd/) is an American video game developer based in Richardson, Texas. It was founded on February 1, 1991, by four members of the computer company Softdisk: programmers John Carmack and John Romero, game designer Tom Hall, and artist Adrian Carmack.","The founding members of id Software were John Carmack, John Romero, Tom Hall, and Adrian Carmack.",information_extraction What years did World War II take place?,,World War II took place from 1939 to 1945.,open_qa From the passage provided find the names of the creators of Kafka. Separate them with a comma.,"Kafka was originally developed at LinkedIn, and was subsequently open sourced in early 2011. Jay Kreps, Neha Narkhede and Jun Rao helped co-create Kafka. Graduation from the Apache Incubator occurred on 23 October 2012. Jay Kreps chose to name the software after the author Franz Kafka because it is ""a system optimized for writing"", and he liked Kafka's work.","Jay Kreps, Neha Narkhede, Jun Rao",information_extraction From the passage mention the name of the kids of Nita Ambani. Display the results in comma separated format.,"He married Nita Ambani in 1985 and they have two sons, Akash and Anant, and a daughter, Isha, who is Akash's twin. They met after his father attended a dance performance which Nita took part in and thought of the idea of arranging a marriage between the two. They live in Antilia, a private 27-storey building in Mumbai, which was valued at US$1 billion and was the most expensive private residence in the world at the time it was built. The building requires a staff of 600 for maintenance, and it includes three helipads, a 160-car garage, private movie theater, swimming pool, and fitness center. In 2007, Ambani gifted his wife a $60 million Airbus A319 for her 44th birthday. The Airbus, which has a capacity of 180 passengers, has been custom-fitted to include a living room, bedroom, satellite television, WiFi, sky bar, Jacuzzi, and an office. Ambani was titled ""The World's Richest Sports Team Owner"" after his purchase of the IPL cricket team Mumbai Indians for $111.9 million in 2008. Mukesh Ambani is a strict vegetarian and teetotaler. During the fiscal year ending 31 March 2012, he reportedly decided to forgo nearly ₹240 million from his annual pay as chief of Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL). He elected to do this even as RIL's total remuneration packages to its top management personnel increased during that fiscal year. Mukesh Ambani holds a 50.4% stake in the company. This move kept his salary capped at ₹150 million for the fourth year in a row. In early 2019, a court in Mumbai held his younger brother, Anil Ambani, in criminal contempt for non-payment of personally guaranteed debt Reliance Communications owed to Swedish gearmaker Ericsson. Instead of jail time, the court gave Anil a month to come up with the funds. At the end of the month, Mukesh bailed out his younger brother, paying the debt. In 2021, he was the subject of a bomb scare when a green Mahindra Scorpio SUV packed with explosives was found near a Mumbai skyscraper housing Ambani.","Akash, Anant, Isha",information_extraction "List the three first books written by Dan Brown, in chronological order and bullet point, using the format {book title} ({year published})",,"- Digital Fortress (1998) - Angels & Demons (2000) - Deception Point (2001)",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the second studio album that Taylor Swift released.","Swift signed a record deal with Big Machine Records in 2005 and released her eponymous debut album the following year. With 157 weeks on the Billboard 200 by December 2009, the album was the longest-charting album of the 2000s decade. Swift's second studio album, Fearless (2008), topped the Billboard 200 for 11 weeks and was the only album from the 2000s decade to spend one year in the top 10. The album was certified Diamond by the RIAA. It also topped charts in Australia and Canada, and has sold 12 million copies worldwide. Her third studio album, the self-written Speak Now (2010), spent six weeks atop the Billboard 200 and topped charts in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand.",Fearless,information_extraction Change the following to past tense,Yoo Ji-No is a South Korean football player who plays for Suwon FC.,Yoo Ji-No was a South Korean football player who played for Suwon FC.,information_extraction Extract the family name of the fungus Clitocybe subcordispora.,"Clitocybe subcordispora is a rare species of agaric fungus in the family Tricholomataceae. Found in northern Europe, it was described as new to science in 1969 by Finnish mycologist Harri Harmaja. It is similar to species in the Clitocybe metachroa complex, but can be distinguished from them by its smaller spores, which measure 4.5–6.0 by 3.0–4.0 µm.",Tricholomataceae,information_extraction When did Hawaii become a state?,,"Hawaii became a state on August 21, 1959.",open_qa What color do most people perceive the sky to be on a sunny