Bermuda - wikipedia Bermuda This article is about the British Overseas Territory. For other uses, see Bermuda ( disambiguation ). An automated process has detected links on this page on the local or global blacklist. If the links are appropriate you may request whitelisting by following these instructions ; otherwise consider removing or replacing them with more appropriate links. ( To hide this tag, set the `` invisible '' field to `` true '' ) List of blacklisted links : http://bearboat.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/tvlbt-bda-bd-11feb09_sailingtravel1.pdf Triggered by \bfiles . wordpress . com \b on the global blacklist Coordinates : 32 ° 20 ′ N 64 ° 45 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 32.333 ° N 64.750 ° W ﻿ / 32.333 ; - 64.750 Bermuda Flag Coat of arms Motto : `` Quo Fata Ferunt '' ( Latin ) `` Whither the Fates carry ( us ) '' Anthem : `` God Save the Queen '' ( official ) `` Hail to Bermuda '' ( unofficial ) `` All the Bermudians '' ( unofficial ) Location of Bermuda ( circled in red ) in the Atlantic Ocean ( blue ) Status British Overseas Territory Capital Hamilton 32 ° 18 ′ N 64 ° 47 ′ W ﻿ / ﻿ 32.300 ° N 64.783 ° W ﻿ / 32.300 ; - 64.783 Largest city St George 's Official languages English Ethnic groups ( 2010 ) 54 % Black 31 % White 8 % Multiracial 4 % Asian 3 % Other Demonym Bermudian Government Parliamentary dependency under constitutional monarchy Monarch Elizabeth II Governor John Rankin Premier E. David Burt Responsible Minister ( UK ) Baroness Anelay of St John 's Legislature Parliament Upper house Senate Lower house House of Assembly Area Total 53.2 km ( 20.5 sq mi ) Water ( % ) 27 Population 2016 census 65,331 Density 1,275 / km ( 3,302.2 / sq mi ) ( 9th ) GDP ( nominal ) 2014 estimate Total $5.60 billion ( 161th ( estimate ) ) Per capita $89,795 ( 4th ) HDI ( 2008 ) 0.981 very high Currency Bermudian dollar ( BMD ) Time zone AST ( UTC -- 4 ) Summer ( DST ) ADT ( UTC -- 3 ) Date format dd / mm / yyyy ( AD ) Drives on the left Calling code + 1 - 441 ISO 3166 code BM Internet TLD. bm This song is also used at international sporting events such as the Olympic Games. ( `` Bermuda -- London 2012 Olympics ''. Telegraph. July 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012. ) For the Overseas Territories. On par with United States dollar. Bermuda ( / bərˈmjuːdə / ) is a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is approximately 1,070 km ( 665 mi ) east - southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina ; 1,236 km ( 768 mi ) south of Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia ; and 1,578 km ( 981 mi ) north of Puerto Rico. The capital city is Hamilton. Bermuda is an associate member of Caribbean Community ( CARICOM ). Bermuda 's economy is based on offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism, the two largest economic sectors. Bermuda had one of the world 's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century and several years beyond. Recently, its economic status has been affected by the global recession. It has a subtropical climate. Bermuda is the northernmost point of the Bermuda Triangle, a region of sea in which, according to legend, a number of aircraft and surface vessels have disappeared under supposedly unexplained or mysterious circumstances. The island is in the hurricane belt and prone to related severe weather ; however, it is somewhat protected by a coral reef that surrounds the island and its position at the north of the belt, which limits the direction and severity of approaching storms. Contents 1 History 1.1 Pre-settlement 1.2 Settlement by the English 1.3 Company colony 1.4 Civil War 1.5 Maritime economy 1.6 Bermuda and the American War of Independence 1.7 Fortress Bermuda 1.8 Anglo - Boer War 1.9 Economic and political development 2 Geography 2.1 Main sights 2.2 Geology 2.3 Climate 2.4 Flora and fauna 3 Demographics 3.1 Languages 3.2 Religion 4 Politics 4.1 Government organization 4.2 Administrative divisions 4.3 Role in international relations 4.3. 1 Asylum offered to four former Guantánamo detainees 4.3. 2 Caribbean Community 4.4 Military 5 Economy 6 Education 7 Culture 7.1 Arts 7.2 Sports 8 Health 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External links History Main article : History of Bermuda The first person known to have reached Bermuda was the Spanish sea captain Juan de Bermúdez in 1503, after whom the islands are named. He claimed the islands for the Spanish Empire. Bermúdez never landed on the islands, but made two visits to the archipelago, of which he created a recognisable map. Shipwrecked Portuguese mariners are now thought to have been responsible for the 1543 inscription on Portuguese Rock ( previously called Spanish Rock ). Subsequent Spanish or other European parties are believed to have released pigs there, which had become feral and abundant on the island by the time European settlement began. In 1609, the English Virginia Company, which had established Jamestown in Virginia two years earlier, permanently settled Bermuda in the aftermath of a hurricane, when the crew and passengers of the Sea Venture steered the ship onto the surrounding reef to prevent its sinking, then landed ashore. The island was administered as an extension of Virginia by the Company until 1614. Its spin - off, the Somers Isles Company, took over in 1615 and managed the colony until 1684. At that time, the company 's charter was revoked, and the English Crown took over administration. The islands became a British colony following the 1707 unification of the parliaments of Scotland and England, which created the Kingdom of Great Britain. After 1949, when Newfoundland became part of Canada, Bermuda became the oldest remaining British overseas territory. After the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997, Bermuda became the most populous remaining dependent territory ( from 2002 overseas territory ). Its first capital, St. George 's, was established in 1612. Pre-settlement First map of the island of Bermuda in 1511, made by Peter Martyr d'Anghiera in his book Legatio Babylonica Bermuda was discovered in 1503 by Spanish explorer Juan de Bermúdez. It is mentioned in Legatio Babylonica, published in 1511 by historian Pedro Mártir de Anglería, and was also included on Spanish charts of that year. Both Spanish and Portuguese ships used the islands as a replenishment spot to take on fresh meat and water. Legends arose of spirits and devils, now thought to have stemmed from the calls of raucous birds ( most likely the Bermuda petrel, or cahow ) and the loud noise heard at night from wild hogs. Combined with the frequent storm - wracked conditions and the dangerous reefs, the archipelago became known as the Isle of Devils. Neither Spain nor Portugal attempted to settle it. Settlement by the English John Smith wrote one of the first histories of Bermuda in 1624 ( combined with Virginia and New England ). For the next century, the island is believed to have been visited frequently, but not settled. After the failure of the first two English colonies in Virginia, a more determined effort was initiated by King James I of England, who granted a Royal Charter to the Virginia Company. It established a colony at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Two years later, a flotilla of seven ships left England under the Company 's Admiral, Sir George Somers, and the new Governor of Jamestown, Sir Thomas Gates, with several hundred settlers, food and supplies to relieve the colony of Jamestown. Somers had previous experience sailing with both Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh. The flotilla was broken up by a storm. As the flagship, the Sea Venture, was taking on water, Somers drove it onto Bermuda 's reef and gained the shores safely with smaller boats -- all 150 passengers and a dog survived. ( William Shakespeare 's play The Tempest, in which the character Ariel refers to the `` still - vex 'd Bermoothes '' ( I. ii. 229 ), is thought to have been inspired by William Strachey 's account of this shipwreck. ) They stayed 10 months, starting a new settlement and building two small ships to sail to Jamestown. The group of islands were claimed for the English Crown, and the charter of the Virginia Company was later extended to include them. In 1610, all but three of the survivors of the Sea Venture sailed on to Jamestown. Among them was John Rolfe, whose wife and child died and were buried in Bermuda. Later in Jamestown he married Pocahontas, a daughter of the powerful Powhatan, leader of a large confederation of about 30 Algonquian - speaking tribes in coastal Virginia. In 1612, the English began intentional settlement of Bermuda with the arrival of the ship Plough. St. George 's was settled that year and designated as Bermuda 's first capital. It is the oldest continually inhabited English town in the New World. In 1615, the colony was passed to a new company, the Somers Isles Company, named after the admiral who saved his passengers from the Sea Venture. Many Virginian place names refer to the archipelago, such as Bermuda City, and Bermuda Hundred. The first English coins to circulate in North America were struck in Bermuda. Company colony The archipelago 's limited land area and resources led to the creation of what may be the earliest conservation laws of the New World. In 1616 and 1620 acts were passed banning the hunting of certain birds and young tortoises. Civil War In 1649, the English Civil War was in its seventh year and King Charles I was beheaded in Whitehall, London. In Bermuda, related tensions resulted in civil war on the island ; it was ended by militias. The majority of colonists developed a strong sense of devotion to the Crown. Dissenters, such as Puritans and Independents, were pushed to settle the Bahamas under William Sayle. Bermuda and Virginia, as well as Antigua and Barbados were, however, the subjects of an Act of the Rump Parliament which was essentially a declaration of war. An Act prohibiting Trade with Barbados, Virginia, Bermuda and Antego, specified that : due punishment ( be ) inflicted upon the said Delinquents, do Declare all and every the said persons in Barbada 's, Antego, Bermuda 's and Virginia, that have contrived, abetted, aided or assisted those horrid Rebellions, or have since willingly joyned with them, to be notorious Robbers and Traitors, and such as by the Law of Nations are not to be permitted any maner of Commerce or Traffique with any people whatsoever ; and do forbid to all maner of persons, Foreiners, and others, all maner of Commerce, Traffique and Correspondency whatsoever, to be used or held with the said Rebels in the Barbada 's, Bermuda 's, Virginia and Antego, or either of them. All Ships that Trade with the Rebels may be surprised. Goods and tackle of such ships not to be embezeled, till judgement in the Admiralty. ; Two or three of the Officers of every ship to be examined upon oath. The Royalist colonies were also threatened with invasion. The Government of Bermuda eventually reached an agreement with the Parliamentarians in England which left the status quo in Bermuda. Maritime economy Bermuda Gazette of 12 November 1796, calling for privateering against Spain and its allies ; it has advertisements for crew for two privateer vessels. In the 17th century, the Somers Isles Company suppressed shipbuilding, as it needed Bermudians to farm in order for it to generate income from the land. The colony of Virginia far surpassed Bermuda in both quality and quantity of tobacco produced. Bermudians began to turn to maritime trades relatively early in the 17th century, but the Somers Isles Company used all its authority to suppress turning away from agriculture. This interference led to the islanders demanding, and receiving, the revocation of the Company 's charter in 1684, and the Company was dissolved. Bermudians rapidly abandoned agriculture for shipbuilding, replanting farmland with the native juniper ( Juniperus bermudiana, called Bermuda cedar ) trees that grew thickly over the entire island. Establishing effective control over the Turks Islands, Bermudians deforested their landscape to begin the salt trade. It became the world 's largest and remained the cornerstone of Bermuda 's economy for the next century. Bermudian sailors and merchants relied on more than the export of salt, however. They vigorously pursued whaling, privateering, and the merchant trade. The Bermuda sloop became highly regarded for its speed and manoeuvrability, and was soon adapted for service with the Royal Navy. The Bermuda sloop HMS Pickle carried despatches of the victory at Trafalgar, and news of the death of Admiral Nelson, to England. Bermuda and the American War of independence Bermuda 's ambivalence towards the American rebellion changed in Sept. 1774, when the Continental Congress resolved to ban trade with Great Britain, Ireland, and the West Indies after 10 Sept. 1775. Such an embargo would mean the collapse of their intercolonial commerce, famine and civil unrest. Lacking political channels with Great Britain, the Tucker Family met in May 1775 with eight other parishioners, and resolved to send delegates to the Continental Congress in July, with the goal of an exemption from the ban. Henry Tucker noted a clause in the ban which allowed the exchange of American goods for military supplies. This clause was confirmed by Benjamin Franklin when Tucker met with the Pennsylvania Committee of Safety. Independently, Tucker 's sons St. George and Thomas Tudor confirmed this business arrangement with Peyton Randolph and the Charlestown Committee of Safety, while another Bermudian, Harris, did so with George Washington. Three American vessels, independently operating from Charlestown, Philadelphia and Newport, all headed to Bermuda. On 14 Aug., 100 barrels of gunpowder were taken from the Bermudian magazine, while Governor George James Bruere slept, and loaded onto these vessels. As a consequence, on 2 Oct. the Continental Congress exempted Bermuda from their trade ban. Bermuda thus acquired a reputation for disloyalty. Parliament then prohibited trade with the American rebelling colonies in the 1775 Prohibitory Act, and