Therefore sign - wikipedia Therefore sign ∴ Therefore sign Punctuation apostrophe ' ' brackets ( ) ( ) ( ) ⟨ ⟩ colon : comma, ، 、 dash ‒ -- -- ― ellipsis...... ⋯ ᠁ ฯ exclamation mark ! full stop, period. guillemets `` '' `` '' hyphen ‐ hyphen - minus - question mark ? quotation marks ' ' `` '' ' ' `` '' semicolon ; slash, stroke, solidus / ⁄ Word dividers interpunct space General typography ampersand & asterisk * at sign @ backslash \bullet caret dagger † ‡ degree ° ditto mark '' inverted exclamation mark ¡ inverted question mark ¿ komejirushi, kome, reference mark ※ number sign, pound, hash # numero sign No obelus ÷ multiplication sign × ordinal indicator o a percent, per mil % ‰ plus and minus + − equals sign = basis point ‱ pilcrow ¶ prime ′ '' ′′′ section sign § tilde ~ underscore, understrike _ vertical bar, pipe, broken bar ‖ ¦ Intellectual property copyright © sound - recording copyright ℗ registered trademark ® service mark SM trademark TM Currency currency sign ¤ currency symbols ؋ ​ ₳ ​ ฿ ​ ₿ ​ ₵ ​ ¢ ​ ₡ ​ ₢ ​ $ ​ ₫ ​ ₯ ​ ֏ ​ ₠ ​ € ​ ƒ ​ ₣ ​ ₲ ​ ₴ ​ ₭ ​ ₺ ​ ₾ ​ ₼ ​ M ​ ₥ ​ ₦ ​ ₧ ​ ₱ ​ ₰ ​ £ ​ 元 圆 圓 ​ ریال ​ ៛ ​ ₽ ​ ₹ Rs ​ ₪ ​ ৳ ​ ₸ ​ ₮ ​ ₩ ​ ¥ 円 Uncommon typography asterism ⁂ fleuron, hedera ❧ index, fist ☞ interrobang ‽ irony punctuation ⸮ lozenge ◊ tie ⁀ Related Diacritics Logic symbols Whitespace characters In other scripts Chinese Hebrew Japanese Korean Portal Book In logical argument and mathematical proof, the therefore sign ( ∴ ) is generally used before a logical consequence, such as the conclusion of a syllogism. The symbol consists of three dots placed in an upright triangle and is read therefore. It is encoded at U + 2234 ∴ therefore ( HTML & # 8756 ; &there4 ; ). For common use in Microsoft Office hold the ALT key and type `` 8756 ''. While it is not generally used in formal writing, it is used in mathematics and shorthand. It is complementary to U + 2235 ∵ because ( HTML & # 8757 ; ). Contents 1 History 2 Example of use 3 Related signs 4 See also 5 References History According to Cajori, A History of Mathematical Notations, Johann Rahn used both the therefore and because signs to mean `` therefore '' ; in the German edition of Teutsche Algebra ( 1659 ) the therefore sign was prevalent with the modern meaning, but in the 1668 English edition Rahn used the because sign more often to mean `` therefore ''. Other authors in the eighteenth century also used three dots in a triangle shape to signify `` therefore, '' but as with Rahn, there was n't much in the way of consistency as to how the triangle was oriented ; because with its current meaning appears to have originated in the nineteenth century. In this century, the three - dot notation for therefore became very rare in continental Europe, but it remains popular in the British Isles. Example of use Used in a syllogism : All gods are immortal. Zeus is a god. ∴ Zeus is immortal. x + 1 = 6 ∴ x = 5 Related signs A diploma from the Masonic Grande Loge de France showing the symbol as a substitute for the dot of abbreviation. The inverted form ∵, known as the because sign, is sometimes used as a shorthand form of `` because ''. This is Unicode character U + 2235. The therefore sign is sometimes used as a substitute for an asterism ⁂. In meteorology, the therefore sign is used to indicate moderate rain on a station model ; the asterism indicates moderate snow. To denote logical implication or entailment, various signs are used in mathematical logic : →, ⇒, ⊃, ⊢, ⊨. These symbols are then part of a mathematical formula, and are not considered to be punctuation. In contrast, the therefore sign is traditionally used as a punctuation mark, and does not form part of a logical formula. The graphically identical sign ∴ serves as a Japanese map symbol on the maps of the Geographical Survey Institute of Japan, indicating a tea plantation. On other maps the sign, often with thicker dots, is sometimes used to signal the presence of a national monument or ruins. The character ஃ in the Tamil script represents the āytam, a special sound of the Tamil language. In Masonic traditions the symbol is used for abbreviation, instead of the usual period. For example `` R ∴ W ∴ John Smith '' is an abbreviation for `` Right Worshipful John Smith '' ( the term Right Worshipful is an archaic title just as `` Land Lord '' is and indicates that Brother Smith is a Grand Lodge officer ). In Norwegian and Danish, a similar symbol is used as an explanatory symbol ( forklaringstegnet ). It can be typeset using the open o followed by a colon, thus : ɔ :. It is used for the meaning `` namely '', `` id est '', `` scilicet '' or similar. See also Q.E.D. Mathematical jargon References Jump up ^ `` Cajori, vol. 1, p. 211 ''. Archive.org. Retrieved 2013 - 10 - 05. Jump up ^ Florian Cajori ( 2011 ) ( 1929 ). A History of Mathematical Notations : Two Volumes in One. Cosimo, Inc. pp. 282 -- 283. ISBN 978 - 1 - 61640 - 571 - 7. Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Archived October 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Encyclopedia of Freemasonry Part 1 and Its Kindred Sciences Comprising the..., Albert Gallatin Mackey, page 2, reprint in 2002, Kessinger Publishing, ISBN 0 - 7661 - 2650 - 1. Jump up ^ http://www.typografi.org/forklaringstegn/forklaringstegn.html Common logical symbols ∧ or & and ∨ or ¬ or ~ not → implies ⊃ implies, superset ≡ iff nand ∀ universal quantification ∃ existential quantification ⊤ tautology ⊥ false, contradiction ⊢ entails, proves ⊨ entails, therefore ∴ therefore ∵ because Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Therefore_sign&oldid=815234923 '' Categories : Typographical symbols Punctuation Mathematical symbols Logic symbols Logical consequence Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Talk Contents About Wikipedia Français 한국어 Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Português Svenska Edit links This page was last edited on 13 December 2017, at 16 : 22. 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Question: what do the 3 dots mean in math
Answer: the therefore sign (∴) is generally used before a logical consequence, such as the conclusion of a syllogism; the therefore sign; a logical consequence, such as the conclusion of a syllogism; therefore sign