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ESSAY: 12 Years a Slave: An Analysis of the Film Essay The 2013 film 12 Years a Slave proved that slavery is a worldwide issue. Indeed, the film made $150 million outside the United States and $57 million in the U.S., with a production budget of $20 million (Sharf, 2020). The movie was based on the memoir Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup (Ntim, 2020). It tells the story of a free African American man who was kidnapped and sold into slavery. Solomon spent twelve years away from his family, being traded from one master to another. Fortunately, the protagonist met a person who helped him deliver a message to his family and friends, who came and rescued him. This movie accurately illustrates discriminatory relationships between white slaveholders and black slaves that stemmed from the dysfunctional system in the country and prejudices in people’s mindsets at that time. The two main ethnic groups presented in this film are White and African Americans, and the three social groups are affluent slaveholders, working for middle class, and enslaved people. The movie starts with the story of a free African American violinist Solomon Northup, living with his family in Saratoga, New York (McQueen, 2013). However, he was abducted by two white men, who tortured the man and sold him into slavery, changing his name to Plat. Before they met, Solomon and these two slave traders belonged to the same middle class. However, the fact that Northup was an African American made these individuals believe that they had the right to withdraw their freedom. The two masters that Solomon had were William Ford and Edwin Epps (McQueen, 2013). The former was kind and religious, while the latter was cruel and sadistic. Since the movie was based on a real story, it indicated that slaveholders had different characters, but all had the wrong perception of race. Although 12 Years a Slave is a film about slavery, the issues of collectivism and individualism are also raised. Specifically, the main character never identified himself as an enslaved man and continued claiming he was a free citizen (McQueen, 2013). However, his counterparts on the plant had a collective mindset, imprinted in them since childhood, that slavery is normal. These people helped each other because they belonged to the same group. Although Solomon tried to become a part of this community, his individual goal to return home was above the collective values. The movie also showed prejudice, generalizations, stereotyping, and discrimination against black people. For instance, when Ford brings Solomon and Elisa to his plantation, his wife expresses her sadness that Elisa got separated from her children. However, she also stated that “something to eat and some rest” could help that woman forget her children (McQueen, 2013, 32:47-32:51). This scene demonstrated the common prejudice about slaves that they were not capable of the same feelings as white people. An example of generalization and stereotyping was how Tibeats, a carpenter, became hostile to Solomon when he showed his intelligence and gave Ford advice. In fact, Tibeats believed that Plat would never be more competent than any white individual because Plat was a “nigger” (McQueen, 2013, 36:35-36:37). Notably, before Northup became enslaved, he never experienced discrimination, but when the main character was sold into slavery, discrimination was the only attitude that he could observe. In summary, 12 Years a Slave depicts the life of enslaved people and slave owners almost two centuries ago. The film narrates a free black man’s life from the moment when he enjoyed his family’s company in the state of New York to his abduction, enslavement, and eventual liberation. Overall, the movie raised such critical issues as discrimination, prejudice, stereotyping, and generalization that allowed slaveholders to maintain this societal structure for a long time. References McQueen, S. (2013). 12 years a slave [Film]. New Regency Productions. Ntim, Z. (2020). Steve McQueen says it took 11 years to create his new anthology “Small Axe” and reveals why producers almost pulled out of his Oscar-winning film “12 Years a Slave.” Insider. Sharf, Z. (2020). Steve McQueen recalls producers rejecting “12 Years a Slave” over false beliefs about black films. Indie Wire.

ESSAY: 20+ Social Media Post Ideas to Radically Simplify Your Marketing Essay Social Media Examiner’s (2021) video on social media initiatives was most useful to me since it provides more than twenty social media post ideas to improve the marketing of any business. This source demonstrates that social media, namely Facebook Business and Instagram, have great power and enhance marketing, promoting organizations through posts, stories, hashtags, and user-generated content. The most useful information to me was about trends, pros and cons, comparison, direct offer, and long-form content. Effective change leadership is important when an organization wants to adopt social media initiatives. A good leader is associated with effective communication, for example, written content on social media. For example, a leader may encourage customers to generate content by creating a hashtag, like #MyInstagramLogo, and inquiring them to share their views on the logo or any other product or service the company offers (They Ask, You Answer, 2018). Leaders should clarify their vision and ensure that everyone understands them. They should lead their employees in the right direction, inspiring them to change. I may encounter the following ethical issues: over-promising, under-delivering, and overstated statements. I would try to provide my customers with honest information about the business and stop making everyone happy to address the first issue. Over-promising can make clients disappointed and lead to their negative feedback. Therefore, it is better to follow ethical principles and make promises only if they can be 100% fulfilled. To address the second issue, I would try to be transparent and honest about the content. If the company claims to deliver products from one country to another in three days, it will need to fulfill it. Otherwise, it will be lying to the clients, thus losing its credibility. These strategies will help me address the above-mentioned ethical issues because honesty and transparency are always valued, and they help attract new customers and make the old customers stay with the company they trust. References Social Media Examiner. (2021). 20+ social media post ideas to radically simplify your marketing [Video]. YouTube. Web. They Ask, You Answer taught by IMPACT. (2018). 5 social media campaign examples from big brands you want to be [Video]. YouTube. Web.

ESSAY: 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine in Global Media Coverage Essay (Critical Writing) The world has been shattered by Russia’s attack on Ukraine in the past few days. Ukraine’s forces have put up remarkable resistance to this attack, but the war is entering an even bloodier phase. Europe could be witnessing the first major military invasion in years. Many people have been displaced, and many Ukrainian citizens have fled neighboring countries for peace. Gunshots and artillery fires have been raining down on residential areas in Ukraine, with several media houses and newspapers reporting the events and sharing the news with the rest of the world. Various newspapers have reported the news differently, with the difference seen in headlines, videos and images posted. The two newspapers covering the events in Ukraine are the New York Times and Le Monde, a French newspaper. While New York Times and Le Monde report the same event, the two use very different terms to describe similar activities. In the recent takeover of the city of Kharkiv by the Russian forces, for example, the NYT headline read “Russian Troops Take Over Kharkiv,” Le Monde , on the other hand, read “La Russie A Envahi Kharkiv” to mean “Russia Has Invaded Kharkiv.” Recently a video of Ukrainian citizens making Molotov cocktail Petrol bombs was shared. The headline in NYT read, “Ukraine Prepare Molotov Cocktail In Kyiv.” Le Monde ‘s headline read “Ukrainian Resistance Using Molotov Bombs.” Because headlines are the deciding factor for people to read an article, newspapers make them enticing. The New York Times uses headlines that suggest this is another world war, while Le Monde downplays the illegality of what Russia is doing. The differences seen in the headlines of the two newspapers are all for the attraction of their audiences; each magazine writes eye-catching unique topics.

ESSAY: 533 U.S. 27 (2001) Kyllo v. United States: The Use of a Thermal Imaging Device Report Table of Contents 1. Facts 2. Issue 3. Holding 4. Reasoning 5. Reference Facts The parties to the selected lawsuit are Agent Elliott and the petitioner Danny Kyllo, and the court initiated in Florence, Oregon. The United States Department of the Interior’s agent used the thermal imaging device to prove their suspicions that Kyllo grows marijuana indoors (Kyllo v. United States, 2001). Plants require consistent heating, and the fact that one wall was significantly warmer than others, according to the scanner, determined the course of further investigation. The agent received a warrant authorizing a search of Kyllo’s house, and the plantation was found there. The defendant pleaded guilty in violation of 21 U. S. C. § 841(a)(1); however, the dispute occurred as the appeal stated that using the thermal imaging scan on an individual’s house violates the Fourth Amendment (Kyllo v. United States, 2001). The Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit was required to revise the warrant’s validity based on the imaging made by Elliott. On remand, the court concluded that using a scanning device was appropriate because it did not expose any private life or human activities inside the house (Kyllo v. United States, 2001). Furthermore, the defendant had no intention to hide the use of heating; thus, their privacy was not violated. Issue Was the use of a thermal imaging device considered a search under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution? Holding Yes. Reasoning The final outcome was on the side of the Supreme Court, which reversed the appellation, and further proceedings concluded that scanning the house and retrieving the information about its internal parts was a search. The technology of the thermal imaging device is not used publicly and considered unreasonable; therefore, the agent was not allowed to perform it without a warrant (Kyllo v. United States, 2001). The court of the first instance was incorrect regarding the evidence approval, and the case’s reasoning forced the regulators to revise the use of technology during investigations in terms of individuals’ privacy protection. The Supreme Court had passed no significant law enforcement related to the use of technology and surveillance. Reference Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27, 121 S. Ct. 2038. (2001). Web.

ESSAY: A Charles Schwab Corporation Case Essay Charles Schwab is a for-profit Corporation whose main business is savings and loans. The company provides banking and asset management services, and financial advisory. It has several subsidiaries – Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc., TD Ameritrade, Inc., and TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc., which are all limited liability companies (“The Charles Schwab Corporation,” 2021). This paper aims to analyze the form of business in Charles Schwab Corporation (CSC). Charles Schwab is a corporation, which is a form of business with some distinctive features. Firstly, its officers are agents, unlike its directors and shareholders, which means that the latter are not involved in the company’s current strategic, managerial and other business decisions (“Corporation,” 2022). Secondly, the corporation is managed by the board of directors who have the right to appoint the officers. This approach creates a balance of managerial forces, since CEOs and CFOs are directly involved in the work processes, and the board of directors, in extreme cases, has the right to dismiss them by voting. In the corporation, shareholders are free to transfer ownership, which means that in critical situations such as bankruptcy, the corporation can be sold to another owner. This outcome is possible because the corporation is an organization that creates an opportunity for investors to profit by investing, unlike an LLC (“Forming a corporation,” 2022). Finally, in corporations, the income is taxed twice: the first time at the corporate level, and a second time if dividends are distributed to shareholders. Thus, the form of business in Charles Schwab Corporation was analyzed. The CSC is a corporation with several subsidiaries and conducts business following the requirements for a corporation form of organization. A distinctive feature of corporations is the board of directors, which has an indirect influence on daily decision-making. Still, in critical cases, it can appoint new officers to manage the company. Corporations can also transfer property rights in the event of bankruptcy or other cases. References Corporation . (2022). Entrepreneur. Forming a corporation . (2022). IRS. The Charles Schwab Corporation . (2021). US Securities and Exchange Commission.

ESSAY: A Clinical Office Assistant’s Attire Research Paper The work of a clinical or medical office worker is characterized by a combination of a large number of administrative operations with medical activities. Primarily, these professionals are office assistants filling out paperwork and interacting with staff (“How to become a medical office assistant,” 2021). As a result, I will be approaching interviews for this job in a professional business style. While the fitting suit can be expensive, I already have the proper formal attire. Using my black formal suit, shoes, and minimal accessories, I can make the right impression without reducing my budget. In warm weather, I can go to an interview right in a suit, and in cold weather, I can add my usual outerwear, for example, an overcoat. Work clothes, theoretically, may require additional investments and purchases. All healthcare workers, including office workers, must wear a special uniform called scrubs, consisting of a short-sleeved shirt and trousers. This uniform is relatively cheap, and a single set of scrubs can be found on Amazon for about $20-$40 (“Medical assistant’s uniform,” 2019). Most of all, in this context, one needs to take care of shoes since these specialists sometimes have to stand or walk a lot. A good pair of closed-toe shoes can cost around $100, but I have tennis shoes that fit the dress code (“Medical assistant’s uniform,” 2019). However, it must be taken into account that many medical institutions issue uniforms on their own, considering them as consumables, so the choice of purchasing a uniform will depend on the rules of a particular hospital. In any case, it is simple and easy to wear, so it will not entail high costs. Reflecting on the points studied and prepared, I want to note that the new information will affect my budget and life plan very little. In the best case, if the hospital issues uniforms, I won’t have to spend any money at all, as I can wear my existing suit for the interview and shoes for work. In the worst case, I will still be within the budget when I have to buy everything for work. Therefore, I can put that $200 aside and mentally prepare for possible demands from my interviewers. In addition, this study showed that the issue of clothing for interviews and work is not a problem for me, and I am already prepared for it in many respects. References How to become a medical office assistant . (2021). Eagle Gate College. Web. Medical assistant’s uniform. (2019). Dorsey College. Web.

ESSAY: A Comic Science Fiction Film “Back to the Future” Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Movie’s Plot: Entertainment and Social Problems 3. Movie’s Main Characters 4. The Temporality in the Back to the Future 5. Film Evaluation and Conclusion 6. Works Cited Introduction In 1985, Universal Pictures released a comic science fiction film known as Back to the Future to entertain millions worldwide. In this fascinating story, the main character Marty McFly agrees to help his scientist friend Doc Brown, but something goes in an unpredictable direction. McFly and Brown are sent back to the 1950s in a time machine, so the viewers can have fun comparing the current and past decades. The main storyline of the film is that McFly is on a mission to get his parents to fall in love again to save his future existence. Such original games with the concept of temporary space are the distinctive “art” signature of the film’s director Robert Zemeckis. Over the years, the film has gained immense popularity and has become one of the greatest masterpieces of the 1980s. Keeping in mind that this movie was made in 1985, it will be argued that the film is great because of its excellent plot structure, character development, and detailed setting. Movie’s Plot: Entertainment and Social Problems Developing a meaningful story is an essential factor in making movies, and Back to the Future does just that. A critical element that made the movie an accomplishment is the plot development. In addition to the fact that the plot is exciting and adventurous throughout the whole film, the film’s creators raise acute societal problems. Finding roots in Barthe’s theorization of myth, Kerrigan indicates the importance of modern films as a tool to understand society and “resolve tensions in our lives” (2). Back to the Future makes people realize the integral value of their decisions and acts on the fate of further generations. Besides, in the context of modern global problems, the effect of “playing” with time in the film may encourage thinking about the human impact on the environment and climate change. Marty and Doc realized how it is easy for minor changes in past events entirely change the future. In this regard, the film’s storyline has some similar patterns to Ray Bradbury’s science fiction short story “A Sound of Thunder”. In short, this story is about how several people used a time machine to go back 66 million years to organize a dinosaur safari. As a result, small interactions with nature made a huge difference when returning to reality – the English letters began to look different, and a completely different US president was elected. The same events could happen in Back to the Future if Marty and Doc committed severe mistakes. As for the viewers, they should realize how plastic pollution and air pollution may influence the world in the future. It is also great to watch films with logical and thoughtful stories. Each plot point has a cause and effect, making it simple to find connections in the movie and why everything later relates. For example, in the first part of the movie, the news on the TV informs the audience that plutonium has been stolen from the state laboratories. Then Marty McFly enters on his skateboard, unaware that the plutonium is under the bed, and proceeds to play his guitar, causing the amp to blow out and knock him over. Thus, in this small plot juncture, the viewer can see the interdependence of numerous factors that determine the nature of the moment. Another example is when a lady approaches Marty asking him to financially support the clock tower. Towards the end of the movie, the film shows why the clock tower had stopped, and Marty was there when it happened, making the first scene relatable to the movie. These scenes are a prime example of how the film connects every stage without leaving the audience confused about what is happening. Movie’s Main Characters Another factor that made the movie such a success is character development. The most exciting aspect is the strikingly different worldviews and interests of Marty McFly and Doc Brown. Doc is a mad scientist; he constantly searches for the next significant invention from the film’s beginning. His character mirrors Marty, who has dreams of being successful with his rock music, but nothing seems to work out for him either. Although Doc and Marty are significantly different, their friendship inspires many teenagers worldwide. Friends do not have to be of the same social or racial origin. Instead, friendship is a universal notion that can break the barriers between different characters and nations. In addition, such entirely different behavior makes the viewers feel engaged in the film’s storyline. Doc’s and Martin’s communication is so unusual and unique that it is hard to miss a minor moment. If the whole family comes to the cinema on Back to the Future , they will find similarities between them and two friends from the movie. The Temporality in the Back to the Future Lastly, the setting was another critical component in making the movie so likable. What made the scene so great was how well the directors could distinguish the time in the past. One quickly discerned the time era difference because certain parts of the town would be missing or not created yet compared to the 80s. Since the movie is based on time traveling, it is essential that the audience can distinctly see what is different and what is going on. For example, during the 1950s, some roads were still dirt compared to the 1980s, which was one of the clear distinctions that the audience could immediately make. In addition, the film is full of references to political and social news and events. Maslin from New York Times indicates that “one of the most appealing things about ”Back to the Future” is its way of putting nostalgia gently in perspective”. A comic episode of Marty announcing to people that Ronald Reagan will become the president of the US, Marty’s mother not knowing the brand Calvin Klein, and all the elements of 1950s pop-culture frame this time. Film Evaluation and Conclusion The art of evaluating films is a complex phenomenon that stays a debatable topic among scholars. The perception of the film can be influenced by political views, the characteristics of watching situations (at home or in the cinema; alone or with friends), the background experience, and so forth (Schnieder 5). Concerning the movie Back to the Future , it allows the young viewer from 2022 to see two different eras of the past. Although this movie was made in the 1980s, its concept of time travel has been an enormous success even to this day. With a strong plot development, creative character development, and a detailed setting, Back to the Future is one of the most memorable movies ever created. It is a great film to watch with the old generation in a cozy atmosphere in the evening. It seems that this film will make the family relationships closer because, during the watching, young and old family members can discuss the differences between the 1950s, 1980s, and 2020s with everyone having the experience to contribute. Works Cited Kerrigan, Finola. “Movies.” Consumption Markets & Culture , vol. 21, no.5, 2018, pp. 503-509. Maslin, Janet. “ In ‘Future,’ Boy Returns to the Past “. New York Times , 1985. Web. Schneider, Frank M. “Measuring Subjective Movie Evaluation Criteria: Conceptual Foundation, Construction, and Validation of the SMEC Scales.” Communication Methods and Measures , vol. 11, no.1, 2017, pp. 49-75.

ESSAY: A Community Yard Sale as a Memorable Event Essay Autumn is not generally viewed as an appropriate season for having a garage sale, not to mention that one on a scale of a local community. However, what makes my neighbourhood particularly unique and different from others is its consistent inability to meet expectations (Pyrkosz 147). Either due to some event that occurred too long ago for any of the neighbours to remember or care, or out of sheer need to have something extravagant in the midst of one of the least unpredictable seasons ever, my community has a massive garage sale every autumn. Although the weather and the lingering threat of health issues complicated the task, the community garage sale carried out last fall was one of the highlights of its members’ public life due to the opportunity to communicate and share memories, objects, and ideas. The range and diversity of the items that our numerous neighbours and community members offered as sales items could easily make one feel surprised. Though being admittedly cheap and often worn-out, these items told exciting stories about the lives of their owners (Hassan 68). For instance, some of the kitchenware sold during the event was quite old, with the style thereof allowing tracking down its origin to quite far back in the past. Though these items were certainly not of high price, they still led to rather fascinating revelations about the cultural legacy of their owners and their fascinating life stories. As it often happens during large garage sales, there was some drama. For instance, one of the neighborhood children recognized one of their treasured possessions among the sold items, causing quite a stir. Luckily, the buyer was understanding enough and returned the purchase, which turned out to be a collection of action figures, without any questions. It was truly heartwarming to observe the understanding and cooperation that buyers showed during that garage sale. Furthermore, it was worth noting that a substantial portion of the money collected during the garage sale was donated to assist those in need. Specifically, those suffering from the coronavirus, as well as members of impoverished communities and several local charities, were provided with a portion of the finances form the yard sale. Though the event resulted in a rather humble outcome, the money donated to the specified parties were definitely used to improve the lives of those suffering inequality and health disparities (Arasteh 867). Therefore, the yard sale was not only an important social event and a chance for the participants to earn some money, but also an opportunity to improve the lives of those in need. Apart from the economic benefit that the community garage sale introduced, the chance to share memories, ideas, and emotions was a particularly important part of the event. Though the concept of a yard sale might seem far too common and, therefore, lacking excitement, it, in fact, represents a unique opportunity to communicate and share experiences for the participants involved. Given the diversity of my community, the process was especially enlightening and leading to multiple new insights. Though the season might be seen as unsuitable for a yard sale, especially on a community scale, it di provide a perfect opportunity to embrace the opportunities that it provided and encourage participants to share their ideas. Thus, the weird yet lovely tradition of our community, the fall yard sale has left quite an impact on me. Works Cited Arasteh, Kamyar. “Prevalence of comorbidities and risks associated with COVID-19 among Black and Hispanic populations in New York City: an examination of the 2018 New York City Community Health Survey.” Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities , vol. 8, no. 4, 2021, pp. 863-869. Hassan, M., et al. “The effect of project management through e-business and garage sales on poverty reduction.” Journal of Project Management , vol. 7, no. 2, 2022, pp. 65-76. Pyrkosz, Damian S. “Cultural and Social Diversity as an Economic Resource.” Kultura i Społeczeństwo , vol. 65, no. 2, 2021, pp. 141-155.

ESSAY: A Complex in the “Every Secret Thing” Film by Berg Essay Carl Jung identifies the mother complex with an innate feeling of care at the center of the emotional attachment between a mother and a child. However, in the absence of such an attachment, an archetype develops where someone’s mother fails to satisfy the essential demands associated with the relationship. The outcome leads the victim, the child, to seek comfort elsewhere (Bobroff 35). At the core of the mother complex is the mother archetype, meaning that in every emotional attachment, between the child and the mother, on the one hand, an archetype nourishing and security image manifests. On the other hand, an archetype that devours possessiveness, deprivation, and darkness comes out (Bobroff 36). In the film Every Secret Thing , a complex emotional attachment between Alice and her mother exists and forms the underlying relationship between the two and the association with the kidnaps taking place. The complex relationship between Alice and her mother places Alice at the center of the kidnapping. Hellen is disgusted by Alice to the point of considering Ronnie her child of choice, a position that makes Alice deeply insecure. Moreover, the tension in interracial affairs is associated with the second kidnapping and having born a biracial child while in prison, and given it up for adoption, Alice becomes the primary suspect in the case (Berg). Alice’s mother, the mastermind behind the kidnap, in the first and second cases, and murder, in the first case, plants evidence to ensure Alice stands out as the main suspect. Hellen, through betrayal and deception, purposely Alice ends up in prison (Berg). Further, compared to the indifference in Ronnie’s parents, there is no emotional attachment between the parents and their daughters. As the film comes to an end, the audience learns that not only were Alice and Ronnie falsely imprisoned, the justice system failed to prove that Helen is the killer. Works Cited Berg, Amy. Every Secret Thing . Sky Movies Premiere, 2014. Bobroff, Gary S. Carl Jung . Arcturus. 2020.

ESSAY: A Customer Told to Wear a Mask Threw Snow at an Employee: Ethical Issue Analysis Essay The article describes a recent Chicago hot dog restaurant incident that can be considered an ethical issue. The incident involved a man who was asked to wear a mask to use the restaurant’s services (Sutton, 2022). In response, the man offended the restaurant employee by throwing snow in their face several times (Sutton, 2022). Additionally, the offender broke the glass door with an unknown object (Sutton, 2022). This incident can be considered an ethical issue because the offender’s actions were disproportional to the situation, apart from the obvious property damage offense. Furthermore, throwing snow at an employee might not count as illegal; however, it is blatantly disrespectful toward an individual. A utilitarian point of view would consider this incident wrong by examining the consequences of the offender’s actions. The seeming reason behind the offender’s behavior is the employee’s request to wear a mask, which is the state’s mandate. Utilitarianism would view the restaurant visitor’s decision to commit an offense against the employee and the restaurant’s property, starting with the consequences of these actions. Since the result is a broken glass door and an innocent employee that suffered, the consequences are harmful. As such, from the utilitarian point of view, the actions can be considered wrong. The Kantian moral theory views an issue as irrational since following the moral law and duty is rational behavior. Offering an innocent individual and damaging the restaurant’s property can be immoral. As such, dismissing the moral law renders the offender irrational in the eyes of a follower of a Kantian moral theory. I believe that utilitarianism is the most logical way to conclude this ethical problem. The reason for that is that negative consequences for anybody can be the best moral compass for almost any decision. The Kantian moral theory is based on moral law, which can be subjective in some people’s minds. As such, according to Kantian theory, some people might disagree that the incident is an ethical issue. In contrast, according to utilitarianism, a negative impact on any individual renders an action wrong. References Sutton, J. (2022). A customer told to wear a mask in a Chicago hot dog restaurant threw snow at an employee and then broke a glass door . CNN. Web.

ESSAY: A Disconnect Between Public Transportation and Destinations Essay One realistic way to commute is using private means of transport instead of public transport. City planning and development make public transportation complicated in the way transportation occurs, resulting in a lack of sense of how it works. As shown in the video, there is a disconnect between public transportation and destinations (Vox, 2020). The underlying reason for the disconnect is the design with which the road network was built. Public transportation was designed to help people commute from outside the cities inwards and vice versa. Therefore, the interstate commute was not factored in when planning public transportation. Most studies show that most Americans today commute between suburban routes that are not served by the public transport system (Vox, 2020). Not only did that result in the creation of car culture, but it also made it difficult to commute between suburbs on foot once public transportation on reaching the designed destination. Moreover, the reality of the use of public transport service is the issue of private space. Evans and Wener (2006) argue that public transportation lies more with density and its inability to capture commuters’ experience in any given space. The issue of social contact increases with density, resulting in unpredictable and undesired interactions. With a lack of appreciation for the private commuter and how to move between suburbs, public transportation makes it less convenient to use when commuting in the suburbs. An insurmountable level of stress is associated with public transportation resulting in a lack of privacy (Evans & Wener, 2006). The experience is made worse, particularly during rushing hours, where body contact increases with the movement among passengers. There must be changes in how the government plans for this form of commute to use public transportation, and the responsible institutions must ensure reliability in how neighborhoods are connected. There must be a leeway with which buses move between suburbs, making it possible to access them. Moreover, time intervals in how the buses reach the neighborhoods are also critical. For example, investing in basic operations on improving fundamental operations is critical in achieving better outcomes in Toronto. Funding by the government on projects associated with improving public transportation would significantly contribute to how the mode of transportation will be redesigned. The major challenge with public transportation is, as established, the lack of privacy. With the long distances covered on foot after using trains and buses, public transportation results in more stress than private vehicles. As such, challenging the pillars of public transportation and restructuring how the system allows for inter-suburb transportation is a key milestone that must be met to facilitate the same levels of convenience as private vehicles. The government must first change its perspective on public transportation by looking at it from a public service rather than from a capitalist point of view. That would mean more investment in operations from a different approach to how the sector would benefit the citizens. Restructuring trains and buses are stopping points to minimize the walking distance between stops and respective workplaces. Currently, this distance is approximated to be 45 minutes, and changing it to let us say between five and ten minutes, will go a long way to improve my ability to use public transportation. The level of convenience would improve, maybe better than with the use of private transportation, and that would mean changing priorities in the means of transportation used. References Evans, G. W., & Wener, R. E. (2007). Crowding and personal space invasion on the train: Please don’t make me sit in the middle. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27, 1, 90-94. Vox. (2020). Why American public transit is so bad [Video]. Youtube. Web.

ESSAY: “A Drug Called Money” The Economist Study Essay The primary source for this study is the general medical journal The Lancet. It publishes the survey data and provides statistics and a comparative analysis of the obtained quantitative information. The Economist can be seen as a secondary source that describes research with less digital content. The study represents a decrease in the HIV infection rate of girls in school by stabilizing their families’ financial difficulties. The World Bank funded the study to demonstrate the value of money in reducing the spread of HIV among young, poor girls. The study was authored by Berk Özler, Lead Economist and Poverty Research Manager. The medical journal The Lancet presented statistics based on a survey in the Zomba district of Malawi (G.C. 2). The Economist later summarized the study with the most critical findings from the analysis. Thus, 1,300 unmarried girls aged 13 to 22 took part in the study. This is a sufficient number of subjects to consider the prevalence of HIV in poor areas. The sampling took place with the help of a computer, so the girls fell into different experimental groups randomly. Thus, a group stood out in which girls and their families were given small amounts of money every month, girls paid to attend school, and girls left without financial support. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the subjects who received the money in both groups showed a significant reduction in the spread of the virus. However, test subjects with no money were forced to look for a sugar daddy. Therefore, in this group of issues, the statistics of the spread of HIV were preserved. Thus, the drug called money is adequate and affects the spread of STDs. The implication is that the global community needs funding to stop the spread of HIV. However, research and further assistance to young girls have several limitations. Firstly, it is hard to understand how much money each person needs to stop looking for sugar daddies and move on with their lives. Moreover, the study was conducted over 18 months, so it is impossible to assess how it will work in the long term Work Cited G.C. “ A Drug Called Money ”. The Economist. 2012. Web.

ESSAY: A Feminist Approach in the Film “Thelma and Louise” Essay There are extremely few films that explore not only female friendships but also delve into the interpersonal connection of women, seeking to escape the restrictions of gender, class, time, and place. In turn, Scott’s road movie reveals the female nature from the inside. Thelma, married at 18 and tolerating her tyrannical husband, is not as downtrodden and tame as many would like to see. Thelma does not agree to condone, so she packs her things, throws suitcases into her friend’s car, leaves a note for her husband, and goes off with Louise for the whole weekend. If Thelma is an amateur adventurer, then Louise is a serious rebel. Her boyfriend Jimmy has no power over her, but rather she dictates the rules to him, although she is forced to endure his constant adventures while she works as a waitress. Louise does not hesitate to shoot the man who tried to rape her girlfriend. Seeing the world through the eyes of liberated women driving merrily into the unknown was an innovation that boldly granted a woman the right to be human. Cooper notes that this is a movie about women who defy eternity and openly neglect social conditions. It has a philosophical background in the immortality of the soul and the lofty value of freedom, which despises even death. The film’s finale proves that suicide is preferable to prison, just as lethal injection is better than life imprisonment. It is a pity that they do not make strong films about women’s struggles in Hollywood anymore; that is why it remains to revise Thelma and Louise from year to year. The current films about women ending with a wedding, and receiving a ring from a man are equated to the moment of personal transformation and self-identification of a woman who is looking for only worldly peace in life. These stereotypical films are forgotten and will never become a symbol of the female spirit, which Thelma and Louise became precisely because it reflects the true woman’s need for freedom. Smith, in her speech, focuses on gender inequality in cinema. As confirmation, the speaker presents depressing statistics. First, according to Smith, less than a third of all speaking characters are women (2:39). The most unexpected thing is that the situation has not changed for 70 years. As my example, I can cite the world-famous film The Lord of the Rings, where all ten central roles are male. Thus, the woman is still noticeably absent from the screen. Second, Smith asserts that in addition to gender inequality, Hollywood films are characterized by racial and ethnic discrimination. It is noteworthy that it is possible to expect changes in this direction. In 2020, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced the introduction of special rules that should eliminate inequalities within the organization itself and the film industry. Rottenberg affirms that starting in 2024, films that qualify for the Best Film award must meet at least two of the four criteria. Among them is the presence of actors from an ethnic or racial minority, 30% of the composition of a woman, representatives of the LGBTQ+ community, a racial or ethnic minority, and people with disabilities. Moreover, there must be the same diversity in the production and marketing teams that work on the film, and the film must represent one of the listed minorities. Nevertheless, women remain in the minority since the requirement is 30%, but women are about half of society. Third, Smith notes that only 4.1% of directors are women (6:00). Moreover, only three of the 886 directors are African American or black, and only one woman is Asian (Smith 6:13). At the same time, there is a pattern between the gender of the director and the peculiarity of the roles in this movie. Thus, the more women participate in creating a movie, the more women appear on the screen, and vice versa. This fact is one of the reasons for the disappointing statistics on the number of women in cinema and the peculiarity of their representation. Therefore, given the disheartening statistics and trends that have taken place in recent years, Hollywood cinema is not a very good place for women. Chelsey, thanks for your opinion. Indeed, in addition to the motif of freedom and independence, Thelma and Louise unfold with a feminist approach, making women as strong as men. The film’s female perspectives undermine and appropriate the dominant male gaze typical of mainstream Hollywood cinema, using mockery as a narrative device to illustrate the sexism inherent in the male gaze. Three narrative devices are explicated that structure the mockery in the film: stereotypes about depraved and testosterone-obsessed men; portray men as a spectacle for female attention; and the celebration of women’s friendships. The result of the tongue-in-cheek techniques is a strong female gaze that resists and defies patriarchy and opens the film’s text to a feminist reading. As for the TED talk by Stacy Smith, indeed, the situation regarding the role of women in the film industry is disastrous. Thus, nowadays, most films are shot by men and many films still represent the male gaze. Works Cited Cooper, Brenda. “‘Chick Flicks’ as Feminist Texts: The Appropriation of the Male Gaze in Thelma & Louise.” Women’s Studies in Communication, vol. 23, no. 3, 2000, pp. 277-306. Rottenberg, Josh. New Oscars Standards Say Best Picture Contenders Must Be Inclusive to Compete . Los Angeles Times. 2020. Web. Smith, Stacy. “ The Data behind Hollywood’s Sexism ”. TED. 2016. Web.

ESSAY: “A Garden Still Life with a Kitten” Painting by Rosa Mayreder Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Biographical Background 2. Artwork Analysis: Gardening with a Kitten 3. Personal Response & Comparison 4. Works Cited 5. Appendix 1 6. Appendix 2 7. Appendix 3 Biographical Background Rosa Mayreder was born in 1858 in Vienna, the capital of Austria, which, back then, was still a great power and one of the centers of Europe’s culture, science, and philosophy. Her father, a rich restaurateur, had no interest in educating his daughters, but, luckily for her, Rosa was only one of twelve siblings and managed to attend her brothers’ studies. Her acute interest in intellectual pursuits earned her some criticism from her family, who thought it was not a feminine quality (Leng 145). However, it did not dissuade her from developing her intellect and her taste for art. As Mayreder came of age, she became acquainted with many contemporary writers, artists, philosophers, and other intellectuals, both in person and through their works. The most notable of those were philosophers such as Ulrichs and Krafft-Ebings, who studied the issues of sexual identity and even approached what would later be codified as the gender-sex difference (Leng 146). Thus, as a young adult, Mayreder already had a good, if sometimes piecemeal education, a solid understanding of the contemporary philosophy of sex and gender, and deep dissatisfaction with women’s social status. With these factors in mind, it should not come as a big surprise that Mayreder became a feminist – and one of the first ones in Austria at that. The key point of her feminist views was that society reduced women to performing very few roles – most notably, those of mothers and wives (Leng 148). She argued that, in order to develop their potential, women had to break free from such limitations and, by assuming the roles traditionally reserved for men, escape the “teleological fate of their sex” (Leng 149). In order to promote her feminist views, she wrote a number of influential papers over the years, engaging deeply with contemporary philosophy as well as the German literary tradition (Looft 73). Her intellectual contribution did not remain unnoticed, and, in 1907, she became the only woman among the founding members of the Sociological Association on Vienna. In recognition of her work and influence, in 1928, the Vienna city council made her an honorary citizen. Mayreder passed away in early 1938, mere months before the German Anschluss of her home country. While most famous for her literary and philosophical works, Mayreder was also a distinguished painter in her own right. As befitted a girl from a well-to-do 19 th -century family, she received formal instruction in painting and carried the interest in visual arts through her entire life. This is clear from the fact that, in 1893, she founded a special art school for women and girls and continued to support it throughout the years (Hochreiter 103). In a way, it was an extension of her philosophical views, as evident from the fact that other founders were also prominent feminists, such as Marianne Hainisch and Olga Prager (Hochreiter 103). As a painter herself, Mayreder became the first woman to be accepted into the Aquarellist club, which speaks of recognition among her contemporaries. While it was not necessarily the rule, Mayreder could use paintings in the same way as she used language- to provoke discussion of women’s social status and the roles allotted to them. This was most likely the case with her 1891 painting named A Garden Still Life with a Kitten . Artwork Analysis: Gardening with a Kitten As the name suggests, A Garden Still Life with a Kitten is a still life painting, a watercolor on paper. It depicts a small garden next to a house wall with a variety of plants in pots and a little kitten among them. In terms of composition, the painting’s center of gravity on a horizontal axis is closer to the right side, as the left one is almost empty, save for one large plant (App. 1). The horizontal shelf housing most of the pots separates the painting vertically into two uneven parts, which relate to each other as roughly 1.6 to 1 (App. 2). The left part of the lower half, with a singular large plant and a kitten, and the right part, with a plant at the forefront, also relate to each other similarly (App. 2). The pattern continues with the plant on the lower right and the space above it, and so forth. This approach clearly indicates the use of the golden ratio to arrange the pictorial space in a balanced and visually pleasing way, in which Mayreder definitely succeeds. In terms of color, the painting is dominated by warm browns and yellows of the ground and the wall and pale greens of the various plants. An occasional sprinkle of pink flowers prevents it from being visually monotonous (App. 1). The painting positively bathes in light, which falls from the upper left corner and is so intense that there are barely any shadows. It is the lighting that is primarily responsible for the tone, as even the large leaves, which would normally be dark green, are almost white under the intense light (App. 1). That to the color palette, the painting radiates the sensation of a hot and sunny day. The brushwork is brisk, evocative, and precise, outlining the painting in sufficient detail and generally avoiding broad and loose strokes. In some parts, most notably the upper left, the strokes can be relatively loose, as if to imitate the leaves blurring against the bright yellow wall in the intense sunlight (App. 1). However, most of the painting uses short and precise strokes that outline the pots, the plants, and the titular kitten in considerable detail. When it comes to the subject matter, one may interpret A Garden Still Life with a Kitten as a statement on the limited opportunities available to women in Mayreder’s time. First of all, attending to a small garden would be seen as an appropriate and characteristically feminine occupation at the time. Given Mayreder’s opposition to restraining women to a few domestic occupations, a feminist subtest is not unlikely (Leng 148). The garden pots on the shelf are cluttered and overlap with each other, as if the unnamed, presumably female gardener tried to fit as much of them as possible into a small space (App. 1). This may suggest that, with the social limitations imposed on the woman in question, gardening remains the only venue of realizing her potential, which is why she pursues it with such vigor. In this respect, one may see A Garden Still Life with a Kitten as a pictorial equivalent to Steinbeck’s “The Chrysanthemums.” Finally, the plants are growing and intertwining wildly and out of control, suggesting that the garden’s confines are as limiting to them as the patriarchal social mores are to women. Personal Response & Comparison My personal response to A Garden Still Life with a Kitten is that it is a very competent watercolor painting, which is more important as a work belonging to Mayreder than on its own merits. The painting hardly resembles the bold strokes and blurred lines of impressionism, which was its contemporary, and is fairly academic in terms of style. Apparently, unlike her thinking and progressive principles, Mayreder’s paintings were hardly revolutionary in terms of style, technique, or composition. It makes sense, given that Mayreder received training in painting since she was a child because it was seen as an appropriate occupation for a young lady. As a result, in Mayreder’s crusade to escape the “teleological fate of their sex,” painting was the means rather than the goal (Leng 149). Instead of trying to revolutionize the ways in which the paintings are created, Mayreder tried to use fairly traditional painting techniques to make a bold statement on social matters. In other words, A Garden Still Life with a Kitten is most notable for being the work of Mayreder as a feminist painter rather than a stepping stone in art history. In order to better understand the painting’s characteristic features, one may compare A Garden Still Life with a Kitten to Ocean , a work of another female artist Vija Celmins. The comparison would be a study in contrasts, but it is exactly what makes it worthwhile. In terms of genre, Ocean is not a still life but a landscape – or, rather, a seascape painting (App. 3). The color palette is dominated by iron greys, and the light falling from above does not do anything to make it lighter (App. 3). Unlike the carefully crafted golden ration composition of Mayreder’s painting, Ocean has nothing for the eye to catch onto – it is just an endless, uniform expanse of cold water. The brushwork is meticulous and thorough, and even the smaller waves in the upper half of the painting are drawn in just as much detail as those at the forefront (App. 3). In other words, Ocean is as different from Garden Still Life with a Kitten as possible while the latter is concrete, the former is abstract to the extreme. This comparison demonstrates the difference in the approach taken by both painters –and, by extension, allows understanding Mayreder’s work better. Celmins’ painting is noticeably abstract and apparently devoid of any political, social, or personal statement whatsoever. It lines up well with Celmins’ own statements – as the author says herself, she does not use her works to reveal her feelings or what she thinks about the current President (“Explore the Art”). In contrast, Mayreder chooses the genre, composition, and subject matter in a way that makes it very easy to see a political statement in A Garden Still Life with a Kitten . If one knows about her feminist convictions – which, in any case, are a more famous part of her life – it becomes fairly simple to interpret the painting as a statement on women’s social status. Hence, the comparison between Mayreder’s A Garden Still Life with a Kitten and Celmins’ Ocean reveals how artistic choices may facilitate or negate the possibility of making a statement out of a piece of art. Works Cited “Explore the rat of Vija Celmins.” Tate . Hochreiter, Susanne. “‘What Women Are Will Not Be Known Until They Are No Longer Told What They Should Be’: Rosa Mayreder and the So-Called ‘Frauenfrage’ In Viennese Modernity.” Crime and Madness in Modern Austria: Myth, Metaphor, and Cultural Realities , edited by Rebecca S. Thomas, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008, 94-116. Leng, Kirsten. Sexual Politics and Feminist Science: Women Sexologists in Germany,1900–1933 . Cornell UP, 2018. Looft, Ruxandra. “Intertextuality as Power: Rosa Mayreder’s Response to Goethe’s Faust and the Cult of Male Genius.” Journal of Austrian Studies, vol. 51, no. 2, 2018, pp. 73-88. Appendix 1 Rosa Mayreder, A Garden Still Life with a Kitten Appendix 2 A Garden Still Life with a Kitten and the Golden Ratio Appendix 3 Vija Celmins, Ocean

ESSAY: A Horror Film as a Form of Modern Public Lynching Essay Horror films have become one of the fundamental genres of cinema, the popularity of which is not inferior to the other styles. The reason for it is the specific reaction of the target audience, namely a powerful emotional impulse. Moreover, it becomes a psychological relief for some persons, which helps to distract from one’s problems. Horror films are not the modern version of public lynching; they formulate a way for people to obtain a strong emotional response through fear. Fear is a primary human emotion, which manifests itself as an instinct for self-preservation, namely a reaction to a potential threat. It may seem strange for one that people pay money to feel such an unpleasant emotion while watching horror films. However, in the essay Why We Crave Horror Movies , Stephen King argued that people aim to re-establish their feelings of essential normality (King, 1). In other words, one tries to reset their ordinary feelings for many reasons. Some are distracting from problems in this way, others get a dose of adrenaline, and sometimes horror films become a way to throw out their emotions in a movie theater and not on other people. Any art must evoke emotion and promote the individual experiencing ethical pleasure. Watching horror movies seems to have nothing to do with the ethical aspect. However, the success of horror movies, to more extent than other genres, depends on the audience’s reaction (Glasby, 7). The strong reaction makes horror films stand out in terms of the criteria for assessing art. Indeed, few people can lag behind absolutely indifferent when watching scary scenes. Besides, the powerful emotional response makes horror films so popular and successful nowadays. To conclude, one identified that horror films do not formulate a form of modern public lynching. They are the one’s method to receive the bright, emotive response. There are various reasons for it, beginning from obtaining psychological discharge and ending to distracting from reality and one’s urgent problems. The audience’s reaction is the key point to evaluating the horror film’s success and why it is considered art. Works Cited Glasby, Matt. The Book of Horror: The Anatomy of Fear in Film . Quarto Publishing Group UK, 2020. King, Stephen. Why We Crave Horror Movies. Web.

ESSAY: A Kidnapping and Robbery Attempt in a Case Study Essay Kidnapping is a crime that involves the illegal seizing and carrying away of an individual by force or trickery, as well as the unauthorized detention and imprisonment of a person against their consent. Thus, in my opinion, a felony of attempt should be punished in the same way as the underlying substantive offence. In the preceding case, for example, one may contend that if Jerry is charged with the real criminal of bank robbery, he must have planned to execute the felony (Roberson & O’Reilley, 2020). Another example is that if a defendant is unable to carry out a murder, the crime is reduced to attempted murder. Even though the suspect did not obligate to the offense, he had the objective to do so, and hence the punishment ought to be the same. Regardless, other elements might have a role in the decision. Nevertheless, below is how I feel the above case should be handled. To begin with, abduction is classified as a second (legal wrongdoing) or a first-degree crime under criminal procedure. The third level of hijacking is a permissible offense classified as a class B felony. Surprisingly, kidnapping is equivalent to grabbing to the following extent. Abduction in the first degree is also a class A-I legal violation (Roberson & O’Reilley, 2020). People are guilty of this offence if they expect an outsider to pay or transfer money or property as a payment or persuade them to stop pursuing a distinct possibility. Capturing may be a problematic criminal concept, especially given the distinctions involving snatching and illegal imprisonment. The differences between snatching, unlawful detention, as well as hijacking must be well understood. Relating to the above discussion, Jerry blackmailed the cashier into assisting him in a bank robbery. Thus, he should not be prosecuted with abduction because he afterwards freed the teller. Nevertheless, he should be charged with attempted kidnapping to hold the bank employee captive and use him as a bargaining chip to depart. I believe that the robber’s aim to keep the teller prisoner is a crucial component because he had to flee when the police thwarted his scheme (Roberson & O’Reilley, 2020). Therefore, holding the clerk should not be regarded as abduction because the prisoner was not moved from one location to another. For the crime of kidnapping to occur, the victim must have been transferred while being detained in grossly illegal custody. Thus, based on that fact, Jerry should not be convicted of the crime since he did not have transportation. Moreover, denying one’s freedom is the most significant aspect of abduction. While Jerry was able to depart the scene immediately, he compelled the cashier to follow him into the bank parking lot. When he gets to the intended area, though, he frees the hostage. As a result, Jerry does not intend to deprive the bank employee of their freedom since he later frees the individual based on the given facts. In summary, the use of force towards the bank teller cannot be one of a separate crime from what is intended by the accused in the first place. Jerry wants to rob the bank, and thus, the crime is robbery. Any wrongdoing that arises from and within this intended offense will be absorbed into the crime itself. It is worth mentioning that robbery is a criminal offense under common law since threats or force are used to take things from another person illegally. As a result, the use of aggression against the bank clerk is an intrinsic aspect of the robbery that cannot be isolated from it. Reference Roberson, C., & O’Reilley, M. (2020). Principles of criminal law (7 th ed.). Pearson.

ESSAY: A Mutation: A Change in the Genome of an Organism Essay A mutation is a change in the genome of an organism. Most commonly, mutations are defined as changes in DNA structure that occur due to disruption of the sequence of genes or the emergence of new genes. In this paper, I would like to talk about spontaneous mutations. Spontaneous mutations occur by chance – for example if a sheep is suddenly born in a flock of sheep with shorter legs; such mutations can also occur in humans. The ADRB1 gene, for example, is responsible for regulating the amount of sleep a person needs each night to function properly. Most humans need eight hours of sleep or more, but about 5% of the population enjoys a slightly different mutant version. Tests done on a mother and daughter who had the mutation revealed the ability to sleep only 4 to 6 hours each night (Servick, 2019). This mutation refers to a type of genomic mutation. The protein encoded by the mutation is a receptor for norepinephrine. This mutation is dominant, autosomal, and beneficial in its effect on the viability of individuals. Changes in the ADRB1 gene occur primarily in humans. However, they can also be in animals, although no studies have yet been conducted. Such a mutation does not affect the human population in the general world. This is mainly due to the fact that it is not dangerous and is not life-threatening to its carriers. Thus, such a mutation is only a positive addition to the life abilities of a human carrier. This mutation is sporadic and is not a dominant trend in population genome changes despite its dominance. I find this example interesting because natural changes in the human genome open up new possibilities for the population. Thus, studying such changes is essential for human development and a deeper study of human capabilities. Reference Servick, K. (2019). This genetic mutation makes people feel rested on just 6 hours of sleep. Science. Web.

ESSAY: A Problem of Racial Discrimination in the Modern World Essay (Book Review) It is no secret that some members of society have more privileges than others. People are marginalized based on their race, ethnicity, and social class. My experience with unjustly treated people was when I saw how an African American woman was not allowed to enter a restaurant due to some unknown reasons. This was a terrible experience as I felt anxious about what was happening in the restaurant. I think people should not be treated badly because of their race. Racial discrimination should be a problem in the modern world. This minor case suggests the greater problem that is unjustly treating people in the context of the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system in the United States is designed to protect and serve everyone. This concept should be inclusive of all races, genders, and other identifying features. It happens more than what the news channels may bring to light, although it should not. Minorities and people who do not meet society’s “norms” are frequently subjected to unequal treatment by those charged with protecting them. In the book, Stevenson writes about groups of people who are vulnerable to being victimized by the system and how he helped people in prison to bring them justice. It can be said that the system is inherently biased toward minorities, and it makes people suffer without any significant justification. A prominent example of this is the case of George Floyd. When I first viewed the footage of George Floyd’s killing, I felt a wave of pain and rage run through my body. Not because I was surprised or outraged because Black women and men have been occurring since long before I was born; rather, I felt impotent. That someone in a position to protect and safeguard chose to do the exact opposite and murder someone so openly and publicly. It’s the same hopelessness that the spectators who witnessed Floyd’s murder must have felt, and it’s the same helplessness that George must have felt as he screamed in his final minutes. The kind of powerlessness that makes you want to take action. One of the lessons of the Black Lives Matter movement is that being non-racist is not enough; we must all utilize our voices to be anti-racist. Because silence might be construed as consent, we all must fulfill our moral obligations to those who are suffering as a result of the battle. That doesn’t just imply a performative social media post; it also entails asking ourselves how we might assist. We can help the cause by having dialogues with friends and family, giving, being socially conscious shoppers, or writing to elected authorities about adopting policies that will result in change. This is what exactly Stevenson described in his book, calling for rational consideration of each criminal case, not being biased, and helping people. We can no longer turn our backs on what has happened in the last year. The suffering of the less fortunate is documented and disseminated for all to see. We are obligated to respond because there is no room for ignorance or inaction. The vehicle for change will be our ability to unlock our empathy for others and combine it with action. Even though many of these deaths were captured on film, police personnel is rarely arrested, prosecuted, or convicted for excessive use of force. A popular clamor for justice has erupted in response to the perceived lack of accountability.

