Chinyemba/medical-QA huggingface dataset:
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastroenteritis in adults

: Prognosis

Overall, the outlook is excellent. Almost all adults with mild gastroenteritis recover completely without complications.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastroenteritis in adults

: Additional info

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

https://www.niaid.nih.gov/
 
National Center for Infectious Diseases

https://www.cdc.gov
 
American College of Gastroenterology (ACG)

https://www.gi.org/
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastroenteritis In Children

: What Is It?

Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines that causes diarrhea, vomiting, nausea and other symptoms of digestive upset. In the industrialized world, the most common causes of gastroenteritis in children are viruses, bacteria (food poisoning), and intestinal parasites.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

: What is it?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is commonly called heartburn. This digestive disorder most often causes a burning and sometimes squeezing sensation in the mid-chest. In GERD, acid and digestive enzymes from the stomach flow backward into the esophagus, the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach. This backward flow of stomach juices is called "reflux." These caustic stomach juices inflame the lining of the esophagus. If GERD is not treated, it can permanently damage the esophagus. A muscular ring seals the esophagus from the stomach. This ring is called the esophageal sphincter. Normally, the sphincter opens when you swallow, allowing food into your stomach. The rest of the time, it squeezes tight to prevent food and acid in the stomach from backing up into the esophagus. In most people with GERD, however, the esophageal sphincter does not seal tightly. It remains relaxed between swallows. This allows digestive juices to enter the esophagus and irritate the esophageal lining. Many things can weaken or loosen the lower esophageal sphincter. These include
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

: Symptoms

Symptoms of GERD may include
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

: Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask you:
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

: Expected duration

Without treatment, GERD is typically a long-term problem. Symptoms may be relieved within days of treatment. But for many patients, several weeks of treatment are needed before symptoms lessen or resolve. Treatment often has to continue for a long period. Even with daily medication, many people with reflux continue to have symptoms.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

: Prevention

There are a lot of things you can do to prevent the symptoms of GERD. Some simple lifestyle changes include:
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

: Treatment

Treatment for most people with GERD includes lifestyle changes as described above and medication. If symptoms persist, surgery or endoscopy treatments are other options.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

: Prognosis

Most patients improve after treatment with medication. But it can take weeks of treatment before symptoms begin to improve.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

: Additional info

National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse

https://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/
 
American College of Gastroenterology (ACG)

https://www.gi.org/
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastrointestinal amebiasis

: What is it?

Gastrointestinal amebiasis is an infection of the large intestine caused by microscopic one-celled parasites commonly known as amoebas (Entamoeba histolytica). Because these parasites live in the large intestine, they travel in the feces of infected people, and can contaminate water supplies in places where sanitation is poor. The parasite can contaminate fruits and vegetables grown in areas where human feces are used as fertilizer. They can be transferred on the dirty hands of infected people who don't wash their hands often or correctly. Once amoebas enter the mouth, they travel through the digestive system and settle in the large intestine. Harmless strains of the parasite (Entamoeba dispar) live there without causing damage. E. histolytica can live in the intestine without causing symptoms, but it also can cause severe disease. These amoebas may invade the wall of the intestine, leasing to amoebic dysentery, an illness that causes intestinal ulcers, bleeding, increased mucus production, and diarrhea. These amoebas also may pass into the bloodstream and travel to the liver or, infrequently, to the brain, where they form pockets of infection (abscesses). About 10% of the world's population is infected with amoebas, particularly people who live in Mexico, India, Central America, South America, Africa, and the tropical areas of Asia. In industrialized countries, amebiasis is most common in recent immigrants and travelers who visit countries where amoebas are prevalent.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastrointestinal amebiasis

: Symptoms

In more than 90% of cases, the infecting strain of amoeba does not cause any symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they usually begin within months after amoebas first enter the body. In some people, the symptoms are mild, consisting of mild pain and gurgling sounds in the lower abdomen, along with two or three loose stools daily. In other people, however, there can be full-blown symptoms of amoebic dysentery, including high fever, severe abdominal pain, and 10 or more episodes of diarrhea daily. Typically, this diarrhea is watery or contains blood and mucus. When amoebas spread to the liver and cause liver abscess, symptoms can include fever, nausea, vomiting, pain in the upper right portion of the abdomen, weight loss, and an enlarged liver. It is possible for a person to develop symptoms of an amoebic liver abscess without ever having had the diarrhea typical of infection.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastrointestinal amebiasis

: Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your exposure to amoebas, especially about any recent trips to areas where amoebas are common. Your doctor will look for specific symptoms of amoebic infection, especially frequent diarrhea or loose stools and the presence of blood and mucus in your bowel movements. Because other conditions can cause bloody diarrhea, and because there are other types of infectious diarrhea, information about bowel disease in your family and details of your travels are particularly important. Several different types of tests are available to diagnose the strain of amoeba and what parts of the body are likely infected. In the past, doctors most often ordered a series of three stool samples to be checked in the laboratory for the presence of the parasite. Today, doctors more often order either an antigen test or a molecular method called PCR on a stool sample to help make a more specific diagnosis of E. histolytica, the strain that most often requires treatment. Your doctor may also order a blood test in special situations. If the diagnosis is not clear after stool and blood tests, proctosigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy may be needed to allow your doctor to examine the intestinal wall directly and to take tissue samples for laboratory examination. In these tests, a doctor inserts a thin, lighted instrument into the rectum and colon to view them directly. When symptoms of fever and abdominal pain, especially on the right upper side, suggest a possible liver abscess, you may need an ultrasound or CT scan of the liver. Because people who have a liver abscess may no longer have parasites in the intestines, stool tests may be less helpful. In these situations, doctors confirm the diagnosis with a blood test or a needle aspiration or biopsy. In a needle aspiration or biopsy, a small piece of tissue from the abscess is removed and examined in a laboratory.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastrointestinal amebiasis

: Expected duration

Harmless amoebas can live in the intestines for years without causing symptoms. When invasive amoebas cause symptoms of amoebic dysentery, attacks can last from a few days to several weeks. Unless you are treated, you can have another attack.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastrointestinal amebiasis

: Prevention

There is no immunization to protect against gastrointestinal amebiasis. If you travel to areas where amebiasis is common, you can decrease your risk of infection by drinking only canned or bottled drinks or water that has been boiled. Eat only foods that have been cooked thoroughly. Drink only pasteurized milk and dairy products. If you eat raw fruit, eat only those that you have freshly peeled.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastrointestinal amebiasis

: Treatment

Gastrointestinal amebiasis is treated with nitroimidazole drugs, which kill amoebas in the blood, in the wall of the intestine, and in liver abscesses. These drugs include metronidazole (Flagyl) and tinidazole (Tindamax, Fasigyn). Metronidazole usually is given for 10 days, either by mouth or directly into the veins (intravenously). To kill amoebas and cysts confined to the intestine, three drugs called luminal drugs are available: iodoquinol (Diquinol and others), paromomycin (Humatin) and diloxanide furoate (Furamide). One of these drugs is used along with metronidazole when gastrointestinal symptoms are present. In people who pass amoebas in their stools without having symptoms of amebiasis, the luminal drugs alone can clear the amoebas from the bowel.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastrointestinal amebiasis

: When to call a professional

Call your doctor whenever you have continuing diarrhea, especially if it contains blood and mucus. If you have severe abdominal pain, especially in the right upper side, and a fever, visit a doctor the same day. When you have non-bloody diarrhea that is frequent and symptoms of dehydration such as dizziness, call your doctor.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastrointestinal amebiasis

: Prognosis

Drug treatment can cure amebiasis within a few weeks. However, because medication cannot keep you from getting infected again, repeat episodes of amebiasis may occur if you continue to live in or travel to areas where amoebas are found. Among children in developing countries, especially infants and those younger than 5, gastrointestinal amebiasis can be fatal. Worldwide, amebiasis is the third most common cause of death from parasitic infections.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gastrointestinal amebiasis

: Additional info

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

https://www.cdc.gov
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Gaucher Disease

: What Is It?

Gaucher Disease (GD) is an inherited condition that can damage many different parts of the body. Damage occurs when a type of fat — glucocerebroside — builds up in certain organs in the body. Normally, we have an enzyme—glucocerebrosidase — that eliminates this bad fat. People with GD do not make enough of this enzyme. GD typically causes a large liver and spleen, anemia, low platelet count, lung disease, and sometimes brain disease. There are three basic types of GD. Type 1 (GD1) causes nearly all of the symptoms listed above, except for brain disease. GD2 and GD3 cause all the listed symptoms, including effects on the brain. GD2 is the most severe, with symptoms beginning before age 2. In GD3, the symptoms may begin before age 2, but are more mild and slower to worsen. More recently, experts on Gaucher disease have realized that some patients do not exactly fit into these categories. Symptoms of patients with GD2 and GD3 can vary.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Generalized Anxiety Disorder

: What Is It?