day?,,Most people perceive the sky to be blue on a sunny day.,open_qa From the passage identify the names of Zeus’s Roman counterpart. Display the results in a comma separated format.,"Zeus (Ζεύς, Zeús) King of the gods, ruler of Mount Olympus, and god of the sky, weather, thunder, lightning, law, order, and justice. He is the youngest son of Cronus and Rhea. He overthrew Cronus and gained the sovereignty of heaven for himself. In art he is depicted as a regal, mature man with a sturdy figure and dark beard. His usual attributes are the royal scepter and the lightning bolt. His sacred animals include the eagle and the bull. His Roman counterpart is Jupiter, also known as Jove.","Jupiter, Jove",information_extraction What is the square root of 25?,,The square root of 25 is 5.,open_qa Change the following passage to past tense,"The episode focuses on two people: an elderly hospital doctor (Aleksander Bardini), who lives by himself in the ubiquitous Dekalog apartment block; and Dorota Geller (Krystyna Janda), a woman in her 30s who lives in the same building and is a violinist with the Philharmonic Orchestra.","The episode focused on two people: an elderly hospital doctor (Aleksander Bardini), who lived by himself in the ubiquitous Dekalog apartment block; and Dorota Geller (Krystyna Janda), a woman in her 30s who lived in the same building and was a violinist with the Philharmonic Orchestra.",information_extraction From the passage name the parents of Hades. Display the results in a comma separated format.,"Hades (ᾍδης, Háidēs)/Pluto (Πλούτων, Ploutōn) King of the underworld and the dead. He is also a god of wealth. His consort is Persephone. His attributes are the drinking horn or cornucopia, key, sceptre, and the three-headed dog Cerberus. His sacred animals include the screech owl. He was one of three sons of Cronus and Rhea, and thus sovereign over one of the three realms of the universe, the underworld. As a chthonic god, however, his place among the Olympians is ambiguous. In the mystery religions and Athenian literature, Plouton (""the Rich one"") was his preferred name, because of the idea that all riches came from the earth. The term Hades was used in this literature to refer to the underworld itself. The Romans translated Plouton as Dis Pater (""the Rich Father"") or Pluto.","Cronus, Rhea",information_extraction What is the capital of the Netherlands?,,The capital of the Netherlands is Amsterdam.,open_qa "According to this paragraph, when was the university of virginia founded?","The University of Virginia (UVA) is a public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. It was founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson. Set within the Academical Village, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the university is referred to as a ""Public Ivy"" for offering an academic experience similar to that of an Ivy League university. It is known in part for certain rare characteristics among public universities such as its historic foundations, student-run honor code, and secret societies.",The University of Virginia was founded in 1819.,closed_qa When did Massachusetts become a state?,,"Massachusetts became a state on February 6, 1788.",open_qa Extract the pupils of Abraham van Strij from the text. Separate them with a comma.,"Van Strij was born and died in Dordrecht. According to the RKD he was the son of Leendert and the brother of Jacob. Both he and his brother were pupils of his father, and after taking lessons from Joris Ponse, Abraham joined his father's workshop. He was a member of the Dordrecht Guild of St. Luke and later its director. His son Abraham II also became a painter, and besides his son, he and his brother took on pupils after taking over their father's workshop. Their pupils were Pieter Rudolph Kleijn, Johannes van Lexmond, Jacob de Meijer, Johannes Rutten, Johannes Schoenmakers, Johannes Christiaan Schotel, and Gillis Smak Gregoor.","Pieter Rudolph Kleijn, Johannes van Lexmond, Jacob de Meijer, Johannes Rutten, Johannes Schoenmakers, Johannes Christiaan Schotel, Gillis Smak Gregoor.",information_extraction What did Stryk study at the Technical University of Munich?,"From 1984 to 1989 Stryk studied mathematics and computer science at the Technical University of Munich. In 1994 he received his doctorate in mathematics and then habilitated at the university. He was then postdoctoral researcher at TU Munich. Since 2000 he is professor of simulation, system optimization and robotics at the department of computer science of the Technische Universität Darmstadt. From April 2011 to March 2013 he was dean of the department. He was visiting professor and lecturer at the University of California, San Diego, and the Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil. Stryk is vice president of Robocup. Since 2018 he has been building the German Rescue Robotics Centre.",Stryk studied mathematics and computer science at the Technical University of Munich.,closed_qa "From the passage provided, extract the sobriquets Tagore was known by. Separate them with a comma.","Rabindranath Tagore FRAS (/rəˈbɪndrənɑːt tæˈɡɔːr/ (listen); pronounced [rɔˈbindɾɔnatʰ ˈʈʰakuɾ]; 7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941) was a Bengali polymath who worked as a poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer and painter. He reshaped Bengali literature and music as well as Indian art with Contextual Modernism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Author of the ""profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful"" poetry of Gitanjali, he became in 1913 the first non-European and the first lyricist to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Tagore's poetic songs were viewed as spiritual and mercurial; however, his ""elegant prose and magical poetry"" remain largely unknown outside Bengal. He was a fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society. Referred to as ""the Bard of Bengal"", Tagore was known by sobriquets: Gurudeb, Kobiguru, Biswokobi.","Gurudeb, Kobiguru, Biswokobi.",information_extraction "Given this paragraph about the Southwestern United States, name the largest cities in that area","The Southwestern United States, also known as the American Southwest or simply the Southwest, is a geographic and cultural region of the United States. Its exact boundaries are not officially defined, but attempts to do so generally include Arizona and New Mexico as the core of the region. Adjacent portions of California, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah are also sometimes included. Oklahoma and Texas may also be included, particularly the trans-pecos ""horn"" portion of the state(i.e. the far western extension of the state of the state south of the New Mexico border, but west and north of the Pecos and Rio Gande Rivers). The largest cities by metropolitan area are Phoenix, Las Vegas, El Paso, Albuquerque, and Tucson. Before 1848, in the historical region of Santa Fe de Nuevo México as well as parts of Alta California and Coahuila y Tejas, settlement was almost non-existent outside of Nuevo México's Pueblos and Spanish or Mexican municipalities. Much of the area had been a part of New Spain and Mexico until the United States acquired the area through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 and the smaller Gadsden Purchase in 1854.","The largest cities in the Southwestern United States are Phoenix, Las Vegas, El Paso, Albuquerque, and Tucson.",closed_qa "Given a refrence text about The Bobcaygeon Independent, tell me when it was established and when it ceased publication.","The Bobcaygeon Independent was the weekly community newspaper in Bobcaygeon, Ontario, Canada. It was established in 1869. Ownership changed hands many times over the years, until it was purchased along with then owner, Citizens Communication Group, in 2000 by Metroland Publishing. The Independent covered everything from community events, school issues & family milestones to local crimes and tragedies. During ownership by the Citizens Communication Group, the Bobcaygeon and Fenelon news teams worked closely together, and from time to time, some stories of general interest would run simultaneously in the Independent and its sister paper the Fenelon Falls Gazette. During ownership by Metroland Publishing, a similar news style was used with common pages in both Bobcaygeon and Fenelon papers, and in the Lindsay This Week newspaper. The paper was officially incorporated into Kawartha Lakes This Week in late 2004 in keeping with the amalgamation of Lindsay, Bobcaygeon and Fenelon Falls into the City of Kawartha Lakes. Today, back issues are available at the Bobcaygeon Public Library for viewing on Microfiche, as far back as the first issue in 1869. Although the paper had ceased publication in 2004, the website Amazon.com still offers subscriptions.",The Bobcaygeon Independent was established in 1869 and ceased publication in 2004.,closed_qa When was the Bitcoin whitepaper published?,,"The Bitcoin whitepaper was published on October 31, 2008.",open_qa Correct the typos in these sentences,Aziz career began on teh legal sector. He worked as a lawyer on Lebanon before being appointed as a jduge in 1947.,Aziz's career began in the legal sector. He worked as a lawyer in Lebanon before being appointed as a judge in 1947.,information_extraction What are the official languages of Canada?,,The official languages of Canada are English and French.,open_qa what is the capital of China?,,The capital of China is Beijing.,open_qa What college did David Gilhooly go to?,"He enrolled in University of California, Davis (UC Davis) initially studying biology, followed by anthropology, and ending with a focus on fine art. While attending UC Davis, Gilhooly served as artist Robert Arneson's assistant starting in 1963. He graduated from UC Davis with a BA degree in 1965, and an MA degree in 1967.","David Gilhooly went to the University of California, Davis (UC Davis).",closed_qa "Given this reference test, what is the daily recommended amount of magnesium for men in the UK?","In the UK, the recommended daily values for magnesium are 300 mg for men and 270 mg for women. In the U.S. the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are 400 mg for men ages 19–30 and 420 mg for older; for women 310 mg for ages 19–30 and 320 mg for older.",The daily recommended amount of magnesium for men in the UK is 300 mg.,closed_qa "Given this paragraph about magnesium, what is the atomic number of magnesium?","Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray metal having a low density, low melting point and high chemical reactivity. Like the other alkaline earth metals (group 2 of the periodic table) it occurs naturally only in combination with other elements and it almost always has an oxidation state of +2. It reacts readily with air to form a thin passivation coating of magnesium oxide that inhibits further corrosion of the metal. The free metal burns with a brilliant-white light. The metal is obtained mainly by electrolysis of magnesium salts obtained from brine. It is less dense than aluminium and is used primarily as a component in strong and lightweight alloys that contain aluminium.",The atomic number of magnesium is 12.,closed_qa When did California become a state?,,"California became a state on September 9, 1850.",open_qa What state was Margaret Hall from?,"Margaret Hall (1876 – 1963) was a volunteer for the American Red Cross during World War I and a photographer who captured images of the conflict. Margaret Hall was a native of Newton, Massachusetts. She was from an affluent family and later inherited and ran her father's woolen mill. In 1899, she graduated from Bryn Mawr College with a degree in history and political science. She was a suffragist who marched in the 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession and also participated in the 1913 Ladies Garment Strike.",Margaret Hall was from Massachusetts.,information_extraction Extract the names of the trophies given to the French Open singles champions and provide them in a bulleted list.,"French Open The trophies have been awarded to the winners since 1953 and are manufactured by Mellerio dits Meller, a famous Parisian jewelry house. They are all made of pure silver with finely etched decorations on their side. Each new singles winner gets his or her name written on the base of the trophy. Winners receive custom-made pure silver replicas of the trophies they have won. They are usually presented by the President of the French Tennis Federation (FFT). The trophy awarded to the winner of the men's singles is called the Coupe des Mousquetaires (The Musketeers' Cup). It is named in honor of the ""Four Musketeers"". The trophy weighs 14 kg, is 40 cm high and 19 cm wide. The current design was created in 1981 by the Mellerio dit Meller. Each winner gets a smaller-size replica and the original remains property of the FFT at all times. The trophy awarded to the winner of the women's singles is called the Coupe Suzanne Lenglen (Suzanne Lenglen Cup) since 1979. The current cup was awarded for the first time in 1986. It is, with a few details, a replica of a cup offered at the time by the city of Nice to Suzanne Lenglen. This trophy, donated by Suzanne Lenglen's family to the Musée National du Sport, was awarded between 1979 and 1985 to every winner until the FFT made a copy. Each winner receives a smaller-size replica and the original remains property of the FFT at all times.","- Coupe des Mousquetaires (The Musketeers' Cup) - Coupe Suzanne Lenglen (Suzanne Lenglen Cup)",information_extraction What is the half-life of Iodine-125?,"Iodine-125 (125I) is a radioisotope of iodine which has uses in biological assays, nuclear medicine imaging and in radiation therapy as brachytherapy to treat a number of conditions, including prostate cancer, uveal melanomas, and brain tumors. It is the second longest-lived radioisotope of iodine, after iodine-129. Its half-life is 59.49 days and it decays by electron capture to an excited state of tellurium-125. This state is not the metastable 125mTe, but rather a lower energy state that decays immediately by gamma decay with a maximum energy of 35 keV. Some of the excess energy of the excited 125Te may be internally converted ejected electrons (also at 35 keV), or to x-rays (from electron bremsstrahlung), and also a total of 21 Auger electrons, which are produced at the low energies of 50 to 500 electron volts. Eventually, stable ground state 125Te is produced as the final decay product. In medical applications, the internal conversion and Auger electrons cause little damage outside the cell which contains the isotope atom. The X-rays and gamma rays are of low enough energy to deliver a higher radiation dose selectively to nearby tissues, in ""permanent"" brachytherapy where the isotope capsules are left in place (125I competes with palladium-103 in such uses) Because of its relatively long half-life and emission of low-energy photons which can be detected by gamma-counter crystal detectors, 125I is a preferred isotope for tagging antibodies in radioimmunoassay and other gamma-counting procedures involving proteins outside the body. The same properties of the isotope make it useful for brachytherapy, and for certain nuclear medicine scanning procedures, in which it is attached to proteins (albumin or fibrinogen), and where a half-life longer than that provided by 123I is required for diagnostic or lab tests lasting several days. Iodine-125 can be used in scanning/imaging the thyroid, but iodine-123 is preferred for this purpose, due to better radiation penetration and shorter half-life (13 hours). 