ESSAY: A Retirement Plan Development and Analysis Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Employee-Sponsored Retirement Plan 2. Particular Plan 3. Benefits 4. Risks 5. Automatic Saving Deduction 6. Works Cited Employee-Sponsored Retirement Plan The employer-sponsored retirement plan may be viewed as an employer-provided pooled investment account that allows an employee to use a portion of their pre-tax earnings for retirement, savings, or other long-term goals such as paying university fees or buying a home. The contributions of its employees do not exceed a certain amount or a certain percentage (Ameriprise). The plan is an attractive and relatively easy way for workers to reduce their taxes and savings in the long run. Currently, this plan is a notable option that allows individuals to receive savings from employers for retirement. The plan supports retirement savings primarily in two forms: regular contributions to a company plan or DC 401(k) plan and by government or nonprofit organizations – referred to as 403b or 457b (U.S. Department of Labor). Both plans are funded by payroll deductions, which reduce employees’ taxable income. The plan also provides a transfer option, meaning employees who change jobs can transfer plan balances to the same employer or the same plan. Generally, a 401(k) member can begin withdrawing money from their plan upon reaching age without penalty. Any withdrawal permitted before age is subject to an excise tax equal to ten percent of the amount distributed (above the ordinary income tax that must be paid). This includes withdrawal to pay expenses due to hardship unless the distribution does not exceed the amount allowed as a cap under section 213 of the Internal Revenue Code on an employee for amounts paid during a taxable year for medical care (IRS). Amounts withdrawn are subject to the regular income tax of the member. Some employers may ban one, some, or all of the previous causes of difficulty. To maintain the 401(k) income reduction tax benefit, the law provides that, unless an exemption applies, money must be held in a tax reduction plan or equivalent plan until the employee reaches age. Money is withdrawn before age is generally subject to a 10% punitive tax unless an additional exemption applies. Particular Plan Income taxes on pre-tax contributions and income from investments in the form of interest are tax taxes. The ability to carry forward income taxes to a period when tax rates may be lower is a potential benefit of a 401(k) plan. The income tax deferral option has no benefit if the member has the same tax rates on retirement as it did on initial contributions or interest and accruals. Capital investment income from a 401(k) account is not subject to capital taxes (U.S. Department of Labor). This ability to avoid this second level of tax is a major benefit of the 401(k) plan. Compared to investing outside of 401(k) plans, one pays more income tax, but one pays less tax overall with a 401(k) due to the ability to avoid taxes on capital gains. For pre-tax contributions, I will pay no federal income tax on current income he or she puts aside in a 401(k) account but still pays the general 7.65% payroll taxes (Social Security and Medicaments). I am planning to earn $50,000 in a year and save $3,000 in a 401(k) account that year reports only $47,000 of income on the annual tax return. Benefits Most pension plans provide significant tax benefits. More often than not, money deposited into an account is not taxable income for the employee at the time the contribution is made. However, if the employer provides plans, the employer may receive a tax credit on the amount contributed, as if it were regular workers’ compensation. This is known as pre-tax contributions, and the amounts allowed to be contributed are quite small among the different types of plans. Another significant advantage is that the assets in the plan can grow through investment without the taxpayer being entitled to year-on-year growth. Once the money is withdrawn, it is fully counted as income for the year of withdrawal. There are many restrictions on contributions, especially for 401k and defined benefit plans (Ameriprise). These limits are intended to ensure that high-paid workers do not receive too much tax advantage on spending by lower-paid workers. Risks Unlike ERISA-defined benefit plans or banking institutions that maintain accounts, there is no government insurance for assets held in 401(k) accounts. Plans for sponsors in financial difficulty sometimes have funding problems. At the same time, financial liability is given priority in bankruptcy laws. When moving from one job to another, this should be considered by the plan member as to whether to keep the assets in the old plan or transfer the assets to a new employer plan or individual retirement agreement (Ameriprise). The fees charged by IRA dees can be substantially less than the fees charged by employer plans and usually offer a much wider choice of investment vehicles than employer plans. Automatic Saving Deduction The saver sets up an automated savings plan in which a percentage of their income is regularly put into a checking account on a regular basis. This type of savings is ideal for those who wish to increase their efficiencies without having to physically deposit monies every few weeks. However, the discipline to follow through on savings may be an alternative to the automatic saving deduction. I believe I am disciplined enough to adhere to this alternative, but I still would choose the automated savings method. Works Cited Ameriprise. “What to Know About 401(k) Plans.” Ameriprise . IRS. “401(k) Plan Overview.” IRS . U.S. Department of Labor. “Types of Retirement Plans.” U.S. Department of Labor .

ESSAY: “A Rose for Emily” by Faulkner Essay A Rose for Emily is an excellent example of the Southern Gothic genre. The Southern Gothic is a literal tradition that came into existence in the 20 th century and became popular in European literature. The genre is rooted in mysterious secrets, supernatural events, frightening scenarios, and extreme character duress, which leaves the reader desensitized. The genre focuses on ridiculous and morbid features such as secret passages, draft castles, and laced cobwebs. The Southern Gothic genre explores the antisocial behaviors that confined against the social norms and hinged on the belief that daily life and these social customs were just imaginary. A Rose For Emily creates the theme of mental illness, murders, love-loss that ends up creating a frightening environment for the client, thus suits a Gothic Tale. Firstly, A Rose for Emily illustrates the Southern Gothic genre through the townsfolks accessorizing Homer’s murder. After Emily’s father died, she isolated herself from society, and her house began to decay to smell awful. The judge sent some township men to clean the place, but instead, they sprinkled lime over the property. The township could have helped Emily and discarded the father’s body, but rather, they worried if she needed help (Sullivan 175). It is clear that the townspeople are fond of Emily and respect her. This aspect can be seen when she purchased the rat poison “So the next day we all said, “She will kill herself”; and we said it would be the best thing.” (Faulkner 6). They were in awe of her, but they harbored feelings of powerful aggression. The town did not want to associate with her, yet they cared for her, which pushed her to buy the arsenic to kill Homer Barron. Instead of doing the right thing, the town decided to cover the crime. Them turning a blind eye on Homer Barron’s death shows the element of the extreme character duress in the Southern Gothic genre. Secondly, A Rose for Emily contains the theme of lost love, representing Southern Gothic stories. When Emily met Homer, a foreman, marriage was possible. Still, then issues of her social status arose, and it can be seen when the town murmured, “Of course, a Grierson would not think seriously of a Northerner, a day laborer… grief could not cause a real lady to forget noblesse oblige” (Faulkner 5). Homer’s perspective on his love towards Emily was not accurate, but he spent time with her. However, it was said that Homer was gay and he liked men (Faulkner 6). Emily saw the relationship from a romantic perceptive, while Homer saw it as spiritual. It made Emily terrified of being alone as unrequited love is painful (Liu 198). It led her to purchase wedding items for her and Homer, invite him to dinner, and poison him with arsenic. Hence, A Rose for Emily portrays a romantic love skewed with dysfunctionality as described in the Southern Gothic stories. Similarly, lost love is also portrayed between Emily and her father, just as Southern Gothic themes. Emily’s father controlled her life, making it almost impossible for her to interact with the town and also forbid her from a romantic relationship “We remembered all the young men her father had driven away” (Faulkner 4). There was a falling out between Emily’s father and the extended family due to property; hence she was only left with her father to teach her on love. He also took the role of protecting as seen in this text, “father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip” (Faulkner 4). Emily leaning on her father’s back portrayed more concern about his physical well-being and protecting her. After he died, Emily was utterly lost as she did not know how to love in a normal way. It explains her behavior of not having any trace of grief and why she would tell the town that her father was not dead for almost three days. The love of an overprotective father that forbids her to interact is an example of a Southern Gothic story. In addition, Southern Gothic style is portrayed in A Rose for Emily through appropriation and transformation. The narrator transforms Emily’s innocence into a psychologically damaged spinster. At the beginning of the narration, Emily is used as a protagonist. She used to be the perfect young wealthy lady living with her father. Her privileged status causes her to be emotionally and physically isolated; she becomes erratic with characteristic behavior (Huang 205). At first, she denied the death of his father for approximately three days. The town sided with her, claiming “we knew that with nothing left, she would have to cling to that which had robbed her, as people will.” (Faulkner 4). However, it was difficult for the town to explain how she slept and spent years with the corpse of Homer. Her erotic behavior is also seen when she is asked to pay her taxes by the Board of Abelderm. She gets mad, saying, “I have no taxes in Jefferson” (Faulkner 2). Even after being told that no public agreement excluded her from paying taxes, she continued denying it. Her mental instability is an example of a character in the Southern Gothic story. Furthermore, Faulkner uses Southern Gothic elements throughout the stories. At first, the writer’s description of Emily’s house gives the reader the impression that it contains mysterious secrets (Xiaokang 95). He describes it as “It was a big, squarish frame house that had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies” (Faulkner 1). Homer’s death took place in the same house, and his corpse was left there to rot. The story’s setting shows it was created in the Southern Gothic period. Emily was the last bloodline of his family that had stayed in that town for generations. The tax collectors went door to door collecting taxes which made him a southern gothic. Such scenes and creating a mysterious atmosphere throughout the story illustrate that A Rose for Emily was a Southern Gothic story. The story illustrates Southern Gothic literature through slavery, racism, and oppressive patriarchal forces. Southern Gothic still idolized racism and slavery despite its abolition, where black Americans were still viewed as a class of servants. It is first portrayed by Colonel Santos stating that ” the edict that no Negro woman should appear on the streets without an apron-remitted her taxes” (Faulkner 1). He is racist as he favorably removes Emily from the obligation of paying taxes and makes up a story that his father had loaned the town some money. The book’s setting reflected the slavery element based on Tobe’s treatment. The narration describes Tobe as a negro which denotes racism in the Sothern Gothic era. The author supports this when he says, “They were admitted by the old Negro…The Negro led them into the parlor” (Faulkner 1). We see him being released from his duties after Emily. Tobe had grown old over the years. He was the only life seen on Emily’s property as he could facilitate errands from the market since the death of Emily’s father until he was of grey hair (Xiaokang 94). When Emily died, Tobe disappeared once the victors started arriving. “He walked right through the house and out the back and was not seen again (Faulkner 8). He was released from his slavery duties, an element of the Southern Gothic stories. In conclusion, A Rose for Emily is an excellent example of the Southern Gothic genre. It can be seen from the various Southern Gothic elements presented in the story such as theme of mental illness, death, and love-loss. A Rose for Emily illustrates the Southern Gothic genre by reating it to Homer’s murder. A Rose for Emily portrays a romantic love skewed with dysfunctionality as described in the Southern Gothic stories. Emily’s father controlled her life, making it almost impossible for her to interact with the town and also forbid her from a romantic relationship. It also contains elements that hint the Gothic nature, such as the house description, Emily’s character, the poison she acquired, and Emily living in a crumbling house alone. From the beginning of the story, it generally creates a frightening environment for the reader, vital to Gothic tales. All these elements make Faulkner’s work a Southern Gothic tale. Works Cited Faulkner William. A Rose for Emily Paderborn, De: Verlag F. Schöningh, 1958. 1- 9 Web. Huang, Yan. “An Analysis on Rose in A Rose for Emily.” Journal of Social Science Studies vol. 6, no. 2, 2019, pp. 202-205. Web. Liu, Fuhua. “An Analysis of William Faulkner’s” A Rose for Emily” in the Perspective of Aristotle’s Definition on Tragedy.” International Journal of Social Science and Education Research vol. 3, no. 2, 2020, pp. 197-199. Sullivan, Ruth. “The Narrator in” A Rose for Emily. “ The Journal of Narrative Technique , vol. 1, no. 3, 1971, pp. 159-178. Web. Xiaokang, Wang. “Narratological and Stylistic Analysis of Point of View in Faulkner’s “A Rose for Emily.” Culture , vol. 6, no. 3, 2021, pp. 91-96. Web.

ESSAY: A Spillway and Stilling Basin Design Report Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Methodology 3. Results 4. Discussion 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction Spillways are structures constructed to control flooding as they provide safe paths of releasing waters from floods from dams downstream. In most cases, the downstream is the river on which the dam was constructed. The spillway should clear water in large amounts without causing any form of damage to the dam or other surrounding structures while ensuring that the reservoir levels do not reach maximum (Gayar, 2020). Flood water entering a reservoir while it is already full leads to overtopping the dam. This is the situation that is avoided by passing the floodwaters downstream. Spillways can be controlled where crest gates are provided, which can be lowered or raised to adjust the outflow rate of water according to the conditions. These kinds of spillways are advantageous when the reservoir is complete since the water level will be equal to the level of the crest of the spillway. An increase in water entering the reservoir leads to a simultaneous water discharge through the spillway. This case is only applicable when the maximum level has already been achieved. With time, the water level decreases and goes back to an average level in the reservoir. Figure 1: An Ogee Spillway Energy dissipations are common in spillway systems, occurring primarily at the base. They mainly happen when these systems experience high velocity and form a stilling basin (Mojtahedi et al., 2020). Spillways are constructed based on their suitability to the site in question, among other factors. The different types of spillways are the drop spillway and the over fall and ogee. A drop spillway is designed so that the excess waterfalls on the downstream side of the hydraulic structure are vertical. It is mainly applied in low dams where the construction of a basin to form a small pool is involved. The small pool is primarily referred to as a water cushion, and its function is to dissipate energy. The overfall and ogee are more common, and they can be used on concrete or masonry dams because they have suitable crest lengths for the required discharge. This spillway has a controlled weir in the form of an S shape. The shape conforms to the profile of lower water nappe from a sharp-crested weir. The design head of the ogee crest stays at atmospheric pressure and becomes positive at the lower head, which leads to a backwater effect, and hence discharge is reduced. The pressure becomes negative at a higher head leading to an increase in discharge due to the backwater effect. Figure 2: Design of an ogee spillway Methodology The principle’s objective is the creation of a scale of 1:20 of a spillway containing a structure of a stilling basin. This is because the structures have been designed with the understanding of basic principles concerning spillways and stilling structures. Compared to the actual rivers and dams, the hydraulic structures are small, and their models are a replica of the expected behaviors of the actual structures (Cath et al., 2019). This prevents any disastrous accidents from occurring, which may lead to losses and potential loss of lives. Different energy dissipaters or a combination can accompany the spillways. This should consider the amount of energy that needs to be dissipated and the level of control required downstream. The energy dissipaters should protect the downstream areas from erosion due to the reduction of the velocity of the flow to a limit that is acceptable. The flow to sub-critical conditions from the superficial may be achieved through a steep spillway. This involves the formation of a hydraulic jump to dissipate flow energy in large amounts. It is necessary since a lot of energy may be lost in a hydraulic jump created by steps, blocks, and other apparatus to increase turbulence. A common type of dissipater for dams and weirs is the stilling basin. Diversion of incoming flow can be done using chute blocks and causes a lift from the floor. Stills may also be used at the end of the stilling basin to reduce the flow length and the speed of flow down (Wildenberg, 2021). The remaining velocity jet that may reach the end of the stilling basin is diffused. Obstruction of water flow is also done through baffle piers that allow kinetic energy dissipation. These are recommendations in designing small dams that need a slower steeper than expected. Results Tube X(mm) x/Hd Design MAX 1.33HD 0.5HD 1 -11 -0.18 -300 1050 -880 160 2 0 0 220 -1940 -120 240 3 9 0.14 40 -1000 -160 100 4 21 0.34 0 -580 -200 160 5 36 0.59 -80 -620 -300 80 6 52 0.85 -40 -720 -220 40 7 67 1.1 80 -520 160 200 8 82 1.34 0 -60 80 40 9 95 1.56 100 0 140 80 Table 1: Data from lab The table above shows lab results of the values from the experimentation of the pressure heads along the spillway due to different conditions. Figure 3: Pressure Crest Curve Discussion The measured flow rate was obtained to be 2.98 m 3 s -1 m -1 of the 3m 3 s -1 m -1 from the results of the laboratory model. A flow rate of 5.66m 3 s -1 m -1 was obtained as the measurement of the discharge. The negligible differences achieved from the different scenarios prove that the tool used to design the spillway and the stilling basin was effective. A minimal error of 0.7% was achieved through the rating curve verified by the Froude scale when incorporated into the laboratory experiment. The pressure levels recorded were expected, with the lowest pressure from the max flow being -1940. Positive pressures were assigned to fewer discharges than the design discharge, while negative ones were assigned to discharge above the design discharge. A downstream water depth of 2m and a stilling basin length of 16m were obtained. Calculations proved that the stilling basin had to be raised by 0.603m to achieve the desired 2m water tail; hence, it was insufficient to accommodate the hydraulic jump. Therefore, this would not be suitable for real-life application over a long period. If so, the hydraulic jump would lead to a large volume of energy, causing erosion on the riverbed (Debabeche, 2021). Observations showed that the hydraulic jump would move downstream due to the lowering of the tailgate and upstream due to the raisin of the tailgate. The application of chute blocks enabled observation indifference of behavior in the water. They were placed in the basin where a hydraulic jump and dissipated energy were created once the water was crushed into them. This meant that the water could move the hydraulic jump in the basin. Such movement creates pressure that favors the working of the spillway system and the stilling basin in a manner that prevents flooding. Applications of these methods in real-life situations are likely to be costly; therefore, careful considerations must be made. Conclusion As proved from the design calculations, the Stilling basin had to be 16m in length. This length takes into consideration the hydraulic jump during the design discharge. Measurement of the stilling basin proved it to be around 1m reflecting a prototype model of 20m having the tailwater of 2m in depth. Results from the model test show that the stilling basin and the spillway design will perform effectively. The measured pressure head proved that the spillway was well designed since it did not exert pressure on the spillway. Model testing assured the theory of the design of the stilling basin due to the incorporation of the hydraulic jump. Incorporation of the chute blocks and hydraulic jump into the design is likely to involve a lot of additional costs. The engineer should know which method to use to save on costs while maintaining efficiency at the same time. Scaled models are used during the design of spillways to predict the kind of conditions to be implemented to be effective. Hydraulic engineers continue to implement this strategy, saving them time while maintaining efficiency. The designs and the results should be cross-checked and proved to be correct as the results of the opposite may be hazardous. Necessary changes ought to be made on the designs before the commencement of construction activities. Knowing the test results gives the go-ahead for work to begin through building the actual structures. References Cath, T. Y., Hering, A. S., Holloway, R W., Newhart, K. B. (2019). Data-driven performance analyses of wastewater treatment plans: A review. Water Research 157, 498-513. Debabeche, M., Hafanaoui, M. A. (2021). Numerical modeling of the hydraulic jump location using 2D Iber software. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment 7(3), 1939-1946. Gayar, A. E. (2020). Impact assessment on water harvesting and valley dams. Int. J. Agric. Inven 5, 266-282. Mojtahedi, A., Soori, N., Mohammadian, M. (2020). Energy dissipation evaluation for stepped spillway using a fuzzy inference system . SN Applied Sciences 2(8), 1-13. Wildenberg, S. D., Valance, A., Roche, O. (2021). Experimental assessment of the effective friction at the base of granular chute flows on a smooth incline. Physical Review E 103(4), 042905.

ESSAY: A Supporting Human Resource Plan for an Organizational Strategy Essay The organizational strategy involves the expansion of healthcare institutions in sub-Saharan Africa. Unlike the typical medical services in the field, the institutions would comprise medical records management employees and other statistical professionals. The need for this expansion into the open offices of sub-Sahara Africa can be explained by its rising business and investment opportunities for the particular area through the past decade (Omilola & Sanogo, 2020). High demand for a group of employees to relocate to the chosen destination can then be noted. Considering the political and economic value of each country, it would be best to initially arrange the expansion to the most developed and largest countries of the area. Therefore, the targeted countries include Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. Moreover, additional countries and locations can be proposed to ensure adequate healthcare development once the business relocation proves successful. The total number of supported relocating employees for all three countries should not exceed thirty per office to allow maximum productivity and financial coverage. Employees with different levels of experience and expertise will receive varying bonuses and pay changes. However, it is important to establish general policies for all relocating workers. In that way, the move must not compromise the employee’s previous health state and lifestyle (Oyelere & Oyelere, 2021). Commissaries, banking, and currency exchange make up an essential part of the adjustment process and must therefore be provided by the company. The location of the offices would then be close to the leading establishments necessary for domestic purposes. Furthermore, the contrasting climate conditions are to be considered as well, requiring both a medical checkup before the move and setting up urgent-care stations reserved for emergencies. The health of medical professionals and other employees is a particularly principal aspect to plan due to the nature of the business field. The organization should set an assignment length of one year to gain the necessary data while also building the company’s experience. Research has indicated an increasing number of short-term relocations for problem-solving purposes (Pucik et al., 2017). This statistical finding suggested higher productivity and increased work efficiency in the case of one-year assignments. Consequently, families should consider the disadvantages of traveling in favor of the company’s interests. It is possible that some employees would not choose to relocate with their families for a short period for evident reasons; the move may be inconvenient. Moreover, while a one-year-long assignment is officially recommended, additional work months can be added in specific cases. For instance, in the case of the business goals not being reached or a new project appearing. As previously mentioned, the decision to relocate along with one’s family would be reviewed by the employees themselves and financed accordingly by the organization. Depending on the structure of each family, including the number and ages of any children, particular arrangements would be necessary. Before organizing the details, each worker must fill out a form indicating the essential information on their moving family members (if any), including any children and their current level of education. One optimal option for incoming school children involves international schools, which would provide an environment of minimal cultural shock and language barriers. One school for all is recommended to ensure an organized arrangement of the employee’s children in the educational field. Similar to the school grouping, housing the employees would have to be based in its compound of apartments. This decision allows for both safety precautions to be considered and a unified method of financial distribution. Since the planned assignment’s length does not exceed a year, the prospect of the employees selling their housing units is unlikely. Therefore, the suggested plan comprises selecting an apartment block in a safe environment near the school and the workplace. While the organization can compensate for the apartment rent, additional charges, such as water and electricity tariffs, are to be covered by the employees accordingly. The apartments would be similar to each other in terms of furniture and layout, while particular arrangements can be made for larger families. Essentially, communicating the main points and key details of housing plans with the employees before official relocation statements is a vital step to ensure their satisfaction with the level of organization. On the other hand, company managers must be aware of the required conditions to calculate the costs and optimal solutions for the business corporation. Finally, the organizational strategy must follow the company guidelines while guaranteeing minimal employee stress due to the relocation. Indeed, the main objectives of the business plan must be achieved to improve the healthcare field of several sub-Saharan African countries. In that way, the company’s global impact will also increase in direct proportion to the efficiency of its employees. While funding the workers’ main traveling and family expenses, a safe and shared environment can be offered. Ultimately, the one-year assignment length ensures the mentioned goals are reached while demonstrating the organization’s beneficial mobility. References Omilola B., and Sanogo N.A. (2020). Business and investment opportunities in healthcare in Africa. Public Health Open Journal, 5 (1): 11-13. Web. Oyelere, M., and Oyelere T. (2021). Financial and managerial aspects in human resource management: A practical guide . Emerald Publishing Limited . Web. Pucik, V., Evans, P., Björkman, I. and Morris, S. (2017). The global challenge: International human resource management (3rd ed.). Chicago, IL: Chicago Business Press.

ESSAY: A Survivor’s Tale: Maus by Spiegelman Essay In his graphic novel, Spiegelman uses a literary device known as anthropomorphism to show the difference between races, including Americans, the Germans, and the Jews. This device makes the severe issue seem simpler to understand, and the readers pay more attention to the ideas expressed by the author. In Maus , Spiegelman portrays the horrors of the holocaust and reminds the readers that the holocaust’s victims and survivors also had their own lives and dreams. The first section to be discussed is Chapter 1 – “The Sheik.” In this section, the main character Artie asks his father Vladek to tell him about his life during the war. Instead of describing the horrors Vladek faced during the holocaust, he prefers to tell his son about his happy and careless life in 1935 (Spiegelman, 1980, pp. 13-23). This desire to recall the good old days proves that the victims of the war prefer to remember the pleasant times. The second section is Chapter 3- “Prisoner of War.” In this part of the novel, Vladek talks about the first events he witnessed as a soldier. Interestingly, Vladek remembers the name of a soldier he killed, and this detail shows that even during the terrible events, one’s brain catches the small and unmeaningful things (Spiegelman, 1980, p. 50). Finally, Vladek says that he was reunited with his family, and this event matters more than what he experienced as a prisoner of war. The third part to analyze is Chapter 5 – “Mouse Holes.” This section shows that, for many mice, war is a series of difficult decisions that must be made in order for them to try to survive (Spiegelman, 1980). Even when parents learn about the death of their children, they need to keep a cold mind so as not to get caught by the cats. To draw a conclusion, one may say that this graphic novel is a unique literary work about World War II. In these comic drawings, Spiegelman managed to portray the horrors of the holocaust and those little but meaningful things that supported the victims and helped some of them to remain hopeful. Despite the fact that the war was full of violence and murders, the author shows the irony of the situation – the Germans are just animals who imagine they are better than others. Reference Spiegelman, A. (1980). Maus: A survivor’s tale . Penguin Books.

ESSAY: A Visit to the Holocaust Museum Houston Essay I visited the Museum on Saturday 12 February this year from 9 am to 5 pm. The Holocaust Museum Houston serves as a monument and strives to teach people about the consequences of cruelty and prejudice, as its motto and tagline “Stop Hate.” “Let’s begin here”(Holocaust Museum Houston, 2022). The museum emphasizes the perils of intolerance, bigotry, and apathy by drawing on the lessons of the Holocaust and other massive genocides. There is fear that if these sins are ever allowed to get out of hand, another mass massacre on a scale much bigger than the Holocaust could occur. “Bearing Witness: A Community Remembers,” a permanent display at the museum, conveys the Holocaust story directly from the source. The exhibition revolves around the lives and encounters of Holocaust survivors who eventually settled in the Houston Area. This museum allows tourists to study the life of the Jews in a chronology like fashion, starting with Pre-War Europe and concluding at the end of World Conflict. Upon entering the show, the management offered an image of Jewish art and society in pre-war Europe. The museum is very young, and it features several intriguing and unusual displays. The museum’s interactive aspect was one of my favorites since it offered depictions of natural occurrences. The museum included several additional sections where one could learn unique parts of African American culture, and a traditional African American dance was among the new things known. I spent much time in the Sports exhibit, which featured mementos from players like Gabby Douglas, Serena Williams, and others and the music exhibit demonstrated the uniqueness of this museum. The Holocaust Museum was the most significant stop, and I learned a lot. It gave everyone present a genuine representation of what transpired during the era of the Holocaust. Apart from being the most sensitive of the visitors to this museum, I gained more information and expertise. Through the drawings, I learned about how the two Holocaust survivors, among other things. It was incredible to hear from those who had been there and witnessed it firsthand. The Holocaust was a period of prejudice against people of many races and beliefs and a terrible time for tens of thousands of people. It felt like back to the 1944 era during World War II while walking around the room looking at all the numerous relics and documents related to the Holocaust. During the way to the rail car, the sorrow of the casualties of this horrible period hit me hard. There was a confined and uneasy atmosphere in the car, with only eight individuals onboard. An instruction stand indicated that the management would put 50 people in there for travels that would last days at a time. The Holocaust Museum was informative, but I hoped to see more stuff. The highlight for me is a full-size train car, which gives you an impression of the dread victims experienced on their journey to a much worse destination. I spent most of the time in the museum reading literature on the walls; that is why I was disappointed. I would expect museums to fill the more tactile element of things in an era where you can obtain information on almost anything with your phone. A tiny model of a detention camp, for example, would help one understand the scale of the organization and how well-planned it was. They did not just walk into a park and begin doing bad things; there was still a lot of preparation involved, which shows these people’s nefarious schemes. Reading about Holocaust is not the same as experiencing it. I realize it is a sensitive issue, and I am delighted the museum exists in its current form, but there may be potential for improvement. After the Holocaust, learning about medicine provided a strong foundation for professional identity construction. As a result, this history can ideally “equip” learners with a moral conscience for maneuvering the destiny of medical practice and its inherent ethical challenges. These challenges include bias, assisted reproduction, allocation of resources, obtaining fully informed consent, end-of-life care, and genome sequencing and technology expansion. Medicine in Holocaust education is essential for raising awareness of the possibility for implicit bias to impact healing connections. Every person should visit the Holocaust Museum Houston as it is fascinating, instructive, and sobering, serving as a necessary reminder of why it is essential to remember the past. The museum is full of relics, text panels, and film reels from the Holocaust to educate students and the general public about the hazards of hatred and bigotry in society. The Holocaust is predominantly central since the entire world watched it develop. Today, individuals commemorate the Holocaust to teach themselves that there is a need and space to do better as global citizens. When students study the Holocaust, confrontations with difficult questions of morality that often do not have clear answers face them. Education about the Holocaust encourages people to consider how they should behave in society. While Holocaust provides vital historical lessons for the present and future, it also puts individual rights and social justice issues at the forefront. Reference Holocaust Museum Houston. (2022). Web.

ESSAY: A Web-Based Information Project Feasibility Analysis Report The creation of a web-based system to store the university’s information on students and their transcripts presents certain risks that need to be addressed in the feasibility report. Using the standard risk evaluation process, it is possible to differentiate the risks into two large groups. These are risks to the continuation and completion of the project and risks to the end product’s performance after the project has been completed. The risks to the continuation and completion of the project are as follows: * Unforeseen delays and time expenditures. It is possible that the project’s implementation will be more complex than anticipated, requiring more time; * Individuals participating in the project might become sick and slow down production; * The available hardware and software may malfunction. The risks for the performance of the end product are as follows: * The product might not be secure enough to be allowed to work with personal student data; * The product would be economically unfeasible to run; * The product would not perform adequately to the university’s requirements. Time-related problems could be identified by comparing the progress made with the timeline developed before starting the project. Functionality and requirements risks can be discovered by matching the product against its requirements for it, as well as through testing during specific project milestones. Potential time constraints and personnel/hardware breakages can be accounted for by allocating more time to the project than initially estimated to allow for replacements to be made. Countering the risks associated with site performance would be more difficult and largely have a reactionary nature, should some of them not be discovered and remedied during the product testing phase.

ESSAY: ABC Company’s Financial Health Essay The computation of the three ratios Return on Assets (RoA) Return on Equity (RoE) Profit Margin The purpose and information conveyed by each ratios The three ratios presented and computed in the previous section represent vital profit generation indicators for a modern commercial organization. The return on assets (RoA) shows how well the company utilizes the entirety of its assets, including the borrowed ones, to generate financial returns. The return on equity is largely similar to this metric, but it does not consider the debt of the company (Gallo, 2016). Finally, the profit margin is one of the most important indicators of financial health, as it draws a direct comparison between sales and profits, showing how much the company actually earns from its operations. ABC Company review on three ratios First of all, the ABC Company’s business model can be deemed successful, as it generates adequate profits. Optimal returns on equity and assets show that the investors can reasonably expect returns on their participation in the company’s financing. The profit margin is also considerable, which means that this aspect of the firm is handled well. The profitability of the company Overall, the ABC Company remains a profitable enterprise that successfully converts its assets into revenues. The profit margin is over 50%, which is commendable, even though the overall turnover is below $1 million. Therefore, the business model on its own functions well, allowing the ABC Company to retain a stable position on the market. However, it may not suffice for the sustained growth in the long-term. ABC Company financial successful While the ABC Company’s financial statement may present positive indicators, it would be unwise to consider the company in isolation. Instead, it appears to interesting to compare the entity’s performance against the industry’s leaders to identify the areas in which it excels or where the improvements are needed. First of all, the return on assets is provided by Rose (2022), indicating that the industry’s average was set at 9.1-9.3% across the past four years. The ABC Company’s figures are considerably higher at the moment with 28.3%, but it is important to note that its absolute cash flows are not on par with the industry’s leaders. Thus, it is possible that the ABC Company’s ratios will become lower as the entity continues to grow. This difference becomes particularly evident when the income levels are compared with the industry’s average figures. As far as net income is concerned, the industry has averaged at $4.7 million in 2020. The ABC Company is far from this level, as its net income is only $77,000, which implies that it still has a long growth phase ahead. Furthermore, the industry’s leaders, such as Williams-Sonoma, have hundreds of millions of sales, whereas the ABC Company only has half-a-million. As the total assets of the company increase, there is no guarantee that its profit margins and returns on investment will remain equally high. Under these circumstances, the emphasis will be on maintaining the profitability of operations above the average level across the industry. References Gallo, A. (2016). A refresher on return on assets and return on equity . Harvard Business Review. Web. Rose, A. (2022). Small specialty retail stores in the US . IBIS. Web.

ESSAY: Abjection and Subjectivity in Toni Morrison’s “Sula” Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Background 3. Concept 4. Plot Analysis 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction Toni Morrison says in her article “Unspeakable Things Unspoken: The Afro-American Presence in American Literature” that “the trauma of racism is, for the racist and the sufferer, the extreme disintegration of the self, and has usually appeared to me a cause (not a symptom) of insanity” (Morrison, 1988, p. 141). Most of Morrison’s works excel in bringing to light this shattered self via depictions of the “unimaginable.” Individuals who are outcast, abandoned, deserted, or perverted; those who maim themselves, murder people, or commit suicide are shown as ordinary participants of Morrison’s imagined society. Owing to the internal division caused by white, racist culture, these persons inevitably mistreat or harm themselves or others, whether emotionally, physically, or socially abject. Morrison presents individuals in her works who battle with love, marriage, and parenting, all common settings of adversity, as well as racial adversity that is both their inheritance and affliction in white culture. As will be seen in Sula , the latter invariably affects the former’s characteristics. Morrison also demonstrates how, while the abject persona generated by racism is abhorrent, the abject boundaries of humanity are nevertheless essential and, in the end, unavoidable. Sula by Toni Morrison depicts a more nuanced link between abjection and selfhood in which an individual abjected by white Americans is equally subject to a variety of circumstances inside their racial community. Background Toni Morrison started composing Sula more than fifty decades ago. This was a period of intense mobilization among African Americans and many others fighting for civil rights and social equality (Middleton, 2016). The novel explores racism, discrimination, and oppression against African Americans. It illustrates the anguish individuals have when they cannot find respectable work and the resilience of many to live. Case in point, Eva chops her leg to earn money to support her household. The author demonstrates how, when confronted with racist conditions, a number of folks were forced to crawl to whites, as Helene acts on a passenger train to the South. On the contrary, some responded, like Sula demonstrates when she confronts young white lads bullying her and Nel. The work garnered favorable reviews from commentators, who lauded her evocative descriptions, excellent characterization, beautiful style, and succinct, realistic conversations (Thurman, 2021). Accordingly, it remains one of the best books written by the author. Broadly, Sula is set at the start of the 1900s in the tiny Ohio town of Medallion. It follows the narrative of two black friends, Sula and Nel, during their adolescence up to maturity and, ultimately, Sula’s demise. The author based her narrative of obedience and resistance on her small-town, Midwestern youth (Middleton, 2016). Sula may also be understood as a tale about the African-American struggle in the first decades of the twentieth century. Thus, it is not merely a novel that talks about the relationship and competition between Sula and Nel. As the story opens, African Americans in the U. S. are living in terror and squalor. Post-Civil War, Blacks were emancipated from enslavement, but they were still subjected to various types of economic subordination and social discrimination (Middleton, 2016). In reality, African Americans have practically limited legal or political authority, allowing racist whites to exploit and rule them irresponsibly. According to Middleton (2016), the goal was that African Americans would acquire political freedom by participating in World War I, but this proved to be mainly false. Despite the black community’s devotion to the U.S. throughout the war, Woodrow Wilson’s administration showed little interest in extending additional legal and political safeguards. Morrison refers to the ungrateful contribution of African-Americans during World War I through the figure of Shadrack—a youthful, muscular African American who battles in Europe and comes home a shattered man. Lastly, Morrison’s work refers to the African American community’s economic background in America. In the 1930s and 1940s, blacks obtained certain legal rights, mainly due to establishing their enterprises and increasing their income (Middleton, 2016). Two to three decades later, the book concludes that there were an increasing number of affluent black households, but most African Americans continued to face severe discrimination in the U.S. Although blacks had additional income and privileges than in previous years, they remained generally relegated to impoverished, segregated areas isolated from whites. Concept Body theories are especially relevant for feminists since the body has traditionally been connected with the feminine. Typically, women or females have been disparaged as feeble, immoral, dirty, or decomposing. Kristeva hypothesized the relationship between body and mind, nature and culture, soma and psyche, and matter and representation in her literature throughout her active writing. She claimed that representation both discharges physical urges and that the rationality of meaning is actively functioning in the material body (Kristeva, 2017). Kristeva creates a concept of abjection in “Powers of Horror” that has proven valuable in identifying domination mechanisms. She defines abjection as a psychological activity in which subjective and collective identities are formed by rejecting everything that threatens one’s own (or company’s) boundaries (Kristeva, 2017). The primary danger to the developing subject is their reliance on the mother body. As a result, abjection is inextricably linked to the caregiving role. The corpse, which horrifically reminds humans of their physicality, perfectly illustrates what produces such a response. Nevertheless, other objects may evoke a comparable reaction, including exposed wounds, feces, filth, and many more. Kristeva expressly ties the abject with the emergence of the real into human life. She equates this kind of reaction with the human rejection of death’s relentless physicality (Kristeva, 2017). Human reaction to these abject things re-energizes what is fundamentally a pre-linguistic reaction. Kristeva is cautious to distinguish awareness of death or its purpose (which may coexist inside the symbolic order) from the horrific sensation of being faced with the actuality that gruesomely displays one’s mortality. Kristeva chose to publish on the forgotten, concerning what people do not wish to see, smell, or experience. She distinguishes the object and the abject, which seems related to the Freudian mechanism or method of inhibition, denial, and denunciation inherent in the creation of the human individual (Kristeva, 2017). Thus, the abject is an individual’s history or hidden awareness. Abjection is a by-product of the oldest and most forgotten fight to free oneself from the maternal parent, who is unwilling to acknowledge the symbolic domain. However, symbolism alone is insufficient to establish the divide. To remove the infant from the mother, the latter must be rejected: “The abject would therefore become the target of primordial repression” (Alexander, 2019, p.21). The mother is rejected via hygiene routines, toilet instruction, and dietary behavior, among other things. Even if the mother feels alienated from her own body as a result of these harrowing experiences, it is still possible to reconcile with it. Overtly, abjection in literature is a feeling that an author might evoke using imagery or the personalities of their protagonists. This feeling leads to a disconnect between the body and self, which ultimately destroys. This is shown in Sula through characters such as Sula, Eve, and Nel. Plot Analysis Morrison’s Sula concerns Nel Wright and Sula Peace’s friendship, as well as how the black neighborhood of Medallion, Ohio, dreads the eccentric and unmarried Sula. Nel and Sula were bred in rather contrasting families. Nel’s is clean, well-organized, and hygienic. When Helene, Nel’s mother, embraces a subservient, endearing demeanor toward a white train conductor, the occasion is introduced as meaningful in Nel’s personality creation: “An eagerness to please and an apology for living met in (Helene’s) voice… Like a street pup wagging its tail at the very doorjamb of the butcher shop he had been kicked away from only moments before, Helene smiled” (Morrison, 1998, p. 20). Nel learns to secretly detest her own blackness from her mother. The message is delivered publicly and privately, with Helene reprimanding her daughter at home, stating, “Honey, do not simply sit there. You can pull your nose “to make it slimmer (Morrison, 1998, p. 28). Notwithstanding these negative sentiments, Nel looks in the mirror following their train ride south and experiences a deeper awareness of herself: “She got out of bed and turned on the lamp to check herself in the mirror. Her face was there, with her plain brown eyes, three braids, and the nose her mother despised. She watched for a long time before a shudder passed through her. ‘I am myself,’ she said quietly. ‘Me,’… Every time she used the word “myself,” she felt a surge of power, delight, and dread “(Morrison, 1998, p. 28). There is a more negative component to this situation in that the odd interaction between the black population and an encroaching white culture distorts and complicates the behavior of individuals inside the black community. Nel’s ‘me-ness’ emerges immediately after witnessing her mother’s experience as a black woman in a predominantly white culture (Morrison, 1998, p. 43). Nonetheless, Nel develops a feeling of self-identity that Sula can never comprehend. Sula resides in an awkwardly designed home with her mother and grandmother, Eva, as well as other renters Eva has welcomed. It is a tumultuous home where affection is there yet scarce. Eva’s personal losses and challenges forced her into a preservation mindset years ago, which she appears to be perpetuating. When her partner abandoned her to rear two kids by herself, she went missing for a time and reappeared with just one leg; speculations circulated that she “put it beneath a train and had their pay off” or “offered it to a clinic for $10,000” (Morrison, 1998, p. 31 ). Whichever the case, it appears that Eva turned to mutilate her body as a final resource to provide for her household. When Hannah ponders over her childhood and confronts Eva if she truly adores her, Eva reacts angrily: “You settin’ here with your healthy-ass self and ax me did I love you? The big old eyes in your head would a been two holes full of maggots if I hadn’t” (Morrison, 1998, p. 68) With Morrison’s writing, Eva’s angry reaction is Something most parents would understand. These moms and dads, trying their best to live in a polity that considers them as inferior people or worse, strive to satisfy the physical requirements of their kids, sometimes lacking the time, strength, or internal fortitude to address emotional and psychological demands. Eva’s parental toughness is additionally emphasized when readers discover that she set Plum, who apparently is her son, ablaze. After he returned from World War I, addicted to drugs, she had frequent dreams that he wanted to crawl back into her womb and be a child once more. Eva feels compelled to act because she is fairly confident that Plum will keep living the life of a baby and refuse to embrace the responsibilities of a grownup. Hannah is shocked to learn that her mother killed her brother. However, Eva conveys the details clearly in a strange, somewhat disengaged style that reveals her mental divide: “When Eva finally spoke, she did it in two voices. It seemed as if two people were speaking at the same moment, one a fraction of a second after the other “(Morrison, 1998, p. 71). Eva’s absentee caregiving is blamed for Hannah’s sexual practices with men: she frequently has sex with anybody who is willing. Her mother’s anguish is transferred to Sula after she eavesdrops on her informing an acquaintance: “I adore Sula. I simply do not like her “(Morrison, 1998, p. 57). Sula is caught standing on the terrace, witnessing her mother being wasted by roaring flames, and does nothing to extinguish the flames. Conversely, when Hannah starts burning herself, Eva leaps out a window to rescue her. Sula’s apparent apathy despite witnessing Hannah hurt reflects the absence of affection she had from her mother. At some point, it appears that the death of the mother compromises the individual’s sense of identity. On the contrary, the mother is an individual who recognizes the kid, not just an object that the kid can see. Therefore, it can be argued that the awareness of oneself as an individual beneath the caring watch of the mother is a vital element in the formation of the self. Sula becomes an individual with shattered subjectivity as a result of not receiving this attention as a child, and his apathetic behaviors cause greater suffering to society. Sula slashes off the tip of her left forefinger when boys harass Nel as she walks home from school to send a message that she is a volatile character that should be avoided. Sula, by mimicking Eva’s cutting off her own limb, demonstrates a disconnected attachment to her own body, particularly as a toddler. Nevertheless, the girls connect in other aspects, such as through reciprocity: “Because they would realized years earlier that they were not white or male, and that all liberty and success were out of bounds for them, they would go about developing Something else to be. Their encounter was good since it allowed them to learn from one another. Daughters of distant moms and unfathomable dads… they found the companionship they sought in each other’s gaze” (Morrison, 1998, p. 52). In a neighborhood where black lads are abusers and black girls have no value, Nel and Sula act as mothers to one another. They practically assist one another in burying the abject in one moment when playing outside. Upon digging a pit with twigs, they start throwing junk into it: “Each then searched about for more detritus to toss into the pit: paper, shards of glass, and cigarettes butts, until all of the minor defiling items they could locate were piled there” (Morrison, 1998, p. 59). This scenario, in which they bury “little defiling items,” acts as a simulation of abjection and reinforces the positive self-modeling they see in one another’s eyes. The girls’ profound mutuality exemplifies the battle that shapes humans, the mimesis through which one becomes identical to another to become oneself. However, their connection develops to the extent that “their relationship was so deep that they had trouble separating one another’s thoughts” (Morrison, 1998, p. 83). The eventual absence of limits between Sula and Nel exemplifies the precarious nature of each girl’s definition of self and predicts their impending suffering. Gradually, adulthood, predictably, alters their bond, which, one way or another, was inescapable. Nel’s background in a rural household equips her for a conventional marriage. The psychological dynamics of her marriage to Jude are foreshadowed when the narrator says, “The two of them together would make one Jude…. Jude could see himself taking shape in her eyes” (83). The psychological aspects of her engagement to Jude are hinted at when the author adds, “The two of them together would become one Jude…. Jude could feel himself taking shape in her eyes” (83). Nel partly compromises the self-identity Sula aided her to gain by embracing sexist norms regarding how a female’s subjectivity should become subordinate to her spouse. Conversely, Sula departs town for ten years before returning “Accompanied by a robin plague. Residents in Medallion “could not move around without stepping in (the robins’) pearly feces, and it was impossible to hang laundry, pick weeds, or simply relax on the main yard whilst robins were hovering and dying everywhere around you” (Morrison, 1998, p. 89). Sula’s return is therefore linked to the abject subject of bird feces and death, forecasting the devastation she would wreak on her neighborhood, especially her closest friend. When Eva voices fear that Sula, at thirty, is still unmarried, Sula’s response demonstrates her defiance of the convention: “I do not wish to create anybody else. I would want to create myself.” Eva reminds her that this is “selfish. No woman has any business wandering about without a man” (Morrison, 1998, p. 92). Sula, like her mother, wants to spend limited time with different men. Sula’s conduct progressively exemplifies the abject’s definition as a boundary-pushing force. Thus, the abject is twisted in that it neither abandons nor embraces a taboo, a norm, or a law; rather, it ignores, misleads, and debases them. Likewise, it employs and exploits them in order to reject them. In other words, it appears to alleviate the pain of everyone else for its own gain. Sula exemplifies the above perfectly when she has an affair with Jude, the husband of Nel, and finds nothing wrong with her act. Sula is distraught when Jude breaks up with Nel, and his life crumbles, making her feel like a regular wife. Losing Jude triggers a major identity crisis for Nel and creates a distortion of the comfortable conditioned self. When she loses him, she goes through a period of intense mourning that threatens to rip her sense of self apart. While seated on the shower floor, Nel works through her despair by imagining a sequence of areas where life meets the abject: “If I could guarantee that I could stay in this small white room with dirty tile and gurgling water in the pipes and my head on the cool rim of this bathtub without ever having to leave, I would be content. If I could guarantee that I would never have to get up to flush the toilet, enter the kitchen, see my children grow and die, or see my food eaten on my plate…” (Morrison, 1998, p. 108). After Nel regains her composure and resumes her daily routine, she is left with “nothing but a flake of something dry and horrible in her throat” (Morrison, 1998, p. 108). Nonetheless, she becomes aware that Something is following her everywhere she goes: “Something was just to her right, in the air, just out of sight. She could not see it, yet she was well aware of its appearance. A greyish ball hovers nearby. Simply there. To the left. Quiet, dingy, and filthy. A ball of muddy threads that is devoid of weight, fluffy yet malevolent in its malice “(Morrison, 1998, p. 109). While Nel is frightened that the thing continues to float close to her, she is simultaneously desperate to avoid acknowledging or looking at it, fearful of what it could do to her: “It just hovered there for her to see if she so desired, and 0 my God for her to touch if she so desired. But she never wanted to see it because if she did, who knew what she would do if she stretched out her hand and stroked it? Almost certainly die, but no terrible than that “(Morrison, 1998, p. 110). The author appears to portray a physical picture of the abject that is unrelated to race—the alluring but terrifying mass of deformity and feeling that should be suppressed for fear of undoing the self. Morrison portrays a protagonist whose behaviors are, at times, impossible to justify in the role of Sula. The storyteller further adds that Sula had “no need to satisfy anybody, save those whose pleasure delighted her” (Morrison, 1998, p. 118). Hearing her mother express dissatisfaction with her “educated (Sula) that there was no one else to rely on,” and having “no ego… she felt no urge to prove herself—be consistent with herself” (Morrison, 1998, p. 119). Sula is paradoxically selfish and unable to connect to people reliably because she lacks a solid bond with herself. She forces the non-disabled Eva into a care facility against her will and inflicts the harshest wounds conceivable on Nel, her sole true acquaintance. Currently hated by her society due to her unusual attire and demeanor, she is additionally condemned for her handling of Eva and Nel by the residents of Medallion. Sula seems traumatized when she discovers how deeply she has wounded Nel during their confrontation: “She had clung to Nel as the closest thing to both an other and a self, only to find that she and Nel were not one and the same” (Morrison, 1998, p. 119). The inference is that Sula believed she and Nel were identical. Consequently, she may have believed that while Jude belonged to Nel, he also belonged to her. Even as an adult, she does not seem to have attained selfhood. That is, the ability to feel independent indicates a genuine recognition of one’s uniqueness in relation to others. Regardless of how strongly she is dedicated to other people’s pleasure or pain, they are not her, and she is not them. Soon after Nel’s visitation, Sula dies from an apparent medication overdose, lying isolated in the fetal posture on Eva’s bed. Here, Sula and Eva are portrayed as having striking parallels. They employ drastic steps such as slicing pieces of themselves to send a message that they will live and stay as intact as possible. Interestingly, the two ladies endure their last years isolated and dismembered, separated from each other and the family ties they have. Sula undoubtedly exhibits fragile subjectivity, both in her interactions with her neighborhood and family and friends and in her immature conception of the self’s connection to others. The narrative references adversaries such as good versus evil, virgin versus prostitute, and oneself versus others, yet progresses above them, rejecting the deceptive choices implied and dictated by these rivalries. This concept is shown by how Sula’s personality remains inextricably tied to Nel’s long after the story concludes. During Nel’s visit to Eva in the care facility, the elderly lady replies, “You are the one. Sula. “What is the difference?” and “Exactly the same.” You two, together. There was never any distinction between you” (Morrison, 1998, p. 169). These remarks seem absurd when they are juxtaposed with the storylines of every figure. Possibly Morrison is challenging the customary permanence of selfhood, implying the force of shared identity that emerges from a relationship like Nel’s and Sula’s. What occurs to the two acquaintances is analogous to the disorientation that follows when someone’s conscious and unconscious identities get separated. Sula’s passing forces Nel to confront the fact that she has destroyed a significant part of her identity in her relentless pursuit of traditional acceptability. To reclaim her individuality as a complete human, she must resurrect that buried component. At the novel’s conclusion, Nel’s heartbreaking lament for her deceased companion is thus a metaphorical lament for that lost aspect of identity. Sula is not a factual representation of femininity; she investigates a facet of the female consciousness or self that is frequently concealed from exposure due to the fear and difficulty in dealing with it. This evocation of dread and the notion that Something is overly “frightening” to cope with is a concept of abject terror, as is the abject’s relationship with the feminine’s conventionally understood evil nature. The community’s contempt for Sula reaffirms its character as just, appropriate, and, most crucially, apart from her. Upon Sula’s return to town after a lengthy sabbatical, the danger she poses inspires individuals in her immediate vicinity to deepen their bonds momentarily: “Once they recognized the root of their tragedy, they were free to defend and love each other. They began to value their spouses and wives, to safeguard their children, to restore their houses, and to band together in common against the demon in their midst “(Morrison, 1998, p. 118). In comparison, upon Sula’s demise, “Mothers who had protected their children against Sula’s malice… now faced nothing. The animosity had dissipated, as had the motivation for their efforts. Without her sarcasm, their compassion for others deteriorated… They reverted to a simmering hatred of the constraints of old age. Wives uncoddled their husbands; it appeared as though there was no more need to bolster their ego” (Morrison, 1998, p. 154). Sula embodies the abject power and menace, undermining society’s morality and bounds via her anarchy and unfettered selfishness. Paradoxically, despite her rejection, her existence assists others in becoming more unified in their connections with one another via their antagonism to her. Morrison also indicates in this way that a knowledge of the abject increases the society’s relationship bonds. Perfect for her association with abjection, Sula continues to be an unsettlingly ambiguous figure throughout the work, one that audiences can either despise or empathize with, condemn fiercely or adore. Conclusion Sula is a book of incisive and colorful writing presented with a skill that educates while keeping the book going, notwithstanding the absence of a straightforward storyline. Morrison is thrifty with her historical tales, which keeps the plot moving forward. Likewise, she does not refrain from forbidden subjects like sexuality, mortality, and self-mutilation, which can unnerve some readers, but is reflected by Sula’s society and their response to her disregard for their norms. Toni Morrison’s book is a fascinating remembrance of her evocative, renowned voice. She describes growing up in a tiny, impoverished black community in Ohio, where Neal and Sula become great friends. Sula focuses on powerful female narratives, particularly those who are weighed down by or overpowered by society’s standards. Morrison’s vocabulary and anecdotes effectively explain how long-term solutions to societal difficulties such as injustice and racism are required due to their damaging effects on people’s self-awareness. References Alexander, L. (2019). Fatal attractions, abjection, and the self in literature from the restoration to the romantics . Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Kristeva, J. (2017). Powers of horror: An essay on abjection . Kbh: Nota. Middleton, D. L. (2016). Toni Morrison’s fiction: Contemporary criticism . Routledge. Morrison, T. (1988). Unspeakable things unspoken: The Afro-American presence in American literature. Michigan Quarterly Review, 28 (1), 124-161. Web. Morrison, T. (1998). Sula . London: Vintage. Thurman, D. (2021). Sula’s compromise: Toni Morrison and the editorial politics of sensitivity. MELUS , 46 (2), 1-23. Web.

