Continuation of Table 3

<table><tr><td>Which KOIs?</td><td> Rating</td><td>Cleanliness</td><td> SinePoly Fit</td><td> Periodogram Peak</td><td> SinePoly Fit Peak</td><td> Overall</td></tr><tr><td>All</td><td>0</td><td>11</td><td>18</td><td>998</td><td>1079</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>All</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>8</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td>All</td><td>2</td><td>6</td><td>17</td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>All</td><td>3</td><td>46</td><td>43</td><td>9</td><td>4</td><td>63</td></tr><tr><td>All</td><td>4</td><td>405</td><td>253</td><td>16</td><td>8</td><td>281</td></tr><tr><td>All</td><td>5</td><td>2972</td><td>1917</td><td>783</td><td>956</td><td>1654</td></tr><tr><td>All</td><td>6</td><td>1298</td><td>2411</td><td>2585</td><td>2234</td><td>2419</td></tr><tr><td>All</td><td>7</td><td>953</td><td>837</td><td>1095</td><td>1253</td><td>1011</td></tr><tr><td>All</td><td>8</td><td>196</td><td>290</td><td>263</td><td>248</td><td>300</td></tr><tr><td>All</td><td>9</td><td>42</td><td>136</td><td>175</td><td>143</td><td>138</td></tr></table>

Note—The distribution of our five visual ratings for the 3786 planets or planet candidates (based on the disposition in the NASA Exoplanet Cumulative Table on June 6, 2016) and all 5930 KOIs.

Table 3 shows that most ratings have a similar distribution, with 2-3% having a score of "9" (exceptional), 5% a score of "8" (strong), 15% a score of "7" (weak/possible), and the remaining ∼75% indicating very weak or indiscernible signals. Similar distributions are expected since each rating correlates strongly with the SNR of a TTV signal. The Periodicity ratings both show ∼1000 KOIs with a rating of "0" which resulted from long-period planets (or aliases) without enough TTVs to ascertain periodicity (too few “median squares”).

The Overall rating was the most important category, and will be considered in most detail below. A post facto assessment of the Overall ratings suggests that "9" corresponds to the Strongest TTV signals; an "8" corresponds to a Strong signal; a "7" corresponds to a weak, minimal, and/or noisy signal; and "6" or below indicate no TTV signal of interest. For example, the H+16 list of interesting signals contained practically all "9"s and most "8"s. Many of the planets with an Overall rating of 9 have been analyzed directly in various TTV studies.

Of particular interest is the 657 planets with an Overall rating of "7". More detailed and careful analyses of these systems should reveal large numbers of weak constraints on masses, densities, and/or the presence of non-transiting planets. Analyzing these as an ensemble could provide significant scientific insights, even though each individual measurement is weak.

# 3.2. Eclipsing Binaries

Though EBs received the same treatment as the rest of the KOIs, they are not the focus of our study. We therefore removed these from Table 2 and discuss them here. Only known EBs are removed; it is likely that many additional unknown EBs remain and, indeed, our TTV plots can sometimes be used to help identify such false positives.

We gather some of the properties of these EBs from Villanova’s Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog7 on June 6, 2016. These are combined with our ratings in Table 4. These are provided as a basic reference; there are many other sources for determining EBs with interesting timing variations (e.g., Kirk et al. 2016).

Table 4. Analyzed Eclipsing Binaries

<table><tr><td>KOI Number</td><td> KIC</td><td> Period (d)</td><td> K Mag</td><td>\( T _ { e f f } \) (K)</td><td> Cleanliness</td><td> SinePoly Fit</td><td> Per. Peak</td><td> SinePoly Peak</td><td> Overall</td></tr><tr><td>225.01</td><td>5801571</td><td>1.7</td><td>14.78</td><td>6037</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>1351.01</td><td>6964043</td><td>5.4</td><td>15.61</td><td>5374</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>1452.01</td><td>7449844</td><td>1.2</td><td>13.63</td><td>6834</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>8</td><td>7</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>1701.01</td><td>7222086</td><td>3.3</td><td>11.04</td><td>7065</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>6</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>1771.01</td><td>11342573</td><td>91.1</td><td>15.96</td><td>5844</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>7</td><td>6</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>3175.01</td><td>4909707</td><td>2.3</td><td>10.69</td><td>-1</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>8</td></tr></table>