In generalized anxiety disorder, a person has frequent or nearly constant, nagging feelings of worry or anxiety. These feelings are either unusually intense or out of proportion to the real troubles and dangers of the person's everyday life.  The disorder is defined as persistent worry for more days than not, for at least several months. In some cases, a person with generalized anxiety disorder feels he or she has always been a worrier, even since childhood or adolescence. In other cases, the anxiety may be triggered by a crisis or a period of stress, such as a job loss, a family illness or the death of a relative. The crisis or stress may have ended, but an unexplained feeling of anxiety may last months or years.  In addition to suffering from constant (or non-stop) worries and anxieties, people with generalized anxiety disorder may have low self-esteem or feel insecure. They may see people's intentions or events in negative terms, or they experience them as intimidating or critical. Physical symptoms may lead them to seek treatment from a primary care doctor, cardiologist, pulmonary specialist or gastroenterologist. Stress can intensify the anxiety.  Some people with this disorder have a genetic (inherited) tendency to develop it. The disorder probably stems from how a variety of brain structures communicate with each other as the individual tries to manage the fear response. Life experience, significant relationships and environmental stresses also influence the development of this disorder.  About 3% to 8% of people in the United States have generalized anxiety disorder. Women have the problem twice as often as men. The average adult patient first seeks professional help between the ages of 20 and 30. However, the illness can occur at any age. Generalized anxiety disorder also has been diagnosed in young children, teenagers and elderly people. The illness is the most common anxiety disorder affecting people age 65 and older.   Of all psychiatric illnesses, generalized anxiety disorder is the least likely to occur alone. Between 50% and 90% of people with the disorder also have at least one other problem, usually panic disorder, a phobia, depression, alcoholism or some other form of substance abuse.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Generalized Anxiety Disorder

: Symptoms

In generalized anxiety disorder, the person has persistent worry or anxiety that lasts for at least several months. (The diagnostic manual in psychiatry sets the minimum to 6 months, but you don't need to use a precise timer to seek help.)  Worry or anxiety is excessive, troubling and hard to control. It often interferes with the ability to function at home, at work or in social situations. 
Feeling restless or keyed up Here are some of the other defining symptoms or behaviors common in the disorder:
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Generalized Anxiety Disorder

: Diagnosis

You may consult a primary care doctor first if you suspect your physical symptoms are part of a medical illness. Your doctor may do tests to check for medical problems. If the results are normal, your doctor may ask about your family history, your history of any mental distress, current anxieties, recent stresses, and daily use of prescription and nonprescription drugs. Some drugs can cause anxiety symptoms. The doctor then may refer you to a psychiatrist for care.  A psychiatrist will diagnose generalized anxiety disorder based on a full psychiatric evaluation that includes:
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Generalized Anxiety Disorder

: Expected Duration

Although the diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder may be made after several months of symptoms, the condition can last years, especially without treatment. Many people experience the symptoms as part of a lifelong pattern.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Generalized Anxiety Disorder

: Prevention

Since stress is a normal part of life, there is usually no way to prevent generalized anxiety disorder in someone who is vulnerable. However, once diagnosed, various treatments can effectively reduce symptoms.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Generalized Anxiety Disorder

: Treatment

If you have generalized anxiety disorder, the most effective treatment is usually a combination of medications and psychotherapy. Research shows that using both has a more lasting positive effect than either one alone. Your doctor may also offer treatment for other conditions that may be making matters worse, such as a medical problem or depression.  You may need to try more than one approach before you find the right one. Many different kinds of medications can relieve anxiety. Here are the most common categories prescribed:  Antidepressants — Despite their name, many of these drugs are very effective for anxiety. They are used very commonly to treat generalized anxiety disorder.   The popular selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft) and escitalopram (Lexapro) are often the first choice. Antidepressants that have a different mechanism of action work too. Examples are mirtazapine (Remeron), venlafaxine (Effexor) and duloxetine (Cymbalta). Older antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants (for example, nortriptyline, imipramine) are also effective, but can have more troublesome side effects.   Since antidepressants often take several weeks to work, your doctor may also prescribe a fast-acting benzodiazepine for relief.  Benzodiazepines — These drugs affect a chemical messenger that works in the brain's fear response system. Examples of benzodiazepines are clonazepam (Klonopin), lorazepam (Ativan), diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax). They can bring quick relief from symptoms of anxiety. Since they act immediately, they may be prescribed during the first weeks of treatment while waiting for an antidepressant medication to take hold.   These drugs are prescribed for a relatively short time because of the concern about dependency. Also the body can become accustomed to the effect. That is, benzodiazepines may provide less relief as time goes on. If you need to stop taking these drugs, do so gradually under a doctor's direction, because withdrawal reactions can occur.   Buspirone (BuSpar) — Buspirone is an antianxiety drug that can be effective for generalized anxiety disorder. However, it is used much less frequently than the drugs listed above. Like antidepressants, it usually takes two to three weeks to begin working.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Generalized Anxiety Disorder

