Simon Commission - wikipedia Simon Commission The Indian Statutory Commission, commonly referred to as the Simon Commission was a group of seven British Members of Parliament of United Kingdom under the chairmanship of Sir John Allsebrook Simon assisted by Clement Attlee. The commission arrived in British India in 1928 to study constitutional reform in Britain 's most important colonial dependency. One of its members was Clement Attlee, who became committed to Indian independence by 1934 and achieved that goal as Prime Minister in 1947 in the granting of independence to India and Pakistan. At the time of introducing the Montagu -- Chelmsford Reforms the British Government declared that a commission would be sent to India after ten years to examine the effects and operations of the constitutional reforms and to suggest more reforms for India. In November 1927 the British government appointed a commission under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon to report on India 's constitutional progress for introducing constitutional reforms as had been promised. Contents 1 Background 2 Protest and death of Lala Lajpat Rai 3 Aftermath 4 Members of the Commission 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links Background The Government of India Act 1919 had introduced the system of diarchy to govern the provinces of British India. The Indian public clamoured for revision of this form of government, and the Government of India Act 1919 itself stated that a commission would be appointed after ten years to investigate the progress of the governance scheme and suggest new steps for reform. In the late 1920s, the Conservative government then in power in Britain feared imminent electoral defeat at the hands of the Labour Party, and also feared the effects of the consequent transference of control of India to such an `` inexperienced '' body. Hence, it appointed seven MPs to constitute the promised commission to examine the state of Indian constitutional affairs. Some people in India were outraged and insulted that the Simon Commission, which was to determine the future of India, did not include a single Indian member. The Indian National Congress, at its December 1927 meeting in Madras ( now Chennai ), resolved to boycott the Commission and challenged Lord Birkenhead, the Secretary of State for India, to draft a constitution that would be acceptable to the Indian populace. A faction of the Muslim League, led by Mohammed Ali Jinnah, also decided to boycott the Commission. However, opinion was divided, with support for co-operation coming from some members of the Muslim League and also both Hindus and members of the Central Sikh League. An All - India Committee for Cooperation with the Simon Commission was established by the Council of India and by selection of the Viceroy, Lord Irwin. The members of the committee were : C. Sankaran Nair ( Chairman ), Arthur Froom, Nawab Ali Khan, Shivdev Singh Uberoi, Zulfiqar Ali Khan, Hari Singh Gour, Abdullah Al - Mamun Suhrawardy, Kikabhai Premchand and M.C. Rajah. In Burma ( Myanmar ), which was included in the terms of reference of the Simon Commission, there was strong suspicion either that Burma 's unpopular union with India would continue, or that the constitution recommended for Burma by the Commission would be less generous than that chosen for India ; these suspicions resulted in tension and violence in Burma leading to the rebellion of Saya San. Protest and death of Lala Lajpat Rai The Simon Commission left England in January 1928. Almost immediately with its arrival in Bombay on 3 February 1928, its members were confronted by throngs of protesters, although there were also some supporters among the crowds who saw it as the next step on the road to self - governance. A strike began and many people turned out to greet the Commission with black flags. Similar protests occurred in every major Indian city that the seven British MPs visited. One protest against the Simon Commission became infamous. On 30 October 1928, the Commission arrived in Lahore where it was met by protesters waving black flags. The protest was led by Indian nationalist Lala Lajpat Rai, who had moved a resolution against the Commission in the Legislative Assembly of Punjab in February 1928. In order to make way for the Commission, the local police force began beating protestors. Lala Lajpat Rai was critically injured and died a fortnight later. Aftermath The Commission published its 2 - volume report in May 1930. It proposed the abolition of dyarchy and the establishment of