ChatDOC/OCRFlux-bench-cross huggingface dataset:
The chart below sets forth the total sales value and sales volume of cigarettes in China from 2010 to 2015 and the forecast from 2016 to 2020:

Note:

(1) F refers to forecasted figures.

Sources: STMA; Ipsos research and analysis

The total sales volume of cigarettes in China grew steadily from approximately 2,342.1 billion sticks in 2010 to approximately 2,489.5 billion sticks in 2015 at a CAGR of 1.2%. The sales volume is forecasted to further grow from approximately 2,359.6 billion sticks in 2016 to approximately 2,413.0 billion sticks in 2020, at a CAGR of 0.6%. The total sales value of cigarettes in China steadily grew from RMB847.9 billion in 2010 to RMB1,422.3 billion in 2015 at a CAGR of 10.9%. The sales value is forecasted to further grow from RMB1,468.0 billion in 2016 to RMB1,749.6 billion in 2020, at a CAGR of 4.5%.

The chart below sets forth the total sales value and sales volume of cigarettes in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2015 and the forecast from 2016 to 2020:

Note:

(1) F refers to forecasted figures.

# Sources: STMA; Ipsos research and analysis

From 2010 to 2015, the sales volume of cigarettes in Hubei Province decreased slightly from approximately 73.8 billion sticks in 2010 to approximately 73.1 billion sticks in 2015 at a CAGR of-0.2%. The total sales value of cigarettes experienced growth from RMB26.4 billion in 2010 to RMB39.9 billion in 2015 at a CAGR of 8.6%. Both sales volume and sales value of cigarettes in Hubei Province are expected to increase over the forecast period. The sales volume is expected to increase to approximately 71.9 billion sticks in 2020 from 70.2 billion sticks in 2016 with a CAGR of 0.6%, while the sales value is expected to reach RMB47.9 billion in 2020 from RMB41.5 billion in 2016 at a CAGR of 3.7%. The increase in sales value can be attributed to the STMA’s promotion of mid to high-end cigarettes and consumers’ increasing preference for mid to high-end cigarettes driven by the increasing income level and higher purchasing power of consumers. Despite the decrease in sales volume of cigarettes in 2015 and 2016 due to the slowdown of the Chinese GDP growth and the rise in specific tax from 5% to 11% in 2015 imposed by the government, the sales volume and value of cigarettes are expected to have a stable growth from 2016 to 2020. At the provincial level, Yunnan and Hunan Provinces were the top two in terms of cigarette production volume in 2015, with approximately 390.4 billion sticks and 175.7 billion sticks, respectively. Additionally, the sales of cigarettes are subject to seasonal variations. In general, the first and third quarters are the peak seasons for cigarettes during the year, partly driven by festivals such as the Lunar New Year and the Mid-Autumn Festival.
# 9 Preparation

# Report Overview

This 2018 ESG Report of Hua Hong Semiconductor Limited (hereinafter referred to as “this Report”) disclosures its principles in fulfilling CSR and the work carried out in 2018. It mainly addresses our Stakeholders about the sustainable development regarding the relevant economic, environmental, and social issues.

# Reference Basis

This Report adopts the “Environmental, Social and Governance Reporting Guide” issued by the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited and the “Sustainability Reporting Standards (2016)” of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) as its reference basis.

# Scope of Report

<table><tr><td>Organizational scope:</td><td>The Company as defined. This Report by the Company, Hua Hong Semiconductor Limited, 
includes all subsidiaries of the Company.</td></tr><tr><td>Reporting period:</td><td>From 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2018</td></tr><tr><td>Release cycle:</td><td>This is an annual report</td></tr></table>

# Data Descriptions

Data and cases in this Report originate from the Company’s original records in day-to-day operation or financial reports. In case of discrepancies, the financial reports data shall prevail.