: Psychotherapy

A number of psychotherapy techniques may be helpful. Here are some examples:
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Generalized Anxiety Disorder

: When To Call a Professional

See your doctor if you are troubled by severe worry or anxiety, especially if:
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Generalized Anxiety Disorder

: Prognosis

In general, the outlook is good. With appropriate treatment, about 50% of patients improve within 3 weeks of starting treatment, and 77% improve within 9 months.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Generalized Seizures (Grand Mal Seizures)

: What Is It?

Normally, the brain's nerve cells (neurons) communicate with one another by firing tiny electric signals that pass from cell to cell. The firing pattern of these electric signals reflects how busy the brain is. The location of these signals indicates what the brain is doing, such as thinking, seeing, feeling, hearing, controlling the movement of muscles, etc. A seizure occurs when the firing pattern of the brain's electric signals suddenly becomes very abnormal and unusually intense, either in an isolated area of the brain or throughout the brain. If the whole brain is involved, the electrical disturbance is called a generalized seizure. This type of seizure used to be called a grand mal seizure. The most easily recognizable symptom of a generalized seizure is the body stiffness and jerking limbs known as tonic-clonic motor activity.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Genital herpes

: What is it?

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause blisters and skin ulcers in the genital and anal area. It can be caused by either of two types of herpes simplex virus, HSV-1 or HSV-2. HSV-2 is the more common cause. HSV-1 more commonly causes sores on the face and mouth. HSV spreads from person to person through kissing and skin-to-skin contact, as well as through vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse. An infected person often transmits the virus when skin blisters or ulcers are visible, but the virus also can be spread when there are no symptoms or skin sores at all. Herpes virus can be transmitted by people who don't know they are infected. In a pregnant woman with HSV infection (usually HSV-2), the virus can pass to the baby during delivery, causing infections of the newborn's skin, mouth, lungs, or eyes. If the herpes virus spreads through the baby's bloodstream, it can cause serious infections of the brain and other vital organs.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Genital herpes

: Symptoms

Many people with genital herpes infection have no symptoms. When symptoms appear, they can include
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Genital herpes

: Diagnosis

Your doctor may suspect that you have genital herpes based on your sexual history, your symptoms, and the results of your physical examination. Your doctor may want to confirm the diagnosis by scraping the affected skin area for laboratory testing. He or she may also want to do a blood test to confirm the diagnosis. People who have one type of sexually transmitted infection are at risk of others. Your doctor may wish to test you for other infections, such as syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomonas, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The diagnosis of herpes infection in the newborn can be difficult because other things can cause similar symptoms in babies, including other types of infections. Special cultures and blood tests similar to those used in adults help confirm the diagnosis in newborns.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Genital herpes

: Expected duration

There is no cure for genital herpes. Herpes infection remains persistent, but it can be dormant (asleep) for very long periods of time. The symptoms tend to return periodically. The pattern of recurrence (how frequently it happens, how long an episode lasts, and what the symptoms are) is different for every person.
### Instruction:  Disease name:

    Genital herpes

: Prevention

To avoid getting herpes, you should always follow safer sexual practices. Limit your number of sexual partners. Always use condoms unless you are in a monogamous relationship with an uninfected person. People with genital herpes should abstain from sexual activity when they have symptoms. They also should tell all sex partners about their herpes infection and use condoms during sexual activity. Even without symptoms, a person can shed the herpes virus and infect others. There is some evidence that people who are infected with genital herpes can reduce the frequency and severity of recurrences and reduce the risk of transmitting the infection to sexual partners by taking antiviral medication every day (see Treatment, below). People with active genital herpes sores are more likely to become infected with HIV if they are exposed through sexual intercourse. If you have HIV and you are infected with HSV-2, you may be more likely to spread HIV to others. Pregnant women who have visible ulcers from genital herpes at the time of delivery usually are encouraged to have a Caesarean section to prevent HSV from spreading to the newborn. Because the decision to have a Caesarean section is based on many factors, a pregnant woman with HSV infection should discuss the subject with her physician as early as possible in her pregnancy. Women with their first outbreak at the time of delivery have the highest risk of transmitting the virus to the baby. Women known to have herpes before delivery may be counseled to take antivirals for the last few weeks of their pregnancy, but this decision should be made on a case-by-case basis.