47. 金融工具

a. 金融工具之類別

# 47. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

# a. Categories of financial instruments

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td>二零二零年 
2020</td><td>二零一九年
2019</td></tr><tr><td>千港元 
HK$’000</td><td>千港元
HK$’000</td></tr><tr><td>金融資產                     Financial assets</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>按公平值計入其他全面收益之          Equity instruments at FVTOCI
權益工具</td><td>9,255</td><td>11,578</td></tr><tr><td>按公平值計入損益之金融資產          Financial assets at FVTPL</td><td>22,686</td><td>40,762</td></tr><tr><td>按攤銷成本                    At amortised cost</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>按金及其他應收款項               Deposits and other receivables</td><td>7,113</td><td>8,444</td></tr><tr><td>應收貸款及利息                 Loan and interest receivables</td><td>462,442</td><td>461,077</td></tr><tr><td>應收賬款                    Trade receivables</td><td>27,206</td><td>42,119</td></tr><tr><td>銀行結餘及現金－信託賬戶           Bank balances and cash – trust account 
銀行結餘及現金－一般賬戶           Bank balances and cash</td><td>2</td><td>9,633</td></tr><tr><td>– general accounts</td><td>78,298</td><td>110,074</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>607,002</td><td>683,687</td></tr><tr><td>金融負債                     Financial liabilities</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>按攤銷成本                    At amortised cost</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>應付賬款及其他應付款項            Trade and other payables</td><td>12,788</td><td>22,469</td></tr><tr><td>應付保固金款項                 Retention monies payables</td><td>1,642</td><td>2,617</td></tr><tr><td>銀行借貸                    Bank borrowings</td><td>45,113</td><td>34,532</td></tr><tr><td>其他貸款及其他借貸               Other loan and other borrowings</td><td>82,000</td><td>70,000</td></tr><tr><td>銀行透支                    Bank overdrafts</td><td>19,396</td><td>19,827</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>160,939</td><td>149,445</td></tr><tr><td>租賃負債╱融資租約承擔            Lease liabilities/obligations under 
finance leases</td><td>9,225</td><td>1,961</td></tr></table>

b. 財務風險管理目標及政策

本集團之主要金融工具如上表所列。該等金融工具詳情於各附註披露。下文載列與該等金融工具有關之風險及如何降低該等風險之政策。管理層管理及監控該等風險，以確保及時和有效地採取適當之措施。

# b. Financial risk management objectives and policies

The Group’s major financial instruments are listed in the above table. Details of these financial instruments are disclosed in the respective notes. The risks associated with these financial instruments and the policies on how to mitigate these risks are set out below. The management manages and monitors these exposures to ensure appropriate measures are implemented on a timely and effective manner.

47. 金融工具（續）

b. 財務風險管理目標及政策（續）

信貸風險及減值評估

應收貸款及利息

為盡量降低信貸風險，本集團管理層制定政策評估應收賬款及應收貸款及利息的信貸風險。該評估乃基於對可收回性之密切監督及評估以及管理層之判斷（包括應收款項賬齡分析、各客戶之當前信譽、客戶經理集中度分析、抵押品分配及集中度分析以及過往收賬記錄等）。就此而言，董事認為本集團的信貸風險已大幅降低。

與客戶所訂立合約產生的應收賬款及合約資產

為盡量降低信貸風險，本集團管理層已委派團隊，負責釐定信貸額度及信貸批核手續。本集團亦設有其他監控程序，確保採取跟進措施以收回逾期債項。此外，本集團根據預期信貸虧損模式基於債務人性質及行業通過將具有類似信貸風險特徵的各類債務人進行分組使用撥備矩陣對貿易結餘進行減值評估。在考慮賬齡、歷史觀察違約率、還款記錄及各自應收賬款的逾期狀況後，對各類債務人給予內部信貸評級。估計損失率是基於違約概率及違約損失率，經參考外部信用報告，並根據無需耗用過多的成本或努力獲取之合理且可支持的前瞻性資料進行調整，而已信貸減值的貿易結餘單獨進行評估。就此而言，董事認為本集團的信貸風險已大幅降低。

# 47. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONTINUED)

# b. Financial risk management objectives and policies (Continued)

# Credit risk and impairment assessment

# Loan and interest receivables

In order to minimise the credit risk, the management of the Group has a policy for assessing the credit risk of accounts and loan and interest receivables. The assessment is based on a close monitoring and evaluation of collectability and on management’s judgement, including the ageing analysis of receivables, the current creditworthiness, account executives concentration analysis, collateral distribution and concentration analysis and the past collection history of each client, etc. In this regard, the Directors consider that the Group’s credit risk is significantly reduced.

# Trade receivables and contract assets arising from contracts with customers

In order to minimise the credit risk, the management of the Group has delegated a team responsible for determination of credit limits and credit approvals. Other monitoring procedures are in place to ensure that follow-up action is taken to recover overdue debts. In addition, the Group performs impairment assessment under ECL model on trade balances based on provision matrix through grouping of various debtors that have similar credit risk characteristics based on nature and industry of debtors. Internal credit rating has been given to each category of debtors after considering aging, historical observed default rates, repayment history and past due status of respective trade receivables. Estimated loss rates are based on probability of default and loss given default with reference to an external credit report and are adjusted for reasonable and supportable forward-looking information that is available without undue costs or effort while credit-impaired trade balances were assessed individually. In this regard, the Directors consider that the Group’s credit risk is significantly reduced.