# 目錄

<table><tr><td>釋義</td><td>85</td></tr><tr><td>主要財務指標</td><td>88</td></tr><tr><td>致股東的信</td><td>89</td></tr><tr><td>公司資料</td><td>91</td></tr><tr><td>董事及高級管理層</td><td>94</td></tr><tr><td>企業管治報告</td><td>101</td></tr><tr><td>董事會報告</td><td>112</td></tr><tr><td>2018年環境、社會及管治報告</td><td>139</td></tr><tr><td>獨立核數師報告</td><td>167</td></tr><tr><td>綜合損益表</td><td>175</td></tr><tr><td>綜合全面收益表</td><td>176</td></tr><tr><td>綜合財務狀況表</td><td>177</td></tr><tr><td>綜合權益變動表</td><td>179</td></tr><tr><td>綜合現金流量表</td><td>181</td></tr><tr><td>財務報表附註</td><td>183</td></tr><tr><td>五年財務概覽</td><td>296</td></tr></table>
In 2021, the Senior Management of the Bank discussed the substantive assessment results of previous years and decided to continue using the substantive assessment results of previous years considering that there are no significant changes in the business and operating environment.

# Response to the UN SDG

The Bank actively responds to UN Sustainable Development Goals to contribute to the global SDG in implementing social responsibility strategies.

<table><tr><td colspan="2">SDG</td><td>Specific measures</td><td>Social    responsibility 
toipcs</td><td>Section(s)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"> cimonocE</td><td></td><td>Improve governance system
Equal emlpoyment and 
protect emlpoyees’ rihgts 
and interests 
Offer         reasonable 
professional development 
channels 
Provide strong support to 
real economy 
Support small and micro 
enterprises</td><td>Serve small and micro 
enterprises 
Favourable emlpoyment 
environment 
Promote   professional 
development 
Improve      business 
performance 
Overall risk management</td><td>Optimising 
corporate 
governance 
Serving    private, 
small and micro 
enterprises 
Facilitating   rural 
revitalisation 
Driving emerging 
industries 
Broadening career 
channels</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Diigtisation 
Support       economic 
transformation 
Serve agriculture, rural areas 
and farmers 
Boost         infrastructure 
construction</td><td>Promote     economic 
development 
Improve real economy 
Build intelligent outlets 
Inclusive finance in rural 
areas</td><td>Serving    private, 
small and micro 
enterprises 
Facilitating   rural 
revitalisation 
Driving emerging 
industries 
Supporting 
projects for public 
benefits</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"> laicoS</td><td></td><td>Conduct targeted poverty 
alleviation in an efficient and 
orderly way 
Boost         infrastructure 
construction</td><td>Practice targeted poverty 
relief 
Inclusive finance in rural 
areas</td><td>Facilitating   rural 
revitalisation 
Supporting 
projects for public 
benefits</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Create a healthy working 
environment 
Care about emlpoyees’ 
hillhpysca and menta ealth</td><td>Safety        protection 
measures 
Pay attention to health 
and safety</td><td>Caring        for 
emlpoyees’ 
hilpysca       and 
mental health 
Building a warm 
and   family-like 
corporate culture</td></tr></table>
An analysis of revenue by segment is as follows:

<table><tr><td rowspan="3">Products by industry</td><td colspan="2">Year ended 31 December</td></tr><tr><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>(RMB’000)</td><td>(RMB’000)</td></tr><tr><td>Design, survey and consultancy</td><td>3,514,181</td><td>2,976,736</td></tr><tr><td>Construction contracting</td><td>3,671,965</td><td>3,995,809</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>7,186,146</td><td>6,972,545</td></tr></table>

# DESIGN, SURVEY AND CONSULTANCY SEGMENT

The design, survey and consultancy segment includes design, survey and consultancy services for urban rail transit construction as well as industrial and civil construction and municipal administration. The design, survey and consultancy segment has been the traditional and core business of the Group. In 2018, in the unfavorable context of slowdown in investment in rail transit, the Group intensively developed existing markets by fully utilizing the technical advantages in the industry, consolidated its dominant status in urban rail transit design, properly performed existing contracts and focused on following up state-level new areas and third-tire and fourth-tire cities, and expanded its business into 65 domestic and overseas cities, and improved the influence of its urban construction brand. In 2018, tenders for new rail transit lines were launched in only 14 cities in rail transit industry across the nation, but the Company still won the bids for a total of 6 overall design projects in Beijing, Chongqing, Xi’an, Delingha and Hangzhou, and maintained the largest market share in the industry.