125I is useful for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) testing in the diagnosis or monitoring of patients with kidney disease. Iodine-125 is used therapeutically in brachytherapy treatments of tumors. For radiotherapy ablation of tissues that absorb iodine (such as the thyroid), or that absorb an iodine-containing radiopharmaceutical, the beta-emitter iodine-131 is the preferred isotope.",The half-life of Iodine-125 is 59.49 days.,summarization What are the national languages of Switzerland?,,"The national languages of Switzerland are German, French, Italian, and Romansh.",open_qa What was the main treaty that marked the end of World War I?,,The main treaty that marked the end of World War I was the Treaty of Versailles.,open_qa Correct the typos in this passage,Teh Museum of Lifestyle & Fshion Histor was fnded in 1999.,The Museum of Lifestyle & Fashion History was founded in 1999.,information_extraction "Given this reference text about Jimmy John's, where was the original Jimmy John's located?","After Jimmy John Liautaud graduated second to last in his class at Elgin Academy in 1982, his father gave him a choice to either join the Army or start a business. Although his father wanted him to enlist, the younger Liautaud chose the latter, and his father agreed to loan him $25,000 in exchange for a 48% stake in the business. Initially Jimmy John wanted to open a hot dog stand, but after visiting numerous such stands throughout the summer of 1982, he realized the $25,000 would not be enough for such a venture. After a chance encounter at a sandwich shop, Jimmy John realized that he could open a sandwich shop within his available budget by purchasing premium meats at a neighborhood market and baking his own bread. With the help of his family as tasters, he decided to put four sandwiches on his original menu. Paying $200 a month in rent, Liautaud could only afford used equipment consisting of a refrigerator, a chest freezer, an oven, and a meat slicer. On January 13, 1983, Jimmy John's Gourmet Sandwiches opened in Charleston, Illinois. Due to the poor location of his first store, Liautaud decided to include delivery of his sandwiches to boost sales. He began by bringing samples door-to-door to the dorms of nearby Eastern Illinois University, which he had attended for one semester.","The original Jimmy John's was located in Charleston, Illinois.",closed_qa What is the capital city of Malaysia?,,The capital city of Malaysia is Kuala Lumpur.,open_qa When was George Washington born?,"George Washington was born on February 22, 1732, at Popes Creek in Westmoreland County, in the British colony of Virginia, and was the first of six children of Augustine and Mary Ball Washington.","George Washington was born on February 22, 1732.",information_extraction When was Irina Vysheslavska born?,"Irina Vysheslavska was born in Kiev on February 20, 1939, into a family of great cultural traditions. Her father Leonid Vysheslavsky was a noted poet and her mother Agnes Baltaga was a writer. Several of her ancestors were priests in Greece, Romania and Ukraine.","Irina Vysheslavska was born on February 20, 1939.",closed_qa When did the new building open?,"The new building opened on November 13, 2001, with a dedication ceremony held on November 17. The opening of the Fairview branch marked the first of many mixed use buildings in the county system. The library, with a floor area of 4,000 square feet (370 m2), is on the ground floor, and four apartments are on the upper floor.","The new building opened on November 13, 2001.",closed_qa When did Alaska become a state?,,"Alaska became a state on January 3, 1959.",open_qa "From the passage provided, extract the name of the person that made some fountains in the garden, and how many. Your answer shall be of the format ""{name} built {number of fountains} fountains.""",The chateau has four wings and is surrounded by arcades lining the courtyard. The yard is accessible from the entrance gate and leads to the Italian symmetrical garden. There are also four fountains in the garden by stonemason Jakub Mitthofer.,Jakub Mitthofer built four fountains.,information_extraction When did Florida become a state?,,"Florida became a state on March 3, 1845.",open_qa