Tricyclic antidepressant - wikipedia Tricyclic antidepressant Tricyclic antidepressant Drug class Chemical structure of the prototypical and first marketed tricyclic antidepressant imipramine. Notice its three rings. Class identifiers Chemical class Tricyclic External links MeSH D000929 In Wikidata Tricyclic antidepressants ( TCAs ) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants. TCAs were discovered in the early 1950s and were marketed later in the decade. They are named after their chemical structure, which contains three rings of atoms. Tetracyclic antidepressants ( TeCAs ), which contain four rings of atoms, are a closely related group of antidepressant compounds. Although TCAs are sometimes prescribed for depressive disorders, they have been largely replaced in clinical use in most parts of the world by newer antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ), serotonin -- norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs ) and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( NRIs ). Adverse effects have been found to be of a similar level between TCAs and SSRIs. Contents 1 Medical uses 1.1 Clinical depression 1.2 Attention - deficit hyperactivity disorder 1.3 Chronic pain 2 Side effects 2.1 Discontinuation 3 Overdose 4 Interactions 5 Pharmacology 5.1 Binding profiles 6 Chemistry 7 History 8 Society and culture 8.1 Recreational use 9 List of TCAs 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External links Medical Uses The TCAs are used primarily in the clinical treatment of mood disorders such as major depressive disorder ( MDD ), dysthymia, and treatment - resistant variants. They are also used in the treatment of a number of other medical disorders, including anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder ( GAD ), social phobia ( SP ) also known as social anxiety disorder ( SAD ), obsessive - compulsive disorder ( OCD ), and panic disorder ( PD ), post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ), body dysmorphic disorder ( BDD ), eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, certain personality disorders such as borderline personality disorder ( BPD ), Neurological disorders such as attention - deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ), Parkinson 's disease as well as chronic pain, neuralgia or neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia, headache, or migraine, smoking cessation, tourette syndrome, trichotillomania, irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ), interstitial cystitis ( IC ), nocturnal enuresis ( NE ), narcolepsy, insomnia, pathological crying and / or laughing, chronic hiccups, ciguatera poisoning, and as an adjunct in schizophrenia. Clinical depression For many years the TCAs were the first choice for pharmacological treatment of clinical depression. Although they are still considered to be highly effective, they have been increasingly replaced by antidepressants with an improved safety and side effect profile, such as the SSRIs and other newer antidepressants such as the novel reversible MAOI moclobemide. However, tricyclic antidepressants are possibly more effective in treating melancholic depression than other antidepressant drug classes. Newer antidepressants are thought to have fewer and less severe side effects and are also thought to be less likely to result in injury or death if used in a suicide attempt, as the doses required for clinical treatment and potentially lethal overdose ( see therapeutic index ) are far wider in comparison. Nonetheless, the TCAs are still occasionally used for treatment - resistant depression that has failed to respond to therapy with newer antidepressants. They are not considered addictive and are somewhat preferable to the monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs ). The side effects of the TCAs usually come to prominence before the therapeutic benefits against depression and / or anxiety do, and for this reason, they may potentially be somewhat dangerous, as volition can be increased, possibly giving the patient a greater desire to attempt or commit suicide. Attention - deficit hyperactivity disorder The TCAs were used in the past in the clinical treatment of ADHD, though they are not typically used anymore, having been replaced by more effective agents with fewer side effects such as atomoxetine ( Strattera, Tomoxetin, Attentin ) and stimulants like methylphenidate ( Ritalin, Focalin, Concerta ), and amphetamine ( Adderall, Dexedrine, Vyvanse ). ADHD is thought to be caused by an insufficiency of dopamine and norepinephrine activity in the prefrontal cortex of the brain. Most of the TCAs inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine, though not dopamine, and as a result, they show some efficacy in remedying the disorder. Notably, the TCAs are more effective in treating the behavioral aspects of ADHD than the cognitive deficits, as they help limit hyperactivity and impulsivity, but have little to no benefits on attention. Chronic pain The TCAs show efficacy in the clinical treatment of a number of different types of chronic pain, notably neuralgia or neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia. The precise mechanism of action in explanation of their analgesic efficacy is unclear, but it is thought that they indirectly modulate the opioid system in the brain downstream via serotonergic and noradrenergic neuromodulation, among other properties. They are also effective in migraine prophylaxis, though not in the instant relief of an acute migraine attack. They may also be effective to prevent chronic tension headaches. Side effects Many side effects may be related to the antimuscarinic properties of the TCAs. Such side effects are relatively common and may include dry mouth, dry nose, blurry vision, lowered gastrointestinal motility or constipation, urinary retention, cognitive and / or memory impairment, and increased body temperature. Other side effects may include drowsiness, anxiety, emotional blunting ( apathy / anhedonia ), confusion, restlessness, dizziness, akathisia, hypersensitivity, changes in appetite and weight, sweating, sexual dysfunction, muscle twitches, weakness, nausea and vomiting, hypotension, tachycardia, and rarely, irregular heart rhythms. Twitching, hallucinations, delirium and coma are also some of the toxic effects caused by overdose. Rhabdomyolysis or muscle breakdown has been rarely reported with this class of drugs as well. Tolerance to these adverse effects of these drugs often develops if treatment is continued. Side effects may also be less troublesome if treatment is initiated with low doses and then gradually increased, although this may also delay the beneficial effects. TCAs can behave like class 1A antiarrhythmics, as such, they can theoretically terminate ventricular fibrillation, decrease cardiac contractility and increase collateral blood circulation to ischemic heart muscle. Naturally, in overdose, they can be cardiotoxic, prolonging heart rhythms and increasing myocardial irritability. New research has also revealed compelling evidence of a link between long - term use of anticholinergic medications like TCAs and dementia. Although many studies have investigated this link, this was the first study to use a long - term approach ( over seven years ) to find that dementias associated with anticholinergics may not be reversible even years after drug use stops. Anticholinergic drugs block the action of acetylcholine, which transmits messages in the nervous system. In the brain, acetylcholine is involved in learning and memory. Discontinuation Antidepressants in general may produce a withdrawal. However, since the term `` withdrawal '' has been linked to addiction to recreational drugs like opioids, the medical profession and pharmaceutical public relations prefer that a different term be used, hence `` discontinuation syndrome. '' Discontinuation symptoms can be managed by a gradual reduction in dosage over a period of weeks or months to minimise symptoms. In tricyclics, discontinuation syndrome symptoms include anxiety, insomnia, headache, nausea, malaise, or motor disturbance. Overdose Main article : Tricyclic antidepressant overdose TCA overdose is a significant cause of fatal drug poisoning. The severe morbidity and mortality associated with these drugs is well documented due to their cardiovascular and neurological toxicity. Additionally, it is a serious problem in the pediatric population due to their inherent toxicity and the availability of these in the home when prescribed for bed - wetting and depression. In the event of a known or suspected overdose, medical assistance should be sought immediately. A number of treatments are effective in a TCA overdose. An overdose on TCA is especially fatal as it is rapidly absorbed from the GI tract in the alkaline conditions of the small intestines. As a result, toxicity often becomes apparent in the first hour after an overdose. However, symptoms may take several hours to appear if a mixed overdose has caused delayed gastric emptying. Many of the initial signs are those associated to the anticholinergic effects of TCAs such as dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, dizziness, and emesis ( or vomiting ). Due to the location of norepinephrine receptors all over the body, many physical signs are also associated with a TCA overdose : Anticholinergic effects : altered mental status ( e.g., agitation, confusion, lethargy, etc. ), resting sinus tachycardia, dry mouth, mydriasis ( pupil dilation ), fever Cardiac effects : hypertension ( early and transient, should not be treated ), tachycardia, orthostasis and hypotension, arrhythmias ( including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, most serious consequence ) / ECG changes ( prolonged QRS, QT, and PR intervals ) CNS effects : syncope, seizure, coma, myoclonus, hyperreflexia Pulmonary effects : hypoventilation resulting from CNS depression Gastrointestinal effects : decreased or absent bowel sounds Treatment of TCA overdose depends on severity of symptoms : Initially, gastric decontamination of the patient is achieved by administering, either orally or via a nasogastric tube, activated charcoal pre-mixed with water, which adsorbs the drug in the gastrointestinal tract ( most useful if given within 2 hours of drug ingestion ). Other decontamination methods such as stomach pumps, gastric lavage, whole bowel irrigation, or ( ipecac induced ) emesis, are not recommended in TCA poisoning. If there is metabolic