For the year ended 31 December 2018, the design, survey and consultancy segment of the Group achieved a revenue of RMB3,514 million, representing an increase of RMB537 million or 18.04% compared to RMB2,977 million for the corresponding period in 2017. Among which, the revenue of the urban rail transit construction business amounted to RMB2,848 million, representing an increase of RMB330 million or 13.11% compared to RMB2,518 million for the corresponding period of last year. The revenue of the industrial and civil construction and municipal construction business amounted to RMB666 million, representing an increase of RMB207 million or 45.10% compared to RMB459 million for the corresponding period of last year.

Revenue distribution of the design, survey and consultancy segment

# CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTING SEGMENT

The construction contracting segment of the Group focuses on the services for urban rail transit construction projects and relevant infrastructure construction projects. The construction contracting projects undertaken by the Group covered cities, including Beijing, Kunming, Zunyi, Suzhou, Zhengzhou and Huangshan.
# UHS BEHAVIORAL HEALTH DIVISION

Strategic growth in the U.K. has expanded the reach of Cygnet Health Care Limited. Cygnet Hospital Stevenage, located north of London, is one of 21 Cygnet Health Care facilities with 1,100 patient beds serving residents of the U.K.

Last year, UHS acquired Alpha Hospitals, four behavioral health hospitals in the U.K. The facilities were an excellent fit geographically and complemented the services provided at our Cygnet Health Care Limited hospitals, acquired one year earlier. The Division now operates 21 hospitals in the U.K., with 1,100 beds.

UHS continued its strategy to enhance mental health care in the United States through acquisitions, organic growth and strategic alliances.

Specifically, Foundations Recovery Network, a premier provider of addiction treatment, will strengthen our services with four residential treatment facilities and eight outpatient centers that treat co-occurring addiction and mental health disorders. UHS will utilize Foundations Recovery Network’s specialty direct to consumer marketing, national sales team, web-based marketing, and call center to support the growth of our specialty eating disorders, trauma, autism and neuropsychiatry programs.

Organic growth in the division contributed to the addition of 344 new beds in key markets. Fremont Hospital in California added 52 beds, including an eating disorder and women’s trauma care program. Forest View Hospital in Michigan and Palo Verde Behavioral Health in Arizona both expanded adolescent and adult beds and Newport News Behavioral Health Center opened its first acute inpatient psychiatric beds to serve children and adolescents in Virginia.

To meet the aging population’s increased demand for services in its community, The BridgeWay in Arkansas added a 20-bed senior care unit. Other expansion projects included the conversion of 18 acute beds to an “Extended Acute Care Unit” (EAC) at Brooke Glen Behavioral Hospital in Pennsylvania and 16 beds from residential treatment to acute care services at Brynn Marr Hospital in North Carolina.

Construction of a new, 80-bed acute behavioral health hospital in Stuart, Florida is underway and scheduled for completion in 2016.

# CREATING STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS TO ADDRESS COMMUNITY BEHAVIORAL HEALTH NEEDS

Nationally, health systems identify the need to collaborate with specialty behavioral health providers to deliver mental health services. UHS Behavioral Health Integration Solutions, our new line of business, leverages our expertise and resources to develop mutually beneficial strategic partnerships with healthcare systems. During the year, key relationships were established creating access to quality mental health programs and services while reducing unnecessary emergency department use, lowering readmission rates, improving outcomes and increasing patient satisfaction.