ESSAY: Abstract Sculptures: Brancusi, Hepworth, Moore, Catlett Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Constantin Brancusi 2. Barbara Hepworth 3. Henry Moore 4. Elizabeth Catlett 5. References Constantin Brancusi Constantin Brancusi was an artist who was born in February 1876 in Romania (Miller, 2010). When it comes to his early experience with carving, as a child he exhibited a special talent for carving wooden farm tools. Later, his talent led him to study art in Paris, Bucharest, and Munich. Soon after, the artist developed his own techniques of sculpting and became one of the famous sculptors of his time. As for Brancusi’s way of working, the artist mainly used abstract shapes and sculpted them using his special technique, direct carving, a process distinguished by working with the material. This approach was quite different from the conventional method of creating a model or a draft first, which was frequently used by his peers (Miller, 2010). The sculptor’s desire to produce non-representational artworks was an audacious style choice. Moreover, unlike other artists of his time and of the past, Brancusi did not rely on casts. The sculptor worked with each piece with the help of his own hands and instruments (Miller, 2010). Brancusi is well-known for pushing his art to the limit of abstraction, creating a novel, simpler language that invokes real people, realities, and objects, which is the reason he was called the father of modern sculpture. Figure 1. The Prayer. Barbara Hepworth Barbara Hepworth was an artist of British descent who was born in England in January 1903 and died in Cornwall in May 1975 (McKiernan, 2015). Hepworth is known as one of the first sculptors to introduce abstract sculpture to England. As for the motifs of her works, the most notable is the mother-child bond that appears quite frequently amongst her artpieces. What is more, these pieces relate directly to her experiences and feelings at the time. The art piece of Hepworth’s Mother and Child can serve as a perfect example. The sculpture was created in 1927, just a few months before giving birth to her firstborn (McKiernan, 2015). This piece from Hepworth’s collection represents the feeling of unity and love between a mother and her child in a realistic fashion. The two hugging people represent a feeling of serenity and an unbreakable union. Hepworth initially started to put holes in her sculptures in the 1930s, when the artist created a rose-colored alabaster Pierced Form (McKiernan, 2015). Such a technique later became an important part of most of the creator’s further works. It symbolized both release from realism as well as the freedom of opinion afforded by imagination. Hepworth used a technique usually referred to as “direct carving,” wherein the original form develops the final shape, instead of producing preliminary models to develop complex designs. Figure 2. Mother and Child. Henry Moore Henry Moore was born in Castleford, England on July 30, 1898, and died in Much Hadham, Hertfordshire on August 31, 1986 (Moore, 2002). Moore was an artist who possessed a talent for naturally structured, abstract metal and stone sculpturing. His works represent the greatest embodiment of the humanist school. As for the main inspiration of the artist, various cultures influenced his works. In the 1920s, the sculptor visited the British Museum, where art works from Mexico, Ancient Egypt, and Africa impressed the man (Moore, 2002). For example, his sculpture, King and Queen, shows a striking resemblance to the limestone statue of a husband and wife from Egypt. The reclining pose is a recurring theme in Henry Moore’s work. The first sculpture of such a theme was the reclining figure from 1924, and it later became the recurring subject (Moore, 2002). The sculptures mostly depict reclining women who rest on their elbows and have their legs bent. As for the influence that led to such works, the Yorkshire countryside served as an inspiration. As Moore put it, giving a clear title to any piece of art “takes away part of […] mystery”. It is quite understandable since every art work must require an individual to ponder about its true meaning and each person might find the perfect answers. If the author gives an explicit title, they reveal the whole idea. Thus, the title must captivate the viewer and attract their attention. In this situation, while in representational art the title serves merely as a fact of what is in the picture, the titles of abstract works might serve as food for thought for viewers. Figure 3. Two Forms. Elizabeth Catlett Elizabeth Catlett was an American artist who was born in April 1915 in Washington, D.C., and died in April 2012 in Mexico (Ball et al., 2020). Catlett was a Mexican-American sculptor known for her work that illuminated sociopolitical issues in the community. The story of the artist is rife with unjust experiences, such as rejection from the university. The admissions committee from Carnegie Mellon rejected Catlett when they learned of the woman’s race (Ball et al., 2020). Due to the artist’s devotion to the devastating experiences and challenges of the African American community, Catlett’s art can be defined as pertinent to social realism. The sculptor claims that the primary goal of her work is to transmit moral lessons instead of sheer brilliance. Catlett’s themes varied from sensitive parental depictions to belligerent Black Power icons. Among her works can be found sculptures of Martin Luther King Jr. (Ball et al., 2020). Catlett’s works can be defined as similar to those sculptors examined before. Like previous artists, Catlett combines abstract and representational elements, inspired by the Modernist school. However, there are specific distinctions when it comes to the artwork of this sculptor. The woman pays a lot of attention to social and political problems, whereas the rest of the sculptors try to represent different feelings. Figure 4. Mother and a Child. References Ball, E. L., Seijas, T., & Snyder, T. L. (Eds.). (2020). As if she were free: A collective biography of women and emancipation in the Americas. Cambridge University Press . McKiernan, M. (2015). Dame Barbara Hepworth, Prelude II 1948. Occupational Medicine , 65 (3), 180-181. Miller, S. (2010). Constantin Brancusi . Reaktion Books. Moore, H. (2002). Henry Moore: Writings and conversations . University of California Press.

ESSAY: Abuse Cases in the “For Colored Girls” Film Essay The film that was watched in order to note a number of cases of violence or abuse is For colored girls . The type of abuse that will be taken from the movie refers to rape. In particular, it is the situation around Tangie, who was raped by her grandfather (Perry, 2010). Below, the assessments, implementation, and education within the scope of a care plan will be provided. Initially, it will be essential to evaluate Tangie’s mental state, which can be done after a series of conversations. The latter ones should be conducted with Tangie and her closest people who can shed light on the situation. It is expected that the ones involved will share several details on how the mentioned type of abuse took place, as well as what Tangie is likely to feel now. After this information is obtained, the care plan is to be developed and implemented. The first stage will imply regular conversations with Tangie that will cover the themes of her feelings and view of the tragedy. Then, it will be important to enroll her in a group of those who have been raped that she will attend on a weekly basis. Tangie should feel support around her so that she could abandon the sense of loneliness. This might diminish the possibility of constant depression and avert some severe mental traumas. Throughout the whole care plan, it will also be crucial to educate Tangie on how to deal with the stress resulting from the rape. During the mentioned plan, she will be provided with the recognized literature in the field. The most important points will be discussed with me and in the group. It seems critical to surround her with an environment in which people will hear and listen to her. Reference Perry, Y. (2010). For colored girls . [Film]. 34 th Street Films.

ESSAY: Abuse of Power in “Iliad” and “Metamorphoses” Essay Portraying the lives of gods and depicting relationships between them, as well as their interactions with humans, both “Iliad” and “Metamorphosis” elaborate on the theme of power abuse by those at the helm. In “Iliad,” Agamemnon has to face retribution due to his constant abuse of power: “be ready, that I be not left,/Alone of all the Greeks, without my prize” (Homer, 762 B. C.). Likewise, in “Metamorphosis,” various deities display complete disrespect for those of lesser power: “What had escaped the waves, now feared the flame” (Ovid, 8 B.C.). However, unlike the “Iliad,” “Metamorphosis” rarely demonstrates the comeuppance that deities have to face for their negligence of mortals’ needs (Homer, 762 B. C.; Ovid, 8 B. C.). Therefore, while thematically similar, “Iliad” and “Metamorphosis” represent slightly different perspectives on the problem o power abuse. The theme of mortals’ protection, which is central both to “Iliad” and “Metamorphosis,” remains essential nowadays as well. Namely, a range of contemporary leaders appear to have tremendous amounts of power due to their political influence, their economic one, or a combination of both (Homer, 762 B. C.; Ovid, 8 B. C.). For instance, the disregard for human rights in countries such as China, where leaders attain the status of god-like creatures, can be seen as similar to the one in the “Iliad” and “Metamorphosis.” However, what makes “Metamorphosis” slightly less effective in this regard is the comedic manner in which it portrays the abuse of mortals. In turn, “Iliad,” being a more serious work, produces a much greater impact by condemning the violence of omnipotent gods toward humans, which is more in line with the current concept of power abuse. Nevertheless, both the “Iliad” and “Metamorphosis” carry an important message and a deep meaning. Providing an insight into power dynamics within Ancient Greek society, they also help recognize similar patterns in the modern community. References Homer. (762 B. C.). The Iliad (W. C. Bryant, Trans.). Standard eBooks. Web. Ovid. (8 B. C.). The Metamorphoses (B. Moore, Trans.). Theoi.com. Web.

ESSAY: Accounting: Adjustment of Figures in a Firm’s Books Report Abstract This report starts with stating and discussing the stakeholders in the given case study, the shareholders, Management, and employees, to mention a few. It will also focus on the directions given to Zoe, who is in charge of the organization’s accounting books, to adjust some entries in the book. This report states that those actions by Zoe are not only unethical but also illegal. It further proceeds to point out scenarios where the adjustment of figures in the accounting books can be ethical and legal. The conclusion of this report points out who can quickly discover the adjustment on the accounting books, which is the organization’s auditor. Information Systems Report A stakeholder is a person in a business entity or an organization who has an interest in the proceeding of the organization. Stakeholders are directly or indirectly involved in the organization, either running or benefiting from its activities. In the given case study, the stakeholders are the organization’s shareholders, who are the people who have invested their money in the organization and stand to benefit from the organization in terms of dividends due to the sales made by the organization in a year. In our case study, the shareholders will be affected by a decision to change the organization’s profitability since the change directly affects the company’s stock prices. A drop or a rise in stock prices will affect the shareholders directly as their dividends will rise or fall, respectively. The Management of the organization in our case study is also a part of the stakeholders as they are involved in the decision-making of matters concerning the day-to-day running of the organization. The Management also makes account-related decisions which include adjustments in the accounting books. Finally, secondary stakeholders in the organization are the employees; their daily work enables the company to run smoothly and achieve its goals and expectations. The vendors in this organization are parties in the supply chain that avail goods and services to the final consumers and companies. A vendor is a person or organization that makes the goods available to the consumers and not necessarily the manufacturer. The last category of stakeholders is the lenders. They are individuals or groups, both public and private, who makes funds available to persons or business with the sole expectation that the money will be repaid with interest hence making a profit through it. In our case study, the president requests Zoe Baas, the controller of the company accounting books, to accrue every possible revenue. To forego as many expenses as possible and preserve the current year’s revenues so that the following year can easily absorb the costs foregone in the current year. In this scenario, the presidents’ requests go against prudent accounting policies. They can be seen as an attempt by the Management to window dress by manipulating the organization’s accounting books entry and posting better profit numbers than the actual ones (Weygandt et al., 2018). Concerning accounting policies, this action is unethical, as well as the acts by Zoe to date the entries in the accounting books to December 31 of the previous year instead of January 17. These actions are done to adjust the organization’s accounting figures, which inflates its revenue by illegally accruing some of its revenues and deflating its expenses by wrongly delaying some costs. These are wrong, unethical, and illegal since they do not follow the rules and policies of accounting. One of the questions that arise in our case study is whether Zoe is still ethical by deferring the company’s expenses and accruing the company’s revenues. These actions can only be ethical if they are done as provided in the accounting provisions and the GAAP and IFRS framework (Weygandt et al., 2018). Any accruing of the organization’s revenue and differing expenses done in any other way without following the rules will be illegal. An example is when sales have been done and have not been recorded using the standard method of invoicing paperwork, as accrued sales are legal (Weygandt et al., 2018). Another example of an unethical case is when a customer pays for goods in advance and will be shipped the following year, recording such sales as accrued. Another issue from the case study where the manager asks Zoe to defer expenses and accrue revenues is that those actions can be illegal. In this case study, Zoe can still be legal if the deferring of the company’s costs and accruing of the company’s revenues are done as provided in the accounting policies and following the GAAP and IFRS framework. It is also legal only when Zoe does not violate federal and IRS regulations (Weygandt et al., 2018). In any case, if those adjustments in the accounting books violate these regulations, they will be illegal. In our case study, the adjustments the manager instructed Zoe to make in the accounting books do not follow these regulations; hence they will be unlawful. The concluding issue of concern from this case study is who can quickly discover Zoe’s actions of accruing its revenues and deferring some of its expenses. The auditor of the company is responsible for checking its accounting books. In his job, the auditor can quickly discover the adjustments made in the accounting books by Zoe. One way of ensuring that these actions do not happen in the organization is by making regular audits by the auditor to ensure that the accounting books are in order. Auditing will force the employees and the Management to follow accounting rules, thereby running the organization ethically and legally. More information about accounting information systems can be found in the reference book below. Reference Weygandt, J. J., Kimmel, P. D., & Kieso, D. E. (2018). Financial Accounting with International Financial Reporting Standards . John Wiley & Sons. Web.

ESSAY: Accounting Basics and How to Remember Them Essay The rhythmic accounting rap song Debit Credit Theory by Colin Dodds (n.d.) is an excellent way to remember that debit’s location is the left side of the account, and credit’s location is the right one. This unusual song also explains the meaning of these two terms. This fun but an educational source has enabled me to remember the material and not get confused in the concepts. A link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j71Kmxv7smk The mnemonic offered by Heather McNellis (2020) also contributes to better understanding and remembering the essence of debit and credit and the account balances. The DEAL/CLIP mnemonic contains the explanation of debit’s and credit’s parts. Due to this engaging technic, it is pretty easy to understand that while debit includes Drawings, Expenses, Assets, and Losses, credit consists of Capital, Liabilities, Income, as well as Profits. A link: https://www.icas.com/students/learning-blog/test-of-competence/financial-accounting-whats-the-dealclip-with-debits-and-credits I have chosen these two sources since they make it easy to remember accounting basics. They are pretty bright, fun, and engaging: due to the song chorus, it is impossible to forget where debit and credit are located, and mnemonics help remember all their constituents. I think other students will also like them since they are suitable for people with different types of information perception. How Would You Define Ethics? Ethics is a set of norms of behavior adopted in society or any social group. What are Three Factors that Might Affect Good Ethical Conduct? The factors influencing ethical conduct are divided into three levels: individual, involving the personal values, social, or organizational, including norms of the organization, and opportunity ones that are situations requiring ethical or unethical decisions. An Explanation of Why the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Was Created The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was created to make it impossible for managers and accountants to misuse funds. It resulted from high-profile scandals with corporate reporting, due to which investors began to doubt the reliability of the data provided by companies. This Act also relates to ethics since it contains the set of norms and principles of fair leading a business. What Are the Legal Liabilities of an Accountant? The accountant is responsible for maintaining all financial calculations of the company, as well as the reliability of data, and they are liable for misstatements and mistakes made by them. However, the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles claim the employee is not responsible for misstatements if they work in good faith. References McNellis, H. (2020). Financial accounting: What’s the DEAL/CLIP with debits and credits? ICAS. Web. Mr. Colin Dodds. (n.d.). Debit credit theory: Accounting rap song [Video]. YouTube. Web.

ESSAY: Accounting: Purposes and Principles Essay When it comes to the definition of accounting, it is often described as identification, measurement and consequent communication of economic information that enables its users to make knowledgeable decisions. This information concerns finances and, therefore, is presented in monetary terms. Thus, according to Learn Basic Accounting Easy (2014), accounting is a process used to provide financial data on the activities of profit-seeking businesses and non-profit organizations. For instance, bank officials can review a company’s financial records to assess its ability to redeem a loan. Potential investors might want to compare the accounting data of a handful of companies to determine which one suggests the best investment. Additionally, business owners use this information to create budgets for their organizations. Basic accounting principles can teach one the so-called ‘language of business’ – that is, concepts and terms which have been adopted and are widely used in the business world. If one understands the guidelines of accounting information being prepared, it puts them in an advantageous position when facing a situation of making an important decision. Moreover, there are peculiarities in presenting such data too: as per AccountingWITT (2010), among those who might want to hear the story of a business are internal users, external users, and the government. Even though the data presented to all these parties is the same, one is to use different approaches when delivering it to each of them. Managerial accounting is the language with which information is to be conveyed to internal users, whereas for external ones, financial accounting is the appropriate way; with the government, one is to resort to tax accounting. Understanding that makes one a more competent manager and makes it easier to work with them. It is evident that reliable information is essential in enabling those in charge to make appropriate decisions – and having access to such information is the key. This is precisely why accounting is so important – it is the tool to provide one with all the data necessary to move in the right direction when it comes to business-making. It is used to assess the financial implications of various alternatives and soundly allocate resources. Accountants are able to measure the future: uncertainty is reduced with the use of professional judgment to quantify implications of taking or postponing action. Dunn (2011) states that it confers them with great power as well as with great responsibility: their mistakes might be more crucial than mistakes of other specialists. It can lead a business or an organization to failure recovering from which might be difficult. Businesses can have many goals and objectives. For instance, a goal of a restaurant’s owner may be the improvement of the building’s physical form. However, the main objectives of each enterprise are profitability and solvency. Profitability is the ability of income generation, whereas solvency is the ability of well-timed debt payment. Unless an enterprise can generate a sufficient income and pay debts until they expire, it will not be able to survive to achieve its other goals (Learn Basic Accounting Easy, 2014). These concepts are reflected in the accounting equation, which embodies the structure of the corporate financial statements. Corporate financial statements are written records conveying the company’s strength and profitability. According to Dunn (2011), there are four main corporate financial statements. The income statement is the one reflecting the organization’s profitability. The statement of retained earnings presents a change in such earnings over a particular period (for example, month or year). The balance sheet discloses the financial position and solvency of the company. Finally, the statement of cash flows encapsulates the organization’s cash flow and outflow over a certain time period. References AccountingWITT. (2010). What is accounting? [Video]. YouTube. Web. Dunn, K. (2011). Introduction to Accounting I: An intuitive approach [Video]. YouTube. Web. Learn Basic Accounting Easy. (2014). Purpose of accounting [Video]. YouTube. Web.

ESSAY: Achieving Environmental Sustainability Essay Environmental sustainability refers to the point where renewable resource harvesting rate should not surpass that of regeneration and that the decline of non-renewable resources should require the same growth of renewable alternatives. The utilization of natural resources has increased significantly over the past few decades. Environmental sustainability is essential for the preservation of resources by the global community for the future generation (Ostad-Ali et al.). This entails the lowering of economic impacts that might be unfavorable to the environment, as well as designing a business that reduces the use of carbon. The production of cheap and clean energy that is available for all is the primary objective of sustainable development. In her article “The Obligation to Endure,” Carson warns the public about the consequences of modern industrial pollution. Since environmental climate became adverse due to rising economic stability, variants of achieving environmental sustainability emerged, namely human contribution to the ecosystem by removing harmful substances from agriculture and the use of rainwater harvesting systems. The environmental climate has changed from being conducive to causing many adverse effects on the ecosystems. Manufacturing, which is commonly considered to be continuous development in different types of industries, tends to affect the environment in various ways, which results to change in the atmospheric climatic conditions. These, in turn, affect agriculture; for example, in the regions with manufacturing factories, “the farmers complained that they were unable to raise any pigs” (Carson 123). Both the manufacturing and processing sectors rely on the environment to attain their raw materials. Industries such as the papermaking industries depend on trees as a source of raw material for their products (Oláh et al.). Consequently, it causes a tremendous decline in the number of trees available globally, and the trees are viewed to be of significance towards the reduction of the amount of carbon dioxide available in the atmosphere. Moreover, the attempts to return the trees and plants are unsuccessful, and their result is “animals have almost invariably gone along with the plants” (Carson 128). Subsequently, there will be developments of harsh environment and climatic change such as heavy rainfall and drought. The rate of development has increased within various countries to establish a stable economic background. It enables the creation of employment opportunities for individuals, which encourages capitalism to establish firms in various sectors of the globe. The industries mostly dispose of their waste products into large water bodies. Consequently, it results in the existence of chemicals and other metals, which causes tremendous effects on marine creatures. The accumulation of chemicals in the oceans results in oceanic acidification, thus, making the sea inhabitable to marine animals. Yet, “future generations are unlikely to condone our lack of prudent concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life” (Carson 129). Hence, humans should develop some solutions for this problem to preserve economic stability and ecological integrity. One of the approaches in achieving environmental sustainability is by viewing people as a part of the ecosystem, which does not only use natural resources but contributes to the system. For instance, nitrogen is essential for the growth of many crops, and many farmers use nitrogen fertilizer on their farms. Yet, Carson argues that “chemical insecticides must never be used” (129). This is due to the fact that the use of nitrogen fertilizer does not fit into an environmentally safe zone (Oláh et al.). Sustainable agriculture entails a system dedicated to seeking the sustenance of farmers and resources through promoting economically viable and environmentally sound farming practices. When farmers spread nitrogen fertilizers on their farms, some is washed into water bodies and fed on by bacteria. After the bacteria feeds on the nitrogen, they emit nitrous oxide into the atmosphere (Oláh et al.). The gas has global warming latent almost three hundred times that of carbon dioxide. There have been many attempts to control nitrogen fertilizers’ contribution to global warming; however, it has not been a simple task. The rate of application of nitrogen in farming determines the amount of nitrous oxide released into the atmosphere. Therefore, to reduce the rate of nitrous oxide production, farmers must minimize the number of nitrogen fertilizers they apply to their farms. Unfortunately, not many farmers are willing to do this as it would reduce their profits. Another example of human integration into the local ecosystem can be seen in the Rajasthan rainwater harvesting system. The farmers managed to provide irrigation for the crops across the year by building small earthen dams called Johads. Those dams captured rainwater, which soaked into the aquifer and, therefore, was saved from evaporating (Singh and Bhakar). With the introduction of drill technology, people started to abandon Johads and make wells as deep as possible. By doing that, the underground water level decreased and dehydrated the ecosystem in the area. The situation changed with reintroducing the practice of rainwater harvesting in Johads. After seven months, the first monsoon season came and refilled the new pond. This inspired the community to continue the restoration of their abandoned rainwater harvesting system. Johads ended a vicious cycle of lowering levels of groundwater (Singh and Bhakar). Serving the ecosystem is a strategy that can help humanity achieve environmental sustainability and ensure its long-term well-being. In conclusion, integration into the natural ecosystem is a vital step in nature preservation. The high rate of environmental degradation that is being experienced globally is caused by capitalist activities, which are continuously conducted in various sectors of the globe. Preferably, the government and various ecological authorities need to come together and formulate environmental policies and laws and ensure their implementation. Through this, they will be able to curb the effects of capitalism on the environment and hence decreasing environmental destruction. Works Cited Carson, Rachel. “The Obligation to Endure.” The Ecological Design and Planning Reader . Island Press, Washington, DC, 2014. 122-130. Oláh, Judit, et al. “Impact of Industry 4.0 on Environmental Sustainability.” Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 11, 2020, p. 4674. Ostad-Ali-Askar, et al. “Water Resources and ClimateCchange.” Journal of Water and Climate Change, vol. 9, no. 2, 2018, p. 239. Singh, Ajit Pratap, and Prashant Bhakar. “Development of Groundwater Sustainability Index: A Case Study of Western Arid Region of Rajasthan, India.” Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, vol. 23, no. 2, 2021, pp. 1844-1868.

ESSAY: Addressing and Respecting Citizens’ Rights in Supreme Court Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Case Outline 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction The current case touches upon the Fourteenth and First Amendments issues regarding civil rights violations. It included the freedom of speech of the black students. Two hundred young people were protesting against arresting their black friends, emphasizing the racial discrimination causes of the arrest. The protesting group blocked the part of the jail. As a result, all protestors were arrested due to the “trespass with a malicious and mischievous intent” ( Adderley v. Florida , n.d.). From the plaintiffs’ perspective, their civil rights were violated on a discrimination basis. To be precise, the freedom of speech and petition rights were denied. The Regional Court has denied the lawsuit due to the presence of an adequate reason for the arrest. The group of students appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court in order to have this case solved. Case Outline Titl e : Adderley v. Florida – 385 U.S. 39, 87 S. Ct. 242 (1966) ( Adderley v. Florida , n.d.). Facts of The Case: Harriet Louise Adderley is the representative of the group of protesting students. The primary aim of the students was to protest for the releasing their black friends from the non-public prison ( Adderley v. Florida , n.d.). Before the arrest, the prison worker and police officers tried to warn students about their unlawful actions of trespass on private property. Students highlighted the race discrimination issues due to the fact that they protested, claiming the rights of black people. Thus, the U.S. Supreme Court should solve the questions about the violation of civil rights correlated with the First Amendment and unequal treatment of the different races. The defendants were the prison administration and the state of Florida’s governmental bodies in general. History of The Case: The doubtful situation took place in state Florida in 1966 ( Adderley v. Florida , n.d.). The group of the Florida A&M University protested against racial discrimination. They were arrested and convicted of the breakdown of law and order on the streets of Florida. On the next day, a huge group of students (approximately two hundred students) from the same university went to jail to protect the rights of their friends. They tried to claim that the primary reason for the arrest was racial discrimination. The administration of non-public prisons ordered workers to arrest the protestants immediately. The police officers and the prison workers warned students that the prison is private territory and they have no legal right to hold protests here. Prison workers repeatedly asked students to leave the private domain. However, protestants continued blocking the one road within the prison territory. As a result, all two hundred students were arrested and convicted of trespass with malicious intentions. Later, Harriet Louise Adderley and thirty students appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court to solve the case of violation of civil liberties based on discrimination. The prison administration acted based on the private territory protection laws. The arrest can be considered a legal action due to the fact that the prison is regarded as private ownership. Legal Questions: One of the essential questions that the Supreme Court should have answered was the violation of petitioners’ rights of free speech, assembly, or petition ( Adderley v. Florida , n.d.). The issue of equal protection was highlighted as guaranteed by the First and Fourteenth Amendments. Moreover, the Court also was to decide whether the discrimination issue was the primary motif of the prison workers, police, and administration. Decision or Holdings: The Supreme Court held that the rights to freedom of speech, press, assembly or petition were not violated. Thus, constitutionally, the rights of the students were not denied. Judges emphasized that the students were arrested because they denied the order of the police to leave the prison territory. As a result, Court found no evidence proving that the plaintiffs were detained due to discrimination reasons. The breach-of-the-peace violation by the students was stopped aiming to ensure the prison’s security. Thus, the Court decided that the defendant had a rational-legal basis for the arrest. The prison workers’ and police officers’ actions were legal without discrimination connotations. Verdict and Opinion (Judgement): The Supreme Court preserved the jury’s decisions claiming that there was no violation of the First Amendment. Five out of nine judges voted for the no rights violation. The final verdict included the information about the security concerns of the jail. Judges emphasized that according to the state’s legislation, the citizens are allowed to visit private properties seeking particular services. However, in the current case, petitioners had no such a reason. The Supreme Court supported the decision of the regional jury. Conclusion The Court’s decision proclaims that the disrespectful attitude towards the state’s laws should be punished. The public order should be preserved at any cost. The members of society should be able to distinguish between the violation of their rights and legal procedures (Clement, 2018). Understanding the legal responsibilities before the state people live in is essential for law-abiding citizens (Alfieri & Onwuachi-Willig, 2020). The state can ensure the respecting of the rights and freedoms of people only when they respect the laws. The legal actions of the prison administration were not racially discriminative. The vital lesson that should be learned from this legal case is that citizens should know not only their rights but also the rights of entities and organizations. The lack of legal understanding and knowledge about freedom and rights can cause negative consequences. References Adderley v. Florida . (n.d.). Oyez. Web. Alfieri, A., & Onwuachi-Willig, A. (2020). (Re)framing race in civil rights lawyering. The Yale Law Journal, 130 (3), 1–30. Web. Clement, D. (2018). Human rights or social justice? The problem of rights inflation. The International Journal of Human Rights, 22 (2), 155–169. Web.

ESSAY: Addressing Constraints in the Healthcare Setting Essay Understaffing is one of the most widespread issues in the healthcare setting in the USA and many other countries. This is also one of the most burning issues in the healthcare facility under consideration. Being a certified nurse assistant, I have acknowledged the negative impact of understaffing on employees’ performance and their overall well-being, as well as patient outcomes. Nurses are exhausted, which tends to lead to medical errors and adverse effects on patients’ health or their satisfaction with the services they receive. Understaffing had been a serious issue before the outbreak of the COVID pandemic, but it became an unpreceded burden for the system during the pandemic (Lasater et al., 2020). To improve the situation, it is possible to apply the five-step process suggested by Cox et al. (2014). This paper includes a brief description of the implementation of the five-step process to address understaffing in the hospital in question. The first step implies the identification of the constraint (the issue that deteriorates the quality of provided care). As mentioned above, understaffing is the most burning constraint to address as it leads to an increased number of medical errors, overall dissatisfaction and low morale of the staff, and inappropriate performance. As a result, patients do not receive high-quality care as nurses often have insufficient time to discuss the necessary issues with patients and families, conduct clinical procedures properly, and fulfill their tasks. Step 2 of the process described by Cox et al. (2014) encompasses the identification of the exact ways to address the constraint. Seasonality is one of the characteristics of the problem, as the primary load is apparent in the so-called flu seasons. At this period, it is necessary to increase the number of working hours for nurse assistants who can perform multiple tasks, while nurses can concentrate on procedures that need skills assistants do not have. The assistants are often employed part-time, so it can be sufficient to increase the number of working hours of those who already work at the facility. However, it is critical to developing detailed guidelines and instructions regarding employees’ responsibilities. Each employee should understand what procedures and tasks to perform, and on what occasions when their services are not needed. It can be necessary to amend some job descriptions to implement change effectively. Step 3, as defined by Cox et al. (2014), requires the subordination of all resources and effort to the decisions made to address the constraint. Thus, all employees should be fully informed about the changes, as well as the need for change and its urgency and potential outcomes. The corresponding discussions regarding the new guidelines and instructions should be conducted to make sure that the medical staff is aware of the new tasks and responsibilities. It is possible to create teams with leaders and mentors to help facilitate the change. Step 4 is associated with the evaluation of the system constraint, which can be implemented by conducting surveys. Patients can complete brief surveys that will include questions regarding the time nurses invest in communication with them, the quality of provided care, and their overall satisfaction with the services. Brief surveys for employees can also shed light on nurses’ workload, burnout, and performance. Step 5 can be easily implemented in this process as contracts will be signed for the most intense period, so no inertia can appear. In conclusion, it is possible to address understaffing by increasing the number of nurse assistants on a seasonal basis. The utilization of the five-step process can ensure the effective implementation of change in the hospital under consideration. The collaboration and commitment of all staff members are critical. The model suggested by Cox and colleagues can also be used to solve other issues the healthcare facility faces. References Cox, J. F., III, Robinson, T. M., & Maxwell, M. (2014). Applying the “theory of constraints” to solve your practice’s most vexing problem. Family Practice Management, 21 (5),18-22. Web. Lasater, K. B., Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., French, R., Martin, B., Reneau, K., Alexander, M., & McHugh, M. D. (2020). Chronic hospital nurse understaffing meets COVID-19: An observational study. BMJ Quality & Safety, 30 (8), 639-647. Web.

ESSAY: Addressing Opioid Crisis: Current Policy and Community Involvement Essay To analyze current policies aimed at addressing the opioid crisis, describe examples of the crisis, and suggest a few options to help solve the problem to the community. A stakeholder group of people in the community, including local policymakers, leaders, and concerned citizens. The United States of America is experiencing a severe crisis of opioid abuse. In 2019 alone, opioids took the lives of 50,000 Americans, and the economic burden from the problem is about $78.5 billion a year (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2021). This issue concerns many stakeholders, from society and medical staff to individual policymakers and representatives of various structures like the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Although different structures and organizations are making many efforts to stop the crisis, communities can also significantly contribute to solving the problem. Everyone present here can learn and do more than now, and then together community will save more lives. Today, I will present a description and analysis of policies against the opioid crisis, consider examples of the crisis, and propose several measures and actions that communities can take in this fight. It is important to say that there are several main directions for political action in the fight against the opioid crisis. Key actors such as the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) prioritize the following: * Improved access to treatment, prevention, and recovery services; * Promote the availability and use of drugs that prevent overdoses; * Healthcare surveillance for transparent reporting and collection of data to better understand the situation; * Support research in understanding pain and safe methods of its management; * Promoting different pain reduction methods (Collins, 2017; NIDA, 2021). Most organizations involved in the fight against the crisis are focused on the mentioned goals. Organizations include Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), CDC, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and other entities. Some organizations add their own goals; for instance, the Healthcare Fraud Prevention Partnership (HFPP) also seeks to identify and stop fraud and other dishonest opioid activities (Healthcare Fraud Prevention Partnership, 2017). Programs in the States, in turn, monitor drug prescriptions and the work of pain management specialists (CDC, 2019). Thus, all measures aim to reduce the chances of opioid abuse and maintain the nation’s health. The analysis aims to understand and evaluate policy effectiveness to provide informed advice for new policy decisions and actions. Analyzing the existing medical policy, it is worth paying attention to its successes. Some successes include: * State programs in Ohio, Kentucky, Florida, New York, Tennessee, and other states, have helped reduce opioid abuse and mortality rates (CDC, 2019); * SAMHSA provides professional training grants and Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) for vulnerable populations; * The CDC conducts and supports studies that bring new knowledge on risk factors and other influential aspects and offer solutions. However, it is worth noting that the problem continues to exist. In particular, policies may have unintended consequences of using drugs other than opioids due to insufficient attention to the causes of abuse (Lee et al., 2021). Therefore, the fight against opioids should be comprehensive and include measures to improve social conditions and community support. Let us consider some examples of the manifestation of the opioid crisis, which may be significant for policies to combat it. Examples: * The opioid crisis began in the late 20th century when pharmaceutical companies convinced society that opioid-based painkillers would not be addictive and were prescribed in large quantities (NIDA, 2021); * About 21-29% of patients with prescriptions for opioids due to chronic pain misuse them, and 4-6% of abusers later abuse heroin (NIDA, 2021). * 8-12% of those taking prescribed opioids suffer from opioid use disorders (NIDA, 2021); Risk factors for developing opioid addiction include improper or prolonged drug use, poverty, unemployment, personal or family history of misuse, risk behavior, contact with high-risk individuals, stress, and other causes (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2018). Understanding the risks, causes, and influencers for the opioid crisis, one can suggest several measures that communities can take. Proposed measures include: * Collaboration within the community to raise awareness about the dangers of opioids, policies to combat the crisis, the possibilities of intervention, and the provision of assistance for overdoses; * Creating an organization or public coalition that can help people with addiction, particularly through referral to treatment, providing drugs that prevent overdoses, and other measures; * The creation of support groups in various areas help those who suffer from addiction, help those who suffer from chronic pain and similar issues connected with risk factors. The evaluation criteria for proposed policy options include: * Community awareness of the dangers of opioids, laws related to the crisis, and people’s ability to take action and provide assistance; * Help members of the community that suffer from opioid use disorders; * Availability of overdose prevention drugs and treatment to those members of the community who need them; * Activities of support groups aimed at mitigating risk factors and social support. In summary, it is essential to note that the opioid crisis poses a significant danger to Americans. It began after erroneous information that opioid-based drugs are not addictive spread. However, the use of such drugs carries a high risk of developing addiction and other disorders associated with opioid use. Various organizations and public bodies have taken many actions to combat the crisis. Key measures are drug prescription control aimed at reducing opioid use, finding other pain management methods, and similar efforts. Societies can be critical participants in the struggle by providing information, helping those who suffer from addiction or severe pain, and taking other measures. Thus, everyone present here can take some actions and help save lives. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). State successes. CDC Website. Web. Collins, F. (2017). The Federal response to the opioid crisis . NIDA archives. Web. Healthcare Fraud Prevention Partnership. (2017). Healthcare payer strategies to reduce the harms of opioids. White paper. Healthcare Fraud Prevention Partnership. Web. Lee, B., Zhao, W., Yang, K. C., Ahn, Y. Y., & Perry, B. L. (2021). Systematic evaluation of state policy interventions targeting the US opioid epidemic, 2007-2018. JAMA network open, 4 (2), e2036687-e2036687. Web. Mayo Clinic Staff. (2018). How opioid addiction occurs . Mayo Clinic Website. Web. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2021). Opioid overdose crisis. National Institutes of Health. NIDA. Web.

ESSAY: Adolescent Pregnancy and School Dropout After Covid-19 in Kenya Report The article of Zulaika (2022) presents the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on adolescent pregnancy and school dropout among secondary school girls in Kenya. The cases of teenage pregnancy started in Kenya after the country-wide school closure that started from March 2020 and lasted until January 2021. Zulaika (2022) examine to what extent the pandemic affected sexual and reproductive health of adolescents in Rarieda subcounty. The study shows there was a limited involvement of health administrators on the issue of pregnancy among school girls. Teenagers lack sexual education and are not aware of different methods of protection. Health administrators should find this issue important as early pregnancy can be dangerous for girls’ health and lead to various socio-economic problems in the future. Moreover, if such a rate of adolescent pregnancy continues to increase, there would be less educated females in Kenya. Zulaika (2022) also mentions that stress level of pregnant teenagers is high, affecting mental as well as physical health of young future mothers. To tackle this issue, Zulaika (2022) suggests implementing population-level emergencies on girls that are going to school. Students should be educated for the basics of sexual education and for the side effects of sexual life. Furthermore, the article points out that infectious diseases can be spread rapidly if school girls do not know the importance of contraceptives. As such, there is a need to the national project of informing school students and their parents about sexual and reproductive issues. The effects of COVID-19 on teenage pregnancy are negative, causing additional social and economic problems not only for the pregnant girls and their families but also for the whole country. References Zulaika, G. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on adolescent pregnancy and school dropout among secondary schoolgirls in Kenya . BMJ Global Health. Web.

ESSAY: Advocacy Action Plan for Adopted Children Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Advocacy Challenge 2. Strengthening Families Protective Factors 3. Advocacy Position 4. Action Team 5. Action Plan 6. References Advocacy Challenge During child development, there are many factors that contribute to the holistic growth of one’s physical and mental state. However, while the child tends to perceive the surroundings through the lens of various institutions, including immediate family, educators, peers, and social environment in general, it is the impact of the nuclear family that has a long-term effect on children’s cognitive development. According to the researchers, early child development depends vitally on parents, as “responsive parent-child relationships and parental support for learning during the earliest years of life are crucial for promoting early child development (ECD)” (Jeong et al., 2020, p. 1). Thus, the advocacy challenge for the present action plan is the promotion of holistic child development in children adopted by LGBTQ+ families. Parenting among the LGBTQ+ community, although highly stigmatized and socially prejudiced, has become a widely popular phenomenon across the US and other families. According to Farr and Vâzquez (2020), “lesbian and gay (LG) adoptive parents in the United States (US) have increased in number and visibility; in fact, same-gender couples appear up to seven times more likely to have adopted children than different-gender couples” (p. 1). Hence, children adopted by LGBTQ+ partners, while having no explicit struggle within the family, are challenged by the external psychological impact of adoption and the stigma associated with the LGBTQ+ community. For this reason, in order to maximize the ECD, families, children, educational establishments, and social institutions should engage in the advocacy plan. Strengthening Families Protective Factors Children’s predisposition to external influence is a crucial factor in holistic development because the proper support system contributes to the vital process of social adjustment and adaptation to the environment. For this reason, when it comes to LGBTQ+ families who adopt children, the support system is important to build resilience to the stigma associated with the phenomenon. According to Farr and Vâzquez (2020), LGBTQ+ parents who experience microaggression are less likely to secure closeness with their children. On the contrary, children who are adopted struggle with attachment and identity issues and, hence, require meaningful communication and attention more than anyone. The protective factor of social connections stands for the importance of peer support in the process of bringing up children. According to Goodliff et al. (2018), “early childhood settings could be viewed as ‘socialization agencies,’ environments in which young children negotiate and learn more about the complexities and connections that make up relations” (p. 113). As a result, young children adopted by LGBTQ+ parents can subconsciously define their identity through stigmatized and biased interactions with others while also observing microaggression expressed toward their parents. In order to handle this risk of developing severe identity issues, social connections and the narrative of family relations should be defined through close interaction between parents, children, and early childhood educators. Advocacy Position Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory is one of the fundamental theories that address the significance of human interaction during early childhood development. According to this theory, the social environment is comprised of several aspects that have an explicit influence on the child’s development (Hupp & Jewell, 2019). When it comes to the context of young children adopted by LGBTQ+ parents, the two major ecological systems include the macro-and microsystem. The latter stands for a child’s immediate environment, which encompasses one’s nuclear family, school or educational establishment, and peers (Hupp & Jewell, 2019). The macrosystem, on the other hand, comprises social and cultural values that implicitly affect the behavioral patterns of children and their immediate environment. Thus, children adopted by LGBTQ+ parents are susceptible to the perception of their immediate environment. Meanwhile, both parents and children are affected by the common beliefs and values of the community that frequently condone homophobic behavior. In such a way, when parents do not know how to communicate with their children on the matter of their identity, they tend to distort the self-perception of a child and cause issues with their cognitive development. Thus, the concept of family and community relationships plays a critical role in the process of social adjustment for kids and their foster parents representing the LGBTQ+ community. Indeed, children are exposed to social pressure from children or educators on the matter of their parents or, if disclosed, their adoption. The issue becomes especially serious if children do not communicate about this sensitive topic with their families and receive no support from educators. In the NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct, it is indicated that mutual trust and respect are vital in terms of establishing a meaningful relationship with the child. Hence, parents need to analyze whether their decision to withhold the information crucial to the child’s perception of family and environment is in their best interest in the future. In many cases, the motivation not to initiate the conversation about sexuality and adoption concerns the desire to keep children safe from stigma for as long as possible and the lack of knowledge about what words to use to formulate the message. Hence, as far as the ideals of NAEYC (2011) Code of Ethical Conduct are concerned, the primary ideal to address is the statement I-1.2, which claims that the qualifications of an educator should include the information on child’s social development and the means of proper communication with their parents. Using this ideal, educators can develop a framework that helps both parents and children work in psychologically safe ways to communicate with little children on such important social topics as adoption, stigma, and gender and sexual diversity. When educators are aware of the means to communicate complex messages to children, they can assist parents and monitor the peer environment in the learning establishment. For example, when speaking of adoption, one of the recommendations is to incorporate the works on the early stages of child development to ensure that the child responds positively to the word (Rosenhaus, 2021). The number of these recommendations, when employed to help families, secure a meaningful change for the environment. Action Team The primary stakeholders of the proposed action plan to promote meaningful communication between LGBTQ+ parents and their adopted children include parents, children, child educators, and social organizations. The primary role of educators from learning establishments is to be the facilitator between the parent, the child, and the child’s immediate learning environment. By educating parents on the means of communication, the educator has the chance to help the child feel more confident and aware of their identity. Social organizations, for their part, will hold the role of counseling educators on various social phenomena such as sexuality, stigma, and discrimination. In this scenario, parents are responsible for receiving counseling and education in order to communicate meaningfully with their children. Moreover, they are expected to provide a support system for their kids. Action Plan In order for the aforementioned advocacy to be introduced, there are several steps to follow. The first step of the action plan is to create an extensive curriculum for college students specializing in early child development and education. For the creation of the plan, it is necessary to promote the collaboration between the NGOs, educators, and social initiatives that support the rhetoric of equality of eliminating stigma from the LGBTQ+ community and adopted children. The curriculum should include all the relevant data about the rhetoric that should be used to talk about sensitive topics. The second step ensures the education of the parents in two major ways. The first way is to ensure collaboration between the NGOs and social activists, and parents. This initiative can be done by creating workshops for LGBTQ+ parents and parents adopting a child. During these workshops, the parents are encouraged to learn more about themselves and the ways to discuss the children’s identity without feeling like these children are “special” or “left on their own.” Another way is to establish a proper roadmap of professional collaboration between educators and parents. While no parent is encouraged to reveal the status of an adoption or their sexual and gender identity, they should be aware that in case they require help, educators will be happy to counsel them and even serve as a facilitator during the parent-child dialogue. Finally, the educators will be engaged in the training on communicating with adopted children in the learning habitat. While children can be socially isolated or even bullied once sensitive information is revealed, early childhood interventions should encourage resilience and acceptance of social identity. By establishing this advocacy plan, educational establishments have the chance to bridge the gap of stigma and discrimination in the learning space, meanwhile securing the minimization of self-identity issues later in life. References Farr, R. H., & Vázquez, C. P. (2020). Stigma experiences, mental health, perceived parenting competence, and parent-child relationships among lesbian, gay, and heterosexual adoptive parents in the United States. Frontiers in Psychology, 11 (445), 1-16. Web. Goodliff, G., Canning, N., Parry, J., & Miller, L. (2018). Young children’s play and creativity: Multiple voices . Routledge. Hupp, S. & Jewell, J. (2020). The encyclopedia of child and adolescent development . John Wiley & Sons. Jeong, J., Franchett, E. E., Ramos de Oliveira, C. V., Rehmani, K., & Yousafzai, A. K. (2021). Parenting interventions to promote early child development in the first three years of life: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine, 18 (5), 1-51. Web. NAYEC. (2011). Code of ethical conduct and statement of commitment. Web. Rosenhaus, N. (2021). When to tell a child they were adopted & age-appropriate adoption language. Adoptions with Love. Web.

ESSAY: Advocacy as an Essential Component of Nursing Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Safeguarding and Apprising 3. Valuing 4. Mediating 5. Championing Social Justice 6. Conclusion 7. References Introduction Although this not necessarily is apparent at first sight, patient advocacy is an essential component of nursing. The American Nurses Association (n.d.) actually insists that medical practitioners support their patients “instinctively” (para. 1). The umbrella term of advocacy comprises a range of actions and practices, among which, according to Abbasinia et al (2019), are the following: safeguarding, apprising, valuing, mediating, and championing social justice. Each of these involves particular behavioral patterns, which also can differ from situation to situation; therefore, it is possible to state that several types of advocacy exist. The presentation seeks to identify what these are. The other questions to answer regard the appropriate behavioral patterns of an advocating nurse as well as his or her responsibilities. Safeguarding and Apprising Safeguarding means focusing on patient safety. The primary measure to improve it is tracking medical errors (Abbasinia et al., 2019). It is critical for nurses to minimize the frequency of mistakes they make as well as protect their patients from incompetent coworkers. To enable this, all staff members need to realize that people’s well-being is their core responsibility, and advocacy is essential for maintaining it. Apprising is providing the necessary information about the diagnosis, the treatment measures, and the prognosis. It is critical to remain patient-centered, which means discussing the treatment options with them and respecting their decisions. Potter et al. (2020) mention this approach among the fundamentals of nursing; it helps not only build a relationship of trust with patients, but also improve public health on a long-term perspective. Valuing An essential component of advocacy is valuing; without it, the other will be impossible. It stands for the manner in which nurses are to speak with patients as well as about them (Abbasinia et al., 2019). Notably, the patients’ preferences, beliefs, and needs should frame communication, giving them sufficient privacy and freedom to make decisions. From practitioners, such behavior requires perfect self-control, but this is not the only critical point. The American Nurses Association (n.d.) highlights that nurses should support their patients not only at workplace, but also at the community level to avoid stigmatization and discrimination of those. Mediating Another component, mediating, specifies one of the most important functions of junior medical personnel. Specifically, nurses are to link patients, their families, and healthcare professionals, enabling productive teamwork (Abbasinia et al., 2019). As Potter et al. (2020) insist, such behavior helps cement the healthcare system, integrating its components on the way to the common goals. It is noteworthy that nurses should be patients’ voices, that is, protect and pursue their interests. This involves not only communicating the necessity of patient advocacy to coworkers, but also the use of the available resources to simplify communication. Thus, it may be reasonable to appeal to social workers for the assessment of the needs disadvantages patients have, invite interpreters for English learners, and other. Championing Social Justice Finally, nurses have to provide not only healthcare, but also social justice. This, according to Scott & Scott (2020), is the point where their activity goes the furthest beyond the bedside. The change at the latter results from structural transformations of the entire system, medical, social, and political. Therefore, practitioners should oppose any rules and decisions that are unfavorable for patients, resolve ethical issues, and contribute to overcoming inequalities in access to health services (Potter et al., 2020). “Legislative and political” advocacy is another essential point in the manifest of the American Nurses Association (n.d., para. 1). This means the need to protest against the situations where patients experience oppression and, if possible, use legal tools to avoid those. Conclusion To summarize, advocacy in nursing lies in staying at the patients’ side at all levels of the healthcare system. Practitioners have to provide patients and their nearest people with all necessary information in a respectful manner as well as organize and maintain their interaction with healthcare professionals. In addition, they are responsible for patient safety, both in a particular facility and in the society. While the former means minimizing medical errors and incompetence, the latter presupposes a sociopolitical position that does not accept any forms of oppression against patients. References Abbasinia, M., Ahmadi, F., & Kazemnejad, A. (2019). Patient advocacy in nursing: A concept analysis. Nursing Ethics, 27 (3), 096973301983295. Web. American Nurses Association. (n.d.). Advocacy. Web. Potter, P., Perry, A., Stockert, P., & Hall, A. (2020). Fundamentals of nursing (10 th Ed.). Elsevier. Scott, Sh. M., & Scott, P. A. (2020). Nursing, advocacy and public policy. Nursing Ethics, 28 (5), 723-733. Web.