acidosis, intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate is recommended by Toxbase.org, the UK and Ireland poisons advice database ( TCAs are protein bound and become less bound in more acidic conditions, so by reversing the acidosis, protein binding increases and bioavailability thus decreases -- the sodium load may also help to reverse the Na+ channel blocking effects of the TCA ). Interactions The TCAs are highly metabolised by the cytochrome P450 hepatic enzymes. Drugs that inhibit cytochrome P450 ( for example cimetidine, methylphenidate, fluoxetine, antipsychotics, and calcium channel blockers ) may produce decreases in the TCAs ' metabolism, leading to increases in their blood concentrations and accompanying toxicity. Drugs that prolong the QT interval including antiarrhythmics such as quinidine, the antihistamines astemizole and terfenadine, and some antipsychotics may increase the chance of ventricular dysrhythmias. TCAs may enhance the response to alcohol and the effects of barbiturates and other CNS depressants. Side effects may also be enhanced by other drugs that have antimuscarinic properties. Pharmacology The majority of the TCAs act primarily as SNRIs by blocking the serotonin transporter ( SERT ) and the norepinephrine transporter ( NET ), respectively, which results in an elevation of the synaptic concentrations of these neurotransmitters, and therefore an enhancement of neurotransmission. Notably, with the sole exception of amineptine, the TCAs have negligible affinity for the dopamine transporter ( DAT ), and therefore have no efficacy as dopamine reuptake inhibitors ( DRIs ). Both serotonin and norepinephrine have been highly implicated in depression and anxiety, and it has been shown that facilitation of their activity has beneficial effects on these mental disorders. In addition to their reuptake inhibition, many TCAs also have high affinity as antagonists at the 5 - HT ( 5 - HT and 5 - HT ), 5 - HT, 5 - HT, α - adrenergic, and NMDA receptors, and as agonists at the sigma receptors ( σ and σ ), some of which may contribute to their therapeutic efficacy, as well as their side effects. The TCAs also have varying but typically high affinity for antagonising the H and H histamine receptors, as well as the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. As a result, they also act as potent antihistamines and anticholinergics. These properties are often beneficial in antidepressants, especially with comorbid anxiety, as it provides a sedative effect. Most, if not all, of the TCAs also potently inhibit sodium channels and L - type calcium channels, and therefore act as sodium channel blockers and calcium channel blockers, respectively. The former property is responsible for the high mortality rate upon overdose seen with the TCAs via cardiotoxicity. It may also be involved in their efficacy as analgesics, however. Binding profiles See also : Tetracyclic antidepressant § Binding profiles The binding profiles of various TCAs and some metabolites in terms of their affinities ( K, nM ) for various receptors and transporters are as follows : Compound SERT NET DAT 5 - HT 5 - HT 5 - HT 5 - HT 5 - HT α α mACh σ σ Amineptine > 100,000 10,000 1,000 -- 1,400 > 100,000 74,000 ND ND ND > 100,000 > 100,000 > 100,000 ≥ 13,000 ND > 100,000 ND ND Amitriptyline 2.8 -- 4.3 19 -- 35 3,250 ≥ 450 18 -- 23 4.0 65 -- 141 93 -- 123 4.4 -- 24 114 -- 690 196 -- 1,460 0.5 -- 1.1 66 9.6 300 ND Amoxapine 58 16 4,310 ND 0.5 2.0 6.0 -- 50 41 50 2,600 3.6 -- 160 7.9 -- 25 ND 1,000 ND ND Butriptyline ≥ 1,360 5,100 3,940 7,000 380 ND ND ND 570 4,800 ND 1.1 ND 35 ND ND Clomipramine 0.14 -- 0.28 38 -- 54 ≥ 2,190 ≥ 7,000 27 -- 36 65 54 127 3.2 -- 38 ≥ 535 78 -- 190 13 -- 31 209 37 546 ND Desipramine 18 -- 163 0.63 -- 3.5 3,190 ≥ 6,400 115 -- 350 244 -- 748 ND > 1,000 23 -- 130 ≥ 1,379 3,400 60 -- 110 1,550 66 -- 198 ≥ 1,990 ≥ 1,610 Dibenzepin ND ND > 10,000 > 10,000 ≥ 1,500 ND ND ND > 10,000 > 10,000 > 10,000 23 1,950 1,750 ND ND Dosulepin 8.6 -- 78 46 -- 70 5,310 4,000 152 ND ND ND 419 2,400 ND 3.6 -- 4.0 ND 25 -- 26 ND ND Doxepin 68 -- 210 13 -- 58 ≥ 4,600 276 11 -- 27 8.8 -- 200 136 ND 24 28 -- 1,270 360 0.09 -- 1.23 174 23 -- 80 ND ND Imipramine 1.3 -- 1.4 20 -- 37 8,500 ≥ 5,800 80 -- 150 120 190 -- 209 > 1,000 32 3,100 620 -- 726 7.6 -- 37 550 46 332 -- 520 327 -- 2,100 Iprindole ≥ 1,620 1,260 6,530 2,800 217 -- 280 206 ND ND 2,300 8,600 6,300 100 -- 130 200 -- 8,300 2,100 > 10,000 ND Lofepramine 70 5.4 > 10,000 4,600 200 ND ND ND 100 2,700 2,000 245 -- 360 4,270 67 2,520 ND Maprotiline 5,800 11 -- 12 1,000 ND 51 122 ND 50 90 9,400 350 -- 665 0.79 -- 2.0 776 570 ND ND Norclomipramine 40 0.45 2,100 19,000 130 ND ND ND 190 1,800 1,200 450 ND 92 ND ND Northiaden 192 25 2,539 2,623 141 ND ND ND 950 ND ND 25 ND 110 ND ND Nortriptyline 15 -- 18 1.8 -- 4.4 1,140 294 5.0 -- 41 8.5 148 ND 55 2,030 2,570 3.0 -- 15 646 37 2,000 ND Opipramol ≥ 2,200 ≥ 700 ≥ 3,000 > 10,000 120 ND ND ND 200 6,100 120 -- 300 6.0 4,470 3,300 0.2 -- 50 110 Protriptyline 19.6 1.41 2,100 3,800 70 ND ND ND 130 6,600 2,300 7.2 -- 25 398 25 ND ND Tianeptine > 10,000 > 10,000 > 10,000 > 10,000 > 10,000 > 10,000 > 10,000 > 10,000 > 10,000 > 10,000 > 10,000 > 10,000 > 10,000 > 10,000 > 10,000 > 10,000 Trimipramine 149 -- 2,110 ≥ 2,450 ≥ 3,780 8,000 32 537 ND ND 24 680 143 -- 210 0.27 -- 1.5 41 58 ND ND Values are K ( nM ). The smaller the value, the more strongly the drug binds to the site. For assay species and references, see the individual drug articles. Most but not all values are for human proteins. With the exception of the sigma receptors, the TCAs act as antagonists or inverse agonists of the receptors and as inhibitors of the transporters. Tianeptine is included in this list due to it technically being a TCA, but with a vastly different pharmacology. Therapeutic levels of TCAs are generally in the range of about 100 to 300 ng / mL, or 350 to 1,100 nM. Plasma protein binding is generally 90 % or greater. Chemistry There are two major groups of TCAs in terms of chemical structure, which most, but not all, TCAs fall into. The groupings are based on the tricyclic ring system. They are the dibenzazepines ( imipramine, desipramine, clomipramine, trimipramine, lofepramine ) and the dibenzocycloheptadienes ( amitriptyline, nortriptyline, protriptyline, butriptyline ). Minor TCA groups based on ring system include the dibenzoxepins ( doxepin ), the dibenzothiepines ( dosulepin ), and the dibenzoxazepines ( amoxapine ). In addition to classification based on the ring system, TCAs can also be usefully grouped based on the number of substitutions of the side chain amine. These groups include the tertiary amines ( imipramine, clomipramine, trimipramine, amitriptyline, butriptyline, doxepin, dosulepin ) and the secondary amines ( desipramine, nortriptyline, protriptyline ). Lofepramine is technically a tertiary amine, but acts largely as a prodrug of desipramine, a secondary amine, and hence is more similar in profile to the secondary amines than to the tertiary amines. Amoxapine does not have the TCA side chain and hence is neither a tertiary nor secondary amine, although it is often grouped with the secondary amines due to sharing more in common with them. History The TCAs were developed amid the `` explosive birth '' of psychopharmacology in the early 1950s. The story begins with the synthesis of chlorpromazine in December 1950 by Rhône - Poulenc 's chief chemist, Paul Charpentier, from synthetic antihistamines developed by Rhône - Poulenc in the 1940s. Its psychiatric effects were first noticed at a hospital in Paris in 1952. The first widely used psychiatric drug, by 1955 it was already generating significant revenue as an antipsychotic. Research chemists quickly began to explore other derivatives of chlorpromazine. The first TCA reported for the treatment of depression was imipramine, a dibenzazepine analogue of chlorpromazine code - named G22355. It was not originally targeted for the treatment of depression. The drug 's tendency to induce manic effects was `` later described as ' in some patients, quite disastrous ' ''. The paradoxical observation of a sedative inducing mania led to testing with depressed patients. The first trial of imipramine took place in 1955 and the first report of antidepressant effects was published by Swiss psychiatrist Roland Kuhn in 1957. Some testing of Geigy 's imipramine, then known as Tofranil, took place at the Münsterlingen Hospital near Konstanz. Geigy later became Ciba - Geigy and eventually Novartis. Dibenzazepine derivatives are described in U.S. patent 3,074,931 issued 1963 - 01 - 22 by assignment to Smith Kline & French Laboratories. The compounds described share a tricyclic backbone different from the backbone of the TCA amitriptyline. Merck introduced the second member of the TCA family, amitriptyline ( Elavil ), in 1961. This compound has a different three - ring structure than imipramine. Society and culture Recreational use A very small number of cases involving non-medical use of antidepressants have been reported over the past 30 years. According to the US government classification of psychiatric medications, TCAs are `` non-abusable '' and generally have low abuse potential. Nonetheless due to their atypical MOA, amineptine and tianeptine ( dopamine reuptake inhibition and μ - opioid receptor agonism, respectively ) are the two TCAs with the highest addiction and abuse potential. Several cases of the misuse of amitriptyline alone or together with methadone or in other drug dependent patients and of dosulepin with alcohol or in methadone patients have been reported. List of TCAs Those that preferentially inhibit the reuptake of serotonin ( by at least 10-fold over norepinephrine ) include : Butriptyline † ( Evadyne ) ( relatively weak serotonin reuptake inhibitor ) Clomipramine ( Anafranil ) Imipramine ( Tofranil, Janimine, Praminil ) Trimipramine ( Surmontil ) ( relatively weak serotonin reuptake inhibitor ) Those that preferentially inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine ( by at least 10-fold over serotonin ) include : Desipramine ( Norpramin, Pertofrane ) Dibenzepin ‡ ( Noveril, Victoril ) Lofepramine § ( Lomont, Gamanil ) Maprotiline ( Ludiomil ) -- can be classed with the TCAs though more frequently classed with the TeCAs Nortriptyline ( Pamelor, Aventyl, Norpress ) Protriptyline ( Vivactil ) Whereas either fairly balanced reuptake inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine or unspecified inhibitors include : Amitriptyline ( Elavil, Endep ) Amitriptylinoxide ( Amioxid, Ambivalon, Equilibrin ) Amoxapine ( Asendin ) -- can be classed with the TeCAs but more frequently classed with the TCAs Demexiptiline † ( Deparon, Tinoran ) Dimetacrine † ( Istonil, Istonyl, Miroistonil ) Dosulepin § ( Prothiaden ) Doxepin ( Adapin, Sinequan ) Fluacizine † ( Phtorazisin ) Imipraminoxide † ( Imiprex, Elepsin ) Melitracen § ( Deanxit, Dixeran, Melixeran, Trausabun ) Metapramine † ( Timaxel ) Nitroxazepine ‡ ( Sintamil ) Noxiptiline ‡ ( Agedal, Elronon, Nogedal ) Pipofezine ‡ ( Azafen / Azaphen ) Propizepine † ( Depressin, Vagran ) Quinupramine † ( Kevopril, Kinupril, Adeprim, Quinuprine ) And the following are TCAs that act via main mechanisms other than serotonin or norepinephrine reuptake inhibition : Amineptine ‡ ( Survector, Maneon, Directim ) -- norepinephrine -- dopamine reuptake inhibitor Iprindole † ( Prondol, Galatur, Tetran ) -- 5 - HT receptor antagonist Opipramol ‡ ( Insidon, Pramolan, Ensidon, Oprimol ) -- σ receptor agonist Tianeptine ‡ ( Stablon, Coaxil, Tatinol ) -- atypical μ - opioid receptor agonist Legend : † indicates products that have been withdrawn from the market worldwide. ‡ indicates products that are not available in any country in which English is an official language. § indicates products that are not available in the United States, but are available in other English - speaking countries such as Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, etc. Bolded names indicates products that are available in at least three countries in which English is an official language. 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The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 284 ( 1 ) : 208 -- 14. PMID 9435180. Jump up ^ Zahradník I, Minarovic I, Zahradníková A ( March 2008 ). `` Inhibition of the cardiac L - type calcium channel current by antidepressant drugs ''. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 324 ( 3 ) : 977 -- 84. doi : 10.1124 / jpet. 107.132456. PMID 18048694. Jump up ^ Harrigan RA, Brady WJ ( July 1999 ). `` ECG abnormalities in tricyclic antidepressant ingestion ''. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 17 ( 4 ) : 387 -- 93. doi : 10.1016 / S0735 - 6757 ( 99 ) 90094 - 3. PMID 10452441. Jump up ^ Brian E. Cairns ( 1 September 2009 ). Peripheral Receptor Targets for Analgesia : Novel Approaches to Pain Management. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 66 -- 68. ISBN 978 - 0 - 470 - 52221 - 9. Jump up ^ Roth, BL ; Driscol, J. `` PDSP K Database ''. Psychoactive Drug Screening Program ( PDSP ). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the United States National Institute of Mental Health. Retrieved 14 August 2017. ^ Jump up to : Alan F. Schatzberg ; Charles B. Nemeroff ( 2009 ). The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology. American Psychiatric Pub. pp. 267 -- 271. ISBN 978 - 1 - 58562 - 309 - 9. ^ Jump up to : K. Ghose ( 11 November 2013 ). Antidepressants for Elderly People. Springer. pp. 182 --. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4899 - 3436 - 9. ^ Jump up to : J.K. Aronson ( 2009 ). Meyler 's Side Effects of Psychiatric Drugs. Elsevier. pp. 7 --. ISBN 978 - 0 - 444 - 53266 - 4. ^ Jump up to : Patricia K. Anthony ( 2002 ). Pharmacology Secrets. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 39 --. ISBN 1 - 56053 - 470 - 2. ^ Jump up to : Philip Cowen ; Paul Harrison ; Tom Burns ( 9 August 2012 ). Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. OUP Oxford. pp. 532 --. ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 162675 - 3. Jump up ^ Alan F. Schatzberg, M.D. ; Charles B. Nemeroff, M.D., Ph. D. ( 2017 ). The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Pub. pp. 306 --. ISBN 978 - 1 - 58562 - 523 - 9. CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) ^ Jump up to : A Guide to the Extrapyramidal Side - Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs, D.G. Cunningham Owens, http://assets.cambridge.org/97805216/33536/excerpt/9780521633536_excerpt.pdf ^ Jump up to : Rose, Nikolas ( 2004 ). `` Becoming Neurochemical Selves ''. In Stehr, Nico. Biotechnology : Between Commerce and Civil Society. New Brunswick, NJ : Transaction Publishers. pp. 90 -- 91. ISBN 978 - 0 - 7658 - 0224 - 8. Jump up ^ Wills, Simon ( 2005 ). Drugs Of Abuse, 2nd Edition. London : Pharmaceutical Press. p. 213. ISBN 0 - 85369 - 582 - 2. Jump up ^ `` Exhibit 4 - 3 Abuse Potential of Common Psychiatric Medications ''. Health Services / Technology Assessment Text ( HSTAT ). U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2007 - 05 - 25. 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She clearly described a euphoria associated with amitriptyline, noting that it gave her a `` buzz '' and that she felt `` numbed up '' and calm about 30 minutes after ingestion. The patient expressed fears of being addicted to the amitriptyline and desired inpatient hospitalization for medication adjustment and education. Jump up ^ Singh GP, Kaur P, Bhatia S ( June 2004 ). `` Dothiepin dependence syndrome ''. Indian J Med Sci. 58 ( 6 ) : 253 -- 4. PMID 15226578. Jump up ^ Cohen MJ, Hanbury R, Stimmel B ( September 1978 ). `` Abuse of amitriptyline ''. JAMA. 240 ( 13 ) : 1372 -- 3. doi : 10.1001 / jama. 240.13. 1372. PMID 682328. Jump up ^ Delisle JD ( October 1990 ). `` A case of amitriptyline abuse ''. Am J Psychiatry. 147 ( 10 ) : 1377 -- 8. PMID 2400006. Ms. A, a 24 - year - old abuser of alcohol and cannabis, consulted her family physician because of anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Unaware of her drug abuse, he prescribed amitriptyline, 200 mg. About 30 minutes after taking each dose, she would experience relief from her symptoms that lasted about 2 hours. By increasing the dose, she found she could intensify these effects and prolong them for up to several hours. Her `` high '' consisted of feelings of relaxation, giddiness, and contentment. Frequently, this progressed to incoordination, slurred speech, and confusion. Sometimes she would forget how much she had taken and ingest up to 2 g. Jump up ^ Sein Anand J, Chodorowski Z, Habrat B ( 2005 ). `` Recreational amitriptyline abuse ''. Prz. Lek. 62 ( 6 ) : 397 -- 8. PMID 16225078. Jump up ^ Lepping P, Menkes DB ( July 2007 ). `` Abuse of dosulepin to induce mania ''. Addiction. 102 ( 7 ) : 1166 -- 7. doi : 10.1111 / j. 1360 - 0443.2007. 01828. x. PMID 17567406. Jump up ^ Dorman A, Talbot D, Byrne P, O'Connor J ( December 1995 ). `` Misuse of dothiepin ''. BMJ. 311 ( 7018 ) : 1502. doi : 10.1136 / bmj. 311.7018. 1502b. PMC 2543748. PMID 8520352. Further reading Gillman PK ( 2007 ). `` Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug interactions updated ''. Br. J. Pharmacol. 151 ( 6 ) : 737 -- 48. doi : 10.1038 / sj. bjp. 0707253. PMC 2014120. PMID 17471183. External links Tricyclic Antidepressive Agents at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH ) Antidepressants ( N06A ) Specific reuptake inhibitors and / or receptor modulators SSRIs Citalopram Escitalopram Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Indalpine Paroxetine Sertraline Zimelidine SNRIs Desvenlafaxine Duloxetine Levomilnacipran Milnacipran Tofenacin Venlafaxine NRIs Atomoxetine Reboxetine Viloxazine NDRIs Amineptine Bupropion Nomifensine NaSSAs Mianserin Mirtazapine Setiptiline SARIs Etoperidone Nefazodone Trazodone SMS Vilazodone Vortioxetine Others Agomelatine Amisulpride Esketamine Etryptamine Indeloxazine flupentixol Ketamine Medifoxamine Metryptamine Oxaflozane Pivagabine Tandospirone Teniloxazine Tianeptine Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants TCAs Amineptine Amitriptyline Amitriptylinoxide Butriptyline Clomipramine Demexiptiline Desipramine Dibenzepin Dimetacrine Dosulepin Doxepin Imipramine Imipraminoxide Iprindole Lofepramine Melitracen Metapramine Nitroxazepine Nortriptyline Noxiptiline Opipramol Pipofezine Propizepine Protriptyline Quinupramine Tianeptine Trimipramine TeCAs Amoxapine Maprotiline Mianserin Mirtazapine Setiptiline Others Tiazesim Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Non-selective Irreversible : Benmoxin Iproclozide Iproniazid Isocarboxazid Isoniazid Linezolid Mebanazine Nialamide Octamoxin Phenelzine Pheniprazine Phenoxypropazine Pivhydrazine Safrazine Tedizolid Tranylcypromine Reversible : Caroxazone Mixed : Bifemelane MAO - selective Reversible : Eprobemide Metralindole Minaprine Moclobemide Pirlindole Tetrindole Toloxatone MAO - selective Irreversible : Selegiline Adjunctive therapies Atypical antipsychotics ( aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, lurasidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone ) Buspirone Lithium ( lithium carbonate, lithium citrate ) Thyroid hormones ( triiodothyronine ( T ), levothyroxine ( T ) ) Miscellaneous Ademetionine ( SAMe ) Hypericum perforatum ( St. John 's Wort ) Oxitriptan ( 5 - HTP ) Rubidium chloride ( RbCl ) Tryptophan WHO - EM Withdrawn from market Clinical trials : Phase III Never to phase III Pharmacodynamics Adrenergic receptor modulators α Agonists : 6 - FNE Amidephrine Anisodine Buspirone Cirazoline Corbadrine Desglymidodrine Dexisometheptene Dipivefrine Dopamine Droxidopa ( L - DOPS ) Ephedrine Epinephrine Etilefrine Etilevodopa Ethylnorepinephrine Indanidine Isometheptene L - DOPA ( levodopa ) L - Phenylalanine L - Tyrosine Melevodopa Metaraminol Methoxamine Methyldopa Midodrine Naphazoline Norepinephrine Octopamine ( drug ) Oxymetazoline Phenylephrine Phenylpropanolamine Pseudoephedrine Synephrine Tetryzoline Tiamenidine XP21279 Xylometazoline Antagonists : Abanoquil Adimolol Ajmalicine Alfuzosin Amosulalol Anisodamine Arotinolol Atiprosin Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., brexpiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone ) Benoxathian Buflomedil Bunazosin Carvedilol Corynanthine Dapiprazole Domesticine Doxazosin Ergolines ( e.g., ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, lisuride, terguride ) Etoperidone Eugenodilol Fenspiride Hydroxyzine Indoramin Ketanserin L - 765,314 Labetalol mCPP Mepiprazole Metazosin Monatepil Moxisylyte Naftopidil Nantenine Neldazosin Niaprazine Nicergoline Niguldipine Pardoprunox Pelanserin Perlapine Phendioxan Phenoxybenzamine Phentolamine Phenylpiperazine antidepressants ( e.g., hydroxynefazodone, nefazodone, trazodone, triazoledione ) Piperoxan Prazosin Quinazosin Quinidine Ritanserin Silodosin Spiperone Talipexole Tamsulosin Terazosin Tiodazosin Tolazoline Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, maprotiline, mianserin ) Tricyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine, trimipramine ) Trimazosin Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, loxapine, thioridazine ) Urapidil WB - 4101 Zolertine α Agonists : ( R ) - 3 - Nitrobiphenyline 4 - NEMD 6 - FNE Amitraz Apraclonidine Brimonidine Cannabivarin Clonidine Corbadrine Detomidine Dexmedetomidine Dihydroergotamine Dipivefrine Dopamine Droxidopa ( L - DOPS ) Etilevodopa Ephedrine Ergotamine Epinephrine Etilefrine Ethylnorepinephrine Guanabenz Guanfacine Guanoxabenz L - DOPA ( levodopa ) L - Phenylalanine L - Tyrosine Lofexidine Medetomidine Melevodopa Methyldopa Mivazerol Naphazoline Norepinephrine Oxymetazoline Phenylpropanolamine Piperoxan Pseudoephedrine Rezatomidine Rilmenidine Romifidine Talipexole Tasipimidine Tetrahydrozoline Tiamenidine Tizanidine Tolonidine Urapidil Vatinoxan XP21279 Xylazine Xylometazoline Antagonists : 1 - PP Adimolol Amesergide Aptazapine Atipamezole Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., asenapine, brexpiprazole, clozapine, lurasidone, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, zotepine ) Azapirones ( e.g., buspirone, gepirone, ipsapirone, tandospirone ) BRL - 44408 Buflomedil Cirazoline Efaroxan Esmirtazapine Fenmetozole Fluparoxan Idazoxan mCPP Mianserin Mirtazapine NAN - 190 Olanzapine Pardoprunox Phentolamine Phenoxybenzamine Piperoxan Piribedil Rauwolscine Rotigotine SB - 269970 Setiptiline Spiroxatrine Sunepitron Tolazoline Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, loxapine, thioridazine ) Yohimbine β Agonists : Abediterol Alifedrine Amibegron Arbutamine Arformoterol Arotinolol BAAM Bambuterol Befunolol Bitolterol Broxaterol Buphenine Carbuterol Carmoterol Cimaterol Clenbuterol Colterol Corbadrine Denopamine Dipivefrine Dobutamine Dopamine Dopexamine Droxidopa ( L - DOPS ) Ephedrine Epinephrine Etafedrine Etilefrine Etilevodopa Ethylnorepinephrine Fenoterol Formoterol Hexoprenaline Higenamine Indacaterol Isoetarine Isoprenaline Isoxsuprine L - DOPA ( levodopa ) L - Phenylalanine L - Tyrosine Levosalbutamol Mabuterol Melevodopa Methoxyphenamine Methyldopa Mirabegron Norepinephrine Orciprenaline Oxyfedrine PF - 610355 Phenylpropanolamine Pirbuterol Prenalterol Ractopamine Procaterol Pseudoephedrine Reproterol Rimiterol Ritodrine Salbutamol Salmeterol Solabegron Terbutaline Tretoquinol Tulobuterol Vilanterol Xamoterol XP21279 Zilpaterol Zinterol Antagonists : Acebutolol Adaprolol Adimolol Afurolol Alprenolol Alprenoxime Amosulalol Ancarolol Arnolol Arotinolol Atenolol Befunolol Betaxolol Bevantolol Bisoprolol Bopindolol Bornaprolol Brefonalol Bucindolol Bucumolol Bufetolol Bufuralol Bunitrolol Bunolol Bupranolol Butaxamine Butidrine Butofilolol Capsinolol Carazolol Carpindolol Carteolol Carvedilol Celiprolol Cetamolol Cicloprolol Cinamolol Cloranolol Cyanopindolol Dalbraminol Dexpropranolol Diacetolol Dichloroisoprenaline Dihydroalprenolol Dilevalol Diprafenone Draquinolol Ecastolol Epanolol Ericolol Ersentilide Esatenolol Esprolol Eugenodilol Exaprolol Falintolol Flestolol Flusoxolol Hydroxycarteolol Hydroxytertatolol ICI - 118,551 Idropranolol Indenolol Indopanolol Iodocyanopindolol Iprocrolol Isoxaprolol Isamoltane Labetalol Landiolol Levobetaxolol Levobunolol Levomoprolol Medroxalol Mepindolol Metipranolol Metoprolol Moprolol Nadolol Nadoxolol Nebivolol Nifenalol Nipradilol Oxprenolol Pacrinolol Pafenolol Pamatolol Pargolol Penbutolol Pindolol Practolol Primidolol Procinolol Pronethalol Propafenone Propranolol Ridazolol Ronactolol Soquinolol Sotalol Spirendolol SR 59230A Sulfinalol Talinolol Tazolol Tertatolol Tienoxolol Tilisolol Timolol Tiprenolol Tolamolol Toliprolol Xibenolol Xipranolol Dopamine receptor modulators D - like Agonists Benzazepines : 6 - Br - APB Fenoldopam SKF - 38,393 SKF - 77,434 SKF - 81,297 SKF - 82,958 SKF - 83,959 Trepipam Zelandopam Ergolines : Cabergoline CY - 208,243 Dihydroergocryptine LEK - 8829 Lisuride Pergolide Terguride Dihydrexidine derivatives : A-77636 A-86929 Adrogolide ( ABT - 431, DAS - 431 ) Dihydrexidine Dinapsoline Dinoxyline Doxanthrine Phenethylamines : BCO - 001 Deoxyepinephrine ( N - methyldopamine, epinine ) Dopexamine Etilevodopa Ibopamine L - DOPA ( levodopa ) Melevodopa L - Phenylalanine L - Tyrosine XP21279 Others : A-68930 Apomorphine Isocorypalmine Nuciferine PF - 6649751 PF 6669571 Propylnorapomorphine Rotigotine SKF - 89,145 SKF - 89,626 Stepholidine Tetrahydropalmatine Antagonists Typical antipsychotics : Butaclamol Chlorpromazine Chlorprothixene Flupentixol ( flupenthixol ) ( + melitracen ) Fluphenazine Loxapine Perphenazine ( + amitriptyline ) Pifluthixol Thioridazine Thiothixene Trifluoperazine ( + tranylcypromine ) Zuclopenthixol Atypical antipsychotics : Asenapine Clorotepine Clotiapine Clozapine DHA - clozapine Fluperlapine Iloperidone Norclozapine Norquetiapine Olanzapine ( + + fluoxetine ) Paliperidone Quetiapine Risperidone Tefludazine Zicronapine Ziprasidone Zotepine Others : Berupipam Ecopipam EEDQ Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Odapipam Perlapine SCH - 23390 D - like Agonists Adamantanes : Amantadine Memantine Rimantadine Aminotetralins : 5 - OH - DPAT 7 - OH - DPAT 8 - OH - PBZI Rotigotine UH - 232 Ergolines : Bromocriptine Cabergoline Dihydroergocryptine Epicriptine Ergocornine Lisuride LSD Pergolide Terguride Dihydrexidine derivatives : 2 - OH - NPA Ciladopa Dihydrexidine Dinoxyline N, N - Propyldihydrexidine Phenethylamines : Deoxyepinephrine ( N - methyldopamine, epinine ) Dopexamine Etilevodopa Ibopamine L - DOPA ( levodopa ) L - Phenylalanine L - Tyrosine Melevodopa XP21279 Atypical antipsychotics : Alentemol ( U-66444B ) Aripiprazole ( + sertraline ) Aripiprazole lauroxil Bifeprunox Brexpiprazole Cariprazine F - 15063 Lumateperone Norclozapine RP - 5063 Others : 3 - PPP A-412997 ABT - 670 ABT - 724 Adrafinil Aplindore Apomorphine Arketamine Armodafinil BP - 897 Captodiame CP - 226,269 Dizocilpine Esketamine Flibanserin GSK - 789,472 Ketamine Mesulergine Modafinil OSU - 6162 Pardoprunox PD - 128,907 PD - 168,077 PF - 219,061 PF - 592,379 Phencyclidine Piribedil Pramipexole Preclamol Propylnorapomorphine Pukateine Quinagolide Quinelorane Quinpirole RDS - 127 Ro10 - 5824 Ropinirole Roxindole Salvinorin A SKF - 83,959 Sumanirole Talipexole Umespirone WAY - 100,635 Antagonists Typical antipsychotics : Acepromazine Acetophenazine Azaperone Benperidol Bromperidol Butaclamol Butaperazine Chloracizine Chlorproethazine Chlorpromazine Chlorprothixene Ciclindole Clopenthixol Clothixamide Clopimozide Droperidol Fluacizine Fluanisone Flucindole Fluotracen Flupentixol ( flupenthixol ) ( + melitracen ) Fluphenazine Fluprothixene Fluspirilene Haloperidol Homopipramol Lenperone Levomepromazine ( methotrimeprazine ) Levosulpiride Loxapine Mesoridazine Moperone Naranol Nemonapride Penfluridol Perathiepin Perazine Pericyazine ( periciazine ) Perphenazine ( + amitriptyline ) Piflutixol ( pifluthixol ) Pimozide Pipamperone Preclamol Prochlorperazine Promazine Prothipendyl Spiperone ( spiroperidol ) Sulforidazine Sulpiride Sultopride Teflutixol Thiopropazate Thioproperazine Thioridazine Thiothixene Timiperone Trifluoperazine ( + tranylcypromine ) Triflupromazine Trifluperidol Zetidoline Zuclopenthixol Atypical antipsychotics : Amisulpride Asenapine BL - 1020 Blonanserin Carpipramine Cinuperone Clocapramine Clorotepine Clotiapine ( clothiapine ) Clozapine Cyamemazine DHA - clozapine Dixyrazine Elopiprazole Flumezapine Fluperlapine Gevotroline Iloperidone Lurasidone Mazapertine Melperone Molindone Mosapramine Ocaperidone Olanzapine ( + fluoxetine ) Paliperidone Perospirone Piperacetazine Pipotiazine Piquindone Quetiapine Remoxipride Risperidone Sertindole Tefludazine Tenilapine Tiospirone Veralipride Zicronapine Ziprasidone Zotepine Antiemetics / gastroprokinetics / sedatives : Aceprometazine AS - 8112 Alimemazine Alizapride Benzquinamide Bromopride Clebopride Domperidone Eticlopride Hydroxyzine Itopride Metoclopramide Metopimazine Promethazine Thiethylperazine Trimethobenzamide Antidepressants : Amoxapine Nefazodone Opipramol Propiomazine Trimipramine Others : 3 - PPP Alpiropride Azapride Buspirone Desmethoxyfallypride EEDQ F - 15063 Fallypride Fananserin Fenfluramine GSK - 789,472 Iodobenzamide Isocorypalmine L - 741,626 L - 745,870 Levofenfluramine LEK - 8829 Metergoline Metitepine ( methiothepin ) N - Methylspiperone Nafadotride Nuciferine PNU - 99,194 Pridopidine Raclopride Sarizotan SB - 277,011 - A Seridopidine Sonepiprazole Spiroxatrine Stepholidine SV - 293 Tetrahydropalmatine Tiapride UH - 232 Yohimbine See also : Receptor / signaling modulators Adrenergics Serotonergics Monoamine reuptake inhibitors Monoamine releasing agents Monoamine metabolism modulators Monoamine neurotoxins Histamine receptor modulators Agonists : 2 - Pyridylethylamine Betahistine Histamine HTMT L - Histidine UR - AK49 Antagonists : First - generation : 4 - Methyldiphenhydramine Alimemazine Antazoline Azatadine Bamipine Benzatropine ( benztropine ) Bepotastine Bromazine Brompheniramine Buclizine Captodiame Carbinoxamine Chlorcyclizine Chloropyramine Chlorothen Chlorphenamine Chlorphenoxamine Cinnarizine Clemastine Clobenzepam Clocinizine Cloperastine Cyclizine Cyproheptadine Dacemazine Decloxizine Deptropine Dexbrompheniramine Dexchlorpheniramine Dimenhydrinate Dimetindene Diphenhydramine Diphenylpyraline Doxylamine Embramine Etodroxizine Etybenzatropine ( ethylbenztropine ) Etymemazine Fenethazine Flunarizine Histapyrrodine Homochlorcyclizine Hydroxyethylpromethazine Hydroxyzine Isopromethazine Isothipendyl Meclozine Medrylamine Mepyramine ( pyrilamine ) Mequitazine Methafurylene Methapyrilene Methdilazine Moxastine Orphenadrine Oxatomide Oxomemazine Perlapine Phenindamine Pheniramine Phenyltoloxamine Pimethixene Piperoxan Pipoxizine Promethazine Propiomazine Pyrrobutamine Talastine Thenalidine Thenyldiamine Thiazinamium Thonzylamine Tolpropamine Tripelennamine Triprolidine Second / third - generation : Acrivastine Alinastine Astemizole Azelastine Bamirastine Barmastine Bepiastine Bepotastine Bilastine Cabastinen Carebastine Cetirizine Clemastine Clemizole Clobenztropine Desloratadine Dorastine Ebastine Efletirizine Emedastine Epinastine Fexofenadine Flezelastine Ketotifen Latrepirdine Levocabastine Levocetirizine Linetastine Loratadine Mapinastine Mebhydrolin Mizolastine Moxastine Noberastine Octastine Olopatadine Perastine Pibaxizine Piclopastine Quifenadine ( phencarol ) Rocastine Rupatadine Setastine Sequifenadine ( bicarphen ) Talastine Temelastine