Physical layer - wikipedia Physical layer This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( October 2009 ) OSI model by layer 7. Application layer NNTP SIP SSI DNS FTP Gopher HTTP NFS NTP SMPP SMTP SNMP Telnet DHCP Netconf more... 6. Presentation layer MIME XDR ASN. 1 5. Session layer Named pipe NetBIOS SAP PPTP RTP SOCKS SPDY 4. Transport layer TCP UDP SCTP DCCP SPX 3. Network layer IP IPv4 IPv6 ICMP IPsec IGMP IPX AppleTalk X. 25 PLP 2. Data link layer ATM ARP IS - IS SDLC HDLC CSLIP SLIP GFP PLIP IEEE 802.2 LLC MAC L2TP IEEE 802.3 Frame Relay ITU - T G.hn DLL PPP X. 25 LAPB Q. 921 LAPD Q. 922 LAPF 1. Physical layer EIA / TIA - 232 EIA / TIA - 449 ITU - T V - Series I. 430 I. 431 PDH SONET / SDH PON OTN DSL IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15 IEEE 802.16 IEEE 1394 ITU - T G.hn PHY USB Bluetooth RS - 232 RS - 449 In the seven - layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer or layer 1 is the first and lowest layer. This layer may be implemented by a PHY chip. The physical layer consists of the electronic circuit transmission technologies of a network. It is a fundamental layer underlying the higher level functions in a network. Due to the plethora of available hardware technologies with widely varying characteristics, this is perhaps the most complex layer in the OSI architecture. The physical layer defines the means of transmitting raw bits rather than logical data packets over a physical data link connecting network nodes. The bitstream may be grouped into code words or symbols and converted to a physical signal that is transmitted over a transmission medium. The physical layer provides an electrical, mechanical, and procedural interface to the transmission medium. The shapes and properties of the electrical connectors, the frequencies to broadcast on, the line code to use and similar low - level parameters, are specified here. Within the semantics of the OSI model, the physical layer translates logical communications requests from the data link layer into hardware - specific operations to cause transmission or reception of electronic signals. Contents 1 Physical signaling sublayer 2 Relation to Internet Protocol 3 List of services 4 Technologies 5 Network equipment 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Physical signaling sublayer In a local area network ( LAN ) or a metropolitan area network ( MAN ) using Open Systems Interconnection ( OSI ) architecture, the physical signaling sublayer is the portion of the physical layer that : interfaces with the data link layer 's medium access control ( MAC ) sublayer, performs character encoding, transmission, reception and decoding and, performs galvanic isolation. Relation to Internet protocol The Internet protocol suite, defined in RFC 1122 and RFC 1123, is a high - level networking description used for the Internet and similar networks. It does not define an equivalent layer that deals exclusively with hardware - level specifications and interfaces, as this model does not concern itself directly with physical interfaces. Several RFCs mention a physical layer and data link layer, but that is in the context of IEEE protocols. RFC 1122 and 1123 do not mention any physical layer functionality or physical layer standards. List of services This section is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this section to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. ( October 2017 ) The major functions and services performed by the physical layer are : Bit - by - bit or symbol - by - symbol delivery Providing a standardized interface to a physical transmission medium, including Mechanical specification of electrical connectors and cables, for example maximum cable length Electrical specification of transmission line signal level and impedance Radio interface, including electromagnetic spectrum frequency allocation and specification of signal strength, analog bandwidth, etc. Specifications for IR over optical fiber or a wireless IR communication link Modulation Line coding Bit synchronization in synchronous serial communication Start - stop signalling and flow control in asynchronous serial communication Circuit switching Multiplexing Establishment and termination of circuit switched connections Carrier sense and collision detection utilized by some level 2 multiple access protocols Equalization filtering, training sequences, pulse shaping and other signal processing of physical signals Forward error correction for example bitwise convolutional coding Bit - interleaving and other channel coding The physical layer is also concerned with : Bit rate Point - to - point, multipoint or point - to - multipoint line configuration Physical network topology, for example bus, ring, mesh or star network Serial or parallel communication Simplex, half duplex or full duplex transmission mode Autonegotiation Technologies The following technologies provide physical layer services : 1 - Wire ARINC 818 Avionics Digital Video Bus Bluetooth physical layer CAN bus ( controller area network ) physical layer DSL EIA RS - 232, EIA - 422, EIA - 423, RS - 449, RS - 485 Etherloop Ethernet physical layer Including 10BASE - T, 10BASE2, 10BASE5, 100BASE - TX, 100BASE - FX, 100BASE - T, 1000BASE - T, 1000BASE - SX and other varieties GSM Um air interface physical layer G.hn/G.9960 physical layer I2C, I2S IEEE 1394 interface ISDN IRDA physical layer ITU Recommendations : see ITU - T Mobile Industry Processor Interface physical layer Modulated ultrasound Optical Transport Network ( OTN ) SPI SMB SONET / SDH T1 and other T - carrier links, and E1 and other E-carrier links TransferJet physical layer USB physical layer Telephone network modems -- V. 92 Varieties of 802.11 Wi - Fi physical layers X10 Network equipment The following network equipment provides physical layer services : Network interface controller Repeater Ethernet hub Modem Fiber media converter See also Clock recovery Data transmission Digital modulation Line code Pulse shaping Bit synchronization Channel model References Jump up ^ Banzal, Shashi ( 2007 ). Data and Computer Network Communication. Firewall Media. p. 41. Jump up ^ Iyengar, Shisharama ( 2010 ). Fundamentals of Sensor Network Programming. Wiley. p. 136. Jump up ^ This article incorporates public domain material from the General Services Administration document `` Federal Standard 1037C ''. Jump up ^ `` physical signaling sublayer ( PLS ) ''. Retrieved 2011 - 07 - 29. Jump up ^ Bertsekas, Dimitri ; Gallager, Robert ( 1992 ). Data Networks. Prentice Hall. p. 61. ISBN 0 - 13 - 200916 - 1. External links Gorry Fairhurst ( 2001 - 01 - 01 ). `` Physical Layer ''. Archived from the original on 2009 - 06 - 18. Physical Layer ( Layer 1 ) 10G Layer 1 Walkthrough 5G Layer 2 Walltrough Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical_layer&oldid=838086348 '' Categories : OSI model Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Federal Standard 1037C Articles needing additional references from October 2009 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017 Articles needing cleanup from October 2017 All pages needing cleanup Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from October 2017 Pages using RFC magic links Talk Contents About Wikipedia Беларуская Български Català Čeština Dansk Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Қазақша Latviešu Magyar Македонски Bahasa Melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Português Română Русский Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Basa Sunda Svenska Türkçe Українська 吴语 中文 30 more Edit links This page was last edited on 24 April 2018, at 20 : 52. 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Question: which layer of the osi model handles physical addressing
Answer: physical layer or layer 1