Share-Based Compensation. Our share-based compensation plan provides the ability to grant equity awards to our employees, consultants and non-employee directors. As of December 31, 2018, only nonqualified stock options, restricted shares, performance stock and restricted share units had been granted under such plans. The fair value of restricted share grants and restricted share units is based on the closing price of our common stock on the grant date. We values option grants based on the grant date fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, and we value performance awards with market conditions based on the grant date fair value using a Monte Carlo simulation, both of which require the use of subjective assumptions. We recognize share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award and makes estimates of employee terminations and forfeiture rates which impacts the amount of compensation expense that is recorded over the requisite service period.

Income Taxes. We are subject to income and other similar taxes in all areas in which we operate. When recording income tax expense, certain estimates are required because: (a) income tax returns are generally filed months after the close of our annual accounting period; (b) tax returns are subject to audit by taxing authorities and audits can often take years to complete and settle; and (c) future events often impact the timing of when we recognize income tax expenses and benefits.

We account for income taxes utilizing the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities due to a change in tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment date.

The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. In assessing the likelihood and extent that deferred tax assets will be realized, consideration is given to projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies. A valuation allowance is recorded when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that a portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

We have federal, state and international net operating losses ("NOLs") carried forward from tax years ending before January 1, 2018 that will expire in the years 2020 through 2038. Due to U.S. tax reform, any U.S. federal income tax losses incurred for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 can be carried forward indefinitely with no carry back available. In addition, the taxable losses generated in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 can only offset 80% of taxable income generated in tax years beginning after December 31, 2018. After considering the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, the potential limitation on use of NOLs under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") and tax planning strategies, we established a valuation allowance due to the uncertainty regarding the ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets associated with its NOL carryforwards.

As a result of the Chapter 11 Proceeding, on the Plan Effective Date, we believe we experienced an ownership change for purposes of Section 382 of the Code because of its Restructuring Plan. Consequently, our pre-change NOLs are subject to an annual limitation (See Note 14 - Chapter 11 Proceeding and Emergence for additional information, including definitions of capitalized defined terms, about the Chapter 11 Proceeding and emergence from the Chapter 11 Proceeding). The ownership change and resulting annual limitation on use of NOLs are not expected to result in the expiration of our NOL carryforwards if we are able to generate sufficient future taxable income within the carryforward periods. However, the limitation on the amount of NOLs available to offset taxable income in a specific year may result in the payment of income taxes before all NOLs have been utilized. Additionally, a subsequent ownership change may result in further limitation on the ability to utilize existing NOLs and other tax attributes, which could cause our pre-change NOL carryforwards to expire unused.

We recognize the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more-likely-than-not, based on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50.0% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority. Previously recognized uncertain tax positions are reversed in the first period in which it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position would be sustained upon examination. Income tax related interest and penalties, if applicable, are recorded as a component of the provision for income tax expense. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we have an unrecognized tax benefit of \$6.0 million related to an increase in the estimate of the reserve for unrecognized tax benefits relating to our uncertain tax positions, which is netted against our net operating loss carryforwards. The unrecognized tax benefit, or UTB, is related to a deduction for certain fees that were paid using shares of our common stock as part of the January 7, 2017 plan of reorganization. The recorded unrecognized tax benefit is equal to our estimate of the portion of the tax benefit that is less than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing