District courts of India - wikipedia District courts of India Coordinates : 22 ° 02 ′ 10 '' N 74 ° 54 ′ 02 '' E ﻿ / ﻿ 22.036 ° N 74.9005 ° E ﻿ / 22.036 ; 74.9005 This article needs attention from an expert in India or Politics. Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article. WikiProject India or WikiProject Politics may be able to help recruit an expert. ( February 2009 ) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( July 2007 ) This article is part of a series on Judiciary of India Law of India Administration Ministry of Law and Justice Department of Legal Affairs Legislative Department Department of Justice Law Commission of India Civil courts Supreme Court of India Chief Justice of India Judges of the supreme court High courts in India Chief justices of high courts in India Judges of high courts District courts / additional district judge 's courts Civil judge ( sr. division ) 's courts Civil judge ( jr. division ) 's courts Criminal courts Supreme Court of India Chief Justice of India Judges of the supreme court High courts in India Chief justices of high courts in India Judges of high courts Session courts / courts of additional sessions judge Courts of assistant sessions judges Chief judicial magistrates Additional chief judicial magistrates Chief metropolitan magistrates Judicial magistrate of first classs / metropolitan magistrates Special judicial magistrates Judicial magistrate of second classs Courts of executive magistrates Divisional commissioners District magistrates Additional district magistrates Sub-divisional magistrates Special executive magistrates Legal profession Bar Council Attorney General of India Solicitor General of India Additional solicitors general Advocates in India All India Bar Examination Legal education Legal education in India Autonomous law schools in India List of law schools in India The District Courts ( Hindi : ज़िला न्यायालय ) of India are the district courts of the State governments in India for every district or for one or more districts together taking into account the number of cases, population distribution in the district. They administer justice in India at a district level. Contents 1 Composition of district courts 2 Appointment and removal 3 Jurisdiction 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Composition of district courts A court complex at Guntur The highest court in each district is that of the District and Sessions Judge. This is the principal court of original civil jurisdiction besides the High Court of the State and which derives its jurisdiction in civil matters primarily from the code of civil procedure. The district court is also a court of Sessions when it exercises its jurisdiction on criminal matters under the Code of Criminal procedure. The district court is presided over by one District Judge appointed by the state Governor with on the advice of state chief justice In addition to the district judge there may be a number of Additional District Judges and Assistant District Judges depending on the workload. The Additional District Judge and the court presided have equivalent jurisdiction as the District Judge and his district court. However, the district judge has supervisory control over Additional and Assistant District Judges, including decisions on the allocation of work among them. The District and Sessions judge is often referred to as `` district judge '' when he presides over civil matters and `` sessions judge '' when he presides over criminal matters. Being the highest judge at district level, the District Judge also enjoys the power to manage the state funds allocated for the development of judiciary in the district. The district judge is also called `` metropolitan session judge '' when he is presiding over a district court in a city which is designated `` metropolitan area '' by the state. Other courts subordinated to district court in the metropolitan area are also referred to with `` metropolitan '' prefixed to the usual designation. An area is designated a metropolitan area by the concerned state Government if population of the area exceeds one million or more than that. Appointment and removal The judges of subordinate courts are appointed by the Governor in consultation with the chief justice of the High Court of the concerned State. A minimum of seven years of practise as a lawyer at bar is a necessary qualification for direct entry level to become a District Judge upon a written examination and oral interview by a committee of High court judges, the appointment of district judges is notified by the state Government. This is referred to as direct recruitment. District judges are also appointed by way of elevation of judges from courts subordinate to district courts provided they fulfill the minimum years of service but unfortunately the entry level district judge exams have caused the judges on the lower rungs of the Judiciary to become lax as their chances of filling up posts for the work they had done may never fructify to promotions because of posts later being filled up by lawyers directly becoming district judges. The next level of ascendancy for a district judge who served sufficient number of years is the post of High court judge. High court Judges are usually appointed from a pool of advocates practicing at the Bar of the High court and District Judges who served for sufficient number of years. This has also caused District Judges to wane in their efficiency as they have come to realize that elevation of lawyers directly to High Court Judges dampens their process of being awarded with promotions for the work they 've put in over many years of service. A district judge or Additional judge may be removed from his office by the governor on conformation from the high court collegiam. Jurisdiction The District Court or Additional District court exercises jurisdiction both on original side and appellate side in civil and criminal matters arising in the District. The territorial and pecuniary jurisdiction in civil matters is usually set in concerned state enactments on the subject of civil courts. On the criminal side, jurisdiction is exclusively derived from the criminal procedure code. As per this code the maximum sentence a Sessions Judge of district court may award to a convict is capital punishment. The district court has appellate jurisdiction over all subordinate courts situated in the district on both civil and criminal matters. Subordinate courts, on the civil side ( in ascending order ) are, Junior Civil Judge ( JCJ ) Court, Principal Junior Civil Judge Court, Senior Civil Judge Court ( also called sub-court ). Subordinate courts, on the criminal side ( in ascending order ) are, Second Class Judicial Magistrate Court, First Class Judicial Magistrate Court, Chief Judicial Magistrate Court. Certain matters on criminal side or civil side can not be tried by a lesser court than a district court. This gives the District Court original jurisdiction in such matters. Appeals from the district courts lie to the High Court of the concerned state. See also District Munsiff Court Sessions Court Delhi District Courts Nyaya Panchayat References Jump up ^ `` District Courts of India - official website ''. Archived from the original on January 22, 2013. Retrieved March 16, 2012. Jump up ^ `` CrPc - Section 10 - Subordination of Assistant Sessions Judges ''. indiankanoon.org. Retrieved March 16, 2012. Jump up ^ `` CrPc Section 8 - Metropolitan areas ''. indiankanoon.org. Retrieved March 16, 2012. Jump up ^ http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/JCJ-selection-plea-seeking-review-of-HC-order-dismissed/article13974437.ece External links District Court websites E-courts India District Courts of India, official website Delhi District Courts, official website Maharashtra District Courts, official website Judiciary of India Supreme Court Supreme Court of India Chief Justice of India List of Chief Justices of India List of sitting judges High Courts High Courts of India Chief Justices of High Courts of India District Courts District Courts of India List of district courts of India Judicial Magistrate of First Class Courts of Judicial Magistrate of First Class Gram Nyayalayas Judicial Magistrate of Second Class Courts of Judicial Magistrate of Second Class Constitution Constitution of India Law of India Indian Penal Code Appointment of Judges National Judicial Appointments Commission Collegium System Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=District_Courts_of_India&oldid=831671446 '' Categories : Judiciary of India District Courts of India Hidden categories : Coordinates on Wikidata Articles needing expert attention with no reason or talk parameter Articles needing expert attention from February 2009 All articles needing expert attention India articles needing expert attention Politics articles needing expert attention Articles needing additional references from July 2007 All articles needing additional references Talk Contents About Wikipedia हिन्दी தமிழ் Edit links This page was last edited on 21 March 2018, at 18 : 20. 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Question: who presides over the highest criminal court in a district
Answer: one District Judge appointed by the state Governor; District Judge