representative government in the provinces. It also recommended that separate communal electorates be retained, but only until tensions between Hindus and Muslims had died down. In September 1928, ahead of the Commission 's release, Motilal Nehru presented his Nehru Report to counter its charges that Indians could not find a constitutional consensus among themselves. This report advocated that India be given dominion status of complete internal self - government. Noting that educated Indians opposed the Commission and also that communal tensions had increased instead of decreased, the British government opted for another method of dealing with the constitutional issues of India. Before the publication of the report, the British government stated that Indian opinion would henceforth be taken into account, and that the natural outcome of the constitutional process would be dominion status for India. The outcome of the Simon Commission was the Government of India Act 1935, which called for `` responsible '' government at the provincial level in India but not at the national level -- that is a government responsible to the Indian community rather than London. It is the basis of many parts of the Indian Constitution. In 1937 the first elections were held in the Provinces, resulting in Congress Governments being returned in almost all Provinces. Clement Attlee was deeply moved by his experience on the Commission, and endorsed the final report. However by 1933 he argued that British rule was alien to India and was unable to make the social and economic reforms necessary for India 's progress. He became the British leader most sympathetic to Indian independence ( as a dominion ), preparing him for his role in deciding on independence in 1947. Members of the Commission Sir John Simon Clement Attlee Harry Levy - Lawson, 1st Viscount Burnham Edward Cadogan Vernon Hartshorn George Lane - Fox Donald Howard, 3rd Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal See also Delhi Statement References Jump up ^ John Bew ( 2017 ). Clement Attlee : The Man Who Made Modern Britain. Oxford UP. pp. 186 -- 87. ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 020340 - 5. Jump up ^ C.F. Andrews ( 2017 ). India and the Simon Report. Routledge reprint of 1930 first edition. p. 11. ^ Jump up to : Nair, Neeti ( May 2009 ). `` Bhagat Singh as ' Satyagrahi ' : The Limits to Non-violence in Late Colonial India ''. Modern Asian Studies. Cambridge University Press. 43 ( 3 ) : 649 -- 681. doi : 10.1017 / s0026749x08003491. JSTOR 20488099. ( Subscription required ( help ) ). Jump up ^ See e.g. Maurice Collis, Trials in Burma ( London, 1938 ). Jump up ^ Desai, Meghnad ( 2011 ). The Rediscovery of India. Penguin UK. p. 210. ISBN 978 - 8 - 18475 - 566 - 4. Jump up ^ Pew Ghosh ( 2012 ). Indian Government and Politics. pp. 20 -- 21. Jump up ^ Brasted Howard, Bridge Carl ( 1988 ). `` The British Labour Party and Indian Nationalism, 1907 ‐ 1947 ''. South Asia : Journal of South Asian Studies. 11 ( 2 ) : 69 -- 99. doi : 10.1080 / 00856408808723113. Jump up ^ R.J. Moore, Escape from Empire : The Attlee Government & the Indian Problem ( 1983 ). Further reading Andrews, C.F. ( 2017 ). India and the Simon Report. Routledge reprint of 1930 first edition. p. 11. Simon, John Allsebrook. Retrospect : The Memoirs of the Rt. Hon. Viscount Simon ( 1952 ) online pp 144 -- 61. Somervell, D.C. The Reign of King George V, ( 1936 ) covers Raj 1910 - 35 pp 80 - 84, 282 - 91, 455 - 64 online free The New York Times, 29 June 1930 External links Story of Pakistan : Simon Commission Simon Commission Report Volumes 1 - 17 Indian Independence Movement History Colonisation Porto Grande de Bengala Dutch Bengal East India Company British Raj French India Portuguese India Battle of Plassey Battle of Buxar Anglo - Mysore Wars First Second Third Fourth Anglo - Maratha Wars First Second Third Polygar Wars Vellore Mutiny First Anglo - Sikh War Second Anglo - Sikh War Sannyasi Rebellion Rebellion of 1857 Radcliffe Line more Philosophies and ideologies Ambedkarism Gandhism Hindu nationalism Indian nationalism Khilafat Movement Muslim nationalism in South Asia Satyagraha Socialism Swadeshi movement Swaraj Events and movements Partition of Bengal ( 1905 ) Partition of Bengal ( 1947 ) Revolutionaries Direct Action Day Delhi - Lahore Conspiracy The Indian Sociologist Singapore Mutiny Hindu -- German Conspiracy Champaran Satyagraha Kheda Satyagraha Rowlatt Committee Rowlatt Bills Jallianwala Bagh massacre Noakhali riots Non-Cooperation Movement Christmas Day Plot