Four Marks of the Church - wikipedia Four Marks of the Church Part of a series on the History of Christian theology Background Theology Early Christianity Timeline History of Christianity Ecclesiastical polity Trinitarianism Nontrinitarianism Restorationism Christology Mariology Biblical canon Deuterocanonical books Ecumenical Creeds Apostles ' Nicene Chalcedonian Athanasian Patristics and Councils Church Fathers Augustine Nicaea Ephesus Chalcedon Post-Nicene development Heresy Monophysitism Monothelitism Iconoclasm Gregory I Alcuin Photios East -- West Schism Scholasticism Aquinas Anselm Palamas Reformation Reformation Luther Melanchthon Indulgences Justification Five solae 95 Theses Book of Concord Predestination Calvinism Arminianism English Reformation Counter-Reformation Trent Since the Reformation Pietism John Wesley Great Awakenings Holiness movement Restoration Movement Existentialism Liberalism Modernism in the Catholic Church Postmodernism Vatican II Radical orthodoxy Hermeneutics Liberation theology Christian anarchism Christianity portal Icon depicting the Emperor Constantine, accompanied by the bishops of the First Council of Nicaea ( 325 A.D. ), holding the Niceno -- Constantinopolitan Creed of 381. The Four Marks of the Church, also known as the Attributes of the Church, is a term describing four distinctive adjectives -- `` One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic '' -- of traditional Christian ecclesiology as expressed in the Nicene - Constantinopolitan Creed completed at the First Council of Constantinople in AD 381 : `` ( I believe ) in one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church. '' This ecumenical creed is today recited in the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church ( both Latin and Eastern Rites ), the Eastern Orthodox Churches, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Church of the East, the Moravian Church, the Lutheran Churches, the Methodist Churches, the Anglican Communion, the Reformed Churches, and other Christian denominations. While specific doctrines, based on both tradition and different interpretations of the Bible, distinguish one denomination from another, largely explaining why there are so many different ones, the Four Marks, when defined the same way, represent a summary of what many clerical authorities have historically considered to be the most important affirmations of the Christian faith. Contents 1 History 2 Marks 2.1 One 2.2 Holy 2.3 Catholic 2.4 Apostolic 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading History The ideas behind the Four Marks have been in the Christian Church since early Christianity. Allusions to them can be found in the writings of 2nd century early Church Father and bishop, Ignatius of Antioch. They were not established in doctrine until the First Council of Constantinople in 381 as an antidote to certain heresies that had crept into the Church in its early history. There the Council elaborated on the Nicene Creed, established by the First Council of Nicea 56 years before by adding to the end a section that included the affirmation : `` ( We believe ) in one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church. '' The phrase has remained in versions of the Nicene Creed to this day. In some languages, for example, German, the Latin `` catholica '' was substituted by `` Christian '' before the Reformation, though this was an anomaly and continues in use by some Protestant churches today. Hence, `` holy catholic '' becomes `` holy Christian. '' Roman Catholics believe the description `` one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church '' to be applicable only to the Roman Catholic Church. They hold that `` Christ established here on earth only one Church '' and they believe in `` the full identity of the Church of Christ with the Catholic Church ''. While `` there are numerous elements of sanctification and of truth which are found outside her structure '', these, `` as gifts properly belonging to the Church of Christ, impel towards Catholic Unity ''. The eastern Churches not in full communion with the Catholic Church thereby `` lack something in their condition as particular Churches ''. The communities born out of the 16th - century Protestant Reformation `` do not enjoy apostolic succession in the sacrament of Orders, and are, therefore, deprived of a constituent element of the Church. '' The Eastern Orthodox Church, in disagreement with the Roman Catholic, regards itself as the historical and organic continuation of the original Church founded by Christ and his apostles. The Oriental Orthodox Church disagrees with both and claims to be the historical and organic continuation of the original Church founded by Christ and his apostles, the `` One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic '' Church of the ancient Christian creeds and the only Church that has always kept the true Christology and faith declared by the first three councils, Nicaea, Constantinople, and Ephesus affirmed by the Church Fathers and the Holy Tradition. The Augsburg Confession found within the Book of Concord, a compendium of