Terfenadine Vapitadine Zepastine Others : Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, clozapine, iloperidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, RP - 5063, ziprasidone, zotepine ) Phenylpiperazine antidepressants ( e.g., hydroxynefazodone, nefazodone, trazodone, triazoledione ) Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, loxapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine, oxaprotiline ) Tricyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amitriptyline, butriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine, dosulepin ( dothiepin ), doxepin, imipramine, iprindole, lofepramine, nortriptyline, protriptyline, trimipramine ) Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., chlorpromazine, flupenthixol, fluphenazine, loxapine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, thioridazine, thiothixene ) Unknown / unsorted : Azanator Belarizine Elbanizine Flotrenizine Napactadine Tagorizine Trelnarizine Trenizine Agonists : Amthamine Betazole Dimaprit Histamine HTMT Impromidine L - Histidine UR - AK49 Antagonists : Bisfentidine Burimamide Cimetidine Dalcotidine Donetidine Ebrotidine Etintidine Famotidine Isolamtidine Lafutidine Lamtidine Lavoltidine ( loxtidine ) Lupitidine Metiamide Mifentidine Niperotidine Nizatidine Osutidine Oxmetidine Pibutidine Quisultazine ( quisultidine ) Ramixotidine Ranitidine Roxatidine Sufotidine Tiotidine Tuvatidine Venritidine Xaltidine Zolantidine Agonists : α - Methylhistamine Cipralisant Histamine Imetit Immepip Immethridine L - Histidine Methimepip Proxyfan Antagonists : A-349,821 A-423,579 ABT - 239 ABT - 652 AZD5213 Bavisant Betahistine Burimamide Ciproxifan Clobenpropit Conessine Enerisant GSK - 189,254 Impentamine Iodophenpropit Irdabisant JNJ - 5207852 MK - 0249 NNC 38 - 1049 PF - 03654746 Pitolisant SCH - 79687 Thioperamide VUF - 5681 Agonists : 4 - Methylhistamine α - Methylhistamine Histamine L - Histidine OUP - 16 VUF - 8430 Antagonists : JNJ - 7777120 Mianserin Seliforant Thioperamide Toreforant VUF - 6002 See also : Receptor / signaling modulators Monoamine metabolism modulators Monoamine reuptake inhibitors Ion channel modulators Calcium VDCCs Blockers L - type - selective : Dihydropyridines : Amlodipine Aranidipine Azelnidipine Barnidipine Clevidipine Cronidipine Darodipine Dexniguldipine Elgodipine Elnadipine Felodipine Flordipine Furnidipine Iganidipine Isradipine Lacidipine Lemildipine Lercanidipine Levamlodipine Levniguldipine Manidipine Mepirodipine Mesudipine Nicardipine Nifedipine Niguldipine Niludipine Nilvadipine Nimodipine Nisoldipine Nitrendipine Olradipine Oxodipine Palonidipine Pranidipine Ryodipine ( riodipine ) Sagandipine Sornidipine Teludipine Tiamdipine Trombodipine Vatanidipine ; Diltiazem derivatives : Clentiazem Diltiazem Iprotiazem Nictiazem Siratiazem ; Phenylalkylamines : Anipamil Dagapamil Devapamil Dexverapamil Emopamil Etripamil Falipamil Gallopamil Levemopamil Nexopamil Norverapamil Ronipamil Tiapamil Verapamil ; Others : AH - 1058 Brinazarone Budiodarone Celivarone Cyproheptadine Dronedarone Fantofarone SR - 33805 Tetrahydropalmatine N - type - selective : ω - Conotoxins ω - Conotoxin GVIA Caroverine Huwentoxin XVI Leconotide ( ω - conotoxin CVID ) PD - 173212 Ralfinamide Safinamide Z160 Ziconotide ( ω - conotoxin MVIIA ) P - type - selective : ω - Agatoxin IVA ω - Agatoxin IVB R - type - selective : SNX - 482 T - type - selective : ABT - 639 ML - 218 Niflumic acid NNC 55 - 0396 ProTx I Z944 Zonisamide Non-selective : ω - Agatoxin TK ω - Conotoxin MVIIC Benidipine Bepridil Cilnidipine Cinnarizine Dotarizine Efonidipine Flunarizine Lamotrigine Levetiracetam Lomerizine Loperamide Mibefradil NP078585 Ruthenium red TROX - 1 α δ subunit - selective ( gabapentinoids ) : 4 - Methylpregabalin Arbaclofen Arbaclofen placarbil Atagabalin Baclofen Gabapentin Gabapentin enacarbil Imagabalin Mirogabalin PD - 200,347 PD - 217,014 PD - 299,685 Phenibut Pregabalin Others / unsorted : Bencyclane Berbamine Bevantolol Canadine Carboxyamidotriazole Cycleanine Dauricine Dimeditiapramine Diproteverine Enpiperate Eperisone Elpetrigine Ethadione Ethanol ( alcohol ) Ethosuximide Fasudil Fendiline Fostedil Imepitoin JTV - 519 Lidoflazine Magnesium Manoalide Mesuximide Monatepil Naftopidil Ochratoxin A Osthol Otilonium bromide Paramethadione Phensuximide Pinaverium bromide Prenylamine Rhynchophylline Sesamodil Silperisone Sipatrigine Terodiline Tetrandrine Tolperisone Trimethadione Valperinol Activators L - type - selective : Bay K8644 Potassium VGKCs Blockers 3, 4 - Diaminopyridine ( amifampridine ) 4 - Aminopyridine ( fampridine / dalfampridine ) Adekalant Almokalant Amiodarone Azimilide Bretylium Bunaftine Charybdotoxin Clamikalant Conotoxins Dalazatide Dendrotoxin Dofetilide Dronedarone E-4031 Hanatoxin HgeTx1 HsTx1 Ibutilide Inakalant Kaliotoxin Linopirdine Lolitrem B Maurotoxin Nifekalant Notoxin Paxilline Pinokalant Quinidine ShK - 186 Sotalol Tedisamil Terikalant Tetraethylammonium Vernakalant hERG ( KCNH2, K 11.1 ) - specific : Ajmaline Amiodarone AmmTX3 Astemizole Azaspiracid AZD1305 Azimilide Bedaquiline BeKm - 1 BmTx3 BRL - 32872 Chlorpromazine Cisapride Clarithromycin Darifenacin Dextropropoxyphene Diallyl trisulfide Domperidone E-4031 Ergtoxins Erythromycin Gigactonine Haloperidol Ketoconazole Norpropoxyphene Orphenadrine Pimozide PNU - 282,987 Promethazine Quinidine Ranolazine Roxithromycin Sertindole Solifenacin Tamulotoxin Terodiline Terfenadine Thioridazine Tolterodine Vanoxerine Vernakalant KCNQ ( K 7 ) - specific : Linopirdine XE - 991 Spooky toxin ( SsTx ) Activators KCNQ ( K 7 ) - specific : Flupirtine Retigabine IRKs Blockers K - specific : Acetohexamide Carbutamide Chlorpropamide Glibenclamide ( glyburide ) Glibornuride Glicaramide Gliclazide Glimepiride Glipizide Gliquidone Glisoxepide Glyclopyramide Glycyclamide Metahexamide Mitiglinide Nateglinide Repaglinide Tolazamide Tolbutamide GIRK - specific : Barium Caramiphen Cloperastine Clozapine Dextromethorphan Ethosuximide Ifenprodil Tertiapin Tipepidine Activators K - specific : Aprikalim Bimakalim Cromakalim Diazoxide Emakalim Levcromakalim Mazokalim Minoxidil Naminidil Nicorandil Pinacidil Rilmakalim Sarakalim GIRK - specific : ML - 297 ( VU0456810 ) Blockers BK - specific : Ethanol ( alcohol ) GAL - 021 Activators BK - specific : Flufenamic acid Meclofenamic acid Niflumic acid Nimesulide Rottlerin ( mallotoxin ) Tolfenamic acid K2Ps Blockers 12 - O - Tetradecanoylphorbol - 13 - acetate Arachidonic acid Fluoxetine Norfluoxetine Activators Riluzole Sodium VGSCs Blockers Antianginals : Ranolazine Antiarrhythmics ( class I ) : Ajmaline Aprindine Disopyramide Dronedarone Encainide Flecainide Lidocaine Lorajmine Lorcainide Mexiletine Moricizine Pilsicainide Prajmaline Procainamide Propafenone Quinidine Sparteine Tocainide Anticonvulsants : Acetylpheneturide Carbamazepine Cenobamate Chlorphenacemide Elpetrigine Eslicarbazepine acetate Ethotoin Fosphenytoin Lacosamide Licarbazepine Mephenytoin Oxcarbazepine Oxitriptyline Phenacemide Pheneturide Phenytoin Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local anesthetics : pFBT Amylocaine Articaine Benzocaine Bupivacaine ( Levobupivacaine, Ropivacaine ) Butacaine Butamben Chloroprocaine Cinchocaine Cocaine Cyclomethycaine Dimethocaine Diphenhydramine Etidocaine Hexylcaine Iontocaine Lidocaine Mepivacaine Meprylcaine Metabutoxycaine Orthocaine Piperocaine Prilocaine Procaine Propoxycaine Proxymetacaine Risocaine Tetracaine Trimecaine Analgesics : AZD - 3161 DSP - 2230 Funapide GDC - 0276 NKTR - 171 PF - 04531083 PF - 05089771 Ralfinamide Raxatrigine RG7893 ( GDC - 0287 ) Toxins : Conotoxins Neosaxitoxin Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Others : Buprenorphine Evenamide Menthol ( mint ) Safinamide Tricyclic antidepressants Activators Atracotoxins ( Robustoxin, Versutoxin ) Batrachotoxin Ciguatoxins Poneratoxin ENaC Blockers Amiloride Benzamil Triamterene Activators Solnatide ASICs Blockers A-317567 Amiloride Aspirin Ibuprofen PcTX1 Chloride CaCCs Blockers Crofelemer DIDS Ethacrynic acid Flufenamic acid Fluoxetine Furosemide Glibenclamide Mefloquine Mibefradil Niflumic acid Activators Carbachol CFTR Blockers Glibenclamide Lonidamine Piretanide Activators 1, 7 - Phenanthroline 1, 10 - Phenanthroline 4, 7 - Phenanthroline 7, 8 - Benzoquinoline Ivacaftor Phenanthridine Unsorted Blockers Bumetanide Flufenamic acid Meclofenamic acid Mefenamic acid Mepacrine Niflumic acid Talniflumate Tolfenamic acid Trifluoperazine Others TRPs See here instead. See also : Receptor / signaling modulators Transient receptor potential channel modulators Monoamine reuptake inhibitors DAT ( DRIs ) Piperazines : DBL - 583 GBR - 12783 GBR - 12935 GBR - 13069 GBR - 13098 Nefazodone Vanoxerine Piperidines : 4 - Fluoropethidine Benocyclidine ( BTCP ) Desoxypipradrol Dexmethylphenidate Difemetorex Ethylphenidate HDMP - 28 Methylphenidate Pethidine ( meperidine ) Phencyclidine Pipradrol Tenocyclidine Pyrrolidines : Diphenylprolinol MDPV Naphyrone Prolintane Pyrovalerone Tropanes : Altropane Benzatropine ( benztropine ) Brasofensine CFT Cocaine Dichloropane Difluoropine Etybenzatropine ( ethybenztropine ) FE - β - CPPIT FP - β - CPPIT Ioflupane ( I ) RTI - 55 RTI - 112 RTI - 113 RTI - 121 RTI - 126 RTI - 150 RTI - 177 RTI - 229 RTI - 336 Tesofensine Troparil Tropoxane WF - 11 WF - 23 WF - 31 WF - 33 Others : Adrafinil Amifitadine Armodafinil Amfonelic acid Amineptine Ansofaxine BTQ BTS 74,398 Bupropion Chaenomeles speciosa Ciclazindol Dasotraline Desmethylsertraline Desmethylsibutramine Diclofensine Didesmethylsibutramine Dimethocaine Diphenylpyraline Dizocilpine ( MK - 801 ) DOV - 102,677 DOV - 216,303 Efavirenz Ephenidine Esketamine EXP - 561 Fencamfamin Fezolamine Fluorenol GYKI - 52895 Indatraline Ketamine Lefetamine Levophacetoperane Liafensine LR - 5182 Manifaxine Mazindol Medifoxamine Mesocarb Metaphit MIN - 117 ( WF - 516 ) Modafinil Nefopam Nomifensine NS - 2359 O - 2172 Oroxylin A Perafensine Pridefine Radafaxine Rimcazole Sertraline Sibutramine Solriamfetol Tametraline Tedatioxetine Tripelennamine Venlafaxine NET ( NRIs ) Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors : Amedalin Alseroxylon Ciclazindol Daledalin Edivoxetine Esreboxetine Lortalamine Mazindol Nisoxetine Reboxetine Talopram Talsupram Tandamine Teniloxazine Viloxazine Norepinephrine -- dopamine reuptake inhibitors : Amineptine Bupropion Fencamine Fencamfamin Hydroxybupropion Lefetamine Levophacetoperane LR - 5182 Manifaxine Methylphenidate Nomifensine O - 2172 Radafaxine