ChenDRAG/VeRL_math_validation huggingface dataset:
Problem: Calculate the minimum potential $(V)$ in volts (to 1 decimal place) which must be applied to a free electron so that it has enough energy to excite, upon impact, the electron in a hydrogen atom from its ground state to a state of $n=5$.
Answer: 13.1
Problem: Preamble: For light with a wavelength $(\lambda)$ of $408 \mathrm{~nm}$ determine:

Subproblem 0: the frequency in $s^{-1}$. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$, where $n$ is to 3 decimal places. 


Solution: To solve this problem we must know the following relationships:
\[
\begin{aligned}
v \lambda &=c
\end{aligned}
\]
$v$ (frequency) $=\frac{c}{\lambda}=\frac{3 \times 10^{8} m / s}{408 \times 10^{-9} m}= \boxed{7.353e14} s^{-1}$

Final answer: The final answer is 7.353e14. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: the wave number in $m^{-1}$. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$, where $n$ is to 2 decimal places.


Solution: To solve this problem we must know the following relationships:
\[
\begin{aligned}
1 / \lambda=\bar{v} 
\end{aligned}
\]
$\bar{v}$ (wavenumber) $=\frac{1}{\lambda}=\frac{1}{408 \times 10^{-9} m}=\boxed{2.45e6} m^{-1}$

Final answer: The final answer is 2.45e6. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 2: the wavelength in angstroms.
Answer: 4080
Problem: Preamble: Reference the information below to solve the following problems. 
$\begin{array}{llll}\text { Element } & \text { Ionization Potential }  & \text { Element } & \text { Ionization Potential } \\ {Na} & 5.14 & {Ca} & 6.11 \\ {Mg} & 7.64 & {Sc} & 6.54 \\ {Al} & 5.98 & {Ti} & 6.82 \\ {Si} & 8.15 & {~V} & 6.74 \\ {P} & 10.48 & {Cr} & 6.76 \\ {~S} & 10.36 & {Mn} & 7.43 \\ {Cl} & 13.01 & {Fe} & 7.9 \\ {Ar} & 15.75 & {Co} & 7.86 \\ & & {Ni} & 7.63 \\ & & {Cu} & 7.72\end{array}$

Subproblem 0: What is the first ionization energy (in J, to 3 decimal places) for Na?


Solution: The required data can be obtained by multiplying the ionization potentials (listed in the Periodic Table) with the electronic charge ( ${e}^{-}=1.6 \times 10^{-19}$ C).
\boxed{0.822} J.

Final answer: The final answer is 0.822. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: What is the first ionization energy (in J, to 2 decimal places) for Mg?
Answer: 1.22
Problem: Light of wavelength $\lambda=4.28 \times 10^{-7} {~m}$ interacts with a "motionless" hydrogen atom. During this interaction it transfers all its energy to the orbiting electron of the hydrogen. What is the velocity in m/s of this electron after interaction? Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$ where $n$ is to 2 decimal places.
Answer: 2.19e6
Problem: Determine the minimum potential in V (to 2 decimal places) that must be applied to an $\alpha$-particle so that on interaction with a hydrogen atom, a ground state electron will be excited to $n$ $=6$.
Answer: 6.62
Problem: Preamble: Reference the information below to solve the following problems. 
$\begin{array}{llll}\text { Element } & \text { Ionization Potential }  & \text { Element } & \text { Ionization Potential } \\ {Na} & 5.14 & {Ca} & 6.11 \\ {Mg} & 7.64 & {Sc} & 6.54 \\ {Al} & 5.98 & {Ti} & 6.82 \\ {Si} & 8.15 & {~V} & 6.74 \\ {P} & 10.48 & {Cr} & 6.76 \\ {~S} & 10.36 & {Mn} & 7.43 \\ {Cl} & 13.01 & {Fe} & 7.9 \\ {Ar} & 15.75 & {Co} & 7.86 \\ & & {Ni} & 7.63 \\ & & {Cu} & 7.72\end{array}$

What is the first ionization energy (in J, to 3 decimal places) for Na?
Answer: 0.822
Problem: Preamble: For "yellow radiation" (frequency, $v,=5.09 \times 10^{14} s^{-1}$ ) emitted by activated sodium, determine:

Subproblem 0: the wavelength $(\lambda)$ in m. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$, where n is to 2 decimal places.


Solution: The equation relating $v$ and $\lambda$ is $c=v \lambda$ where $c$ is the speed of light $=3.00 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{~m}$.
\[
\lambda=\frac{c}{v}=\frac{3.00 \times 10^{8} m / s}{5.09 \times 10^{14} s^{-1}}=\boxed{5.89e-7} m
\]

Final answer: The final answer is 5.89e-7. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: the wave number $(\bar{v})$ in ${cm}^{-1}$. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$, where n is to 2 decimal places.
Answer: 1.70e4
Problem: Subproblem 0: In the balanced equation for the reaction between $\mathrm{CO}$ and $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ to form $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$, what is the coefficient of $\mathrm{CO}$?


Solution: \boxed{1}.

Final answer: The final answer is 1. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: In the balanced equation for the reaction between $\mathrm{CO}$ and $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ to form $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$, what is the coefficient of $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ (in decimal form)?
Answer: 0.5
Problem: Preamble: Calculate the molecular weight in g/mole (to 2 decimal places) of each of the substances listed below.

$\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{OH}$
Answer: 35.06
Problem: Subproblem 0: In the balanced equation for the reaction between $\mathrm{CO}$ and $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ to form $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$, what is the coefficient of $\mathrm{CO}$?


Solution: \boxed{1}.

Final answer: The final answer is 1. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: In the balanced equation for the reaction between $\mathrm{CO}$ and $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ to form $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$, what is the coefficient of $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ (in decimal form)?


Solution: \boxed{0.5}. 

Final answer: The final answer is 0.5. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 2: In the balanced equation for the reaction between $\mathrm{CO}$ and $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ to form $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$, what is the coefficient of $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ (in decimal form)?
Answer: 1
Problem: Magnesium (Mg) has the following isotopic distribution:
\[
\begin{array}{ll}
24_{\mathrm{Mg}} & 23.985 \mathrm{amu} \text { at } 0.7870 \text { fractional abundance } \\
25_{\mathrm{Mg}} & 24.986 \mathrm{amu} \text { at } 0.1013 \text { fractional abundance } \\
26_{\mathrm{Mg}} & 25.983 \mathrm{amu} \text { at } 0.1117 \text { fractional abundance }
\end{array}
\]
What is the atomic weight of magnesium (Mg) (to 3 decimal places) according to these data?
Answer: 24.310
Problem: Preamble: Electrons are accelerated by a potential of 10 Volts.

Determine their velocity in m/s. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$, where $n$ is to 2 decimal places.
Answer: 1.87e6
Problem: Determine the frequency (in $s^{-1}$ of radiation capable of generating, in atomic hydrogen, free electrons which have a velocity of $1.3 \times 10^{6} {~ms}^{-1}$. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$ where $n$ is to 2 decimal places.
Answer: 4.45e15
Problem: In the balanced equation for the reaction between $\mathrm{CO}$ and $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ to form $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$, what is the coefficient of $\mathrm{CO}$?
Answer: 1
Problem: Preamble: Electrons are accelerated by a potential of 10 Volts.

Subproblem 0: Determine their velocity in m/s. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$, where $n$ is to 2 decimal places. 


Solution: The definition of an ${eV}$ is the energy gained by an electron when it is accelerated through a potential of $1 {~V}$, so an electron accelerated by a potential of $10 {~V}$ would have an energy of $10 {eV}$.\\
${E}=\frac{1}{2} m {v}^{2} \rightarrow {v}=\sqrt{2 {E} / {m}}$
\[
E=10 {eV}=1.60 \times 10^{-18} {~J}
\]
\[
\begin{aligned}
& {m}=\text { mass of electron }=9.11 \times 10^{-31} {~kg} \\
& v=\sqrt{\frac{2 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-18} {~J}}{9.11 \times 10^{-31} {~kg}}}= \boxed{1.87e6} {~m} / {s} 
\end{aligned}
\]

Final answer: The final answer is 1.87e6. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Determine their deBroglie wavelength $\left(\lambda_{p}\right)$ in m. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$, where $n$ is to 2 decimal places.
Answer: 3.89e-10
Problem: Preamble: In all likelihood, the Soviet Union and the United States together in the past exploded about ten hydrogen devices underground per year.