Coolie - Begar Movement Chauri Chaura incident, 1922 Kakori conspiracy Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre Flag Satyagraha Bardoli 1928 Protests Nehru Report Fourteen Points of Jinnah Purna Swaraj Salt March Dharasana Satyagraha Vedaranyam March Chittagong armoury raid Gandhi -- Irwin Pact Round table conferences Act of 1935 Aundh Experiment Indische Legion Cripps ' mission Quit India Bombay Mutiny Coup d'état of Yanaon Provisional Government of India Independence Day Praja Mandala movement Organisations All India Kisan Sabha All - India Muslim League Anushilan Samiti Arya Samaj Azad Hind Berlin Committee Ghadar Party Hindustan Socialist Republican Association Indian National Congress India House Indian Home Rule movement Indian Independence League Indian National Army Jugantar Khaksar Tehrik Khudai Khidmatgar Swaraj Party more Social reformers A. Vaidyanatha Iyer Ayya Vaikundar Ayyankali B.R. Ambedkar Baba Amte Bal Gangadhar Tilak Dayananda Saraswati Dhondo Keshav Karve G. Subramania Iyer Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Gopal Hari Deshmukh Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar J.B. Kripalani Jyotirao Phule Kandukuri Veeresalingam Mahadev Govind Ranade Mahatma Gandhi Muthulakshmi Reddi Narayana Guru Niralamba Swami Pandita Ramabai Periyar E.V. Ramasamy Ram Mohan Roy Rettamalai Srinivasan Sahajanand Saraswati Savitribai Phule Shahu Sister Nivedita Sri Aurobindo Syed Ahmad Khan Vakkom Moulavi Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Vinoba Bhave Vitthal Ramji Shinde Vivekananda Independence activists Abul Kalam Azad Accamma Cherian Achyut Patwardhan A.K. Fazlul Huq Alluri Sitarama Raju Annapurna Maharana Annie Besant Ashfaqulla Khan Babu Kunwar Singh Bagha Jatin Bahadur Shah II Bakht Khan Bal Gangadhar Tilak Basawon Singh Begum Hazrat Mahal Bhagat Singh Bharathidasan Bhavabhushan Mitra Bhikaiji Cama Bhupendra Kumar Datta Bidhan Chandra Roy Bipin Chandra Pal C. Rajagopalachari Chandra Shekhar Azad Chetram Jatav Chittaranjan Das Dadabhai Naoroji Dayananda Saraswati Dhan Singh Dukkipati Nageswara Rao Gopal Krishna Gokhale Govind Ballabh Pant Har Dayal Hemu Kalani Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi Jatindra Mohan Sengupta Jatindra Nath Das Jawaharlal Nehru K. Kamaraj Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Khudiram Bose Shri Krishna Singh Lala Lajpat Rai M. Bhaktavatsalam M.N. Roy Mahadaji Shinde Mahatma Gandhi Mangal Pandey Mir Qasim Mithuben Petit ‎ Muhammad Ali Jauhar Muhammad Ali Jinnah Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari Nagnath Naikwadi Nana Fadnavis Nana Sahib P. Kakkan Prafulla Chaki Pritilata Waddedar Pritilata Waddedar Purushottam Das Tandon R. Venkataraman Rahul Sankrityayan Rajendra Prasad Ram Prasad Bismil Rani Lakshmibai Rash Behari Bose Sahajanand Saraswati Sangolli Rayanna Sarojini Naidu Satyapal Dang Shuja - ud - Daula Shyamji Krishna Varma Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi Siraj ud - Daulah Subhas Chandra Bose Subramania Bharati Subramaniya Siva Surya Sen Syama Prasad Mukherjee Tara Rani Srivastava Tarak Nath Das Tatya Tope Tiruppur Kumaran Ubaidullah Sindhi VO Chidamabaram V.K. Krishna Menon Vallabhbhai Patel Vanchinathan Veeran Sundaralingam Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Virendranath Chattopadhyaya Yashwantrao Holkar Yogendra Shukla more British leaders Wavell Canning Cornwallis Irwin Chelmsford Curzon Ripon Minto Dalhousie Bentinck Mountbatten Wellesley Lytton Clive Outram Cripps Linlithgow Hastings Independence Cabinet Mission Annexation of French colonies in India Constitution Republic of India Indian annexation of Goa Indian Independence Act Partition of India Political integration Simla Conference Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simon_Commission&oldid=833799551 '' Categories : Indian independence movement 1927 in India Commissions in Colonial India 1928 in India Hidden categories : Pages containing links to subscription - only content Use dmy dates from April 2017 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018 Talk Contents About Wikipedia বাংলা Deutsch Français ગુજરાતી हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia ಕನ್ನಡ മലയാളം मराठी ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی संस्कृतम् Svenska தமிழ் తెలుగు اردو 7 more Edit links This page was last edited on 2 April 2018, at 13 : 54. 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Question: who was the viceroy when the simon commission visited india
Answer: Lord Irwin; Lord Irwin; Lord Irwin; Lord Irwin; Lord Irwin