Solriamfetol Serotonin -- norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors : Atomoxetine ( tomoxetine ) BTS - 54505 CP - 39,332 Desvenlafaxine Duloxetine Eclanamine Levomilnacipran McN - 5652 Milnacipran N - Methyl - PPPA Nafenodone PPPA Tofenacin Venlafaxine WY - 45233 Serotonin -- norepinephrine -- dopamine reuptake inhibitors : 3, 3 - Diphenylcyclobutanamine Amifitadine Ansofaxine Bicifadine Brasofensine Centanafadine Cocaine Dasotraline Desmethylsertraline Desmethylsibutramine Diclofensine Didesmethylsibutramine DOV - 102677 DOV - 216303 EXP - 561 Fezolamine HDMP - 28 Indatraline JNJ - 7925476 JZ - IV - 10 Liafensine Mazindol Naphyrone Nefazodone Nefopam NS - 2359 Perafensine PRC200 Pridefine SEP - 228431 SEP - 228432 Sibutramine Tedatioxetine Tesofensine Tropanes ( e.g., cocaine ) Tricyclic antidepressants : Amitriptyline Butriptyline Cianopramine Clomipramine Desipramine Dosulepin ( dothiepin ) Doxepin Imipramine Lofepramine Melitracen Nortriptyline Protriptyline Trimipramine Tetracyclic antidepressants : Amoxapine Maprotiline Mianserin Oxaprotiline Setiptiline Others : Antihistamines ( e.g., brompheniramine, chlorphenamine, pheniramine, tripelennamine ) Antipsychotics ( e.g., loxapine, ziprasidone ) Arylcyclohexylamines ( e.g., ketamine, phencyclidine ) Dopexamine Ephenidine Ginkgo biloba Indeloxazine Nefazodone Opioids ( e.g., desmetramadol, methadone, pethidine ( meperidine ), tapentadol, tramadol, levorphanol ) SERT ( SRIs ) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors : Alaproclate Centpropazine Cericlamine Citalopram Dapoxetine Desmethylcitalopram Didesmethylcitalopram Escitalopram Femoxetine Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Indalpine Ifoxetine Norfluoxetine Omiloxetine Panuramine Paroxetine PIM - 35 Pirandamine RTI - 353 Seproxetine Sertraline Zimelidine Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin receptor modulators : Etoperidone Litoxetine Lubazodone LY - 393558 SB - 649915 TGBA01AD Trazodone Vilazodone Vortioxetine Serotonin -- norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors : Atomoxetine ( tomoxetine ) Bicifadine BTS - 54505 CP - 39332 Desvenlafaxine Duloxetine Eclanamine Levomilnacipran McN - 5652 Milnacipran N - Methyl - PPPA PPPA Tofenacin Venlafaxine WY - 45233 Serotonin -- norepinephrine -- dopamine reuptake inhibitors : 3, 3 - Diphenylcyclobutanamine Amifitadine Ansofaxine Bicifadine Brasofensine Centanafadine Cocaine Dasotraline Desmethylsertraline Desmethylsibutramine Diclofensine Didesmethylsibutramine DOV - 102677 DOV - 216303 EXP - 561 Fezolamine HDMP - 28 Indatraline JNJ - 7925476 JZ - IV - 10 Liafensine Mazindol Naphyrone Nefazodone Nefopam NS - 2359 Perafensine PRC200 Pridefine SEP - 228431 SEP - 228432 Sibutramine Tedatioxetine Tesofensine Tropanes ( e.g., cocaine ) Tricyclic antidepressants : Amitriptyline Cianopramine Clomipramine Cyanodothiepin Desipramine Dosulepin ( dothiepin ) Doxepin Imipramine Lofepramine Nortriptyline Pipofezine Protriptyline Others : A-80426 Amoxapine Antihistamines ( e.g., brompheniramine, chlorphenamine, dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, mepyramine ( pyrilamine ), pheniramine, tripelennamine ) Antipsychotics ( e.g., loxapine, ziprasidone ) Arylcyclohexylamines ( e.g., 3 - MeO - PCP, esketamine, ketamine, methoxetamine, phencyclidine ) Cyclobenzaprine Delucemine Dextromethorphan Dextrorphan Efavirenz Medifoxamine Mesembrine Mifepristone MIN - 117 ( WF - 516 ) N - Me - 5 - HT Opioids ( e.g., dextropropoxyphene, methadone, pethidine ( meperidine ), levorphanol, tapentadol, tramadol ) Roxindole VMATs Amiodarone Amphetamines ( e.g., amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA ) APP AZIK Bietaserpine Deserpidine Deutetrabenazine Dihydrotetrabenazine Efavirenz GBR - 12935 GZ - 793A Ibogaine Ketanserin Lobeline Methoxytetrabenazine Reserpine Rose bengal Tetrabenazine Valbenazine Vanoxerine ( GBR - 12909 ) Others DAT enhancers : Luteolin DAT modulators : Agonist - like : SoRI - 9804 SoRI - 20040 ; Antagonist - like : SoRI - 20041 See also : Receptor / signaling modulators Monoamine releasing agents Adrenergics Dopaminergics Serotonergics Monoamine metabolism modulators Monoamine neurotoxins Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators mAChRs Agonists 77 - LH - 28 - 1 AC - 42 AC - 260,584 Aceclidine Acetylcholine AF30 AF150 ( S ) AF267B Alvameline AQRA - 741 Arecoline Bethanechol Bevonium Butyrylcholine Carbachol CDD - 0034 CDD - 0078 CDD - 0097 CDD - 0098 CDD - 0102 Cevimeline Choline cis - Dioxolane Clozapine Desmethylclozapine ( norclozapine ) Ethoxysebacylcholine Itameline LY - 593,039 L - 689,660 LY - 2,033,298 McNA343 Methacholine Milameline Muscarine NGX - 267 Ocvimeline Oxotremorine PD - 151,832 Pilocarpine RS86 Sabcomeline SDZ 210 - 086 Sebacylcholine Suberyldicholine Talsaclidine Tazomeline Thiopilocarpine Vedaclidine VU - 0029767 VU - 0090157 VU - 0152099 VU - 0152100 VU - 0238429 WAY - 132,983 Xanomeline YM - 796 Antagonists 3 - Quinuclidinyl benzilate 4 - DAMP Aclidinium bromide ( + formoterol ) Abediterol AF - DX 250 AF - DX 384 Ambutonium bromide Anisodamine Anisodine Antihistamines ( first - generation ) ( e.g., brompheniramine, buclizine, captodiame, chlorphenamine ( chlorpheniramine ), cinnarizine, clemastine, cyproheptadine, dimenhydrinate, dimetindene, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, meclizine, mepyramine ( pyrilamine ), mequitazine, perlapine, phenindamine, pheniramine, phenyltoloxamine, promethazine, propiomazine, triprolidine ) AQ - RA 741 Atropine Atropine methonitrate Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., clozapine, fluperlapine, olanzapine ( + fluoxetine ), rilapine, quetiapine, tenilapine, zotepine ) Benactyzine Benzatropine ( benztropine ) Benzilone Benzilylcholine mustard Benzydamine BIBN 99 Biperiden Bornaprine Camylofin CAR - 226,086 CAR - 301,060 CAR - 302,196 CAR - 302,282 CAR - 302,368 CAR - 302,537 CAR - 302,668 Caramiphen Cimetropium bromide Clidinium bromide Cloperastine CS - 27349 Cyclobenzaprine Cyclopentolate Darifenacin DAU - 5884 Desfesoterodine Dexetimide DIBD Dicycloverine ( dicyclomine ) Dihexyverine Difemerine Diphemanil metilsulfate Ditran EA - 3167 EA - 3443 EA - 3580 EA - 3834 Emepronium bromide Etanautine Etybenzatropine ( ethybenztropine ) Fenpiverinium Fentonium Fesoterodine Flavoxate Glycopyrronium bromide ( + beclometasone / formoterol, + indacaterol ) Hexahydrodifenidol Hexahydrosiladifenidol Hexbutinol Hexocyclium Himbacine HL - 031,120 Homatropine Imidafenacin Ipratropium bromide ( + salbutamol ) Isopropamide J - 104,129 Hyoscyamine Mamba toxin 3 Mamba toxin 7 Mazaticol Mebeverine Meladrazine Mepenzolate Methantheline Methoctramine Methylatropine Methylhomatropine Methylscopolamine Metixene Muscarinic toxin 7 N - Ethyl - 3 - piperidyl benzilate N - Methyl - 3 - piperidyl benzilate Nefopam Octatropine methylbromide ( anisotropine methylbromide ) Orphenadrine Otenzepad ( AF - DX 116 ) Otilonium bromide Oxapium iodide Oxitropium bromide Oxybutynin Oxyphencyclimine Oxyphenonium bromide PBID PD - 102,807 PD - 0298029 Penthienate Pethidine pFHHSiD Phenglutarimide Phenyltoloxamine Pipenzolate bromide Piperidolate Pirenzepine Piroheptine Pizotifen Poldine Pridinol Prifinium bromide Procyclidine Profenamine ( ethopropazine ) Propantheline bromide Propiverine Quinidine Revefenacin Rociverine RU - 47,213 SCH - 57,790 SCH - 72,788 SCH - 217,443 Scopolamine ( hyoscine ) Scopolamine butylbromide ( hyoscine butylbromide ) Silahexacyclium Sofpironium bromide Solifenacin SSRIs ( e.g., femoxetine, paroxetine ) Telenzepine Terodiline Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine ) Tiemonium iodide Timepidium bromide Tiotropium bromide Tiquizium bromide Tofenacin Tolterodine Tricyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amitriptyline ( + perphenazine ), amitriptylinoxide, butriptyline, cidoxepin, clomipramine, desipramine, desmethyldesipramine, dibenzepin, dosulepin ( dothiepin ), doxepin, imipramine, lofepramine, nitroxazepine, northiaden ( desmethyldosulepin ), nortriptyline, protriptyline, quinupramine, trimipramine ) Tridihexethyl Trihexyphenidyl Trimebutine Tripitamine ( tripitramine ) Tropacine Tropatepine Tropicamide Trospium chloride Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, cyamemazine ( cyamepromazine ), loxapine, mesoridazine, thioridazine ) Umeclidinium bromide ( + vilanterol ) WIN - 2299 Xanomeline Zamifenacin Precursors ( and prodrugs ) Acetyl - coA Adafenoxate Choline ( lecithin ) Citicoline Cyprodenate Dimethylethanolamine Glycerophosphocholine Meclofenoxate ( centrophenoxine ) Phosphatidylcholine Phosphatidylethanolamine Phosphorylcholine Pirisudanol See also : Receptor / signaling modulators Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators Acetylcholine metabolism / transport modulators Serotonin receptor modulators 5 - HT 5 - HT Agonists : 8 - OH - DPAT Adatanserin Amphetamine Antidepressants ( e.g., etoperidone, hydroxynefazodone, nefazodone, trazodone, triazoledione, vilazodone, vortioxetine ) Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, clozapine, lurasidone, quetiapine, ziprasidone ) Azapirones ( e.g., buspirone, eptapirone, gepirone, perospirone, tandospirone ) Bay R 1531 Befiradol BMY - 14802 Cannabidiol Dimemebfe Dopamine Ebalzotan Eltoprazine Enciprazine Ergolines ( e.g., bromocriptine, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, lisuride, LSD, methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ), methysergide, pergolide ) F - 11461 F - 12826 F - 13714 F - 14679 F - 15063 F - 15599 Flesinoxan Flibanserin Flumexadol Lesopitron LY - 293284 LY - 301317 mCPP MKC - 242 Naluzotan NBUMP Osemozotan Oxaflozane Pardoprunox Piclozotan Rauwolscine Repinotan Roxindole RU - 24969 S - 14506 S - 14671 S - 15535 Sarizotan Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) SSR - 181507 Sunepitron Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - CT, 5 - MeO - DMT, 5 - MT, bufotenin, DMT, indorenate, N - Me - 5 - HT, psilocin, psilocybin ) TGBA01AD U-92016A Urapidil Vilazodone Xaliproden Yohimbine Antagonists : Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., iloperidone, risperidone, sertindole ) AV965 Beta blockers ( e.g., alprenolol, carteolol, cyanopindolol, iodocyanopindolol, isamoltane, oxprenolol, penbutolol, pindobind, pindolol, propranolol, tertatolol ) BMY - 7378 CSP - 2503 Dotarizine Ergolines ( e.g., metergoline ) Flopropione GR - 46611 Isamoltane Lecozotan Mefway Metitepine ( methiothepin ) MIN - 117 ( WF - 516 ) MPPF NAN - 190 Robalzotan S - 15535 SB - 649915 SDZ 216 - 525 Spiperone Spiramide Spiroxatrine UH - 301 WAY - 100135 WAY - 100635 Xylamidine Unknown / unsorted : Acetryptine Ergolines ( e.g., ergometrine ( ergonovine ) ) 5 - HT Agonists : CGS - 12066A CP - 93129 CP - 94253 CP - 122,288 CP - 135807 Eltoprazine Ergolines ( e.g., bromocriptine, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ), methysergide, pergolide ) mCPP RU - 24969 Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Triptans ( e.g., avitriptan, donitriptan, eletriptan, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan ) TFMPP Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - BT, 5 - CT, 5 - MT, DMT ) Vortioxetine Antagonists : AR - A000002 Beta blockers ( e.g., alprenolol, carteolol, isamoltane, oxprenolol, penbutolol, propranolol, tertatolol ) Elzasonan Ergolines ( e.g., metergoline ) GR - 127935 Isamoltane LY - 393558 Metitepine ( methiothepin ) SB - 216641 SB - 224289 SB - 236057 Yohimbine Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., cabergoline, ergometrine ( ergonovine ), lisuride ) 5 - HT Agonists : CP - 122,288 CP - 135807 CP - 286601 Ergolines ( e.g., bromocriptine, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, LSD, methysergide ) GR - 46611 L - 694247 L - 772405 mCPP PNU - 109291 PNU - 142633 Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) TGBA01AD Triptans ( e.g., almotriptan, avitriptan, donitriptan, eletriptan, frovatriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan ) Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - BT, 5 - CT, 5 - Et - DMT, 5 - MT, 5 - ( nonyloxy ) tryptamine, DMT ) Antagonists : Alniditan BRL - 15572 Elzasonan Ergolines ( e.g., metergoline ) GR - 127935 Ketanserin LY - 310762 LY - 367642 LY - 393558 LY - 456219 LY - 456220 Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Mianserin Ritanserin Yohimbine Ziprasidone Unknown / unsorted : Acetryptine Ergolines ( e.g., lisuride, lysergol, pergolide ) 5 - HT Agonists : BRL - 54443 Ergolines ( e.g., methysergide ) Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Triptans ( e.g., eletriptan ) Tryptamines ( e.g., tryptamine ) Antagonists : Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., ergometrine ( ergonovine ), lysergol, methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ) 5 - HT Agonists : BRL - 54443 CP - 122,288 Ergolines ( e.g., bromocriptine, lysergol, methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ) methysergide ) Lasmiditan LY - 334370 Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Triptans ( e.g., eletriptan, naratriptan, sumatriptan ) Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - MT ) Antagonists : Mianserin Metitepine ( methiothepin ) 5 - HT 5 - HT Agonists : 25H / NB series ( e.g., 25I - NBF, 25I - NBMD, 25I - NBOH, 25I - NBOMe, 25B - NBOMe, 25C - NBOMe, 25TFM - NBOMe, 2CBCB - NBOMe, 25CN - NBOH, 2CBFly - NBOMe ) 2Cs ( e.g., 2C - B, 2C - E, 2C - I, 2C - T - 2, 2C - T - 7, 2C - T - 21 ) 2C - B - FLY 2CB - Ind 5 - Methoxytryptamines ( 5 - MeO - DET, 5 - MeO - DiPT, 5 - MeO - DMT, 5 - MeO - DPT, 5 - MT ) α - Alkyltryptamines ( e.g., 5 - Cl - αMT, 5 - Fl - αMT, 5 - MeO - αET, 5 - MeO - αMT, α - Me - 5 - HT, αET, αMT ) AL - 34662 AL - 37350A Bromo - DragonFLY Dimemebfe DMBMPP DOx ( e.g., DOB, DOC, DOI, DOM ) Efavirenz Ergolines ( e.g., 1P - LSD, ALD - 52, bromocriptine, cabergoline, ergine ( LSA ), ergometrine ( ergonovine ), ergotamine, lisuride, LA - SS - Az, LSB, LSD, LSD - Pip, LSH, LSP, methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ), pergolide ) Flumexadol Jimscaline Lorcaserin MDxx ( e.g., MDA ( tenamfetamine ), MDMA ( midomafetamine ), MDOH, MMDA ) O - 4310 Oxaflozane PHA - 57378 PNU - 22394 PNU - 181731 RH - 34 Phenethylamines ( e.g., lophophine, mescaline ) Piperazines ( e.g., BZP, quipazine, TFMPP ) Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) TCB - 2 TFMFly Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - BT, 5 - CT, bufotenin, DET, DiPT, DMT, DPT, psilocin, psilocybin, tryptamine ) Antagonists : 5 - I - R91150 5 - MeO - NBpBrT AC - 90179 Adatanserin Altanserin Antihistamines ( e.g., cyproheptadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, perlapine ) AMDA Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., amperozide, aripiprazole, asenapine, blonanserin, brexpiprazole, carpipramine, clocapramine, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, gevotroline, iloperidone, lurasidone, melperone, mosapramine, ocaperidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, zicronapine, ziprasidone, zotepine ) Cinanserin CSP - 2503 Deramciclane Dotarizine Eplivanserin Ergolines ( e.g., amesergide, LY - 53857, LY - 215840, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide, sergolexole ) Fananserin Flibanserin Glemanserin Irindalone Ketanserin KML - 010 Landipirdine LY - 393558 mCPP Medifoxamine Metitepine ( methiothepin ) MIN - 101 MIN - 117 ( WF - 516 ) Naftidrofuryl Nantenine Nelotanserin Opiranserin ( VVZ - 149 ) Pelanserin Phenoxybenzamine Pimavanserin Pirenperone Pizotifen Pruvanserin Rauwolscine Ritanserin S - 14671 Sarpogrelate Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors ( e.g., etoperidone, hydroxynefazodone, lubazodone, mepiprazole, nefazodone, triazoledione, trazodone ) SR - 46349B TGBA01AD Teniloxazine Temanogrel Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, aptazapine, esmirtazapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine ) Tricyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amitriptyline ) Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, loxapine, perphenazine, pimozide, pipamperone, prochlorperazine, setoperone, spiperone, spiramide, thioridazine, thiothixene, trifluoperazine ) Volinanserin Xylamidine Yohimbine Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., dihydroergotamine, nicergoline ) 5 - HT Agonists : 4 - Methylaminorex Aminorex Amphetamines ( e.g., chlorphentermine, cloforex, dexfenfluramine, fenfluramine, levofenfluramine, norfenfluramine ) BW - 723C86 DOx ( e.g., DOB, DOC, DOI, DOM ) Ergolines ( e.g., cabergoline, dihydroergocryptine, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ), methysergide, pergolide ) Lorcaserin MDxx ( e.g., MDA ( tenamfetamine ), MDMA ( midomafetamine ), MDOH, ( MMDA ( drug ) Antagonists : Agomelatine Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., amisulpride, aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, clozapine, N - desalkylquetiapine ( norquetiapine ), N - desmethylclozapine ( norclozapine ), olanzapine, pipamperone, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone ) Cyproheptadine EGIS - 7625 Ergolines ( e.g., amesergide, bromocriptine, lisuride, LY - 53857, LY - 272015, mesulergine ) Ketanserin LY - 393558 mCPP Metadoxine Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Pirenperone Pizotifen Propranolol PRX - 08066 Rauwolscine Ritanserin RS - 127445 Sarpogrelate SB - 200646 SB - 204741 SB - 206553 SB - 215505 SB - 221284 SB - 228357 SDZ SER - 082 Tegaserod Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, mianserin, mirtazapine ) Trazodone Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., chlorpromazine ) TIK - 301 Yohimbine Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., ergometrine ( ergonovine ) ) 5 - HT Agonists : 2Cs ( e.g., 2C - B, 2C - E, 2C - I, 2C - T - 2, 2C - T - 7, 2C - T - 21 ) 5 - Methoxytryptamines ( 5 - MeO - DET, 5 - MeO - DiPT, 5 - MeO - DMT, 5 - MeO - DPT, 5 - MT ) α - Alkyltryptamines ( e.g., 5 - Cl - αMT, 5 - Fl - αMT, 5 - MeO - αET, 5 - MeO - αMT, α - Me - 5 - HT, αET, αMT ) A-372159 AL - 38022A Alstonine CP - 809101 Dimemebfe DOx ( e.g., DOB, DOC, DOI, DOM ) Ergolines ( e.g., ALD - 52, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergine ( LSA ), ergotamine, lisuride, LA - SS - Az, LSB, LSD, LSD - Pip, LSH, LSP, pergolide ) Flumexadol Lorcaserin MDxx ( e.g., MDA ( tenamfetamine ), MDMA ( midomafetamine ), MDOH, MMDA ) MK - 212 Org 12962 Org 37684 Oxaflozane PHA - 57378 Phenethylamines ( e.g., lophophine, mescaline ) Piperazines ( e.g., aripiprazole, BZP, mCPP, quipazine, TFMPP ) PNU - 22394 PNU - 181731 Ro60 - 0175 Ro60 - 0213 Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - BT, 5 - CT, bufotenin, DET, DiPT, DMT, DPT, psilocin, psilocybin, tryptamine ) Vabicaserin WAY - 629 WAY - 161503 YM - 348 Antagonists : Adatanserin Agomelatine Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., asenapine, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, iloperidone, melperone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone, zotepine ) Captodiame CEPC Cinanserin Cyproheptadine Deramciclane Desmetramadol Dotarizine Eltoprazine Ergolines ( e.g., amesergide, bromocriptine, LY - 53857, LY - 215840, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide, sergolexole ) Etoperidone Fluoxetine FR - 260010 Irindalone Ketanserin Ketotifen Latrepirdine ( dimebolin ) Medifoxamine Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Nefazodone Pirenperone Pizotifen Propranolol Ritanserin RS - 102221 S - 14671 SB - 200646 SB - 206553 SB - 221284 SB - 228357 SB - 242084 SB - 243213 SDZ SER - 082 Tedatioxetine Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, aptazapine, esmirtazapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine ) TIK - 301 Tramadol Trazodone Tricyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amitriptyline, nortriptyline ) Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., chlorpromazine, loxapine, pimozide, pipamperone, thioridazine ) Xylamidine Unknown / unsorted : Efavirenz Ergolines ( e.g., ergometrine ( ergonovine ), methylergometrine ( methylergonovine ) ) 5 - HT 5 - HT Agonists : Alcohols ( e.g., butanol, ethanol ( alcohol ), trichloroethanol ) m - CPBG Phenylbiguanide Piperazines ( e.g., BZP, mCPP, quipazine ) RS - 56812 Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) SR - 57227 SR - 57227A Tryptamines ( e.g., 2 - Me - 5 - HT, 5 - CT, bufotenidine ( 5 - HTQ ) ) Volatiles / gases ( e.g., halothane, isoflurane, toluene, trichloroethane ) YM - 31636 Antagonists : Alosetron AS - 8112 Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine ) Azasetron Batanopride Bemesetron ( MDL - 72222 ) Bupropion Cilansetron CSP - 2503 Dazopride Dolasetron Galanolactone Granisetron Hydroxybupropion ICS - 205930 Lerisetron Memantine Ondansetron Palonosetron Ramosetron Renzapride Ricasetron Tedatioxetine Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, mianserin, mirtazapine ) Thujone Tropanserin Tropisetron Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., loxapine ) Volatiles / gases ( e.g., nitrous oxide, sevoflurane, xenon ) Vortioxetine Zacopride Zatosetron Unknown / unsorted : LY - 53857 Piperazines ( e.g., naphthylpiperazine ) 5 - HT Agonists : 5 - MT BIMU8 Capeserod Cinitapride Cisapride CJ - 033466 Dazopride Metoclopramide Minesapride Mosapride Prucalopride PRX - 03140 Renzapride RS - 67333 RS - 67506 Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Tegaserod Velusetrag Zacopride Antagonists : GR - 113808 GR - 125487 L - Lysine Piboserod RS - 39604 RS - 67532 SB - 203186 SB - 204070 5 - HT Agonists : Ergolines ( e.g., 2 - Br - LSD ( BOL - 148 ), ergotamine, LSD ) Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - CT ) Valerenic Acid Antagonists : Asenapine Latrepirdine ( dimebolin ) Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Ritanserin SB - 699551 Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., metergoline, methysergide ) Piperazines ( e.g., naphthylpiperazine ) 5 - HT Agonists : Ergolines ( e.g., dihydroergocryptine, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, lisuride, LSD, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide ) Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Tryptamines ( e.g., 2 - Me - 5 - HT, 5 - BT, 5 - CT, 5 - MT, Bufotenin, E-6801, E-6837, EMD - 386088, EMDT, LY - 586713, N - Me - 5 - HT, tryptamine ) WAY - 181187 WAY - 208466 Antagonists : ABT - 354 Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., aripiprazole, asenapine, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, iloperidone, olanzapine, tiospirone ) AVN - 101 AVN - 211 AVN - 322 AVN - 397 BGC20 - 760 BVT - 5182 BVT - 74316 Cerlapirdine EGIS - 12233 GW - 742457 Idalopirdine Ketanserin Landipirdine Latrepirdine ( dimebolin ) Metitepine ( methiothepin ) MS - 245 PRX - 07034 Ritanserin Ro 04 - 6790 Ro 63 - 0563 SB - 258585 SB - 271046 SB - 357134 SB - 399885 SB - 742457 Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, mianserin ) Tricyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, nortriptyline ) Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., chlorpromazine, loxapine ) Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., 2 - Br - LSD ( BOL - 148 ), bromocriptine, lergotrile, pergolide ) Piperazines ( e.g., naphthylpiperazine ) 5 - HT Agonists : 8 - OH - DPAT AS - 19 Bifeprunox E-55888 Ergolines ( e.g., LSD ) LP - 12 LP - 44 RU - 24969 Sarizotan Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) Triptans ( e.g., frovatriptan ) Tryptamines ( e.g., 5 - CT, 5 - MT, bufotenin, N - Me - 5 - HT ) Antagonists : Atypical antipsychotics ( e.g., amisulpride, aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, olanzapine, risperidone, sertindole, tiospirone, ziprasidone, zotepine ) Butaclamol DR - 4485 EGIS - 12233 Ergolines ( e.g., 2 - Br - LSD ( BOL - 148 ), amesergide, bromocriptine, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, LY - 53857, LY - 215840, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide, sergolexole ) JNJ - 18038683 Ketanserin LY - 215840 Metitepine ( methiothepin ) Ritanserin SB - 258719 SB - 258741 SB - 269970 SB - 656104 SB - 656104A SB - 691673 SLV - 313 SLV - 314 Spiperone SSR - 181507 Tetracyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amoxapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine ) Tricyclic antidepressants ( e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine, imipramine ) Typical antipsychotics ( e.g., acetophenazine, chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, fluphenazine, loxapine, pimozide ) Vortioxetine Unknown / unsorted : Ergolines ( e.g., lisuride, pergolide ) Piperazines ( e.g., naphthylpiperazine ) See also : Receptor / signaling modulators Adrenergics Dopaminergics Melatonergics Monoamine reuptake inhibitors and releasing agents Monoamine metabolism modulators Monoamine neurotoxins Sigma receptor modulators σ Agonists : 3 - PPP 4 - PPBP 5 - MeO - DMT Alazocine ( SKF - 10047 ) Amantadine ANAVEX2 - 73 Arketamine BD - 737 BD - 1052 Captodiame Citalopram CGRP Cloperastine Cocaine Cutamesine ( SA - 4503 ) Cyclazocine Dehydroepiandrosterone ( DHEA ) ( prasterone ) Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate ( DHEA - S ) ( prasterone sulfate ) Dextrallorphan Dextromethorphan ( DXM ) Dextrorphan ( DXO ) Dimemorfan Dimethyltryptamine ( DMT ) Ditolylguanidine ( DTG ) Donepezil Eliprodil Escitalopram Fabomotizole ( afobazole ) Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Ifenprodil Igmesine ( JO - 1784 ) IPAB Ketamine L - 687384 MDMA ( midomafetamine ) Memantine Methamphetamine Methoxetamine Methylphenidate Nepinalone Neuropeptide Y Noscapine OPC - 14523 Opipramol Pentazocine Pentoxyverine ( carbetapentane ) PRE-084 Pregnenolone Pregnenolone sulfate Pridopidine Racemethorphan ( methorphan ) Racemorphan ( morphanol ) UMB - 23 UMB - 82 Antagonists : 3 - PPP AC - 927 BD - 1008 BD - 1031 BD - 1047 BD - 1060 BD - 1063 BD - 1067 BMY - 14802 ( BMS - 181100 ) CM - 156 Dup - 734 E-5842 E-52862 ( S1RA ) Haloperidol LR - 132 LR - 172 MS - 377 NE - 100 NPC - 16377 Panamesine ( EMD - 57455 ) PD - 144418 Pentazocine Progesterone Rimcazole ( BW - 234U ) Sertraline SR - 31742A Allosteric modulators : Phenytoin ; Positive : Methylphenylpiracetam SOMCL - 668 Unknown / unsorted : 3 - Methoxydextrallorphan 3 - MeO - PCP 4C - T - 2 4 - IBP 4 - IPBS 4 - MeO - PCP 5 - MeO - DALT 5 - MeO - DiPT Amitriptyline Azidopamil Chlorpromazine Clemastine Clomipramine Clorgiline D - Deprenyl DiPT DPT Ibogaine Imipramine KCR - 12 - 83.1 Nemonapride Noribogaine RHL - 033 RS - 67,333 RTI - 55 Saffron Safinamide Selegiline Spipethiane Trifluoperazine W - 18 YKP10A σ Agonists : 3 - PPP Arketamine BD - 1047 BD1063 Ditolylguanidine ( DTG ) DKR - 1005 DKR - 1051 Haloperidol Ifenprodil Ketamine MDMA ( midomafetamine ) Methamphetamine OPC - 14523 Opipramol PB - 28 Phencyclidine Siramesine ( Lu 28 - 179 ) UKH - 1114 Antagonists : AC - 927 BD - 1008 BD - 1067 CM - 156 CT - 1812 LR - 172 MIN - 101 Panamesine ( EMD - 57455 ) SAS - 0132 Unknown / unsorted : 3 - Methoxydextrallorphan 3 - MeO - PCE 4 - MeO - PCP 5 - MeO - DALT 5 - MeO - DiPT Clemastine DiPT DPT Ibogaine Nemonapride Nepinalone Noribogaine Pentazocine RS - 67,333 Safinamide TMA UMB - 23 UMB - 82 W - 18 Unsorted Agonists : Berberine Ethylketazocine Fourphit Metaphit Nalbuphine Naluzotan Tapentadol Tenocyclidine Antagonists : AHD1 AZ66 Lamotrigine Naloxone SM - 21 UMB - 100 UMB - 101 UMB - 103 UMB - 116 YZ - 011 YZ - 069 YZ - 185 Allosteric modulators : SKF - 83959 Unknown / unsorted : 18 - Methoxycoronaridine BMY - 13980 Butaclamol Caramiphen Carvotroline Chlorphenamine ( chlorpheniramine ) Chlorpromazine Cinnarizine Cinuperone Clocapramine Dezocine EMD - 59983 Hypericin ( St. John 's wort ) Fluphenazine Gevotroline ( WY - 47384 ) Mepyramine ( pyrilamine ) Molindone Perphenazine Pimozide Proadifen Promethazine Propranolol Quinidine Remoxipride SL 82.0715 SR - 31747A Tiospirone ( BMY - 13859 ) Venlafaxine See also : Receptor / signaling modulators Tricyclics Classes Acridine Anthracene Dibenzazepine Dibenzocycloheptene Dibenzodiazepine Dibenzothiazepine Dibenzothiepin Dibenzoxazepine Dibenzoxepin Phenothiazine Pyridazinobenzoxazine Pyridinobenzodiazepine Thioxanthene Antidepressants ( TCAs and TeCAs ) 7 - OH - Amoxapine Amezepine Amineptine Amitriptyline Amitriptylinoxide Amoxapine Aptazapine Azepindole Azipramine Batelapine Butriptyline Cianopramine Ciclazindol Ciclopramine Cidoxepin Clomipramine Cotriptyline Cyanodothiepin Demexiptiline Depramine ( balipramine ) Desipramine ( desmethylimipramine ) Desmethylclomipramine Desmethyltrimipramine Dibenzepin Dimetacrine Dosulepin ( dothiepin ) Doxepin Enprazepine Esmirtazapine Fantridone Fluotracen Hepzidine Homopipramol Imipramine Imipraminoxide Intriptyline Iprindole Ketipramine Litracen Lofepramine Losindole Loxapine Maprotiline Mariptiline Mazindol Melitracen Metapramine Mezepine Mianserin Mirtazapine Monometacrine Naranol Nitroxazepine Norbutriptyline Nordoxepin Northiaden ( nordosulepin ) Nortriptyline ( noramitriptyline ) Noxiptiline Octriptyline Opipramol Oxaprotiline Pipofezine Pirandamine Propizepine Protriptyline Quinupramine Setiptiline ( teciptiline ) Spiroxepin Tandamine Tampramine Tianeptine Tienopramine Trimipramine Antihistamines Azatadine Clobenzepam Cyproheptadine Dacemazine Deptropine Desloratadine Epinastine Etymemazine Fenethazine Hydroxyethylpromethazine Isopromethazine Isothipendyl Ketotifen Latrepirdine Loratadine Mebhydrolin Mequitazine Methdilazine Olopatadine Oxomemazine Phenindamine Pimethixene Promethazine Propiomazine Rupatadine Thiazinamium Antipsychotics Acetophenazine Alimemazine Amoxapine Asenapine Butaclamol Butaperazine Carfenazine ( carphenazine ) Carpipramine Chlorpromazine Chlorprothixene Ciclindole Citatepine Clocapramine Clomacran Clorotepine Clotiapine Clozapine Cyanothepin Doclothepin Docloxythepin Erizepine Flucindole Flumezapine Fluotracen Flupentixol Fluphenazine Gevotroline Homopipramol Isofloxythepin Levomepromazine / Methotrimeprazine Loxapine Lurasidone Maroxepin Meperathiepin Mesoridazine Metiapine Metitepine Metoxepin Mosapramine Naranol Octomethothepin Olanzapine Oxyclothepin Oxyprothepin Pentiapine Peradithiepin Perathiepin Perazine Perphenazine Periciazine Pinoxepin Piperacetazine Pipotiazine Piquindone Prochlorperazine Promazine Prothipendyl Quetiapine Savoxepin / Cipazoxapine Sulforidazine Tenilapine Thiethylperazine Thiopropazate Thioridazine Thiothixene Tilozepine Traboxopine Trifluoperazine Triflupromazine Trifluthepin Zotepine Zuclopenthixol Anticonvulsants Carbamazepine Dizocilpine Eslicarbazepine Eslicarbazepine acetate Etazepine Licarbazepine Oxcarbazepine Oxitriptyline Rispenzepine Others Adosopine Aminopromazine Atiprosin Beloxepin Benzoctamine Carvedilol Cidoxepin Cyclobenzaprine Damotepine Darenzepine Elanzepine Fluradoline Methylene blue Monatepil Nuvenzepine Oxetorone Perlapine P7C3 Pinadoline Pirenzepine Pirolate Pitrazepin Pizotifen Profenamine Serazapine Siltenzepine Telenzepine Tipindole Tropatepine Zolenzepine Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricyclic_antidepressant&oldid=833643718 '' Categories : Chemical classes of psychoactive drugs Tricyclic antidepressants Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Deutsch Eesti Español فارسی Français Italiano עברית Lietuvių Македонски 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 15 more Edit links This page was last edited on 1 April 2018, at 19 : 00. 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Question: what is an example of a tricyclic antidepressant
Answer: Amineptine