If each explosion converted about $10 \mathrm{~g}$ of matter into an equivalent amount of energy (a conservative estimate), how many $k J$ of energy were released per device? Please format your answer as $n \times 10^{x}$.
Answer: 9e11
Problem: Preamble: Calculate the molecular weight in g/mole (to 2 decimal places) of each of the substances listed below.

Subproblem 0: $\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{OH}$


Solution: $\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{OH}$ :
$5 \times 1.01=5.05(\mathrm{H})$
$1 \times 14.01=14.01(\mathrm{~N})$
$1 \times 16.00=16.00(\mathrm{O})$
$\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{OH}= \boxed{35.06}$ g/mole

Final answer: The final answer is 35.06. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: $\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}$


Solution: $\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}: 3 \times 16.00=48.00(\mathrm{O})$
$1 \times 22.99=22.99(\mathrm{Na})$
$1 \times 1.01=1.01$ (H)
$1 \times 12.01=12.01$ (C)
$\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}= \boxed{84.01}$ g/mole

Final answer: The final answer is 84.01. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 2: $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}$
Answer: 46.08
Problem: Subproblem 0: In the balanced equation for the reaction between $\mathrm{CO}$ and $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ to form $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$, what is the coefficient of $\mathrm{CO}$?


Solution: \boxed{1}.

Final answer: The final answer is 1. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: In the balanced equation for the reaction between $\mathrm{CO}$ and $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ to form $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$, what is the coefficient of $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ (in decimal form)?


Solution: \boxed{0.5}. 

Final answer: The final answer is 0.5. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 2: In the balanced equation for the reaction between $\mathrm{CO}$ and $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ to form $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$, what is the coefficient of $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ (in decimal form)?


Solution: \boxed{1}.

Final answer: The final answer is 1. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 3: If $32.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of oxygen react with $\mathrm{CO}$ to form carbon dioxide $\left(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\right)$, how much CO was consumed in this reaction (to 1 decimal place)?
Answer: 56
Problem: Preamble: For "yellow radiation" (frequency, $v,=5.09 \times 10^{14} s^{-1}$ ) emitted by activated sodium, determine:

the wavelength $(\lambda)$ in m. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$, where n is to 2 decimal places.
Answer: 5.89e-7
Problem: For a proton which has been subjected to an accelerating potential (V) of 15 Volts, determine its deBroglie wavelength in m. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$, where $n$ is to 1 decimal place.
Answer: 7.4e-12
Problem: Preamble: For light with a wavelength $(\lambda)$ of $408 \mathrm{~nm}$ determine:

the frequency in $s^{-1}$. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$, where $n$ is to 3 decimal places.
Answer: 7.353e14
Problem: Determine in units of eV (to 2 decimal places) the energy of a photon ( $h v)$ with the wavelength of $800$ nm.
Answer: 1.55
Problem: Determine for barium (Ba) the linear density of atoms along the $<110>$ directions, in atoms/m.
Answer: 1.39e9
Problem: A photon with a wavelength $(\lambda)$ of $3.091 \times 10^{-7} {~m}$ strikes an atom of hydrogen. Determine the velocity in m/s of an electron ejected from the excited state, $n=3$. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$ where $n$ is to 2 decimal places.
Answer: 9.35e5
Problem: Preamble: For the element copper (Cu) determine:

the distance of second nearest neighbors (in meters). Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$ where $n$ is to 2 decimal places.
Answer: 3.61e-10
Problem: A line of the Lyman series of the spectrum of hydrogen has a wavelength of $9.50 \times 10^{-8} {~m}$. What was the "upper" quantum state $\left({n}_{{i}}\right)$ involved in the associated electron transition?
Answer: 5
Problem: Determine the diffusivity $\mathrm{D}$ of lithium ( $\mathrm{Li}$ ) in silicon (Si) at $1200^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, knowing that $D_{1100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}}=10^{-5} \mathrm{~cm}^{2} / \mathrm{s}$ and $\mathrm{D}_{695^{\circ} \mathrm{C}}=10^{-6} \mathrm{~cm}^{2} / \mathrm{s}$. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$ where $n$ is to 2 decimal places, in $\mathrm{~cm}^2/\mathrm{sec}$.
Answer: 1.45e-5
Problem: By planar diffusion of antimony (Sb) into p-type germanium (Ge), a p-n junction is obtained at a depth of $3 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~cm}$ below the surface. What is the donor concentration in the bulk germanium if diffusion is carried out for three hours at $790^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$? Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$ where $n$ is to 2 decimal places, and express it in units of $1/\mathrm{cm}^3$. The surface concentration of antimony is held constant at a value of $8 \times 10^{18}$ $\mathrm{cm}^{-3} ; D_{790^{\circ} \mathrm{C}}=4.8 \times 10^{-11} \mathrm{~cm}^{2} / \mathrm{s}$.
Answer: 2.88e16
Problem: Preamble: One mole of electromagnetic radiation (light, consisting of energy packages called photons) has an energy of $171 \mathrm{~kJ} /$ mole photons.

Determine the wavelength of this light in nm.
Answer: 700
Problem: Preamble: Two lasers generate radiation of (1) $9.5 \mu {m}$ and (2) $0.1 \mu {m}$ respectively.

Determine the photon energy (in eV, to two decimal places) of the laser generating radiation of $9.5 \mu {m}$.
Answer: 0.13
Problem: At $100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ copper $(\mathrm{Cu})$ has a lattice constant of $3.655 \AA$. What is its density in $g/cm^3$ at this temperature? Please round your answer to 2 decimal places.
Answer: 8.64
Problem: Determine the atomic (metallic) radius of Mo in meters. Do not give the value listed in the periodic table; calculate it from the fact that Mo's atomic weight is $=95.94 \mathrm{~g} /$ mole and $\rho=10.2 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}$. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$ where $n$ is to 2 decimal places.
Answer: 1.39e-10
Problem: Preamble: Determine the following values from a standard radio dial. 

What is the minimum wavelength in m for broadcasts on the AM band? Format your answer as an integer.
Answer: 188
Problem: Consider a (111) plane in an FCC structure. How many different [110]-type directions lie in this (111) plane?
Answer: 6
Problem: Determine the velocity of an electron (in $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ ) that has been subjected to an accelerating potential $V$ of 150 Volt. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$, where $n$ is to 2 decimal places. 
(The energy imparted to an electron by an accelerating potential of one Volt is $1.6 \times 10^{-19}$ J oules; dimensional analysis shows that the dimensions of charge $x$ potential correspond to those of energy; thus: 1 electron Volt $(1 \mathrm{eV})=1.6 \times 10^{-19}$ Coulomb $\times 1$ Volt $=1.6 \times 10^{-19}$ Joules.)
Answer: 7.26e6
Problem: In a diffractometer experiment a specimen of thorium (Th) is irradiated with tungsten (W) $L_{\alpha}$ radiation. Calculate the angle, $\theta$, of the $4^{\text {th }}$ reflection. Round your answer (in degrees) to 2 decimal places.
Answer: 28.71
Problem: A metal is found to have BCC structure, a lattice constant of $3.31 \AA$, and a density of $16.6 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}$. Determine the atomic weight of this element in g/mole, and round your answer to 1 decimal place.
Answer: 181.3
Problem: Preamble: Iron $\left(\rho=7.86 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\right.$ ) crystallizes in a BCC unit cell at room temperature.

Calculate the radius in cm of an iron atom in this crystal. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$ where $n$ is to 2 decimal places.
Answer: 1.24e-8
Problem: Preamble: For the element copper (Cu) determine:

Subproblem 0: the distance of second nearest neighbors (in meters). Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$ where $n$ is to 2 decimal places.


Solution: The answer can be found by looking at a unit cell of $\mathrm{Cu}$ (FCC).
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{set_23_img_00.jpg}
\nonessentialimage
Nearest neighbor distance is observed along $<110>$; second-nearest along $<100>$. The second-nearest neighbor distance is found to be "a".
Cu: atomic volume $=7.1 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{~m}^{3} /$ mole $=\frac{\mathrm{N}_{\mathrm{A}}}{4} \mathrm{a}^{3}$ ( $\mathrm{Cu}: \mathrm{FCC} ; 4$ atoms/unit cell) $a=\sqrt[3]{\frac{7.1 \times 10^{-6} \times 4}{6.02 \times 10^{23}}}= \boxed{3.61e-10} \mathrm{~m}$

Final answer: The final answer is 3.61e-10. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: the interplanar spacing of $\{110\}$ planes (in meters). Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$ where $n$ is to 2 decimal places.
Answer: 2.55e-10
Problem: Subproblem 0: What is the working temperature for silica glass in Celsius?


Solution: \boxed{1950}.

Final answer: The final answer is 1950. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: What is the softening temperature for silica glass in Celsius?


Solution: \boxed{1700}.

Final answer: The final answer is 1700. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 2: What is the working temperature for Pyrex in Celsius?


Solution: \boxed{1200}.

Final answer: The final answer is 1200. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 3: What is the softening temperature for Pyrex in Celsius?


Solution: \boxed{800}.

Final answer: The final answer is 800. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 4: What is the working temperature for soda-lime glass in Celsius?
Answer: 900
Problem: Determine the wavelength of $\lambda_{K_{\alpha}}$ for molybdenum (Mo). Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$ where $n$ is to 2 decimal places, in meters.
Answer: 7.25e-11
Problem: Determine the second-nearest neighbor distance (in pm) for nickel (Ni) at $100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ if its density at that temperature is $8.83 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}$. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$ where $n$ is to 2 decimal places.
Answer: 3.61e2
Problem: What is the working temperature for silica glass in Celsius?
Answer: 1950
Problem: What acceleration potential $V$ must be applied to electrons to cause electron diffraction on $\{220\}$ planes of gold $(\mathrm{Au})$ at $\theta=5^{\circ}$ ? Format your answer as an integer, in Volts.
Answer: 2415
Problem: To increase its corrosion resistance, chromium $(\mathrm{Cr})$ is diffused into steel at $980^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. If during diffusion the surface concentration of chromium remains constant at $100 \%$, how long will it take (in days) to achieve a $\mathrm{Cr}$ concentration of $1.8 \%$ at a depth of $0.002 \mathrm{~cm}$ below the steel surface? Round your answer to 1 decimal place. $\left(D_{o}=0.54 \mathrm{~cm}^{2} / \mathrm{s} ; E_{A}=286 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\right.$ )
Answer: 6.4
Problem: Subproblem 0: What is the working temperature for silica glass in Celsius?


Solution: \boxed{1950}.

Final answer: The final answer is 1950. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: What is the softening temperature for silica glass in Celsius?


Solution: \boxed{1700}.

Final answer: The final answer is 1700. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 2: What is the working temperature for Pyrex in Celsius?
Answer: 1200
Problem: Preamble: Calculate the vacancy fraction in copper (Cu) in $\mathrm{~cm}^{-3}$ at the following temperatures. Measurements have determined the values of the enthalpy of vacancy formation, $\Delta \mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{V}}$, to be $1.03 \mathrm{eV}$ and the entropic prefactor, A, to be 1.1. Please format your answers as $n \times 10^x$ where $n$ is to 2 decimal places.

$20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.
Answer: 1.85e5
Problem: Preamble: For aluminum at $300 \mathrm{~K}$, 

Calculate the planar packing fraction (fractional area occupied by atoms) of the ( 110 ) plane. Please round your answer to 3 decimal places.
Answer: 0.554
Problem: Determine the inter-ionic equilibrium distance in meters between the sodium and chlorine ions in a sodium chloride molecule knowing that the bond energy is $3.84 \mathrm{eV}$ and that the repulsive exponent is 8. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$ where $n$ is to 1 decimal place.
Answer: 3.3e-10
Problem: Preamble: A formation energy of $2.0 \mathrm{eV}$ is required to create a vacancy in a particular metal. At $800^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ there is one vacancy for every 10,000 atoms.

At what temperature (in Celsius) will there be one vacancy for every 1,000 atoms? Format your answer as an integer.
Answer: 928
Problem: For $\mathrm{NaF}$ the repulsive (Born) exponent, $\mathrm{n}$, is 8.7. Making use of data given in your Periodic Table, calculate the crystal energy ( $\left.\Delta \mathrm{E}_{\text {cryst }}\right)$ in kJ/mole, to 1 decimal place.
Answer: 927.5
Problem: Preamble: Calculate the molecular weight in g/mole (to 2 decimal places) of each of the substances listed below.

Subproblem 0: $\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{OH}$


Solution: $\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{OH}$ :
$5 \times 1.01=5.05(\mathrm{H})$
$1 \times 14.01=14.01(\mathrm{~N})$
$1 \times 16.00=16.00(\mathrm{O})$
$\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{OH}= \boxed{35.06}$ g/mole

Final answer: The final answer is 35.06. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: $\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}$
Answer: 84.01
Problem: In iridium (Ir), the vacancy fraction, $n_{v} / \mathrm{N}$, is $3.091 \times 10^{-5}$ at $12340^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and $5.26 \times 10^{-3}$ at the melting point. Calculate the enthalpy of vacancy formation, $\Delta \mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{v}}$. Round your answer to 1 decimal place.
Answer: 1.5
Problem: If no electron-hole pairs were produced in germanium (Ge) until the temperature reached the value corresponding to the energy gap, at what temperature (Celsius)  would Ge become conductive? Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$ where n is to 1 decimal place. $\left(\mathrm{E}_{\mathrm{th}}=3 / 2 \mathrm{kT}\right)$
Answer: 5.3e3
Problem: Preamble: A first-order chemical reaction is found to have an activation energy $\left(E_{A}\right)$ of 250 $\mathrm{kJ} /$ mole and a pre-exponential (A) of $1.7 \times 10^{14} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$.

Determine the rate constant at $\mathrm{T}=750^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. Round your answer to 1 decimal place, in units of $\mathrm{s}^{-1}$.
Answer: 28.8
Problem: A cubic metal $(r=0.77 \AA$ ) exhibits plastic deformation by slip along $<111>$ directions. Determine its planar packing density (atoms $/ \mathrm{m}^{2}$) for its densest family of planes. Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$ where $n$ is to 2 decimal places.
Answer: 4.46e19
Problem: Determine the total void volume $(\mathrm{cm}^{3} / mole)$ for gold (Au) at $27^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$; make the hard-sphere approximation in your calculation. Note that the molar volume of gold (Au) is $10.3 \mathrm{~cm}^{3} / \mathrm{mole}$. Please round your answer to 2 decimal places.
Answer: 2.68
Problem: Subproblem 0: What is the working temperature for silica glass in Celsius?


Solution: \boxed{1950}.

Final answer: The final answer is 1950. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: What is the softening temperature for silica glass in Celsius?


Solution: \boxed{1700}.

Final answer: The final answer is 1700. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 2: What is the working temperature for Pyrex in Celsius?


Solution: \boxed{1200}.

Final answer: The final answer is 1200. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 3: What is the softening temperature for Pyrex in Celsius?


Solution: \boxed{800}.

Final answer: The final answer is 800. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 4: What is the working temperature for soda-lime glass in Celsius?


Solution: \boxed{900}.

Final answer: The final answer is 900. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 5: What is the softening temperature for soda-lime glass in Celsius?
Answer: 700
Problem: What is the maximum wavelength $(\lambda)$ (in meters) of radiation capable of second order diffraction in platinum (Pt)? Please format your answer as $n \times 10^x$ where $n$ is to 2 decimal places.
Answer: 2.26e-10
Problem: What is the activation energy of a process which is observed to increase by a factor of three when the temperature is increased from room temperature $\left(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)$ to $40^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ? Round your answer to 1 decimal place, and express it in $\mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mole}$.
Answer: 41.9
Problem: How much oxygen (in kg, to 3 decimal places) is required to completely convert 1 mole of $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6}$ into $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ ?
Answer: 0.112
Problem: Determine the differences in relative electronegativity $(\Delta x$ in $e V)$ for the systems ${H}-{F}$ and ${C}-{F}$ given the following data:
$\begin{array}{cl}\text { Bond Energy } & {kJ} / \text { mole } \\ {H}_{2} & 436 \\ {~F}_{2} & 172 \\ {C}-{C} & 335 \\ {H}-{F} & 565 \\ {C}-{H} & 410\end{array}$
\\
Please format your answer to 2 decimal places.
Answer: 0.54