sent the HMS Scorpion to keep watch over the island. The island 's forts were stripped of cannon, such that by the end of 1775, all of Bermuda 's forts were without cannon, shot and powder. Yet, wartime trade of contraband continued along well established family connections. With 120 vessels by 1775, Bermuda continued to trade with St. Eustatius through 1781, and provided salt to North American ports, despite the presence of hundreds of privateers. In June 1776, the HMS Nautilus secured the island, followed by the HMS Galatea in Sept. Yet, the two British captains seemed more intent on capturing prize money, causing a severe food shortage on the island until the departure of Nautilus in Oct. After France 's entry into the war in 1778, Sir Henry Clintonrefortified and garrisoned the island under the command of Major William Sutherland. As a result, 91 French and American ships were captured in the winter of 1778 - 1779, bringing the population once again to the brink of starvation. Bermudian trade was severely hampered by the combination of the Royal Navy, the British garrison and loyalist privateers, such that famine struck the island in 1779. The death of George Bruere in 1780, turned the governorship over to his son, George Jr., an active loyalist. Under his leadership, smuggling was stopped, and the Bermudian colonial government populated with like - minded loyalists. Even Henry Tucker abandoned trading with the United States, because of the presence of many privateers. Loyalist privateers based in Bermuda captured 114 prizes between 1777 and 1781, while 130 were captured in 1782. Fortress Bermuda Main article : Military of Bermuda An illustration of the Devonshire Redoubt, Bermuda, 1614. After the American Revolution, the Royal Navy began improving the harbours. In 1811, it started building the large dockyard on Ireland Island, in the west of the chain, to serve as its principal naval base guarding the western Atlantic Ocean shipping lanes. To guard it, the British Army built up a large Bermuda Garrison, and heavily fortified the archipelago. During the War of 1812 between Britain and the United States, the British attacks on Washington, D.C. and the Chesapeake were planned and launched from Bermuda, where the headquarters of the Royal Navy 's North American Station had recently been moved from Halifax, Nova Scotia. The harbour at St. George In 1816, James Arnold, the son of Benedict Arnold, fortified Bermuda 's Royal Naval Dockyard against possible US attacks. Today, the National Museum of Bermuda, which incorporates Bermuda 's Maritime Museum, occupies the Keep of the Royal Naval Dockyard, including the Commissioner 's House, and exhibits artifacts of the base 's military history. As a result of Bermuda 's proximity to the southeastern US coast, during the American Civil War Confederate States blockade runners frequently used it as a stopping point base for runs to and from the Southern states or England to evade Union naval vessels on blockade patrol, delivering much needed war goods from England and for transporting much needed cotton back to England. The old Globe Hotel in St George 's, which was a centre of intrigue for Confederate agents, is preserved as a public museum. Anglo - Boer War During the Anglo - Boer War ( 1899 -- 1902 ), 5,000 Boer prisoners of war were housed on five islands of Bermuda. They were located according to their views of the war. `` Bitterenders '' ( Afrikaans : Bittereinders ), who refused to pledge allegiance to the British Crown, were interned on Darrell 's Island and closely guarded. Other islands such as Morgan 's Island held 884 men, including 27 officers ; Tucker 's Island held 809 Boer prisoners, Burt 's Island 607, and Port 's Island held 35. The New York Times reported an attempted mutiny by Boer prisoners of war en route to Bermuda and that martial law was enacted on Darrell 's Island, in addition to the escape of three Boer prisoners to mainland Bermuda, a young Boer soldier stowed away and sailed from Bermuda to New York on the steamship Trinidad. The most famous escapee was the Boer prisoner of war Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne who was serving a life sentence for `` conspiracy against the British government and on ( the charge of ) espionage. ''. On the night of 25 June 1902, Duquesne slipped out of his tent, worked his way over a barbed - wire fence, swam 1.5 miles ( 2.4 km ) past patrol boats and bright spot lights, through storm - wracked waters, using the distant Gibbs Hill Lighthouse for navigation until he arrived ashore on the main island. From there he escaped to the port of St. George 's and a week later, he stowed away on a boat heading to Baltimore, Maryland. He settled in the US and later became a spy for Germany in both World Wars. He claimed to be responsible for the 1916 death of Lord Herbert Kitchener in the sinking of HMS Hampshire, the head of the British Army who had also commanded British forces in South Africa during the second Boer War, but this had resulted from a mine. In 1942, Col. Duquesne was arrested by the FBI for leading the Duquesne Spy Ring, which still to this day the largest espionage case in the history of the United States. Lord Kitchener 's brother, Lt. Gen. Sir Walter Kitchener, had been the Governor of Bermuda from 1908 until his death in 1912. His son, Major Hal Kitchener, bought Hinson 's Island ( with his partner, Major Hemming, another First World War aviator ). The island had formerly been part of the Boer POW camp, housing teenaged prisoners from 1901 to 1902. Economic and political development Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip visiting Bermuda in 1953. Hamilton Harbour in the mid-1920s. The SS Queen of Bermuda in Hamilton Harbour, December 1952 / January 1953. In the early 20th century, as modern transport and communication systems developed, Bermuda became a popular destination for American, Canadian and British tourists arriving by sea. The United States 1930 Smoot -- Hawley Tariff Act enacted protective tariffs. It cut off Bermuda 's once - thriving agricultural export trade to the US and encouraged its development of tourism as an alternative. After several failed attempts, in 1930 the first aeroplane reached Bermuda. A Stinson Detroiter seaplane flying from New York City, it had to land twice in the ocean : once because of darkness and again to refuel. Navigation and weather forecasting improved in 1933 when the Royal Air Force ( then responsible for providing equipment and personnel for the Royal Navy 's Fleet Air Arm ) established a station at the Royal Naval Dockyard to repair ( and supply replacement ) float planes for the fleet. In 1936 Luft Hansa began to experiment with seaplane flights from Berlin via the Azores with continuation to New York City. In 1937, Imperial Airways and Pan American World Airways began operating scheduled flying - boat airline services from New York and Baltimore to Darrell 's Island, Bermuda. In 1948, regularly scheduled commercial airline service by land - based aeroplanes began to Kindley Field ( now L.F. Wade International Airport ), helping tourism to reach its peak in the 1960s -- 1970s. By the end of the 1970s, international business had supplanted tourism as the dominant sector of Bermuda 's economy ( see Economy of Bermuda ). The Royal Naval Dockyard, and the attendant military garrison, continued to be important to Bermuda 's economy until the mid-20th century. In addition to considerable building work, the armed forces needed to source food and other materials from local vendors. Beginning in World War II, US military installations also were located in Bermuda ( see `` Military '' section below and Military of Bermuda ). Universal adult suffrage and the development of a two - party political system occurred in the 1960s. Before universal suffrage, adopted as part of Bermuda 's Constitution in 1967, voting was dependent on a certain level of property ownership. ( see `` Politics '' section, below, and Politics of Bermuda ). On 10 March 1973, the Governor of Bermuda Richard Sharples was assassinated by local Black Power militants during a period of civil unrest. In 1995 an independence vote was conducted, and failed. Geography View from the top of Gibb 's Hill Lighthouse Landsat 8 satellite image Bermuda pictured from the International Space Station Topographic map of Bermuda Main article : Geography of Bermuda Bermuda is a group of low - forming volcanoes in the Atlantic Ocean, near the western edge of the Sargasso Sea, roughly 578 nautical miles ( 1,070 km ( 665 mi ) ) east - southeast of Cape Hatteras on the Outer Banks of North Carolina and about 594 nautical miles ( 1,100 km ( 684 mi ) ) southeast of Martha 's Vineyard of Massachusetts. It is 898 nautical miles ( 1,664 km ( 1,034 mi ) ) northeast of Miami, Florida, and 667 nautical miles ( 1,236 km ( 768 mi ) ) from Cape Sable Island, in Nova Scotia, Canada. The islands lie due east of Fripp Island, South Carolina, west - northwest of Cape Verde, southeast of New York City, New York, north - northwest of Brazil and north of Puerto Rico. It has 103 km ( 64 mi ) of coastline. The two incorporated municipalities in Bermuda are the City of Hamilton and the Town of St George. Bermuda is divided into nine parishes, which have some localities called villages, such as Flatts Village and Somerset Village. Although usually referred to in the singular, the territory consists of 181 islands, with a total area of 53.3 square kilometres ( 20.6 square miles ). The largest island is Main Island, sometimes called Bermuda. Eight of the larger islands are connected by bridges, and are the populated islands. Compiling a list of the islands is often complicated, as many have more than one name ( as does the entire archipelago, which has also been known historically as La Garza, Virgineola, and the Isle of Devils. Somers Isles is often rendered `` Somers Islands '', or mistaken for `` Summer Isles '' ). Despite the small land mass, place names are repeated : two islands named Long Island, three bays named Long Bay ( on Somerset, Main, and Cooper 's islands ), two Horseshoe Bays ( one in Southampton, on the Main Island, the other at Morgan 's Point, formerly Tucker 's Island ), two roads through cuttings called Khyber Pass, one in Warwick, the other in St. George 's Parish, and two St George 's Towns on St George 's Island in St George 's Parish, each known as St George 's. There is a Hamilton Parish in addition to the City of Hamilton in Pembroke Parish. Main sights One of Bermuda 's pink - sand beaches at Astwood Park. Bermuda 's pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters are popular with tourists. Many of Bermuda 's few hotels are located along the south shore of the island. In addition to its beaches, there are a number of sightseeing attractions. Historic St George 's is a designated World Heritage Site. Scuba divers can explore numerous wrecks and coral reefs in relatively shallow water ( typically 30 -- 40 ft or 9 -- 12 m in depth ), with virtually unlimited visibility. Many nearby reefs are readily accessible from shore by snorkellers, especially at Church Bay. Bermuda 's most popular visitor attraction is the Royal Naval Dockyard, which includes the Bermuda Maritime Museum. Other attractions include the Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo, Bermuda Underwater Exploration Institute, the Botanical Gardens and Masterworks Museum of Bermuda Art, lighthouses, and the Crystal Caves with stalactites and underground saltwater pools. It is not possible to rent a car on the island ; public transport and taxis are available or visitors can hire scooters for use as private transport. Geology NOAA Ocean Explorer Bermuda Geologic Map. where red denotes the Walsingham Formation, purple denotes the Town Hill and Belmont Formations, green denotes the Rocky Bay and Southampton Formations, and white is fill associated with the airport Bermuda consists of more than 150 limestone islands, but 5 main islands, along the southern margin of the Bermuda Platform, which is one of three topographic highs found on the Bermuda Pedestal. This Bermuda Pedestal sits atop the Burmada Rise, a mid-basin swell surrounded by abyssal plains. Initial uplift of this rise occurred in the Middle to Late Eocene and concluded by the Late Oligocene, when it subsided below sea level. The volcanic rocks associated with this rise are tholeiitic lavas and intrusive lamprophyre sheets, which form a volcanic basement, on average, 50 m below the island carbonate surface. The limestones of Bermuda consist of biocalcarenites with minor conglomerates. The portion of Bermuda above sea level consists of rocks deposited by Aeolian processes. These eolianites are actually the type locality, and formed during interglaciations, and are laced by red paleosols, also referred to as geosols or terra rossas, indicative of Saharan atmospheric dust and forming during glacial stages. The stratigraphic column starts with the Walsingham Formation, overlain by the Castle Harbour Geosol, the Lower and Upper Town Hill Formations separated by the Harbour Road Geosol, the Ord Road Geosol, the Belmont Formation, the Shore Hills Geosol, the Rocky Bay Formation, and the Southampton Formation. The older eolianite ridges ( Older Bermuda ) are more rounded and subdued compared to the outer coastline ( Younger Bermuda ). Thus, post deposition morphology includes chemical erosion, with inshore water bodies demonstrating much of Bermuda is partially drowned Pleistocene karst. The Walsinghsm Formation is a clear example, constituting the cave district around Castle Harbour. The Upper Town Hill Formation forms the core of the Main Island, and prominent hills such as Town Hill, Knapton Hill, and St. David 's Lighthouse, while the highest hills, Gibbs Hill Lighthouse, are due to the Southampton Formation. Bermuda has two major aquifers, the Langton Aquifer located within the Southampton, Rocky Bay and Belmont Formations, and the Brighton Aquifer located within the Town Hill Formation. Four freshwater lenses occur in Bermuda, with the Central Lens being the largest on Main Island, containing an area of 7.2 km and a thickness greater than 