---

7 http://keplerebs.villanova.edu/

Continuation of Table 4

<table><tr><td>KOI Number</td><td> KIC</td><td> Period (d)</td><td> K Mag</td><td>\( T _ { e f f } \)(K)</td><td> Cleanliness</td><td> SinePoly Fit</td><td> Per. Peak</td><td> SinePoly Peak</td><td> Overall</td></tr><tr><td>3244.01</td><td>6850665</td><td>214.7</td><td>12.39</td><td>4828</td><td>6</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>3272.01</td><td>4948730</td><td>23.0</td><td>14.80</td><td>5624</td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>7</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>3290.01</td><td>4936990</td><td>10.3</td><td>15.29</td><td>6099</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>0</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>3331.01</td><td>5876805</td><td>18.2</td><td>15.93</td><td>5559</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>6</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>3467.01</td><td>7127885</td><td>33.9</td><td>15.19</td><td>5970</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>3565.01</td><td>9592575</td><td>2.6</td><td>15.90</td><td>5436</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>3606.01</td><td>10275074</td><td>4.4</td><td>14.18</td><td>6354</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>3715.01</td><td>4937143</td><td>9.8</td><td>16.35</td><td>6705</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>4294.01</td><td>7681230</td><td>1.0</td><td>14.84</td><td>6029</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>4351.01</td><td>5436161</td><td>0.6</td><td>15.00</td><td>5001</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>4925.01</td><td>1725193</td><td>5.9</td><td>14.50</td><td>5802</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>6</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>4936.01</td><td>2305543</td><td>1.4</td><td>12.54</td><td>5623</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>4953.01</td><td>2711123</td><td>0.7</td><td>12.53</td><td>4723</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>7</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>4970.01</td><td>3245638</td><td>0.7</td><td>13.12</td><td>5883</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>5015.01</td><td>3848919</td><td>1.0</td><td>13.90</td><td>5226</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>5025.01</td><td>3953106</td><td>13.2</td><td>14.04</td><td>5398</td><td>4</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>5061.01</td><td>4455763</td><td>0.8</td><td>15.58</td><td>6059</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>8</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>5076.01</td><td>4732015</td><td>0.9</td><td>10.15</td><td>4185</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>5090.01</td><td>4815612</td><td>3.9</td><td>15.18</td><td>6387</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>5111.01</td><td>4996558</td><td>3.0</td><td>13.87</td><td>-1</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>5112.01</td><td>5006817</td><td>94.8</td><td>10.87</td><td>4935</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>7</td><td>6</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>5145.01</td><td>5263802</td><td>6.1</td><td>11.49</td><td>6642</td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>5152.01</td><td>5308777</td><td>0.9</td><td>13.20</td><td>4705</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>5171.01</td><td>5467126</td><td>2.8</td><td>12.37</td><td>4683</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>5233.01</td><td>6058896</td><td>1.1</td><td>14.78</td><td>5583</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>7</td><td>6</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>5293.01</td><td>6525196</td><td>3.4</td><td>10.15</td><td>5966</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>0</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>5353.01</td><td>7107567</td><td>0.8</td><td>14.23</td><td>6897</td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>5460.01</td><td>8016211</td><td>3.2</td><td>14.39</td><td>4933</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>5564.01</td><td>8718273</td><td>7.0</td><td>10.56</td><td>4577</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>5569.01</td><td>8747222</td><td>1.7</td><td>12.88</td><td>4777</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>6</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>5683.01</td><td>9474485</td><td>1.0</td><td>14.88</td><td>4469</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>8</td><td>7</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>5714.01</td><td>9786017</td><td>4.5</td><td>12.50</td><td>5753</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>7</td><td>6</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>5733.01</td><td>9911112</td><td>2.3</td><td>14.99</td><td>8750</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>7</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>5774.01</td><td>10191056</td><td>2.4</td><td>10.81</td><td>6588</td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>6</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>5797.01</td><td>10480952</td><td>4.1</td><td>12.22</td><td>-1</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>5894.01</td><td>11401845</td><td>2.2</td><td>14.36</td><td>7590</td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>6</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>5906.01</td><td>11506938</td><td>22.6</td><td>11.61</td><td>6373</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>5976.01</td><td>12645761</td><td>5.4</td><td>13.37</td><td>4844</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>7</td></tr></table>

The remaining discussions of TTV demographics use only systems identified as CANDIDATE or CONFIRMED in the Exoplanet Archive disposition as of June 6, 2016 (based mostly on DR24). We refer to these as “planets” throughout. Note that these dispositions sometimes exclude planets with very strong TTVs (see Appendix A, but this is a small effect that we neglect.

# 3.3. Data Comparison With H+16