ESSAY: Aetna’s Digital Business Model Framework Essay (Critical Writing) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Digital Business Model Framework 3. Competition from Digital Companies 4. Rating on Organizational Capabilities 5. Competing Digitally 6. References Introduction Aetna is a managed healthcare company based in the United States. The firm sells traditional consumer-directed healthcare insurance and other related services. Examples include pharmaceutical, dental, medical, long-term care, disability plans, and behavioral health through insurance and benefit programs and Medicare. The history of Aetna can be traced back to 1853 when it was founded as Aetna Life Insurance Company in Connecticut (Aetna, Inc., n.d.). Aetna life insurance was originally an affiliate company t the Aetna Insurance Company, whose specialization was fire insurance. Aetna life insurance benefited greatly from its association with the bigger company, which already had a good reputation for speed and reliability in processing and paying claims. Etna Life could not continue being part of the broader company due to a new state law that was passed in 1849 preventing companies from offering both fire and life insurance. Since its establishment, the company has gone through tough times resulting from such events as new legislation, changing ownership forms, and even the 1861 civil war. It is the civil war that saw the company change its form of ownership as it became investor-owned. The insurance industry has undergone multiple critical changes that have affected how Aetna conducts its business. In the late 19 th century, a national wide depression of 1873 struck, which was further complicated by major changes in the method of payment of premiums. At the time, insurance companies started accepting interest-bearing notes, but bad press forced Aetna to go back to requiring all premiums paid in full and in cash. Aetna also became a family-owned business during the same period as Morgan G. Bulkeley’s son, Eliphalet Bulkeley, took over the leadership of the business, a position he retained for 43 years (Aetna, Inc., n.d.). In the 20 th century, the company decided to advance through innovation and diversification, which arguably laid the foundation of the modern operations of the company. For instance, Aetna started offering new forms of insurance, including accident and health insurance. Aetna was also among the first insurance company to offer a comprehensive insurance policy for automotive. Other policies covered marine, accident, and liability and casualty and surety for bonds. During the 1960s, after undergoing multiple changes throughout the world wars, Aetna started expanding globally in the 1960s. it purchased the Excelsior Life Insurance Company of Toronto in 1960 and later entered into an international agreement with Assicurazioni Generali S.p.A., an Italian company (Aetna, Inc., n.d.). Its international expansion has majorly been achieved through acquiring foreign firms. Digital Business Model Framework Digital businesses, either those that start that way or those that actively transform from analog to digital, must operate within a model framework. According to Weill and Woerner (2018), businesses that undertake digital transformation tend to find ways to create a persuasive new value proposition, majorly through a breakthrough in customer experience for a long time, changes in customer needs and behavior have been driven by technological advancements. Today, more customers are keen on solving life events as opposed to purchasing a single item. Applying this principle to the case of Aetna and the broader insurance industry, it can be argued that the clients will be interested in more than simply an insurance premium. The digital business model framework has been described by Weill and Woerner (2018) as a tool for building a digital enterprise. in this case, the firm needs to have greater knowledge of the customers to fully meet their needs. The business model framework comprises four quadrants, each with specific characteristics determined by how the firm related to both the customers and the entire value chain. The omnichannel is the upper left quadrant where firms that fall under it are deemed to have a deep knowledge of their consumers due to the direct relationship they enjoy. Additionally, these businesses offer access to products in multiple digital and physical channels, which ensure a seamless experience sought and expected by the clients. The suppliers are in the lower left quadrant, characterized by little knowledge of the customers and their preferences. The lack of a direct relationship emanated from the fact that suppliers could sell products and services through distributors. Ecosystem drivers are in the upper right quadrant and comprise businesses that offer both deep end-customer knowledge and a wide supply base. They sell both their products and those of their providers. Lastly, modular producers are in the lower right quadrant and comprise firms that offer distinct capabilities of an ecosystem driver but with little knowledge of their customer base. Aetna is majorly an insurance provider that sells products directly to customers. This means that the company hardly fits within the supplier quadrant, which comprises firms that sell through distributors and have little knowledge of customer preferences. If Aetna sold its premiums through agents, then it could easily fall under this quadrant. However, the fact that the firm is fully aware of its customers and seeks to create a seamless experience across the value chain means that Aetna falls under the omnichannel quadrant. The key feature of this quadrant is that it creates an integrated value chain comprising multiple products and a multichannel customer experience to address consumers’ life experiences. Through offering life and other forms of insurance, Aetna started in the omnichannel quadrant of the digital business model framework. However, Aetna has continued to grow and expand through acquisitions. In many cases, the policies sold by the acquired firms were not the same as those sold by Aetna. It can be argued that the acquired businesses are treated as providers of insurance products that can be sold by Aetna. In this case, it becomes apparent that Aetna may have started in the omnichannel quadrant but has slowly and gradually entered the modular producers. Weill and Woerner (2018) argue that the modular quadrant tends to offer the best of both requirements of a digital business. In other words, multiple channels and deep knowledge of the customer and customer’s needs through direct relationships make the modular quadrant the most efficient. Through the digitization and acquisition of both local and international insurance companies, Aetna has become a provider of a wide range of products offered through both digital and physical channels. The digital platform for Aetna may be predominant, but the company started as a traditional insurance firm with physical channels. Competition from Digital Companies Aetna was not the only early adopter of technology in insurance. In a market report prepared by Lineweaver (2019), three other insurers are also early adopters and they all have rated the new technologies as must-haves. The competitors are BCBS companies, United Healthcare, and Cigna, all of whom are large providers and direct rivals to Aetna. The level of competition can be labeled as a medium, at least at the digital framework, since different firms have followed varied paths towards digitization. However, the fact that there is relatively fewer large business means that each of the four insurers can survive the level of competition from the rivals. An important point to note is that there are relatively high barriers to entry, which means that the number of rival firms does not rise to significantly offer greater competition. The barriers are often in the form of development costs and state regulatory requirements. Such firms as Aetna have survived most of the historical legal changes, which have made them resilient and capable of escaping new laws. Another element that keeps the competition relatively low is the fact that these large insurers have adopted an expansion strategy that involves acquiring other insurance businesses. as mentioned earlier, Aetna’s international expansion focused almost exclusively on merging with foreign firms. The local expansion also follows the same trend, especially when developing their digital frameworks and platforms. The acquisition of rival firms tends to create a new type of market structure that gives the large companies monopolistic power. However, considering that there are more than one firm means that the digital insurance business in the United States is dominated by oligopolies whose market power emanates from buying rivals. It can be argued that digital health insurance comprises firms that have transformed from traditional insurers and those that have developed technologies to make the delivery of services better. This might increase the sources of competitive pressure for the insurers. A similar approach has been used by the businesses to reduce competition – Aetna and other large insurers acquire and enter other forms of strategic partnerships with tech businesses that offer digital services. The case of the CVS-Aetna deal embodies the core of this approach to competition. Rating on Organizational Capabilities The digital business model framework presents eight organizational capabilities needed by a next-generation firm. Considering the digital evolution of Aetna, it can be argued that the firm has made the necessary efforts to rate highly across all of the eight capabilities. The first capability involves gathering data regarding consumers, including their goals and needs (Weill & Woerner, 2018). In this regard, Aetna’s success is founded on its ability to offer a seamless user experience facilitated by a great knowledge of its consumers. The second capability involves amplifying the customer’s voice or making the client central to all corporate activities. At Aetna, the historical changes have been forced by the need to improve customer service. In other words, Aetna rates highly due to modeling its products and services around the consumer. The third capability is the culture of evidence-based decision-making, where Aetna also rates highly. The rationale is that most decisions have been influenced by market research and emerging trends in the insurance sector. The fourth capability involves offering an integrated, multichannel, and multiproduct customer experience. As discussed earlier, Aetna started in the omnichannel quadrant where the key feature is several products offered through many channels, both physical and digital. Further expansion has seen this practice extend towards the modular providers where Aetna gains more channels and products for its customers. The fifth capability is about being distinctive and occupying the best place perceived by the consumers (Weill & Woerner, 2018). Aetna is a unique business although competitors have followed an almost similar path. However, Aetna has succumbed to customer pressure and designed its products in line with the customer demands, which allows it to rate relatively higher in this capability. The sixth capability revolves around acquisitions and partnership. In this case, Aetna could rate the highest in the industry due to the multiple local and internal acquisitions and strategic partnerships. The seventh capability is service-enabling the core business capabilities and making them available through an application programming interface (API). The current technological developments at Aetna are evidence of how actively the company pursues the digitization of core services. The APIs are largely in the form of new software developed to give users new service portals from where the digital services can be accessed. Depending on the services offered, Aetna has developed a wide range of software applications with appealing user interfaces. The last capability is concerned with developing compliance, efficiency, and security in the form of corporate competencies (Weill & Woerner, 2018). All digital businesses actively pursue this capability out of necessity considering the regulations and threats involved in the digital markets. In this regard, Aetna makes sure to comply with all guidelines, including cybersecurity issues. Competing Digitally After developing digital competencies and capabilities, Aetna can now effectively compete with other companies digitally through content, digital platform, and customer experience. According to Brohan (2017), Aetna has continuously built out digital healthcare, often to deliver health insurance and related information. As of 2017, over 15 million of Aetna’s 19.5 million healthcare plan enrollees had access to digital healthcare portals, from which they can access their benefits and data. Additionally, Brohan (2017) finds that even though only 2% of the overall US population bought insurance in 2016, consumers are increasingly using the web to purchase insurance, which is the primary motivation for Aetna to continue building its digital platform. This initiative can be considered to be a competitive strategy where the company acknowledged trends and designs services and products to suit emerging needs. Any firm that can offer seamless online services where consumers can access everything they need using the digital platform tends to create a user experience desired by the consumers. Continuous improvement is conceptualized as a means of gaining a competitive edge in the market. Another mechanism that Aetna uses to compete digitally is the continuous improvement of the customer experience through content design and generation. In this case, the content revolves around the core data sought by consumers regarding their health and insurance coverage. Mobile applications are at the forefront of content creation and consumption. According to Small (2015), the rise of consumerism in the healthcare industry necessitates firms to keep their customers informed about such issues as plan choices and access. The content created in this regard is simply a means of keeping users engaged and educated, which in turn helps them make informed decisions. In marketing, content creation is often intended for use as a marketing tool where customers are provided with as much information as possible. As opposed to advertising and promotions, content creation targets the overall user behaviors and intention to purchase. Phone and table-based apps are preferred by insurers, including Aetna since these devices are used daily. References Aetna, Inc. (n.d.). Aetna Inc. – Company profile, information, business description, history, background information on Aetna Inc. Web. Brohan, M. (2017). Why Aetna keeps building out digital healthcare. Digital Commerce. Web. Lineweaver, N. (2019). The digital health competitive report: How the big 4 US insurers rank on digital feature awareness — and what it means for customer satisfaction. Business Insider. Web. Small, L. (2015). Health insurance and mobile engagement: What’s working, what’s new and what’s next [Special Report]. Fierce Healthcare. Web. Weill, P., & Woerner, S. (2018). What’s your digital business model? Six questions to help build your next-generation enterprise. Harvard Business Review Press.

ESSAY: Afghanistan’s History and Politics Report (Assessment) Historical Background An area of almost 653 thousand square meters, located in the territories of Southwest Asia, historically belongs to the state of Afghanistan. Afghanistan has no access to the sea or the ocean and is adjacent to other states from all sides. Thus, the country’s western borders are connected with Iran and Turkmenistan; to the north, it is adjacent to Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. On the southeastern side, Afghanistan is entirely bordered by Pakistan from the Gulf of Oman. Notably, the entire area of the state is located in the Iranian highlands, so much of the region is represented by mountainous and hilly terrain (Allchin, 2021). The Hindu Kush mountain system is the most represented there, as its hills, up to 7708 meters high, extend from east to west of the country. However, this does not mean that there are no plains there. On the contrary, to the north of the country, close to Tajikistan, Afghanistan has the Bactrian Plain, which contains a unique geographic area in the form of an extension of the clay-sandy Karakum desert. There are also mountainous depressions and valleys along other borders of the country, representing valuable clay and sand resources for the population. Geographical reasons fully determine the local climatic conditions, the impact of which is clearly visible in the Afghan vegetation. Thus, the climate there is typical subtropical continental, with the predominance of monsoon winds. In the summertime, the weather is usually hot and dry, but the local conditions rarely become cold with the onset of winter. Afghan summer temperatures can reach 122 ℉ while temperatures rarely drop below freezing in January (Allchin, 2021). While winters on the eastern side of Afghanistan are primarily cold, closer to the north and south, temperatures tend to be more comfortable and warmer. Most of the rainfall occurs during the winter and spring. At the same time, all river systems and lakes present in Afghanistan are brainless. This means that there is no system of underwater connections, and any flow of water is mainly related to its surface evaporation. As a consequence of a combination of climatic and geographic factors, the local flora is mainly characterized by aridity. Desert landscapes of the country, uniquely combined with mountainous terrain, give the country a large number of herbaceous plants, including cereals, legumes, and other flowering crops. Afghanistan is, first of all, a country with rich ancient history. Paleontological discoveries suggest that Afghanistan appears to be more than five thousand years old, and some argue that it was inhabited as far back as the late Paleolithic period (Allchin, 2021). The extended history becomes the reason for the wide variety of nationalities that inhabit Afghanistan. The largest populations here include Pashtuns (42%), Tajiks (28%), Hazaras (10%), Uzbeks (8%), Charaimaks (2.6%), Turkmen (2%), and other underrepresented nationalities, including Arabs, Mongols, and Kazakhs (AFP, 2021). Multi-ethnicity is the reason for the bilingual and trilingual nature of the local population: Afghans are generally fluent in Afghan and Persian, both of which belong to the Indo-European family of languages. As of 2021, Afghanistan’s population was 40 million before the events of the Afghan August (WPR, 2021). This diversity of multi-ethnic communities is reflected in the cultural and religious code. For example, most Afghans are typical Sunni orthodox Islamists. Among such followers, militancy, and bloody revenge, uniquely combined with hospitality, is often prevalent. The classical role of women as submissive mothers and faithful wives is also derived from this (Onsutti, 2019). In a sense, we can point out that Islam for contemporary Afghanistan is the bridge that connects disparate nationalities and smoothes out conflicts. Alternative religions are poorly represented and discouraged there: conversion to Christianity is punishable by death, and both Hinduism and Protestantism are prosecuted. Groups Represented in Afghanistan Afghanistan’s political life is associated with American and Soviet intervention, jihad, and terrorism. It might seem that the territory is the home of all terrorists, but that is not the case. By now, the fundamental religious and political groups fighting for power in Afghanistan are the Taliban, ISIS, al-Qaeda, and the Northern Resistance, which have weakened noticeably since the American withdrawal from Afghanistan (Wolf, 2021). It should be said that until August 15, 2021, when the country finally came under Taliban rule, Afghanistan professed a republican way with its president and constitution. Although there was an ongoing civil war in the country, Afghanistan was gradually moving away from the vector of Islamic radicalism and allowing more civil rights to the population. With the arrival of the Taliban, most of the reforms and gains of the last decade had already been reversed, and the progress made toward recognizing women’s rights and minorities had been erased. The classical Taliban movement is fundamentalist: their primary function is to inculcate in the Afghan people the formerly rigid order of Islam, with a strong recognition of clan ties and the five pillars of Islam. The Taliban has extreme political ambitions, as the seizure of power and the restructuring of the state require severe political initiatives from the group. ISIS may appear to be an ally of the Taliban since, from the outside, it gives the impression that the two groups have similar goals. Some similarities in functions do not guarantee a partnership, as the Taliban and ISIS are officially considered adversaries. The first mission of ISIS supporters apparently began in 2014 with Pakistan, when representatives promoted joining (Nazish, 2014). A year later, having reached the peak of their geopolitical influence, ISIS leaders officially announced their entry into Afghanistan as an adapted Wilayat Khorasan movement (Paybarah, 2021). ISIS’s Afghan representation was based on refugees and migrants from Pakistan who took advantage of the hospitality of the Afghan people. Over time, ISIS Afghanistan grew in political and religious power, and the U.S., then still present in Afghanistan, facilitated the removal of key figures in the movement (Morgan, 2020). Unofficially, but in fact, it was an act of cooperation between the U.S. military and the Taliban to eliminate a common serious enemy. Ultimately, the Afghan ISIS was defeated, and the leaders were either executed or imprisoned. Meanwhile, on August 26, 2021, ISIS claimed responsibility for a terrorist attack at the Kabul airport as thousands of refugees attempted to flee the country (Hubbard et al., 2021). The Taliban authorities reacted negatively to this act and executed the imprisoned ISIS members. Al-Qaida is also a representative of the Islamic terrorist organization present in Afghanistan, but the goals of this movement are different from the Taliban. Al-Qaida is known to have its origins in Bin Laden, a hardline, militant advocate (Wright, 2021). Al-Qaida is one of the harshest and most radical organizations: its members practice Wahhabism. Among the goals of this movement is the elimination of the Taliban, the spread of radical Islamism, and the formation of a worldwide caliphate. Thus, al-Qaida also has political ambitions, and their functions are more linked to the religious mission of Islam. Moreover, the creation of the Northern Alliance was triggered by the defeat of Afghan fighters by the Taliban regime in 1996, as a result of which the leaders of the fighting Afghans occupied northern territories of the country. The Northern Alliance sees the Taliban as a direct enemy, so the movement is enlisting the support of Western countries to fight the Taliban regime. There are reports that the Northern Alliance has close contact with the U.S. CIA, but the authenticity of this data is questionable. After 9/11, the power of the Northern Alliance declined rapidly and disappeared altogether with the end of the Taliban regime (Wolf, 2021). However, alliance sentiment persists in Afghanistan, and many people have not given up hope that the Northern Alliance will be revived and will be able to fight the Taliban effectively. References AFP. (2021). Afghanistan’s ethnic diversity and the role it plays in its politics . SCMP. Allchin, F. R. (2021). Afghanistan . The Britannica. Hubbard, B., Schmitt, E., & Rosenberg, M. (2021). After decades of war, ISIS and Al Qaeda can still wreak Havoc . NY Times. Web. Morgan, W. (2020). Our secret Taliban air force . The Washington Post. Nazish, K. (2014). The Islamic State is spreading into Pakistan . New Republic. Onsutti, A. L. M. (2019). Afghanistan . Countries and Their Cultures. Paybarah, A. (2020). What is the Islamic State Khorasan, a.k.a. ISIS-K? NY Times. Wolf, Z. B. (2020). Here are the groups vying for power in Afghanistan . CNN. WPR. (2021). Afghanistan population (Live) . WPR. Wright, R. (2021). Afghanistan, again, becomes a cradle for Jihadism – and Al Qaeda . The New Yorker.

ESSAY: Air Shipment of the Cremated Remains Essay Primarily, one should note that the country that I chose to perform the assignment is France. Undoubtedly, there are many consulates of France in the United States. However, to take the remains to the “homeland,” it is required to contact a special consulate general located in California, Los Angeles. In this context, a “mourner” should arrange a meeting in the office with a specialist two days in advance to discuss all the details and points regarding the dispatch of human remains and sealing an urn ( Shipment of cremated remains , 2019). Thus, the Consulate General of France in Los Angeles is one of the most relevant places to ask for help to remove “remnants.” Accordingly, I have to provide the following merchandise to the family in the future. First of all, it is necessary to prepare a package of particular documents. For instance, they include a death certificate of a loved one in the US, a medical report, and a certificate of cremation and sealing. Moreover, an attestation of the absence of extraneous attachments and closed sealing of the urn, a certificate of the lack of infectious diseases from the deceased, and a permit to import remains will be required. It is also essential to have a person’s permission to request repatriation and a certified French translation of the death and cremation certificate. Secondly, this family needs an urn with the ashes of the dead, located in a special airtight container. Moreover, there are not too complicated requirements regarding the transportation of the urn in France. A person must apply directly to the French consulate in the US and prepare a package of documents set out above. There are several airlines engaged in the transportation of ashes, one of the most reliable and well-known is Air France-KLM. In most cases, the tame frames are based on an agreement between funeral companies in America and the destination country. The consulate member I have had to communicate with is Julie Duhaut-Bedos. In addition, the flight booking service would be accompanied by the consulate’s help. Depending on the distance, it is necessary to book a direct flight or with a transfer. Furthermore, each airline offers individual conditions for the transportation of special cargo. The urn with the ashes of a loved one would be carefully sealed and placed in a special lockable box with dense walls. Transporting the loved one by plane is possible only in the luggage compartment. Reference Shipment of cremated remains. (2019). Consulate General of France in Los Angeles. Web.

ESSAY: Alabama and California Immigration Policies Essay Introduction In the United States, each state has its specially established laws regarding immigration on top of the governing federal laws. Consequently, some states have tougher immigration rules than others, depending on several factors. Some of these factors include demographics, geography, religion, history, and lawmakers. The state immigration policies shape the lives of immigrants in terms of education and socioeconomic status, among others. While Alabama and California have a relatively high immigrant populations, Alabama has tougher immigration policies than California. Immigration Laws In Alabama, the immigration policy regarding access to education is more unfavorable to undocumented immigrants compared to that of California. According to “Alabama state immigration laws” (2019), a new immigration policy requires schools to run checks on the immigration status of students to track and collect data. This controversial policy restricts immigrants from accessing public and state-owned schools (“Alabama state immigration laws,” 2019). Furthermore, despite the court having halted this law, Alabama education institutions are still causing havoc for immigrant students by making it impossible to access equal education as other students. California, on the contrary, ignores federal laws to run policies that favor immigrants’ access to education. The state prohibits running checks for immigration status during the administration of students in schools. Indeed, California passed the Dream Act, which allows immigrants to pay equal tuition fee rates as other Native Americans (“California laws protecting immigrants’ civil rights,” 2019). The policy allows immigrant students to pay in-state tuition fee rates as those of public universities (Migliarini & Stinson, 2021). The in-state immigrants can also apply and enjoy tuition fee-related financial benefits given to all students. For undocumented students, alternative ways of identification are allowed during the sitting of graduate exams. Theories of Power Alabama’s strict education policy against immigration could be explained by the state autonomy theory. In-state autonomy theory, a state politically operates towards retaining its territorial integrity against the indigenous or ethnic demands for independence (Svarstad, 2018). Alabama’s political powers retain their territorial power by denying the immigrants the chance to grow in terms of education. By limiting their level of educational access, the state ensures that the minority will forever remain dependent on the majority. Pluralism, on the other hand, explains the large acceptance of immigrants in California educational institutions. Pluralism is the recognition and acceptance of diversity in a political body (Svarstad, 2018). This power theory permits the coexistence of various lifestyles, convictions, and interests. California’s political system supports diversification by allowing immigrant students to access equal education as the Natives so long as it achieves a stable and democratic political power. The state promotes power across various elite groups, including minorities. Other Factors Explaining the Differences Demographic is a major factor that explains the differences in immigration policies between the two states. In Alabama, at least 3% of its general population is immigrants. As of 2019, 27% of the California population was composed of immigrants (Kashyap, 2019). The higher population of immigrants in California pushes the states to create a positive environment for the majority as opposed to Alabama. Furthermore, most of the immigrants in California are located in urban areas, in contrast to the majority of Alabama immigrants who live in rural areas. Socioeconomic status, history, and access to power are other factors that explain immigration law differences between the two states. Due to the lack of access to quality education and other public benefits as restricted by immigration policy in Alabama, the immigrants maintain low socioeconomic statuses compared to those living in California (Kashyap, 2019). In terms of history, California has a long history of having the largest number of immigrants, especially from as far as the 17th century (Kashyap, 2019). Alabama, on the other hand, has a shorter history of hosting immigrants hence the reluctance to embrace the ethnic groups. Lastly, California has easy access to power for immigrants considering their high population, which gives some immigrants a chance to be in political seats. Vying for a political seat in Alabama is impossible for immigrants, especially with the restricted I.D. application procedure. State of Migration Patterns in the States The existing immigration policies in the two states have altered the patterns of migration, with California having vivid and Alabama with fading patterns. The tougher immigration laws in Alabama have significantly reduced the growth of the immigrant population in the state. In the past 20 years, Alabama has started attracting a sizeable number of immigrants due to high potential growth for the group (Kashyap, 2019). However, the recently aligned policies have made it harder for immigrants to access education, health, and economic stability. The lack of these major factors that play a great role in human development has seen a reduced pattern of immigrants moving into the state. Although Alabama legalizes same-sex marriage, the patterns of migrations are likely to go graphically down in the future. California started to attract immigrants highly in the 1970s, and recent policies have increased the number of immigrants entering the state. In the United States, California is known to have the highest immigrant population, and the number is still growing in recent years (Kashyap, 2019). The favorable policies create a positive environment for the growth and development of immigrants in the country. The legalization of same-sex marriage in 2008 also played a role in pushing up the pattern of immigrants in the state. Furthermore, with more expected favorable immigrant policies, the patterns of migration to California will rise in the future. U.S. Supreme Court Prigg v. Pennsylvania, 41 U.S. 16 Pet. 539 539 (1842) The Pennsylvania statute of 1826 was deemed lawfully wrong for penalizing a slave owner that crossed jurisdictions to recover the slave. Edward Prigg, a citizen of Maryland State, was penalized in the court of Pennsylvania for forcibly taking a negro woman from the county to Maryland State. Margaret Morgan, a Negro slave, had escaped from Maryland to Pennsylvania in 1832. Morgan was the slave of Margret Ashmore according to the laws of Maryland. Prigg, as an agent and attorney to Ashmore, caused Morgan to be kidnapped and brought back to Maryland. The Pennsylvania law indicted Prigg for breaking the law which protected negro women from forcibly being taken and used for the slavery trade. The Pennsylvania court charged Prigg with felonies and imposed various penalties, including a sum of not less than 500 000 dollars and a jail sentence of not less than seven years which would be served under hard labor conditions, among other provisions. Prigg pleaded not guilty, and the case was moved to the Pennsylvanian Supreme court. The supreme nullified the statute judgment by citing that the ruling had violated constitutional provisions. According to the U.S. constitution of 1842, slaves were the property of the owner so long as the owner legally acquired them. Therefore, Prigg was not wrong for using whichever means possible as an attorney to help Ashmore recover her property, Morgan. In this case, the Pennsylvania State had to alter its case ruling as it violated constitutional law. The state changed its law by allowing slave owners to recover their slaves as their lost property. Lesson and Interpretation One lesson learned here is that the U.S. constitution always puts the majority, who are the Natives, over the minorities. States are under federal law, and even though they might develop laws in favor of the majority, their rulings may not hold in supreme courts. Concerning this topic, the U.S. constitution or federal law mostly favors Native Americans. The states have always wanted what is good for the minorities in the U.S. However, no matter how much the states may alter their policies to protect the immigrants, minorities will always be insecure about federal law. Conclusion Tougher immigration policies in Alabama make it difficult for immigrants to thrive in the state. California, on the contrary, has policies that set a positive environment for immigrants to prosper. The differences in the policy development in the two states are based on the immigrant population, history, access to power, and geography, among many other factors. As opposed to Alabama, California continues to have a rising pattern in migration activities. The pattern is expected to keep rising in the future while that of Alabama declines due to imposed immigration policies. The U.S. constitution has always put the interest of the Native Americans first despite the presence of minority ethnic groups in the country. References Alabama state immigration laws . (2019). Findlaw. Web. California laws protecting immigrants’ civil rights . (2019). State of California – Department of Justice – Office of the Attorney General. Web. Kashyap, M. B. (2019). Unsettling immigration laws: Settler colonialism and the US immigration legal system. Fordham Urb. LJ , 46 , 548. Web. Migliarini, V., & Stinson, C. (2021). Inclusive education in the (new) era of anti-immigration policy: Enacting equity for disabled English language learners. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education , 34 (1), 72-88. Web. Prigg v. Pennsylvania, 41 U.S. 539 (1842) . Web. Svarstad, H., Benjaminsen, T. A., & Overå, R. (2018). Power theories in political ecology. Journal of Political Ecology , 25 (1), 1-8. Web.

ESSAY: Allegory and Symbolism in “Good Country People” by Flannery O’Connor Essay Good Country People is a short allegorical story, written by Flannery O’Connor, about the dual nature of religious workers, loneliness, and egocentrism. Indeed, even the characters’ names possess a hidden meaning about their appearance, personality, or life. The story commences with the description of two old ladies and their children who belong to two different social classes. Mrs. Freeman is a maid in Mrs. Hopewell’s house, and the former was described as a woman with two primary unpleasant facial expressions for the public. Since the story was told from Mrs. Hopewell’s viewpoint, she was presented as a calm, polite, and tolerant person, noticing but forgiving other people’s flaws, including her daughter Joy, who chose the formal name Hulga. Their bitter coexistence was interrupted by a 19-year-old handsome man, Manley Pointer, who sold Bibles door-to-door and claimed to have the same heart disease as Joy but appeared to be a criminal. Through symbolism, O’Connor was able to convey the characters’ unique features with their names, connection to parents with Hulga’s wooden leg, Joy’s mindset with her glasses, and Pointer’s non-religiousness with the hollow Bible. The first symbol is the characters’ names that partly represent their fates and personalities. For example, the reader is not provided with the first names of Mrs. Freeman and Mrs. Hopewell. They acquired their last names from marriages, indirectly pointing to the only function that women could have in the South at that time, indicating the forced fate that is opposite of their actual situation. For instance, Mrs. Freeman is not a slave, but she is not free because she is a maid, while Mrs. Hopewell is hopeless. The women’s personalities were revealed in their dialogues and their children. Both are polite and consider themselves good individuals who sometimes have to endure other people’s rudeness or ignorance. Mrs. Freeman’s daughters, Glynese and Carramae, red and blond girls, whom Joy associated with Glycerin and Caramel, indicating a lack of respect for their chosen life path (O’Connor 2). Moreover, Joy was never joyful in reality; thus, she changed her name to Hulga to complete the image of an ugly person to avoid the traditional path of all South women. Specifically, she seemed to want to avoid marriage and childbirth. The second allegoric element in this story was Hulga’s wooden leg. This symbol represents her inability to become independent of her mother. Indeed, she still lives with her parent, is unemployed, and does not have relationships with other people. It appears that she was born with a congenital heart defect that, in the best-case scenario, would allow her to live until her forties (O’Connor 5). Still, Mrs. Hopewell wanted her daughter to get married at the right age. However, an accidental gunshot wound at the age of ten became a pivotal point in Joy’s life when she was implanted with the wooden leg and escaped the usual fate of her female counterparts. Despite a PhD degree, the girl did not work and lived with her mother, waiting for her own death. The appearance of Pointer gave her a tiny hope for a new life. However, the girl’s dreams did not become a reality because Hulga was deceived by the young man and lost her artificial leg. Nevertheless, the disappearance of her prosthesis was an allegory for the opportunity to detach from the parental home and start an adult life. The third allegoric element of the short story was Hulga’s glasses that Manley stole along with her wooden leg. Hulga’s glasses are her vision and ability to see the world clearly, both literally and figuratively. However, she was ready to refuse her beliefs for this man. Thus, she allowed him to take away her glasses during the moment of intimacy: “when her glasses got in his way, he took them off her and slipped them into his pocket” (O’Connor 13). Since Pointer escaped, Hulga was left without glasses because she no longer could look at the world through the lens of her old mindset. The fourth symbol was the young man’s suitcase with two Bibles. Indeed, one of the Bibles was an empty container for whiskey, cards, and condoms (O’Connor 15). The hollow represented not only Pointer’s absence of Christian beliefs but was also an allegory for the insincerity of some religious workers, who talk about God and are simultaneously involved in sinful acts. Furthermore, this picture and the young man’s altered behavior not only ruined Hulga’s hope for a different future but also confirmed her atheist believes. In summary, O’Connor’s Good Country People represents the issues of the dishonesty of religious workers, the difficulty of detaching from parental supervision, and the obsession of individuals with their goodness and other people’s faults. This story showed a painful experience of a young woman with poor health who failed to build social connections despite several university degrees. Four symbolic elements in this short story uncovered Hulga’s journey to detachment from her mother and old beliefs. The first was the characters’ names that described their appearance and personalities. The second was Hulga’s artificial leg as an anchor to her mother. The third was Hulga glasses, which the young man stole from her smoothly, becoming the critical facilitator of disillusionment. The fourth was Pointer’s suitcase with fake Bibles as a symbol of the falsity of his religiousness. Overall, the evil act of the young man left Hulga in rage and disappointment but with a more realistic perception of the world. Works Cited O’Connor, Flannery. Good Country People . Gothic Digital Series, 1955.

ESSAY: Allergic Rhinitis: Dianostic and Treatment Essay Allergic rhinitis is an intermittent or persistent inflammation of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, characterized by nasal congestion, discharge, itching, sneezing, and a combination of several symptoms is possible. In this situation, a 35-year-old patient presented with nasal congestion, eyelid edema, conjunctival erythema, allergic folds and spangles, and inflamed nostrils, which confirms her diagnosis (Seidman et al., 2015). A medical specialist identified some of the symptoms listed. The hypersensitivity reaction is the first type since allergic rhinitis is determined by it. The allergen, having entered the body for the first time, causes the appearance of specific antibodies, immunoglobulins, which are fixed on the surface of mast cells. Upon repeated contact of an already sensitized organism with an irritant, IgE-dependent activation of mast cells occurs (Hoyte & Nelson, 2018). This process causes the release of histamine, heparin, and other inflammatory mediators responsible for the manifestation of allergic reactions. In fact, pathophysiology implies that the initial intake of the allergen causes the production of IgE by plasma cells. Three subjective conclusions from this situation are: the patient experiences constant sneezing, considers the complication of infectious diseases and describes improvement away from home in a different climate. A specialist established objective conclusions: firstly, eyelid edema and allergic sheen caused by venous edema of the lower eyelid. In other words, allergies give inflammation to the eyes. Secondly, inflamed nostrils and an allergic fold indicate a stable runny nose. Thirdly, the constancy of these signs shows the constant close presence of a source of irritation. First of all, it is necessary to pass tests for sources of irritation, which are taken by the method of a swab from the nose. Based on the findings, pharmacological treatment with antihistamines and corticosteroid nasal sprays and decongestants is then prescribed to reduce congestion and symptoms (Hoyte & Nelson, 2018). Equally important are environmental control and nasal irrigation (Schuler IV & Montejo, 2021). Finally, as a consequence, as little contact with known allergens as possible should be ensured. In this case, the symptoms appeared around the same time as the cat appeared in the house. Since humans often show hypersensitivity to animal saliva, this option is very likely to be used as a hypothesis. Thus, the following approach is required. First of all, pharmacological treatment with intranasal antihistamines and reduction of contact with the cat is necessary if the source of hypersensitivity is confirmed (Seidman et al., 2015). If the proposed treatment is ineffective, it is necessary to resort to more complex pharmacological treatment or surgical interventions in the nasal area (Seidman et al., 2015). Antihistamine class of drugs and decongestants are offered as pharmacological treatment. Fexofenadine is the pharmacologically active metabolite of terfenadine; it does not have a sedative effect. The antihistamine effect appears after 1 hour, reaching a maximum after 6 hours, lasting for 24 hours. After 28 days of the administration, no addiction is observed, which is an achievement compared to similar drugs of the previous generation (Klimek et al., 2019). Phenylephrine is presented as a part of combined preparations for treating acute respiratory viral infections, and influenza is used to achieve a moderate vasoconstrictive effect. Reduces swelling and hyperemia of the nasal mucosa by stimulating α1-adrenergic receptors (Klimek et al., 2019). In this situation, the abuse of intranasal vasoconstrictor drugs, which can be addictive and only eliminate symptoms, is not recommended. It is also not recommended to wear masks and other personal protective equipment that restricts the respiratory system. References Hoyte, F. C., & Nelson, H. S. (2018). Recent advances in allergic rhinitis. F1000Research, 7. Klimek, L., Sperl, A., Becker, S., Mösges, R., & Tomazic, P. V. (2019). Current therapeutical strategies for allergic rhinitis. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 20 (1), 83-89. Web. Schuler IV, C. F., & Montejo, J. M. (2021). Allergic rhinitis in children and adolescents. Immunology and Allergy Clinics, 41 (4), 613-625. Web. Seidman, M. D., Gurgel, R. K., Lin, S. Y., Schwartz, S. R., Baroody, F. M., Bonner, J. R.,… & Nnacheta, L. C. (2015). Clinical practice guideline: allergic rhinitis executive summary. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 152 (2), 197-206. Web.

ESSAY: Amazon Company’s Warehousing Management Essay In less than two decades, Amazon has changed the way consumers think about online shopping. Before the launch of Prime in 2005, two-day shipping was virtually unheard of. However, nowadays, millions of people are users of this service. In the beginning, free two-day shipping was Prime’s biggest selling point. But as Amazon expanded, the promise of free two-day shipping came with a host of caveats. For example, the company does not deliver small goods, such as razors or hair ties, separately. Instead, customers must purchase $25 worth of items before Amazon ships those items. As for the clients, they are dissatisfied with such conditions. Del Valle (2019) argues that the Prime service is like a gimmick that gives shoppers a false sense of security till they go to the checkout and see a delivery date much later than expected. In turn, this solution is beneficial for the company, as it reduces the cost of delivery. To understand its motives, it’s important to descry Amazon’s warehousing. With the spread of the pandemic, consumers have become more likely to use online shopping. Waddell and Singh (2021) note that between 2015 and 2019, Amazon opened an average of about 75 new warehouses per year, ranging from huge warehouses and fulfillment centers too much smaller delivery stations. In turn, in 2020, Amazon opened nearly 300 new properties, allowing users to shorten the waiting time for an item. In addition to the quantitative aspect, it is important to consider the qualitative one. According to Organized chaos: Behind the scenes of Amazon’s inventory management system, Amazon has created a well-thought-out warehouse ecosystem that also helps speed up delivery. Thus, goods received at the warehouse are placed not by category, as is customary in most systems, but by the availability of free space. For example, a separate tube of toothpaste can be stored next to a car battery. Bowersox (2019) notes that first, it speeds up the product placement process and the order-picking process. Secondly, such storage allows a rational use of space in the warehouse. Moreover, robotics is used in warehouses, which also speeds up the process. Consumer Reports conducted an investigation into Amazon’s warehousing, from which the following conclusions can be drawn. According to Waddell and Singh (2021), first, Amazon opens most of its warehouses in areas with relatively large populations of people of color. Nationally, 69% of Amazon warehouses have more people of color living within a one-mile radius than the average area in their urban areas. Second, 57% of Amazon’s warehouses are located in areas with large numbers of low-income residents. Thus, Amazon is opening many warehouses in areas where land is cheap, which helps save money, open more outlets, and satisfy the demand of more consumers. Thus, as far as the financial side of the issue is concerned, the company receives significant benefits. However, several other problems follow from such a warehouse management strategy. Waddell and Singh (2021) affirm that people of color and low-income residents suffer from Amazon warehouses. It manifests itself in increased air pollution from trucks and vans, more dangerous streets for children, and other quality-of-life issues such as traffic congestion and almost constant noise. Amazon is capitalizing on a national legacy of racist policies that have divided cities across the country for generations and have disproportionately impacted the health and environment of communities of color. Thus, the huge warehouses that are popping up in many communities exacerbate existing problems, from noise to localized air pollution. References Bowersox, D. (2019). Warehousing, materials handling and packaging. In: Supply chain logistics management (5 th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Del Valle, G. (2019). Amazon created the expectation of 2-day shipping. Now it needs to scale back . Web. Organized chaos: Behind the scenes of Amazon’s inventory management system . (n.d.). Web. Waddell, K., & Singh, M. (2021). ‘ Warehouses in their backyards’: when Amazon expands, these communities pay the price . Web.

ESSAY: Amazon Firm’s Working Conditions and Atmosphere Case Study Amazon has grown to become one of the most important companies in the US. Millions of people rely on the highly efficient deliveries and cheap prices. Moreover, the company has turned into one of the largest employees, as numerous Amazon fulfillment centers are scattered across the country. With such scale, a wide range of issues inevitably arise. Recently the multiple complaints concerning the way Amazon treats it workers have managed to draw public attention. Therefore, a dedicate analysis is need in order to understand what kind of working conditions and atmosphere the IT giant provides. Key Problems: Job Dissatisfaction and High Turnover Rates Guaranteeing $15 an hour may be a nice incentive for people in poor neighborhoods, but only in the short run. Motivating people to work better by gradually increasing their pay would be not only more appealing and psychologically comfortable, but also highly beneficial in the long run. Task assignments and worker motivation interact through the extent of labor market competition – that is, the possibility of moving to another firm (Bar-Isaac & Levy, 2022). Therefore, Amazon should consider applying a more traditional approach to motivating workers, which will help to reduce current turnover rates. Cause: Poor Motivation Techniques E-commerce is no longer as lucrative as it used to be a decade ago. It has become the primary way people do shopping, especially in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, numerous new companies have jumped at the opportunity and managed to extend their market shares. Thus, Amazon is determined to cut costs substantially by various means, including the construction of its fulfillment centres in the neighborhoods that have not fully recovered from recent economic recessions. According to Kinicki (2020), turnover is one of the major outcomes that should be considered while tailoring the set of inputs. Currently, the company’s turnover rate continues to be extremely high. Desired Solution: Utilizing More Conservative Motivation Frameworks The emphasis on fear, the discouragement of camaraderie and many other Amazon’s current policies substantially undermine employee’s motivation and the company’s public image. The desired potential solution plan includes the introduction of systematic pay raises, the enhancement of bonus systems and changing the way employees are timed. These steps will help the IT giant to motivate employees in a much more positive and respectful way. References Bar-Isaac, H., & Lévy, R. (2022). Motivating employees through career paths. Journal of Labor Economics , 40 (1), 95–131. Web. Kinicki, A. (2020). Organizational behavior: A practical, problem-solving approach (3 rd ed.). McGraw Hill.

ESSAY: America Through the Prism of Barlow’s Original Vision and British Opinions Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Original Idea 3. Democracy 4. Social Order 5. Economic Stability 6. Conclusion 7. Works Cited Introduction America was discovered in the middle of the 15 th century, but opinions about this country and attitudes toward native citizens continued developing for many years. Some people tended to admire the development and success of the United States. Others argued about its ambiguity and the inability to keep a balance. In literary works, the American image underwent multiple changes. For example, in 1796, Joel Barlow introduced it as a youthful nation of virtuous simplicity. Within three-four decades, British authors like Charles Dickens, Alexis de Tocqueville, and Anthony Trollope questioned its social freedoms and public affairs. The comparison of the differences is a unique chance to understand why American civilization is never simple and clear but undergoes some changes and challenges from multiple perspectives. Instead of maintaining the characteristics of Barlow’s “hasty pudding,” new jeopardizing factors were revealed. In its intention to be free and equal, America damaged its individualism by social structures and imposed European traditions. Barlow’s original vision of the United States as a young and promising country and observations developed by Dickens, Tocqueville, and Trollope introduce a new two-way analysis of American democracy, social order, and economic stability. Original Idea Joel Barlow was a famous politician and poet who successfully transferred his knowledge and remarks into a mock-heroic project. “The Hasty-Pudding” is a unique poem because of a number of features, including the style, the applied literary devices, and the offered tone. Instead of describing the country using common language and simple words, Barlow wants to underline the importance of development. He shares his hopes that “till she [muse] in haste some further hints unfold, well for the young, nor useless to the old” (Barlow 11). The author prescribes many significant virtues to strengthen the country’s position in the world and promotes fast growth, focusing on how “in haste ‘tis serv’d, and then in equal haste” (Barlow 4). Compared to other poets, writers, and politicians, Barlow prefers a radical approach in discussing religious, social, and historical backgrounds. At the end of the 18th century, it was necessary to motivate people and get them ready to work hard and make all efforts. Inspiration is one of the essential goals of literature, and Barlow’s political knowledge helps fulfill this purpose and discuss democracy, freedom, and stability in the most attractive way. Democracy One of the most obvious things associated with America in the past or the present is its continuous strive for democracy. The British monarchy, French radicalism, and American democracy were three major controversies that had to co-exist in the international political arena. Tocqueville was a French political philosopher who defined democracy as a way of handling power and a style of life in America. Like Barlow, who tried to take the best opportunities from democratic ideas, Tocqueville was confident that this approach opened new horizons for the country’s development and the creation of practical citizens’ minds. This type of democracy was beneficial for American society because people were able to see what they had to see but not what they were imposed to follow. In his poem, Barlow proclaimed the necessity to “bear death to kings, and freedom to the world” (1). Thus, the law of America depended on people and their reaction to the events. In their turn, Dickens and Trollope did not show the same enthusiasm. With time, Dickens realized that American democracy brought “loathsome, drooping, or decayed” outcomes (216). His British resilience did not allow him to support and idealize America for a long period. His research was thorough to prove that this country was not English enough to captivate him. Trollope admitted Americans as observers who saw “things material rather than things social or picturesque” (303). Democracy was evident in the country, but it did not motivate but made everything available, meaning Americans should not work hard to invent something new but use available resources. There were not enough reasons for these authors to admire America, but their love and attention could not be ignored. Social Order Human relationships defined Americans in many ways in the 1800s, and the chosen authors demonstrated their visions about how social order had to be promoted. The original statement by Barlow is his inspiration from young and simple America when “I sing the sweets I know, the charms I feel/” and “the sweets of Hasty-Pudding Come” can “inspire my soul” (1). The author respects the roots of the nation “made of Indian corn” (Barlow 5). In the 1800s, the situation was dramatically changed and worsened because inequality in the social order was hard to resist. As such, individuals had to unite as per their interests and needs and prove their rights. Dickens recognized “Indians in fire of eye and gesture, Americans in strong and generous impulse,” and others “hard to deceive, prompt to act, lions in energy” (292). Trollope also observed negative consequences as Indians were repressed due to the government’s attention (217). Tocqueville’s democratic fascination was not stable as well because privileges for one group of people provoked pressure within another group. Together with motivation and desire to live a better life, social order was disrupted and damaged. Economic Stability At the same time, despite evident differences in opinions about public relationships, the original position developed by Barlow and the vision of America by Tocqueville, Trollope, and Dickens had some things in common. All of them agreed that the country’s economic stability was the profit at different stages of its progress. Barlow said that “Then let them steal the little stores they can/ and fill their granaries from the toils of man (8). People identified their priorities but never put their economic security under threat because of personal issues or social instability. Dickens, Tocqueville, and Trollope also believed that the way how Americans earned money could become a good example for their countries. Instead of criticizing their activities and focusing on negative aspects only, all authors agreed that the economic stability and prosperity of the nation were tremendous for that period. The youth and virtuous simplicity of the nation brought their benefits and empowered Americans for further steps and achievements. Conclusion At the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries, America was recognized as a competitive nation by many European countries. French and British writers and politicians shared their arguments to support Americans and identify their weak and strong sides. Barlow’s original vision of America as a young and ambitious country and an experienced combination of thoughts developed by Dickens, Tocqueville, and Trollope with time had many similar and diverse characteristics. Being unequal and democracy-challenged, American society was able to work and stabilize its economy to be an example for many European nations. Authors believed that simple and clear approaches to the organization of human activities and public relationships were not perfect, but it was enough to create a strong image for the future. Works Cited Barlow, Joel. The Hasty-Pudding: A Poem, in Three Cantos . William Storer, 1838. Dickens, Charles. American Notes for General Circulation . Vol. 1, Cambridge University Press, 2009. Trollope, Anthony. North America . Vol. 1, Cambridge University Press, 2012.

ESSAY: American and Lithuanian Cultural Environments Essay The cultures of America and Lithuania have been shaped over many years, combining languages, religion, eating habits, and much more. There are fewer immigrants in Lithuania, therefore, more cultural variations can be found in the US. In America, the English language is predominantly used for communication, while Lithuanian is used in Lithuania. In both cultures, there are also many other differences that researchers noticed when comparing. Americans are more open, while Lithuanians tend to be distant and unemotional. Americans believe that politeness and creative reactions are one of the prevailing factors for successful communication, while in Lithuania it is less important (Jakucionyte, 2020). Values in the US are often passed down from parents to children and depend on the religion the family adheres to. A few common factors are altruism and mutual assistance, as well as the desire for fulfillment in the profession (Smith et al., 2021). In Lithuania, the value of the family as an integral part of life is expressed. In Lithuania, the generally accepted religion is Christianity, while in America there are various preferences, but the predominant group is Protestants. At the same time, the population of Lithuania is in general less religious (Jakucionyte, 2020). While restaurant fast food is best known in the US, homemade food is popular in Lithuania (Pranskuniene et al., 2018). Americans use words of gratitude and apology in everyday life, while in Lithuania this happens less often (Jakucionyte, 2020). In Lithuania, aesthetic preferences are more noticeable in the historical style, while in the USA the modern one is more common. In conclusion, the comparison shows that the culture of these two countries is very different from each other. At the moment, it is believed that Americans are very hospitable and generous, they try to be thankful even with unfamiliar people. At the same time, in Lithuania, many people themselves admit that they lack politeness. The countries highlight different values, religions, and are representations of significantly different cultural groups. Reference Jakucionyte, V. (2020). Cross-cultural communication: Creativity and politeness strategies across cultures. A comparison of Lithuanian and American cultures. Creativity Studies , 13 (1), 164-178. Web. Pranskuniene, Z., Dauliute, R., Pranskunas, A., & Bernatoniene, J. (2018). Ethnopharmaceutical knowledge in Samogitia region of Lithuania: Where old traditions overlap with modern medicine. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine , 14 (1), 1-26. Web. Smith, C., Ritz, B., & Rotolo, M. (2021). Review of “Religious Parenting: Transmitting Faith and Values in Contemporary America”. Social Forces , 2, e10. Web.

ESSAY: American National Incident Management System Essay Following the 9/11 terrorist attack orchestrated by al Qaeda in 2001, America’s world transformed forever. Conspicuous changes included a fresh era and a new term called Homeland Security. Despite the lengthy pursuit of al Qaeda leader, Osama bin Laden and his ultimate killing by the Navy Seal team, the security threat to America’s homeland still continues. As demonstrated by more than 50 terror incidences, some thwarted while others successful, the U.S. must always remain watchful and continue to safeguard the country (Oliver et al., 2015). The principal strategies for responding to any terror occurrences and natural catastrophes are all anchored in local responders. Homeland security remains an organizational and administrative response to actual and potential threats. Therefore, National Incident Management System (NIMS) aligns with the homeland security structure in various ways. Firstly, following the 9/11 attack, the Homeland Security Act ordered every level of a government agency to NIMS for responding to any type and size of emergency. The objective of this direction was to provide a synchronized, unified, and joint response during any disaster. As part of efforts to reinforce homeland security, NIMS has a crucial component called Incident Command System (ICS) to address all disaster-related issues (Oliver et al., 2015). NIMS seeks to allay every friction and accelerate emergency arrangements encompassing various responses from many concerned institutions by acting as the common, scalable, and adjustable system used by involved parties. Moreover, its compulsion was strengthened in 2003 by Presidential Directive 5 on homeland security. Secondly, NIMS can fit into homeland security by offering a comprehensive, national tactic to case management pertinent across functional disciplines and every jurisdictional level. NIMS has matched this role by becoming appropriate across an entire spectrum of potential hazards, incidents, impacts, irrespective of complexity, location, or size (Oliver et al., 2015). It has improved cooperation and coordination between private entities and the public through various incident management undertakings and offering a unified standard for general incident handling. Thirdly, NIMS offers a reliable framework and method to enable management across all levels (local, state, and Federal) to collaborate to prevent, recover from, respond to, prepare for, and alleviate impacts of incidents. Explicitly, regular utilization of NIMS lays the foundation for effective and efficient responses from solitary agency fire reaction to a multijurisdictional natural catastrophe or bombing response. For instance, state agencies, which have embedded NIMS into their incident management system easily understand the protocols and procedures regarding response and expectations for personnel and equipment (Oliver et al., 2015). Therefore, NIMS offers a cohesion in readiness and response that permits diverse government bodies to integrate or create a seamless command during an emergency. In conclusion, America’s homeland security remains a key priority following the deadly 9/11 terror attack in 2001. NIMS structure plays an essential role in reinforcing this security objective in the country. The fundamental premise of NIMS in executing its mandate is that all incidents start and stop locally. The system does not draw command away from local authorities and the Federal government. It simply offers the required framework to upscale the capacity of responders, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector to work cohesively. NIMS acts as the baseline notion that connects all the relevant agencies towards providing enhanced homeland security. NIMS integrates the resources and capabilities of various incident emergency and management response disciplines, governmental jurisdictions, and private sectors into a coordinated, seamless, and cohesive framework for internal incident response and management. Reference Oliver, W. M., Marion, N. E., & Hill, J. B. (2015). Introduction to homeland security: Policy, organization, and administration . Jones and Bartlett.