10 m. Climate Main articles : Climate of Bermuda and List of Bermuda hurricanes Residential scene in Bermuda Bermuda has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ). Bermuda is warmed by the nearby Gulf Stream, and low latitude. The islands may experience modestly cooler temperatures in January, February, and March ( average 63 ° F ( 17 ° C ) ). There has never been snow, a frost or freeze on record in Bermuda. Summertime heat index in Bermuda can be high, although mid-August temperatures rarely exceed 30 ° C ( 86 ° F ). The highest recorded temperature was 34 ° C ( 93 ° F ) in August 1989. Bermuda is in the hurricane belt. Along the Gulf Stream, it is often directly in the path of hurricanes recurving in the westerlies, although they usually begin to weaken as they approach Bermuda, whose small size means that direct landfalls of hurricanes are rare. The most recent hurricanes to cause significant damage to Bermuda were category 2 Hurricane Gonzalo on 18 October 2014 and category 3 Hurricane Nicole on 14 October 2016, both of which struck the island directly. Before that, Hurricane Fabian on 5 September 2003 was the last major hurricane to hit Bermuda directly. The only source of fresh water in Bermuda is rainfall, which is collected on roofs and catchments ( or drawn from underground lenses ) and stored in tanks. Each dwelling usually has at least one of these tanks forming part of its foundation. The law requires that each household collect rainwater that is piped down from the roof of each house. Average monthly rainfall is highest in October, at over 6 inches ( 150 mm ), and lowest in April and May. The average annual temperature of the Atlantic Ocean around Bermuda is 22.8 ° C ( 73.0 ° F ), from 18.6 ° C ( 65.5 ° F ) in February to 28.2 ° C ( 82.8 ° F ) in August. Bermuda is on the same parallel as the Portuguese archipelago Madeira a few time zones farther east in the Atlantic. The two archipelagos are the only land in the Atlantic on the 32nd parallel north. Climate data for Hamilton -- capital of Bermuda Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high ° C ( ° F ) 25.4 ( 77.7 ) 26.1 ( 79.0 ) 26.1 ( 79.0 ) 27.2 ( 81.0 ) 30 ( 86.0 ) 32.2 ( 90.0 ) 33.1 ( 91.6 ) 33.9 ( 93.0 ) 33.2 ( 91.8 ) 31.7 ( 89.0 ) 28.9 ( 84.0 ) 26.7 ( 80.0 ) 33.9 ( 93.0 ) Average high ° C ( ° F ) 20.4 ( 68.7 ) 19.9 ( 67.8 ) 20.3 ( 68.6 ) 21.6 ( 70.8 ) 24.1 ( 75.4 ) 27 ( 80.6 ) 29.2 ( 84.6 ) 29.8 ( 85.7 ) 28.8 ( 83.8 ) 26.3 ( 79.4 ) 23.6 ( 74.5 ) 21.4 ( 70.6 ) 24.4 ( 75.9 ) Daily mean ° C ( ° F ) 18.2 ( 64.8 ) 17.7 ( 63.9 ) 18 ( 64.4 ) 19.3 ( 66.7 ) 22 ( 71.6 ) 24.9 ( 76.8 ) 26.7 ( 80.0 ) 27.2 ( 80.9 ) 26.2 ( 79.1 ) 23.9 ( 75.0 ) 21.2 ( 70.1 ) 19 ( 66.2 ) 22 ( 71.6 ) Average low ° C ( ° F ) 16.1 ( 60.9 ) 15.5 ( 59.9 ) 15.7 ( 60.2 ) 16.9 ( 62.5 ) 19.9 ( 67.8 ) 22.8 ( 73.0 ) 24.1 ( 75.3 ) 24.5 ( 76.1 ) 23.5 ( 74.3 ) 21.4 ( 70.6 ) 18.7 ( 65.7 ) 16.5 ( 61.7 ) 19.6 ( 67.3 ) Record low ° C ( ° F ) 7.8 ( 46.0 ) 6.7 ( 44.0 ) 7.2 ( 45.0 ) 8.9 ( 48.0 ) 12.8 ( 55.0 ) 17.8 ( 64.0 ) 20 ( 68.0 ) 20 ( 68.0 ) 18.9 ( 66.0 ) 14.4 ( 58.0 ) 12.4 ( 54.3 ) 10 ( 50.0 ) 6.7 ( 44.0 ) Average precipitation mm ( inches ) 128.5 ( 5.06 ) 115.3 ( 4.54 ) 110 ( 4.33 ) 87.9 ( 3.46 ) 82.8 ( 3.26 ) 130.3 ( 5.13 ) 114.6 ( 4.51 ) 130.8 ( 5.15 ) 129.3 ( 5.09 ) 161.3 ( 6.35 ) 105.4 ( 4.15 ) 114.3 ( 4.50 ) 1,409.7 ( 55.5 ) Average precipitation days ( ≥ 0.01 inch ) 17 15 15 12 10 12 13 14 15 16 13 17 171 Mean monthly sunshine hours 142.9 144.5 185.7 228.1 248.1 257.2 281.0 274.1 220.1 197.5 170.3 142.5 2,492 Source : Bermuda Weather Service ( sun, 1999 -- 2010 ) Flora and fauna Main article : Flora and fauna in Bermuda Young Bermuda cedar at Ferry Reach When discovered, Bermuda was uninhabited and mostly dominated by forests of Bermuda cedar, with mangrove marshes along its shores. Only 165 of the island 's current 1,000 vascular plant species are considered native. Of those, 15, including the eponymous cedar, are endemic. Settlers have introduced many species of palm trees to Bermuda. Coconut palms are found on Bermuda, making it the northernmost location for the natural growth of this species. However, the climate is usually too cool to allow the palms to properly set fruit. The only indigenous mammals of Bermuda are five species of bats, all of which are also found in the eastern United States : Lasionycteris noctivagans, Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus, Lasiurus seminolus and Perimyotis subflavus. Other commonly known fauna of Bermuda include its national bird, the Bermuda petrel or cahow. It was rediscovered in 1951 after having been thought extinct since the 1620s. It is important as an example of a Lazarus species. The government has a programme to protect it, including restoration of a habitat area. The Bermuda rock skink was long thought to have been the only indigenous land vertebrate of Bermuda, discounting the marine turtles that lay their eggs on its beaches. Recently through genetic DNA studies, scientists have discovered that a species of turtle, the diamondback terrapin, previously thought to have been introduced, pre-dated the arrival of humans in the archipelago. As this species spends most of its time in brackish ponds, some question whether it should be classified as a land vertebrate to compete with the skink 's unique status. Demographics Main article : Demographics of Bermuda A view of Bermuda from Gibbs Hill Lighthouse in July 2015. Bermuda 's 2010 Census put Bermuda 's population at 64,237 and, with an area of 53.2 km ( 20.5 sq mi ), it has a calculated population density of 1207 / km2. The racial makeup of Bermuda as recorded by the 2010 census, was 54 % black, 31 % white, 8 % multiracial, 4 % Asian, and 4 % other races, although these numbers are based on self - identification, and the majority of those who answered `` black '' have any mixture of black, white and indigenous American ancestry. Native - born Bermudians made up 67 % of the population, compared to 29 % non-natives. The image of the Lord Holy Christ of the Miracles, in Hamilton, venerated by Azoreans in Bermuda. The island experienced large - scale immigration over the 20th century, especially after the Second World War. Bermuda has a diverse population including both those with relatively deep roots in Bermuda extending back for centuries, and newer communities whose ancestry results from recent immigration, especially from Britain, North America, the West Indies, and the Portuguese Atlantic islands ( especially the Azores ), although these groups are steadily merging. About 46 % of the population identified themselves with Bermudian ancestry in 2010, which was a decrease from the 51 % who did so in the 2000 census. Those identifying with British ancestry dropped by 1 % to 11 % ( although those born in Britain remain the largest non-native group at 3,942 persons ). The number of people born in Canada declined by 13 %. Those who reported West Indian ancestry were 13 %. The number of people born in the West Indies actually increased by 538. A significant segment of the population is of Portuguese ancestry ( 10 % ), the result of immigration over the past 160 years, of whom 79 % have residency status. The deeper ancestral demography of Bermuda 's population has been obscured by the ethnic homogenisation of the last four centuries. There is effectively no ethnic distinction between black and white Bermudians, other than those characterising recent immigrant communities. In the 17th century, this was not so. For the first hundred years of settlement, white Protestants of English heritage were the distinct majority, with white minorities of Irish ( the native language of many of whom can be assumed to have been Gaelic ) and Scots sent to Bermuda after the English invasions of their homelands that followed the English Civil War. Non-white minorities included Spanish - speaking, free ( indentured ) blacks from the West Indies, black chattel slaves primarily captured from Spanish and Portuguese ships by Bermudian privateers, and Native Americans, primarily from the Algonquian and other tribes of the Atlantic seaboard, but possibly from as far away as Mexico. By the 19th century, the white ethnically - English Bermudians had lost their numerical advantage. Despite the banning of the importation of Irish, and the repeated attempts to force free blacks to emigrate and the owners of black slaves to export them, the merging of the various minority groups, along with some of the white English, had resulted in a new demographic group, `` coloured '' ( which term, in Bermuda, referred to anyone not wholly of European ancestry ) Bermudians, gaining a slight majority. Any child born before or since then to one coloured and one white parent has been added to the coloured statistic. Most of those historically described as `` coloured '' are today described as `` black '', or `` of African heritage '', which obscures their non-African heritage ( those previously described as `` coloured '' who were not of African ancestry had been very few, though the numbers of South Asians, particularly, is now growing. The number of persons born in Asian countries doubled between the 2000 and the 2010 censuses ), blacks have remained in the majority, with new white immigration from Portugal, Britain and elsewhere countered by black immigration from the West Indies. Bermuda 's modern black population contains more than one demographic group. Although the number of residents born in Africa is very small, it has tripled between 2000 and 2010 ( this group also includes non-blacks ). The majority of blacks in Bermuda can be termed `` Bermudian blacks '', whose ancestry dates back centuries between the 17th century and the end of slavery in 1834, Bermuda 's black population was self - sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion. This contrasts to the enslaved blacks of the plantation colonies, who were subjected to conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate, and slaveholders in the West Indies found it necessary to continue importing more enslaved blacks from Africa until the end of slavery ( the same had been true for the Native Americans that the Africans had replaced on the New World plantations ). The indigenous populations of many West Indian islands, and much of the South - East of what is now the United States that had survived the 16th - and 17th - century epidemics of European - introduced diseases then became the victims of large - scale slave raiding, with much of the region completely depopulated. When the supply of indigenous slaves ran out, the slaveholders looked to Africa. The ancestry of Bermuda 's black population is distinguished from that of the British West Indian black population in two ways : first, the higher degree of European and Native American admixture ; secondly, the source of the African ancestry. In the British West Indian islands ( and also in the United States ), the majority of enslaved blacks brought across the Atlantic came from West Africa ( roughly between modern Senegal and Ghana ). Very little of Bermuda 's original black emigration came from this area. The first blacks to arrive in Bermuda in any numbers were free blacks from Spanish - speaking areas of the West Indies, and most of the remainder were recently enslaved Africans captured from the Spanish and Portuguese. As Spain and Portugal sourced most of their slaves from South - West Africa ( the Portuguese through ports in modern - day Angola ; the Spanish purchased most of their African slaves from Portuguese traders, and from Arabs whose slave trading was centred in Zanzibar ). Genetic studies have consequently shown that the African ancestry of black Bermudians ( other than those resulting from recent immigration from the British West Indian islands ) is largely from a band across southern Africa, from Angola to Mozambique, which is similar to what is revealed in Latin America, but distinctly different from the blacks of the West Indies and the United States. Most of Bermuda 's black population trace some of their ancestry to Native Americans, although awareness of this is largely limited to St David 's Islanders and most who have such ancestry are unaware of it. During the colonial period, hundreds of Native Americans were shipped to Bermuda. The best - known examples were the Algonquian peoples who were exiled from the southern New England colonies and sold into slavery in the 17th century, notably in the aftermaths of the Pequot and King Philip 's wars. Today several thousand expatriate workers, principally from Britain, Canada, the West Indies, South Africa and the US, reside in Bermuda. They are primarily engaged in specialised professions such as accounting, finance, and insurance. Others are employed in various trades, such as hotels, restaurants, construction, and landscaping services. Of the total workforce of 38,947 persons in 2005, government employment figures stated that 11,223 ( 29 % ) were non-Bermudians. Languages The predominant language on Bermuda is Bermudian English. It exhibits characteristics of British, West Indian, and American English. Perhaps most interesting is its closeness to acrolectal English compared to other varieties in the West Indies. British English spellings and conventions are used in print media and formal written communications. Portuguese is also spoken in Bermuda ; this is owing to immigration from Portugal, particularly from the Azores, as well as from Cape Verde. Religion Religion in Bermuda ( 2010 ) Protestant ( 57.1 % ) Roman Catholic ( 15.8 % ) Other Christian ( 1.5 % ) Unaffiliated ( 19.4 % ) Other religion ( 6.2 % ) Protestant 46.2 % ( includes Anglican 15.8 %, African Methodist Episcopal 8.6 %, Seventh Day Adventist 6.7, Pentecostal 3.5 %, Methodist 2.7 %, Presbyterian 2.0 %, Church of God 1.6 %, Baptist 1.2 %, Salvation Army 1.1 %, Brethren 1.0 %, other Protestant 2.0 % ), Roman Catholic 14.5 %, Jehovah 's Witness 1.3 %, other Christian 9.1 %, Muslim 1 %, other 3.9 %, none 17.8 %, unspecified 6.2 % ( 2010 est. ). Politics Main article : Politics of Bermuda Map of the European Union in the world with overseas countries and territories and outermost regions The current ruling party in Bermuda is the