The Canyon in Malibu, California is an exclusive co-occurring residential treatment program acquired as part of the Foundations Recovery Network purchase. Four residential treatment facilities and eight outpatient centers were added in Georgia, California and Tennessee.
# Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is about making intelligent digitally-enabled and connected products. The falling costs of key infrastructure and the proliferation of consumer and enterprise user applications have proven a catalyst.

During 2015-17, companies announced \$98 billion worth of M&A deals in this segment. IoT also attracted \$3.5 billion in CVC investments, spread across all the major sectors. Such investments point towards a burgeoning IoT ecosystem that includes wearables, sensors, infrastructure and smart products across many sectors, including smart utilities, connected home, industrial IoT, connected health and automobiles.

Amazon acquired Ring, maker of smart home doorbells, cameras, and security systems

# Robotics and Drones

Signi cant advances in new materials, computing and battery power as well as the rapid growth in both industrial and consumer applications is stimulating investment in robotics. These investments range from industrial automation and drones to service process automation.

The robotics segment received nearly \$7 billion worth of M&A investments, seven times more than the \$1 billion corporate venture investments in this segment. M&A was dominated by technology and industrials. Corporate venture investments in this segment came from a range of non-tech sectors, such as industrials, media and consumer business.

M&A by Sector

(By deal volumes)

Boeing acquired Aurora Flight Sciences, developer and manufacturer of advanced aerospace platforms and autonomous drone systems
the industry appears to be poised on the brink of a series of lurches and halts in performance improvements through concurrent execution and tool imple-mentation changes during which code bases will need to be modernized to operate correctly and securely.

Unfortunately, developing concurrent systems remains difficult and error prone for the vast majority of programmers; we still lack a programming model that enables the widespread adoption of concurrency. With the pos-sible exception of lambdas in C++, the approaches to multithreading adopted by the C and C++ standards are largely the same approaches that developers have struggled with for years without success. The application development and programming language development communities are well aware of this issue and have proposed many solutions such as Cilk, Intel Threading Build-ing Blocks, OpenMP, QtConcurrent, and so forth. There is limited experience with these various approaches. To date, no cost-effective solution appears to solve the fundamental problem that programmers have difficulty reasoning about concurrency.

So what happens when the increased pressure to adopt concurrency encounters the inability of developers to program concurrently? Expressed lightly, hilarity ensues. Concurrency is likely to be the source of a large num-ber of vulnerabilities in the years to come as we struggle to discover which approaches will succeed and which will be left by the wayside.

# 8

# File I/O

# with David Riley and David Svoboda1

But, when I came,—some minute ere the time Of her awakening,—here untimely lay The noble Paris and true Romeo, dead.

—William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, act V, scene 3

C and C++ programs commonly read and write to files as part of their nor-mal operations. Numerous vulnerabilities have resulted from irregularities in how these programs interact with the file system—the operation of which is defined by the underlying operating system. Most commonly, these vulnerabil-ities result from file identification issues, poor privilege management, and race conditions. Each of these topics is discussed in this chapter.

# ■ 8.1 File I/O Basics

Performing file I/O securely can be a daunting task, partly because there is so much variability in interfaces, operating systems, and file systems. For exam-ple, both the C and POSIX standards define separate interfaces for performing

---

1. David Riley is a professor of computer science at the University of Wisconsin–LaCrosse. David Svoboda is a member of the technical staff for the SEI’s CERT.
# 36. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

# (c) Total cash outflow for leases

The total cash outflow for leases included in the statement of cash flows is as follows:

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>RMB’000</td><td>RMB’000</td></tr><tr><td>Within financing activities</td><td>(3,558)</td><td>(7,333)</td></tr></table>

# 37. CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

At the end of the reporting period, contingent liabilities not provided for in the financial statements were as follows:

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>RMB’000</td><td>RMB’000</td></tr><tr><td>Guarantees given to a bank in connection with loans 
granted to an associate</td><td>15,100</td><td>33,500</td></tr><tr><td>Counter-guarantees given to a security company 
in connection with loans granted to a subsidiary</td><td>6,000</td><td>3,000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>21,100</td><td>36,500</td></tr></table>

As at 31 December 2020, the banking facilities guaranteed by the Group to Sinofn Tianjin were utilised to the extent of approximately RMB15,100,000 (2019: RMB33,500,000).

# 38. PLEDGE OF ASSETS

Details of the Group’s assets pledged for the Group’s bank and other loans are included in note 13 to the financial statements.

# 39. COMMITMENTS

# (a) The Group had the following capital commitments at the end of the reporting period:

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>RMB’000</td><td>RMB’000</td></tr><tr><td>Contracted, but not provided for:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Know-how, patents and license</td><td>1,900</td><td>1,400</td></tr></table>

On 9 December 2004, the Company and its substantial shareholder, IBP, entered into an exclusive technology licensing agreement (the “Licensing Agreement”) with regard to the production of diagnostic reagents by employing the technologies owned by IBP (the “Reagent Technologies”). Pursuant to the Licensing Agreement, the Company is required to pay a fee of RMB500,000 per annum to IBP for 20 years, commencing on the effective date of the Licensing Agreement. As at 31 December 2020, the technical service fees payable by the Group of RMB2,500,000 (31 December 2019: RMB2,000,000) were included in the amount due to a shareholder in note 28(c) to the financial statements.

In addition, the Group’s share of the joint ventures’ own capital commitments, which are not included in the above, is as follows:

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>RMB’000</td><td>RMB’000</td></tr><tr><td>Contracted, but not provided for</td><td>20,084</td><td>5,100</td></tr></table>

(b) The Group has various lease contracts that have not yet commenced as at 31 December 2020. The future lease payments for these non-cancellable lease contracts are RMB3 million due within one year and RMB11 million due in the second to fifth years.
# Contingent liabilities

At the end of the Reporting Period, the Group had no significant contingent liabilities.

# Commitments

At the end of the Reporting Period, there were no significant capital commitments for the Group.

# Charges on group assets

Assets with a carrying value of approximately HK\$37,174,000 were pledged as security for the Group’s banking facilities.

# Treasury policies

The Directors will continue to follow a prudent policy in managing the Group’s cash balances and maintain a strong and healthy liquidity to ensure that the Group is well placed to take advantage of growth opportunities for the business. Interest for the current bank borrowings were mainly on floating rate basis and the bank borrowings were principally denominated in Hong Kong dollar, hence, there is no significant exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations.

# Exchange risk exposure

The Group’s foreign exchange risk mainly arises from balances denominated in Renminbi, which relates to the Group’s foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities for the Group’s operating activities.

The Group currently does not have a foreign currency hedging policy to eliminate the currency exposures. However, the management monitors the related foreign currency exposure closely and will consider hedging significant foreign currency exposures should the need arise.

# Capital structure of the Group

There is no change in capital structure of the Group during the year ended 31 March 2020.

# PROSPECTS

# (i) Construction Business

The Group will uphold an on-going parallel development of its construction business (including building construction, interior fitting-out works and E&M works) in the PRC, Hong Kong and Macau. To cope with the difficulties encountered in the construction and engineering industry, the Group has adopted a prudent strategy in project tendering.

With its proven track records and adequate expertise in the main contracting business, the Group was included in Building Category Group C of the “List of Approved Contractors for Public Works”, and Turn-key Interior Design and Fitting-out Works Category Group II of the “List of Approved Suppliers of Materials and Specialist Contractors for Public Works” under Development Bureau of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (the “HKSAR”); the Registered General Building Contractor, the Minor Works Class I Contractor, the Registered Specialist Contractor (Site Formation Works and Foundation Works Categories) under the Buildings Department.

In the E&M works, the Group was included in 11 categories of the “List of Approved Suppliers of Materials and Specialist Contractors for Public Works” under Development Bureau of the Government of the HKSAR; and the Registered Specialist Contractor (Ventilation) and Minor Works Class III Type E Contractor under Building Department.

The Group is able to take an active part in the construction business development.