# 2.3 ISSUED BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE HONG KONG FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (Continued)

# (c) Amendments to HKFRS 10 and HKAS 28 (2011) address an inconsistency between the requirements in HKFRS 10 and in HKAS 28 (2011) in dealing with the sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture. The amendments require a full recognition of a gain or loss when the sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture constitutes a business. For a transaction involving assets that do not constitute a business, a gain or loss resulting from the transaction is recognised in the investor’s profit or loss only to the extent of the unrelated investor’s interest in that associate or joint venture. The amendments are to be applied prospectively. The previous mandatory effective date of amendments to HKFRS 10 and HKAS 28 (2011) was removed by the HKICPA in January 2016 and a new mandatory effective date will be determined after the completion of a broader review of accounting for associates and joint ventures. However, the amendments are available for adoption now. The amendments are not expected to have any significant impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

# (d) Amendments to HKAS 1 and HKAS 8 provide a new definition of material. The new definition states that information is material if omitting, misstating or obscuring it could reasonably be expected to influence decisions that the primary users of general purpose financial statements make on the basis of those consolidated financial statements. The amendments clarify that materiality will depend on the nature or magnitude of information. A misstatement of information is material if it could reasonably be expected to influence decisions made by the primary users. The Group expects to adopt the amendments prospectively from 1 July 2020. The amendments are not expected to have any significant impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

2.3 已頒佈但未生效之香港財務報告準則（續）

(c) 香港財務報告準則第10號及香港會計準則第28號（二零一一年）（修訂本）涉及香港財務報告準則第10號及香港會計準則第28號（二零一一年）於處理有關投資者與其聯營公司或合營企業之間的資產出售或注資規定之不一致性。該等修訂本規定，當投資者與其聯營公司或合營企業之間的資產出售或注資構成一項業務時，須確認全數收益或虧損。當交易涉及不構成一項業務之資產時，由該交易產生之收益或虧損於該投資者之損益賬內確認，惟僅以不相關投資者於該聯營公司或合營企業之權益為限。該等修訂本將按未來適用基準應用。香港會計師公會已於二零一六年一月剔除香港財務報告準則第10號及香港會計準則第28號（二零一一年）（修訂本）先前之強制生效日期，而新強制生效日期將於完成對聯營公司及合營企業之更廣泛會計審閱後釐定。然而，該等修訂本現時可供採納。該等修訂本預期不會對本集團之綜合財務報表造成任何重大影響。

(d) 香港會計準則第1號及香港會計準則第8號（修訂本）提供重大之新定義。新定義訂明，倘資料遺漏、失實或含糊不清，而合理預期可能會影響用作一般用途之財務報表之主要使用者按該等綜合財務報表作出之決定，則資料屬重大。該等修訂本澄清，重要性將視乎資料性質或重要性而定。倘資料失實可能合理預期影響主要使用者作出之決定，則屬重大。本集團預期自二零二零年七月一日起按未來適用基準採納該等修訂本。該等修訂本預期不會對本集團之綜合財務報表造成任何重大影響。

# 2.4 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

# Interests in associates

An associate is an entity in which the Group has a long-term interest of generally not less than 20% of the equity voting rights and over which it is in a position to exercise significant influence. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee, but is not control or joint control over those policies.

The Group’s investments in associates are stated in the consolidated statement of financial position at the Group’s share of net assets under the equity method of accounting, less any impairment losses.

Adjustments are made to bring into line any dissimilar accounting policies that may exist.

The Group’s share of the post-acquisition results and other comprehensive income of associates is included in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and consolidated other comprehensive income. In addition, when there has been a change recognised directly in the equity of the associate, the Group recognises its share of any changes, when applicable, in the consolidated statement of changes in equity. Unrealised gains and losses resulting from transactions between the Group and its associates are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s investments in the associates, except where unrealised losses provide evidence of an impairment of the assets transferred. Goodwill arising from the acquisition of associates is included as part of the Group’s investments in associates.

# Business combinations and goodwill

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred is measured at the acquisition date fair value which is the sum of the acquisition date fair values of assets transferred by the Group, liabilities assumed by the Group to the former owners of the acquiree. For each business combination, the Group elects whether to measure the non-controlling interests in the acquiree that are present ownership interests and entitle their holders to a proportionate share of net assets in the event of liquidation either at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. All other components of non-controlling interests are measured at fair value. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.

2.4 主要會計政策概要

聯營公司權益

聯營公司是指本集團擁有一般不少於20%股份投票權之長期權益並且本集團對其可行使重大影響力的實體。重大影響力為參與投資對象的財務及營運政策決定的權利，惟並非控制或共同控制該等政策。

本集團於聯營公司的投資乃採用權益會計法按本集團分佔的資產淨值減任何減值虧損後，在綜合財務狀況表中列賬。

已就可能存在之任何不一致會計政策作出調整，以使其一致。

本集團應佔聯營公司的收購後業績及其他全面收益乃分別計入綜合損益及其他綜合全面收益表。此外，當聯營公司的權益內直接確認一項變動，則本集團在適當情況下會在綜合權益變動表確認其應佔的任何變動。本集團與其聯營公司交易的未變現盈虧按本集團應佔該聯營公司的投資撤銷，惟未變現虧損提供已轉讓資產減值的憑證則除外。收購聯營公司所產生的商譽列為本集團於聯營公司的投資之一部分。

業務合併及商譽

業務合併乃使用收購法入賬。已轉讓總代價以被收購方於收購日期的公平值（為本集團轉讓資產於收購日期的公平值總和）以及本集團承擔的被收購方前擁有人的負債計量。於各業務合併中，本集團選擇是否以公平值或被收購方可識別資產淨值的應佔比例，計算於被收購方屬現時擁有人權益的非控股權益，並賦予擁有人權利，於清盤時按比例分佔實體的淨資產。非控股權益之一切其他成分乃按公平值計量。收購相關成本於產生時計入支出。