Progressive Labour party, commonly referred to as the PLP. They were voted into power in July 2017 after Bermuda was ruled by the One Bermuda Alliance ( OBA ) for 5 years, from 2012 to 2017. David Burt is currently ( 2017 ) the Premier of Bermuda replacing Michael Dunkley who led the OBA. Government organization Executive authority in Bermuda is vested in the monarch and is exercised on her behalf by the Governor. The governor is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British Government. The current governor is John Rankin ; he was sworn in on 5 December 2016. There is also a Deputy Governor ( currently David Arkley JP ). Defence and foreign affairs are carried out by the United Kingdom, which also retains responsibility to ensure good government. It must approve any changes to the Constitution of Bermuda. Bermuda is classified as a British Overseas Territory, but it is the oldest British colony. In 1620, a Royal Proclamation granted Bermuda limited self - governance ; its Parliament is the fifth oldest in the world, behind the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the Tynwald of the Isle of Man, the Althing of Iceland, and Sejm of Poland. The State House, the home of Bermuda 's parliament between 1620 and 1815 Sessions House, current home of the House of Assembly and the Supreme Court The Constitution of Bermuda came into force on 1 June 1967 ; it was amended in 1989 and 2003. The head of government is the premier. A cabinet is nominated by the premier and appointed officially by the governor. The legislative branch consists of a bicameral parliament modelled on the Westminster system. The Senate is the upper house, consisting of 11 members appointed by the governor on the advice of the premier and the leader of the opposition. The House of Assembly, or lower house, has 36 members, elected by the eligible voting populace in secret ballot to represent geographically defined constituencies. Elections must be called at no more than five - year intervals. The most recent took place on 18 July 2017. Following this election, the Progressive Labour Party took power, with David Burt succeeding Michael Dunkley, of the One Bermuda Alliance, as Premier. There are few accredited diplomats in Bermuda. The United States maintains the largest diplomatic mission in Bermuda, comprising both the United States Consulate and the US Customs and Border Protection Services at the L.F. Wade International Airport. The current US Consul General is Robert Settje, who took office in August 2012. The United States is Bermuda 's largest trading partner ( providing over 71 % of total imports, 85 % of tourist visitors, and an estimated $163 billion of US capital in the Bermuda insurance / re-insurance industry ), and an estimated 5 % of Bermuda residents are US citizens, representing 14 % of all foreign - born persons. The American diplomatic presence is an important element in the Bermuda political landscape. Administrative divisions Main article : Administrative divisions of Bermuda Parishes of Bermuda. Bermuda is divided into nine parishes and two incorporated municipalities. Bermuda 's nine parishes are : Devonshire Hamilton Paget Pembroke Sandys Smith 's Southampton St George 's Warwick Bermuda 's two incorporated municipalities are : Hamilton ( city ) St George 's ( town ) Bermuda 's two informal villages are : Flatts Village Somerset Village Jones Village in Warwick, Cashew City ( St. George 's ), Claytown ( Hamilton ), Middle Town ( Pembroke ), and Tucker 's Town ( St. George 's ) are neighbourhoods ; Dandy Town and North Village are sports clubs, and Harbour View Village is a small public housing development. Role in International relations As a British Overseas Territory, Bermuda does not have a seat in the United Nations ; it is represented by Britain in matters of foreign affairs. To promote its economic interests abroad, Bermuda maintains representative offices in cities such as London and Washington, D.C. Bermuda 's proximity to the US had made it attractive as the site for summit conferences between British Prime Ministers and US Presidents. The first summit was held in December 1953, at the insistence of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, to discuss relations with the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Participants included Churchill, US President Dwight D. Eisenhower and French Premier Joseph Laniel. In 1957, a second summit conference was held. The British Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, arrived earlier than President Eisenhower, to demonstrate they were meeting on British territory, as tensions were still high regarding the previous year 's conflict over the Suez Canal. Macmillan returned in 1961 for the third summit with President John F. Kennedy. The meeting was called to discuss Cold War tensions arising from construction of the Berlin Wall. The most recent summit conference in Bermuda between the two powers occurred in 1990, when British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher met US President George H.W. Bush. Direct meetings between the President of the United States and the Premier of Bermuda have been rare. The most recent meeting was on 23 June 2008, between Premier Ewart Brown and President George W. Bush. Prior to this, the leaders of Bermuda and the United States had not met at the White House since a 1996 meeting between Premier David Saul and President Bill Clinton. Bermuda has also joined several other nations in efforts to protect the Sargasso Sea. Asylum offered to four former Guantánamo detainees Main article : Uyghur detainees at Guantanamo Bay : Bermuda On 11 June 2009, four Uyghurs who had been held in the United States Guantánamo Bay detention camp, in Cuba, were transferred to Bermuda. The four men were among 22 Uyghurs who claimed to be refugees, who were captured in 2001 in Pakistan after fleeing the American aerial bombardment of Afghanistan. They were accused of training to assist the Taliban 's military. They were cleared as safe for release from Guantánamo in 2005 or 2006, but US domestic law prohibited deporting them back to China, their country of citizenship, because the US government determined that China was likely to violate their human rights. In September 2008, the men were cleared of all suspicion and Judge Ricardo Urbina in Washington ordered their release. Congressional opposition to their admittance to the United States was very strong and the US failed to find a home for them until Bermuda and Palau agreed to accept the 22 men in June 2009. The secret bilateral discussions that led to prisoner transfers between the US and the devolved Bermuda government sparked diplomatic ire from the United Kingdom, which was not consulted on the move despite Bermuda being a British territory. The British Foreign Office issued the following statement : We 've underlined to the Bermuda Government that they should have consulted with the United Kingdom as to whether this falls within their competence or is a security issue, for which the Bermuda Government do not have delegated responsibility. We have made clear to the Bermuda Government the need for a security assessment, which we are now helping them to carry out, and we will decide on further steps as appropriate. As of May 2013, the four Uyghurs still lived in Bermuda ; but they have not been given Bermudian status and remain stateless, posing problems for emergency medical situations and finding certain jobs. However, granting them Bermudian status would require a change in Bermudian laws, and the issue has prompted a major debate within Bermuda 's parliament on what steps should be taken. Caribbean Community A Bermudian passport Bermuda became an associate member of the Caribbean Community ( CARICOM ) in 2003 despite not being in the Caribbean region. This is a socio - economic bloc of nations in or near the Caribbean Sea. Other outlying member states include the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and the Republic of Suriname in South America, along with Belize in Central America. The Turks and Caicos Islands, an associate member of CARICOM, and the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, a full member of CARICOM, are in the Atlantic, but near to the Caribbean. Other nearby nations or territories, such as the United States, are not members ( although the US Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has observer status, and the United States Virgin Islands announced in 2007 they would seek ties with CARICOM ). Bermuda, at roughly a thousand miles from the Caribbean Sea, has little trade with, and little economically in common with, the region, and joined primarily to strengthen cultural links. Among some scholars, `` the Caribbean '' can be a socio - historical category, commonly referring to a cultural zone characterised by the legacy of slavery ( a characteristic Bermuda shared with the Caribbean and the US ) and the plantation system ( which did not exist in Bermuda ). It embraces the islands and parts of the neighbouring continent, and may be extended to include the Caribbean Diaspora overseas. Bermuda was colonised by the English as an extension of Virginia and has long had close ties with the US Atlantic Seaboard and Canadian Maritimes as well as the UK. It had a history of African slavery, although Britain abolished it decades before the US. Since the 20th century, there has been considerable immigration to Bermuda from the West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands. Unlike immigrants from British colonies in the West Indies, the latter immigrants have had greater difficulty in becoming permanent residents as they lacked British citizenship, mostly spoke no English, and required renewal of work permits to remain beyond an initial period. From the 1950s onwards, Bermuda relaxed its immigration laws, allowing increased immigration from Britain and Canada. Some Black politicians accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades. The PLP, the party in government when the decision to join CARICOM was made, has been dominated for decades by West Indians and their descendants. ( The prominent roles of West Indians among Bermuda 's black politicians and labour activists predated party politics in Bermuda, as exemplified by Dr. E.F. Gordon ). The late PLP leader, Dame Lois Browne - Evans, and her Trinidadian - born husband, John Evans ( who co-founded the West Indian Association of Bermuda in 1976 ), were prominent members of this group. They have emphasised Bermuda 's cultural connections with the West Indies. Many Bermudians, both black and white, who lack family connections to the West Indies have objected to this emphasis. Opinion polls conducted by Bermudian newspapers, The Royal Gazette and The Bermuda Sun, showed clear majorities of Bermudians to be opposed to joining CARICOM. The UBP, which had been in Government from 1968 to 1998, objected that joining CARICOM was detrimental to Bermuda 's interests : Bermuda 's trade with the West Indies is negligible, its primary economic partners being the US, Canada, and UK ( it has no direct air or shipping links to Caribbean islands ) ; CARICOM is moving towards a single economy. the Caribbean islands are generally competitors to Bermuda 's already ailing tourism industry ; and participation in CARICOM would involve considerable investment of money and the time of government officials that could more profitably be spent elsewhere. Foreign relations in the Americas North America South America Sovereign states Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago United States Uruguay Venezuela Dependencies and other territories Anguilla Aruba Bermuda Bonaire British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Curaçao Falkland Islands French Guiana Greenland Guadeloupe Martinique Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saba Sint Eustatius Sint Maarten South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Turks and Caicos Islands US Virgin Islands Military Main article : Military of Bermuda The First Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps Contingent, raised in 1914. By the war 's end, the two BVRC contingents had lost over 75 % of their combined strength. Remembrance Day Parade, Hamilton, Bermuda. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( December 2012 ) Once known as `` the Gibraltar of the West '' and `` Fortress Bermuda '', Bermuda today is defended by forces of the British government. For the first two centuries of settlement, the most potent armed force operating from Bermuda was its merchant shipping fleet, which turned to privateering at every opportunity. The Bermuda government maintained a local militia. After the American Revolutionary War, Bermuda was established as the Western Atlantic headquarters of the Royal Navy. Once the Royal Navy established a base and dockyard defended by regular soldiers, however, the militias were disbanded following the War of 1812. At the end of the 19th century, the colony raised volunteer units to form a reserve for the military garrison. Main article : Battle of the Atlantic Due to its isolated location in the North Atlantic Ocean, Bermuda was vital to the Allies ' war effort during both world wars of the 20th century, serving as a marshalling point for trans - Atlantic convoys, as well as a naval air base. By the Second World War, both the Royal Navy 's Fleet Air Arm and the Royal Air Force were operating Seaplane bases on Bermuda. In May 1940, the US requested base rights in Bermuda from the United Kingdom, but British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was initially unwilling to accede to the American request without getting something in return. In September 1940, as part of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement, the UK granted the US base rights in Bermuda. Bermuda and Newfoundland were not originally included in the agreement, but both were added to it, with no war material received by the UK in exchange. One of the terms of the agreement was that the airfield the US Army built would be used jointly by the US and the UK ( which it was for the duration of the war, with RAF Transport Command relocating there from Darrell 's Island in 1943 ). Construction began in 1941 of two airbases consisting of 5.8 km ( 2.2 sq mi ) of land, largely reclaimed from the sea. For many years, Bermuda 's bases were used by US Air Force transport and refuelling aircraft and by US Navy aircraft patrolling the Atlantic for enemy submarines, first German and, later, Soviet. The principal installation, Kindley Air Force Base on the eastern coast, was transferred to the US Navy in 1970 and redesignated Naval Air Station Bermuda. As a naval air station, the base continued to host both transient and deployed USN and USAF aircraft, as well as transitioning or deployed Royal Air Force and Canadian Forces aircraft. The original NAS Bermuda on the west side of the island, a seaplane base until the mid-1960s, was designated as the Naval Air Station Bermuda Annex. It provided optional anchorage and / or dockage facilities for transiting US Navy, US Coast Guard and NATO vessels, depending on size. An additional US Navy compound known as Naval Facility Bermuda ( NAVFAC Bermuda ), a SOSUS station, was located to the west of the Annex near a Canadian Forces communications facility. Although leased for 99 years, US forces withdrew in 1995, as part of the wave of base closures following the end of the Cold War. Canada, which had operated a war - time naval base, HMCS Somers Isles, on the old Royal Navy base at Convict Bay, St George 's, also established a radio - listening post at Daniel 's Head in the West End of the islands during this time. In the 1950s, after the end of World War II, the Royal Naval dockyard and the military garrison were closed. A small Royal Navy supply base, HMS Malabar, continued to operate within the dockyard area, supporting transiting Royal Navy ships and submarines until it, too, was closed in 1995, along with the American and Canadian bases. HMS Ambuscade at the Royal Naval Dockyard. Bermudians served in the British armed forces during both World War I and World War II. After the latter, Major - General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert, Bermuda 's highest - ranking soldier, was instrumental in developing the Bermuda Regiment. A number of other Bermudians and their descendants had preceded him into senior ranks, including Bahamian - born Admiral Lord Gambier, and Bermudian - born Royal Marines Brigadier Harvey. When promoted to Brigadier at age 39, following his wounding at the Anzio landings, Harvey became the youngest - ever Royal Marine Brigadier. The Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building ( in Hamilton ) was erected in tribute to Bermuda 's Great War dead ( the tribute was later extended to Bermuda 's Second World War dead ) and is the site of the annual Remembrance Day commemoration. Today, the only military unit remaining in Bermuda, other than naval and army cadet corps, is the Bermuda Regiment, an amalgam of the voluntary units originally formed toward the end of the 19th century. Although the Regiment 's predecessors were voluntary units, the modern body is formed primarily by conscription : balloted males are required to serve for three years, two months part - time, once they turn 18. Economy Front Street, Hamilton. Main article : Economy of Bermuda In 1970 the country switched its currency from the Bermudian pound to the Bermudian dollar, which is pegged at par with the US dollar. US notes and coins are used interchangeably with Bermudian notes and coins within the islands for most practical purposes ; however, banks levy an exchange rate fee for the purchase of US dollars with Bermudian dollars. Bermudian notes carry the image of Queen Elizabeth II. The Bermuda Monetary Authority is the issuing authority for all banknotes and coins, and regulates financial institutions. The Royal Naval Dockyard Museum holds a permanent exhibition of Bermuda notes and coins. According to the Bermuda Government 's Economic Statistics Division, Bermuda 's GDP was $5.85 billion in 2007, or $91,477 per capita, giving Bermuda the highest GDP per capita in the world. The affordability of housing became a prominent issue during Bermuda 's business peak in 2005 but has softened with the decline of Bermuda 's real estate prices. The CIA World Factbook lists the average cost of a house in June 2003 as $976,000, while real estate agencies have claimed that this figure had risen to between $1.6 million and $1.845 million by 2007, though such high figures have been disputed. Bermuda is an offshore financial centre, which results from its minimal standards of business regulation / laws and direct taxation on personal or corporate income. It has one of the highest consumption taxes in the world and taxes all imports in lieu of an income tax system. Bermuda 's consumption tax is equivalent to local income tax to local residents and funds government and infrastructure expenditures. The local tax system depends upon import duties, payroll taxes and consumption taxes. The legal system is derived from that of the United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal. Foreign private individuals can not easily open bank accounts or subscribe to mobile phone or internet services. Having no corporate income tax, Bermuda is a popular tax avoidance location. Google, for example, is known to have shifted over $10 billion in revenue to its Bermuda subsidiary utilising the `` Double Irish '' and `` Dutch Sandwich '' tax avoidance strategies, reducing its 2011 tax liability by $2 billion. Government employment, off - shore business, and tourism are the largest sectors of Bermuda 's economy. However, in September 2009, the Irish press reported that a growing number of companies were moving from Bermuda to Ireland as part of a search for `` a more stable environment ''. Large numbers of leading international insurance companies operate in Bermuda. Those internationally owned and operated businesses that are physically based in Bermuda ( around four hundred ) are represented by the Association of Bermuda International Companies ( ABIC ). In total, over 15,000 exempted or international companies are currently registered with the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda, most of which hold no office space or employees. There are four hundred securities listed on the stock exchange, of which almost three hundred are offshore funds and alternative investment structures attracted by Bermuda 's regulatory environment. The Exchange specialises in listing and trading of capital market instruments such as equities, debt issues, funds ( including hedge fund structures ) and depository receipt programmes. The BSX is a full member of the World Federation of Exchanges and is located in an OECD member nation. It also has Approved Stock Exchange status under Australia 's Foreign Investment Fund ( FIF ) taxation rules and Designated Investment Exchange status by the UK 's Financial Services Authority. Four banks operate in Bermuda, having consolidated total assets of $24.3 billion ( March 2014 ). Tourism is Bermuda 's second - largest industry, with the island attracting over half a million visitors annually, of whom more than 80 % are from the United States. Other significant sources of visitors are from Canada and the United Kingdom. Tourists arrive either by cruise ship or by air at L.F. Wade International Airport, the only airport on the island. Healthcare is another industry where expats are able to find employment relatively easily. Physicians, registered nurses, imaging technologists and healthcare managers and coders are in high demand for a small country and all pay decent salaries in excess of $100 k US / year. Education See also : List of schools in Bermuda The Bermuda Education Act 1996 requires that only three categories of schools can operate in the Bermuda Education system : An aided school has all or a part of its property vested in a body of trustees or board of governors and is partially maintained by public funding or, since 1965 and the desegregation of schools, has received a grant - in - aid out of public funds. A maintained school has the whole of its property belonging to the Government and is fully maintained by public funds. A private school, not maintained by public funds and which has not, since 1965 and the desegregation of schools, received any capital grant - in - aid out of public funds. The private school sector consists of six traditional private schools, two of which are religious schools, and the remaining four are secular with one of these being a single - gender school and another a Montessori school. Also, within the private sector there are a number of home schools, which must be registered with the government and receive minimal government regulation. The only boys ' school opened its doors to girls in the 1990s, and in 1996, one of the aided schools became a private school. Warwick Academy was established in 1662 and is in the parish of Warwick. Prior to 1965, the Bermuda school system was racially segregated. When the desegregation of schools was enacted in 1965, two of the formerly maintained `` white '' schools and both single - sex schools opted to become private schools. The rest became part of the public school system and were either aided or maintained. At present there are 26 schools in the Bermuda Public School System, 18 of which are primary schools, five are middle schools, two senior schools ( The Berkeley Institute and Cedarbridge Academy ) and one special school. An Alternative Programme is provided for students with behavioural challenges who can not function in the public mainstream. There is one aided primary school, two aided middle schools, and one aided senior school. For higher education, the Bermuda College offers various associate degrees and other certificate programmes. Bermuda does not have any four - year colleges or universities. Bermuda 's graduates attend four year Universities in the United States, Canada, or England. In May 2009, Bermudian Government 's application was approved to become a contributory member of the University of the West Indies ( UWI ). Bermuda 's membership enabled Bermudian students to enter the University at an agreed upon subsidised rate by 2010. UWI also agreed that their Open Campus ( online degree courses ) would become open to Bermudian students in the future, with Bermuda becoming the 13th country to have access to the Open Campus. Culture Main article : Culture of Bermuda See also : Holidays in Bermuda This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( January 2012 ) Bermuda 's culture is a mixture of the various sources of its population : Native American, Spanish - Caribbean, English, Irish, and Scots cultures were evident in the 17th century, and became part of the dominant British culture. English is the primary and official language. Due to 160 years of immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands ( primarily the Azores, though also from Madeira and the Cape Verde Islands ), a portion of the population also speaks Portuguese. There are strong British influences, together with Afro - Caribbean ones. A second wave of immigration from the West Indies was sustained throughout the 20th century ; the more recent arrivals have primarily come from English - speaking countries, also bringing aspects of their cultures. This new infusion of West Indians has both accelerated social and political change, and diversified Bermuda 's culture. The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian was The History of Mary Prince, a slave narrative by Mary Prince. It is thought to have contributed to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire. Ernest Graham Ingham, an expatriate author, published his books at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 20th century, numerous books were written and published locally, though few were directed at a wider market than Bermuda. ( The latter consisted primarily of scholarly works rather than creative writing ). The novelist Brian Burland ( 1931 -- 2010 ) achieved a degree of success and acclaim internationally. More recently, Angela Barry has won critical recognition for her published fiction. Bermuda 's proximity to the United States, as well as its origin as part of Virginia, means that many aspects of US culture are reflected in, or incorporated into, Bermudian culture. Many non-Bermudian writers have also made Bermuda their home, or have had homes here, including A.J. Cronin and F. Van Wyck Mason, who wrote on Bermudian subjects. Actors such as Ernest Trimingham, Oona O'Neill, Earl Cameron, Diana Dill, Lena Headey, Will Kempe, and most famously, Michael Douglas and Catherine Zeta - Jones, grew up here or have lived here as adults. Other native or resident film and television figures in Bermuda include producer Arthur Rankin, Jr., and Michael Frith ; an author and puppeteer most well known for his work on the Muppets franchise. Arts West Indian musicians introduced calypso music when Bermuda 's tourist industry was expanded with the increase of visitors brought by post-Second World War aviation. While calypso appealed more to the visitors than to the locals, reggae has been embraced by many Bermudians since the 1970s with the influx of Jamaican immigrants. Gombey dancers from Bermuda during 2001 Smithsonian Folklife Festival in Washington, D.C., United States. Bermuda 's early literature consisted of non-Bermudian writers commenting on the island. These included John Smith 's The Generall Historie of Virginia, New - England, and the Summer Isles ( 1624 ), and Edmund Waller 's poem, `` Battle of the Summer Islands '' ( 1645 ). Music and dance are important in Bermuda. Noted musicians have included local icons The Talbot Brothers, who performed for many decades both in Bermuda and the United States, and appeared on the Ed Sullivan Show ; jazz pianist Lance Hayward, singer - songwriter Heather Nova and her brother Mishka ; tenor Gary Burgess, classical musician and conductor Kenneth Amis and, more recently, dancehall artist Collie Buddz. Bermuda is the only placename in the New World specifically mentioned in the works of Shakespeare, in The Tempest in Act 1, Scene 2, line 230 : `` the still - vexed Bermoothes ''. The