ESSAY: American Slavery Arise and Abolition Essay American slavery arose as a way of exploiting labor within capitalism but gradually took shape in an autonomous socio-economic and political structure. Over time, a liberation movement began, which implied the illegality and unethical “ownership” of people. However, even after official emancipation, the slaves were dependent on the state and slave owners in the past, with a lack of resources for subsistence. Without documents, financial resources, and moral support, it was difficult for new members of society to integrate into a standard life. Additionally, discrimination and lack of inclusion as a phenomenon continued to exist. Slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War between the northern and southern states. The passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution in January 1865 brought a permanent end to slavery in the US, making it illegal and anti-constitutional. Currently, this phenomenon in the United States is considered one of the most shameful episodes in the history of the country. At the same time, an urgent question arises whether the state should have compensated the slaves for the material and spiritual damage that was caused to them in the process. Even if slave labor is not officially permitted and the slaves are freed, without the provision of basic resources for life, survival is unlikely. The concept and attitude of society also affect the acceptance rate of new members. In the case of unequal chances of receiving the same benefits, the slaves in the past have more difficulties, challenges, and complexities on the path of integration. In this regard, the new slaves were not truly emancipated, as they were still dependent on a source of resources for subsistence.

ESSAY: America’s Declining Social Capital Essay Robert Putnam makes the case that the United States has lost social capital and civil society over the last quarter-century after explaining the importance of social capital and civil society in democratic societies. Tocqueville during his visit to America said, “Americans of all ages, all stations in life, and all types of disposition are forever forming associations. There are not only commercial and industrial associations in which all take part, but others of a thousand different types—religious, moral, serious, futile, very general and very limited, immensely large and very minute…. Nothing, in my view, deserves more attention than the intellectual and moral associations in America” (Putmann, 2000, p. 65). Even though Putnam admits that determining the significance of a few countertrends without additional research is difficult, he concludes that critical factors such as social trust are eroding at an alarming rate in the United States. He then goes into great detail about this erosion, and he concludes by outlining the research required to investigate these theories thoroughly. This important book demonstrates that social capital decreased dramatically in the United States after the mid-to-late-1960s due to generational succession, the rise of television and urban sprawl, and the increasing demands placed on people’s time and money, among other factors. Numerous social problems have been implicated from the same, and as a result, ranging from poor educational outcomes to economic stress and tensions between and among social groups. The most likely solution to this problem is to re-establish social capital in the manner of the Progressive Era but using contemporary approaches. Societal norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness have developed due to the accumulation of social capital, defined as “connections among individuals’ social networks.” Social capital is regarded as having the same value as physical and human capital. In the same way, social networks are regarded as having the same value (Putnam, 2020, p. 19). According to the author of Bowling Alone, there has been a decline in social capital in contemporary America. The book investigates the causes and consequences of this decline and potential solutions. According to Putnam, there is a critical distinction between social capital that bridges everyone and bonds bind everyone together, including only those people. Outward-facing networks, as opposed to inward-facing networks primarily concerned with their members, are more likely to contain more inclusive social capital networks. Ethnic fraternal organizations and country clubs are two examples of this type of organization today. Diverse social cleavages, also known as bridging social capital networks, on the other hand, are outward-facing and include people from a wide range of social backgrounds. The civil rights movement and youth service organizations are examples of how social capital has been used to bridge gaps in recent history. The possibility that social capital might restrict freedom and equal opportunity must be considered for this project to be successful. Because social capital is often easily created when it is in opposition to something or someone else. It is imperative to develop bonding social capital, which is unfortunately much more accessible to develop than other types of social capital. It is necessary for those who are oppressed to build bridges of social capital to advance through increased generalized norms of reciprocity to achieve greater social mobility. Readers are required to develop new forms of social capital that are not currently available to complete Putnam’s final challenge. Work Cited Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. In Culture and politics (pp. 223-234). Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Web.

ESSAY: An Account of the Human Good Into Life Perspectives Essay Introduction In the first section of the reading provided, various matters determine the human good. According to the book, one can be happy depending on the decisions made and actions taken regarding the choice made about an issue. For example, if one builds a house, they will feel happy, and if they also feel healthy, the aspect of good is also revealed. In other words, the writer is trying to help the reader navigate that the human good can be achieved under everything as long as the subject is affiliated with the person behind it. Human beings choose some of the factors to define their happiness and aspect of goodness (Aristotle 8). Most people choose general instruments of life such as wealth, flutes, and many others. Assessment of Important Issues, Themes, and Concerns of the Readings Complete good is determined by self-sufficiency, which means a person will live according to the estimated limit when dealing with matters. The aspect of human good can be extended from one party to another, such as from parents to their children or friends to friends (Aristotle 8). According to the inner picture portrayed by the book, it seems human beings are structured in political, social, and economic settings that come in different formulas for achieving the common good. Happiness can be an agreeable subject, measured by what people feel concerning the completeness of human anatomy and general ways of living. Some elements such as the interdependence that people have with the environment can be associated with human good. Therefore, what is spoken or conveyed during sensitive societal settings defines the completeness of human beings (Aristotle 9). For example, if one is educated and has the roots of success, it means that the people who have been backing the person may benefit from the same, hence building the goodness more. The sketch of good can be drawn by showing what one has and what one lacks. The degree to which people seem to be satisfied by normal happenings such as rainfall, weather changes, and relationships with others can be a measure of good (Aristotle 9). A carpenter example is given to show the extent of discipline they have when it comes to measurements. In this matter, people have to do what appears more logical even if it may not be what they wish. These factors will be a limit to human beings, and they show the restrictions that are important in life. Some questions may arise from this context, and the reader may be baffled by the issues discussed in the book. First, how possible is it for human beings to be good to everyone if every aspect of the common good is self-centered? Second, can all people be the same in terms of traits that make them happy? And if they must be happy and do human good, what about the deficits left more so the environment such as plants, pets, and world animals? Thus, interrogating such issues in one’s mind may help one understand the account of human good and life perspectives. Critical Analysis of the Text The author has given a defense of the account of the good by supporting it with various elements. The main idea here is that the conclusions that people make from given premises will be harmonized by the true accounts of the subject matter (Aristotle 10). The truth must be compromised with false, and therefore, the clash between the two variables is seen in terms of the reaction and outcome of the matter. To understand the human good that the writer is talking about, people must think about the external, bodily, and soul perspectives. These three elements may notably categorize the metrics that can define the accounts of good in human life (Aristotle 10). The soul is often considered to offer a full account of the good from what people reason and decide to do with their reasoning. The author means that the soul is more powerful than the body in that the cognition of the account or the outcome of a task is articulated from the soul. It is important not to overlook the body as the doer. The context brought to light is that accounts of human goods are structured and reasoned by the soul before getting to the external perspectives. Happiness is a form of justifying the accounts of human good since many consider it a virtue (Aristotle 12). For example, if one is asleep or ill, they may not be feeling happy about it as some consider sleeping a measure of laxity while others say that illness is brought by evil. In short, human beings must engage in societal frameworks that define the ways of living, and the cultural essence is felt significantly at this point. Active people always feel happy about the level of engagement they have daily. For example, a person working in a busy food outlet may feel pleased by the nature of their job for various reasons. First, it enables them not to see a long day and keeps them focused and developing their minds and souls. Second, the personal interactions with the guests during food and beverage service may make them learn various aspects of life (Aristotle 12). Hence, they may feel like they have a significant role in teaching others the same. These factors make people happy, and they are considered the root sources of human good. Happiness is achieved in various ways, according to the text. By reading the topic well, indeed, one may not be able to differentiate whether happiness is achieved by learning or habituation (Aristotle 12). To elaborate on this matter, it is more reasonable to say that it is cultivated from both. Here, a reader has to understand a critical point on this note. First, creating own happiness is a way learned from life exploration. Second, habits that one has grown with may be a determining factor in achieving happiness. For example, if one knew that going to church is one way of becoming morally stable in society, then such people may be active in religion as they feel it strengthens their human good. By this point, it will be true to say that they have achieved happiness from habituation. Though, by keenly reading the book, one may wonder why happiness was not given as the super element of human good, assuming that it is a gift from God (Aristotle 11). This question probes one to investigate the possibility of having achievements that may not make one happy. The other concern from the topic is the level of happiness that one has to achieve, given that it can be a matter of self-efficacy and sociological well-being. The issue of fortune is a contentious matter at twilight since the book may not unveil the natural state of fineness that can be entrusted to bring human good. While reading the topic, it is clear that happiness is an activity of the soul, as mentioned earlier in this essay. Some goods determine the necessary conditions for happiness. The writer means that if one is healthy, wealthy, or successful, one can be triggered by the inner spirit from the soul to feel happy (Aristotle 14). These accounts of goods in human anatomy make it possible to achieve happiness. The political setting in the current society makes people express their happiness, and therefore, the metrics involved may be as forms of human goods. For example, diplomatic tensions probe people to start analyzing the power a given country has over the other. This, people, become happy when they notice their side is winning while the other party is losing. Similarly, a successful person may not be prosperous in matters in life, and that at some point, levels the human way of living hence, creating ways for people to experience good. If one had a breakthrough almost in whatever undertaking they came across, but they fail in the end, no one can say they die while happy (Aristotle 14). Therefore, the author means that happiness must be simultaneous with life aspects driven by cultural and ethical cues. There is concern about whether a human being may be happy during their lifetime through the book. For a reader to understand this, they must think about whether it is possible for one to be happy every time. According to the facts of life, the dead knows nothing, and therefore, they cannot feel happy when they do not live anymore. That brings the focus on whether or not human beings can be happy during their lifetime. It is important to consider the matters that make one happy and the duration in which the issues last to answer the question. For example, if one lived in blessings that made their life to be bright, it means at that point they were happy, and they had been satisfied by the human good. However, these kinds of people may at one point suffer from misfortune or unfortunate event that distorts their happiness significantly. From the understanding of the chapter, it is normal to experience both evil and good when one is living (Aristotle 15). Therefore, human beings can never be happy all their lifetime due to the uncertainties that come from time to time. However, a significant portion of human life is characterized by happiness from the human good (Aristotle 16). Even when someone is poor, they have many elements that make them happy as long as they feel contented with the little owned. Therefore, human goods that define happiness must balance the period in which one lives to determine if one can live happily or not. Conclusion The above text has given a rationale for human accounts of good when it comes to life. The book has given strong points about human good such as the decisions and actions that are taken to determine happiness. Additionally, human good is influenced by people’s perceptions concerning various events in life. The gap that has been left and needs to be researched is the relationship between human good and social well-being. Does it mean that it is difficult to have everyone happy and satisfied in their life? And if it is hard to please everyone, what measure of human good or the level of the subject can neutralize life situations so that everyone is happy? From researching the above elements, it will be easy to establish human good that drives people towards happiness and breakthrough in life. Work Cited Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics . Translated by Terence Irwin. 3rd ed., Hackett Publishing Company, 2019, pp. 8-17.

ESSAY: Analysis of Bosch Dishwasher Manual Essay The present essay analyzes a manual for the use of a dishwasher developed by Bosch. The first positive characteristic of this manual is that it contains a lot of illustrations that make it easier to understand how to use the dishwasher. For instance, the manual depicts how to add rinse aid, arrange crockery in the dishwasher, and remove baskets (Bosch, n.d.). Thus, the manual is focused on its audience, who is not expected to know very well how to use the dishwasher. Besides, the section on the installation of the machine is not detailed and contains only fundamental suggestions. Hence, the authors of the manual expect it to be installed by professionals. Another reason that proves that this manual focuses on the audience is that the largest part of the text is presented in the form of bullet points. Therefore, a user could easily and quickly find all necessary information in the manual. The manual is problem-oriented, purposeful, and persuasive because it addresses precise issues that users might face. For example, it explains how to select the right program for specific types of crockery and food remains, cancel and stop the program, and check the condition of the machine. Even though the text is written without technical terminology, the manual remains professional. This conclusion is based on the fact that in the instruction, one could find answers to a wide range of specific questions. The manual contains instructions on how to use the dishwasher, take care of it, install, dispose of wastes, and what to do in case of a failure. As it has already been mentioned, the examined manual is designed-centered. It contains numerous illustrations, schemes, and bullet points that make it easy to read. What is more, near the paragraphs with warnings, a related sign is inserted. The exclamation point in a red triangle draws the attention of a reader and makes him or her focus on the content of the section. The manual is also logical: the first section is dedicated to the components of the dishwasher; in the second one, the manual tells the audience how to put tableware in it. Afterward, there is information on how to add water softener, salt, and rinse aid. Finally, the manual explains how to take care of the device and how to act in case of a problem. In spite of the previously mentioned advantages of Boschs manual on the dishwasher, it could not be regarded as research- and technology-oriented. Undoubtedly, the instructions explain how to use such a technological development as a dishwasher. Still, it contains no signs of focusing on some specific technologies or research. It does not contain any references or explain how the dishwasher is working in detail. Nonetheless, this information is superfluous for ordinary people who only need to know how to switch it on and off and take care of it. The manual is ethical because it is objective, integrated, and was created by competent authors. Furthermore, this manual is ethical because it follows the rules of intellectual property protection and does not steal instructions from other producers. Another point on ethics, it that the authors are held responsible for the information that the manual contains. By publishing this manual, the company ensures that this information is reliable. Finally, the manual reveals no conflicts of interest or bias. References Bosch (n.d.). Dishwasher: Instructions to use. Web.

ESSAY: Analysis of Coronary Heart Disease Essay Table of Contents 1. Case Description 2. Normal Physiological Functioning 3. Pathophysiology 4. Clinical Manifestations 5. Influence on Body Systems 6. References Case Description Coronary heart disease is a widely diagnosed physiological impairment that adversely impacts human well-being, healthy functioning and often leads to increased mortality. One of the historical figures who suffered from coronary heart disease was President William Howard Taft, who died because of heart issues on March, 8, 1930 in Washington, DC. Taft was the 27 th President of the United States from 1909 till 1913; his Presidential office was followed by his appointment as a Chief Justice in the Supreme Court in 1930, soon after which he died (Fallon, 2019). This disease is particularly dependent on lifestyle choices, especially unhealthy diet, substance use, and limited movement (Severino et al., 2020). The illness is a prevailing heart problem that requires adequate prevention and treatment methods advancement. Normal Physiological Functioning The healthy functioning of the heart is based on the non-disrupted work of the organ when pumping blood to all body systems. Under normal circumstances in a healthy individual, the blood is transmitted to the heart through coronary arteries, which provide nutrients and oxygen to body organs (Severino et al., 2020). In a healthy individual, the coronary arteries are clear without any formations that would obstruct the flow of blood to the heart. In such a manner, the delivery of blood with oxygen and nutrients to the whole body is timely and undisrupted, which guarantees the healthy functioning of the whole physiological system. Pathophysiology Coronary heart disease develops when the normal physiological functioning of the heart is impaired. This impairment occurs under the influence of plaques in the coronary arteries. The disease is caused by “the presence of an obstructive atherosclerotic plaque, which causes a blood flow reduction to the myocardium” (Severino et al., 2020, p. 2). The build-up of plaque on the inside of arteries that makes them narrower and more difficult for blood to pass is called atherosclerosis, which is a factor contributing to coronary heart disease (Severino et al., 2020, p. 2). Atherosclerosis further results in myocardial ischemia, which might result in a heart attack and may lead to disability or death. Clinical Manifestations The clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease include symptoms and signs that might signalize the problem. Firstly, the signs that might indicate coronary heart disease in a patient include dizziness, cold sweat, pain in the neck, shortness of breath, difficulty sleeping, and weakness (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, n. d.). Secondly, chest pain is a common sign of heart problems in general and coronary heart disease in particular. However, women are “less likely than men to experience chest pain” but more often experience fatigue, nausea, pressure in the chest, and stomach pain (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, n. d., para. 5). These signs and symptoms might vary from patient to patient and be manifested more or less severely. Influence on Body Systems Since coronary heart disease causes a disruption in the heart, this impairment ultimately affects other vital body systems. Firstly, it might disrupt the functioning of the cardiovascular system due to possible complications. They include “acute coronary syndrome, including angina or heart attack, arrhythmia, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and sudden cardiac arrest” (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, n. d., para. 5). With the obstructed blood flow to the heart, blood supply to such systems as digestive, respiratory, muscular systems, and the brain are insufficient. That is why these systems might not function properly. Moreover, coronary heart disease adversely impacts the nervous system by disrupting its balanced functioning, which deteriorates heart function in the future. Thus, coronary heart disease is a severe health problem that might disrupt the normal physiological work of the whole body or its particular systems. References Fallon, C. K. (2019). Husbands’ hearts and women’s health: Gender, age, and heart disease in twentieth-century America. Bulletin of the History of Medicine , 93 (4), 577-609. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (n. d.). Coronary heart disease. Web. Severino, P., D’Amato, A., Pucci, M., Infusino, F., Adamo, F., Birtolo, L. I., Netti, L., Montefusco, G., Chimenti, C., Lavalle, C., Maestrini, V., Mancone, M., Chilian, W. M., & Fedele, F. (2020). Ischemic heart disease pathophysiology paradigms overview: From plaque activation to microvascular dysfunction. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21 (21), 1-30.

ESSAY: Analysis of Current Competitive Landscape Essay Referring to competition’s nature, the competitive landscape covers multiple aspects, including, the number and size of companies, their weaknesses and strengths, barriers to the market entry and exit, and substitutes’ threats. In the present day, it substantially differs from the traditional competitive environment that relied on large advertising budgets and economies of scale – and it continues to transform due to rapid technological progress. Due to constantly changing conditions, the contemporary competitive mindset is characterized by innovation, integration, flexibility, and speed. It relies on data in business decision-making in order to have competitive advantages and create transparent business processes, adapts to the latest market technologies, and aims to improve the consumer experience. In general, in order to stay competitive, the majority of companies focus on customer-oriented operations to meet people’s demands and strengthen brand awareness and loyalty. There are several drivers of the current competitive landscape, including new business models, consumer protection, price transparency, hypercompetition, and environmental awareness, however, the primary ones are flexibility and technologies. In other words, companies cannot implement only one strategy for stable growth and development and should use all technological advantages to outperform competitors. Thus, those companies that are flexible, apply various approaches, and see opportunities may succeed even in tough economic conditions. For instance, NVIDIA, a multinational technology company that designs graphics processing and chip units for professional markets, gaming, and mobile computing, performs excellently regardless of the COVID-19 recession. The company has taken advantage of a global lockdown and people’s self-isolation focusing on remote computing services and video gaming. For instance, approximately seven million Nintendo gaming consoles with NVIDIA’s chips were sold in the third quarter of 2020 (Fitch, 2020). This case demonstrates that in the current competitive landscape, those companies who may rapidly adapt to any conditions will be able to stay productive and highly demanded. Reference Fitch, A. (2020). Nvidia benefits from sustained pandemic-era remote work, videogaming demand. The Wall Street Journal . Web.

ESSAY: Analysis of Disney+ Value Proposition Research Paper Research indicates that streaming services are the future of content distribution. This format manages to grasp the very essence of the 21 st -century spirit and combines high-tech solutions with the familiar methods of pastime (Fagerjord & Kueng, 2019). Today, there are many services that offer such content, and it may be difficult to decide which one is best. As the analysis indicates, Disney+ is the optimal solution in this regard with the potential above Netflix. This platform is a combination of classics and modernity that creates an unprecedented quality of entertainment (Agnihotri & Bhattacharya, 2022). It draws inspiration from established franchises, such as Marvel, Pixar, and Star Wars , adding a new dimension to the familiar universes (Disney, 2022). Overall, Disney+ offers well-known pictures of its own production, as well as brand-new original content that meets the interests of most viewers, presenting it in the most convenient form that exists today. References Agnihotri, A., & Bhattacharya, S. (2022). Disney: Restructuring for success with video streaming service Disney+. SAGE Publications: SAGE Business Cases Originals. Disney. (2022). Disney Plus. Web. Fagerjord, A., & Kueng, L. (2019). Mapping the core actors and flows in streaming video services: What Netflix can tell us about these new media networks. Journal of Media Business Studies, 16 (3), 166–181. Web.

ESSAY: Analysis of Finance Fundamentals Essay A commercial business operates by increasing or maintaining profits. However, one of the agency costs is the excessive pre-requestive. This expense allows the contractor to get more, but does not affect the well-being of investors. Shirking of the company’s top management also creates agency costs, as it reduces the productivity of management and creates additional costs for the founders. Therefore, the earnings of other employees may decrease in this regard. In such a situation, a business must consider the ethics of its behavior. Corporate business requires companies to take full responsibility for how the achievement of their goals affects the world around them. Consumers, investors and employees of companies are aware of the possibilities of modern corporations (Bansal et al., 2021). In this regard, it is necessary to direct them not only to making a profit, but also to improving the life of society as a whole and developing human capital responsibility. The enterprise is obliged to carry out actions aimed at improving the condition of society, and not at its deterioration (Hoffman, 2018). The implementation of corporate social responsibility of the organization also includes responsibility to employees: the provision of an additional social package, which includes the formation of a pension system, medical insurance and recreation. The ethical attitude includes the sensational case of Wells Fargo, one of the largest US banking holdings. In 2016, about 2 million credit cards issued without the knowledge of customers were discovered, the bank was fined $ 185 million, and the management fired about 1,000 employees. Investors were dissatisfied with the fact that the bank had ceased to be reliable and lost confidence in the eyes of customers, and the public considered the real culprits of what had happened not to junior employees, but to top managers of the company. The profits of the company demonstrated a decline during this period. On the other hand, Nike is deeply convinced that it is possible to implement more sustainable practices in all areas of the company. To reduce the carbon footprint of Nike.com in the US, in 2020 the sports giant announced a partnership with environmental investment fund EFM. With the help of Nike, the foundation was able to plant more than 100 square kilometers of forest plantations to absorb carbon from the Earth’s atmosphere. Proper management and professional tree care increase the amount of recycled substances on Nike plantations by 30%. At the same, the revenue of the company kept on almost the same level as during the previous years due to increasing costs. However, the business maintained a reputation in the eyes of its customers. In conclusion, currently, many companies pay considerable attention to compliance with the principles of corporate social responsibility. This is based on the fact that it is the observance of the principles of social responsibility that allows enterprises to improve their performance, both economic and social performance. On the one hand, corporate social responsibility is seen as an essential element of the competition strategy. On the other hand, corporate social responsibility is a consequence of the ethical behavior of an organization in the market, which is associated with the attitude towards the subjects of the external and internal environment or with an approach that takes into account three main areas (ecology, economics, sociology) as a factor of sustainable development. References Bansal, P., Grewatsch, S., & Sharma, G. (2021). How COVID‐19 informs business sustainability research: It’s time for a systems perspective. Journal of Management Studies , 58 (2), 602-606. Web. Hoffman, A. J. (2018). The next phase of business sustainability. Stanford Social Innovation Review , 16 (2), 34-39. Web.

ESSAY: Analysis of Freddie Hunnard and Kenny Garrett Performance in 1985 Essay Table of Contents 1. Background 2. The performance 3. Group interaction 4. Overall reflection 5. Work Sited Background In 1985, Freddie Hunnard and Kenny Garrett jazz music in a jazz fest held in Berlin, Germany. At this concert, many people were present to watch and listen to the performance they enjoyed. The performance took one hour and twenty-seven minutes. The artists are highly skilled, making the performance to be outstanding. The players are good at their work, are professionals, and play the instrument with ease. One can also see that the players are enjoying playing the instruments is clear that they like what they are doing. This performance is suitable for country music songs like Kenny Rodgers songs. The beat is fit to qualify for country music. One can see that this performance was held in a hall, making it a suitable place because it accommodated a large audience. The audience did enjoy the performance because they are clapping joyfully and the end of the performance. Artists feel supported, encouraged and, appreciated by the audience by been cheered on by their audience. It encourages them to put more effort and skills in the play to impress. The performance Jazz music has a complex harmony, syncopated rhythms, and high emphasis on improvising. Moreover, this is present in this performance. There is teamwork in the performance, and musicians are remarkably cohesive. They are working together. I have noticed that they are collaborating very well in their work. Nobody performs before time, and each person knows exactly when to act. They have excellent timing techniques. The performance was terrific, and the musicians performed very relaxed, meaning they took their time to practice. They performed in a low soft tone. They are familiar with the instruments as I have seen them playing with a good tempo. The tempo of their song is languid. Improvisation is the act of creating or performing anything unexpectedly utilizing the available resource. In performing art, improvisation is an impromptu performance that is not pre-planned or written. Improvisation ability may be used in various artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic, and non-academic. It was well used in this fest, the available equipment was well utilized. Outside theater, improvisation can be found in engineering. Improvisation is solving a problem with the tools and resources that are available at that time. Guerrillas, insurgents, and criminals often use the improvised weapon. In this performance, the artists have a high quality of improvisation. This is because they were well prepared before they started the concert. In the performance, there is no single point where the players were confused about what to do, they played the instrument amazingly, and they were aware of what they were doing and the next step they were to make. Group interaction The keyboard performer for such tones requires these settings; tempo of 055 to 065, the voice of 007, style of 029 of Esurience, or 022 of Love songs. Startup is required, transpose of -2 to+2. This setting will maintain good audience participation, and this will help the audience not to fall asleep during the performance. The drum set needs to adjust to a higher tempo of hip-hop; this will also help break the concentration monotony. According to Von Stumn, a considerable body of empirical research has revealed that negative affect depressed and anxious mood is connected with poorer cognitive performance and worse cognitive flexibility. In this performance, the mood is affecting the way they perform. The artist seems to enjoy the performance because they are jovial and have a positive energy. The spirit of this performance is quite tiresome as the play is taking a long time in the concert. However, this does not imply that the commission is poor. At the end of the performance, the audience is happy, meaning they enjoyed the concert. Overall reflection This Jazz fest Berlin performance of 1885 is that it could have been a better and higher-quality performance. There are several considerations that one could have considered when planning the routine in this performance. Optimizing this performance should only be done when one is sure it is required. That may be the most crucial performance tweaking suggestion of all. One should adhere to industry-standard best practices and quickly execute one-use cases. That is not to say that one should alter any standard libraries or do complicated optimizations without demonstrating that they are essential (Jackson 27). Premature optimization in this situation wastes a lot of time and makes the code difficult to comprehend and maintain, making the performance worse. These optimizations often provide little value due to the effort spent improving non-critical components of one’s program. Following that, one may determine which parts of one’s program are excessively sluggish and need optimization. If used well in this situation, the results and the effect to the audience will be epic and mind-blowing. One can say that the optimization used in this performance was awesome given the experience of artists performing in this fest. Create a series of performance tests for the whole program. These extra test runs will assist one in identifying the functional and performance consequences of one’s modification and ensuring that one does not ship an update that is more harmful than helpful. This is particularly critical if one works on components utilized by several program portions, such as databases or caches. Concatenate strings programmatically using String Builder (Jackson 23). There are several ways to concatenate Strings in Java. One might, for instance, use a simple + or +=, or the venerable String Buffering. Which method, therefore, should one take? It is determined by the concatenation code used to join the Strings. If one adds new material to the String programmatically, for example, in a for-loop, one should use the String Builder. This further increase its efficiency since it eliminates the requirement for dynamic extends a city dynamically. This performance has that quality, yet it is lacking in detail. It must be tweaked for greater precision and performance. Primitives should be used whenever feasible. Another fast and straightforward technique to eliminate overhead and boost one’s application’s speed is to utilize basic types rather than wrapper classes. Thus, it is preferable to use into rather than an integer or a double rather than a double. This enables one JVM to store the value on the stack rather than the heap, reducing memory usage and processing time. If this Jazz fest Berlin performance had observed all these tips, they could have improved their quality to their audience, making it even better. Jazz music has always been fascinating and outstanding especially when played by experienced artists. This type of music has greatly improved since the date of performance in this concert in terms of equipment used. Work Sited Jackson, Travis A. “Jazz performance as ritual: The blues aesthetic and the African diaspora.” The African Diaspora . Routledge, 2018. 23-82.

ESSAY: Analysis of Guaman Poma Life Effects Essay Guaman Poma witnessed the injustices of the colonial government and personally suffered by its hands. He was the descendant of Incan noblemen who grew up after the conquest of Peru by the Spanish. His family was stripped of their lands and titles, and his attempts to regain them were continuously rebuffed by the colonial government (Kilroy-Ewbank, n.d.). Although he initially worked with the colonialists, Poma was exiled for supposedly false claims of nobility and then decided to publicly denounce the Spanish treatment of natives. He published a 1200-page illustrated document addressed to the Spanish king, chronicling the Andean way of life before invasion and the abuses they had suffered since under the Conquistadors. Poma’s manuscript illustrates the full horrors of colonialism and argues that the Spanish were foreign settlers who had no right to take control of the land God had given to Peruvians. He proposes a system of political organization wherein the government is representative of its people and adapted to their practical needs (Kilroy-Ewbank, n.d.). Poma has thus made a significant contribution to the discussions of liberty, political representation, social responsibility, and self-determinacy of individual states. His notion that the government should be created for and by the people that have historically occupied the land it rules over is strikingly modern. Furthermore, Poma’s work completely refutes the idea that Europeans brought civilization and political organization to the Incas. This interpretation is revealed as only a hypocritical pretense to justify violence, economic exploitation, and cultural erasure as a means of political control. It portrays how an entire way of life was completely destroyed and lost as its people were deprived of their freedom and forced to assimilate. Although Poma admires the moral standards the Spanish purport to uphold, he shows that they have not actually measured up to them. References Kilroy-Ewbank, L. (n.d.) Guaman Poma and the first new chronicle and good government. Khan Academy . Web. National University. (2022). Lecture.

ESSAY: Analysis of Heart Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment Essay Table of Contents 1. Background 2. Systolic Heart Failure Overview 3. Diastolic Heart Failure Overview 4. Pathophysiology 5. References Background Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of hospitalization among older adults and, if left unchecked, might lead to lethal outcomes. It is a chronic syndrome associated with abnormalities of cardiac function, generally prevalent on the left side of the heart (Arrigo et al., 2020). There are approximately 6 million Americans with the diagnosed varieties of HF, who require continual medical services (Charles, 2021). The current paper examines the two types of HF – systolic and diastolic – and explains the differences between the varieties based on the case study. Systolic Heart Failure Overview Of the two types of HF, systolic HF or HF with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) occurs slightly less frequently. As seen from the name, it occurs when the heart’s left ventricle becomes weakened and cannot pump the necessary amount of blood (Charles, 2021). The two primary causes of heart failure, in general, are hypertension and coronary artery disease, while myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, and valvular heart disease are unique to HFrEF (Rivera & Menaker, 2017). Some of the symptoms include chest pain, fatigue, nausea, shortness of breath, swelling, coughing, and other associated signs (Charles, 2021). However, it is essential to conduct a physical examination, electrocardiography, and tests to establish an accurate diagnosis. Diastolic Heart Failure Overview Diastolic HF or HF with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) occurs due to the stiffness of the left ventricle. The heart maintains its entire capacity to contract; however, during HFpEF, blood vessels lose elasticity, which leads to a lack of available blood (Charles, 2021). The common causes unique to diastolic HF include diabetes, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle (Charles, 2021). Most of the symptoms of HFpEF are similar to HFrEF, and a more thorough examination is required. Pathophysiology Consequently, it is crucial to discuss the pathophysiology of the condition based on the case study. The patient demonstrates the common symptoms of HF, such as fatigue, chest pain, swelling, and shortness of breath. Furthermore, the medical history reports hypertension (a common cause of both HF types), but also high cholesterol and Type 2 diabetes, which are more prevalent in diastolic HF (Rivera & Menaker, 2017). An elevated heart rate of 110 bpm and a very low ejection fraction of 25% imply a severe degree of heart failure and direct risk to a patient’s life (Oh & Cho, 2020). Furthermore, 69% of HFrEFs and 77% of HFpEFs are associated with increased BP, which is another direct sign of HF (Oh & Cho, 2020). The decreased wall motion found by echocardiogram signals HFpEF due to the increased stiffness of the anterior wall (Plitt et al., 2018). Consequently, an emergence of a third heart sound or S3 and elevated jugular venous distention are definitive symptoms of both HF types (Rivera & Menaker, 2017). Ultimately, the patient demonstrates obvious signs of heart failure and, most likely, an HFpEF sub-type. Other symptoms include dyspnea on exertion, pitting edema, jugular vein distention, and orthopnea. Dyspnea on exertion is a common symptom for both types of HF (Rivera & Menaker, 2017). Jugular vein distention and orthopnea are also frequent signs of both types of HF (Rivera & Menaker, 2017). On the other hand, pitting edema implies diastolic dysfunction, as blood continues to fill the right side of the heart during HFpEF, resulting in pitting edema in the legs (Rivera & Menaker, 2017). Ultimately, while both varieties of HF are similar and are frequently complicated to distinguish, the patient most likely suffers from HFpEF. References Arrigo, M., Jessup, M., Mullens, W., Reza, N., Shah, A. M., Sliwa, K., & Mebazaa, A. (2020). Acute heart failure. Nature Reviews Disease Primers , 6 (1), 1-15. Charles, S. (2021). Systolic vs. diastolic heart failure. Very Well Health. Web. Oh, G. C., & Cho, H. J. (2020). Blood pressure and heart failure. Clinical hypertension , 26 (1), 1-8. Plitt, G. D., Spring, J. T., Moulton, M. J., & Agrawal, D. K. (2018). Mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and diastolic dysfunction. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy , 16 (8), 579-589. Rivera, L. A. J., & Menaker, J. (2017). Systolic and diastolic heart failure. ReliasMedia. Web.

ESSAY: Analysis of Marital Relationship Problems Research Paper Family relations are becoming increasingly important in the modern world. This cell of society has the opportunity to form the most favorable conditions for future generations. That is why it is necessary to research and find ways to solve problems, difficulties and disagreements between husbands and wives. This is also critically important due to the fact that even at present, the deterioration of family ties will negatively affect not only society, but also the psychological and physical health of individuals (Salinger and Whisman, 2021). At the moment, the Western model of marital relations is particularly widespread, where the relationship is based on friendliness and taking into account the person’s personality as the most important indicator. It is important to note the fact that the relationship between spouses is a direct reflection of the trends in the development of society. This is due to the fact that social conditions are constantly changing and transforming, presenting new requirements to the institution of the family. Hence, recently, the roles of husband and wife have been changing in values. There are often cases where a woman becomes the breadwinner of the family and assumes all responsibility, becoming a leader. However, an integral part of the union of men and women is following religious concepts. Moreover, faith emphasizes the preservation of traditional ideological values. The way people will relate to faith can be passed on to the next generations, which will have both a positive and non-negative character. That is why it is necessary to grow children taking into account religion based on mutual understanding, love and empathy. Modern society, despite its rapid development, is characterized by a sufficient number of social problems. The need to solve them is to improve people’s relationships for the further well-being of other generations. Hence, one of the important questions is the survey of marital relations and issues that may arise in them. It should be noted that in this aspect, the importance of religion and its postulates plays an important role. Thus, this work examines the problems of matrimony, the ways to solve them and the use of faith for a better understanding of the problem. Therefore, more and more literature and scientific works appear on the topic of the relationship between husband and wife. Moreover, special attention is paid to their influence both on social life and on the psychological and physical condition of the spouses (Masoumi et al., 2017). The family as an institution of society occupies one of the central places, therefore it is characterized by increased interest from researchers in various fields. Similarly, this aspect attracts religion into its component, since it can become both a way of uniting spouses and a cause of disagreement. Despite this, most of the studies prove the positive influence of faith on this type of people’s relationships. For these reasons, it is necessary to fully understand the marital relationship, which is characterized by constant changes over time. It is also influenced by such external factors as modernization and globalization. To a greater extent, they influenced the development of the concept of a friendly marriage, which has the features of a partnership relationship, where both parts consciously approach solving many issues and understanding what is happening. However, even in this case, negative and stressful situations may arise that require timely solutions and a sober attitude (Masoumi et al., 2017). Moreover, such healthy relationships are described by a high degree of closeness of spouses, a special level of affection, mutual understanding and empathy. The development of technology and changes in social values have a special effect on the institution of marriage. Hence, in modern society, there is such a type of nuclear family, where a man is engaged in mining to ensure the material side of the family, and a woman is more often engaged in preserving the hearth and caring for children. However, it is also possible to have families where these roles change and the woman is engaged in earnings, and the man is engaged in household aspects. In addition, the Western family model is spreading all over the world, where the main component is just the same friendly relations, and then romantic ones. Therefore, the modern Western model of the family is characterized by a focus on the personality of the partners, and not on the economic or status component. Unlike past experience, in society, first of all, people choose their life partners based on certain qualities, and then according to the level of wealth and position. Moreover, the age gap between generations is growing, which complicates the relationship between, for example, children and parents. This is due to the shift in the pace of formation and establishment of the individual. Family values and patterns of behavior are also changing, adaptation to which may cause some disagreements and issues. The leader in the family is not always the male breadwinner, which also has its own special influence. A stable and satisfying marriage can become an important source of emotional and instrumental support throughout adult life. In addition, it is associated with increased economic well-being, mental and physical health (Rajabi et al., 2020). Some of these obvious advantages of marriage may be the result of improved health behavior among married people, care and control by a spouse, or, first of all, the selection of the healthiest, happiest and economically well-off men and women in stable marriages. Although the exact nature of the processes leading to these positive outcomes is not entirely clear, marriage is associated with important benefits for older Americans. It is worth noting that the close relationship between spouses is based on emotional support and trust. It is these aspects that will contribute to such a concept as a healthy marriage. The difference of interests in a couple can also become a way of bonding. Even if they are different, the main thing is to enjoy each other’s company. Moreover, a healthy relationship between husband and wife is a means of well-being and makes it possible to effectively manage emerging stresses. Conflict situations and problems in this case do not disappear anywhere, but they can be solved much faster and manifest themselves much less often. Moreover, when dealing with different isuues, spouses are even more united and can bring more benefits to society. Thus, as already mentioned, stressful situations are inevitable and their solution is sometimes quite difficult. One of these problems may be the financial side of creating and maintaining a family. This issue is more often mentioned in the sources and may have one of the most harmful effects. It is noted that disputes over money often conceal the desire to have power over the cell of society. Moreover, it can be caused by different views on the family structure and values that one of the spouses has formed during the formation of personality. Thus, this problem increases the occurrence of difficulties, negatively affecting the psychological state of the husband or wife. The next problem is everything related to the birth and upbringing of children. These family members generally always contribute to increasing tension in the family, especially at the stages of preparation for parenthood and in the first period of caring for offspring. On the other hand, children in family relationships can significantly affect the cohesion, improvement of their responsibilities and care (Mahoney et al., 2021). With the advent of new family shuttles, however, the spouses manage to pay less and less attention to each other, which also causes conflicts and disputes. Daily stress in everyday life also has its contribution. Sometimes. It may be insignificant, but over time, tension can accumulate and become the result of a strong conflict. Under such conditions, it is important to see the irritated or depressed state of the partner. This will help to regulate stress and avoid possible consequences. Successful stress management promotes the development of emotional support skills, which will help with a possible recurrence of the situation. The next problem that needs to be mentioned is the lack of time. It can be caused by many factors, but most often occurs due to the work schedule of one of the spouses. This situation affects not only the mental, but also the physical health of the spouses. A husband and wife may feel alienated and deprived of their former strong bond. Because of this, an issue of communication problems may leak out, which will disrupt the dynamics of the functioning of the family institution. Sometimes, analyzing the interaction of spouses based on their way of communication can immediately make it clear whether their marriage will last or not. The positive side is the fact that all of the above problems can be easily solved. If attempts to fix the situation on their own fail, many couples can turn to the help of family therapy. This aspect of working with a specialist, as if by an outside spectator, will help to come to a balanced decision and change the spouses’ ideas about the importance and criticality of any problem. Religion and theology also pay considerable attention to how the institution of family relations develops in modern society. Thus, research comes to the conclusion that faith can contribute to both improvement and deterioration of the situation in the family (Kelley et al., 2020). A special place should be given to religion in the issue under study, since without God there is no real and sincere humanity in people, thereby proper relationships cannot be formed. Thus, based on the postulates of faith, it is possible to deepen and improve the understanding of such a social phenomenon as family relations and their problems. Moreover, this knowledge contributes to a more effective analysis of changes in this institution over time and the identification of future trends in its development. Without taking into account religious aspects, people risk getting rid of the understanding of the main values and the role of creating a family, which will have a negative impact in the future. On the part of theology, in contrast to more methodical data, three main points can be distinguished in family relations. Certain roles must be formed between the spouses, which were prescribed to them by the Almighty. This type of relationship requires the creation of bonds of dependence and service between the wife and husband. Further, these vocations of the spouses have a justification in the grace of Jesus himself, which determines the essence of the marital relationship. It also helps to cope better with conflict situations and brings a man and a woman closer to faith. In addition, the conclusion of marriage ties implies the creation of a community of love and life, forming a kind of home church. However, due to the fact that this aspect is increasingly ignored in modern society, many difficulties arise. Due to the distance of people from faith, the moment of spirituality disappears and a moral distortion of society arises. Moreover, there is an increasing tendency among men and women to dissolve marital ties. This is due to the rejection of religious values, whether it is the faith of one of the spouses or the complete absence of it from the husband and wife. It is worth agreeing that religion and spirituality do not have such a significant role in the formation of romantic relationships, but in the future they should gain more power and authority. If people overlook this fact, the situation in the family can significantly worsen and lead to undesirable consequences (Aman et al., 2019). in the longer term, spiritual contradictions can worsen, expand and undermine romanticism in relationships. Taking into account religion can give partners the opportunity to unite and avoid the occurrence of stressful cases. It is worth noting that the religious views of parents in the future strongly affect their children. This fact is especially valuable because it has a role in shaping future generations and how the society of the future will view religion. Thus, families where concepts such as pacification, harmony and mutual support in religious matters are neglected, much more issues occur. In other cases, children and parents find a source of peace and interest at the same time, depriving family members to commit sinful acts. Among the practices that must be had in every family, holding a joint prayer is noted, which has a beneficial effect (King et al., 2020)health. Thus, the members of this cell of society form a sense of cohesion and a goal to achieve and strive for the best for the benefit of each other. Therefore, the study and analysis of family relations is of valuable importance. This activity will contribute to a deeper and clearer understanding of this public institution and minimize the occurrence of problems related to marriage. Naturally, the creation of a family is accompanied by many difficulties, but with a sober look at the relationship between husband and wife, it will help to solve them in a timely and effective manner. Moreover, regardless of methodological research and data, it is important to take into account such an aspect as religion. It plays an important role in family relations, as it contributes to the creation of cohesion and mutual understanding in the family. References Aman, J., Abbas, J., Nurunnabi, M., & Bano, S. (2019). The relationship of religiosity and marital satisfaction: the role of religious commitment and practices on marital satisfaction among Pakistani respondents. Behavioral Sciences, 9 (3), 30. Web. Kazemi, M., Saadati, N., & Navabinejad, S. (2017). Effectiveness of marital life enrichment based on Choice Theory on quality of marital relationship and couples’ intimacy. Journal of Applied Psychology, 11(3), 353-372. Kelley, H. H., Marks, L. D., & Dollahite, D. C. (2020). Uniting and dividing Influences of religion in marriage among highly religious couples. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 12 (2), 167-177. Web. King, V. K., Wickrama, K. A. S., & Beach S. R. H. (2020). Religiosity and joint activities of husbands and wives in enduring marriages. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality . Web. Mahoney, A., Pargament, K. I., & DeMaris, A. (2021). Spiritual intimacy, spiritual one-upmanship, and marital conflict across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Family Psychology, 35 (4), 552. Web. Masoumi, S. Z., Khani, S., Kazemi, F., Kalhori, F., Ebrahimi, R., & Roshanaei, G. (2017). Effect of marital relationship enrichment program on marital satisfaction, marital intimacy, and sexual satisfaction of infertile couples. International Journal of Fertility & Sterility, 11 (3), 197. Web. Rajabi, G., Kaveh-Farsani, Z., Amanelahi, A., & Khojasteh-Mehr, R. (2020). Identifying the Components of Marital Relationship: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences, 7 (2), 172-187. Salinger, J. M., & Whisman, M. A. (2021). Marital dissolution, marital discord, and c-reactive protein: Results from the Irish longitudinal study on ageing . Health Psychology, 40(7), 459-467. Web.

ESSAY: Analysis of One Day Resort in Vietnam Essay (Critical Writing) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Cultural Environment 3. Political and Legal Environment 4. Tech Environment and Competition Introduction First of all, it should be noted that Vietnam is a state, one of the key sources of income of which is tourism. This means that the organization will be able to enter the market, gaining a foothold in the quality implementation of business goals. In addition, the state in question is a developing one, where prices for rent or goods differ from European or American ones for the better. At the same time, a large number of tourists come to the territory of the state every year, bringing financial flows. This means that One Day Resort will be a profitable and efficient business in Vietnam. It is also worth emphasizing that there are a large number of attractions located in different locations in the country, therefore the main competitive advantage of the corporation will be the ability to stay just for one night, in order to continue the journey later. Cultural Environment The cultural environment of Vietnam is authentic, distinguished by food and the mentality of the local population. However, many foreigners prefer to combine new experiences with habits, so this area offers potential benefits. However, the addition of foreign elements to the interior and cuisine of One Day Resort may be of interest to the local population, who will stay overnight at the establishment. Thus, it is realistic to unite the interests of foreigners and Vietnamese, having recommended the corporation in the local market. However, it is important to take into account religious and cultural influences in such a way as not to create a potential conflict on this basis. Like any Asian country, Vietnam belongs to the philosophical type of society, so there is an institution of the face. In other words, creating a misunderstanding or conflict can completely destroy the entire corporation in such a way that it will be rejected by society without the right to rehabilitation. As a result, for the implementation of the project it is necessary to involve specialists in cultural studies. Political and Legal Environment The political situation in Vietnam is quite stable, despite the fact that certain sections of the population express their dissatisfaction. The main problem of the country is high poverty and COVID-19, so it is necessary to take sufficient measures to prevent these areas from spreading to business. In the first case, it is necessary to set average prices in order for the organization to be accessible to the majority. In the second, it is necessary to observe the necessary precautions regarding the virus, then the Vietnamese government will not have claims. It should be emphasized that the business niche under consideration is tourism, which is apolitical in nature and is not connected with the legal situation, therefore, with proper planning, any contradictions can be avoided. Tech Environment and Competition It is necessary to start with the fact that Vietnam is a developing country, therefore European and American technologies can create a noticeable advantage over competitors. For example, the introduction of robotics, fast Wi-Fi and household innovations can attract an additional audience. At the same time, as already indicated above, the corporation plans to set an average price and introduce a mixture of cultural characteristics of different countries. Together with the high technology of equipment in One Day Resort, the company’s competitiveness will be at a high level, but it must be taken into account that the niche in Vietnam is already occupied. This means that in addition to only integrating all schemes, it is necessary to ensure a high level of quality both in the services offered and in the conduct of business. The fact is that entrepreneurs in many states have already founded corporations on the territory of the state, so their weaknesses should be investigated. One of these is the lack of opportunities for a profitable stopover for one day. Therefore, the emphasis should be on this specific aspect of One Day Resort.

ESSAY: Analysis of Prayer Effect on People Essay Background The action of the prayer effect is based on the regularities and peculiarities of cognitive processes. It is based on two attention abilities, namely, switching and concentration. In the course of prayer, people switch and focus on an area of higher spirituality. The requirement of regularity and systematic recitation of worship leads to frequent repetition of concentration on religious categories, strengthening the mental connection with God. Froese and Jones (2021) wrote in their article that prayer strengthens one’s faith in the supernatural and, therefore, it is a session of faith. In addition, public prayer has long been used as a tool to influence the political arena (Froese & Jones, 2021). Therefore, one can consider this phenomenon as a weapon, sacred and supernatural. The same idea that prayer is a weapon, and used politically, is also found in Martin’s article. Religion is familiar with precedents when it was possible to defeat enemy troops by force of turning to God (Martin, 2019). For example, in A.D. 174, by the power of prayer, a Roman legion was able to discover a spring of water, and the flood that followed washed away the enemies (Martin, 2019). In general, both authors emphasize that prayers serve as weapons and that their use brings people closer to God. Participants in the ritual often experience a sense of social acceptance and emotional uplift after the prayer is completed. The rhythmic and systematic repetition of prayers reinforces the ideals and guidelines of a particular religion (Froese & Jones, 2021). Martin also wrote about it in his article, he came to the conclusion that these circumstances determine why prayer can be used as an epiphany strategy. Proactivity manifests itself as a response to a stimulus; a prayer of this type responds to a vision for fate. Due to such rituals, it is possible to create the future by praying (Froese & Jones, 2021). People often asked God to protect them in battle throughout early Christian history. Prayers were used to ease the fear of the Israelites, strengthening their resolve long before Jesus was born (Martin, 2019). The initiators of such prayers were used to reassure soldiers before skirmishes. It was assured that they would be guaranteed a place in heaven if they won (Martin, 2019). Both authors mention that requests for intervention in this way have existed throughout Christian history. They are unanimously convinced that prayers are inherently proactive; there are no significant differences between their positions. Summary Repentance In his second letter to the Corinthians, Paul refers to repentance as sorrow for God’s sake, which leads to salvation (2 Corinthians 7:10). Repentance in Paul’s understanding is when one does not return to sin again. Repentance cleanses the soul, and a clean soul, in turn, is able to more fully receive the grace of the Holy Spirit. Dedication Paul, in Colossians 3, immediately lays out a series of ethical principles. He expects Christians to follow their works and responsibilities in this world and to maintain normal relationships ( ESV, Col. 3:23). In doing so, their main point of reference is God, not other people who are sinful and inconsistent. Praise The apostle Paul, in Philippians 4:6, gives instructions common to all. He encourages people to always rejoice in the Lord, to be meek, not to indulge in worldly cares – all these are characteristic features of the Christian life. Intercession The apostle Paul says that Christians should approach God with humility, submission, constancy, and gratitude in praying for all people ( ESV, 1 Tim. 2:1-5). Furthermore, he believes that praying for all people is both a privilege and a responsibility. Praying for everyone, including kings and rulers, is good and pleases God. Warfare The apostle Paul, in Ephesians 6:12, speaks of believers fighting against evil spirits. If the enemy comes to people with the deception and excitement to evil, then, through a feasible struggle, that is, the feats of fasting and prayer, they must deliver themselves from his temptations to sin. A Christian must be totally irreconcilable with all kinds of evil, but, of course, fight it with means worthy of a Christian. Supplication Paul’s letter to the Philippians mentions the need to open one’s desires to God in prayer and supplication. He also writes that Christians should “do not be anxious about anything,” which implies courage and honesty in prayer ( NIV, Philippians 4:6). While reminding people of the need to pray, Paul tells them of the need to stay fearless. Meditation The apostle Paul stated in Romans 9:16 that salvation comes only from a Merciful God. The path to salvation in Christian meditation is not a path of mutual concession, and the purpose of meditation is to bring joy to God’s heart. God’s Word directs meditation to show the two aspects of love that please God: obedience and worship. Faith The best definition in terms of accuracy of thought and content is found in the Holy Scriptures. In Hebrews, Apostle Paul says: “Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen” ( ESV Hebrews 11:1). For every believer, faith is not an assumption, not a guess, but actual knowledge, the basis of which is the spiritual activity of man. References English Standard Version Bible . (2001). ESV Online. Web. Froese, P., & Jones, R. (2021). The sociology of prayer: Dimensions and mechanisms. Social Sciences, 10 (15), 1-19. Web. Martin, T. (2019). Wielding the power of prayer: The use of prayer in conflict. Obsculta, 12 (1), 38-53. New International Version Bible. (2001). Bible Gateway. Web.

ESSAY: Analysis of Relativism and Objectivism Essay Supporters of relativism believe that morality in the objective sense does not exist. The moral norms adopted in society are not obligatory for adherence and execution. In absolute terms, the concepts of evil and good are nothing more than fiction. In this regard, researcher Porus noted that moral relativism could easily degenerate into permissiveness (Bush and Moss, 2020). Moreover, people who adhere to this point of view can be perceived as the ones trying to devalue moral norms to the lowest possible level, will not attempt to seek compromises and negotiate on mutually beneficial terms. On the contrary, objectivism states that there is right and wrong that do not depend on someone’s opinions or other factors. In this sense, moral standards are believed to be propounded and everlasting, not created by humans. There are many philosophical variations and interpretations of objectivism, but the key idea lies in proclaiming one genuine truth. This evidently opposes the concept of relativism in every aspect (Bush and Moss, 2020). Objectivism, however, admits that some moral norms may change, but at thy core, any rules and standards evolve around an unaltered understanding of bad and good. I find relativism more convincing despite some flaws it contains. Although absolute relativity often signals the absence of a moral and ethical core and is thus unreliable, the theory of relativism has more realistic features. Every day we face elections, the result of which often cannot be called correct or not. Most people, in principle, always try to act ethically, but even then, their actions can be perceived negatively. You will not please everyone precisely because, despite some existing ideas about good and evil, you make decisions that pass through the prism of experience, psychological characteristics of a person, circumstances, and weighing many factors. I find objectivism too utopian an ultimatum, which seeks to simplify morality while threatening it with a distorted view of reality. Reference Bush, L. S., & Moss, D. (2020). Misunderstanding Metaethics: Difficulties Measuring Folk Objectivism and Relativism. Diametros , 17 (64).

ESSAY: Analysis of Smartex Clothing Ltd. Company Essay The name of the proposed business is Smartex Clothing Ltd. The word “Smartex” is derived from the essence of engaging in sustainable practices. The name is a trademark for the company to enlighten our clients concerning the competitive advantage against our competitors. Sustainability is a vital factor that optimally enhances retention of natural resources’ aesthetic value while promoting the significant acquisition of products. Our physical address will be as follows: Smartex Clothing Ltd. 123 Main Street, New York, NY 10030. [email protected] +1 (123) 456-7890 Fashion and clothing are constituents of a framework that fosters social equality under the spectrum of individualism. Lushch (2018) addresses the complex approach and phenomenon through an overview of the changes. The author argues that “there is a dualism across each individual expressed through creativity and any shortcoming renders the dissatisfaction about life” (Lushch, 2018). The primary objective of style entails incorporating a dynamic and distinctive innovation between the various social classes. The researcher stipulates that although it is important to utilize creativity, it is a phenomenon that renders the optimal marginalization of personnel from varying segments associated with financial endowments (Lushch, 2018). Trends in clothing and design foster the ultimate platform for identity with the vast community while determining the eloquence in taste. Therefore, it is a ritual that separates the diverse societies based on the subjective perception of wealthiness. The key sociological pairs in fashion enshrine imitation and distinction through the spectral insight of diversity. In this case, Whyte (2018) postulates that the replication is a demonstration of cheap products due to establishing the setting and expected quality within the marketplace. Therefore, it is crucial to address the major issue underlying the impact of simulations on society to foster unity. On the one hand, it is an initiative that renders the association across the global community. On the other hand, it is an illusion that draws the margin between the dynamic classes within a region. Whyte (2018) provides a profound discernment based on the paramount aspect of eradicating mimicry and enhancing authenticity for alliances and actualization. The other part of the sociological pair in fashion is the distinction based on the importance of enhancing authenticity and creativity. According to Whyte (2018), the optimal value in designing and style encompasses the relevance of creating a new trend for the elite social class that supersedes the previous layers. Therefore, the difference depends on the developers’ level of innovation, hence cultivating the margin across the demographic population. There is an interplay between diversity and imitation due to the impact on the quality of life and the determination of the social identity. The optimal approach that elevates the union across the global community is the establishment of common variables in vogue. Dualism emerges from the interplay of the sociological pair due to the concept of heredity and variation. Whyte (2018) indicates that the conflict between socialism and individualism establishes the essence of engaging the individuals in the constantly changing society. It is vital to determine the core framework of ensuring optimal exploitation of solutions during evolution to harmonize the variety. The marginal outliers of balance and performance in engagements identify the biformity. In this case, people engage in various relations based on integrating the ambivalence with the appropriate features in the fashion industry. Smartex Clothing Ltd is a company established to engage in supplying sustainable materials to other organizations. As a key player in the supply chain, the directors seek to implement practices and initiatives elevating optimal productivity while promoting preservation and protection of the environment. Apart from the motivation to promote ethical entrepreneurial endeavors, the members developed the firm as an avenue to exploit the expertise from attained knowledge and skills. The individuals take passion in smart wear and dressing among people and the fashion trend. Primarily, the enterprise will consist of 3 employees, namely, the director, operations manager, and accountant. The director’s main role engulfs ensuring ethical adherence of business practice in the U.S. The duty of the operations manager entails focusing on procurement and supply of products to other institutions. The accountant’s responsibility is ensuring proper retention of the financial records and investigating malpractices. The workers will outsource marketing agents to reduce the initial start-up capital costs. The management team forecasts high sales volume due to the focus on wholesale and retail enterprise. Therefore, it is projected that with a start-up capital of at least $5000, the employees will generate sales ranging between $1000 and $2000 in the first quarter of the financial year. It is an initiative based on maximizing online transactions and operations. In this case, the firm incurs minimal operational costs at approximately $500, with workers paid on a commission basis. The director’s main goal entails optimizing operations at a scaled sustainable financial capacity. The company will primarily operate from the physical location in New York, but the staff will have the liberty to work from home. It is an initiative that enhances the determination of key stakeholders and the consideration of dynamic operationalization. In this case, the standard skill set among the employees includes proficiency in using a computer and online platforms for sales and marketing. Additionally, the laborers should have expertise in customer service and teamwork. The main reason for the set quotient entails the development of a competent organizational culture. It is important that all members share information and participate in decision-making to ensure sufficient productivity within the corporation. Below is a diagram of an organogram that demonstrates the hierarchical state of the employees and the duties and responsibilities. Figure 1. Smartex Clothing Ltd. Organigram. The company will incorporate the hierarchical governance structure upon the vertical orientation. However, upon the horizontal approach, the employees coordinate under the spectral view of teamwork to enhance sharing of information. The core operating policies engulf reporting to the superior entity for optimal decision-making. The core working conditions involve teamwork effort and accountability to the assigned tasks. The CEO plays a significant role in the management of the organization to elevate competence. The distinctive duties and responsibilities include the delegation of responsibilities to management team, assessing the profitability scale and future of the institution, managing the organizational structure, incorporation of strategic initiatives to enhance competitive advantages. Further, the executive member will share in-depth details of the performance with the board of directors for optimal decision-making. The management team will comprise of two major entities, that is, the operations manager and the accountant. The two entities will dynamically focus on adherence of the company’s goals to enhance attainment of the set goals and objectives. The distinct duties of an operations manager encompass supervising, hiring, and training the workers, participating in the management of quality assurance programs, and incorporating strategic measures improving the processes inbound and outbound. Additionally, the profession will contribute in monitoring the sales volumes and the change in the consumer market, develop and implement policies and procedures, and observe the coherent legal guidelines. The necessary skills for an operations manager enshrine the comprehension of the planning, strategy, and policy making, leadership, identifying the challenges within the organization, and identifying the opportunities for growth and competence in the marketplace. Additionally, the profession fosters the ability to build relationships and partnerships with competitors and other suppliers. The key duties and responsibilities of an accountant include the preparation of the accounts and tax returns to the government, the monitoring of expenditure and adherence to budget, and auditing of the financially-based performance. Moreover, the accountant fostered the forecasting of the finances and analysis of risks, and determination of approaches to reduce costs and optimize on profitability margin. The skill set of an accountant in Smartex Clothing Ltd enshrine critical thinking, time management, written and oral communication, system analysis, analytical skills, and mathematical reasoning and organizational learning. The duties and responsibilities of a sales and marketing officer engulf engaging in customer service with potential clients and developing company’s marketing portfolio, and developing a report for management team concerning consumption and competition pattern. Other tasks encompass intensifying online presence of products and services through different social media outlets, offering demonstrations to clients to enhance the purchasing confidence index, and providing feedback to customers’ queries and scheduling appointments. The vital skills for the sales and marketing officer entail numerical, communication, planning, creative skills, and excellent teamwork expertise. The duties and responsibilities of the procurement officer include developing cost parameters for the purchases, creating excellent relationships with suppliers and purchasers, and coordinating with the marketing officer in the development of company’s online portfolio. Other tasks of the procurement profession involve assisting in making decisions during the procurement of materials and production process, and maintaining the purchase and pricing records. The different skill set for procurement officer enshrine analytical skills, relationship management expertise, negotiation, project management, technological proficiency, and strategic management professionalism. The management team will ensure the employees are content and motivated through the incorporation of a performance indicator index. In this case, the workers will attain bonus for an improvement in performance, such as increase in sales volume. Apart from the bonuses, the executive will develop team-building program that elevates the coordination among the laborers in the organization. The main goal encompasses promoting sustainability. As a result, the management will participate in the development of an initiative that boosts productivity by integrating technological resources. The automation of processes enhances the minimization of errors during the manufacturing and transactions. Therefore, the accuracy quotient renders proficiency in the determination of reduced costs and increased profit margin. Smartex Clothing Ltd seeks to engage in supplying clothing materials to other manufacturing and processing firms. The key aspect entails observing sustainability essence within the supply chain. Although the company will experience the vital challenge of fast fashion, it is important to establish inherent solutions to the dynamic trade-off of products. It is the responsibility of all workers to establish major initiatives that assist in reducing operational costs and negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, employees at Smartex Clothing Ltd focus on accessing sustainable materials for wear and intensifying the distribution channel. The core strategic management initiative is the provision of high-quality goods for the clients at a friendly pricing aspect. In conclusion, the management at Smartex Clothing Ltd will ensure optimal productivity and motivation among the staff through dynamic strategic aspects. One of the concepts to enhance engagement of employees is the incorporation of training programs that advance skills portfolio. In a different spectrum, workers’ participation in decision-making outlier enhances the proficiency in production process due to comprehension of the company’s goals and objectives. The laborers will attain significant commissions and bonuses for optimal sales volume on a monthly basis. However, the performance indicator will encompass the increase in revenue and customer satisfaction quotient. References Lushch, U. I. (2018). The self in the world: Overcoming classical dualism and shaping new landmarks. Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research , (13). Web. Whyte, C. (2018). Crossing the digital divide: Monism, dualism and the reason collective action is critical for cyber theory production. Politics and Governance , 6 (2), 73. Web.

ESSAY: Analysis of Social Change Ways Essay Large Corporation in Modern Times The gist of Justice Stevens’ opinion in Citizens United verse Federal Election Commission is that organizations are lawfully created bodies that carry out activities and are allowed specific legal protections equivalent to those granted to people. The state determines their rights and privileges (Massey, 2016). According to Justice Stevens, the court’s majority decision to overturn a century of legislative restrictions on election spending by corporations and unions is based on the First Amendment’s protection of right to free speech, which applies only to genuine people and groups of persons. Companies supersede the nineteenth century, but their current incarnation and involvement in the community, political, and fiscal policy changed and developed so dramatically in the last era that it is difficult to comprehend. Contemporary social transformation without analyzing the importance businesses have played in cultural and social structure transformation (Massey, 2016). They own and manage the majority of the world’s wealth; they are a pillar of the economy and a means for accumulating riches. The Corporation’s History of Transmission In 1600, the British, the Dutch, and other successful trading firms functioned under state charter to collect cash for trips, facilitate business, and fight any opposition they confronted from other states’ trading firms and the residents at the places of their ventures. The British East India Firm, a privately run business, had more than two hundred and fifty thousand troops under its control at one time to complete its mission of establishing supremacy over the world (Massey, 2016. The British royal, such as the Dutch crown, leased or subcontracted the empire to private corporations. How Large Corporations Direct Social Change In at least five aspects, big businesses are a driving factor behind the social transformation. First, the companies are deeply involved in repurposing and discovering different uses for old technology and building discoveries that help and drive what we do as consumers. Secondly, companies have structured and opposed labor for more than a century, defining how work should be performed and the norms regulating professional life (Massey, 2016). Third, the management of capital and the aims for which capital is deployed determines their size and economic stability. Fourth, huge companies control the physical environment with their images, goods and services, and the sensitivities that push people to engage to the fullest of their capability in the realm of product consumption and beyond (Massey, 2016). Finally, corporations are vital to the political system, playing a significant role in promoting legislation that helps them and resisting policies that would limit or impede their ability to operate as privately operated, income businesses. Economic liberalization or nonregulation of financial activities, for instance, having the government do nothing. Those are some of their objectives in state intervention. Statistics and research are mobilized to show that any limits or regulations are pointless. Sometimes it is better for major firms that the issue never obtains an airing, rather than fighting back unpleasant recommendations regarding how the government should handle such concerns (Massey, 2016). Any hint of difficulty is disregarded simply as a non-issue or something that falls outside the government’s jurisdiction. Large Corporations and Resistance to Social Change There are barriers to social transformation in the major companies, just as there are instances of resistance to technology, social movements, and other agents of social transformation ( Massey, 2016). There is also opposition to the trend of societal transformation because of company practices. However, big firms are expected to maintain their affairs because they are part of the existing condition. For years, reporters and researchers attempted to understand why companies oppose or weaken measures to curb their influence over resources (Massey, 2016). Public interest groups have proposed limiting their control over tax policies and economic legislation, enacting more restrictions, and boosting administration and community supervision. Companies frequently successfully reject these regulations and any alteration to their activities, whether acting alone or through trade associations. The strong States and Social Change The opportunity of the nation’s grew extensively with the exceptional of rebels and denial, nobody within the ideological range, self-governing and preservation disagreed that government should offer safety and physical security for its people or involve themselves in war. The current nations made and preserved the worth of the currency and control funds. States constructed and operated learning institutions, bridges, roads, waste treatment plants, and airstrips; it was a move that was regarded as the end of the Iris Summers lifetime (Massey, 2016). The United States enhanced hospitals, improved public resources, and prolonged people’s rights, which showed a great driver of social alteration since it provided solutions to the problems to its people. Public Health; Reducing Disease and Accidental Death as a Public Good The death rate in women giving birth was about one thousand for every delivery. The state made vaccinations for several kid illnesses in the research facilities, the administration injection agendas quickly proliferated. In 1950, the United States issued polio vaccine to the public institution with the help of the state health programs. About three million individuals succumb to car accidents (Massey, 2016). The public well-being programs should aim at the speed limits, better driving, put strict measures of traffic rules and put measures on the lessons provided to the drivers and tutor drivers. National Progress through Control of Nature The United States regarded the waterway used for movements as a community good. For example, the construction of the leeves to manage the flooding of the Mississippi and the wide range of dam creation programs on almost every large river in the West was an exertion of people’s power over nature ( Massey, 2016 ). The repossession of the wilderness helped the state to have control of the regions and the resources for development and weakened, evacuated, and secluded indigenous individuals with significant disruption and brought individuals of European lineage to the regions. The Judicial Road to Civil Rights The state uses important ways such as passing and implementing rules to promote social transformation. The legal systems carry out important duties to ensure that cases follow legal precedents and the civil liberties computed in the sets of law (Massey, 2016). Sometimes the court tries to catch up to people’s ideas and shifting practices. However, the court’s verdicts are part of the social alteration, particularly when the citizens and huge companies fail to stand for the people’s rights. The United States was a victim of the circumstances, but it was obligated on the judicial system to overcome the logjam and ensure that it had an unbiassed society. State Driven Social Change in Modern China The foreign control that led to discrimination to the army and decline in the economy of China. in the past two centuries, pushed the nation away from nation-building and got rid of the old-style and social development (Massey, 2016). Leaders from the Chinese Communist Party made the nation stronger and got rid of the deficiency and universal weakness. The leaders who had dreams to make a stronger nation and overcame every aspect of life had the opportunity to lead the Chinese Communist Party and perform economic and social alterations. Reference Massey, G. (2016). Ways of social change: Making sense of modern times . SAGE Publications.

ESSAY: Analysis of Solana Cryptocurrency Essay Cryptocurrencies are a controversial topic in society, as their volatility puts their long-term validity into question. However, older blockchain coins have failed to deliver a scalable and secure currency that will be as decentralized as possible (Hamilton, 2022). Unlike Bitcoin and Etherium, Solana has multiple advantages that make it a worthwhile investment. For this proposal, I would like to highlight the benefits of this cryptocurrency to a business university graduate. Solana is not the newest cryptocurrency, yet it is one with the highest potential. Other blockchains possess a small capacity for transactions, as their operations per second make them unfeasible (Locke, 2021). However, this currency transfers faster and has incomparably small transaction fees (Farrington, 2021). An investment in Solana is a safer choice among cryptocurrencies, yet it has the potential to multiply one’s savings. Safety and speed of transactions are the reasons behind the high chances for future widespread usage of Solana (Hamilton, 2022). My proposed idea is to capitalize on Solana’s recent success on the market, as this currency was up 12000% in the past year (Locke, 2021). I think that this subject deserves more attention, as cryptocurrencies provide a unique take on financial interactions, yet their current state disallows companies to utilize them efficiently. Solana has the potential to overcome these barriers and turn into a globally accepted currency. In conclusion, Solana is a cryptocurrency that is worth one’s attention, as it has several benefits that make it a better choice for investment than other similar coins. Its current solid position on the market and strong backing from a cryptocurrency community is a perfect indication of future prospects. It might be necessary to analyze Solana’s carbon footprint to prove its potential for a long-term success. References Farrington, R. (2021). What is Solana (SOL) and how can you invest? The College Investor. Web. Hamilton, D. (2022). Investing in Solana (SOL) – Everything you need to know . Securities.io. Web. Locke, T. (2021). Solana is up 12,000% this year—what to know before buying the Ethereum competitor . CNBC. Web.

ESSAY: Analysis of Technology in Milk Industry Research Paper Introduction Milk preservation is a key concern to large-scale dairy farmers across the globe. The product is required to remain fresh from the source to the consumer. This has led to the development of milk devices that aid farmers and dairy factories to process and preserve the product. Factors such as presence of pathogens in the milk products, lowers the duration the commodities take while still fresh and fit for consumption (Garcia et al., 2019). The condition for the equipment has to be maintained cleaned to ensure the products do not get spoiled or become unfit for human consumption. Furthermore, some of the equipment help milk processors to make various types of milk products like cheese, cream, butter, and so on. With the use of the devices in the production, individuals have been able to lower the costs involved, like labor, and reduce the time consumption during packaging. The focus of his paper is to analyze milky devices and the current technological involvement. Background Dairy plants have evolved to use equipment that facilitates processes like milk manufacturing, pasteurizing, packaging, storing, and transportation. Initially, these activities were expensive, time-consuming when the level of technology was limited (Charlton & Kostandini, 2021). Currently, the advancement in engineering has made the processes convenient due introduction of various machines that perform the factions effectively. Most dairy farms have access to equipment like tanks for storing milk, cream churner milk containers, tubular heat exchangers, and evaporation systems that aid in the processes. The machines are useful in ensuring farmers do not incur unnecessary losses resulting from poor preservation. They have improved dairy farming since the plants can manage to process the amount of milk produced. Technology for Dairy products back in the 1900s There has been an improvement in dairy products over the past century. The milk processing industry has been growing gradually to provide dairy foods that meet the expectations of human diets with respect to nutrients, safety, and overall sustainability. Around 1917, the private dairy farmers presented milk products to their consumers in their locations (Rankin et al., 2017). During this time, farmers had started adopting pasteurization as the mechanism of preserving and controlling milk from contamination by some diseases. In the milk processing plant, the mechanization of cream separation, filling, washing bottles, and capping them set the root of modern industrialization in the sector. Between the years 1907 and 1913, bottle machines were put into use as well as the fillers and cappers (Capstaff & Miller, 2018). To enhance the safety and increase sanitation of the milk products, there were some advancement made on the mechanical bottle washers. Most countries developed compulsory pasteurization processes due to diseases that were connected to unsafe milk consumption that caused deaths amongst adults and children. The process of milk pasteurization was officially in use but the methods, timing, and temperatures totally varied from farm to farm. There were no heat regulators during this period therefore the process took about 60 seconds at a temperature of about 72 degrees Celsius followed by immediate cooling. Similarly, proper timing was not manageable due to a lack of technology (Charlton & Kostandini, 2021). It was termed flash pasteurization and it was not fully accepted due to its limitation. Another current technology involved in dairy industry is using the in-bottled method. In this process, the bottled milk was subjected to a high temperature of about 63 degrees Celsius for close to 30 minutes. It proved effective because it reduced the shortfalls of post-pasteurization. The advancement in technology prompted the improvement in dairy products as effective equipment was developed. Devices like a vat holder, heater, and cooler were used to improve the milk pasteurization process. Another milestone in the dairy plant was achieved in 1934 when a mechanical refrigerator was introduced to help in preserving the products. On the basis of sanitation, the use of stainless steel bulk ensured the commodities were kept safe. Current Technology Scientists and technologists have been working to improve the milk processing procedure and the content of the products. Over the last decade, a number of innovations and advancement in technology has been made to enhance productivity in the industry. Some of the current know-how used is aimed at lowering cost, increasing shelf life, and separating the component products of milk (Akbar et al., 2020). Some of the current technologies used in the milk processing plant are discussed below. Milk Analyser Fluid milk consists of various components like lactose, fat, protein, total solids, and other elements. The milk processing plants use the Mid-infrared examination method to determine the composition of the product (Akbar et al., 2020). Once the analysis has been done, the result is used to evaluate the amount of money the dairy farmer will receive in relation to the available contents. Mid Infrared Spectroscopy also helps farmers to decide on what feeds to give their animals to influence the needed components. The technology is fast and facilitates efficiency in the testing of milk components. Automated Sprayer Dryer Dairy farmers are able to undertake the necessary quality tests using the automated sprayer dyer at once. During the analysis process, a sample of the milk products is taken and analyzed by infrared technology to determine the content of moisture in the milk powder, bulk, and temperature (Shinde et al., 2018). There is a specific inline powder developed for the automated sprayer dryer. The procedure is helpful since it allows the producers to set warning alarms in case of product loss during the manufacturing process. Automated Clean-In-Place (CIP) System This system allows the milk plants to clean the interior surfaces of the pipes, filters, vessels, associated fittings, and process equipment while they are intact. CIP uses sensors, controllers, valves that are well-programmed to enhance effectiveness. It makes the plant maintain the required level of hygiene for the proper preservation of the milk products (Ledo et al., 2020). Internal cleaning is essential as the materials get into contact with the milk. Direct Vat Set (DVS) Cultures Currently, milk processing industries are using some species of microorganisms to facilitate the production of fermented products. DVS are significant since they have no side effects to the consumers and they also improve the immune system (Rankin et al., 2017). The main reason for applying the DVS cultures in the milk processing steps is to increase the production at a relatively lower time. For instance, it takes about 10 hours to make a curd using a homemade approach whereas when the microorganisms are used, the production time is halved. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a reliable, precise accurate process that helps in detecting the presence of melamine in pasteurized milk, ultra-heat temperatures, soft cheese, milk powder, and powdered infant formula (Ledo et al., 2020). Generally, melamine is an organic chemical compound that looks like a white crystal. HPLC enables farmers to easily locate the melamine hence reducing the time that would have been taken in the process. Fortification of Milk In most cases, the component of milk does not contain all the required nutrients. To ensure consumers obtain the necessary minerals, some vitamins that are not contained in the milk products are added (Ledo et al. 2020). Fortified milk is essential for human consumption because it has a good ratio of useful ailments. The process is essential in increasing the mineral and vitamin content suitable for human consumption. Ultra-High Temperature (UHT) UHT is used to aid in the process of the pasteurization of milk in the industry. It involves using commercially sterilized equipment to heat milk then fill them under an aseptic state into packages that are hermetically sealed (Warncke & Kulozik, 2020). During this process, milk is heated for about two seconds at a temperature of 138 degrees Celsius then cooled down quickly. UHT is capable of eliminating bacteria present in the product, therefore, increasing the shelf life of milk. After UHT, the commodity can take a long like six months without refrigeration. High-Temperature Short Time (HTST) The dairy plant uses hot water and metal plates to attain the required temperature suitable for pasteurization. HTST technique also allows dairy farmers to heat under a temperature of about 71 degrees Celsius within a time frame of 15 seconds (Garcia et al., 2019). It is then cooled off before packaging to enhance the shelf life. It also enables the dairy farmers to eliminate the threat of bacteria present in milk products. Dairy Product Composition and Attribute Testing Currently, near-infrared and inline mid-infrared technology is being used in the firms to enable the manufacturers to establish and analyze the composition of the products. The system makes it easier to test the components of the liquid milk (Akbar et al., 2020). The factories usually produce a large quantity of milk therefore the advancement makes it easier to examine the milk for cheese making and other products. Types of Equipment for Dairy and Milk Dairy Pasteurizers This equipment is used to heat the dairy products to a considerable temperature that is suitable for killing the pathogens that might be present in the milk. They are used to enhance and increase the safety of milk for human consumption. Dairy Milk Tanks In the dairy plant, there are tanks used for storing milk, cooling, and for fermentation. There are isolated tanks, one-lay, two-lay, and process tanks that are used in the processing process. Homogenizer This machine helps in making the milk products have a uniform consistency to minimize separation. It also helps in reducing large fat globules into tiny ones (Warncke & Kulozik, 2020). The equipment facilitates the conversion of two insoluble liquids to form an emulsion. It enhances flexibility and quality performance in the industry during the processing. Furthermore, it reduces the intensity of work done in processing milk. Dairy Separator This equipment is used by dairy farmers or milk processing plants to separate skimmed milk and cream. They increase the effectiveness in the processing of milk and enables farmers to reduce cost. Dairy separators are easy to use therefore very efficient for most milk plants. The machine makes it easier for the dairy farmers to lower labor and have different composition of the milk products. Manufacturing of Milk (How it is Manufactured, Pasteurized) The process of manufacturing milk involves a series of steps. It starts with milking cows by attaching vacuum cups to their teats. After that, the liquid milk is taken to refrigerated vats for storage under a temperature condition of about 5 Degrees Celsius. Milk is then transported to factory tankers where different procedures take place, such as pasteurization where milk is put at an extreme temperature of 72 Degrees Celsius for about 15 seconds to destroying harmful pathogens. The process allows the products to have an extended shelf life. The next step is homogenization, this method subject milk to high pressure that helps to disperse fat globules (Soundous et al., 2019). It enables manufacturers to stop the cream from rising to the top and separating to ensure a consistent taste and texture of the product. The milk is then taken to centrifugal separation to enable the removal of the available cream to facilitate the making of low-fat or skim milk. The other procedure is ultrafiltration which involves passing milk across a given membrane at a considerable pressure to aid in holding back the fat globules and other proteins present in the milk content (Mikhaylin et al., 2018). During this process, lactose and water pass through the membrane leaving behind the large particles including calcium complexes. The next process involves reverse osmosis which is more like ultrafiltration only that the membrane permits water to pass across leaving lactose. Then there is ultra-osmosis that entails both reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration (Mikhaylin et al., 2018). This procedure allows salt and water to go through holding back solid milk. Another procedure is spray drying which helps to eliminate water from milk to produce powdered milk products. The process does not interfere with the nutrition content of the milk. The last step is permeating, which enables the manufacturers to produce milk having consistent properties. Future Research Based on the predicted demand for milk products in the future, agriculturalists should further the research on how to increase the amount of milk each cow can produce. The finding should focus on ways of raising the limit without having a devastating effect on the life of an animal (Capstaff & Miller, 2018). If such improvement can be achieved, sustainability shall also go up since it will not be necessary for the farmer to keep a large number of dairy animals. The world population is projected to increase; therefore, the need to produce more milk products will increase as well. Researchers and agriculturalists should do some studies on how the different combinations of feeds would improve the quality of milk products to minimize industrial processes that complicate the process (Capstaff & Miller, 2018). With the expected pressure in consumption, they should search for ways of modernization to reduce the labor cost associated. Furthermore, with the intense need for organic food products in market, research should be done on the milk industry to find possible ways by which organic milk products suitable for human consumption can be produced. Similarly, the shelf life of the commodities should be enhanced to ensure they can stay for more than a year without spoilage (Charlton & Kostandini, 2021). Moreover, temperature fluctuation is a common threat on the shelf-stable, the scientist should invest and research on technology that involves using mobile apps to control temperature. Conclusion In summary, the dairy industry has experienced a great magnitude of improvement in relation to past practices. The need to maintain safety and shelf-life stability has made scientists formulate good and effective machines and technologies viable in the sector. There has been a constant rise in the need for milk and other dairy products, which has made farmers to actively involved using the modern equipment to sustain the supply. Technology has made it easier for dairy farmers to handle a large volume of milk at a time. Through the pasteurization process, it has been efficient to keep pasteurized milk for a long period of time, therefore, minimizing possible losses. Furthermore, the determination of milk composition has enabled supplies to earn more income depending on the content. Similarly, the safety of consumers has also been improved since most of the pathogens are removed through UHT. According to the development in technology, including the internet of things, researchers can determine better ways to minimize the production cost, quality and quantity to be produced in the future. References Akbar, M. O., Ali, M. J., Hussain, A., Qaiser, G., Pasha, M., Pasha, U., & Akhtar, N. (2020). IoT for development of smart dairy farming . Journal of Food Quality , 2020 . Web. Capstaff, N. M., & Miller, A. J. (2018). Improving the yield and nutritional quality of forage crops . Frontiers in Plant Science , 9 , 535. Web. Charlton, D., & Kostandini, G. (2021). Can Technology Compensate for a Labor Shortage? Effects of 287 (g) Immigration Policies on the US Dairy Industry . American Journal of Agricultural Economics , 103 (1), 70-89. Web. Garcia, S. N., Osburn, B. I., & Cullor, J. S. (2019). A one health perspective on dairy production and dairy food safety . One Health , 7 , 100086. Web. Ledo, J., Hettinga, K. A., & Luning, P. A. (2020). A customized assessment tool to differentiate safety and hygiene control practices in emerging dairy chains . Food Control , 111 , 107072. Web. Mikhaylin, S., Patouillard, L., Margni, M., & Bazinet, L. (2018). Milk protein production by a more environmentally sustainable process: Bipolar membrane electrodialysis coupled with ultrafiltration . Green Chemistry , 20 (2), 449-456. Web. Rankin, S. A., Bradley, R. L., Miller, G., & Mildenhall, K. B. (2017). A 100-Year review: A century of dairy processing advancements—Pasteurization, cleaning and sanitation, and sanitary equipment design . Journal of Dairy Science , 100 (12), 9903-9915. Web. Shinde, S. S., Mandake, G. R., & Nitalikar, M. M. (2018). Spray drying: A Promising technique to enhance solubility . Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology , 8 (4), 255-260. Web. Soundous, E. H., Amaury, G., Juliette, D. L., Sybille, D. T., Aurélie, L., Viviane, P., & Marianne, S. (2019). Overview of the local production process of raw milk butter in Wallonia (Belgium) . International Journal of Dairy Technology , 72 (3), 466-471. Web. Warncke, M., & Kulozik, U. (2020). Impact of temperature and high pressure homogenization on the solubility and rheological behavior of reconstituted dairy powders of different composition . Powder Technology , 376 , 285-295. Web.

ESSAY: Analysis of the “Porgy and Bess” Essay Table of Contents 1. Abstract 2. George Gershwin’s Porgy and Bess 3. George Gershwin Life and His Musical Output 4. Opera Description, Themes, and Social Significance 5. Plot Summary 6. Act 1 Scene 2 and Act 3 Scene 3 Comparison 7. Works Cited Abstract The current paper is devoted to analyzing the outstanding work by the composer George Gershwin called Porgy and Bess . The research includes the following aspects: the analysis of the composer’s biography, the opera’s ideas, plot, and themes in relation to the social conflict of races. Moreover, a comparison of the two scenes from the opera will be provided. Comparing the different scenes of the same opera can help to understand the implicit ideas of the work. George Gershwin’s Porgy and Bess George Gershwin is a famous American composer and pianist who is recognized all over the world for his outstanding operas. The most exceptional works which made Gershwin famous are Rhapsody in Blue and Porgy and Bess (Reynolds 19). The second composition addresses the essential topic of American national drama revealing the sufferings of the ordinary people. The musician’s most creative period of life is considered in the 20th years of the last century when the “jazz era” was flourishing in America (Reynolds 23). This musical style had a significant impact on Gershwin, who tried to express his ideas through music. The composer uses similar melodic patterns in the different scenes of the opera to describe the results of characters” decisions. Using the choir and vocal parties, music rhythm, Gershwin illustrates the dramatic lives of ordinary black people. George Gershwin Life and His Musical Output The main themes of George Gershwin’s works included the spirit of modernity and the way of life of ordinary Americans. The composer has repeatedly stated that jazz is the music of the people, in which he hears the national life impulse and the actual US life (Starr 29). Gershwin achieved everything through hard work, found his calling, and reached incomprehensible heights and world fame during his lifetime. At the age of eighteen, he released his first work of authorship (Block, “The Gershwin Style” 478). It did not become popular, but it helped attract the attention of some famous composers to the young composer. At the age of sixteen, he was offered a job in a music publishing house, where he was supposed to compose music. Soon, his works began to be used in musicals on Broadway. Over seven years, the composer wrote music for forty performances (Block, “The Gershwin Style” 479). Critics and spectators were delighted with the young musician, calling him a genius, and predicted a great future (Leffert 422). Gershwin often collaborated with his older brother, who became a poet. The triumph of the talented composer continued when he toured Europe. As a result, Gershwin became the most prosperous composer in America. He wrote music for films in Hollywood and was a mentor to many young musicians. Gershwin died of a tumor in 1937; he was thirty-eight years old (Block, “The Gershwin Style” 479). George has significantly influenced the musical sphere to create meaningful masterpieces that addressed the racial aspects of American life. Opera Description, Themes, and Social Significance The opera Porgy and Bess has a fascinating history of creation. In 1926, George decided to read DuBose Hayward’s novel Porgy (Block 196). The work impressed the composer so much that he immediately began to invent musical melodies in his head. After reading the book, George sent the writer a letter asking whether he could create an opera based on the book. Dubose Hayward kindly agreed to the musician’s proposal and offered the cooperative work (Reynolds 4). Gershwin began writing music for the opera Porgy and Bess only in 1934 because he believed that such marvelous work requires a lot of effort and time (Block, “The Memory of All That” 196). George left New York and settled in a remote village in South Carolina to completely immerse himself in a grandiose work. In general, the musician spent almost two years creating this opera (Reynolds 6). George made a stunning masterpiece in which jazz fantasies, folk motifs, and orchestral parts were flawlessly combined. Porgy and Bess was the first performance in American history that people of different races could attend. As was mentioned above, the composer often worked in collaboration with his brother. This opera was not an exception because the person who wrote the libretto for the Porgy and Bess was Ira Gershwin (Block, “The Memory of All That” 197). DuBose Heyward, the original story’s author, also participated in writing the text for the opera (Reynold 20). Generally, the Porgy and Bess consists of three acts and nine scenes (Reynold 22). The opera’s main characters are Porgy, the legless pauper, his beloved Bess, and Crown, Bess’s husband. Many secondary characters in the opera are an essential part of the chorus component vital for conveying the American national spirit. Since the release date, the opera has been staged many times. Thus, it has some theatrical and musical features, which all the productions followed to. The scenery should represent the particular time of action and location: 1920th and Charleston, South Carolina, USA (Monod 283). The costumes also should be suitable for the American fashion traditions of that period of time. It is also essential to mention that according to the playwright’s idea, all the actors should be Afro-Americans. Therefore, the acting and accent should be similar to the traditional behavioral patterns of this national minority. In the center of the narration are the Afro-Americans, whose emotions and suffering are reflected as being tragic and worth sharing. The composer wanted to highlight the importance of a tolerant attitude towards black people. Gershwin depicted the everyday problems and lives of Afro-Americans to prove to the whole world that they are also ordinary people who can suffer morally (Nauert 22). Even though the main idea of the play is striving for the dream, the implicit intention is to show that all people are similar, never mind their race. This work reflects the main problem of the American society of these times: racial prejudices. The Harlem movement modified the Americans’ perception of culture and life in the 90th (Brown 108). However, there were still many negative stereotypes about black people. Many doubted the role of Afro-Americans in the national culture and tradition. Thus, George creates this opera to show that all races are equal and have the same significance for forming the cultural identity. Plot Summary A quarrel breaks out during the dice game in the Afro-American district. Crown kills Robbins and runs away to Kittyway Island. All neighbors turn away from Bess, Crown’s wife, treating her as a killer’s woman. Only the disabled beggar Porgy pities the woman and offers her his home. Porgy and Bess live together and later fall in love with each other. Residents of Catfish Row go for a picnic on Kittyway Island together with Bess, Porgy’s wife. Bess meets with Crown, and she succumbs to his harassment. After a while, Crown comes to Catfish Row, aiming to take Bess away, but she decides to stay with Porgy. Protecting his wife, Porgy kills Crown, and on the next day, the police take Porgy away to identify the corpse. Another man convinces Bess that her husband will be convicted and will not return. Promising her a “sweet life,” he takes Bess to New York. Porgy returns acquitted and finds out about what happened. The women persuade him to stay, but the disabled person is adamant: he will find Bess. In a cart pulled by a goat, Porgy travels thousands of miles from Catfish Row. Act 1 Scene 2 and Act 3 Scene 3 Comparison In two chosen scenes, the essential role from the musical point of view plays the choir. The musical language of the opera is flexible, rich, and varied. The primary function in disclosing stage images is played by vocal parts – expressive, based on a bright song melody. In Porgy and Bess , the composer does not quote Afro-American themes, but all of the opera’s music grew out of folk origins. Gershwin inserted Afro-American folklore’s melodic-harmonic, rhythmic features, and elements of national genres – blues, spirituals. Gershwin also used the expressive means of jazz to convey that this black minority has its own culture and traditions. Scene 2 of Act 1 describes the sighing over the dead body of Robbins. The melody and song represent the Afro-American funeral tradition. It is essential to mention that the choir performs it. Later, Bess’s part includes the narration of the plot through the accelerating rhythm of the music. Thus, the composer uses such pace to show that various events await characters in the future. Scene 4 of Act 2 takes place in the exact location and again depicts the choir singing the prayer to save their lives from the terrifying tempest. After some time, Crown is ready to help the man who was trapped in the sea by storm. Music at this moment also becomes more active, and the pace accelerates fast. The author uses the same sample as in scene 2 but expresses another idea – the dangerous decision. In the first time, on the contrary, such pace emphasized the uncertainty: good and evil events while at the second time, it is a bad omen. Thus, the similarity of the scenes is that the choir music is used to show the decisive moments of the characters’ lives when they are supposed to make a decisive choice. Gershwin masterfully uses the same melodic pattern to convey different ideas. Works Cited Block, Geoffrey. “The Gershwin Style: New Looks at the Music of George Gershwin.” American Music, vol. 19, no. 4, 2001, pp. 476-480. Block, Geoffrey. “The Memory of All That: The Life of George Gershwin by Joan Peyser.” Notes: Second Series, vol. 51, no. 1, 1994, pp. 195-197. Brown, Gwynne. Problems of Race and Genre in the Critical Reception of Porgy and Bess . 2006. PhD dissertation. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Leffert, Mark. “The Psychoanalysis and Death of George Gershwin: An American Tragedy.” Journal of The American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry, vol. 39, no. 3, 2011, pp. 421-452. Web. Monod, David. “Disguise, Containment and the Porgy and Bess Revival of 1952–1956.” Journal of American Studies, vol. 35, 2001, pp. 275-312. Web. Nauert, Paul. “Theory and Practice in “ Porgy and Bess “: The Gershwin-Schillinger Connection.” The Musical Quarterly, vol. 78, no. 1, 1994, pp. 9-33. Web. Reynolds, Christopher. “ Porgy and Bess : “An American Wozzeck”.” Journal of the Society for American Music, vol. 1, no. 1, 2007, pp. 1-28. Web. Starr, Lawrence. “Toward a Reevaluation of Gershwin’s Porgy and Bess.” American Music, vol. 2, no. 2, 1984, pp. 25-37. Web.

ESSAY: Analysis of the Slang Word ‘Bro’ Using Research Paper Introduction In a social setting, people interact with each other and their surroundings. They employ words when interacting with other people. Language has a crucial function in all societies that use it since it provides a means of interacting with others, particularly in communication. People in their civilization require a language for communication with one another. Some cultures use mononyms for names, whereas others allow people to have many words. A name is involved in footing in that it invokes and enacts particular social roles and relationships among people (Goffman, 1981). Those with multiple characters can obtain them in various ways and patterns over time. Every single country had a national language as an identity or trait to separate itself from others, so everyone in the world spoke their language. Kiesling says naming can be an addressing term, discourse, or stance marker (Kiesling, 2004). In today’s world, there is a wide range of languages often used by some persons or groups of people in their daily conversations, and slang is a type of language (Rymes, 1996). This paper aims to investigate and discuss the slang word ‘bro.’ Methods of Data Collection Self-report surveys, observational data, and media usage were the primary data gathering methods used in this study. In observational data, the researcher tracked the word ‘bro’ usage in 24 hours, areas of use, and the people addressed using the word. In the self-report survey, I surveyed five other users of the word ‘bro’ using a survey modified from Kiesling’s Dude article (Kiesling, 2004). In media usage, the term ‘bro’ was looked across by the researcher in three media forms, and the researcher collected the occurrences of its use. Findings Observational Data When talking about going to the mall at a friend’s house with the friend and her sister, I used the word ‘bro’ about three times. At home, I used the phrase ‘bro’ twice when talking to my brother about driving me to school. I did not subject my mother and father to the term. I used ‘ bro ‘ three times while texting and talking on the phone with a friend about bread and joking. When my brother played video games at home, I overheard him say, ‘bro.’ My two brothers once used the term ‘bro’ in a conversation at home when the elder brother was urging, the younger brother to finish the dishes. I used ‘ bro ‘ four times while talking about the amount of work I had to do for my other classes. I used ‘ bro ‘ slang once when discussing our research with a friend in my senior seminar class. I also used ‘bro’ to myself once while prepping for a presentation for a research project, but while in the mosque, I never used ‘bro.’ Self-Report Survey The first survey was with a 52 years old white Arab female who is a doctor. She never uses the word ‘bro,’ and she is not likely to address anyone through this word. She thought that teenagers use the word ‘bro’ frequently. The second self-report survey was with a 22 years old Egyptian Arab female who was a student. She said she uses the term ‘bro; many times each day. According to her, she could likely address a close friend and sibling, both male and female, using the term. She was not likely to use the term while addressing a romantic partner, a stranger, acquaintance, boss, or professor. She could also use the term ‘bro’ while addressing her parents. She said she usually uses this term when annoyed or trying to address someone funnily. When annoyed, she could use the term to buffer her tone, and when being funny, she addresses her close friends using the word ‘bro.’ She thought funny people or people who use slang to address each other use the term bro frequently. Another survey was with a 25 years old Arab male who is a doctor. He said he uses ‘bro’ many times each day, and he is likely to use it while addressing a close male friend, a male acquaintance, and a male sibling. He did not use it while addressing a female stranger, parents, boss, and a professor. He uses ‘bro’ moderately while addressing a male stranger and a female sibling. He said he uses the term ‘bro’ because it is a universally used and understood term that can serve as an identifier for anyone. He thought young adults and teenagers use ‘bro’ frequently. The following survey was with a 22 years old Asian female who is a student. She used the term ‘bro’ about once a week. She was likely to address a close friend, romantic partner, and a male sibling using the word ‘bro.’ According to her, anyone who is chilled, relaxed, and friendly could use ‘bro’ frequently. The last survey was with a 24 years Egyptian female who works as a clinical research assistant. She used ‘bro’ many times each day. This participant is likely to address both male and female close friends, siblings, and parents using ‘bro’ and uses the term ‘bro’ because it is easy to handle close people. She said ‘bro’ is informal, and instead of calling the person by the person’s name, she could say bro. According to her, ‘bro’ is a transitional word at times. She thought a person under 40 years and someone familiar with English slang uses ‘bro’ frequently. Media Forms I used a YouTube video and two articles in this study. From a YouTube video, US President Barack Obama declared that the word “Bro” means indispensable partner when referring to UK Prime Minister David Cameron (The New York Times, 2015). The US President used ‘bro’ while addressing the UK Prime Minister, his close friend, and his work associate. In an article by Rolling Stone, Snoop Dogg, a renowned rapper, also used ‘bro’ while apologizing to his fellow Eminem. “I Was Wrong, Bro. “We love each other,” “We’re brothers, man” (Hiatt, 2021). In an article in The Globe and Mail, the bro became popular as a social type because of ‘How I Met Your Mother’s womanizing’ by Barney Stinson, and society has battled to understand him (Mcginn, 2015). ‘Bro’ refers to a male friend or a male sibling. This article explains how society has coped with the word ‘bro’ and sports ‘bros,’ money ‘bros,’ fraternity ‘bros,’ and other types of ‘bros’ exist nowadays, raising what a ‘bro is.’ Data Analysis From the findings, individuals use ‘bro’ in particular contexts. From the results, people primarily use it at school with colleagues and home with siblings and friends. In the findings, individuals use ‘bro’ to address and initiate a relaxed and chilled conversation (Kiesling 2004). They use this term mainly while interacting with people of the same age bracket, mostly below 30 years. From the observational data, ‘bro’ was used primarily with friends who were age mates and natural brothers. In the self-report survey section, ‘bro’ was used while interacting with close friends and siblings. Three females and one male use ‘bro’ to address males but not females from the surveys. There are moderate cases of using ‘bro’ with male strangers, acquaintances, and parents. In the case of the 52-year-old, she never used ‘bro,’ and she thought the slang term was mainly for teenagers. It might sound unethical to address the elders or non-close associates using slang terms, and therefore each slang term has its users and audience. In media usage, individuals use slang terms while addressing men, and society is learning to cope with these terms. ‘Bro’ is used by men who are close friends while addressing each other. The US President and Snoop Dogg used ‘bro’ to interact and improve their relations with their close male friends. ‘Bro’ is used more often when addressing males than females. Females use it as well while addressing their male friends. These findings relate to the Footing article since the phrase ‘bro’ fluctuates across different contexts and expresses relationships between people (Goffman, 1981). In terms of race, people from almost all races use this slang term. Only one participant said she uses the word ‘bro’ when annoyed. Conclusion The term “bro” has varied connotations in different parts of the world. Brothers are two male-gendered individuals who have the same parents. The word “Bro” is an abbreviation for “brother” and has a variety of connotations. Nowadays, a “bro” can be a stranger; one’s biological brother, a close buddy, or a fraternity brother. The word ‘bro’ originated from the word brother, although its meaning has evolved significantly through time. References Goffman, E. (1981). Footing: In Forms of talk (pp. 124-157). University of Pennsylvania Press. Hiatt, B. (2021). “I Was Wrong, Bro”: How Snoop Dogg and Eminem Squashed Their Beef and Recorded a New Song . Rolling Stone. Web. Kiesling, S. (2004). DUDE. American Speech , 79 (3), 281-305. Web. Mcginn, D. (2015). Everyone has their definition of ‘bro.’ what does the term mean? The Globe and Mail. Web. Rymes, B. (1996). Naming as social practice: The case of little creeper from the diamond street. Language in Society , 25 (2), 237-260. Web. The New York Times. (2015). Obama on the use of the word “Bro” [Video]. Web.

ESSAY: Analysis of Yoga’s Effect on Health Essay (Article) Yoga is a concept that signifies a set of spiritual, mental, and physical practices aimed at managing the cognitive and physiological functions of the body. Practicing this sport allows one to broaden the horizons, change the habitual way of life, and eliminate harmful patterns that negate the efforts. That is why yoga is considered the most effective practice of self-development that has unique benefits for health, both physical and psychological. There are numerous varieties of modern yoga; despite the dissimilarities, they are grounded on shared parts: body postures, breathing exercises, and spiritual contemplation. The combination of exercises that train the body and soul has unique health benefits. It strengthens muscles, increases flexibility, and enhances mental soundness. Moreover, yoga classes have enormous therapeutic potential and preventive effects. Studies involving patients with various musculoskeletal conditions have indicated that yoga helps to reduce pain and improve joint mobility (Saeed et al., 2019). Breathing exercises relax the muscles that constrict the airways and strengthen oxygen diffusion, leading to better lung function. One of the chief yoga concepts is the “eight limbs,” which consists of alternating stages for achieving a state of enlightenment. Eight steps are a prerequisite for everyone to feel connected to the world. Through these practices, one learns to control one’s actions, accept all hardships calmly, and find compromises. The ultimate goal of the methodology is to learn to find a balance between one’s own and the world’s values and understand that each person has an essential mission in the community. It significantly affects an individual’s social well-being as it seeks to bring body, mind, and soul into unison (Saeed et al., 2019). The balance of these essential elements ensures a healthy and harmonious personality, activates energy potential, and prevents psychological stress. In conclusion, yoga is essential for promoting health and combating social isolation and depression. It can be used for physical development, healing, and emotional restoration. Yoga is based on a holistic approach that helps the whole body return to a normal state. It makes it an indispensable and beneficial self-development practice for the health of both adults and children. Reference Saeed, S. A., Cunningham, K., & Bloch, R. M. (2019). Depression and anxiety disorders: benefits of exercise, yoga, and meditation. American family physician , 99 (10), 620-627.

ESSAY: Analysis Role of Art as Revolution Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Painting Revolution Inspiration 3. Social Factors Influenced the Revolution 4. Visual Characteristics and their Meanings 5. Paintings Impacts Today 6. Conclusion 7. References Introduction While there were many methods used in the 18th century to achieve revolution, art paintings played a significant role in expressing the people’s ideas and rallying support for the cause. Paintings served as a medium to communicate messages and emotions that words could not express, and they captured moments in time that would be otherwise forgotten. They also stirred up emotions and provoked thought, which was especially effective in getting people to take action. These arts included Breakfast Scene (1795) , Death of Marat (1793) , Liberty Leading the People (1830) , Third of May (1808) , and The Stone Breakers (1849) . Each of these paintings depicts a critical moment leading up to a revolution. Painting Revolution Inspiration Third of May , depicted the execution by firing squad of Spanish rebels by French troops. The painting was controversial when it was first exhibited because it showed the brutal reality of war. Its impact was such that it is thought to have inspired the revolts against Napoleon’s rule in Europe during the early 1800s (Eitner, 2021). The Stone Breakers showed two workers breaking rocks on a roadside and was an allegory of the hard labor endured by the working class. The painting was seen as a protest against social conditions. Breakfast Scene was a painting that depicted the poverty-stricken conditions of the lower classes in 18th century England. The painting was banned for public exhibition, as it was seen as a threat to the social order (Eitner, 2021). Death of Marat was a painting that commemorated the death of French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat. The painting became an emblem of the French Revolution and helped to rally support for the revolution among the people . Liberty Leading the People painting depicts a scene from the revolution, with Liberty (a female figure) leading the people forward over the bodies of fallen monarchy troops. Social Factors Influenced the Revolution It is interesting to compare Hogarth’s Breakfast Scene and David’s Death of Marat . Both paintings depict a moment of intense drama and killing of a political figure (Eitner, 2021). Hogarth was born into a wealthy family and was able to study art in Italy. David, on the other hand, was born into poverty and had to work as an apprentice before becoming a successful artist. It is possible that this social difference may have influenced their portrayals of violence. Concerning Liberty Leading the People , the social factor that influenced the creation of this painting includes the July Revolution of 1830, in which King Charles X was overthrown and replaced by Louis-Philippe I (Carrier, 2020). Conversely, The Stone Breakers painting responded to the social upheaval of the time (Nicholson, 2019). On the other hand, the Third of May was influenced by Napoleon’s invasion of Spain in 1808, during which Spanish patriots rose against French troops. Visual Characteristics and their Meanings The visual characteristics of each painting contributed to its meaning in a very specific way. Hogarth’s painting is meant to depict the importance of a healthy breakfast, while David’s painting is meant to depict the horrors of the French Revolution (Carrier, 2020). Hogarth’s painting is full of bright colors and cheerful images, while David’s painting is dark and stark. Hogarth wanted people to see the importance of a good breakfast, while David wanted people to see the horrors of war. Liberty Leading the People is a Romantic painting that celebrates the spirit of revolution. The central figure of Liberty is shown as a heroic and beautiful woman, leading the people forward over the bodies of the slain. Third of May is a Realist painting memorializing the Spanish uprising against Napoleon’s troops. The Stone Breakers is one of the most notable aspects of the painting as its use of color. The sky is a bright blue, while the earth is a muted brown (Nicholson, 2019). This juxtaposition creates a visual contrast that helps to emphasize the differences between those who work under the sun and those who work in the shade. Paintings Impacts Today Both Hogarth’s and David’s paintings depict scenes of violence that were shocking to their audience when they were first exhibited. However, although these scenes are now more than two hundred years old, they still shock and disturb viewers today (Carrier, 2020). This is because both Hogarth and David’s paintings managed to convey a message or moral lesson about the dangers of violence. While both Delacroix’s and Goya’s paintings depict a moment of violence and strife, they are ultimately about the triumph of liberty over tyranny. Delacroix’s painting is celebrated for its stirring depiction of the French people rising up against their oppressors. The Stone Breakers painting is still relevant to the audience today because it addresses the human condition. It shows two men breaking rocks, which could be interpreted as a metaphor for the hard work and dedication required to achieve something. Conclusion In conclusion, Breakfast Scene was a scathing satire of the poverty and inequality in 18th century London. The painting helped to galvanize the working class and inspired them to demand change. Conversely, Death of Marat conveyed the violence and chaos of the French Revolution to viewers across France, inspiring many to join the revolution. The painting, Liberty Leading the People , showed the people of France that they could fight and win against the monarchy. This gave them hope and rallied them together to fight for their freedom. The Stone Breakers painting was considered a scandal at the time because it showed people who were not considered worthy of being painted. This led to a change in how art was viewed and eventually led to the French Revolution. Moreover, The Third of May paintings captured the brutality of war and helped to fuel the Spanish Revolution. References Carrier, D. (2020). History painting and its changing subjects. History and Theory , 59 (3), 471-481. Web. Eitner, L. (2021). An outline of 19th century European painting: From David through Cézanne . Routledge. Web. Nicholson, P. (2019). Gustave Courbet, The Grain Sifters, 1855. Occupational Medicine , 69 (4), 230-246. Web.

ESSAY: Analyzing the iPhone as an Artifact Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Cultural Uses 3. Analysis 4. Oral Presentation 5. References Introduction Apple supporters and technology trend analysts awaited the much-anticipated public unveiling of the Apple iPhone with bated breath. Since Apple’s chairman, Steve Jobs, unveiled the mobile product at the MacWorld convention, there has been much noise about the gadget on the Internet and in the news. The iPhone is an Apple device that integrates a laptop, iPod, digital camera, and cell telephone into a single device with a touchscreen interface (Godwin-Jones, 2017). A person can use this device using the touch screen so that the user can interact with the information on the net. The primary purpose of this device is access to the Internet and interaction with other users. Since the iPhone is a compact device, it is possible to carry it with you. Every morning I check my device for news. Then, with the help of special applications, I check the message from my friends and also revise other essential aspects like the weather. The iPhone records which applications I use, what news I receive, and how I react to that as well. Thus, the device builds an algorithm for displaying advertisements and information that will fit the user’s preferences. Since all device usage data is then sent to Apple’s servers, a database is created that generates user behavior profiles. Someone watches more videos, and someone reads more. It changes the perception of the information and, accordingly, the display itself. All collected information about the usage of the artifact is collected in order to improve the user experience in future updates. The user agreement is permitted by Apple in order to understand user needs better. Cultural Uses The phone, as technological equipment, demonstrates intentionality and a program that prescribes usage, amplifying or lowering specific aspects of people’s thought and cognition. High levels of demand for iPhones may be explained by connecting narratives centered on Apple Inc., the neoliberal emphasis on personalization, and the amount that exceeds and cultural power of a so-called creative community (Martin, 2019). Most often, the iPhone is said to be an invention that changed the world. After Apple presented the iPhone, corporations from all over the world began to copy this form factor. To this day, most of the innovations that can be found on the market, if not presented on the iPhone, have been brought to perfection (Muntean et al., 2017). If we take recent years as an example, Apple has recently introduced an iPhone without frames, with a notch that stores the camera and other sensors. After the presentation, all phone manufacturers began to make the same phones with gaps, but no one managed to repeat the iPhone form factor. At the time of the release of the first iPhone, it was a challenge for thinking and action for the whole world. However, now this challenge has been overcome as the iPhone has entered the world culture as a common thing that everyone knows about. Thus, we can conclude that the world has approved this challenge and eventually accepted it as a given. At first, for everyone, the iPhone was an absolute novelty as a rethinking of the cell phone as such. Analysis Each new iPhone causes excitement on the Internet and leads to the fact that every person who is somehow following the news will know about the latest version of the iPhone without decelerating. Apple presents its devices in a way that evokes emotions in people around the world. The algorithm works so that initially, it is necessary to arouse sentiments in users so that they want to purchase it. Further, the brand works for itself: Apple has achieved high-quality devices over the years of design, and now the main advantage is the human emotions during the exploitation. The iPhone as a modern cultural artifact says a lot about today’s values. Although people do not recognize that today’s material values prevail, this is how it happens. iPhone is a cultural symbol of modernity and relevance; every teenager wants to have an iPhone because it shows the knowledge of trends. Even those people who do not want to buy Apple gadgets for themselves admit that the contribution of this company and the iPhone in particular to the culture is colossal. People who buy modern devices sacrifice their privacy as all data becomes available to the manufacturer’s company. It often happens that data is lost due to hacker attacks, which entails getting all the data to the public. However, it also leads to its advantages, such as relevance and power. iPhone is a device that is always relevant; Apple has ensured that when buying a two-year-old appliance, the user does not experience severe problems with the device’s significance. Due to the fact that this device appeared on the market more than ten years ago, today, it is difficult to say about changes in cultural norms. However, people can say for sure about a particular cultural shift at that time towards information technology. Oral Presentation Apple fans and technological trend-watchers waited with great expectancy for the much-anticipated official introduction of the Apple iPhone. A person can engage with the information available on the Internet by utilizing this device’s touchscreen interface. The gadget creates an algorithm to show advertisements and information based on the user’s choices. All information gathered regarding the use of the artifact is saved in order to create an enabling environment in future releases. Apple allows the license agreement in order to fully understand user demands. The phone, as a piece of technological equipment, demonstrates intentionality and a script that prescribes usage, amplifying or lowering specific aspects of people’s perception and action. The iPhone is frequently referred to as a world-changing invention. Following the introduction of the iPhone by Apple, firms from all over began to imitate this form factor, and to this day, most of the advances that can be found on the marketplace, if not displayed on the iPhone, have been perfected. When the first iPhone was released, it was a thought and action competition for the entire world. Nevertheless, this problem has already been addressed because the iPhone has become ingrained in global society as a commonplace item that everyone is aware of. Apple offers its products in a way that evokes strong emotions in individuals all around the world. The algorithm is designed in such a way that it is first essential to produce feelings in people in order for them to desire to purchase it. As a modern historical phenomenon, the iPhone tells a lot about today’s values. Although most people are unaware that today’s material values predominate, this is how it works. The iPhone is a cultural icon of modernity and relevance; every youngster desires an iPhone since it demonstrates an understanding of current events. People who purchase contemporary products give up their privacy because all data is made available to the manufacturer’s firm. References Godwin-Jones, R. (2017). Smartphones and language learning. Language Learning & Technology , 21 (2), 3-17. Martin, J. (2019). Artifact . Rochester Institute of Technology. Muntean, R., Antle, A. N., Matkin, B., Hennessy, K., Rowley, S., & Wilson, J. (2017). Designing cultural values into interaction. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 6062-6074.

ESSAY: Anatomy of the Pituitary Gland Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Overview 2. Hormones of the Gland 3. Anterior Lobe Hormones 4. Posterior Lobe Hormones 5. Summary 6. References Overview The pituitary gland is a major gland of the endocrine system. It excretes hormones in charge of other endocrine organs and different tissues within the body. It is approximated to be a third of an inch in diameter and found at the base of the brain. In addition to that pituitary and hypothalamus are located close to each other because they have intertwined functions. They are joined by the pituitary stalk or, more biologically, the infundibulum. The pituitary glands are composed of the posterior lobe and anterior lobe (Peate & Nair, 2017). The posterior lobe is not responsible for the production of hormones by itself. However, hormone production is done by nerve cells in the hypothalamus and posterior lobe, releasing them to circulation by the pituitary gland. On the other hand, the anterior lobe is responsible for excreting many hormones. Hormones of the Gland The pituitary gland hormones usually signal other endocrine glands to inhibit or stimulate their hormone manufacture. This section aims to discuss anterior and posterior lobe hormones, explain what triggers the release of these hormones, identify characteristics these hormones have in common, and classify which hormones are considered tropic hormones. Anterior Lobe Hormones The interior lobe releases hormones after getting inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus. These hypothalamic hormones are responsible for notifying the anterior lobe if it should release more of a particular hormone or stop the manufacture of the hormone (Nagata et al., 2019). The hormones produced by the anterior lobe after being notified are discussed below. * Prolactin hormones – These are hormones responsible for stimulating breast milk production. * Adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) – These are hormones that stimulate the adrenal gland to produce hormones. * Thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH) – These are hormones that stimulate the thyroid gland to manufacture hormones. * Growth hormones (GH) are crucial hormones in the early years of humans because they maintain healthy body composition and growth in children. In adults, GH helps in healthy muscle and bone and distributes fat. * Follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) – These are hormones that work closely with LH to ensure that ovaries and testes are functioning normally. * Luteinizing hormones (LH) – These are hormones that work with FSH to ensure that the testes and ovaries operate normally. Posterior Lobe Hormones The posterior lobe has nerve cells that are from the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus transmits hormones direct to the posterior lobe through the nerve cells, as well as the pituitary gland releases the transmitted hormones (Chapman, Singhal, Gaddamanugu & Prattipati, 2020). The hormones discussed below are contained in posterior lobe hormones. * Oxytocin – These are hormones involved in different procedures such as stimulating breast milk production and contracting the uterus during childbirth. * Anti-diuretic hormones (ADH) – These are hormones that make kidneys increase water absorption in the blood. The release of hormones can be triggered by neurological stimuli, changes in the blood, or by the action of other hormones. For instance, the endocrine glands excrete different types of hormones that control the development and regulation of the reproductive system (Peate & Nair, 2017). This type of action by the endocrine gland triggers the production of various hormones. All the hormones due to this have similar characteristics, such as low molecular weight. They are water-soluble, transported to target cells through circulation, and chemical entities produced by special cells of endocrine glands. Although they have similar characteristics, their classification is different such that TSH, ACTH, GH, FSH, and LH are classified as tropic hormones. Summary In some instances, the pituitary gland is also referred to as the master gland because it controls the functions of many of the other endocrine glands. The gland is also attached to the hypothalamus by nerve fibers and blood vessels (Nagata et al., 2019). However, this perspective can be misleading and incorrect because some individuals might think this gland does not receive instructions from other glands. The reality is that it receives signals from the hypothalamus to release more pituitary hormones. References Chapman, P., Singhal, A., Gaddamanugu, S., & Prattipati, V. (2020). Neuroimaging of the Pituitary Gland. Radiologic Clinics of North America , 58 (6), 1115-1133. Web. Nagata, Y., Takeuchi, K., Yamamoto, T., Ishikawa, T., Kawabata, T., & Shimoyama, Y. et al. (2019). Peel-off resection of the pituitary gland for functional pituitary adenomas: pathological significance and impact on pituitary function. Pituitary , 22 (5), 507-513. Web. Peate, I., & Nair, M. (2017). Fundamentals of anatomy and physiology for nursing and healthcare students (2nd ed., pp. 479-510). New Jersey: Wiley Blackwell.

ESSAY: Anna Pavlova and Dance Culture in the United States Essay The dance originated from a variety of movements and gestures associated with the processes of activity and emotional impressions of a person from the world around him. The movements were gradually subjected to artistic generalization. As a result, the art of dance was formed, one of the oldest manifestations of folk art. Anna Pavlova is one of those who brought the art of ballet to the United States. Initially associated with the word and song, the dance gradually acquired an independent meaning. Cultural representatives such as Anna Pavlova are cult figures and have influenced the development of the dance scene in the United States. Dance has always occupied and will occupy a huge space in the life and everyday culture of mankind. Anna Pavlova traveled across America, bringing her dance and ballet culture, surprising and delighting the audience. She presented unconventional dance styles and forms for the 1900s. She performed at such well-known venues as Broadway, where many viewers could meet and be inspired by a new direction for themselves (Soren, 2017). Therefore, Anna Pavlova spread a new approach to twentieth-century ballet shows. Such participation in the culture becomes memorable and affects the perception of many dancers and ordinary spectators. In my opinion, dance theory has a long history and many divisions. The practice of dance theory allows one to learn more about the possibilities of the human body, new directions, existing references and many other previously unexplored aspects. Being savvy in the theory of dance, the master can bring new development to the direction being practiced. At the same time, it is important to maintain a balance between the ideals transmitted in theory and the preservation of uniqueness. Reference Soren, D. (2017). Art History, Popular Culture and the Cinema. Kendall Hunt Publishing Co.

ESSAY: Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe: Poetry Analysis Essay Annabel Lee It was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by the sea, That a maiden there lived whom you may know By the name of Annabel Lee; And this maiden she lived with no other thought Than to love and be loved by me. I was a child and she was a child, In this kingdom by the sea, But we loved with a love that was more than love – I and my Annabel Lee – With a love that the wingèd seraphs of Heaven Coveted her and me. And this was the reason that, long ago, In this kingdom by the sea, A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling My beautiful Annabel Lee; So that her highborn kinsmen came And bore her away from me, To shut her up in a sepulchre In this kingdom by the sea. The angels, not half so happy in Heaven, Went envying her and me – Yes! – that was the reason (as all men know, In this kingdom by the sea) That the wind came out of the cloud by night, Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee. But our love it was stronger by far than the love Of those who were older than we – Of many far wiser than we – And neither the angels in Heaven above Nor the demons down under the sea Can ever dissever my soul from the soul Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; For the moon never beams, without bringing me dreams Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; And the stars never rise, but I feel the bright eyes Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side Of my darling – my darling – my life and my bride, In her sepulchre there by the sea – In her tomb by the sounding sea. -Edgar Allan Poe Title Based on the title, this poem is about a specific girl. It probably has a love connotation and is dedicated by the poet to his beloved. Paraphrase It happened a long time ago In the kingdom of the seaside land: There lived and blossomed the one that was always called, Called Annabelle Lee I loved, was loved, we loved together, This is the only way we could live. And, breathing love, we were both children In the kingdom of the seaside land. But we loved more than we love in love, Me and sweet Annabelle Lee And, looking at us, the angel of heaven Could not forgive us that love. That is why it happened a long time ago In the kingdom of the seaside land, From the sky, the wind blew cold from the clouds, He breathed on Annabelle Lee; And the relatives of a distinguished crowd converged And they took her away from me To forever put her in a sarcophagus, In the kingdom of the seaside land. The angel in paradise could not Know half such bliss – That is why it happened (as everyone knows In the kingdom of the seaside land) – The wind blew cold from the clouds at night And killed my Annabelle Lee. However, loving, we loved stronger and fuller Those who bore the burden of old age – Those who have surpassed us in wisdom – And neither the angels of heaven nor the demons of darkness, Could never separate Could not separate my soul from that of Seductive Annabelle Lee. And always a ray of the moon brings me dreams About captivating Annabelle Lee: And the star will light up, I always see the eyes of Seductive Annabelle Lee; And during twinkling nights, I am all with her, I am all with her, With the unforgettable – with the bride – with my love – I am stretched out beside her, In the sarcophagus of the seaside land. Connotation The literary context of the work is deeper than the literal one. The poet uses a long list of epithets: captivating, seductive, unforgettable, and others (Poe). He also resorts to inversion, for instance, in the phrase “And this maiden she lived” (Poe). Most of the lines do not rhyme but follow the rhythm. The list of metaphors includes the following examples: breathe love, induce dreams by a ray of the moon, and others (Poe). Poe also uses angels and demons to make a contrast. All these literary tools help the poet to immerse the reader in a sad and thoughtful mood. Attitude/Tone The poet uses sublime vocabulary to demonstrate his tender emotions. Both characters are children, but the story is told from the standpoint of an adult. The audience is general because the themes of love and death in the poem are revealed without unnecessary details. The poet shows his awe and excitement by using only a high syllable without a hint of humor. Shifts The events in the poem develop sequentially, but as the plot progresses, the speech becomes more emotional, as evidenced by numerous dashes and repetitions. At the beginning, the childish period is presented, and the view of an adult is shown at the end. However, both parts of the poem are united by the same emotion of awe. Title A beautiful and literary title, which is a female name, is associated with a love story in the spirit of medieval romanticism. Theme The poem is a sad love story of two young people who had tender feelings since childhood but were later separated, and the young man learns about the death of his beloved. The theme of unfinished love and female charm is revealed through the classical metaphorical nature and sublime style. Work Cited Poe, Edgar Allan. “Annabel Lee.” Poetry Foundation.

ESSAY: Annotated Bibliography of Rock Analysis Sources Annotated Bibliography Bjurström, Erling and Hylland, Ole M. (Eds.). (2018). Aesthetics and Politics: A Nordic Perspective on How Cultural Policy Negotiates the Agency of Music and Arts . Springer International Publishing. This scientific work tries to find the primary sources of rock as a culture. The authors refer to the ancient Nordic society, analyzing their way of life, moods and character. Musical instruments and the role of music as a sphere of art in the life of the layman are considered separately. As a result, the researchers come to the conclusion that it is impossible to identify the only source of the genre, but it is worth considering the whole society as a whole. This, in turn, suggests that rock can be regarded as a worldwide condition, since different parts of the world in one way or another invented rock motifs and melodies. Thus, the writers emphasize that the genre should be considered as a separate stage in the evolution of art, and not only in the field of music. Mazel, Aron, Charette, Carole and Nash, George. (Eds.). (2021). Indigenous Heritage and Rock Art. Worldwide Research in Memory of Daniel Arsenault . Archaeopress Publishing Limited. The authors of this book conduct a worldwide and large-scale study of the role of rock motifs and certain musical instruments in the life of primitive societies. Further, the writers notice the cultural characteristics of the natives and Indians, as well as African tribes, emphasizing rock music as a tool for connecting with God. This allows us to conclude that the religious meaning in rock culture is present as one of the root causes of the formation of a whole movement. Finally, it is worth highlighting the ubiquity of the analyzed genre, which explains not only the popularity of rock, but also the whole lifestyle associated with it. An important addition is the selection by researchers of the most popular and first melodies by sounds and notes, and the identification of a close relationship with ancient cultures. The conclusion of the study is that rock has its own clear laws and rules for implementation, which originate more than 1000 years ago. Moore, Allan and Carr, Paul. (Eds.). (2020). The Bloomsbury Handbook of Rock Music Research . Bloomsbury Academic. This book is not a study of the genre itself, but a guide to the methodology of studying rock. The authors compare and contrast the instruments used to explore this area of ​​music. It is noted that this genre does not need to be analyzed as a separate sphere of art, but, on the contrary, it can look for conjugations and relationships. In addition, an important note of the authors is the integrity and unity of all art. This is expressed primarily in the fact that the mood broadcast by rock can be observed in other subsystems. This in turn means that only an objective, exploratory and multifaceted approach can bring the right results. Smith, Heather N., Perrone, Alyssa, Wilson, Michael, Raghanti Mary Ann, Lovejoy, Owen C., Rosen, Merri J., Shanbhag, Sharad J., DeForrest, David S., Lyman, Lee R. and Eren, Metin I. (2021). Rock Music: An Auditory Assessment of Knapping . Web. This article explores the phenomenon of the popularity of rock music among everything on earth. The authors are sure that the relationship of the genre with moods and people comes from the distant past of civilization. One of the researches included in the article was the analysis of wooden and later electric musical instruments. The authors came to the conclusion that the choice of both the material and the tonality of the sound of such instruments is not accidental, but is intended to communicate to God, nature and the public about the most disturbing problems. It is this approach that is taken as the basis of the study, in which rock music is considered as a separate language of self-expression and cultural context. Šajnović, Melanija. (2021). Rebellious Sixties: Countercultural Values in Rock Music . Web. This book explores the relationship between culture and rock as a genre of music. It is remarkable that the authors take the basic sounds of English culture as a basis for studying and consider their introduction into the genre. Thus, the authors come to the conclusion that rock is not so much a relatively modern trend in art and culture as a collective image of different eras. Finally, the book provides theory and analysis of the origins of rock music and its development. This allows to understand the causes and key aspects of the whole process, as well as to reveal the relationship of the analyzed genre with world culture.

ESSAY: Anthrax: Breathless in the Midwest Essay Summary Anthrax, a serious breathing illness, is forcing air currents out of Midwesterners, sending dozens of people to the doctors’ offices. The victims are wheezing and gasping for breath and more people are being infected. Researchers begin the investigation by speaking with Zeke, who was the first victim to learn what he used to be before becoming ill. Zeke stated that he began wheezing and feeling super tired shortly after leading a soundtrack training course for 50 participants at a Chicago music venue. He suspected he had caught the illness from one of the learners in the classroom or that he had managed to catch it on a return flight from Africa two days before. The agent that is responsible for the outbreak is highly probable to have been released at the music festival. Agent Responsible for the Breathless Outbreak in the Midwest Anthrax is a dangerous disease caused by the bacterial Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax is not spreadable. Individuals cannot catch it from some other individual in the same way that one can catch a bad cold. Anthrax can be commonly found in soil normally and can infect domestic and wild animals such as livestock, sheep, and goats (Figueiredo, 2019). When living things consume spores (bacteria) from polluted soil, they are often ill. People can become infected with Anthrax by managing diseased animal protein or inhaling anthrax spores from animal foods. People can also become infected with Anthrax by eating raw meat from infected animals or being subjected to pathogens by bioterrorists. Overview of the Condition The outbreak took place at different locations in the United States; Chicago, Wisconsin, Illinois, and Milwaukee. A total number of fifteen individuals were infected, and emergency centers reported fifteen hospitalizations (CDC, 2022). In addition to that, there were seven reported deaths of the outbreak victims. These people have frequented emergency departments in the last two days with complaints of mild fever, tiredness, chest tightness, heart palpitations, and breathing difficulties. Numerous deaths have already occurred, and more people are on the brink of death. Current Condition of Breathless in the U.S The situation in the United States is getting worse every day. There has been an unexpectedly high number of kids with coughs, colds, and breathing difficulties this season (Denny et al., 2018). This is according to Rachel Wolfson, an acute inpatient general practitioner who treats sick people at the University of Chicago’s Comer Children’s Infirmary, in which the eleven Illinois reports were recognized (CDC, 2022). Wolfson explains that some of the children in her care required only nasal spray remedies, while others were significantly more ill (CDC, 2022). The lungs of one patient were in a such horrible condition that medics had to attach them to a blood oxygen generator. Epidemiologic Triangle In this part of the work, the principle of disease transition between the agent, host, and environment, also called the epidemiological triangle, is revealed. Anthrax is a deadly contagious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive, rod-shaped pathogen. It is found naturally in the soil and frequently harms both animals and food worldwide. Fungal spores of the disease can survive in the ground or meat feed, such as dehydrated or filtered animal skin and shearling for centuries. Spores can also stay alive in water for at least two years, dairy milk for a decade, and silk fibers for up to seventy-one years. Anthrax can make individuals sick if they come into the consumption of contaminated food or infected animal protein. Jungle or domestic livestock, such as sheep, livestock, ponies, and heifers, are prevalent hosts for Anthrax, as defensive antigens from anthrax toxin hijack receptor molecules. Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming bacterial infection that can sustain in harsh environments for long periods, causes Anthrax. When the pathogen enters a host immune system of a mammal, the spores germinate, rapidly distributing pathogens to the blood system. Initiatives that Community Health Nurses Can Undertake to Prevent Re-Occurrence Patients with isolated epidermal Anthrax who do not have institutional participation or difficulties can be handled as outpatients with antibacterial drug standard treatment. Individuals presumably infected must wash with soap and warm water rather than detergent solutions; garments and proof should indeed be put into three plastic shopping bags. If pathogens are proven, a 1:10 dilution of domestic bleach may be used to disinfect any components or surfaces that have not been sufficiently scrubbed by soap and warm water. Whenever the case of disease is revealed, one must inform community medical officials and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of issues reported. Additionally, a discussion with an infectious diseases specialist might be justified, though diagnosing patients with Anthrax is relatively simple. Individuals can lower their risk of Anthrax infection by being immunized. The BioThrax vaccine is the only FDA-approved anthrax vaccination. It is a five-dose vaccine sequence managed over an extended time when used as a preventive action. Products suspected of possessing biological agents are subject to special surveillance by or government. References CDC. (2022). Solve the outbreak . Cdc.gov. Web. Denny, N., Musale, S., Edlin, H., Thachil, J., & Serracino-Inglott, F. (2018). Iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis and the problem of post-thrombotic syndrome. Acute Medicine Journal , 17 (2), 99-103. Web. Figueiredo, L. (2019). Human urban arboviruses can infect wild animals and jump to sylvatic maintenance cycles in South America. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology , 9 . Web.

ESSAY: Anti-discrimination Legislation and Supporting Case Law Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Current Situation 2. The Equality Act 2010 3. Ways to Improve 4. Conclusion 5. References 6. Footnotes The UK has a very liberal labor market with minimal legislative interference and no strict administration. To assess the working conditions of disabled people, one should turn to history. One of the first laws passed by the UK was the Employment and Employment of the Disabled Persons Act of 1944. This document introduced a system for registering and registering people with disabilities, provided measures to promote the employment of disabled people in rehabilitation and vocational training programs, and established a quota standard workplaces. According to this act, to ensure the employment of registered persons with disabilities, a specialized Employment Service was created, which monitors vacancies in the labor market that correspond to the capabilities and qualifications of registered persons with disabilities. In addition, a National Advisory Council for the Employment of Persons with Disabilities has been established. Over time, it became clear that, as in many other countries, the quota system turned out to be ineffective for several reasons: firstly, many enterprises were exempted from the obligation to reserve quotas, and secondly, the vast majority of entrepreneurs were not at all aware of the instructions for mandatory quota. These factors, exacerbated by a lack of resources, ultimately minimized the positive impact of implementing the law. The response to this was the abolition of the quota system and the adoption in 1995 of the Act on Non-Discrimination of the Disabled and a package of additional regulations, in particular, on the education of the disabled. In 2005, a necessary amendment to the Disability Non-Discrimination Act was passed, expanding its scope. It obligated public authorities to promote and ensure the equality of the rights of disabled people compared to all non-disabled workers. It was a significant step, enshrined in law, to eliminate the difference in working conditions and social protection of persons with disabilities, preventing discrimination. This act served as the basis for developing practical state assistance to the disabled. So, along with it, the state program New Deal for Disabled people – NDDP is now operating 1 . The program created a national network of brokers to help people with health problems, and disabilities find permanent employment. By mid-2004, nearly 100,000 people were registered as government brokers in this program 2 . For example, in the employment of persons with disabilities, innovative approaches such as fully paid short probation and temporary part-time work have become widespread. A strong emphasis was placed on an individual approach to each disabled person, so no more than 50 applicants were assigned to each broker. Along with the brokers, another state program called ‘Pathways to work’ had advisors – specially trained social workers, not just volunteers 3 . Counselors assist their beneficiaries throughout the process of finding and applying for a job and during the working life of disabled people. The second key element of the NDDP system is the financing of brokers. The state stimulates and encourages the efforts of voluntary assistants for the successful employment of their wards for permanent work and pays them remuneration. The creation in 2002 of a new body, through the merger of the benefits agency and the employment service, was another step towards the rationalization and greater integration of persons with disabilities into labor relations. This new body, Jobcentre Plus, which is dissolved now, works based on an individual approach to the client 4 . It is technically well equipped and is a single point of employment, providing advice and support to all non-disabled people. Created in 1999, the well-structured Personal Abilities Assessment questionnaire for persons with disabilities was considered an excellent example for many countries of the Council of Europe 5 . However, today, with the adoption of the new Law, it is insufficient to solve many problems and is discriminatory in its way. This standardized system measures the possibility of functional limitations resulting from physical or mental health conditions and disabilities but does not measure the inability to work. It is necessary to include an assessment of measures for the treatment and recovery of people with disabilities that will help them return to their old job, and not just look for a new one, taking into account the disability received. Current Situation These actionable pieces of legislation demonstrate that the UK can be a model for the Council of European countries in helping people with disabilities find employment. The development of the economy and the introduction of stricter rules for receiving unemployment benefits has reduced unemployment in the United Kingdom from 10% in 1993 to about 4% today, and disability benefits have increased to 8% 6 . By the way, more people got the opportunity to receive disability benefits without losing their jobs. In the past few years, however, both indicators have stabilized, and in 2005 the total number of recipients of disability benefits fell for the first time in 30 years. The category of people receiving disability benefits has changed over the past 25 years. These are primarily disabled children, women, and, most importantly, people suffering from mental or behavioral health problems. The latter already make up 40% of all benefit recipients, and their share grows. Mental health problems are a significant barrier to work: less than 20% of people with mental health problems have a permanent job 7 . The overall employment rate for people with disabilities in the United Kingdom is slightly above the global average, both in absolute terms at 45% and relative to people without disabilities. In addition, the employment rate of people with disabilities has increased by 7% over the past eighteen years, which indicates the right direction of reforms in lawmaking 8 . Despite these encouraging employment data, the incomes of people with disabilities are a quarter lower than those of people without disabilities. It partly reflects the low rate of the public disability benefit. The Equality Act 2010 First, the Law contains new provisions to prevent candidates with disabilities from being screened out for work at the first stage of applying to the office. In the past, some human resources workers asked questions about health or disability at the initial stage of recruitment. In particular, they offered to fill out questionnaires in which the question of disability was directly and unambiguously – now there is no such question in the questionnaire. Applicants with disabilities were not allowed for further interviews, that is, until they could prove their professional suitability, skills, and abilities for work, which was discrimination. The new provisions aim to ensure the right of persons with disabilities to meaningful negotiations with the employer and the future leader to present all their abilities – education, experience, and desire to work – to perform the necessary work. Thus, the employer does not have the right to ask any questions about the health or disability of candidates until the candidate has been offered a job. However, it should be clarified here that there are certain situations where questions about health or disability can be asked early in the recruitment process, and these cases are specified in the Law. Moreover, they are connected with the primary work function and labor protection to determine whether a person can perform it in certain conditions. For example, an employee gets a job in a construction company as a builder. During the interview, he is asked if, for health reasons, he can climb and move around scaffolding. This question would be legitimate because it allows establishing that the work of the construction worker is safe for this worker. Secondly, the Law allows collecting and storing all helpful information on disability and health issues separately, anonymously. This classified information, voluntarily expressed by a disabled person in a job improvement interview, will allow for adjustments in hiring other people with similar health problems. It will allow assessing the applicant’s capabilities and determining what necessary measures can be taken to enable people with disabilities to work more efficiently and comfortably. Nevertheless, the employer has no right to ask questions about how the work itself will be performed until the person is accepted for it. For example, a deaf person, having been hired, expressed many ideas for improving working conditions. The employer took the necessary measures and entered information about them into the database. This information can help other companies improve working conditions and increase the work efficiency of a person with a disability. Anonymously, this information can serve as a source of further legislative reforms. This information should be kept separate from the job application to minimize the risk that these materials will influence the selection process. The only reason an employer has the right to ask a health question when applying for a job is national security considerations, which are enshrined in the Human Rights Act 1998. Once the employer has decided that the applicant meets the vacancy’s requirements, he can immediately offer him this position or include the applicant in the list of the best candidates. Moreover, when making a final decision, the employer has no right to discriminate against disabled people. So, after the employment of a disabled person, the Equality Law does not prohibit asking questions about the health of an employee if they will help to obtain additional benefits for the employee or employer or to improve the workplace of the disabled employee, which will allow him to do his job more accessible and better. Suppose a person believes that the employer has acted illegally by asking questions about health or disability that are not authorized by the Equality and Human Rights Commission, which can use enforcement measures against the employer. It is unnecessary to have a disability to apply to this commission; healthy people can also apply to this organization. However, it cannot be sued Employment Tribunal against an employer simply for asking illegal questions about a disability or medical condition. One can apply to the court only if two conditions are met: questions were asked, and the employer used this information about disability against the candidate: for example, did not hire after he learned about the disability of the candidate. If the employer asked questions that he did not have the right to ask but did not use this information to discriminate against a person because of a disability, that is, after a question about disability, he hired him, then discrimination did not take place, and there are no grounds for filing a claim. Ways to Improve By adopting this act, the state has identified one of the priority tasks – to expand the types of activities in which people with disabilities can work and improve the chances of employment of people with mental health problems. In this sense, the adoption of the Law on Equality is still not enough. To improve the position of persons with disabilities in labor relations, as well as to improve and improve the efficiency of the labor market in the UK, further reforms are planned, namely: * increasing the disability allowance for unemployed, disabled people; * encouraging people with disabilities who are integrated into the labor market to look for work; * promotion of medical examinations of non-disabled citizens to detect at an early stage certain diseases that may worsen at a particular workplace and lead to disability. Analyzing these measures, measures related to the early detection of health problems are considered a significant and promising direction in the development of lawmaking. In other words, it is necessary to speed up measures to identify the state of health of non-disabled citizens. Now in the UK, the so-called sick leave is paid by the employer, and the state authorities remain unaware of the illness or injury of an employee from the very beginning. As a result, there is an increase in cases where, after receiving sickness benefits, workers who are unable to return to work become disabled and automatically start receiving disability benefits if they qualify for benefits. Therefore, a health examination of a seriously ill or injured worker is carried out only a few months later. While covering sickness and disability for the first 28 weeks, Social Security cannot cover all of the employer’s expenses. Conclusion Analyzing the current legislation in the UK to improve the employment of people with disabilities and practical steps in this direction, it can be concluded that the Equality Act 2010 combines, harmonizes, and in some respects expands the existing legislation on the equality of the right to work of people with health problems and without those. This Law incorporates the best achievements of lawmaking on the rights of persons with disabilities and social protection. This document is direct evidence of the apparent shifts in British society towards tolerance. The law attempts to make society fairer to such a category of workers as the disabled. It is important to emphasize one unique feature of British legislation – prompt response to new challenges and problems arising in society. References Bruce Stafford and others, New Deal for Disabled People (NDDP): first synthesis report (Department for Work and Pensions 2004). Cheng, Zhiming and others, ‘Working parents, financial insecurity, and childcare: mental health in the time of COVID-19 in the UK.’ (2021) 19 Review of Economics of the Household 123. Department for Work and Pensions, ‘Jobcentre Plus Pathways to Work Official Statistics October 2011’ Web. Jane Lewis and others, ‘New Deal for Disabled People: An in-depth study of Job Broker service delivery’ Web. Office for National Statistics, ‘Unemployment’ Web. Peter Dwyer and others, ‘Final findings: Disabled people’ (2018) Welfare Conditionality: Sanctions, Support and Behaviour Change. Sayce, Liz, From psychiatric patient to citizen: Overcoming discrimination and social exclusion (Macmillan International Higher Education 1999). UK Government, ‘The employment of disabled people 2021’ Web. Footnotes 1. Jane Lewis and others, ‘New Deal for Disabled People: An in-depth study of Job Broker service delivery’ Web. 2. Bruce Stafford and others, New Deal for Disabled People (NDDP): first synthesis report (Department for Work and Pensions 2004). 3. Department for Work and Pensions, ‘Jobcentre Plus Pathways to Work Official Statistics October 2011’ Web. 4. Peter Dwyer and others, ‘Final findings: Disabled people’ (2018) Welfare Conditionality: Sanctions, Support and Behaviour Change. 5. Sayce, Liz, From psychiatric patient to citizen: Overcoming discrimination and social exclusion (Macmillan International Higher Education 1999). 6. Office for National Statistics, ‘Unemployment’ Web. 7. Cheng, Zhiming and others, ‘Working parents, financial insecurity, and childcare: mental health in the time of COVID-19 in the UK.’ (2021) 19 Review of Economics of the Household 123. 8. UK Government, ‘The employment of disabled people 2021’ Web.

ESSAY: Anxiety Level of University Students During COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: Summary Annotated Bibliography The article primarily focuses on improving the overall understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Arabia’s students. The authors aim to highlight the critical intricacies of anxiety and the latter’s relationship with the pandemic, where the primary data collection method was online questionnaires. The research utilizes Zung’s self-rating anxiety questionnaire, which provides a wide range of anxiety indexes that can be further studied on the correlational relationship in regard to gender, age, and year of study. The article is highly useful to the selected topic of research since it provides valuable insight into how the pandemic affects university students without viral infection. The study’s core limitation is that measurements are done only in one university, meaning that the data might not reflect other educational institutions. The COVID-19 pandemic was a catastrophic experience not only due to the virus itself but also its indirect impacts, such as the increase in overall anxiety and stress among the population of the nation. The article will not be the core basis of my research, but it will be utilized as an essential source of information and evidence for anxiety-related data. References Khoshaim, H. B., et al., 2020, ‘Anxiety level of university students during COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia’, Frontiers in Psychiatry, vol. 11, no. 579750, pp. 56-64.

ESSAY: Application Development Using Android Studio Essay Android Studio is developed for Android to accelerate one’s application development. This helps one to build the highest-quality applications for each Android gadget. The following are some of the significant characteristics found in Android Studio for building Android applications. Android Studio, as per the Intellij IDEA, offers the fastest turnaround on an app developer’s coding and operational workflow. Further, its Apply Changes characteristic allows an app developer to change resources and push code to a running app without restarting the app. This flexibility assists one to control how much of the application is restarted when one wants to install and test small, incremental modifications while preserving the gadget’s existing state. It also has a code editor feature that assists one to work faster, write better code, and be productive by providing improved code completion, code analysis, and refactoring (Horton, 2021). Android Studio will offer recommendations in the dropdown list as one type. Furthermore, the Android Studio has an Android Emulator feature that installs and initiates one’s apps faster than the actual gadget. It also permits one to prototype and test an application on different Android gadgets configurations such as tablets, smartphones, Android wearable, and Android Television gadgets. One may also kindle a range of hardware characteristics like network latency, GPS location, and multi-touch input and motion sensors. At each stage, Android Studio assists Android app developers in ensuring they create the best code through sample apps and code templates. Android Studio also offers a robust static analysis structure and comprises more than 365 different lintelligence checks across one’s entire app. It also has many quick fixes that assist one to resolve issues in different categories like security, performance, and accuracy. Android Studio offers a range of testing tools and frameworks to help one in testing the app (Horton, 2021). Android Studio also creates a unified environment where an app developer may build apps for Android tablets, wearable devices, Android Auto, and Android Televisions. The Android Studio project building is separated into two files, Java and XML, because these enable one to develop apps using both the two files. The Android app development framework supports one to develop applications using XML and Java. Java and XML files each perform a different role in Android App development. Any app developed, typically has the following behavior, layout, and resources. Java file in Android Studio is employed because of App’s behavior when one wants the app to do something. Java file will provide an android app with an independent environment to do something. For example, Android Software Development Kit (SDK) has included several standard Java libraries (Boduch & Derks, 2020). Java libraries offer functionalities for mathematic functions, data structure, networking functions, and graphics implantation. Further, an XML file in the Android Studio enables one to create a layout and resources. When one wants an app to appear in a certain way then XML file becomes of great use in Android Studio project building. When resources such as files and libraries are sometimes required then, XML becomes helpful. XML offers a permanent, robust, verifiable, and non-proprietary file format for both off and on the website to distribute and store data and text (Boduch & Derks, 2020). The use of XML in Android Studio is to create layout files as it permits each tag to be closed and preserves white space as opposed to using HTML. References Boduch, A., & Derks, R. (2020). React and react native: A complete hands-on guide to modern web and mobile development with React.js (3 rd ed.). Packt Publishing. Horton, J. (2021). Android programming for beginners: Build in-depth, full-featured Android apps starting from zero programming experience (3 rd ed.). Packt Publishing.

ESSAY: Application of Culture Industry to Modern Social Life Essay (Critical Writing) Theodor Adorno’s concept of industrial culture implied a strong connection between capitalist society and the products capitalism produces in the cultural sphere to enhance the existing social practices that benefit the further development of capitalism. Therefore, Adorno suggested that most media products, such as films, books, television programs, reinforce the population’s belief in capitalist values. On the other hand, the structural functionalism theory approaches society as a living organism, where each part of society plays its function in the viability maintenance of the whole organism. Therefore, even though the concepts have similarities in equally prioritizing the importance of stability in society, their differences can be more apparent through application to modern culture and society. In his theory, Adorno pointed at the obvious narrative of mass media products, such as films and books, where wealth is often associated with happiness. However, another example with a more apparent connection to reinforcing capitalism is entertainment for children. From a very young age, modern children are exposed to different sorts of media in the form of tv shows, cartoons, and animated films. In the structural functionalism approach, the entertainment industry for children presents a source of education and emotional development. In different forms, the children’s entertainment industry teaches them important moral practices of being kind and polite to other people, which serves as the foundation for security in the future society. However, in the industrial culture approach, modern children’s entertainment is focused on selling the merchandise of different characters featured in films. For example, one of the most influential companies, Disney, invented the business model of using cartoon characters to attract children to their theme parks (Clement, 2018). Now, the company strategically plans simultaneous launches of animated films and merchandise with the films’ characters to ensure financial benefit. References Clément, T. (2018) “They all trust Mickey Mouse”: Showcasing American capitalism in Disney theme parks. The French Journal of Media Studies, 7 (1), 1-24. Web.

ESSAY: Application of Interviewing to a Violence Victim Essay (Critical Writing) Table of Contents 1. Setting 2. Techniques and Strategies 3. Question Types 4. References The purpose of interviewing the victim is to prepare him for the court sessions. The advocate tells the victim what he expects to see and hear during the court proceedings. It is important to ensure that John Smith is ready to communicate about the assault for the trial. The information obtained from the interview is essential because it can indicate whether the victim is implicated in the crime (“Interviewing Techniques in Domestic Violence Cases,” n.d.). By questioning the victim, the advocate can tell whether he is giving all the needed information, especially by narrating what happened. Smith also needs questioning because he needs to understand the conditions in which he will be willing to talk in court or even in the interview room. The information is also needed for the proceeding, especially if the victim will be presented by the advocate. During the interview, the advocate should inform the victim’s rights regarding the case and that he is free to leave at any time should he feel uncomfortable because he is not under arrest. Setting The setting of the interview is critical to the willingness and chances of the victim to communicate. According to Kasim and Kamba (2019), domestic violence victims are less likely to confide if they feel threatened by the immediate environment. Thus, the environment in which the interview takes place should be conducive and comfortable enough for the victim to feel safe (“CJ 140 Project Three Scenario Victim Witness Advocate,” n.d). The current setting will make Smith feel safe because it is an office, separate from other courthouse amenities and activities. The room also will have fewer people and, in this case, the interviewee and interviewer. The presence of law and governmental picture in the walls will highly increase the trust of Smith in the law hence giving Smith some safety assurance (Kasim & Kamba, 2019). Reduced noise and fewer disruptive decorations or information on the office walls are likely to make the victim concentrate. In other words, the isolated office will offer Smith the safety, confidence, and comfort he needs to talk. The conducive environment provided by the office setting will also make the interviewer confident and attentive. The absence of many people in the office gives the interviewer the confidence to assure the victim that he can speak without fear (“CJ 140 Project Three Scenario Victim Witness Advocate,” n.d). The advocate will be more attentive to Smith because there are minimal interruptions from other people. Environments such as the police station or a law firm are not suitable for the interview because the advocate might be interrupted by police seeking inquiries or colleagues. In such a setting where fewer people are listening to their conversation, the advocate can ask all types of questions needed to get the right information. Furthermore, the presence of law enforcement and government picture in the walls help the advocate to feel within the legal power boundaries to interview the victim. The location of the office, which is in the courthouse, guarantees the safety of the advocate as well as the reach of all information that may be necessary for the interview. Techniques and Strategies The setting of the interview and the fact that the advocate read the victim’s rights make him feel free to leave. The first thing to inform Smith before starting the interview is that he is free to leave anytime he wants because he is not under arrest. The victim may feel the need to leave if he is not ready or comfortable speaking to the interviewer. The advocate has to inform Smith that he should willingly participate in the interview and that he can leave should he feel like he cannot continue. The advocate should use body language that encourages the victim to open up. The interviewer should remain calm with little body movements to create a calm environment (Kasim & Kamba, 2019). If the interviewer shows anxiety through constant body movement, the interviewee will likely be interrupted or feel unsafe to talk. Some of the body movements to avoid include cracking a knuckle, scratching the head or other body parts, hand knocks on the table, bending and crisscrossing the legs (Kasim & Kamba, 2019). However, the advocate should not be too stiff because that might create unnecessary tension. The interviewer must keep and maintain eye contact with the victim. Eye contact helps both parties to pay attention, ask the right questions and get the right answers. During the interview, I will use a calm and direct tone to ask the right questions and get befitting answers. A calm or lower pitch of voice should be used to avoid sounding harsh. The advocate should ask direct questions in a supportive and matter-of-fact tone (“Interviewing Techniques in Domestic Violence Cases,” n.d.). The interviewee should never feel like the interviewer is being judgmental or insensitive. A sympathetic tone can also be used to show Smith that his situation is understandable. Showing sympathy makes the victim develop trust for the advocate. The tone should also be professional yet friendly to maintain boundaries and still connect with the victim. Question Types The important information needed from the interview is about the timeline of the assault. Smith should explain what conspired on the reported morning in lengthy details. He should tell exactly how he knew he had been attacked and what he did after the assault. Details about the frequency of assaults from his wife, either verbal or physical, are critical. Smith should also tell whether they had argued or some misunderstanding earlier in the day before the assault. Information about whether Smith has ever assaulted Jane, either verbally or emotionally, is also needed. It is also important to know how the couple always solved their disputes after the verbal assault or emotional abuse in the past. Lastly, the advocate needs to know whether Jane Smith only assaults her husband when drunk and how often she drinks. Various types of questions, including reflective, directive, indirect, diversion, and self-appraisal, will help to gain the needed information. However, some types of questions, including reflective, directive, and self-appraisal, will be more useful than indirect and diversion because they are least likely to fetch the right information. Reflective questions will help Smith to focus on the happenings of the event, while directive questions will help him to tell the exact details needed (Kasim & Kamba, 2019). Self-appraisal or self-evaluation questions make the victim look into his life with his wife, thus remembering the assault’s conditions (“Interviewing Techniques in Domestic Violence Cases,” n.d.). Indirect questions might be the least useful in the interview because they may lack specificity and require more time to answer. Equally, diversion questions might make the interviewee wander between information before getting to the important details. Some of the pitfalls to avoid include asking judgmental, annoying, boring, or suggestive questions. Judgmental questions such as “So you just stayed down and did not hit her back?” may annoy the victim and end the cooperation. Pointed type of questions that shows the advocate is bored or annoyed may hinder Smith from giving more information (“Interviewing Techniques in Domestic Violence Cases,” n.d.). Leading questions also may not be suitable because they may direct the interviewee to the incorrect direction of facts. Furthermore, questions that might seem to blame or intimidate the victim obstruct some critical information. Rhetoric or ambiguous questions such as “Are you okay?” are not necessary and may not help to find out how the victims feel. References CJ 140 project three scenario victim witness advocate. (n.d.). 1. Interviewing techniques in domestic violence cases. (n.d.). 1-16. Web. Kasim, N. M., & Kamba, S. N. M. (2019). Implementation of assistance for victims of domestic violence. Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services , 1 (1), 147-156. Web.

ESSAY: Applying Neural Stem Cells to Counteract Brain Aging Annotated Bibliography Summary The human brain is the most complex organ and system in existence, which has a highly limited regenerative characteristic making aging a major factor in its deterioration. The proposed research aims to assess how neural stem cells replace and differentiate into neurons and other cells of the brain to use them for therapeutic purposes. Working thesis: neural stem cells must be used as a therapeutic measure to slow or halt the aging process due to their rejuvenation and differentiation capabilities. Galiakberova, A. A., & Dashinimaev, E. B. (2020). Neural stem cells and methods for their generation from induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro . Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 8 , 1-20. The study explores how neural stem cells differentiate into different forms of mature neural cells, including neurons themselves. Pluripotent stem cells, or PSCs, are the best candidates for in vitro generation and cultivation of neural stem cells. There is a wide range of phenotypes when it comes to the differentiation process, which is why a strict condition setting is critical. The source will be useful for exploring and discussing how neural stem cells can be used in practice since the study focuses on in vitro mechanisms. Lazutkin, A., Podgorny, O., & Enikolopov, G. (2019). Modes of division and differentiation of neural stem cells. Behavioral Brain Research, 374 , 1-9. The research analyzes the process of hippocampal neurogenesis, where the emphasis is put on the neural stem cell lifecycle. The proposed neural stem cell maintenance, division, and differentiation models can occur in symmetric and asymmetric ways. Astrocytes play a central role in maintaining neural stem cells, such as quiescent ones. The source will be highly useful in providing information on the intricate process of stem cell pool preservation. Navarro Negredo, P., Yeo, R. W., & Brunet, A. (2020). Aging and rejuvenation of neural stem cells and their niches. Cell Stem Cell, 27 (2), 202-223. The study focuses on two key neural stem cell pools in the mammalian brain: the subventricular zone (SVZ) and dentate gyrus (DG). The location of SVZ is lateral ventricles, whereas DG is located in the hippocampus. The assessment of the literature reveals that neural stem cells are critical for brain rejuvenation, and health-promoting interventions slow brain aging. The source provides a mass of valuable knowledge and literature analysis; thus, it will be used as comprehensive evidence. Obernier, K., & Alvarez-Buylla, A. (2019). Neural stem cells: Origin, heterogeneity and regulation in the adult mammalian brain. Development, 146 (4), 1-15. The study focuses on the process of cell specialization and differentiation in the rodent brain. The key elements include molecular control, heterogeneity, and regional specification. It is stated that neighboring cells use neurotransmitters to signal the pattern of neural stem cell self-renewal. The source provides insightful data on how neural stem cell pools are maintained throughout brain development and maturity. Petrik, D., Jorgensen, S., Eftychidis, V., & Siebzehnrubl, F. A. (2022). Singular adult neural stem cells do not exist. Cells, 11 (722), 1-22. The study specifically focuses on adult neural stem cells because they produce new neurons throughout one’s life. The authors address the recent findings in regard to progenitor cells being able to undergo self-renewal. The factor of heterogeneity plays a central role in long-term brain health through cell replacement. The source is useful for illustrating the relationship between neural stem cells and other cells. Tang, Y., Yu, P., & Cheng, L. (2017). Current progress in the derivation and therapeutic application of neural stem cells. Cell Death and Disease, 8 (10), 1-12. The source provides a summative overview of transplantation procedures in regard to neural stem cells. The current state of progress in the field is faced with an array of issues. It is indicated that novel derivation methods, such as trans-differentiation from somatic cells, are developed. The source is highly useful for the practical aspects of implementing neural stem cells’ antiaging properties in the human brain. References Galiakberova, A. A., & Dashinimaev, E. B. (2020). Neural stem cells and methods for their generation from induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro . Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 8 , 1-20. Lazutkin, A., Podgorny, O., & Enikolopov, G. (2019). Modes of division and differentiation of neural stem cells . Behavioral Brain Research, 374 , 1-9. Navarro Negredo, P., Yeo, R. W., & Brunet, A. (2020). Aging and rejuvenation of neural stem cells and their niches . Cell Stem Cell, 27 (2), 202-223. Obernier, K., & Alvarez-Buylla, A. (2019). Neural stem cells: Origin, heterogeneity and regulation in the adult mammalian brain. Development, 146 (4), 1-15. Petrik, D., Jorgensen, S., Eftychidis, V., & Siebzehnrubl, F. A. (2022). Singular adult neural stem cells do not exist . Cells, 11 (722), 1-22. Tang, Y., Yu, P., & Cheng, L. (2017). Current progress in the derivation and therapeutic application of neural stem cells . Cell Death and Disease, 8 (10), 1-12.

ESSAY: Archetypes and Common Concepts in Everyday Life Essay Archetypes describe such characteristics, which are universal patterns that define certain events, objects, or people. In literature, they describe representations and concepts that are common to all people, which allow people to understand and interpret stories. However, archetypes also exist in everyday life and play a significant role in shaping the perception of the world around them. In particular, there are archetypes of people that help determine their character and actions, as well as motivation. Applying this concept to everyday life, one can single out special types of people who have a set of common and exclusive characteristics for them. They are formed both on the basis of the actions and inclinations of the person and depending on the environment. An example of an archetype in everyday life is the head of a large modern corporation, such as Elon Musk. He can be defined as a hero or creator who has the inspiration and courage to change the world around him. Other people perceive it in this way, which makes it a great example of an archetype. All his actions are motivated precisely by these characteristics, and his primary motivation is the transformation of the world. The presence of archetypes in everyday life allows me to compose a more comprehensive perception of people and events. In particular, based on the characteristics I know, I can determine the motivation and role of a certain person, which makes him more predictable. This is certainly more difficult than may be presented in the literature because people often have mixed features. However, in general, the concept of archetypes gives me the opportunity to understand the actions of people and their characters. I can later use this information to form my own relationship with them.

ESSAY: “Are Gen Z More Pragmatic About Love and Sex?” by Klein Essay Introduction The shifts in attitudes of people towards romantic relationships and, more specifically, marriage are attributes of societal development. From this perspective, the trends common for Gen Z are incredibly informative and, therefore, used for analyzing the situation in this area (Klein, 2022). It is clear that individuals’ mindsets are formed under the influence of external circumstances, which implies the correlation of opinions about love and sex with the presence of threats to personal well-being. Hence, one cannot examine the accompanying phenomena and cause-and-effect relationships while neglecting either the human factor or the conditions of the environment. One of the articles devoted to the subject is “Are Gen Z more pragmatic about love and sex?” and its critical analysis can reveal the elements of effective writing intended for considering complex events. Summary of the Article In the selected piece, Jessica Klein narrates the tendency for representatives of Gen Z to postpone marriage and avoid long-term relationships while prioritizing personal issues. Compared to previous generations, these individuals do not view this area as a natural condition for entering adulthood due to a number of reasons. First, the advantages of single life are more attractive than settling down and help them satisfy their need for introspection (Klein, 2022). Second, people in this group adopt a pragmatic approach to the matter because they understand the necessity of gaining stability in life in order to have a family (Klein, 2022). Third, Gen Zers face more problems than their parents due to the pandemic and prefer to reflect on the kind of person they want to be partners with and choose them carefully (Klein, 2022). As a result, the processes in this area slow down significantly, and the primary focus on self, as opposed to interactions with others, justify the changes which happened to this part of human life. Response Evidence The examined article is an effective piece of writing due to the inclusion of evidence from numerous sources, both of qualitative and quantitative nature. Thus, Klein (2022) refers to multiple studies related to the subject under consideration, including surveys conducted among the target population and statistical data gathered by official institutions. More importantly, she analyzes the current tendencies in the relationships of Gen Z through the lens of the experience of previous generations (Klein, 2022). This approach to the task makes the findings more credible compared to a possible orientation on the information received from the participants and, consequently, confirms the reliability of conclusions for conducting further research. The overall extensiveness of this publication is also supported by the inclusion of personal opinions alongside the studies mentioned above (Klein, 2022). In this way, the selection of appropriate instruments for the purposes of this article is one of its main advantages. External and Internal Factors Another aspect that should be emphasized as a benefit of the publication under consideration is the incorporation of both external and internal factors for providing comprehensive results. The former implies the particular attention of the author to the conditions of the environment, which affected the preferences of Gen Z in their romantic relationships and marriage. They include the ongoing pandemic, the increasing risks in terms of financial well-being, and the changing roles within families (Klein, 2022). As for the individual circumstances influencing people’s choices, they are the perception of responsibility for one’s happiness, the desire to achieve success before getting married, and the need for stability as a foundation for interactions (Klein, 2022). The scholar’s focus on these two aspects of the matter proves to be effective in presenting a clear picture while also specifying the cause-and-effect relationships between personal attitudes and the rapidly evolving conditions of society. Therefore, this factor is another advantage that allows claiming the publication’s significance. Psychological Underpinning Finally, the psychological underpinning of the article demonstrated by individuals’ feedback is a valuable area, and its presence indicates the precision of conclusions from the perspective of one’s understanding. In this piece, Klein (2022) effectively refers to the ideas which were common for people in the past, namely, the perception of marriage as a critical stage in life. They are contrasted by the changing needs of respondents, including the desire for greater flexibility in all areas and the recognition of the failure of the previously existing mechanisms (Klein, 2022). These conditions are explicitly related to citizens’ psychology since they are guided in their decisions solely by comfort, as they see it critical for both being in relationships and staying single. Therefore, the orientation on this aspect is particularly beneficial for determining people’s motives. Conclusion In conclusion, the analyzed article is an example of a compelling message concerning the pragmatism of Gen Z in approaching romantic relationships and marriage. This standpoint is primarily conditional upon the inclusion of extensive qualitative and quantitative data as evidence of the trends. They are complemented by the examination of external and internal factors which correlate with the changes in this area and serve as proof of the link between the environment and individual actions. In addition, the author highlights the psychological aspect of the matter, which adds credibility to the findings while being informative in terms of the motivations of people who delay long-term partnerships. Reference Klein, J. (2022). Are Gen Z more pragmatic about love and sex? . BBC. Web.

ESSAY: Area Management Report for the Sport Fisheries of Anchorage Annotated Bibliography From 2016 to 2018, this study summarizes sport fisheries in the Anchorage Management Area. They contained a description and historical background of each sport fishery, as well as information on how each fishery is now managed, as well as performance and escapement data for 2016–2018. According to the report, reductions in the number and size of fish available for release in locally stocked lakes have had a detrimental impact on local fisheries’ popularity and productivity. It should be mentioned that because this source gives statistical data, it may be trusted. All of this will surely be beneficial to the study, as official data must be considered. The sport fisheries in the North Gulf Coast Management Area are discussed in this study. A summary and overview of each fishery are included, and information on how the fisheries are managed and fishery performance and escapement from 2016 to 2018. This report is provided by the official department that controls fishing activities in Alaska. However, it should be noted that this source can be considered reliable as it provides statistical information. All this will undoubtedly be useful for research since it is necessary to take into account official data. The intricacy of variables that restrict or encourage diversity in Alaskan fisheries, one of the world’s most important fishing locations, is examined in this case study. They looked at changes in participation and portfolio variety in Alaskan fisheries over three decades using a mix of harvest statistics and literature reviews. The four case studies looked at how fishers, fleets, and communities responded to various interconnected stressors, such as biological decreases, market and pricing dynamics, and fisheries privatization. Experts also verified this article, which is reflected in the reliability and accuracy of the information provided. It will be useful for research because it reflects current trends and factors affecting the spread of sport fishing. The results of an online survey of a randomly selected sample of Alaska sport fishing license holders are presented in this paper. The poll had 3,955 responses and was conducted in June 2018. In general, the study aimed to learn about respondents’ grasp of sport fish rules (SFR) as well as their preferences for communication strategies. Our report gives us the ability to conclude the laws and acts governing sport fishing today. This is especially important for the study, as it provides information from the interviewed fishers. According to this study, the high expenses of participation in catch-sharing programs reduced subsistence fishing activity due to salmon reduction, and complicated laws are the biggest problems that fishing communities face when it comes to fisheries management. For coping with these obstacles, social networks exist; fisheries information and resources like food, fuel, and medications are exchanged across communities. This article was also published in a scientific journal, which may indicate that experts have verified it. As part of the study, this work will be useful for studying communities directly related to fishing activities. According to one study, the economic consequences were particularly significant for coastal communities in Alaskan regions where salmon and halibut are abundant. Sport fisheries in Alaska show that the economic potential of northern sports fisheries is enormous. Sportfishing infrastructure and services will be built and maintained if sport fishing resources are preserved, allocation problems with other fisheries are handled, and sport fishing infrastructure and services are created and maintained. This article can be considered quite reliable since it is peer-reviewed. In addition, the study itself provides a lot of statistical data, confirmed by studies. This article will serve as a reliable source, as it allows you to determine the economic benefits of sport fishing. The study examines sector-level developments and gives a basic overview of the charter sector’s economic situation two years (2015 and 2017) after the Alaska halibut catch sharing plan (CSP) was adopted in 2014. It also involves a change to utilizing proportionately more part-time guides/operators rather than full-time guides/operators and a decrease in the number of full-time and part-time crew members. The Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) developed and implemented the Alaska Saltwater Sport Fishing Charter Business Survey. It is done to collect baseline economic data about the charter fisheries sector to understand its economics and evaluate the effects of regulatory changes. This source is reliable, as it is an official report used by authorized bodies. Thus, this study will be used in work as one of the primary sources concerning the issues of earnings and employment in this fishing sector. The physical and psychological hardships of commercial fishing in Alaska are shown in the article as the uplifts or pleasant experiences that fishers report. The researchers detail a variety of coping techniques used throughout the fishing season and the situations in which they are used. The findings provide light on the relationship between human behavior, stresses, coping strategies, and psychological uplifts when working in intense settings. This article can also be considered a reliable source since it is peer-reviewed since it is published in an academic journal. It also reflects reliable factors that will determine the psychological state of fishers, which is essential for understanding the sportfishing industry. According to this news report, the Kasilof River early run king salmon sport fishery on the Kenai Peninsula is limited to two hatchery-produced fish 20′′ and more in length on the Kasilof River upstream to the Sterling Highway bridge. The emergency order only allows anglers to capture and release naturally produced king salmon using a single hook, either baited or unbaited, or an artificial lure. It should be noted that this source cannot be entirely reliable since it is a news site. However, news and articles are essential for this study, as it allows us to give specific examples from the current situation. The dynamics of women’s participation in Alaska commercial fisheries, including their roles within fishing families, the evolution of the involvement of women, views of equity and access, and the consequences of gender traditionalism, are investigated in this research. To avoid biases and unexpected repercussions, such gendered implications of ecological, social, economic, and managerial changes must be acknowledged. Women’s engagement in Alaska’s commercial fishing is consistent with global trends and impacts. Gender stereotypes, taboos, conventions, and harassment all affect this involvement, which is highly responsive to and bound by family circumstances. Women in fishing families perform a critical adaptive role, entering and quitting fisheries in response to changing conditions, especially when children are involved. This study is a reliable source, as it uses various statistical data reflecting the state of women’s fishing. This article will be useful in the study, as it allows us to consider inclusivity issues in this type of activity. Works Cited Baumer, Jay. Area Management Report for the Sport Fisheries of Anchorage, 2016–2018 . Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 2020. Baumer, Jay. Area Management Report for the Sport Fisheries of the North Gulf Coast, 2016–2018 . Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 2019. Beaudreau, Anne H., Eric J. Ward, et al. “Thirty Years of Change and the Future of Alaskan Fisheries: Shifts in Fishing Participation and Diversification in Response to Environmental, Regulatory and Economic Pressures.” Fish and Fisheries , vol. 20, no. 4, 2019, pp. 601–19, Web. Escher, Daniel. Improving Communication of Sport Fishing Regulations in Alaska . Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 2018. Himes-Cornell, Amber. “Social Networks of Alaska Fishing Communities.” Coastal Management , vol. 47, no. 1, 2019, pp. 1–22, Web. Knapp, Gunnar P. “The Economic Value of Alaska Sport Fisheries.” Bulletin Of Kamchatka State Technical University , vol. 1, no. 57, 2021, pp. 107–11, Web. Lew, Daniel Kevin. Costs, Earnings, and Employment in the Alaska Saltwater Sport Fishing Charter Sector, 2017 . Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 2019. Pickett, Jennifer, and Joeri Hofmans. “Stressors, Coping Mechanisms, and Uplifts of Commercial Fishing in Alaska: A Qualitative Approach to Factors Affecting Human Performance in Extreme Environments.” Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments , vol. 15, no. 1, 2019, pp. 1–16, Web. Rockey, Timothy. “Southcentral King Salmon Sport Fisheries Restricted by Emergency Orders.” Alaska’s News Source , 2022, Web. Szymkowiak, Marysia. “Genderizing Fisheries: Assessing Over Thirty Years of Women’s Participation in Alaska Fisheries.” Marine Policy , vol. 115, 2020, p. 103846, Web.

ESSAY: Argumentation Based on Deductive Arguments Essay Deductive reasoning involves the construction and development of cause-and-effect solid relationships. It is noteworthy that the connection is established either between two facts or a point and the idea of how it will affect the future (Besnard & Hunter, 2018). Thus, a judgment (logical expression) includes the first – the prerequisites, the second – the conclusion. In logic, an argument is valid only when it has a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be correct and the judgment to be wrong. According to the explained three types of deductive arguments, a valid statement does not need to have actually trustworthy premises. Still, it must have ones that, if they were accurate, would guarantee that the conclusion is proper. Example: 1. All metals are heavy 2. Tin is a metal 3. Tin is heavy A sound argument must have both a valid form and true premises. Valid arguments can be unsound, but they will have wrong assumptions. Example: 1. All dogs are cats 2. All mice are dogs 3. All mice are cats What makes this a valid statement is not that it has trustworthy premises and a proper conclusion but the logical necessity of the judgment, given the two assumptions. The argument would be just as valid if the premises and conclusion were wrong. However, it is essential to determine that the purpose of argumentation is to establish the truth of a judgment. An invalid argument does not achieve this goal, so it cannot be considered sound (Besnard & Hunter, 2018). A sound argument has a valid form and true premises; thus, it cannot be invalid in all cases. If the argument is invalid, then the beliefs thoroughly do not matter, and, in fact, only the conclusion remains. Therefore, this means that there is no argument in this case, especially a sound one. Reference Besnard, P., & Hunter, A. (2018). A review of argumentation based on deductive arguments. Handbook of Formal Argumentation , 1 , 436-484.

ESSAY: Argumentative Essay: Vaccine Mandates in the Workplace Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Argument 1, Supporting Points, and Counterargument 3. Argument 2, Supporting Points, and Counterargument 4. Argument 3, Supporting Points, and Counterargument 5. Conclusion 6. Works Cited Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a debate about vaccine mandates for companies. Many businesses, even those that do not deal with medical services, have introduced rules to exclude unvaccinated workers from workplace activities. This essay argues that worker vaccination should not be mandatory because it leads to unjust firings, makes information on employees’ health and beliefs less private, and does not consider natural immunity and its effects. Argument 1, Supporting Points, and Counterargument Mandatory vaccines cause people to lose jobs and limit their ability to support families. First, when all workers are expected to be fully vaccinated, it leads to discrimination and affects some employees who can be their families’ only sources of financial support. In New York City, around 3,000 municipal employees have been threatened with getting fired if they refuse to get vaccinated (Fitzsimmons). This can affect both these employees’ personal situations and citizens’ access to services. Second, firing people who can do some work and wish to perform their duties is not the best decision morally because it will create effects their children as well (Bravest for Choice). Third, mandates cause additional difficulties for companies since they will have to spend time and money to replace these workers fast enough and without stopping to deliver services (Fitzsimmons). The counterargument for this point is that companies do not want firings; it is the workers who decide to quit (Fitzsimmons). However, employees who want to be free to make choices would disagree with it. Argument 2, Supporting Points, and Counterargument When vaccination is mandatory, workers have to report private information related to their personal life and health issues. To start with, vaccination records are treated as confidential information, but employees have to make it open for companies to avoid being fired (American Academy of Family Physicians). Continue, some workers can be unsure that vaccination will benefit them or have specific private reasons to refuse vaccination, for instance, diseases or religious beliefs. Finally, employees with good reasons to stay unvaccinated, for example, allergies, have to prove it, but this is not the type of information employers should be supposed to know (American Academy of Family Physicians). The counterargument for this position is that reporting this information is not obligatory, and employees can just quit if they want to keep it private. This attitude could reduce the problem of privacy, but it strengthens the issue of firings. Argument 3, Supporting Points, and Counterargument Natural immunity offers protection against the said infection, and it needs to be considered to weaken vaccine mandates. To start with, medical experts agree that natural immunity protects the body against severe COVID-19 (Magarakis and Kelen). However, workers who have been infected are still recommended to get vaccines (Magarakis and Kelen). Moreover, to get immunity from vaccines, one usually needs more than one dose, and natural immunity develops faster than that (Magarakis and Kelen). Finally, based on this, people who have had the infection should be allowed to keep working without overwhelming their immune system due to vaccination. One counterargument is that natural immunity might weaken faster than after vaccination (Magarakis and Kelen). Despite this, the power of essential immunity is not called into question. Conclusion Finally, mandatory vaccination for workers is negative because it causes mass firings against people’s will, ignores essential immunity, and makes workers report their private information. It goes without saying that vaccines are important, but workers should be able to make informed decisions because it is their health. U.S. society would require a lot of work to create a solution that could protect the nation without creating inequalities. Works Cited American Academy of Family Physicians. “ COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates and Exemptions ”. 2021. Web. Bravest for Choice. “Let Them Work.” BravestforChoice. Web. Fitzsimmons, Emma G. “ Nearly 3,000 N.Y.C. Workers Have a Day to Get Vaccinated or Be Fired ”. The New York Times . 2022. Web. Maragakis, Lisa, and Gabor David Kelen. “ COVID Natural Immunity: What You Need to Know ”. John Hopkins Medicine . 2021. Web.

ESSAY: Aristotle’s View on the Concept of Logic Essay Aristotle made a discovery fundamental to all logic by introducing variables. Thus, it was shown that logic is not just a specific doctrine of specific things or terms, but the science of the laws of syllogisms, such as modus ponens or modus tollens, expressed in variables. Studying various judgments, formal logic abstracts from their specific content, revealing a structure common to objects of different content. Syllogism is the discovery of Aristotle and is the main and most original part of his logic. In the theory of syllogisms, Aristotle defined syllogism and distinguished its types, defined working and non-working types of syllogisms, and established three figures of syllogism. I find it particularly interesting that Aristotle was the first to make reasoning methods the subject of scientific research. He introduced the methods of reasoning as integral formations and not just certain reasoning components. Everything that was done in logic before Aristotle just attempted to understand individual methods and principles without any systematization and unification into a single coherent system. Thus, such concepts as Modus ponens and Modus tollens laid the foundation for understanding the definition of the truth of thinking. Thus, I am amazed at how accurately Aristotle introduced the concepts of conclusions that approach science by the rules of inference, the laws of contradiction, and the exclusion of the third. Modern logic as an independent field of knowledge arose from such different sciences as philosophy and mathematics. Being indeed a highly advanced concept, modern logic, however, lacks some characteristic philosophical features – it is more straightforward and technical. Modern logic is often called mathematical logic, thereby emphasizing the originality of its new methods compared to those used previously. In this sense, it is of less interest for discussion because it relies on exact sciences and computer technologists and avoids ambiguity. Thus, modern logic is built on artificial language and intelligence, which in itself is rather boring compared to traditional concepts.

ESSAY: Artesunate as an Antimalarial Drug Essay Drug Class Artemisinin class drugs. Description Artesunate is an antimalarial drug for injection, artemisinin derivative, and is used to treat malaria in patients of various ages. The effective action of Artesunate is supported by its advantage of a hydrophilic group (Khanal, 2021). Artesunate is a first-line treatment followed by an entire course of malaria treatment. Mechanism of Action Artesunate metabolized into dihydroartemisinin (DHA), which contains the endoperoxide bridge responsible for combating Plasmodium falciparum, a parasite that causes malaria. DHA reacts with heme resulting in free radicals, which inhibit proteins and nucleic acid synthesis. Drug Administration and Dosage Artesunate is supplied as a white powder for further dilution with sterile diluent and production of a colorless solution. Recommended doses of Artesunate are 2.4 mg per kg of body weight for adults and children are heavier than 20 kilograms, and 3 mg per kg for children less than 20 kilograms (Kitabi et al., 2021). The drug is administered intravenously at 0, 12, 24 hours, and after that – daily. Drug Interactions The drugs ritonavir, nevirapine, or UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) inducers may reduce the antimalarial effects of Artesunate (FDA, 2020). UGT Inhibitors can enhance the side effects of Artesunate drug action. These aspects need to be monitored with the simultaneous use of Artesunate injections and mentioned drugs. Potential Side Effects/Adverse Effects/Toxicities According to FDA (2020), clinical trials of Artesunate drug have identified potential side effects and adverse reactions: * hemoglobinuria; * acute renal failure requiring dialysis; * jaundice; * anemia; * thrombocytopenia; * lymphopenia; * neutropenia; * pneumonia; * diarrhea; * elevated creatinine; * pulmonary edema; * pyrexia; * abdominal pain; * vomiting; * dizziness; * headache; * cough. Lab Effects/Interference Clinical studies tested the efficacy and safety of the Artesunate drug. Two studies found that compared to another broadly used antimalaria drug – quinine, Artesunate reduces mortality rate and the risk of hypoglycemia (Khanal, 2021). Another study expanded the understanding of drug action by proving less risk for patients to have coma and convulsions. A clinical trial comparing Artesunate with artemether also showed less mortality rate and faster recovery with Artesunate. Special Considerations In the case of a sensitive reaction to a drug, such as dyspnea or rash, it is necessary to consider the possibility of treatment with another drug. After Artesunate treatment, patient follow-up monitoring is needed to identify possible hemolytic anemia. Clinical trials have not identified threats to the mother and fetus during pregnancy, as opposed to the severe risks of delayed malaria treatment. Nursing management The healthcare practitioners first assess the needs or possible treatment of severe malaria by Artesunate drug. The preparation of the solution from the powder must be carried out using the diluent supplied. The nurse should take 11 ml of diluent with a needle to add to the powder and swirl until all the powder is completely dissolved. The drug is recommended to be administered as a slow bolus during 1-2 minutes. It is recommended to store the medication at room temperature, not freeze, not heat, and avoid light ingress. Health care providers must not use the medicine after the expiration date. Patient Assessment Artesunate is for malaria patients only after a confirmed diagnosis. The patient assessment goes through a physical examination and evaluation of symptoms, as well as a laboratory test. A specialist may prescribe a microscopic blood test to detect parasites or an antigen test. Additional tests may be needed to detect side effects and take measures to mitigate them. Patient Education Patients with malaria who are prescribed Artesunate should be aware of its mode of administration and duration of treatment. Patients should discuss with the medical provider such considerations as the presence or absence of allergies, kidney disease, pregnancy, and the current use of any drugs. Patient education should also include knowledge of potential side effects and reactions and cases that need to be reported. If there is an allergic reaction, it is worth considering alternative treatments and stopping the Artesunate use. References Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2020). Highlights of prescribing information. Artesunate for injection, for intravenous use. Initial U.S. Approval: 2020 . U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Web. Khanal P. (2021). Antimalarial and anticancer properties of artesunate and other artemisinins: current development. Monatshefte fur Chemie, 152 (4), 387–400. Web. Kitabi, E., Bensman, T. J., Earp, J. C., Chilukuri, D. M., Smith, H., Ball, L., O’Shaughnessy, E., Yasinskaya, Y., Colangelo, P. M., & Reynolds, K. S. (2021). Effect of body weight and age on the pharmacokinetics of Dihydroartemisinin: Food and drug administration basis for dose determination of artesunate for injection in pediatric patients with severe malaria. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 73 (5), 903–906. Web.

ESSAY: Article I of Florida Constitutional Rights Essay For the political and legal system to operate properly, all their elements should align. Although U.S. states have large autonomy and have their own constitutions, they should not contradict the federal U.S. Constitution, including the first ten amendments to it – the Bill of Rights. The former outlines responsibilities and rights of different branches of power and the latter contains a list of basic human rights. If the state constitution contradicts the federal one, it might signal a lack of unity and democracy within the country. The paper aims to analyze Article I of the Florida Constitution in terms of its correspondence to the U.S. Constitution and, specifically, the Bill of Rights. Each article of the Constitution of the State of Florida covers different legal aspects. Article I contains the declaration of rights guaranteed to all the state’s citizens and is presented in 27 sections (The Florida Senate). The present analysis will focus on the three of them: religious freedom, rights of accused and of victims, right of privacy. Each of them is presented in separate sections of Article I. Religious freedom is one of the basic rights that ensures democracy. It is enshrined in Article I’s Section 3 of the Florida Constitution, which states that no law will make people follow any religion or prohibit or penalize its free exercise (The Florida Senate). It corresponds to Amendment I of the Bill of Rights (U.S. Senate). Moreover, the Florida Constitution highlights that “religious freedom shall not justify practices inconsistent with public morals, peace or safety” (The Florida Senate). Thus, in terms of religious freedom, the Florida Constitution aligns with the Bill of Rights and has an important additional note. The rights of the accused and of crime victims describe the rights of those involved in criminal prosecutions. They are enumerated in Article I’s Section 16 (The Florida Senate). Firstly, the section states that the accused must “be informed of the nature of the accusation,” have the right to present witnesses, confront adverse witnesses, and have a speedy, public, and impartial trial (The Florida Senate). It corresponds to Amendment VI to the U.S. Constitution, where the same rights are enumerated (U.S. Senate). Section 16 has been recently amended to emphasize and ensure the victim’s rights (Cassell & Garvin, 2020). Now, it guarantees the protection of crime victims’ rights and interests, which includes safety, privacy, respect for their dignity, protection from the accused, and all forms of abuse (The Florida Senate). Surprisingly, the U.S. Constitution does not explicitly cover this aspect. Another important right, vital for maintaining democracy, is the right of privacy. It is enshrined in Section 23 of the Florida Constitution (The Florida Senate). It ensures that all citizens have “the right to be let alone and free from governmental intrusion into the person’s private life except as otherwise provided herein” (The Florida Senate). This right was included in the Florida Constitution via the Privacy Amendment approved in 1980 (Skinner, 2020). This right was used for support in promoting the Death with Dignity Act in favor of physician-assisted suicide (Skinner, 2020). U.S. Constitution does not have the corresponding section, and other states may have different laws in this regard. In conclusion, the Constitution of the State of Florida generally aligns with the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights, which shows that the state shares the same basic democratic values as all Americans. They include religious freedom and the rights of the accused during a criminal prosecution. However, as with other state constitutions, it presents an extended set of rights and guidelines specifically for its citizens. For instance, it offers a detailed list of crime victims’ rights and explicitly formulated right of privacy, absent in the U.S. Constitution. References Cassell, P.G., & Garvin, M. (2020). Protecting crime victims in state constitutions: The example of the new Marcy’s Law for Florida. The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 110 (2), 99-138. The Florida Senate. (n.d.). Constitution of the State of Florida . Skinner, C. (2020). Doctrine of dignity: Making a case for the right to die with dignity in Florida post-Obergefell. Florida A&M University Law Review, 14 (2), 241-256. U.S. Senate. (n.d.). Constitution of the United States .

ESSAY: Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Life Essay In Liu and Asimov’s short stories, the authors define human beings and how artificial intelligence differs from the human mind. The author of The Algorithms for Love , Liu Ken, writes that humans are too young and too immature to understand the global laws of the universe. However, it seems to many that human self-sufficiency and autonomy in desires and actions is prohibitive. Asimov’s Liar is unique in that it is one of the author’s first attempts to reflect from different angles on the modern world’s clash of high technology and morality. Liu and Asimov approach the problem of artificial intelligence differently, but they agree that there is a strong similarity between the thinking of robots and humans. Liu Ken wonders where the boundary is between artificial and natural intelligence. He is interested whether the robot’s self-learning program can be considered a person (Ken 5). After all, in essence, the decisions it makes are based on experience and knowledge – humans reason the same way. The author goes on to ask his readers whether humans can be considered robots with artificial intelligence, in case one considers that there is no essential difference between the latter and people (Ken 5). Thus, Liu Ken brings readers to his final question of who programmed humans in this case. Ken’s story is about a young woman named Elena, a programmer and designer for a company that creates unusual toys – robot androids. Improving from model to model, she finally manages to create a robot that can easily cope with the Turing test, able to communicate like a real person. However, she is the only one who understands that this apparent intelligence is only the result of talented and competent programming. Analyzing the results of her work, Elena comes to a frightening question. She begins to worry that there is a possibility that people are not intelligent either and only work out the algorithms embedded in their internal program from day to day. In this story, Ken Liu once again managed to combine serious science fiction with subtle psychology and the dramatic fate of the main character in a small story. This literary work makes its readers embrace the idea of the identity of the artificial and human intelligence. Among the works of Isaac Asimov, one of the most significant and unique can be considered a collection of short stories I, Robot . This work most fully expresses the social and philosophical views of the writer in the early stage of his work (Baysal 172). The sixth story in the collection, Liar, makes it clear that human psychology, philosophy, and social laws interest Asimov more than the technical side of the literary work. Some of Asimov’s thoughts in this story are conveyed through the statements of the robot RB-34. Herbie says that science is of little interest for him in one of his monologues (Asimov 65). This hero is much more concerned with fiction and the intertwining and interplay of human motivations and feelings. The monologue under analysis reflects Asimov’s penchant for social and philosophical issues and his belief in art and commitment to the ideas of humanism. The authors are united by the themes of the stories and the issues they raise, although the writers’ attention span is slightly different. Asimov pushes readers to the idea that the ideal robot is a human being. At the same time, Liu cautions about the consequences of recognizing the equality between how humans think and how robots do. Nevertheless, both authors try to define what is human and what are the fundamental advantages and disadvantages of being people. Works Cited Asimov, Iisac. I, Robot. Gnome Press, 1950. Baysal, Kubra. “Technophobia and Robot Agency in Asimov’s I, Robot.” Special issue of IBAD Journal of Social Sciences , 2020, pp. 171-179. Web. Liu, Ken. The Algorithms for Love . Strange Horizons, 2004.

ESSAY: Artificial Intelligence and Building Information Modeling Software Tools Research Paper My discipline is Networking and I have chosen two articles related to the modern technology. The first article is written by Benzaid and Taleb (2020) published in IEEE Network, and it examines how artificial intelligence influence 5G network. The second article is by Zhang et al. (2021) and it analyzes the interoperability of BIM software tools and addresses the problems in the process of data exchange. It was published in Computer Applications in Engineering Education journal. In addition to researchers, the audience of the first article is data security agents as it provides some insights on how the use of artificial intelligence to 5G can be venerable to external attacks. The second article’s audience is educators in engineering education as it discusses about the method of teaching engineering. This paper examines articles of Benzaid and Taleb (2020) and Zhang et al. (2021). To begin with, there is a need to understand the content of each article. Both articles are scientific and made by the use of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Benzaid and Taleb (2020) warn the audience that to fully reap the benefits of 5G, it is critical to develop robust and long-lasting security mechanisms that can deal with the ever-changing threat landscape. They suggest that traditional security measures are not enough. This is because of given the growing number of vulnerabilities, the sophistication of cyber threats, the high volume of traffic, and the diverse technologies (e.g., SDN, NFV) and services that will shape next-generation wireless networks. According to Benzaid and Taleb (2020), a new security measure that needs to be considers is the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI). They describe AI as a method that would enable intelligent, adaptive, and autonomous security management, allowing for prompt and cost-effective detection and mitigation of security threats. Their description provides an impression that AI is a promising direction. Moreover, Benzaid and Taleb (2020) illustrate AI’s positive aides, such as its ability to identify hidden patterns in a vast set of time-varying multi-dimensional data that allow faster and more accurate decision-making. With regards to the second article of Zhang et al. (2021), it reports a case study of the development of the new capstone project for engineering major students. It is based on team-based learning (TBL) combined with the 360-degree evaluation feedback method to increase students’ BIM competency. Data is collected and analyzed using a mix of qualitative and quantitative methodologies in order to assess students’ learning outcomes and BIM competency. The findings show that TBL, when combined with 360-degree feedback in the capstone project, can significantly improve graduates’ BIM expertise. This research examines the interoperability of BIM software platforms, data sharing issues, and recommendations for improving the course and BIM team collaboration. Compared to the first article, the second one is based on a study and has significant evidence to support their claim. The article of Benzaid and Taleb (2020) appeals to the audience by considering all potential security scenarios and analyzing specific aspects of AI and 5G network. The study of Zhang et al. (2021) discovered how students’ professional capabilities may be increased through a capstone project, and educators can use the BIM course to build engineers that closely match industry needs. The paper makes a case for using the capstone project to help engineering students improve and cultivate their BIM proficiency in MEP systems. This research established a new paradigm for using TBL and 360-degree feedback in engineering education. In terms of the support for each article’s claims, Zhang et al. (2021) is more reliable as it has a specific case. In terms of the format of both articles, they are both heavily theoretical, meaning that there are numerous citations and the use of previous literature. Benzaid and Taleb (2020) provide images of how AI and 5G work, interpreting their explanation. It was done to make easier understanding for the audience. For example, they illustrate mapping of the adversarial ML attacks to the ML5G high-level architecture. Meanwhile, Zhang et al. (2021) provide descriptive statistics and t test results as a table while making a comprehensive analysis of the data. As such, it can be assumed that both articles rely on logos rather than pathos as they are written scientifically, meaning that they are based on facts. In both articles, there was also a logical progression of ideas and claims that were supported by a great variety of numerical facts and evidence. The importance of AI in encouraging security in 5G and beyond networks was highlighted in Benzaid and Taleb (2020) article. Meanwhile, it emphasized the security concerns that may accompany the anticipated AI benefits if unscrupulous actors take use of their potential or flaws. We advised many defense measures while advising on which components of the ML5G unified architecture they may be implemented in order to increase resilience to AI attacks. Despite their merits, each of the recommended countermeasures has its own set of limitations, and none of them can be considered an all-in-one solution for dealing with all AI dangers. As a result, one possible research avenue is to investigate how those countermeasures could be combined to satisfy both security and performance goals. Zhang et al. (2021) are trying to convince their audience that applying TBL and 360-degree evaluation feedback is suitable for engineering education. If Industry 4.0 is to be effectively embraced across the construction industry, enhanced BIM competencies for the AECO sector are critical; engineering educational programs play a significant role in achieving this important goal. The unique combination of TBL and 360-degree evaluation feedback as part of the engineering capstone project plays a vital role in developing, evaluating, and acquiring educational capacity in undergraduate engineering majors, according to this empirical research study. The relationship between 360-degree assessment feedback and TBL integration to enable BIM competences in MEP systems for engineering students is the subject of this study, which is the first of its kind. The findings of the case study analysis show that BIM competencies are developed through all-around evaluation feedback and practice. The findings also show that collaborative ability has a significant impact, particularly in the cycle of evaluation, feedback, and improvement through reflection, which is critical for students’ BIM competency development. The contents of both articles provide a comprehensive approach on their topics. The goal of articles is to inform the audience about their findings. The articles also want to convince the audience in importance of their work. The organization of articles is similar to each other, yet Benzaid and Taleb (2020) article has many sub-topics that help readers to understand the text properly. For example, there are various sb-topics related to 5G network management and risk assessment. The paragraphs of both articles are long and contain factual data along with their analysis. Each paper provides in depth literature review that states about the state of scholarship for the current time and some insights on aspects that were addressed in the literature. These previous scholarly works were cited by the use of Harvard citation style. From a reader’s perspective, the chosen citation style was suitable and convenient to check the sources. The used methodology in both papers differs as they examine substantially different topics. Zhang et al. (2020) research study’s framework is separated into five sections. The study started with a look at BIM education and capstone projects in MEP systems, as well as TBL and 360-degree evaluation feedback in education. Second, in the BIM capstone, the TBL educational approach was devised, which was integrated with 360-degree evaluation feedback. This BIM capstone project approach (i.e., TBL paired with BIM 360-degree evaluation feedback) seeks to assist students and teachers through MEP systems teaching and practice, and its teaching content can be tailored to various engineering specialties’ needs. Third, TBL was paired with 360-degree evaluation feedback in the BIM capstone, followed by the use of 360-degree evaluation feedback to evaluate students’ learning outcomes and BIM competency, using a university in China as an example. Finally, the students’ teamwork, professional qualities, and BIM expertise were discussed, as well as the benefits of the BIM capstone project and suggestions for improvement. The experimental research method was used in this work, and a case study method was used to describe the BIM capstone project in detail. The goal is to use the new capstone project in conjunction with TBL and 360-degree evaluation feedback as an intervention measure to see how it affects BIM capability. It was not possible to construct a control group due to the small number of students in this major, the same learning resources and environment for all participants, and the need to complete the requirements of the graduation audit and graduate easily. As a result, we used a series of experimental designs for comparative testing to determine the impact of the new capstone program’s implementation. The comparison of the experimental design’s learning effect aids in the exploration of the potential usefulness of new teaching techniques and curriculum innovation, which is appropriate for this study’s experimental setting. A semi-structured interview, evaluation criteria for capstone results, capstone scores and comparative test scores, and a review of the capstone process logbook are all part of the data gathering process for this study. With regards to Benzaid and Taleb (2020) study, unlike Zhang et al. (2021), they provide potential actions of attackers to 5G network through the use of AI. Following that, they also demonstrate several defense mechanisms of how AI can be sued to prevent or even stop the attackers’ mechanisms. For example, defensive distillation is a training approach that employs the knowledge learned from a machine learning model to improve the model’s resilience to hostile cases. Both adversarial training and defensive distillation conduct implicit gradient masking, which consists of making the model’s gradient worthless by altering its direction or setting it to zero. Indeed, the lack of an actual gradient makes the development of adversarial cases more difficult, allowing the model to be more robust. This does not rule out the possibility that the model would be sensitive to adversarial samples created via transferability-based black-box attacks. Furthermore, the increased robustness provided by adversarial training and defensive distillation comes at the expense of reduced accuracy on clean data. To create a robust model, ensemble methods mix multiple models. Ensemble approaches improve the model’s robustness while also raising its accuracy on clean samples. The advantage of ensemble approaches, however, comes at the cost of greater model complexity and processing cost. Defense Before feeding them into the ML model, GANs try to denoise input samples from adversarial perturbations by projecting them on to the range of the GAN’s generator. In other words, they want to select the sample that comes closest to the adversarial example that the GAN’s generator can generate and feed it into the ML model. Benzaid and Taleb (2020) also present some types of attack that can be mitigated by above-mentioned methods. This allows readers to fully understand the aspects of AI and 5G related problems. For example, the inference stage is the target of an evasive attack. These attacks, unlike poisoning attacks, have no effect on the training process. By adding minor perturbations to the input instances, the attacker attempts to escape the learnt model at test time. Adversarial examples are a type of perturbation. To sum up, the papers of Benzaid and Taleb (2020) and Zhang et al. (2021) rely on logos when addressing their topics. The goal of each article was to inform and convince their audience regarding the importance of their findings. Both papers are heavily theoretical and follow a logical progression of ideas and claims that are supported by factual evidence and statistics. They also include potential outcomes and conditions that allow readers to fully engage with the content of articles. References Benzaïd, C., & Taleb, T. (2020). AI for beyond 5G networks: a cyber-security defense or offense enabler?. IEEE Network, 34 (6), 140-147. Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Philbin, S. P., Huijser, H., Wang, Q., & Jin, R. (2021). Toward next‐generation engineering education: A case study of an engineering capstone project based on BIM technology in MEP systems. Computer Applications in Engineering Education.

ESSAY: Artificial Intelligence in Business Management Research Paper Using innovative technologies, ADNOC is planning to apply its electronic developments in all spheres of activity and production as early as next year. An equally noteworthy example of the diversity and multifunctionality of the use of artificial intelligence is the predictive ability of computer programs. The company is developing a computer capable of processing an impressive amount of large data and suggesting strategies for the company’s actions depending on the forecast. The developers of software for ADNOC strive to build a machine that would work according to a certain theory but would be able to offer the possibility of effective data reading. That is why, within the framework of the company, a powerful program was developed not only for material processing but also for its visualization. By using more accessible visual media to convey complex information, the development makes the future and present of the company more clearly visible and intelligible. The use of computer technologies in the development of a large company is noticeable at all levels of its existence. ADNOC uses computer simulations to improve the operation of the network chain and visualize data for a clearer picture of the company’s position. All these developments are implemented in each of the branches of the company’s operation, increasing the speed of performance and the effectiveness of actions that are more beneficial. Their project to computerize and update all sorts of areas of the company’s activities should be fully implemented in 2022 (ADNOC, 2020). This underlines the firm’s commitment to anticipating and adapting to the future. The company strives to develop a forecasting model that would include the largest possible amount of statistical data. The results of big data processing show that ADNOC has significantly accelerated the speed and the number of financial transactions through its software. Based on the logic of increasing the turnover of money, one can conclude that this software improves the financial performance of the company. In addition, it should be noted that as part of the accelerated exchange of money, an innovative blockchain technology is used, which provides a permanent digital transfer of currency. The program’s ability to make smart business decisions is already reflected in its $ 1 billion worth of stocks (Arabian Business, 2020). The varied opportunities for financial enrichment brought by this program are potentially enormous. Reference ADNOC completes the first phase of the artificial Intelligence predictive maintenance project. (2020). ADNOC. Adnoc’s AI, big data-powered Panorama center generates $1bn in 3 years . (2020). Arabian Business.

ESSAY: Artificial Intelligence in Marketing Essay Artificial intelligence in marketing is a method of using customer data and AI concepts, including machine learning, to predict the next step of the consumer and meet his needs, even those that the consumer has not yet formulated. The evolution of Big data and advanced analytical solutions have enabled marketers to create a clearer picture of their target audience than ever before. It is advisable to consider in more detail the tools of artificial intelligence used by large companies for a deep understanding of consumers. Marketers are trying to understand the vast repository of data understand the root cause and likelihood of repeating certain actions, so machine learning platforms are needed to help identify trends or common events and anticipate key ideas and reactions (Ma & Sun, 2020). Machine learning can be used not only to reveal previously hidden ideas but also to teach and implement open ideas in new PR campaigns, optimizing consumer reach, focusing only on relevant users. Big data is a concept of the ability of marketers to aggregate and segment large amounts of data with minimal manual consumption. In the digital economy, there are thousands of data points attached to the target audience that can be accurately analyzed by bots to understand which message someone will like (Wirth, 2018). Marketers can then use this data to deliver the right message to the right person at the right time on the chosen channel. Numerous elements and factors are now influencing the current reality of companies in the market. They’re complicated, highly connected, and can be tough to quantify. One of the issues that managers confront is predicting the precise direction of the business or product in a small amount of time utilizing a complicated system of data sources. Many learning algorithms are meant to identify trends from a large number of inputs and assist marketers in forecasting the desired future. Suggestions are a great illustration of how AI may be used in marketing (Wirth, 2018). E-commerce sites, blogs, social networks, and media sites use artificial intelligence to analyze consumers’ online activities and recommend products and content for better conversion, as well as to spend more time on their sites. Tracking content with AI will help you better connect with visitors to specific sites and show them more relevant content. Coca-Cola is an example of a company that uses AI for business analysis. With 500 brands and a customer base in 200 countries, the company operates a huge amount of data. Experts use AI and big data technology to develop new products (Leadbeater, 2021). Cherry Sprite, for example, was launched based on data from vending machines in which customers mixed drinks to their liking. The more information is invested in the training of the chatbot, the better it performs its duties. Experts advise launching chatbots at certain points in the sales funnel. This will help you sell more and improve your conversion rates. For example, Google Play uses AI to help customers find the app they want and share their music (Wiggers, 2019). AI offers music based on past searches, time of day, and genres that people have listened to before. Hence, due to AI, marketers have the opportunity to interact with consumers at every stage of the buying and selling process, based on personalized information about the geography, demographic status, needs, preferences of consumers. AI will be able to better determine what kind of material is most appealing to clients based on their demands, allowing you to track official websites for each individual user. This will enhance sales in the digital environment by giving them precisely what they want. Question Do you believe AI will be able to fully replace marketers from the sphere of online marketing? Why? References Leadbeater, S. (2021). Coca-Cola’s use of AI to stay at the top of the drinks market . Telefonica Tech. Ma, L., & Sun, B. (2020). Machine learning and AI in marketing – Connecting computing power to human insights. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 37 (3), 481–504. Wiggers, K. (2019). Google details DeepMind AI’s role in Play Store app recommendations . Venture Beat. Wirth, N. (2018). Hello marketing, what can artificial intelligence help you with? International Journal of Market Research, 60 (5), 435–438.

ESSAY: Artificial Intelligence: Spell and Graphcore Partnership Essay Table of Contents 1. Summary of the Article 2. Discussion of the Business Implications 3. Personal Opinion 4. Work Cited Summary of the Article The article “Spell, Graphcore Partner to Build Next-Gen AI Infrastructure” by Chris J. Preimesberger tells about announcing a partnership between two companies that work with artificial intelligence (AI). The author highlights the purpose of this collaboration: to create “the next generation of AI infrastructure” (Preimesberger). It implies that these companies will integrate each other’s technologies to “make advanced AI development faster, easier, and less expensive” (Preimesberger). The article emphasizes that new demands arise among different companies with AI improvement and machine learning (ML) deployment. To conclude and straighten the importance of such a solution, Preimesberger refers to analysis from Gartner’s research that predicts that the Spell and Graphcore partnership will result in value capture from AI. Discussion of the Business Implications The development of AI and ML gradually affects business and probably will have a substantial influence in the future. The possibilities of AI lead to reducing costs, automation, reduction in the number of required workers, quality development, and avoiding human errors. Large enterprises such as Google, Amazon, and Microsoft use AI. Still, in this particular case, Spell and Graphcore aim to allow smaller companies to take advantage of AI and ML products. They plan to develop this field and offer a free trial for their advanced integrated technologies. Nowadays, technologies are improving rapidly; informational technologies are already used in every business field. AI and ML appear as the next step in advanced technologies that will infiltrate every field of activity with the purpose of facilitation and improvement. Personal Opinion I consider that such solutions are moving progress in the right direction. Advancing AI and ML technologies allow new opportunities that can be used in different branches of life and business. It matters because the deployment of AI may lead to overall improvement and replace the human workforce in performing physically challenging or complicated tasks, which will result in lower costs and process automation. Work Cited Preinesberger, Chris J. “ Spell, Graphcore Partner to Build Next-Gen AI Infrastructure ”. Venture Beat . 2022. Web.

ESSAY: Aspects of Adversarial Criminal System Essay The adversarial criminal justice system is one where the law is applied equally to all segments of the society. It is a system that presumes that one is innocent that shifts the burden of proof to the prosecution to prove beyond any shadow of a doubt. The advantage lies on the side of the defendant if there is any doubt. The accused is granted the right to silence and cannot be forced to respond to accusation levelled against them. This system poses some ethical problems because most of its procedural safeguards are always in favour of the accused. The favours that are granted to the accused include the right of appeal, the right to remain silent, the right to have an attorney, and the right to be free from unauthorized searches and arrests. The rights granted to the defendant are always a disadvantage to the prosecution which has to prove its case against the accused. This position is biased against the prosecution and makes its work even more difficult. The system encourages a scenario where both entities to a case contest with each other to win a case. This scenario makes it easier vulnerable to acts of deception and legal tactics that are questionable instead of using facts to settle cases. It is a potential ethical problem that can be solved by allowing both parties to present facts before any judgment is made to avoid injustices. If a black man is found committing a similar offence like a white woman, he is five times more likely to be arrested. It is a tendency that has been brought about by racism in the American judicial system and racial inequality in policing. Moreover, the black man is more likely to be convicted than a white woman who has committed a similar crime. According to a report by the United States Sentencing Commission, a black man who is found the same crime as the white man have a potential of receiving nearly 20% longer prison term (Ingraham, 2017). These disparities are due to cases of racism and bias found within the American criminal justice system. Reference Ingraham, C. (2017). Black men sentenced to more time for committing the exact same crime as a white person, study finds. Washington Post . Black men sentenced to more time for committing the exact same crime as a white person, study finds – The Washington Post