belief of the Lutheran Churches, teaches that `` the faith as confessed by Luther and his followers is nothing new, but the true catholic faith, and that their churches represent the true catholic or universal church ''. When the Lutherans presented the Augsburg Confession to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor in 1530, they believe to have `` showed that each article of faith and practice was true first of all to Holy Scripture, and then also to the teaching of the church fathers and the councils ''. As such, the Lutheran Churches traditionally hold that theirs represents the true visible Church. Marks One See also : Christendom `` There is one body and one Spirit just as you were called to the one hope that belongs to your call one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all ''. This list in the Pauline letters of factors making Christians one body, one church, is doubtless not meant to be exhaustive, says Francis Aloysius Sullivan, but it affirms the oneness of the body, the church, through what Christians have in common, what they have communion in. Elsewhere, Paul the Apostle says : `` There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is no male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus '' ( Gal. 3 : 28 ). This statement was about Christians as individuals, but it applied to them also as groups, as local churches, whether composed mainly of Jewish or Gentile Christians. In 1 Cor. 15 : 9, Paul spoke of himself as having persecuted `` the church of God '', not just the local church in Jerusalem but the same church that he addresses at the beginning of that letter as `` the church of God that is in Corinth '' ( 1 Cor. 1 : 2 ). In the same letter, he tells Christians : `` You are the body of Christ and individually members of it '' ( 1 Cor. 12 : 27 ), and declares that, `` just as the body is one and has many members, and all the members of the body, though many, are one body, so it is with Christ '' ( 1 Cor. 12 : 12 ). Holy Main article : Sanctity The word holy means set apart for a special purpose by and for God. It does not imply that the members of the Church are free from sin, nor that the institution of the Church can not sin. Christ 's Church is holy because it is Christ 's Church : ``... upon this rock, I will build my Church. '' Jesus founded his Church to continue his redemptive and sanctifying work in the world. Christians understand the holiness of the universal Church to derive from Christ 's holiness. And the Church is holy because God is Holy and the Church shares in God 's very own life and holiness. Catholic Further information : Catholic ( term ) and Catholicity Jesus drew near and said to them, `` I have been given all authority in heaven and on earth. Go, then, to all peoples everywhere and make them my disciples : baptize them in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, and teach them to obey everything I have commanded you. And I will be with you always, to the end of the age. '' -- Matthew 28 : 18 - 20 The word `` catholic '' is derived from the Greek adjective καθολικός ( katholikos ), meaning `` general '', `` universal ''. It is associated with the Greek adverb καθόλου ( katholou ), meaning `` according to the whole '', `` entirely '', or `` in general '', a combination of the preposition κατά meaning `` according to '' and the adjective ὅλος meaning `` whole ''. Applied to the church, the adjective `` catholic '' means that in the church the wholeness of the Christian faith, full and complete, all - embracing, and with nothing lacking, is proclaimed to all people without excluding any part of the faith or any class or group of people. The adjective can be applied not only to the church as spread throughout the world but also to each local manifestation of the church, in each of which nothing essential is lacking for it to be the genuine Church of Christ. For his subjects, Emperor Theodosius I restricted to believers in `` the one deity of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, in equal majesty and in a holy Trinity '' the term `` catholic christians '', and applied the name `` heretics '' to others ( Edict of Thessalonica of 27 February 380 ). In the following year 381, the First Council of Constantinople adopted the Niceno - Constantinopolitan Creed, expressing belief in `` one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church ''. Apostolic This describes the Church 's foundation and beliefs as rooted and continuing in the living Tradition of the Apostles of Jesus ( cf. the 1913 Webster 's Dictionary ). The Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, and the Church of the East, each claim to have preserved the original teaching of the apostles. They also have apostolic succession in that their bishops derive their authority through a direct line of laying on of hands from the apostles, a claim that they accept can be made by the other churches in this group. Many Lutheran Churches, such as the Church of Sweden, and the Anglican Communion likewise teach the doctrine of apostolic succession. Other Christian denominations, on the other hand, usually hold that what preserves apostolic continuity is the written word : as Milne put it, `` A church is apostolic as it recognizes in practice the supreme authority of the apostolic scriptures. '' See also First Council of Constantinople Marks of the Church Nicene Creed State church of the Roman Empire References Jump up ^ Greek : μία, ἁγία, καθολικὴ καὶ ἀποστολικὴ ἐκκλησία. Jump up ^ Louis Berkhof, Systematic Theology ( London : Banner of Truth, 1949 ), 572. Jump up ^ Scharper, Philip J. ( 1969 ). Meet the American Catholic. Broadman Press. p. 34. It is interesting to note, however, that the Nicene Creed, recited by Roman Catholics in their worship, is also accepted by millions of other Christians as a testimony of their faith -- Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Methodists, Lutherans, and members of many of the Reformed Churches. access - date = requires url = ( help ) Jump up ^ Creeds of Christendom Jump up ^ See footnote 12 in The Book of Concord, Translators Kolb, R. and Wengert, T. Augsburg Fortress, 2000, p. 22. ISBN 978 - 0 - 8006 - 2740 - 9 Jump up ^ For example, see Lutheran Service Book. Concordia Publishing House, 2006, p. 158. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7586 - 1217 - 5 Jump up ^ Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Responses to some questions regarding certain aspects of the doctrine of the Church Archived August 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Bishop Kallistos ( Ware ). The Orthodox Church. Penguin Books. ISBN 0 - 14 - 014656 - 3. p. 307 ^ Jump up to : Ludwig, Alan ( 12 September 2016 ). `` Luther 's Catholic Reformation ''. The Lutheran Witness. When the Lutherans presented the Augsburg Confession before Emperor Charles V in 1530, they carefully showed that each article of faith and practice was true first of all to Holy Scripture, and then also to the teaching of the church fathers and the councils and even the canon law of the Church of Rome. They boldly claim, `` This is about the Sum of our Doctrine, in which, as can be seen, there is nothing that varies from the Scriptures, or from the Church Catholic, or from the Church of Rome as known from its writers '' ( AC XXI Conclusion 1 ). The underlying thesis of the Augsburg Confession is that the faith as confessed by Luther and his followers is nothing new, but the true catholic faith, and that their churches represent the true catholic or universal church. In fact, it is actually the Church of Rome that has departed from the ancient faith and practice of the catholic church ( see AC XXIII 13, XXVIII 72 and other places ). Missing or empty url = ( help ) ; access - date = requires url = ( help ) Jump up ^ Frey, H. ( 1918 ). Is One Church as Good as Another ?. 37. The Lutheran Witness. pp. 82 -- 83. Jump up ^ Francis Aloysius Sullivan, The Church We Believe In ( Paulist Press 1988 ISBN 978 - 0 - 80913039 - 9 ), pp. 36 -- 38 Jump up ^ Ephesians 5 : 30 - 33 Jump up ^ Whitehead, Kenneth D. `` The Church of the Apostles, '' This Rock, March 1995. See article at ewtn.com Jump up ^ `` Catholic ''. Oxford English Dictionary ( 3rd ed. ). Oxford University Press. September 2005. ( Subscription or UK public library membership required. ) Jump up ^ ( cf. Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek - English Lexicon ) Jump up ^ `` Online Etymology Dictionary ''. Etymonline.com. Retrieved 2011 - 09 - 16. Jump up ^ `` On Being Catholic '', by Claire Anderson M. Div. Jump up ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church, 830 - 856 Archived April 7, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Pope Francis, Talk at General Audience of 9 October 2013 ^ Jump up to : Hopko, Thomas. `` The Orthodox Faith ''. oca.org. Orthodox Church in America. Retrieved 18 February 2015. Jump up ^ Jenson, Matt ; Wilhite, David ( 2010 ). The Church : A Guide for the Perplexed. A&C Black. pp. 70 -- 75. ISBN 9780567033376. Retrieved 18 February 2015. Jump up ^ Second Vatican Council. `` Decree Concerning the Pastoral Office of Bishops in the Church, Christus Dominus, 11 ''. Archived from the original on 2 August 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2015. Jump up ^ Henry Bettenson ( editor ), Documents of the Christian Church ( Oxford University Press 1970 ISBN 978 - 0 - 19501293 - 4 ), p. 22 Jump up ^ Cf. also an Armenian statement, a Roman Catholic statement. Jump up ^ Gassmann, Günther ; Larson, Duane Howard ; Oldenburg, Mark W. ( 2001 ). Historical Dictionary of Lutheranism,. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0810839458. Retrieved 11 November 2012. In addition to the primary understanding of succession, the Lutheran confessions do express openness, however, to the continuation of the succession of bishops. This is a narrower understanding of apostolic succession, to be affirmed under the condition that the bishops support the Gospel and are ready to ordain evangelical preachers. This form of succession, for example, was continued by the Church of Sweden ( which included Finland ) at the time of the Reformation. Jump up ^ Benedetto, Robert ; Duke, James O. ( 13 August 2008 ). The New Westminster Dictionary of Church History : The Early, Medieval, and Reformation Eras. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 594. ISBN 0664224164. Retrieved 10 June 2013. In Sweden the apostolic succession was preserved because the Catholic bishops were allowed to stay in office, but they had to approve changes in the ceremonies. Jump up ^ Bruce Milne, `` Know the Truth '' ( 2nd edition ). ( Nottingham : Inter-Varsity Press, 1998 ), 271. Further reading The Symbol of Faith by Father Thomas Hopko Four Marks of the Church by Kenneth D. Whitehead The Four Marks of the Church by Fr. William Saunders Marks of the Church by Loyola Press Catholic Church Index Outline History ( Timeline ) Jesus Holy Family Mary Joseph Apostles Early Christianity History of the papacy Ecumenical councils Missions Great Schism of East Crusades Great Schism of West Age of Discovery Protestant Reformation Council of Trent Counter-Reformation Catholic Church by country Vatican City index outline Second Vatican Council Hierarchy ( Precedence ) Pope ( List ) Pope Francis ( 2013 -- present ) conclave inauguration theology canonizations visits Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI ( 2005 -- 2013 ) Roman Curia College of Cardinals Cardinal List Patriarchate Episcopal conference Patriarch Major archbishop Primate Metropolitan Archbishop Diocesan bishop Coadjutor bishop Auxiliary bishop Titular bishop Bishop emeritus Abbot Abbess Superior general Provincial superior Grand Master Prior ( - ess ) Priest Brother Friar Sister Monk Nun Hermit Master of novices Novice Oblate Postulant Laity Theology Body and soul Bible Catechism Divine grace Dogma Ecclesiology Four Marks of the Church Original sin List Salvation Sermon on the Mount Ten Commandments Trinity Worship Mariology Assumption History Immaculate Conception Mariology of the popes Mariology of the saints Mother of God Perpetual virginity Veneration Philosophy Natural law Moral theology Personalism Social teaching Philosophers Sacraments Baptism Confirmation Eucharist Penance Anointing of the Sick Last rites Holy orders Matrimony Saints Mary Apostles Archangels Confessors Disciples Doctors of the Church Evangelists Church Fathers Martyrs Patriarchs Prophets Virgins Doctors of the Church Gregory the Great Ambrose Augustine of Hippo Jerome John Chrysostom Basil of Caesarea Gregory of Nazianzus Athanasius of Alexandria Cyril of Alexandria Cyril of Jerusalem John of Damascus Bede the Venerable Ephrem the Syrian Thomas Aquinas Bonaventure Anselm of Canterbury Isidore of Seville Peter Chrysologus Leo the Great Peter Damian Bernard of Clairvaux Hilary of Poitiers Alphonsus Liguori Francis de Sales Peter Canisius John of the Cross Robert Bellarmine Albertus Magnus Anthony of Padua Lawrence of Brindisi Teresa of Ávila Catherine of Siena Thérèse of Lisieux John of Ávila Hildegard of Bingen Gregory of Narek Institutes, orders, and societies Assumptionists Annonciades Augustinians Basilians Benedictines Bethlehemites Blue nuns Camaldoleses Camillians Carmelites Carthusians Cistercians Clarisses Conceptionists Crosiers Dominicans Franciscans Good Shepherd Sisters Hieronymites Jesuits Mercedarians Minims Olivetans Oratorians Piarists Premonstratensians Redemptorists Servites Theatines Trappists Trinitarians Visitandines Associations of the faithful International Federation of Catholic Parochial Youth Movements International Federation of Catholic Universities International Kolping Society Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement International Union of Catholic Esperantists Community of Sant'Egidio Charities Aid to the Church in Need Caritas Internationalis Catholic Home Missions Catholic Relief Services CIDSE Particular churches ( By country ) Latin Church Eastern Catholic Churches : Albanian Armenian Belarusian Bulgarian Chaldean Coptic Croatian and Serbian Eritrean Ethiopian Georgian Greek Hungarian Italo - Albanian Macedonian Maronite Melkite Romanian Russian Ruthenian Slovak Syriac Syro - Malabar Syro - Malankara Ukrainian Liturgical rites Alexandrian Antiochian Armenian Byzantine East Syrian Latin Anglican Use Ambrosian Mozarabic Roman West Syrian Catholicism portal Pope portal Vatican City portal Book Name Media Templates WikiProject Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Four_Marks_of_the_Church&oldid=837811164 '' Categories : Catholic theology and doctrine Christian terminology Ecclesiology Church Fathers Catholic ecclesiology Hidden categories : Articles containing Greek - language text Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL Webarchive template wayback links Pages using web citations with no URL Articles containing Ancient Greek - language text Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Español Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Kiswahili Latviešu Português Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi 中文 4 more Edit links This page was last edited on 23 April 2018, at 05 : 21. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia

Question: what is meant by the church is one
Answer: the oneness of the body, the church, through what Christians have in common, what they have communion in