dances of the colourful Gombey dancers, seen at many events, are strongly influenced by African, Caribbean, Native American and British cultural traditions. In summer 2001 they performed in Washington, D.C. at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival on the Mall ( see photo ). Bermudian Gina Swainson was crowned `` Miss World '' in 1979. Bermuda hosts an annual international film festival, which shows many independent films. One of the founders is film producer and director Arthur Rankin, Jr., co-founder of the Rankin / Bass production company. Bermuda watercolours painted by local artists are sold at various galleries. Hand - carved cedar sculptures are another speciality. One such 7 ft ( 2.1 m ) sculpture, created by Bermudian sculptor Chesley Trott, is installed at the airport 's baggage claim area. In 2010, his sculpture The Arrival was unveiled near the bay to commemorate the freeing of slaves from the American brig Enterprise in 1835. Local artwork may also be viewed at several galleries around the island. Alfred Birdsey was one of the more famous and talented watercolourists ; his impressionistic landscapes of Hamilton, St George 's and the surrounding sailboats, homes, and bays of Bermuda are world - renowned. Local resident Tom Butterfield founded the Masterworks Museum of Bermuda Art in 1986, initially featuring works about Bermuda by artists from other countries. He began with pieces by American artists, such as Winslow Homer, Charles Demuth, and Georgia O'Keeffe, who had lived and worked here. He has increasingly supported the development of local artists, arts education, and the arts scene. In 2008, the museum opened its new building, constructed within the Botanic Gardens. Sports Main article : Sports and recreation in Bermuda Many sports popular today were formalised by British Public schools and universities in the 19th century. These schools produced the civil servants and military and naval officers required to build and maintain the British empire, and team sports were considered a vital tool for training their students to think and act as part of a team. Former public schoolboys continued to pursue these activities, and founded organisations such as the Football Association ( FA ). Today 's association of football with the working classes began in 1885 when the FA changed its rules to allow professional players. The professionals soon displaced the amateur ex-Public schoolboys. Bermuda 's role as the primary Royal Navy base in the Western Hemisphere, with an army garrison to match, ensured that the naval and military officers quickly introduced the newly formalised sports to Bermuda, including cricket, football, rugby football, and even tennis and rowing ( rowing did not adapt well from British rivers to the stormy Atlantic. The officers soon switched to sail racing, founding the Royal Bermuda Yacht Club ). Once these sports reached Bermuda, they were eagerly adopted by Bermudians. Bermuda 's national cricket team participated in the Cricket World Cup 2007 in the West Indies. Their most famous player is a 130 kilograms ( 290 lb ) police officer named Dwayne Leverock. But India defeated Bermuda and set a record of 413 runs in a One - Day International ( ODI ). Bermuda were knocked out of the World Cup. Also very well - known is David Hemp, a former captain of Glamorgan in English first class cricket. The annual `` Cup Match '' cricket tournament between rival parishes St George 's in the east and Somerset in the west is the occasion for a popular national holiday. This tournament began in 1872 when Captain Moresby of the Royal Navy introduced the game to Bermuda, holding a match at Somerset to mark forty years since the unjust thraldom of slavery. The East End versus West End rivalry resulted from the locations of the St. George 's Garrison ( the original army headquarters in Bermuda ) on Barrack Hill, St. George 's, and the Royal Naval Dockyard at Ireland Island. Moresby founded the Somerset Cricket Club which plays the St. George 's Cricket Club in this game ( the membership of both clubs has long been mostly civilian ). In 2007, Bermuda hosted the 25th PGA Grand Slam of Golf. This 36 - hole event was held on 16 -- 17 October 2007, at the Mid Ocean Club in Tucker 's Town. This season - ending tournament is limited to four golfers : the winners of the Masters, U.S. Open, British Open and PGA Championship. The event returned to Bermuda in 2008 and 2009. Bermudian Quinn Talbot was once the World one - armed golf champion. An IOD racer on a mooring in Hamilton Harbour. The Government announced in 2006 that it would provide substantial financial support to Bermuda 's cricket and football teams. Among Bermuda 's most prominent footballers are Clyde Best, Shaun Goater, Kyle Lightbourne, Reggie Lambe, Sam Nusum and Nahki Wells. In 2006, the Bermuda Hogges were formed as the nation 's first professional football team to raise the standard of play for the Bermuda national football team. The team played in the United Soccer Leagues Second Division but folded in 2013. Sailing, fishing and equestrian sports are popular with both residents and visitors alike. The prestigious Newport -- Bermuda Yacht Race is a more than 100 - year - old tradition, with boats racing between Newport, Rhode Island and Bermuda. In 2007, the 16th biennial Marion - Bermuda yacht race occurred. A sport unique to Bermuda is racing the Bermuda Fitted Dinghy. International One Design racing also originated in Bermuda. In December 2013, Bermuda 's bid to host the 2017 America 's Cup was announced. At the 2004 Summer Olympics, Bermuda competed in sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events. In those Olympics, Bermuda 's Katura Horton - Perinchief made history by becoming the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games. Bermuda has had one Olympic medallist, Clarence Hill, who won a bronze medal in boxing. Bermuda also competed in Men 's Skeleton at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Patrick Singleton placed 19th, with a final time of 1 : 59.81. Jillian Teceira competed in the Beijing Olympics in 2008. It is tradition for Bermuda to march in the Opening Ceremony in Bermuda shorts, regardless of the summer or winter Olympic celebration. Bermuda also competes in the biennial Island Games, which it hosted in 2013. Bermuda has developed a proud rugby union community. The Bermuda Rugby Union team won the 2011 Caribbean championships, defeating Guyana in the final. They previously beat The Bahamas and Mexico to take the crown. Rugby sevens is also played, with four rounds scheduled to take place in the 2011 -- 2012 season. The Bermuda sevens team competed in the 2011 Las Vegas Sevens, defeating the Mexican team. There are four clubs on the island : ( 1 ) Police ( 2 ) Mariners ( 3 ) Teachers ( 4 ) Renegades. There is a men 's and women 's competition -- current league champions are Police ( Men ) ( winning the title for the first time since the 1990s ) and Renegades ( women 's ). Games are currently played at Warwick Academy. Bermuda u / 19 team won the 2010 Caribbean Championships. The New York Yankees of Major League Baseball held Spring Training in Bermuda in 1913. Yankee owner Frank J. Farrell was said to be so pleased with the experience that he considered moving the Yankee training camp to Bermuda permanently. In 1998, Bermuda established its own Basketball Association. Since then, its national team has taken advantage of Bermuda 's advanced basketball facilities and competed at the Caribbean Basketball Championship where it beat competitors with multiple times its population. Health This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. ( December 2012 ) The Bermuda Hospitals Board operates the King Edward VII Memorial Hospital, located in Paget Parish, and the Mid-Atlantic Wellness Institute, located in Devonshire Parish. Boston 's Lahey Medical Center has an established visiting specialists program on the island which provides Bermudians and expats with access to specialists regularly on the island. Unlike other countries that are a part of the British Colonies, Bermuda does not have national healthcare. Employers must provide a healthcare plan and pay 50 % of the cost. Having healthcare is mandatory and even with help from employers is expensive, though no more expensive than that which an employee in the US would typically pay for healthcare when obtained through their employer and the coverage typically far exceeds that which one may have through their employer in the US. There are only a few approved healthcare providers that offer insurance to Bermudians. In 2016 these were the Bermudan government 's Health Insurance Department, three other approved licensed health insurance companies, and three approved health insurance schemes ( provided by the Bermudan government for its employees and by two banks ). Bermuda uses the ICD - 9 diagnostic coding system. It plans, however, to switch to the more comprehensive ICD - 10 system to align with the US ( which switched in 2015 ), since Bermudan residents most commonly obtain overseas healthcare there. Bermuda does not have Stark laws nor do they have self - referral guidelines or anti-kickback laws. The lack of regulation in healthcare, specifically with billing and reimbursement, makes healthcare in Bermuda quite lucrative for physicians and owners of medical / healthcare practices. See also Bermuda portal Index of Bermuda - related articles Outline of Bermuda Places of interest in Bermuda Telecommunications in Bermuda Notable historical people Notable cultural people Notable sporting people Notable political people Notable people in Hamilton Notes Jump up ^ CIA World Factbook, Field Listing ( World ). Jump up ^ `` The World Factbook ''. cia.gov. ^ Jump up to : `` Bermuda 2010 Census '' ( PDF ). Bermuda Department of Statistics. December 2011. 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The European Discovery of America : The Southern Voyages, 1492 -- 1616. New York : Oxford University Press. Jump up ^ Mark Nicholls ( 3 May 2011 ). `` Sir George Somers ( 1554 -- 1610 ) ''. Encyclopedia Virginia. Jump up ^ Woodward, Hobson ( 2009 ). A Brave Vessel : The True Tale of the Castaways Who Rescued Jamestown and Inspired Shakespeare 's The Tempest. Viking. pp. 191 -- 199. Jump up ^ `` Bermuda 's 400th Birthday '' ( PDF ). Bearboa.files.wordpress.com. 11 February 2009. Jump up ^ `` Somers Garden ''. Bermuda, Bermuda-attractions.com. Jump up ^ Meggs, Martin. `` Developing a Small Island GIS : the Bermuda Experience ''. Bermuda Department of Planning. Jump up ^ Forbes, Keith : `` About Bermuda Online '', The Royal Gazette Ltd. Retrieved 22 September 2007. ^ Jump up to : Jarvis, Michael ( 2010 ). In the Eye of All Trade. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press. p. 385 - 38916. ISBN 9780807872840. Jump up ^ Howes, James : `` Attack on Baltimore Launched from Bermuda in ' War of 1812 ' '' 2005 Jump up ^ Camps for Boers -- Bermuda. Angloboerwar.com. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ `` The Prisoner at Bermuda -- Boers Attempted to Mutiny in the Course of the Voyage -- Martial Law on Darrell 's Island ''. The New York Times. 10 June 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ `` Boer Prisoners Escape -- Three Swim Away from Darrell 's Island to the Mainland ''. The New York Times. 10 June 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ `` Adventures of an Escaped Boer Prisoner -- Arrived Here as a Stowaway on the Steamship Trinidad ''. The New York Times, 10 June 2012, Retrieved 15 August 2012 Jump up ^ Ronnie 1995, p. 37. Jump up ^ Ronnie 1995, pp. 54, 63. Jump up ^ Ronnie 1995, pp. 65 -- 66. Jump up ^ Duffy 2014, p. 2. Jump up ^ `` Unusual Place -- Unusual Story -- Heroic Crew '' ( PDF ). Oldqslcards.com. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ Rushe, George. `` Bermuda Islands, Atlantic Ocean ''. Britannica. Retrieved 28 September 2015. Jump up ^ `` Brief History of Bermuda : ''. Ducksters. Retrieved 28 September 2015. ^ Jump up to : Rybeck, Lauren. `` Bermuda Fact Sheet '' ( PDF ). Bermuda Tourism Authority. Retrieved 22 December 2016. Jump up ^ `` Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo ''. Bamz.org. Retrieved 20 June 2010. ^ Jump up to : Vacher, H.L. ; Rowe, Mark ( 1997 ). Vacher, H.L. ; Quinn, T., eds. Geology and Hydrogeology of Bermuda, in Geology and Hydrogeology of Carbonate Islands, Developments in Sedimentology 54. Amsterdam : elsevier Science B.V. pp. 35 -- 90. ISBN 9780444516442. Jump up ^ Ritter, Michael E. ( 2006 ). `` The Physical Environment : an Introduction to Physical Geography ''. University of Wisconsin -- Madison. Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 28 October 2008. Jump up ^ Forbes, Keith Archibald. `` Bermuda 's Climate and Weather ''. Bermuda Online. Jump up ^ `` Weather Summary for January 2009 ''. Bermuda Weather Service. 4 February 2003. Retrieved 25 February 2011. ^ Jump up to : `` Bermuda 's Climatology ( 1949 -- 1999 Data ) ''. Bermuda Weather Service. Retrieved 24 November 2012. Jump up ^ `` Monthly Mean Temperature, Precipitation and Sunshine data for Bermuda 1981 -- 2010 ''. Bermuda Weather Service. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2017. Jump up ^ Grady, F.V. & Olson, S.L. ( 2006 ). `` Fossil bats from Quaternary deposits on Bermuda ( Chiroptera : Vespertilionidae ) ''. Journal of Mammalogy. 87 ( 1 ) : 148 -- 152. doi : 10.1644 / 05 - MAMM - A-179R1. 1. Jump up ^ `` Diamondback Terrapin ''. The Department of Conservation Services. Jump up ^ `` The Portuguese of the West Indies ''. Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. 31 July 2001. Retrieved 20 June 2010. Jump up ^ Bermuda Sun, 4 April 2007. Jump up ^ Bermuda, Richard A. Crooker, Infobase Publishing, 2009, p. 66. Jump up ^ Support sought for Portuguese language courses, The Royal Gazette, 3 October 2012. Jump up ^ Portuguese community ' still not accepted ', The Royal Gazette, 27 November 2015. Jump up ^ `` Religions in Bermuda PEW - GRF ''. Globalreligiousfutures.org. Retrieved 2017 - 09 - 16. Jump up ^ Johnston - Barnes, Owain ( 19 September 2016 ). `` Rankin named new Governor The Royal Gazette : Bermuda News ''. The Royal Gazette. Retrieved 5 December 2016. Jump up ^ Taylor, Matthew. `` The Governor 's right hand man '', The Royal Gazette, 15 January 2007. Jump up ^ Pethen, Valarie : Bermuda Report, Second Edition 1985 -- 1988, p. 17. Department of Information Services, 1988. Bermuda Jump up ^ Clifford, Ivan. `` Bermuda PLP 14 - year reign ends with premier also losing seat ''. Caribbean360. Retrieved 18 December 2012. Jump up ^ Kent, Jonathan ( 18 December 2012 ). `` Cannonier : ' Bermuda has seen a new day ' ''. Royal Gazette. Retrieved 18 December 2012. Jump up ^ Strangeways, Sam ( 19 July 2017 ). `` Burt cries ' Hallelujah ' as victory for PLP is declared ''. Royal Gazette. Retrieved 14 December 2017. Jump up ^ Bermuda Government office in London. Londonoffice.gov.bm. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ Bermuda Government office in Washington, D.C. Archived 11 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine., Dcoffice.gov.bm. Retrieved 15 August 2012. ^ Jump up to : Keith Forbes. `` Bermuda 's distinguished visitors over the years ''. Royal Gazette. Retrieved 22 September 2007. Jump up ^ Kent, Jonathan ( 24 June 2008 ). `` Premier meets the President ''. The Royal Gazette. Archived from the original on 2 February 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2008. Jump up ^ Shaw, David ( 27 May 2014 ). `` Protecting the Sargasso Sea ''. Science & Diplomacy. 3 ( 2 ). ^ Jump up to : Barrett, Devlin ( 11 June 2009 ). `` 4 Chinese Muslims released from Guantanamo ''. Google. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 11 June 2009. Jump up ^ `` Four Uyghur Detainees Released ''. Radio Free Asia. 11 June 2009. Archived from the original on 11 June 2009. Jump up ^ `` Breaking News : Premier 's statement on Guantanamo Bay ''. The Royal Gazette. 11 June 2009. Archived from the original on 11 June 2009. Retrieved 11 June 2009. Jump up ^ `` Breaking News update : Guantánamo decision taken `` without permission '' Governor to assess implications ``. The Royal Gazette. 11 June 2009. Archived from the original on 11 June 2009. Jump up ^ Leonard, Tom ( 11 Jun 2009 ). `` British anger over Bermuda decision to take Guantanamo detainees ''. The Telegraph. Retrieved 22 April 2017. Jump up ^ Johnson, Ayo ( 1 May 2013 ). `` Cannonier : We Need to Resolve Uighurs ' Status Problem ''. The Royal Gazette. Retrieved 27 September 2013. Jump up ^ `` Bermuda Government today ''. Bermuda-Online.org. Retrieved 9 July 2010. In July 2003, Bermuda formally joined the Caribbean Community as an Associate Member ( non-voting member ), in certain areas but not in others. This specifically excludes free movement of Caribbean nationals to Bermuda, and any prospect of Bermuda joining CARIFTA or its newest free trade organization ; the Free Trade Area of the Americas ( FTAA ). Membership of the Caribbean Community costs Bermuda about US $90,000 a year. Direct trade between Bermuda and Caribbean countries is also welcomed and encouraged, especially given the close or extended family links many Bermudians have with Caribbean islands or territories... All visitors to Bermuda who are nationals of and resident in Caribbean islands must come via the USA or Canada or United Kingdom and must have appropriate visas to come via those countries. Effective January 2003, all Jamaican nationals who are not Bermudian must also have a visa to enter Bermuda on business or vacation. 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Jump up ^ The Royal Gazette : Welcome to Caricom. Royalgazette.com, 19 December 2002. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ UBP ? s Simmons sees the light on Caricom. Royalgazette.com ( 2004 - 08 - 17 ). Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ `` PLP is ' simply not competent ' -- Sir David Gibbons Bermuda Politics ''. Royalgazette.com, 27 June 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ `` Strength through diversity '' Archived 10 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine... Royalgazette.com, 4 July 2003. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ Premier signs Caricom deal. Royalgazette.com, 3 July 2003. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ `` UBP takes ' wait - and - see ' stance on Caricom '', Royalgazette.com, 18 June 2003. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ `` Government unconcerned by Caricom ' arm - twisting ' ''. Royalgazette.com, 15 April 2003. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ `` ' Out of touch, out of ideas and out of time ' '' Archived 10 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine... Royalgazette.com, 22 February 2003. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ `` The ' ayes ' have it in the great Caricom debate ''. Royalgazette.com, 16 December 2002. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ `` Caricom set to pass ''. Royalgazette.com, 14 December 2002. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ `` Caricom set for Throne Speech ''. Royalgazette.com, 31 October 2002. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ `` Strengthening Bermuda 's Links to the Caribbean '' ( PDF ). Gov.bm ( a discussion paper by the Bermuda Government ). Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 10 November 2012. Jump up ^ Martin Gilbert, Churchill and America. New York : Simon & Schuster, 2005. Jump up ^ Bank of Butterfield Exchange Rate Page. Butterfieldbank.bm. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Archived 9 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Bermuda leads in GDP per capita, The Royal Gazette, 17 December 2008. Jump up ^ Central Intelligence Agency ( 2009 ). `` Bermuda ''. The World Factbook. Retrieved 23 January 2010. 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Retrieved on 2017 - 04 - 26. Jump up ^ `` Tourism in 2006 '', Royal Gazette, 1 February 2006. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ `` Bermuda College ''. Archived from the original on 1 May 2008. Retrieved 10 February 2008. Jump up ^ `` Bermuda joins the UWI Family ''. Retrieved 19 June 2009. Jump up ^ `` Bermuda joins the UWI Family ''. sta.uwi.edu. 14 May 2009. Jump up ^ Edmund Waller Hunter : `` Battle of the Summer Islands ''. Poemhunter.com. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ III. Writers of the Couplet. § 4. Edmund Waller. Bartleby.com. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Jump up ^ `` Index ''. bermudafilmfest.com. Archived from the original on 31 January 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2010. Jump up ^ Tom Butterfield, CBS DC, 6 July 2011 ; accessed 5 April 2013. Jump up ^ Masterworks Museum of Bermuda Art, official website ; accessed 5 April 2013. Jump up ^ Stranack Jump up ^ `` Bermuda International One Design Fleet ''. Iodfleet.bm. Retrieved 20 June 2010. Jump up ^ `` It Happens Every Spring : A 110 - Year Retrospective of Yankees Spring Training New York Yankees blog, Yankees blog, A blog about the New York Yankees ''. The Yankee Analysts. 16 February 2011. Archived from the original on 4 August 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2013. Jump up ^ `` New York Yankees ''. Springtrainingonline.com. 2008 - 12 - 06. Retrieved 26 March 2013. Jump up ^ FIBA National Federations Bermuda, fiba.com. Retrieved 2 December 2015. Jump up ^ `` Bermuda 's Sports ''. bermuda-online.org/. Retrieved 2015 - 12 - 02. Jump up ^ `` Contact Us ''. Bermuda Hospitals Board. Retrieved 4 December 2012. Jump up ^ `` Bermuda Healthcare requirements ''. Bermuda Online. Jump up ^ `` Licensed and Approved Health Insurers '' ( PDF ). Retrieved 2 January 2017. Jump up ^ `` There on the horizon -- ICD - 10CMs '' ( PDF ). Newsletter. Vol. 7 no. 1. Bermuda Health Council. April 2016. Retrieved 2 Jan 2017. References Duffy, Peter ( 2014 ). Double Agent. New York : Scribner. ISBN 978 - 1 - 4516 - 6795 - 0. Ronnie, Art ( 1995 ). Counterfeit Hero : Fritz Duquesne, Adventurer and Spy. Annapolis, Md. : Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1 - 55750 - 733 - 3. OCLC 605599179. `` Non-Self - Governing Territories listed by General Assembly in 2002 ''. United Nations Special Committee of 24 on Decolonization. Retrieved 10 March 2005. `` Bermuda ''. The New American Desk Encyclopedia ( Third ed. ). New York, NY : Signet. 1993. ISBN 0 - 451 - 17566 - 2. Further reading Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Bermudas. Boultbee, Paul G. and David F. Raine. Bermuda. Oxford : ABC - Clio Press, 1998. Glover, Lorri. co-author, The Shipwreck That Saved Jamestown : The Sea Venture Castaways and the Fate of America Anonymous, but probably written by John Smith ( 1580 -- 1631 ) : The Historye of the Bermudaes or Summer Islands. University of Cambridge Press, 2010. ISBN 978 - 1108011570 External links Bermuda Government -- Official government website Bermuda Tourism Bermuda Guide Bermuda Parliament Bermuda Chamber of commerce Wikimedia Atlas of Bermuda Bermuda articles History Sloop Railway Hurricane strikes Colonisation Eleuthera History of the Turks and Caicos Islands London Company Sea Venture George Somers Somers Isles Company Military Militias 1612 -- 1687 1687 -- 1813 1813 Volunteer / Territorial Army Units 1895 -- 1965 North American Station RAF in Bermuda during World War II USN Submarine Base, Ordnance Island Geography Bermuda Triangle Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences ( BIOS ) National Trust Coral reef Sargasso Sea Spittal Pond Environment Flora Bermuda onion Casuarina Cassine laneana Juniperus bermudiana Lilium longiflorum Sabal bermudana Sisyrinchium Fauna Bermuda land snail Bermuda petrel Bermuda rock skink Common ground dove Eastern bluebird Gray catbird Great kiskadee Humpback whale Mourning dove Northern cardinal White - eyed vireo White - tailed tropicbird Yellow - crowned night heron Schools State Berkeley Institute Cedarbridge Academy Independent Bermuda HS Bermuda Institute Saltus Grammar School Warwick Academy Tertiary Bermuda College Politics British Overseas Territories Governor LGBT rights Parliament House of Assembly Senate Political parties Progressive Labour Party One Bermuda Alliance Premiers Economy ACE Ltd. Bermudian dollar ( currency ) Bermudian pound ( former currency ) Butterfield Bank HSBC Bank Bermuda Industrial Union Monetary Authority Public Services Association Stock Exchange Transport airport XL Capital Society Places Places of interest The Causeway The Fairmont Hamilton Princess Government House Hamilton, Bermuda Royal Naval Dockyard Somerset Bridge Victoria Park, Hamilton Communications. bm ( Internet domain ) Area code 441 Bermuda Broadcasting Company Postal codes TV stations VSB - TV ZBM - TV ZFB - TV The Royal Gazette Culture Architecture Bermudian English Coat of arms Gombey Kites Music Public holidays Shorts Sports and recreation Religion Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity Cathedral of Saint Theresa of Lisieux, of the Roman Catholic Church Roman Catholic Diocese of Hamilton in Bermuda Anglican Church of Bermuda Bishop of Bermuda Outline Index Portal Articles relating to Bermuda Countries and dependencies of North America Sovereign states Entire Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama St. Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago United States In part Colombia San Andrés and Providencia France Guadeloupe Martinique Caribbean Netherlands Bonaire Saba Sint Eustatius Dependencies Denmark Greenland France Clipperton Island St. Barthélemy St. Martin St. Pierre and Miquelon Netherlands Aruba Curaçao Sint Maarten United Kingdom Anguilla Bermuda British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Montserrat Turks and Caicos Islands United States Navassa Island Puerto Rico United States Virgin Islands Venezuela Federal Dependencies Nueva Esparta Countries, territories and dependencies of the United Kingdom Constituent countries England Northern Ireland Scotland Wales Overseas territories Akrotiri and Dhekelia Anguilla Bermuda British Antarctic Territory British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Falkland Islands Gibraltar Montserrat Pitcairn Islands Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Turks and Caicos Islands Crown dependencies Bailiwick of Guernsey Guernsey Alderney Sark Isle of Man Jersey Former colonies List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom Sovereign Base Areas. Partial suspension of sovereignty due to the Antarctic Treaty. British Empire Legend Current territory Former territory * Now a Commonwealth realm Now a member of the Commonwealth of Nations Historical flags of the British Empire Europe 1542 -- 1800 Ireland ( integrated into UK ) 1708 -- 1757, 1763 -- 1782 and 1798 -- 1802 Minorca Since 1713 Gibraltar 1800 -- 1813 Malta ( Protectorate ) 1813 -- 1964 Malta ( Colony ) 1807 -- 1890 Heligoland 1809 -- 1864 Ionian Islands 1878 -- 1960 Cyprus 1921 -- 1937 Irish Free State North America 17th century and before 18th century 19th and 20th century 1579 New Albion 1583 -- 1907 Newfoundland 1605 -- 1979 * Saint Lucia 1607 -- 1776 Virginia Since 1619 Bermuda 1620 -- 1691 Plymouth 1623 -- 1883 Saint Kitts 1624 -- 1966 * Barbados 1625 -- 1650 Saint Croix 1627 -- 1979 * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1628 -- 1883 Nevis 1629 -- 1691 Massachusetts Bay 1632 -- 1776 Maryland since 1632 Montserrat 1632 -- 1860 Antigua 1635 -- 1644 Saybrook 1636 -- 1776 Connecticut 1636 -- 1776 Rhode Island 1637 -- 1662 New Haven 1643 -- 1860 Bay Islands Since 1650 Anguilla 1655 -- 1850 Mosquito Coast 1655 -- 1962 * Jamaica 1663 -- 1712 Carolina 1664 -- 1776 New York 1665 -- 1674 and 1702 -- 1776 New Jersey Since 1666 Virgin Islands Since 1670 Cayman Islands 1670 -- 1973 * Bahamas 1670 -- 1870 Rupert 's Land 1671 -- 1816 Leeward Islands 1674 -- 1702 East Jersey 1674 -- 1702 West Jersey 1680 -- 1776 New Hampshire 1681 -- 1776 Pennsylvania 1686 -- 1689 New England 1691 -- 1776 Massachusetts Bay 1701 -- 1776 Delaware 1712 -- 1776 North Carolina 1712 -- 1776 South Carolina 1713 -- 1867 Nova Scotia 1733 -- 1776 Georgia 1754 -- 1820 Cape Breton Island 1762 -- 1974 * Grenada 1763 -- 1978 Dominica 1763 -- 1873 Prince Edward Island 1763 -- 1791 Quebec 1763 -- 1783 East Florida 1763 -- 1783 West Florida 1784 -- 1867 New Brunswick 1791 -- 1841 Lower Canada 1791 -- 1841 Upper Canada Since 1799 Turks and Caicos Islands 1818 -- 1846 Columbia District / Oregon Country 1833 -- 1960 Windward Islands 1833 -- 1960 Leeward Islands 1841 -- 1867 Canada 1849 -- 1866 Vancouver Island 1853 -- 1863 Queen Charlotte Islands 1858 -- 1866 British Columbia 1859 -- 1870 North - Western Territory 1860 -- 1981 * British Antigua and Barbuda 1862 -- 1863 Stickeen 1866 -- 1871 British Columbia 1867 -- 1931 * Dominion of Canada 1871 -- 1964 Honduras 1882 -- 1983 * Saint Kitts and Nevis 1889 -- 1962 Trinidad and Tobago 1907 -- 1949 Newfoundland 1958 -- 1962 West Indies Federation 1. Occupied jointly with the United States. 2. In 1931, Canada and other British dominions obtained self - government through the Statute of Westminster. See Name of Canada. 3. Gave up self - rule in 1934, but remained a de jure Dominion until it joined Canada in 1949. South America 1631 -- 1641 Providence Island 1651 -- 1667 Willoughbyland 1670 -- 1688 Saint Andrew and Providence Islands 1831 -- 1966 Guiana Since 1833 Falkland Islands Since 1908 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 4. Now a department of Colombia. 5. Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of April -- June 1982. Africa 17th and 18th centuries 19th century 20th century Since 1658 Saint Helena 1792 -- 1961 Sierra Leone 1795 -- 1803 Cape Colony Since 1815 Ascension Island Since 1816 Tristan da Cunha 1806 -- 1910 Cape of Good Hope 1807 -- 1808 Madeira 1810 -- 1968 Mauritius 1816 -- 1965 The Gambia 1856 -- 1910 Natal 1862 -- 1906 Lagos 1868 -- 1966 Basutoland 1874 -- 1957 Gold Coast 1882 -- 1922 Egypt 1884 -- 1900 Niger Coast 1884 -- 1966 Bechuanaland 1884 -- 1960 Somaliland 1887 -- 1897 Zululand 1890 -- 1962 Uganda 1890 -- 1963 Zanzibar 1891 -- 1964 Nyasaland 1891 -- 1907 Central Africa 1893 -- 1968 Swaziland 1895 -- 1920 East Africa 1899 -- 1956 Sudan 1900 -- 1914 Northern Nigeria 1900 -- 1914 Southern Nigeria 1900 -- 1910 Orange River 1900 -- 1910 Transvaal 1903 -- 1976 Seychelles 1910 -- 1931 South Africa 1914 -- 1960 Nigeria 1915 -- 1931 South - West Africa 1919 -- 1961 Cameroons 1920 -- 1963 Kenya 1922 -- 1961 Tanganyika 1923 -- 1965 and 1979 -- 1980 Southern Rhodesia 1924 -- 1964 Northern Rhodesia 6. League of Nations mandate. 7. Self - governing Southern Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence in 1965 ( as Rhodesia ) and continued as an unrecognised state until the 1979 Lancaster House Agreement. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003. Asia 17th and 18th century 19th century 20th century 1685 -- 1824 Bencoolen 1702 -- 1705 Pulo Condore 1757 -- 1947 Bengal 1762 -- 1764 Manila and Cavite 1781 -- 1784 and 1795 -- 1819 Padang 1786 -- 1946 Penang 1795 -- 1948 Ceylon 1796 -- 1965 Maldives 1811 -- 1816 Java 1812 -- 1824 Banka and Billiton 1819 -- 1826 Malaya 1824 -- 1948 Burma 1826 -- 1946 Straits Settlements 1839 -- 1967 Aden 1839 -- 1842 Afghanistan 1841 -- 1997 Hong Kong 1841 -- 1946 Sarawak 1848 -- 1946 Labuan 1858 -- 1947 India 1874 -- 1963 Borneo 1879 -- 1919 Afghanistan ( protectorate ) 1882 -- 1963 North Borneo 1885 -- 1946 Unfederated Malay States 1888 -- 1984 Brunei 1891 -- 1971 Muscat and Oman 1892 -- 1971 Trucial States 1895 -- 1946 Federated Malay States 1898 -- 1930 Weihai 1878 -- 1960 Cyprus 1907 -- 1949 Bhutan ( protectorate ) 1918 -- 1961 Kuwait 1920 -- 1932 Mesopotamia 1921 -- 1946 Transjordan 1923 -- 1948 Palestine 1945 -- 1946 South Vietnam 1946 -- 1963 North Borneo 1946 -- 1963 Sarawak 1946 -- 1963 Singapore 1946 -- 1948 Malayan Union 1948 -- 1957 Federation of Malaya Since 1960 Akrotiri and Dhekelia ( before as part of Cyprus ) Since 1965 British Indian Ocean Territory ( before as part of Mauritius and the Seychelles ) League of Nations mandate. Iraq 's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the Anglo - Iraqi Treaty Oceania 18th and 19th centuries 20th century 1788 -- 1901 New South Wales 1803 -- 1901 Van Diemen 's Land / Tasmania 1807 -- 1863 Auckland Islands 1824 -- 1980 New Hebrides 1824 -- 1901 Queensland 1829 -- 1901 Swan River / Western Australia 1836 -- 1901 South Australia since 1838 Pitcairn Islands 1841 -- 1907 New Zealand 1851 -- 1901 Victoria 1874 -- 1970 Fiji 1877 -- 1976 Western Pacific Territories 1884 -- 1949 Papua 1888 -- 1901 Rarotonga / Cook Islands 1889 -- 1948 Union Islands 1892 -- 1979 Gilbert and Ellice Islands 1893 -- 1978 Solomon Islands 1900 -- 1970 Tonga 1900 -- 1974 Niue 1901 -- 1942 * Australia 1907 -- 1953 * New Zealand 1919 -- 1942 and 1945 -- 1968 Nauru 1919 -- 1949 New Guinea 1949 -- 1975 Papua and New Guinea 9. Now part of the * Realm of New Zealand. 10. Suspended member. 11. Now Kiribati and * Tuvalu. 12. Now the * Solomon Islands. 13. Now * Papua New Guinea. Antarctica and South Atlantic Since 1658 Saint Helena Since 1815 Ascension Island Since 1816 Tristan da Cunha Since 1908 British Antarctic Territory 1841 -- 1933 Australian Antarctic Territory ( transferred to the Commonwealth of Australia ) 1841 -- 1947 Ross Dependency ( transferred to the Realm of New Zealand ) 14. Since 2009 part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha ; Ascension Island ( 1922 -- ) and Tristan da Cunha ( 1938 -- ) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena. 15. Both claimed in 1908 ; territories formed in 1962 ( British Antarctic Territory ) and 1985 ( South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ). Dependencies of European Union states Denmark Faroe Islands Greenland France Clipperton Island French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Adélie Land Île Amsterdam Crozet Islands Îles Éparses Kerguelen Islands Île Saint - Paul New Caledonia Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Wallis and Futuna Netherlands Aruba Caribbean Netherlands Curaçao Sint Maarten United Kingdom Crown dependencies Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Sovereign Base Areas Akrotiri and Dhekelia Overseas territories Anguilla Bermuda British Antarctic Territory British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Falkland Islands Gibraltar Montserrat Pitcairn Islands Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Turks and Caicos Islands Outlying territories of European countries Territories under European sovereignty but closer to or on continents other than Europe ( see inclusion criteria for further information ). Denmark Greenland France Clipperton Island French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Adélie Land Crozet Islands Île Amsterdam Île Saint - Paul Kerguelen Islands Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean Guadeloupe Martinique Mayotte New Caledonia Réunion Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Wallis and Futuna Italy Pantelleria Pelagie Islands Lampedusa Lampione Linosa Netherlands Aruba Caribbean Netherlands Bonaire Saba Sint Eustatius Curaçao Sint Maarten Norway Bouvet Island Peter I Island Queen Maud Land Portugal Azores Madeira Spain Canary Islands Ceuta Melilla Plazas de soberanía Chafarinas Islands Alhucemas Islands Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera United Kingdom Anguilla Bermuda British Antarctic Territory British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Falkland Islands Gibraltar Montserrat Pitcairn Islands Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Turks and Caicos Islands Caribbean Community ( CARICOM ) Secretariat ( Secretary - General ) Members Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Dominica Grenada Guyana Haiti Jamaica Montserrat St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Associate members Anguilla Bermuda British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Turks and Caicos Islands Observers Aruba Colombia Curaçao Dominican Republic Mexico Puerto Rico Sint Maarten Venezuela Institutions Common Fund for Commodities ( CFC ) Court of Justice ( CCJ ) Disaster Emergency Management ( CDEMA ) Examinations Council ( CXC ) Meteorological Institute ( CMI ) Meteorological Organisation ( CMO ) Public Health Agency ( CARPHA ) Single Market and Economy ( CSME ) Related organizations CARIFORUM Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States ( OECS ) Member of the Community but not of the CARICOM Single Market and Economy ( CSME ) British overseas territory awaiting entrustment to join the CSME English - speaking world Click on a coloured area to see an article about English in that country or region Further links Articles English - speaking world History of the English language British Empire English in the Commonwealth of Nations Anglosphere Lists List of countries by English - speaking population List of countries where English is an official language Countries and territories where English is the national language or the native language of the majority Africa Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Americas Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda The Bahamas Barbados Belize Bermuda British Virgin Islands Canada Cayman Islands Dominica Falkland Islands Grenada Guyana Jamaica Montserrat Saba Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Sint Eustatius Sint Maarten South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands United States United States Virgin Islands Europe Guernsey Ireland Isle of Man Jersey United Kingdom Oceania Australia New Zealand Norfolk Island Pitcairn Islands Countries and territories where English is an official language, but not the majority first language Africa Botswana Cameroon The Gambia Ghana Kenya Lesotho Liberia Malawi Mauritius Namibia Nigeria Rwanda Sierra Leone Somaliland South Africa South Sudan Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Americas Puerto Rico Asia Christmas Island Cocos ( Keeling ) Islands Hong Kong Special Administrative Region India Pakistan Philippines Singapore Europe Gibraltar Malta Oceania American Samoa Cook Islands Fiji Guam Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia Nauru Niue Northern Mariana Islands Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tokelau Tuvalu Vanuatu Dependencies shown in italics. Find out more on Wikipedia 's Sister projects Media from Commons Travel guides from Wikivoyage News stories from Wikinews Definitions from Wiktionary Textbooks from Wikibooks Quotations from Wikiquote Source texts from Wikisource Data from Wikidata VIAF : 126599932 LCCN : n79115394 GND : 4005759 - 8 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bermuda&oldid=819016201 '' Categories : Bermuda Archipelagoes of the Atlantic Ocean Bermuda Triangle British North America British Overseas Territories Dependent territories in North America English colonization of the Americas English - speaking countries and territories Island countries Islands of North America Islands of the North Atlantic Ocean Pre-Holocene volcanism Special territories of the European Union States and territories established in 1612 1612 establishments in North America 1612 establishments in the British Empire Calderas of North America Volcanoes of Bermuda Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from May 2016 Webarchive template wayback links Tagged pages containing blacklisted links Wikipedia indefinitely move - protected pages EngvarB from July 2014 Use dmy dates from October 2012 Coordinates on Wikidata Articles containing Latin - language text Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2017 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016 Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017 All articles with specifically marked weasel - worded phrases Articles with specifically marked weasel - worded phrases from August 2010 Citation overkill Articles tagged with the inline citation overkill template from August 2017 Articles needing additional references from December 2012 All articles needing additional references Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017 Articles needing additional references from January 2012 Articles to be expanded from December 2012 All articles to be expanded Articles using small message boxes Articles with unsourced statements from September 2017 Articles with dead external links from August 2016 Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Wikivoyage Languages Afrikaans Alemannisch አማርኛ Ænglisc Aragonés Arpetan Asturianu Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه Bân - lâm - gú Башҡортса Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) ‎ Bikol Central Български Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch ދިވެހިބަސް Dolnoserbski ཇོང ་ ཁ Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Fiji Hindi Føroyskt Français Gaeilge Gaelg Gagauz Gàidhlig Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ქართული Қазақша Kernowek Kinyarwanda Kiswahili Kreyòl ayisyen Kurdî Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Ligure Limburgs Lingála Magyar Македонски Malagasy മലയാളം मराठी მარგალური مصرى Bahasa Melayu Mìng - dĕ̤ng - ngṳ̄ Dorerin Naoero Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Нохчийн Norsk Norsk nynorsk Nouormand Novial Occitan ଓଡ଼ିଆ Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Plattdüütsch Polski Português Română Русиньскый Русский Scots Shqip Sicilianu සිංහල Simple English سنڌي SiSwati Slovenčina Slovenščina Soomaaliga کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Basa Sunda Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Татарча / tatarça తెలుగు ไทย ᏣᎳᎩ Türkçe Українська اردو ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche Vèneto Tiếng Việt Winaray Wolof Yorùbá 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 6 January 2018, at 22 : 42. 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Question: where is bermuda located on the world map
Answer: approximately 1,070 km (665 mi) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; 1,236 km (768 mi) south of Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia; and 1,578 km (981 mi) north of Puerto Rico; approximately 1,070 km (665 mi) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; 1,236 km (768 mi) south of Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia; and 1,578 km (981 mi) north of Puerto Rico; approximately 1,070 km (665 mi) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina